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646:, to the prince, ten years old at the time. At first, Philip did not particularly take to Olivares. Over the course of at least a year, however, the relationship became very close, with Philip's tendency towards underconfidence and diffidence counteracted by Olivares' drive and determination. Olivares rapidly became Philip's most trusted advisor, and when Philip ascended the throne in 1621, at the age of sixteen, he showed his confidence in Olivares by ordering that all papers requiring the royal signature should first be sent to the count-duke. Philip retained Olivares as his confidant and chief minister for the next twenty years.
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policies during 1641–1642, however, and it has been suggested that Philip paid more attention to policy making than has traditionally been depicted; some recent histories go so far as to describe him as 'conscientious' in policy making, although he is still criticized for his failure to make timely decisions. Philip himself argued that it was hardly appropriate for the King himself to go house to house amongst his ministers to see if his instructions were being carried out. The close relationship between Philip and
Olivares was demonstrated by their portraits' being placed side by side at the
479:
1259:, the 'Planet King', by his contemporaries, and much of the art and display at his court has been interpreted in the context of his need to project power and authority, over both Spaniards and foreigners alike. Older interpretations, which perceived Philip's court as being completely decadent, have been largely superseded, but the art and symbolism of the period certainly did not reflect the wider threat and decline of Spanish power. Indeed, the limited Spanish military successes of the period were celebrated by royal artists to a disproportionate extent. Numerous artists from the
42:
1304:. Work began modestly in 1631, with the magnificent, if costly, 'Hall of Thrones', completed by 1635. The palace included its own 'theatre, ballroom, galleries, bull ring, gardens, and artificial lakes', and became the centre for artists and dramatists from across Europe. The palace was built during one of the more difficult periods of Philip's reign. Given both its cost, in a time of stringent wartime savings, and the protest that ensued from a disgruntled public, it is considered to have been an important part of the attempt to communicate royal grandeur and authority.
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1378:, a prioress known for her religious writings. He asked her to correspond with him and to advise him in spiritual matters. The two became regular correspondents throughout the remainder of their lives. This is documented in over 600 confidential letters between them over a period of twenty-two years. Philip clearly believed that Maria could intercede with God on his behalf and provide advice on what God wished him to do, to improve Spain's failing fortunes. Most believe that Philip was involved in protecting Maria from the
894:
1073:'. This would have involved establishing a force of 140,000 paid soldiers, supported by equitable taxes from across the Empire, and has been termed 'the most far-sighted proposal of any statesman of the age'; in practice, however, it met fierce opposition from the various regional assemblies and the plan was withdrawn. During the 1620s, again influenced by a desire to reform Spanish life for the better, Philip also passed considerable legislation with puritanical overtones. In 1623, he closed all the legal
1344:, they undertook special religious ceremonies together under the gaze of the painting. Philip also had a large standard made with the image of the painting on one side and the royal coat of arms on the other, brought out in processions each year on 12 July. As well as marking a strong personal religious belief, this increasingly visible link between the crown, the Church and national symbols such as the Virgin of Miracles, represented a key pillar of support for Philip as king.
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1355:, a 14th-century role model of a 'perfect queen', to great effect, ultimately paying for a lavish celebration in Lisbon after her canonisation in 1625. Internationally, it was important for Spanish prestige for her to receive at least a proportionate and ideally greater, share of new saints than other Catholic kingdoms, and Philip sponsored a flurry of texts and books supporting Spain's candidates, particularly in competition with Catholic France.
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520:, who died at the age of sixteen in 1646. The death of his son deeply shocked the King, who appears to have been a good father by the standards of the day. Elisabeth was able to conspire with other Spanish nobles to remove Olivares from the court in 1643, and for a brief period she held considerable influence over Philip; by the time of her death, however, she was out of favour, following manoeuvering by Olivares' successor and nephew,
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984:. Throughout the period there was no 'weakening of the importance attached to naval forces' by the King, who argued that joint land and naval operations were essential. Some of his conclusions on naval policy were quite advanced: after the peace of 1648, Philip argued that the Dutch fleets off the Spanish peninsula were actually good for trade, despite concerns from his senior officials, since they provided protection against the
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and men from this source was increasingly limited. Philip and his government were desperately trying to reduce the responsibilities of the central government in response to the overstretch of the war, and various reform ideas that might have been pursued during the 1620s were rejected on this basis. Financial restraints and higher taxes were put in place, but Philip was increasingly selling off
606:'s contemporary description of Philip's key weakness – that 'he mistrusts himself, and defers to others too much' — remains relevant. Although Philip's Catholic beliefs no longer attract criticism from English language writers, Philip is still felt to have been 'unduly pious' in his personal life. Notably, from the 1640s onwards he sought the advice and counsel of a noted cloistered abbess, Sor
964:. Shortly after taking power, he began to increase the size of his fleets, rapidly doubling the size of the naval budget from the start of his reign, and then tripling it. Philip is credited with a 'sensible, pragmatic approach' to provisioning and controlling it. He was prepared to involve himself in considerable details of naval policy; he was commenting on the detail of provisions for the
1220:, a new invention from Italy not used in commercial theatre at the time. Some writers have likened the illusion of Baroque royal theatre to the illusion of kingly power the performances were designed to reinforce. Some recent scholarship has suggested that Philip's financial sponsorship of playwrights, however, may have been less extensive than once thought.
