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988:, followed that saw several Canadians severely wounded and the surrender of a large group of local Canadian Militia who had moved into the Fenian rear. After considering the inability of reinforcements to cross the river and the approach of large numbers of Canadian Militia and British soldiers, the remaining Fenians released the Canadian prisoners and returned to Buffalo early in the morning of June 3. They were intercepted by the gunboat
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1298:). An estimated casualty figure for the Fenian Raids into Canada 1866, including deaths from disease while on service in both Canada West (Ontario) and Canada East (Quebec), was calculated by the Militia Department in 1868 as 31 dead and 103 wounded or struck by disease (including a female civilian accidentally shot by the militia.)
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O'Neill's strength in the Fenian camp at
Frenchmen's Creek was estimated at 250 by a Canada West Frontier Police detective who infiltrated the camp. He also reported that later in the night an additional 200 Fenians joined the column from the camp, bringing the total to at least 450. See: Detective
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The opposing forces exchanged volleys for about two hours, before a series of command errors threw the
Canadians into confusion. The Fenians took advantage of it by launching a bayonet charge that broke the inexperienced Canadian ranks. Seven Canadians were killed on the battlefield, two died shortly
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graduate, was elected moderator of the meeting and, having been swept up in his own sudden importance and fever of the meeting, ended his animated speech by asking "Who would be the first man to come forward and pledge himself to go to Canada and help free
Ireland?" The first of the roughly dozen men
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After the invasion of Canada West failed, the
Fenians decided to concentrate their efforts on Canada East; however, the U.S. government had begun to impede Fenian activities, and arrested many Fenian leaders. The Fenians soon saw their plans begin to fade. General Samuel Spear of the Fenians managed
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The farcical raid was doomed from the very start. It actually took place inside the United States, and the Métis under Riel had signed a pact with the
British just as the invasion began. Riel and his Métis captured O'Donoghue and gave him to U.S. authorities. In a somewhat muddled federal response,
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A board of inquiry determined that allegations over the alleged misconduct of
Lieutenant-Colonel Alfred Booker (13th Battalion), on whom command of Canadian volunteers had devolved, had "not the slightest foundation for the unfavourable imputations cast upon him in the public prints". Nevertheless,
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for
British troops. When the Queen's Own Rifles began retiring to give the field to what they thought were British Army units, the 13th Battalion mistook this for a retreat, and began withdrawing themselves. At this moment that the infamous "form square" order was given, completing the debacle that
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John O'Neill, after the failed 1870 invasion, had resigned the Senate Wing and then joined the Savage Wing. In return he was given a seat on the Savage Wing governing council. In 1871 O'Neill and an odd character named W. B. O’Donoghue asked the Savage Wing
Council to undertake another invasion of
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Abstract of Names of
Claimants for Pensions and Gratuities, Fenian Raid Service Records, Adjutant General's Office, United Canada, Pensions and Land Grants, RG9-I-C-5; Compensation of Injuries, Wounds, etc, Received on Active Service Fenian Raids 1866–1868 Volume 32, page 13, National Archives of
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The raids also aroused a martial spirit among
Canadians by testing the militia's strength. Because of their poor performance, the militia took efforts to improve themselves. This was achieved without the huge cost of a real war. The militia possessed an authorised strength of 40,000 men, however,
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Support for the Fenian Brotherhood's invasion of Canada quickly disappeared and there was no real threat after the 1890s. Nevertheless, the raids had an important effect on all Canadians. Ironically, though they did nothing to advance the cause of Irish independence, the 1866 Fenian raids and the
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post and a Canadian customs house which they believed to be just north of the international border. A U.S. survey team had determined the border was two miles further north, placing the Hudson's Bay post and the customs house both inside U.S. territory. O'Neill, J. J. Donnelly and ten others were
1075:, Frelighsburg, St. Armand and Stanbridge. At this point the Canadian government had done little to defend the border, but on June 8 Canadian forces arrived at Pigeon Hill and the Fenians, who were low on arms, ammunition and supplies, promptly surrendered, ending the raid on Canada East.
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went to Buffalo, New York to inspect the situation. Following instructions from Grant, Meade issued strict orders to prevent anyone from violating the border. Grant then proceeded to St. Louis. Meade, finding that the battles were over and the Fenian army interned in Buffalo, went to
941:, but had not had an opportunity to practise with them and were issued with only 28 rounds per man. The Fenians were mostly battle-hardened American Civil War veterans, armed with weapons procured from leftover war supplies, either Enfield rifled muskets or the comparable
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would provide them with leverage in their efforts. After the failure of the April attempt to raid New Brunswick, which had been blessed by O'Mahony, the Senate Faction implemented their own plan for invading Canada. Drafted by the senate "Secretary for War" General
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in Canada and the Maritimes because of the U.S. government's perceived tolerance of the Fenians when they were meeting openly and preparing for the raids. However, many Americans saw this as retribution against British-Canadian tolerance and aid to the
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border. The Council, weary of Canadian adventures in general and O’Neill in particular, would have none of it. O'Neill's idea was turned down, but the Council promised to loan him arms and agreed they would not publicly denounce him and his raid.
813:, where the Fenian force was concentrated. This show of force by Doyle discouraged the Fenians, and they dispersed. The invasion reinforced the idea of protection for New Brunswick by joining with the British North American colonies of
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In Buffalo, a historic marker commemorates the June 1866 Fenian incursion into Fort Erie and Ridgeway, Ont. The marker is located in the Black Rock neighborhood in Tow Path Park on the west end of Hertel overlooking the Niagara River.
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and leading the provinces into Confederation. This was seen as necessary for survival and self-defence; the raids showed Canadians that safety lay in unity and were an important factor in creating the modern nation-state of Canada.
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While authorities in the United States arrested the men and confiscated the arms of the Fenian Brotherhood, there was speculation that some in the U.S. government ignored the preparations undertaken by the Fenians due to anger over
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O'Neill was arrested twice – once in Dakota and once in Minnesota – but was released and never charged for "invading" U.S. territory. The men captured with him were released by the court as simply "dupes" of O'Neill and Donnelly.