840:, Spain remained a strong opponent. But from 1640 onwards, a period which saw large-scale revolts across Spanish territories in protest against the rising costs of the conflict, Spain was finding it difficult to sustain the war. Philip reacted to the increased French threat by finally abandoning his 'Netherlands first' strategy; resources for the
1231:; mutual contacts caused him to become known to Olivares, who came from the same region. Velázquez was summoned to Madrid by the King in 1624. Despite some jealousy from the existing court painters, Velázquez rapidly became a success with Philip, being retained for the rest of his career until his death, painting a celebration of the
678:, Lerma's son, who had initially helped de Zúñiga remove his own father from office to advance his own position. Philip's initial announcements reflected an intent to reform the monarchy to the sober, moral position it had been under his grandfather, including selecting ministers whose grandfathers had served under Philip II.
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have been particularly bellicose; early on he noted that having inherited such a large empire, war somewhere across his domains was an inevitable condition, and he appeared genuinely upset when he came to power and contemplated how much the people of
Castile had paid 'in blood' to support the wars of his royal predecessors.
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poetry with a humorous touch. A keen theatre-goer, he was sometimes criticized by contemporaries for his love of these 'frivolous' entertainments. Others have captured his private personality as 'naturally kind, gentle and affable'. Those close to him claimed he was academically competent, with a good grasp of
741:, a nephew of Olivares and a childhood playmate of Philip's, and the counter-reform of the committee system halted. De Haro has not been highly regarded by historians; the comment of one, that de Haro was the 'embodiment of mediocrity', is not atypical. After de Haro's death in 1661, Olivares' son-in-law,
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Privately, Philip appears to have had a lighter persona. When he was younger, he was said to have a keen sense of humor and a 'great sense of fun'. He privately attended 'academies' in Madrid throughout his reign – these were lighthearted literary salons, aiming to analyze contemporary literature and
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The results were not entirely as hoped. The grandees dragooned into service in this way were disinclined to spend years learning the normal professional military skill set; they wished 'to start out as generals and soldiers on the same day', to quote one disgruntled career soldier. By the 1630s, the
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During the emergency of 1640–1643, Philip appears to have had a crisis of faith. Philip genuinely believed the success or failure of his policies represented God's favour and judgement on his actions. The combination of the revolts, the French advances and the loss of his trusted favourite
Olivares
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By the 1630s, Philip's domestic policies were being increasingly impacted by the financial pressures of the Thirty Years' War, and in particular the growing war with France. The costs of the war were huge, and whilst they had largely fallen upon
Castile, the ability of the crown to raise more funds
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in 1621 in an attempt to bring the provinces to the negotiating table with the aim of achieving a peace treaty favourable to
Spanish global interests. Philip's government would pursue a 'Netherlands first' strategy throughout the war until 1643. Despite this shift in policy, Philip does not seem to
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offering various advice on how to solve Spain's various ills; this advice could, and would, be given in person by those of the lower classes to the King on suitable occasions, provided it was presented with the aim of strengthening the crown. Those debates extended to the nature of the monarchy. It
1371:. The mystics' principal advice centred on the importance of the King rejecting Olivares' replacement, de Haro and the remaining pro-Olivares nobles at court. The various mystics were not acceptable to broader Spanish noble opinion and, with de Haro's encouragement, they were ultimately dismissed.
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Early in his reign, Philip would be woken by
Olivares in the morning to discuss the day's affairs and would meet with him twice more during the day, although later this routine declined until the King would hold only one short meeting on policy with Olivares each day. Philip intervened far more in
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contentious issue for the less favoured provinces. This loose system had successfully resisted reform and higher taxation before, ironically resulting in Spain's having had historically, up until the 1640s at least, fewer than the usual number of fiscal revolts for an early modern
European state.
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Philip was idealized by his contemporaries as the model of
Baroque kingship. Outwardly he maintained a bearing of rigid solemnity; foreign visitors described him as being so impassive in public he resembled a statue, and he was said to have been seen to laugh only three times in the course of his
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of Philip IV. Each part had different taxation, privileges and military arrangements; in practice, the level of taxation in many of the more peripheral provinces was less than that in
Castile, but the privileged position of the Castilian nobility at all senior levels of royal appointment was a
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In 1640, Philip IV's initial strategy to undermine the new
Portuguese government involved dividing the extensive border shared between Portugal and Castile into military districts. Each district would be overseen by the highest-ranking nobleman on the Castilian side. For example, the
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entire public life. Philip certainly had a strong sense of his 'royal dignity', but was also extensively coached by Olivares in how to resemble the Baroque model of a sovereign, which would form a key political tool for Philip throughout his reign. Philip was a fine horseman, a keen
666:— an act unheard of in Europe at the time. Philip's relationship with Olivares, however, was not a simplistic one. The pair had many rows and arguments over the course of their relationship, both as a result of their different personalities and differences of opinion over policies.
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In the first years of his reign, heavily influenced by his royal favourite Olivares, Philip focused on efforts to reform the most chaotic aspects of this system. Frustrated by the notorious slowness of the system of royal councils, Philip supported Olivares' establishment of
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Much shaken by events, Philip's solution was to remove his royal favourite Olivares from office in 1643 in an attempt to compromise with the Spanish elite. He announced he would rule alone, rejecting both the concept of a royal favourite as first minister and the system of
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government, which he began to dismantle in favour of the older system of royal councils. Clemency was shown to the Duke of Medina Sidonia. The situation began to stabilise, and before long Philip felt secure enough to revert to his preferred method of government.
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and its rituals played an important part in Philip's life, especially towards the end of his reign. Depressed by events across his domains, he became increasingly concerned with religious affairs. In particular, Philip paid special devotion to a painting of the
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rebellions of 1648 by continuing the fight; he took personal responsibility for the decision to start a fresh, and ultimately successful, offensive against the French in Catalonia in 1651. True victory over France never emerged, however, and by 1658, after the
516:, his key minister, later deliberately tried to keep the two apart to maintain his influence, encouraging Philip to take mistresses instead, by whom he is known to have had at least 30 progeny. Philip had ten children with Elisabeth, with only one being a son,
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Philip has in the past been considered to be 'unimaginative' in his politics, but recent histories have stressed the more radical elements of his first two decades in power. There was a febrile atmosphere in Spain in the early 17th century, with numerous
567:. Historians' estimation of Philip gradually improved in the 20th century, with comparisons between Philip and his father being increasingly positive – some noting that he possessed much more energy, both mental and physical, than his diffident father.
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King was waiving the usual rules to enable promotion to higher ranks on a shorter timescale, and having to pay significantly inflated salaries to get grandees to take up even these appointments. The performance of these officers at battles such as
732:
Following Olivares' fall from power amidst the crisis of 1640–1643, the victim of failed policies and jealousy from the nobles excluded from power, Philip initially announced that he would rule alone, becoming in effect his own first minister. The
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bankers – who had proved uncooperative in recent years – by declaring a state bankruptcy. With the Genoese debt now removed, Olivares hoped to turn to indigenous bankers for renewed funds. In practice, the plan was a disaster. The
821:. Strategically this was to prove a disaster. Despite fresh Spanish successes in the mid-1630s – in particular, the triumph of Philip's government in raising a fresh Spanish army, marching it into Germany to defeat the Swedish-led
610:, exchanging many letters with her. This did not stop Philip for becoming known for his numerous affairs, particularly with actresses, as encouraged by the Count-Duke Olivares. The most famous of these affairs was with the actress
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from his father, spanning the known world, but many of his most difficult challenges as king would stem from domestic problems in Spain itself. Spain in the early 17th century was a collection of possessions – the kingdoms of
829:– the increased tensions with France made war between the two Catholic states increasingly inevitable. Olivares advised Philip that the coming war with France would be all or nothing; Spain would win or fall by the result.
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for Philip. The King and Velázquez shared common interests in horses, dogs and art, and in private they formed an easy, relaxed relationship over the years. Philip supported a number of other prominent painters, including
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opinion. Under the influence of de Zúñiga and Olivares, however, Philip was then quick to place Lerma's estates – expanded considerably during his long period as favorite – under administration, and to remove from office
1100:, which had become increasingly unstable during the reign of his father and grandfather, but in practice, inflation soared. Partly this was because in 1627 Olivares had attempted to deal with the problem of Philip's
1164:, where he had been commanding the army, he found only one of the Castilian nobility arrived at court on Easter Day 1641. The threat of Philip's being deposed by the grandees of Castile seemed increasingly real.
642:. De Zúñiga regarded it as essential that the Sandovals be unable to gain an influence over the future king; de Zúñiga first began to develop his own influence over Prince Philip, and then introduced his nephew,
550:
Perceptions of Philip's personality have altered considerably over time. Victorian authors were inclined to portray him as a weak individual, delegating excessively to his ministers, and ruling over a debauched
793:. Once Philip himself came to power, he was convinced by de Zúñiga, appointed his principal foreign minister, and Olivares that he should commit Spain to a more aggressive foreign policy in alliance with the
1160:, possibly attempting to reproduce the Braganzas' success in Portugal. Although Philip and Olivares were able to repress the ducal revolt, Philip had found himself increasingly isolated. On his return from
8189:
Elliott, El conde-duque, 591–92; Rafael Valladares, La guerra olvidada: Ciudad Rodrigo y su comarca durante la Restauración de Portugal (1640–1668) (Ciudad Rodrigo: Centro de Estudios Mirobrigenses, 1988).
713:, who promoted religiously inspired, stoic self-sacrifice and a view of Habsburg family-led hegemony respectively. Whilst at one level conservative – harking back in foreign policy to the period of
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process and could utilise this for domestic or international political effect. Philip, for example, keen to reach out to his Portuguese subjects, put his considerable influence behind the case for
1132:. An alliance of Catalan rebels and French royal forces proved challenging to suppress, and in trying to mobilise Portuguese noble support for the war, Olivares triggered a second uprising.
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rights, along with much of the royal estate to fund the conflict. It has been argued that the fiscal stringencies of the 1630s, combined with the strength and role of Olivares and the
980:, Philip remained closely interested in his navy, including ensuring ministerial attention. In 1646, de Haro was personally involved in supplying and equipping the Atlantic fleet from
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in 1624. By the end of the decade, however, Philip's government was faced with the question of whether to prioritise the war in Flanders or Spain's relationship with France during the
1252:. Philip obtained paintings from across Europe, especially Italy, accumulating over 4,000 by the time of his death; some have termed this unparalleled assemblage a 'mega-collection'.
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system of government began to be dismantled in favour of the older council system. In due course, however, this personal rule reverted to rule through a royal favourite, initially
1153:
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916:, or a lack of leadership. In keeping with their wider agenda of renewing the concepts of duty, service and aristocratic tradition, the King agreed to efforts to introduce more
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took the first priority. Shortly after Rocroi, Philip – now having had to dismiss his favourite, Olivares – issued instructions to his ambassadors to seek a peace treaty. The
1088:
717:, invoking traditional values at home – Philip's policies were also radical, rejecting the policy towards the rebellious Dutch that had held since 1609, entering into the
8771:
12049:, under whom the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united, forming the Kingdom of Spain. Previously, the title Infante had been largely used in the different realms.