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Groceman, Robert M. "Patriot War and the Fenian Raids: Case Studies in Border Security on the US Canada Border in the Nineteenth Century" (US Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth United States, 2017)
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in 1867. Some historians have argued that the affair tipped the final votes of reluctant Maritime provinces in favour of the collective security of nationhood, making Ridgeway the "battle that made Canada."
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Logbook No. 16, July 24, 1864, to August 30, 1866: Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, 1801–1940, Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel, 1798–2003, RG24. (National Archives Building, Washington, DC) NARA.
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Several memorials were erected throughout Canada, commemorating those who volunteered with the Canadian Militia fought during the raids. These monuments include the Canadian Volunteers Monument in
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to sign the "enlistment papers" were Patrick Donohoe and Thomas Golden. Thomas Brennan said he could not participate, but donated $ 50 to the cause. The meeting ended with the group singing "
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Fenian commander Brigadier-General Thomas William Sweeny was arrested by the United States government for violating American neutrality. Nevertheless, he was soon released and served in the
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was then instructed to seize all Fenian weapons and ammunition and prevent more border crossings. Further instructions on 7 June 1866 were to arrest anyone who appeared to be a Fenian.
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afterwards from wounds, and four later died of wounds or disease while on service; ninety-four more were wounded or disabled by disease. Ten Fenians were killed and sixteen wounded.
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After assembling with other units from Canada and travelling all night, Canadian troops advanced into a well-laid ambush by approximately 600–700 Fenians the next morning north of
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The traditional historical narrative alleges that the turning point in the Battle of Ridgeway was when Fenian cavalry was erroneously reported and the Canadian Militia ordered to
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did not begin intercepting Fenian reinforcements until 2:15 p.m.—14 hours after Owen Starr's advance party had crossed the river ahead of O'Neill's main force. Once the USS
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stationed in Canada, saw the threat posed by a burning railway car containing ammunition and fought the blaze single-handedly for an hour, saving the lives of many in the area.
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The Fenian raid at Fort Erie, June the first and second, 1866: with a map of the Niagara Peninsula, shewing the route of the troops, and a plan of the Lime Ridge battle ground
1016:, Brigade Major of the Fifth Military District, although the President of the Board of Inquiry, Colonel George T. Denison, differed from his colleagues on several key points.
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Fenian Brotherhood. Proceedings of the second National Congress of the Fenian Brotherhood, held in Cincinnati, Ohio, January 1865. Philadelphia: J. Gibbons, 1865.
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1330:. In June 2006 Ontario's heritage agency dedicated a plaque at Ridgeway on the commemoration of the 140th anniversary of the battle. Many members of the
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during the period of the 1866 raids, a total of 37,170 volunteers turned out. The greatest impact of the Fenian raids was in the developing a sense of
660:) in 1866, and again from 1870 to 1871. A number of separate incursions by the Fenian Brotherhood into Canada were undertaken to bring pressure on the
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874:) intended to cut Canada West off from Canada East and possible British reinforcements from there. Key to the plan was a diversionary attack at
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the charges dogged Booker for the rest of his life. A second board of inquiry into the battle at Fort Erie exonerated Lieutenant-Colonel
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issued a proclamation requiring enforcement of the neutrality laws, guaranteeing the Fenian invasion could not continue. Generals
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organization based in the United States, on military fortifications, customs posts and other targets in Canada (then part of
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return to the Ridgeway battle site on the weekend closest to the June 2 anniversary for a bicycle tour of the battle sites.
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was a military conflict that occurred on 27 May 1870. It was a part of the Fenian raids. This battle occurred outside of
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system. This was the only Fenian attack, other than the Quebec raid several days later, which was launched in June 1866.
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end of the Welland Canal. The Fenians rested briefly at Ridgeway, before returning to Fort Erie. Another encounter, the
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to escape arrest, and, on June 7, Spear and his 1000 men marched into Canadian territory, achieving occupancy of
2121:
Sim, David. "Filibusters, Fenians, and a Contested Neutrality: The Irish Question and US Diplomacy, 1848–1871."
2088:Ó Cathaoir, Brendan. "The Fenian raids on Canada: a postscript to Irish involvement in the American Civil War."
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and John O'Mahony focused more on fundraising for rebels in Ireland. The more militant "Senate Faction" led by
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In addition to organizing raids against those provinces, the Fenian Brotherhood also organized openly in the
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Stacey, Charles Perry. "Fenianism and the Rise of National Feeling in Canada at the Time of Confederation."
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Charles Perry Stacey, "Fenianism and the Rise of National Feeling in Canada at the Time of Confederation."
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was deployed, O'Neill's force in the Niagara Region was cut off from further supplies and reinforcements.
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Ottawa : Printed for the Royal Society of Canada, 1911. Brock University Library Digital Repository
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2164:"Security-Intelligence Functions of the Toronto Police During the Civil War Era and the Fenian Threat"
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Another raid by the Fenians occurred on 25 May 1870. The Canadians, acting on information supplied by
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had been armed the day before on their ferry crossing from Toronto with state-of-the-art seven-shot
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2056:. Philadelphia : James Gibbons, Printers, 1863- . Brock University Library Digital Repository
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Charles Clarke to McMicken, telegram, June 2, 1866, MG26 A, Volume 237, p. 103878 Canada Archives.
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2035:. c1910. (St. Catharines, Ont. : Star Journal). Brock University Library Digital Repository
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805:, responded decisively. On 17 April 1866, he left Halifax with several warships carrying over 700
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2182:"Torn Between Brothers: A Look at the Internal Divisions that Weakened the Fenian Brotherhood"
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1977:"Montreal, City of Secrets: Confederate Operations in Montreal During the American Civil War"
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consisted of inexperienced volunteers with no more than basic drill training but armed with
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Neidhardt, W.S. Fenianism in North America The Pennsylvania State University Press. 1975.
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2078:. Niagara, : "The Times" Print, 1911. Brock University Library Digital Repository
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inept efforts of the Canadian Militia to repulse them helped to galvanize support for
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issued for service in the Canadian Militia related to the Fenian incursions in 1870
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Documents from the Front: The American Civil War and the Fenian Raids of the 1860s
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Ridgeway : the American Fenian invasion and the 1866 battle that made Canada
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Official Report of the Battle of Ridgeway, Canada West, Fought on June 2, 1866
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O'Neill resigned from the Fenians to lead the invasion, which was planned in
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After the Campobello raid, the "Presidential faction" led by Fenian founders
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Ridgeway: The American Fenian Invasion and the 1866 Battle That Made Canada.
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Proceedings of the National Congress of the Fenian Brotherhood, January 1866
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Ridgeway: The American Fenian Invasion and the 1866 Battle That Made Canada
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Ridgeway: The American Fenian Invasion and the 1866 Battle That Made Canada
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Ridgeway: The American Fenian Invasion and the 1866 Battle That Made Canada
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From 1870 to 1871, the Fenian Brotherhood organized several raids into the
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Fenian raid 1866 with Lieut.-Col. J. Stoughton Dennis at Fort Erie, June 2
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until 20 July 1871, several months before the last Fenian raid took place.
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shore opposite the island intending to seize Campobello from the British.
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Troublous Times in Canada, A History of the Fenian Raids of 1866 and 1870
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to commemorate Canadian militiamen who died during the Battle of Ridgeway
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activities in Canada against the Union during the Civil War (such as the
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near the international border about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of
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in which a raid into Canada was organized. John R. Bullard, a recent
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were ambushed by the Fenians at the Battle of Ridgeway in June 1866
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were generally loyal to the British and fought with the pro-Union
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Turning back the Fenians: New Brunswick's Last Colonial Campaign
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Turning back the Fenians: New Brunswick's Last Colonial Campaign
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equal to the armaments of the Fenians. A single company of the
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Guardian of the Great Lakes: The U.S. Paddle Frigate Michigan
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1666:(June 27, 1866), New York: John A. Foster, 1870. pp. 37–38
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Crowds celebrate the return of militiamen in Montreal, 1866.
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A funeral for soldiers killed during the Fenian attacks in
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believed that even a marginally successful invasion of the
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1884:
The Last Invasion of Canada: The Fenian Raids of 1866–1870
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Buffalo Evening Post, June 5, 1866, p. 2. (June 5, 1866).
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Civil War Vets Wanted to Invade Canada to Liberate Ireland
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1608:
1171:. The location of this battle should not be confused with
1963:"The Confederate Spy Ring: Spreading Terror to the Union"
1777:"Tom Sweeny: He Wasn't Called "Fighting Tom" For Nothing"
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to operate both within the UK and her overseas colonies,
754:." The raid was a failure. Some of the men got as far as
2184:– Jean Turner for Villanova University's Digital Library
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The last invasion of Canada: The Fenian raids, 1866–1870
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703:. The Fenian raids were one of the factors that led to
1834:. Minnesota Historical Society Press. pp. 44–45.
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was awarded the Victoria Cross for actions he took at
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Raids that were carried out in 1866 took place in the
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Irish military campaign in Canada in between 1866–1871
1662:, Vol 2, Welland Canada: 1926. p. 21; John O’Neill,
1212:. On October 5, O'Neill's force managed to capture a
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Welland County Historical Society Papers and Records
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668:, although none of these raids achieved their aims.
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2040:The Fenian Raid of 1866 and Events on the Frontier
1911:
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1204:, and John J. Donnelly, hoped to join forces with
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1766:, Toronto: Penguin-Allen Lane, 2011. pp. 141–145.
671:In Canada, the incursions divided its burgeoning
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2198:, online exhibit on Archives of Ontario website
2004:"The Fenian Invasion of 1866 Historical Marker"
1413:British blockade runners carrying arms supplies
648:were a series of incursions carried out by the
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1944:"10 ways Canada fought the American Civil War"
1689:, Toronto: Penugin-Allen Lane, 2011. pp. 46–47
1658:E. A. Cruickshank, "The Fenian Raid of 1866",
1112:in the 1870s, threatening the security of the
893:in the first 14 hours of June 1 under Colonel
785:, this Fenian raid occurred in April 1866, at
559:Conflicts between Canada and the United States
3274:
2905:
2217:
1472:
976:After the battle, the Canadians retreated to
541:
455:
2141:, Toronto: Penguin Canada-Allen Lane, 2011.
1744:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1624:By Blake Stilwell, 15 Mar 2019, military.com
1445:The Colony of British Columbia did not join
1326:, and the Battle of Eccles Hill Monument in
1178:
498:
2190:Brock University Library Digital Repository
1993:, Toronto: Penguin-Allen Lane, 2011. p. 261
1960:
1019:Five days after the start of the invasion,
268:10,000-14,000 local volunteers (March 1866)
3281:
3267:
2912:
2898:
2224:
2210:
1748:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
829:(Quebec), to form the Dominion of Canada.
548:
534:
462:
448:
46:Depiction of the Fenian charge during the
2158:"Here Comes That Damned Green Flag Again"
1806:
1804:
1636:. Toronto: W. C. Chewett & Co., 1866.
1305:
1236:
1135:
1092:
1061:
963:
947:
897:. Sabotaged by Fenians in its crew, the
765:
711:united to face the threat of invasions.
513:
99:
2188:Fenian Raid Broadside Collection RG 500
2052:Fenian Brotherhood. National Congress.
1854:
889:About 1000 to 1300 Fenians crossed the
775:69th Regiment of New York State Militia
14:
4480:
1801:
1726:from the original on November 12, 1996
1546:
1534:
1511:
4518:Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)
3262:
2893:
2205:
2076:Reminiscences of the Fenian Raid 1866
1878:
1876:
1829:
1144:was repulsed by the Canadian Militia.
719:
529:
443:
3540:Regulator Movement in North Carolina
1645:Log Entry, Friday June 1, 1866, USS
2123:American Nineteenth Century History
1258:, a Scottish immigrant, author of "
24:
2273:Physical force Irish republicanism
2025:
1873:
1811:General John O'Neill's Last Hurrah
1278:The Fenian raids caused increased
1039:, to oversee the situation in the
25:
4544:
3289:Colonial conflicts involving the
3163:Canada and the American Civil War
2145:
1005:The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry
3240:
3228:
3227:
2382:
1581:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1550:Dedham, Massachusetts, 1635–1890
1362:
1348:
1200:. About 35 men, led by O'Neill,
761:
469:
338:
294:
274:
261:
237:
226:
215:
204:
193:
181:
170:
159:
148:
129:
115:
101:
40:
3365:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
2280:Irish in the American Civil War
1996:
1983:
1969:
1954:
1936:
1905:
1892:
1848:
1823:
1769:
1756:
1711:
1701:
1692:
1679:
1669:
1652:
1639:
1627:
1557:from the original on 2021-04-28
1439:
1221:, by U.S. soldiers led Captain
3468:Father Rale's War/Dummer's War
1859:. Toronto: Allen Lane Canada.