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Goodman, Eleanor (2005). "Conspicuous In Her Absence: Mariana of Austria, Juan José of Austria, and the Representation of Her Power". In Earenfight, Theresa (ed.).
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and chief minister for almost all of his reign. Philip IV came to power as the influence of the Sandovals was being undermined by a new noble coalition, led by Don
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Generations are numbered by male-line descent from the first archdukes. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished in 1919.
1677:, which was mainly due to organic causes largely beyond the control of any one ruler. Philip IV died in 1665, expressing the pious hope that his surviving son,
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halted. The spark of reform from Philip's earlier years never returned, however. The Catalan rebellion dragged on for several years. In 1652, the Spanish army
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King Philip IV had many extramarital affairs, and an unknown but large number of illegitimate children, estimated around thirty. Only two were legitimized.
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Philip IV's reign, after a few years of inconclusive successes, was characterized by political and military adversity. He has been held responsible for the
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The 'Planet King' also invested in a new palace to display both his art and the ritual of court. Through Olivares, Philip commenced the building of the
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A crisis came in 1640. An attempt by Olivares to intervene in Catalonia to deal with the French invasion threat resulted in revolt and the years long
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in the Netherlands and the wars in Germany, but the conflict with France dragged on. Philip responded to the perceived weakness of France during the
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Philip has been remembered both for the 'astonishing enthusiasm' with which he collected art and for his love of theatre. On the stage, he favoured
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1125:, effectively cut Philip off from the three traditional pillars of support for the monarchy: the grandees, the Church and the Council of Castile.
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462:, a process to which Philip contributed with his inability to achieve successful domestic and military reform. He was succeeded on his death by
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that ensued from 1635 onwards was not a foregone conclusion. Early Spanish successes threatened Paris, and even after the Spanish defeat at
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559:, encouraged by the gentlemen entrusted by the King with his education. The doctors who treated the Prince at that time in fact diagnosed
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1216:, and other distinguished dramatists. Philip has been credited with a share in the composition of several comedies. Court theatre used
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Aged 44 in 1649, Philip remarried, following the deaths of both Elisabeth and his only son. His choice of his second wife, 14-year-old
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591:, and could speak French, Portuguese and Italian well. Like many of his contemporaries, including Olivares, he had a keen interest in
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in 1661 – but the latter was sickly and considered in frequent danger of dying, making the line of inheritance potentially uncertain.
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During the reign of Philip's father, Philip III, the royal court had been dominated by the Sandoval noble family, most strikingly by
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The 1620s were good years for Spanish foreign policy: the war with the Dutch went well, albeit at great expense, culminating in the
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had reached approximately 12.2 million square kilometres (4.7 million square miles) in area but in other aspects was in
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in doubt, there was a real possibility of Juan José's claiming the throne, which added to the instability of the regency years.
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Fernando Francisco Isidro de Austria (15 May 1626 – 12 March 1634), legitimized after his death and buried at
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into the higher ranks of the military, working hard to overcome the reluctance of many to take up field appointments in the
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Philip and Olivares attempted to address the perceived issues of the army, which they concluded were primarily due to the
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539:. They were married on 7 October 1649. Maria Anna bore him five children, but only two survived to adulthood, a daughter
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1697:, Philip's illegitimate son, resulting in a chaotic power play between Mariana and John Joseph until his death in 1679.
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7460:. Masterpiece in Residence. Dallas and New York: Meadows Museum, SMU in association with Scala Arts Publishers, Inc.
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Infanta Maria Anna "Mariana" Antonia of Austria, Infanta of Spain (17 January 1636 – 5 December 1636)
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of 1628 was captured by the Dutch, and Spain's ability to borrow and transfer money across Europe declined sharply.
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7592:. Provincial Rebellion: Revolutionary Civil Wars, 1560–1660. Vol. II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Maria Ambrosia de la Concepción of Austria, Infanta of Spain (7 December 1655 – 21 December 1655)
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and Philip issued an amnesty for the rebels, promising to respect traditional customs and rights in the future.
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on behalf of the young Charles II to his wife Mariana, with instructions that she heed the advice of a small
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813:(1628–1631). Philip's advisors recommended prioritising the war in Flanders, taking action to safeguard the
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The Great Favourite: The Duke of Lerma, and the Court and Government of King Philip III of Spain, 1598–1621
7172:
6205:
4509:
3542:
3366:
556:
9924:
8179:
https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/87106/9789004255753.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
3258:
1891:
Ferdinand Thomas Charles of Austria, Infante of Spain (23 December 1658 – 22 October 1659)
1826:
Margaret Maria Catherine of Austria, Infanta of Spain (25 November 1623 – 22 December 1623)
1336:; the painting was said to miraculously raise and lower its eyes in response to prayer. Whilst married to
705:
has been suggested that the writers of the period who best captured Philip's view of royal authority were
15094:
15089:
14028:
13842:
13280:
12578:
12422:
10966:
10422:
9850:
9584:
9326:
6280:
4744:
4545:
4478:
2366:
2173:
1581:
1458:
7466:
1442:
14976:
14858:
14665:
14177:
13837:
13509:
13467:
13017:
13012:
12757:
12732:
12401:
12268:
12077:
12013:
11323:
11065:
10949:
10739:
10373:
9873:
9607:
9349:
9112:
8985:
6190:
6145:
4708:
4450:
4126:
4111:
3892:
1538:
1518:
1514:
1423:
1407:
1145:
1033:
882:
497:
163:
8798:
2841:
1832:
Isabella Maria Theresa of Austria, Infanta of Spain (31 October 1627 – 1 November 1627)
1658:
15174:
14960:
14681:
14033:
13847:
13425:
13343:
13194:
13144:
13123:
13007:
12742:
12355:
12335:
12087:
11890:
11621:
11418:
8439:
6265:
2383:
1870:
1182:
1029:
833:
540:
303:
14219:
14131:
8434:
7221:
1312:
1065:
excluded many of the traditional grandees and caused resentment. Olivares put forward the idea of a
15048:
15032:
14617:
13868:
13827:
13811:
13696:
13546:
13504:
12997:
12504:
12473:
12253:
11945:
11643:
11610:
11583:
11452:
11315:
10716:
10666:
10519:
10381:
10117:
9694:
9144:
9035:
8491:
7354:
5079:
4723:
4465:
3230:
3029:
1550:
1530:
1498:
1490:
1466:
1415:
384:
12325:
15149:
14417:
14167:
14082:
13971:
13801:
13727:
12828:
12442:
12123:
11331:
11120:
11095:
11050:
10554:
10549:
10479:
10377:
9709:
9679:
4759:
3327:
3290:
3253:
3187:
3150:
3089:
3052:
2986:
2949:
2886:
1721:
1627:
1546:
1542:
1502:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1454:
1446:
1427:
1395:
866:
778:
639:
439:
from 1621 to 1640. Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts, including such artists as
11599:
1768:
1363:, Don Juan Chumacero – both involved in the removal of Olivares – encouraged the King to invite
649:
618:, who was brought up as a royal prince. By the end of the reign, and with the health of Carlos,
15040:
15008:
14753:
13832:
13722:
13149:
13048:
12601:
12284:
11903:
11725:
11170:
11140:
11080:
10844:
10829:
10761:
10459:
10268:
10088:
10007:
9944:
9766:
9499:
9168:
8960:
8925:
1933:
1851:
1694:
1534:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1419:
1403:
1232:
1106:
874:
870:
693:
615:
596:
311:
13914:
10259:
10103:
9729:
9627:
9476:
8717:] (in French). Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Paris: La compagnie des libraires. p. 149.
8708:
1681:, who was only 4 years old at the time, would be more fortunate than himself. On his death, a
14737:
14601:
14410:
14379:
14182:
14110:
13764:
13717:
13691:
12222:
12217:
12207:
11408:
11155:
11130:
11060:
10908:
10819:
10777:
10686:
10635:
10609:
10544:
10469:
10454:
10449:
10124:
10083:
10078:
10002:
9984:
9954:
9934:
9762:
9714:
9689:
9674:
9652:
9484:
9441:
9164:
4156:
2931:
1902:
1829:
Maria Eugenia of Austria, Infanta of Spain (21 November 1625 – 21 August 1627)
1510:
1506:
1450:
1399:
1284:
885:
continued, however, as Philip fruitlessly attempted to regain control over his lost kingdom.
806:
478:
14314:
10676:
9045:
2991:
1823:
Maria Margaret of Austria, Infanta of Spain (14 August 1621 – 15 August 1621)
1623:
15104:
15099:
14585:
14537:
14373:
14250:
14172:
14115:
13951:
13924:
13919:
13863:
13675:
13652:
13640:
13451:
13305:
12212:
11784:
11220:
11135:
11085:
11045:
10892:
10824:
10756:
10681:
10660:
10655:
10650:
10624:
10614:
10539:
10534:
10524:
10484:
10444:
10439:
10346:
10153:
10093:
10055:
9979:
9919:
9747:
9704:
9699:
9451:
9421:
9394:
9262:
8885:
4915:
3295:
2890:
2114:
1375:
1316:
1048:
etc. – all loosely joined together through the institution of the Castile monarchy and the
857:
786:
774:
718:
607:
448:
41:
13386:
669:
Initially, Philip chose to confirm the reappointment of his father's household to assuage
8:
15056:
14952:
14920:
14745:
14721:
14689:
14577:
14308:
14224:
14039:
13909:
13785:
13630:
13514:
12874:
12747:
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12243:
12149:
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11565:
11476:
11431:
11385:
11297:
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11190:
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11110:
11055:
11040:
10880:
10868:
10834:
10813:
10803:
10795:
10782:
10671:
10640:
10629:
10604:
10580:
10529:
10474:
10351:
10312:
10302:
10249:
10190:
10171:
10035:
9969:
9813:
9803:
9775:
9757:
9737:
9542:
9532:
9489:
9436:
9389:
9384:
9267:
9224:
9214:
9177:
9060:
9018:
8937:
8916:
8866:
8849:
8485:
7438:
Kamen, Henry (2000). "Vicissitudes of a World Power, 1500–1700". In Carr, Raymond (ed.).