1592:
1568:
1540:
1463:
1405:
1175:in the Northwest Territories.
1057:
832:
411:
13:
1:
3865:Black War (Van Diemen's Land)
3709:Castle Hill convict rebellion
2178:– Manitoba Historical Society
1553:. Dedham Historical Society.
1547:Hanson, Robert Brand (1976).
1456:
1393:List of wars involving Canada
935:Queen's Own Rifles of Toronto
4503:Irish Republican Brotherhood
3168:Mackenzie–Papineau Battalion
2848:The Irish People (newspaper)
2235:Irish Republican Brotherhood
1920:University of Michigan Press
1332:Queen's Own Rifles of Canada
1242:Canada General Service Medal
1232:
1152:, were able to wait for and
1008:was unfolding on the field.
7:
2338:Declaration of Independence
2176:The Fenian Raids, 1866–1870
1912:Bradley A. Rodgers (1996).
1586:University of Toronto Press
1341:
737:, which had offices in the
681:Protestant Irish immigrants
10:
4549:
4382:Jewish revolt in Palestine
4027:Fenian Rebellion in Canada
3672:Dwyer's guerrilla campaign
3564:American Revolutionary War
3173:Canada and the Vietnam War
3062:American Revolutionary War
2921:Military history of Canada
2873:Irish National Invincibles
2855:United Irishmen of America
2806:Emmet Monument Association
2130:Canadian Historical Review
1965:. Warfare History network.
1900:Canadian Historical Review
1285:Confederate Secret Service
1196:, to invade Manitoba near
1114:Colony of British Columbia
1110:Northwestern United States
1054:until he retired in 1870.
773:, a former colonel of the
572:American Revolutionary War
317:13 armed patrol steamboats
4216:
4153:Jameson Raid South Africa
3687:
3440:
3301:
3222:
3186:
3155:
3147:Intervention against ISIL
3067:French Revolutionary Wars
3004:
2927:
2864:
2841:Irish Freedom (newspaper)
2783:
2758:
2694:
2592:
2583:
2460:
2444:Irish War of Independence
2391:
2380:
2243:
2049:Goose Lane Edition. 2006.
1961:Peter Kross (Fall 2015).
1602:Goose Lane Edition. 2006.
1301:
1219:Pembina, Dakota Territory
1179:Manitoba-Minnesota border
1131:
819:United Province of Canada
724:
673:Irish-Canadian population
567:
479:
407:
371:
249:
141:
93:
61:April 1866 – October 1871
53:
39:
34:
4493:Battles involving Canada
4364:Arab revolt in Palestine
3961:Second Anglo-Burmese War
3703:Second Anglo-Maratha War
3594:Australian frontier wars
2827:Friends of Irish Freedom
2774:Francis Frederick Millen
2671:Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa
2430:Fenian dynamite campaign
1398:
1378:Fenian dynamite campaign
1126:Canadian Pacific Railway
939:Spencer repeating rifles
752:The Wearing of the Green
714:
4358:Second Mohmand campaign
4093:Third Anglo-Burmese War
4057:Second Anglo-Afghan War
3859:First Anglo-Burmese War
3835:Third Anglo-Maratha War
3666:Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
3576:Second Anglo-Mysore War
3570:First Anglo-Maratha War
3178:Canada and the Iraq War
3082:Rebellions of 1837–1838
2615:Edward O'Meagher Condon
2608:Ricard O'Sullivan Burke
2331:Hindu–German Conspiracy
1855:Vronsky, Peter (2011).
1388:List of Irish uprisings
1280:anti-American sentiment
992:and surrendered to the
631:Current Border Disputes
4513:Canadian Confederation
4508:Irish-American history
4298:Third Anglo-Afghan War
4183:First Mohmand campaign
3907:First Anglo-Afghan War
3606:Third Anglo-Mysore War
3052:Father Le Loutre's War
3022:Second Anglo-Dutch War
2308:Irish Race Conventions
2010:(in English and Irish)
1447:Canadian Confederation
1315:
1260:The Maple Leaf Forever
1245:
1145:
1067:
973:
957:
931:Enfield rifled muskets
901:'s side-wheel gunboat
799:Charles Hastings Doyle
778:
741:, hosted a meeting at
705:Canadian Confederation
166:George-Étienne Cartier
142:Commanders and leaders
85:Anglo-Canadian victory
4533:Wars involving Canada
3955:Second Anglo-Sikh War
3612:Cotiote (Wayanad) War
3498:French and Indian War
3214:Internment Camps WWII
3142:Intervention in Libya
3057:French and Indian War
3027:Third Anglo-Dutch War
2877:Phoenix Park killings
2834:Irish Republican Army
2601:Thomas Francis Bourke
2404:Clerkenwell explosion
2132:12.3 (1931): 238–261.
2125:12.3 (2011): 265–287.
1902:12.3 (1931): 238–261.
1309:
1240:
1202:William B. O'Donoghue
1194:Saint Paul, Minnesota
1161:Battle of Trout River
1139:
1093:Later raids (1870–71)
1083:Danville, Canada East
1065:
967:
951:
851:British North America
769:
731:Dedham, Massachusetts
687:against the Fenians.
666:withdraw from Ireland
658:British North America
372:Casualties and losses
4117:Hunza–Nagar Campaign
3925:First Anglo-Sikh War
3901:Egyptian–Ottoman War
3209:Internment Camps WWI
3097:North-West Rebellion
2092:41 (2015): 109–132.
2045:Dallsion, Robert L.
2038:Cumberland, Barlow.
1598:Dallsion, Robert L.