6862:
6160:
5235:
4075:
3858:
3673:
2648:
2014:
1927:
1894:
1855:
1678:
1494:
1435:
1411:
1383:
1379:
1352:
1276:
1260:
1149:
1041:
1026:
1022:
977:
921:
849:
726:
611:
544:
512:. Although the relationship does not appear to have been close, some have suggested that
501:
467:
463:
412:
364:
140:
130:
95:
85:
7532:
The Challenges of Uncertainty: An Introduction to Seventeenth Century Spanish Literature
14984:
14904:
14657:
14553:
14526:
14277:
14136:
13499:
12701:
12304:
12061:
11717:
11552:
11185:
11145:
11125:
11115:
11100:
11035:
11016:
10989:
10862:
10766:
10750:
10619:
10575:
10566:
10514:
10297:
10219:
10214:
10195:
10130:
10060:
10050:
10012:
9994:
9877:
9798:
9752:
9684:
9611:
9527:
9456:
9446:
9426:
9413:
9369:
9209:
9094:
9067:
8990:
8944:
8875:
8704:
7315:
7311:
5799:
5523:
5443:
4141:
4090:
3237:
3036:
2480:
1864:
1842:
1813:
1360:
1341:
1333:
1296:
1217:
1202:
714:
663:
619:
602:
Although interpretations of Philip's role in government have improved in recent years,
528:
246:
10070:
9911:
9619:
9361:
7478:
The Limits of Royal Authority: Resistance and Obedience in Seventeenth Century Castile
3093:
2954:
2862:
1224:
1177:, Olivares' nephew, took over as favourite and minister and the counter-reform of the
603:
440:
15016:
15000:
14641:
14495:
14245:
13883:
13743:
13656:
13648:
13494:
13415:
11838:
11807:
11771:
11691:
11210:
11205:
11175:
11165:
11026:
11006:
10850:
10790:
10772:
10645:
10595:
10464:
10331:
10283:
10273:
10111:
10040:
10017:
9831:
9785:
9771:
9742:
9565:
9514:
9504:
9494:
9431:
9353:
9287:
9252:
9242:
9173:
9135:
8994:
8820:
8737:
8672:
7616:
7553:
7278:
5519:
3484:
3421:
3155:
2031:
1241:
1137:
1101:
1097:
1037:
794:
536:
354:
267:
11936:
9959:
9374:
8791:
2925:
2836:
14881:
14850:
14729:
12197:
11761:
11669:
11661:
11591:
11150:
10997:
10923:
10336:
10322:
10205:
10045:
9823:
9719:
9557:
9466:
9461:
9272:
9247:
9028:
8998:
8976:
8971:
8967:
8898:
8856:
7384:
Fernándo-Armesto, Filippe (2000). "The Improbable Empire". In Carr, Raymond (ed.).
7307:
7282:
4376:
1674:
1667:
1268:
1264:
1014:
929:
906:
841:
837:
822:
459:
436:
171:
102:
11376:
10808:
7347:
European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies
3365:
1340:, Philip had placed their children under the protection of this image; married to
1237:
11653:
11510:
11011:
10148:
9404:
9087:
9009:
4404:
3192:
1324:
1245:
1129:
1018:
845:
782:
710:
535:, was guided by politics and Philip's desire to strengthen the relationship with
490:
3332:
893:
777:
in Europe, a turbulent period of military history. In Philip III's final years,
725:, or small committee, government across Spain in competition to the traditional
10027:
9196:
9156:
8906:
8902:
7567:
4171:
1359:
appears to have deeply shaken him. Queen Isabella and the new president of the
1288:
1280:
1114:
1049:
1045:
1009:
798:
706:
455:
444:
175:
8669:
Absolutism and the scientific revolution, 1600-1720: a biographical dictionary
952:, the king's secretary in the Council of War, acted as the junta's secretary.
15083:
13644:
12499:
11825:
10928:
10505:
10356:
10140:
9302:
9277:
8894:
8767:
8762:
5440:
3361:
2857:
1272:
1141:
1078:
1070:
428:
57:
3257:
3056:
976:
committee to survive the fall of Olivares intact. Even after the disastrous
555:
court. Victorian historians even attributed the early death of Balthasar to
10341:
9297:
9257:
3136:(in German), vol. 42, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 717–723
1549:, etc." in full and "King of the Spains, Don Philip the Fourth and King of
1348:
1301:
1249:
1209:
1174:
961:
853:
814:
738:
654:
576:
564:
521:
3033:(in German), vol. 16, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 471–475
1223:
Artistically, Philip became famous for his patronage of his court painter
14777:
14761:
12371:
11236:
10361:
10244:
9292:
9282:
1946:
Carlos Fernando de Austria y Manrique (1639-1696), married, one daughter.
1919:
1431:
989:
902:
869:
to an Anglo-French force, Philip was personally desperate for peace. The
681:
466:
as King of Spain and in 1640 (with the collapse of the Iberian Union) by
203:
7413:
Between Exaltation and Infamy: Female Mystics in the Golden Age of Spain
7319:
7295:
1936:(7 April 1629 – 17 September 1679), legitimized in 1642.
1569:
13599:
11271:
10391:
10224:
9234:
7258:
The Gods of Play: Baroque Festival Performances as Rhetorical Discourse
3347:
3310:
3273:
3234:(in German), vol. 5, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 83–85
3207:
3170:
3109:
3072:
3006:
2969:
2906:
1735: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
985:
898:
818:
167:
14479:
title removed in 1920 as their parents' marriage was deemed undynastic
9842:
9576:
7368:
The Revolt of the Catalans: A Study in the Decline of Spain, 1598–1640
7357:(1970). "The Statecraft of Olivares". In Elliot; Koenisburger (eds.).