1328:Frelighsburg, Quebec
1272:Canadian nationalism
1262:" and member of the
1217:taken prisoner near
1214:Hudson's Bay Company
1154:turn back the attack
1037:Ogdensburg, New York
803:Halifax, Nova Scotia
4498:Conflicts in Canada
4370:Waziristan campaign
4304:Waziristan campaign
3997:Revolt of Rajab Ali
3474:War of Jenkins' Ear
3092:Red River Rebellion
2767:Thomas Miller Beach
2497:John O'Connor Power
2266:Irish republicanism
2105:Senior, H. (1996).
2081:MacDonald, John A.
1830:Regan, Ann (2002).
1584:(online ed.).
1430:particularly Canada
1426:intelligence agents
1150:Thomas Miller Beach
1142:raid at Eccles Hill
1014:J. Stoughton Dennis
986:Battle of Fort Erie
756:St. Albans, Vermont
177:J. Stoughton Dennis
4244:Bambatha Rebellion
4159:Anglo-Zanzibar War
4147:Chitral Expedition
4081:Anglo-Egyptian War
3853:Anglo-Ashanti wars
3558:Lord Dunmore's War
3516:Anglo-Cherokee War
3425:King William's War
3032:King William's War
2813:Fenian Brotherhood
2685:William R. Roberts
2657:Thomas Clarke Luby
2359:Anglo-Irish Treaty
2287:Manchester Martyrs
2169:2007-09-26 at the
2099:2020-06-28 at the
2067:2020-11-13 at the
1882:Senior, Hereward.
1832:Irish in Minnesota
1816:2012-03-07 at the
1620:2019-03-17 at the
1316:
1246:
1184:Canada across the
1165:Huntingdon, Quebec
1146:
1140:In 1870, a Fenian
1099:Canadian provinces
1068:
1052:United States Army
1041:St. Lawrence River
994:United States Navy
974:
958:
927:Battle of Ridgeway
849:or other parts of
847:Province of Canada
843:William R. Roberts
825:(now Ontario) and
779:
747:Harvard Law School
735:Fenian Brotherhood
720:Early raids (1866)
701:American Civil War
693:British assistance
662:British government
650:Fenian Brotherhood
421:and the colony of
419:Province of Canada
257:Prior to invasion:
136:Fenian Brotherhood
48:Battle of Ridgeway
4475:
4474:
4406:Malayan Emergency
4316:Malabar rebellion
4177:Siege of Malakand
4123:Anglo-Manipur War
3979:Anglo-Persian War
3528:Anglo-Spanish War
3480:King George's War
3401:King Philip's War
3377:Anglo-Spanish War
3256:
3255:
3247:Canada portal
3112:Russian Civil War
3047:King George's War
2887:
2886:
2754:
2753:
2724:Seán Mac Diarmada
2111:. Dundurn Press.
2074:Hunter, Charles.
2031:Beatty, Stephen.
1950:. August 4, 2014.
1820:by Michael Ruddy
1208:'s French-Indian
880:Buffalo, New York
811:Passamaquoddy Bay
809:and proceeded to
787:Campobello Island
639:
638:
619:Chesapeake Affair
522:
521:
484:Campobello Island
438:
437:
155:John A. Macdonald
89:
88:
16:(Redirected from
4540:
4528:Canadian Militia
4424:Cyprus Emergency
4250:Maritz rebellion
4238:Tibet expedition
4171:Benin Expedition
3991:Indian Rebellion
3985:Second Opium War
3967:Eureka Rebellion
3943:British Honduras
3919:New Zealand Wars
3504:Seven Years' War
3450:Queen Anne's War
3283:
3276:
3269:
3260:
3259:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3231:
3230:
3117:Second World War
3037:Queen Anne's War
2969:Crown and Forces
2950:Colonial militia
2945:Canadian Militia
2914:
2907:
2900:
2891:
2890:
2880:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2776:
2769:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2590:
2589:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2532:Denis McCullough
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2483:J. F. X. O'Brien
2478:
2471:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2386:
2375:
2373:Irish Free State
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2238:
2236:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2203:
2202:
2090:Studia Hibernica
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2000:
1994:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1929:9-7804-7206-6070
1909:
1903:
1896:
1890:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1827:
1821:
1808:
1799:
1796:
1785:
1784:
1779:. Archived from
1773:
1767:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1743:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1690:
1683:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1656:
1650:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1612:
1603:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1491:
1470:
1467:
1450:
1443:
1437:
1409:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1186:Dakota Territory
1169:Malone, New York
1156:at Eccles Hill.
1028:Ulysses S. Grant
954:Canadian Militia
923:Canadian Militia
807:British soldiers
654:Irish republican
562:
560:
550:
543:
536:
527:
526:
474:
464:
457:
450:
441:
440:
430:
415:
397:1 cannon seized
343:
342:
341:
311:British Regulars
304:
300:
298:
297:
286:Canadian Militia
279:
278:
266:
265:
242:
241:
240:
231:
230:
229:
220:
219:
218:
209:
208:
207:
198:
197:
196:
188:William O. Smith
186:
185:
175:
174:
164:
163:
153:
152:
134:
133:
132:
125:
121:
119:
118:
111:
107:
105:
104:
55:
54:
44:
32:
31:
21:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4412:Kenya Emergency
4218:
4212:
4207:Second Boer War
4201:Boxer Rebellion
4129:Pahang Uprising
4009:Ambela campaign
3931:Río de la Plata
3913:First Opium War
3895:Aden Expedition
3727:Río de la Plata
3689:
3683:
3654:Irish Rebellion
3546:First Carib War
3442:
3436:
3359:Confederate War
3353:Irish Rebellion
3303:
3297:
3287:
3257:
3252:
3241:
3239:
3218:
3182:
3151:
3137:Afghanistan War
3107:First World War
3017:Ango-French War
3000:
2923:
2918:
2888:
2883:
2871:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2750:
2745:Joseph Plunkett
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2585:
2579:
2574:Richard Mulcahy
2572:
2567:Michael Collins
2565:
2560:Patrick Moylett
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2518:John Mulholland
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2490:Charles Kickham
2488:
2481:
2476:Thomas J. Kelly
2474:
2467:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2398:
2387:
2378:
2371:
2366:Irish Civil War
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2171:Wayback Machine
2148:
2135:Vronsky, Peter
2101:Wayback Machine
2069:Wayback Machine
2028:
2026:Further reading
2023:
2022:
2013:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1989:Peter Vronsky,
1988:
1984:
1979:. Baraka Books.