1319:, a religious advisor to Philip IV during the second half of his reign
14817:
12570:
12525:
11634:
10958:
10839:
10708:
10239:
10229:
9661:
9318:
9307:
1685:
to commemorate his life. In his will, Philip left political power as
1374:
Instead, Philip turned to a better-established female mystic, Sister
1364:
1000:
878:
635:
592:
588:
579:, all central parts of royal public life at court during the period.
12005:
9104:
8806:
8710:
Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France
8198:
III Jornadas de Historia de Ayamonte (Ayamonte, 1998), 187–213, 209.
1710:
1445:, he was styled "Don Philip the Fourth, by the grace of God king of
419:; 8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665), also called the
11090:
10234:
8715:
Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France
7359:
The Diversity of History: Essays in Honour of Sir Henry Butterfield
2990:
1817:
1368:
1161:
945:
560:
8761:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
3294:
981:
12036:
2892:"Habsburg, Elisabeth (eigentlich Isabella von Oesterreich)"
1287:
alone resulted in major works by Velázquez and the French etcher
1228:
1074:
995:
941:
917:
670:
572:
552:
349:
14431:* also an infante of Castile and León, Aragon, Sicily and Naples
7404:
Queenship and Political Power in Medieval and Early Modern Spain
2924:
1693:
committee established for this purpose. This committee excluded
692:
portrait of Philip's most prominent favourite and minister, the
10181:
10163:
7277:. "Enemies of Flattery: Velázquez' Portraits of Philip IV". In
1969:
1686:
1133:
1118:
861:
508:. In 1615, at the age of 10, Philip was married to 13-year-old
191:
3285:
3283:
844:
were savagely cut, and the fight against the French-supported
7458:
Velázquez's King Philip IV of Spain from the Frick Collection
7329:
For the Common Good: Popular Politics in Barcelona, 1580–1640
2953:
2861:
584:
3154:
3095:"Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (Königin von Spanien)"
3047:
3045:
1897:(6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700) married
1085:
efforts to regulate priests' sexual behaviour more tightly.
531:, also known as Mariana, Philip's niece and the daughter of
8780:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
3280:
2872:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1082:
748:
625:
11889:
3376:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
3125:
1154:
Gaspar Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 9th Duke of Medina Sidonia
7395:
Spanish Naval Power, 1589–1665: Reconstruction and Defeat
3042:
2944:
2942:
881:
finally brought the war with France to a conclusion. The
3346:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 122 – via
3206:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 120 – via
3191:
3145:
3143:
3108:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 151 – via
3071:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 151 – via
3005:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 352 – via
2905:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 167 – via
1915:
With María Manrique, daughter of the marqués de Charela
1873:(12 July 1651 – 12 March 1673), married
3331:
3309:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 23 – via
3272:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 13 – via
3169:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 20 – via
2968:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 19 – via
948:. The Ayamonte junta consisted of six members, and Don
797:. This would lead Philip to renew hostilities with the
14525:
14463:
also a prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke in Saxony
12560:
consort to an Infanta naturalized as a Spanish Infante
7267:
War and Society in Europe of the Old Regime, 1618–1789
2939:
2832:
2830:
1955:
Ana Margarita de Austria (1641-1699), Prioress of the
1347:
Monarchs during the period also had a key role in the
1136:'s nobles expelled Philip, and gave the throne to the
13653:
Infanta Isabel, Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Spain
8027:
8025:
3140:
2918:
2916:
1529:
of the Ocean, archduke of Austria, duke of Burgundy,
1386:, also protected her writings from later censorship.
653:
A 1623 portrait of Philip, displaying the prominent "
409:
Felipe Domingo Victor de la Cruz de Austria y Austria
340:
Felipe Domingo Victor de la Cruz de Austria y Austria
14880:
8802:. Vol. XVIII (9th ed.). 1885. p. 746.
7505:
The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567–1659
3018:
3016:
1888:(28 November 1657 – 1 November 1661)
14439:
also an infante of Spain and an archduke of Austria
8736:(in Spanish). Ediciones Albores. pp. 189–191.
8402:
8400:
3219:
3217:
2827:
1841:(17 October 1629 – 9 October 1646),
1367:and visionaries from across Europe to his court at
817:to the Netherlands but at the cost of antagonising
11551:
11283:
8138:
8136:
8022:
7779:
7777:
7523:Spain, Europe and the "Spanish Miracle", 1700–1900
7296:"The Nature of Spanish Government After Philip II"
3339:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
3322:
3320:
3302:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
3265:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
3259:"Habsburg, Margaretha (Königin von Spanien)"
3248:
3246:
3199:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
3182:
3180:
3162:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
3101:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
3064:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
3058:"Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (1528–1587)"
2998:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
2961:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
2935:. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2913:
2898:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
1968:Fernando Valdés (1638-1702), married, Governor of
1525:, the Eastern and Western Indies, the islands and
1096:Philip had clear intentions to try to control the
888:
563:, although modern scholars attribute his death to
8703:
8553:
8551:
7471:. Vol. 2 Spain and America. pp. 62–145.
3013:
1398:, Philip was styled "Philip, by the grace of God
15081:
14100:Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Portugal and Asturias
8671:. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 302.