1975:
1974:
1970:
1959:
1955:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1922:. p. 117.
1910:
1906:
1897:
1893:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1828:
1824:
1818:Wayback Machine
1809:
1802:
1797:
1788:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1762:Peter Vronsky,
1761:
1757:
1737:
1736:
1729:
1727:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1685:Peter Vronsky,
1684:
1680:
1674:
1670:
1657:
1653:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1628:
1622:Wayback Machine
1613:
1606:
1597:
1593:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1560:
1558:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1493:
1492:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1444:
1440:
1417:commerce raider
1410:
1406:
1401:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1304:
1296:St. Albans Raid
1235:
1181:
1134:
1095:
1060:
1021:U. S. President
972:, 30 June 1866.
952:Members of the
835:
801:, stationed at
764:
743:Temperance Hall
733:chapter of the
727:
722:
717:
642:
641:
640:
635:
587:Western theater
563:
558:
556:
554:
524:
523:
518:
475:
470:
468:
434:
433:
416:
412:
402:
398:
396:
394:
392:
387:
383:
382:
380:
378:
361:
350:
346:
345:850+ (May 1866)
344:
339:
337:
318:
314:
305:
295:
293:
280:
273:
269:
267:
260:
259:
238:
236:
235:
233:Samuel P. Spear
227:
225:
224:
216:
214:
213:
205:
203:
202:
194:
192:
180:
179:
169:
168:
158:
157:
147:
130:
128:
116:
114:
112:
102:
100:
77:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4546:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4463:
4457:
4451:
4445:
4439:
4433:
4427:
4421:
4415:
4409:
4403:
4397:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4352:Barzani revolt
4349:
4343:
4337:
4331:
4325:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4271:
4265:
4259:
4253:
4247:
4241:
4235:
4229:
4222:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4189:Tirah campaign
4186:
4180:
4174:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4132:
4126:
4120:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4099:Central Africa
4096:
4090:
4084:
4078:
4072:
4069:First Boer War
4066:
4060:
4054:
4051:Anglo-Zulu War
4048:
4042:
4036:
4030:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3916:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3868:
3862:
3856:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3739:Froberg mutiny
3736:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3693:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3651:
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3419:Williamite War
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2928:History of ...
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2823:
2820:Fianna Éireann
2816:
2809:
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2799:Cumann na mBan
2795:
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2777:
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2146:External links
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2043:
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1889:. 1991, p.138.
1872:
1865:
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1783:on 2009-05-11.
1768:
1755:
1720:"The Fenians!"
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1638:
1626:
1604:
1591:
1576:"Fenian raids"
1567:
1539:
1537:, p. 241.
1516:
1514:, p. 240.
1504:
1499:britannica.com
1495:"Fenian Raids"
1471:
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1411:Most notably:
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1356:History portal
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1310:A monument at
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1234:
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1101:of Quebec and
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925:troops at the
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862:(now southern
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3534:Pontiac's War
3532:
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3486:Carnatic Wars
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3456:Tuscarora War
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2764:
2763:
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2757:
2746:
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2739:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2717:Bulmer Hobson
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2703:Éamonn Ceannt
2700:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2664:John O'Mahony
2661:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2636:Timothy Deasy
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
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2616:
2612:
2609:
2605:
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2598:
2597:
2595:
2591:
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2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2525:Seamus Deakin
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2508:
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2473:
2470:
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2459:
2452:
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2445:
2441:
2438:
2437:Easter Rising
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2400:Fenian Rising
2397:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2301:New Departure
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2252:Young Ireland
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2237:
2227:
2222:
2220:
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2208:
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2197:
2196:
2192:
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2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2160:Michael Ruddy
2159:
2156:
2154:Peter Vronsky
2153:
2152:"Fenians.org"
2150:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2117:1-55002-085-4
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2110:
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2063:
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2055:
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2048:
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2041:
2037:
2034:
2030:
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2009:
2005:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1978:
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1949:
1945:
1939:
1931:
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1921:
1917:
1916:
1908:
1901:
1895:
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1887:Dundurn Press
1885:
1879:
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1866:9780143182849
1862:
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1841:0-87351-419-X
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1815:
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1772:
1765:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1730:September 23,
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1513:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1469:Senior p. 191
1466:
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1448:
1442:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:Fenian Rising
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1370:Canada portal
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1293:
1291:
1286:
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1257:
1252:
1251:Confederation
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1215:
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1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
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1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1087:Rifle Brigade
1084:
1080:
1079:Timothy O'Hea
1076:
1074:
1064:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
978:Port Colborne
971:
966:
962:
955:
950:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
918:
913:
911:
907:
906:
900:
896:
892:
891:Niagara River
887:
885:
884:Welland Canal
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
852:
848:
844:
840:
830:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:John O'Mahony
776:
772:
771:John O'Mahony
768:
762:New Brunswick
759:
757:
753:
748:
744:
740:
739:Norfolk House
736:
732:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
634:
633:
632:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
604:Aroostook War
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
574:
573:
570:
569:
566:
561:
551:
546:
544:
539:
537:
532:
531:
528:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
478:
473:
465:
460:
458:
453:
451:
446:
445:
442:
428:
427:Confederation
424:
423:New Brunswick
420:
414:
410:
406:
401:
390:
386:
376:
375:
370:
364:
363:
362:
360:
353:
352:
351:
349:
336:
335:Start of war:
332:
327:
326:
325:
324:
316:
312:
308:
307:
306:
303:
287:
283:
282:
281:
277:
272:
271:Start of war:
264:
258:
254:
253:
248:
245:
234:
223:
212:
211:Thomas Sweeny
201:
200:John O'Mahony
191:
189:
184:
178:
173:
167:
162:
156:
151:
146:
145:
140:
137:
127:
124:
110:
98:
97:
92:
84:
81:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
64:
60:
57:
56:
52:
49:
43:
38:
33:
19:
4488:Fenian Raids
4310:Iraqi Revolt
4165:Matabeleland
4141:North Borneo
4135:Matabeleland
4087:Saskatchewan
4026:
3889:Upper Canada
3883:Lower Canada
3841:Persian Gulf
3757:Persian Gulf
3697:Newfoundland
3678:Polygar Wars
3648:Kandyan Wars
3600:Nootka Sound
3238:
3226:
3204:Peacekeeping
3194:Bibliography
3087:Fenian raids
3086:
3077:Pemmican War
3042:Dummer's War
2996:Peacekeeping
2964:Conscription
2792:Clan na Gael
2695:20th century
2593:19th century
2553:Harry Boland
2546:Seán McGarry
2511:Neal O'Boyle
2504:John O'Leary
2408:Fenian raids
2407:
2321:
2193:
2137:
2129:
2122:
2106:
2089:
2082:
2046:
2012:. Retrieved
2008:www.hmdb.org
2007:
1998:
1990:
1985:
1971:
1956:
1938:
1914:
1907:
1899:
1894:
1883:
1856:
1850:
1831:
1825:
1781:the original
1771:
1763:
1758:
1728:. Retrieved
1713:
1703:
1694:
1686:
1681:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1646:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1599:
1594:
1588:. 1979–2016.
1579:
1570:
1559:. Retrieved
1549:
1542:
1507:
1498:
1465:
1441:
1419:
1407:
1336:
1320:Queen's Park
1317:
1312:Queen's Park
1289:
1277:
1268:
1264:Orange Order
1247:
1227:
1223:Loyd Wheaton
1191:
1182:
1158:
1147:
1107:
1096:
1077:
1069:
1049:
1032:George Meade
1030:and General
1018:
1010:
1001:form squares
998:
989:
975:
959:
921:
914:
909:
904:
895:John O'Neill
888:
856:T. W. Sweeny
836:
827:Lower Canada
823:Upper Canada
780:
728:
689:
685:Orange Order
670:
646:Fenian raids
645:
643:
629:
628:
624:Fenian raids
623:
614:Trent Affair
472:Fenian Raids
471:
413:
399:
395:59 captured
384:
381:54 captured
358:
357:
347:
334:
333:
322:
321:
291:
270:
256:
255:
222:John O'Neill
94:Belligerents
35:Fenian Raids
4430:Suez Crisis
4328:Transjordan
4232:West Africa
4209:(1899–1902)
4203:(1898–1901)
4195:Six-Day War
4143:(1894–1905)
4131:(1891–1895)
4111:Mashonaland
4075:Mahdist War
4015:Shimonoseki
3945:(1847–1901)
3855:(1824–1901)
3823:Cape Colony
3721:Cape Colony
3680:(1799–1805)
3674:(1799–1803)
3662:(1798–1800)
3650:(1796–1818)
3624:Cape Colony
3614:(1793–1806)
3596:(1788–1934)
3492:Nova Scotia
3462:Yamasee War
3433:(1694–1700)
3407:Child's War
3395:2nd Tangier
3389:1st Tangier
3385:(1655–1739)
3335:Saint Kitts
3313:(1593–1603)
3072:War of 1812
3012:Beaver Wars
2986:Nova Scotia
2865:Derivatives
2539:Thomas Ashe
2451:Army Mutiny
1535:Hanson 1976
1512:Hanson 1976
1421:CSS Alabama
1173:Trout River
1073:Pigeon Hill
1058:Canada East
970:Canada East
943:Springfield
868:Canada East
860:Canada West
833:Canada West
821:, formerly
815:Nova Scotia
699:during the
697:Confederacy
599:Patriot War
594:War of 1812
582:Nova Scotia
509:Trout River
504:Eccles Hill
499:Pigeon Hill
425:; prior to
393:48 wounded
379:53 wounded
18:Fenian Raid
4523:Proxy wars
4482:Categories
4334:Pink's War
4226:Somaliland
4063:Basutoland
3817:Guadeloupe
3799:Xhosa Wars
3781:Seychelles
3763:Guadeloupe
3751:Martinique
3618:Rohilkhand
3582:Gold Coast
3552:Rohilkhand
3510:Bengal War
3347:Pequot War
3199:Operations
3127:Korean War
2974:New France
2784:Associates
2759:Informants
2710:Tom Clarke
2643:John Devoy
2584:Prominent
2461:Presidents
2323:Fenian Ram
2014:2024-01-27
1561:2021-05-23
1457:References
1290:Chesapeake
1206:Louis Riel
1118:Royal Navy
1043:area. The
817:, and the
795:Royal Navy
391:24 killed
377:35 killed
313:(May 1866)
288:(May 1866)
244:Owen Starr
4466:Falklands
4462:(1963–67)
4456:(1962–66)
4450:(1962–90)
4438:(1962–76)
4426:(1955–59)
4420:(1954–59)
4414:(1952–60)
4408:(1948–60)
4402:(1946–50)
4394:Indonesia
4390:(1945–46)
4388:Indochina
4384:(1944–48)
4372:(1936–39)
4366:(1936–39)
4354:(1931–32)
4348:(1930–31)
4342:(1927–30)
4324:(1922–24)
4322:Kurdistan
4306:(1919–20)
4282:(1916–17)
4262:Nyasaland
4258:(1914–15)
4252:(1914–15)
4240:(1903–04)
4234:(1901–02)
4228:(1900–20)
4191:(1897–98)
4185:(1897–98)
4167:(1896–97)
4137:(1893–94)
4101:(1886–89)
4077:(1881–99)
4071:(1880–81)
4065:(1880–81)
4059:(1879–80)
4047:(1875–76)
4033:Abyssinia
4029:(1866–71)
4023:(1864–65)
4011:(1863–64)
4003:Kagoshima
3999:(1857–58)
3993:(1857–59)
3987:(1856–60)
3981:(1856–57)
3975:(1854–56)
3973:Åland War
3957:(1848–49)
3933:(1845–50)
3927:(1845–46)
3921:(1845–72)
3915:(1839–42)
3909:(1839–42)
3903:(1839–41)
3891:(1837–38)
3885:(1837–38)
3879:(1831–33)
3873:(1831–32)
3867:(1828–32)
3861:(1824–26)
3837:(1817–18)
3813:(1814–16)
3807:(1812–15)
3801:(1811–79)
3795:(1810–11)
3775:Mauritius
3747:(1808–09)
3729:(1806–07)
3705:(1803–05)
3668:(1798–99)
3638:(1795–96)
3632:(1795–96)
3608:(1789–92)
3584:(1781–82)
3578:(1779–84)
3572:(1775–82)
3566:(1775–83)
3554:(1773–74)
3548:(1769–73)
3542:(1765–71)
3536:(1763–66)
3530:(1762–63)
3518:(1758–61)
3512:(1756–65)
3506:(1756–63)
3500:(1754–63)
3494:(1749–55)
3488:(1746–63)
3482:(1744–48)
3476:(1740–42)
3470:(1722–25)
3464:(1715–17)
3458:(1711–15)
3452:(1702–13)
3427:(1688–97)
3421:(1688–91)
3409:(1686–90)
3403:(1675–78)
3379:(1654–60)
3373:(1654–67)
3367:(1649–53)
3361:(1641–53)
3349:(1634–38)
3319:(1609–46)
3005:Conflicts
2935:Air Force
2678:Pat Nally
2622:John Daly
2352:Sinn Féin
2294:Cuba Five
2259:Fenianism
1948:Maclean's
1233:Aftermath
1128:in 1886.
1122:Vancouver
1045:U.S. Army
982:Lake Erie
980:, at the
903:USS
899:U.S. Navy
876:Fort Erie
709:provinces
707:, as the
494:Fort Erie
75:Minnesota
4454:Malaysia
4376:Ethiopia
4274:Peshawar
4039:Manitoba
4021:Duar War
3317:Virginia
3233:Category
3156:See also
3132:Gulf War
3122:Cold War
3102:Boer War
2423:Land War
2167:Archived
2097:Archived
2065:Archived
1814:Archived
1740:cite web
1724:Archived
1647:Michigan
1618:Archived
1555:Archived
1432:and the
1342:See also
1294:and the
1198:Winnipeg
1103:Manitoba
990:Michigan
917:Ridgeway
910:Michigan
905:Michigan
797:officer
489:Ridgeway
429:in 1867.
359:In 1871:
348:In 1870:
323:In 1870:
250:Strength
66:Location
4448:Sarawak
4400:Sarawak
4292:Nigeria
4280:Mohmand
4268:Nigeria
4219:century
3877:Malacca
3871:Jamaica
3829:Algiers
3769:Reunion
3715:Surinam
3690:century
3636:Grenada
3630:Jamaica
3522:Jamaica
3443:century
3383:Jamaica
3311:Ireland
3304:century
3291:English
2991:Mi'kmaq
2586:members
2392:Actions
2244:General
1434:Bahamas
1324:Toronto
864:Ontario
781:Led by
695:to the
677:Fenians
609:Pig War
514:Pembina
328:13,000+
284:20,000
4468:(1982)
4444:(1962)
4442:Brunei
4432:(1956)
4396:(1945)
4378:(1943)
4360:(1935)
4336:(1925)
4330:(1923)
4318:(1921)
4312:(1920)
4300:(1919)
4294:(1918)
4288:(1917)
4286:Quebec
4276:(1915)
4270:(1915)
4264:(1915)
4246:(1906)
4197:(1899)
4179:(1897)
4173:(1897)
4161:(1896)
4155:(1896)
4149:(1895)
4125:(1891)
4119:(1891)
4113:(1890)
4107:(1888)
4105:Hazara
4095:(1885)
4089:(1885)
4083:(1882)
4053:(1879)
4041:(1870)
4035:(1868)
4017:(1864)
4005:(1863)
3969:(1854)
3963:(1852)
3951:(1848)
3949:Ceylon
3939:(1847)
3937:Canton
3897:(1839)
3849:(1823)
3847:Guiana
3843:(1819)
3831:(1816)
3825:(1815)
3819:(1815)
3789:(1810)
3783:(1810)
3777:(1810)
3771:(1810)
3765:(1810)
3759:(1809)
3753:(1809)
3741:(1807)
3735:(1807)
3723:(1806)
3717:(1804)
3711:(1804)
3699:(1800)
3656:(1798)
3644:(1795)
3642:Ceylon
3626:(1795)
3620:(1794)
3602:(1789)
3590:(1786)
3560:(1774)
3524:(1762)
3415:(1687)
3397:(1664)
3391:(1662)
3371:Acadia
3355:(1641)
3343:(1628)
3341:Quebec
3337:(1626)
3331:(1622)
3325:(1612)
3323:Swally
2979:Acadia
2115:
2094:online
2085:. 1910
2062:online
1926:
1863:
1838:
1708:Canada
1302:Memory
1292:Affair
1132:Quebec
872:Quebec
866:) and
725:Dedham
577:Quebec
400:Total:
385:Total:
299:
120:
109:Canada
106:
82:Result
4346:Tirah
4256:Tochi
4045:Perak
3811:Nepal
3733:Egypt
3660:Malta
3588:Assam
3431:Ghana
3329:Ormuz
3187:Lists
1399:Notes
1210:Métis
878:from
791:Maine
715:Raids
652:, an
4460:Aden
4436:Oman
4418:Oman
4217:20th
3793:Java
3688:19th
3441:18th
3413:Siam
3302:17th
2959:Navy
2940:Army
2406:and
2113:ISBN
1924:ISBN
1861:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1750:link
1746:link
1732:2021
1159:The
729:The
644:The
354:600~
309:900
73:and
58:Date
3805:USA
664:to
403:131
388:142
365:40~
4484::
2006:.
1946:.
1918:.
1875:^
1803:^
1789:^
1742:}}
1738:{{
1722:.
1607:^
1578:.
1519:^
1497:.
1474:^
1322:,
1225:.
1105:.
996:.
945:.
679:.
3293:/
3282:e
3275:t
3268:v
2913:e
2906:t
2899:v
2879:)
2875:(
2410:)
2402:(
2225:e
2218:t
2211:v
2071:.
2017:.
1932:.
1869:.
1844:.
1752:)
1734:.
1564:.
1501:.
1436:.
549:e
542:t
535:v
463:e
456:t
449:v
20:)
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