8397:
8067:
7613:Philip IV and the Government of Spain, 1621–1665
7550:Philip IV and the Government of Spain, 1621–1665
7383:
3344:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
3307:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
3270:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
3214:
3204:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
3167:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
3121:
3119:
3106:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
3069:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
3003:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
2966:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
2903:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
2881:
2879:
1836:Balthasar Charles of Austria, Infante of Spain,
1300:in Madrid, parts of which still remain near the
960:Philip was also notable for his interest in the
773:Philip was to reign through the majority of the
632:Francisco de Sandoval y Rojas, 1st Duke of Lerma
614:(La Calderona), with whom he had a son in 1629,
15200:Grand masters of the Order of the Golden Fleece
15195:Burials in the Pantheon of Kings at El Escorial
12952:Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne
8213:(in Spanish). Ediciones Hidalguia. p. 669.
8133:
7880:
7878:
7876:
7774:
3354:
3317:
3243:
3177:
2981:
2979:
873:in 1659, and the marriage of Philip's daughter
13946:Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal and Asturias
8548:
2852:
2850:
1883:Philip Prospero of Austria, Infante of Spain,
996:Domestic policy and the crisis of the monarchy
769:portrait made during the height of his success
14866:
14511:
13615:
12586:
12021:
11252:
10974:
10724:
10407:
9858:
9592:
9334:
9120:
8653:
8651:
8626:
8624:
8622:
8620:
8583:
8581:
7699:
7697:
7695:
7693:
7634:
7632:
7260:. Albany: State University of New York Press.
3407:
3116:
3022:
2876:
1871:Margaret Theresa of Austria, Infanta of Spain
1613:The examples and perspective in this section
781:had convinced him to intervene militarily in
8568:
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8417:
8415:
8175:The conspiracy of the Duke of Medina Sidonia
8155:
8153:
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7861:
7836:
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3084:
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2976:
1952:(1636-1705), Bishop of Oviedo and of Cuenca.
1201:with the Count-Duke of Olivares outside the
8727:
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7680:
7678:
7676:
2847:
599:'s texts on political history still exist.
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7992:
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7728:
7726:
7724:
7690:
7663:
7661:
7659:
7629:
7583:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
7511:
7431:Spain in the Age of Exploration, 1492–1819
7326:
3414:
3400:
3223:
1975:Juan Cossío (1640-1701), Augustinian monk.
1852:Maria Theresa of Austria, Infanta of Spain
1291:, in addition to various plays and books.
1148:. He was succeeded in Portugal in 1640 by
40:
12397:Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime
12300:Infante Pedro Carlos, Infante of Portugal
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8412:
8406:
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7615:. Cambridge University Press. p. 5.
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7552:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7547:
7538:
7344:
7287:Art and History: Images and Their Meaning
3079:
2992:"Habsburg, Karl II. von Steiermark"
1795:Learn how and when to remove this message
1646:Learn how and when to remove this message
745:, became a royal favourite in his place.
489:portrait of Philip and his older sister,
13807:Infante João, Duke of Valencia de Campos
13629:
12341:Francisco de Asís, King Consort of Spain
10421:
8766:
8734:LAS REINAS MADRES DE LOS REYES DE ESPAÑA
8642:
8630:
8611:
8587:
8542:
8496:. Season 1. Episode 3. 14 February 2008.
8391:
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7703:
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7525:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7520:
7507:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7480:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7428:
7410:
7397:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7370:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7289:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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3360:
3326:
3296:"Habsburg, Maria Anna von Spanien"
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1867:(1634–1696) – his niece – married 1649:
1657:
1382:'s investigation of 1650. Philip's son,
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1188:
1140:, marking the end of sixty years of the
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749:Foreign policy and the Thirty Years' War
680:
648:
626:Philip, Olivares and his royal favorites
514:Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares
477:
312:John Joseph, Governor of the Netherlands
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7449:Spain, 1469–1714: A Society of Conflict
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7392:
1158:rebellion against Philip from Andalusia
1036:, complete with the wider provinces of
236: 1615; died 1644)
14:
15082:
14246:Pedro I of Brazil & IV of Portugal
14034:Diogo, Prince of Portugal and Asturias
13639:The generations indicate descent from
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12418:Infante Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
12351:Infante Sebastián, Infante of Portugal
12045:The generations indicate descent from
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8807:La Política Internacional de Felipe IV
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8210:Revista Hidalguía número 131. Año 1975
8177:by Luis Salas Almela (2013) Page 60.
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14047:Manuel, Hereditary Prince of Portugal
13941:Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal
13661:Infanta Catarina, Duchess of Braganza
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12865:Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias
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7487:Seventeenth Century Europe, 1598–1700
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1199:Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias
852:, delivered by Olivares' replacement
284:Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias
14387:Infante Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
13889:Infante Diogo, Constable of Portugal
13874:Infante Pedro, Constable of Portugal
12973:Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany
12321:Infante Antonio, Duke of Montpensier
10697:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
7825:
7455:
7422:Court of Philip IV: Spain in Decline
7419:
7273:
3126:Sigmund Ritter von Riezler (1897), "
1733:adding citations to reliable sources
1704:
1599:
1564:
676:Cristóbal de Sandoval, Duke of Uceda
294:Margaret Theresa, Holy Roman Empress
13843:Infante João, Constable of Portugal
13702:Infante Fernando, Count of Flanders
13165:Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany
12870:Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias
12326:Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin
12145:Felipe Próspero, Prince of Asturias
12140:Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Asturias
7361:. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
7331:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
3367:"Charles II. (King of Spain)"
2955:"Habsburg, Maria von Spanien"
1557:Don Philip the Third ", for short.
1389:
299:Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias
62:
24:
14837:
14527:Princes and Princesses of Asturias
14241:Francisco António, Prince of Beira
13749:Infante Afonso, Lord of Portalegre
13033:Karl Ambrosius, Primate of Hungary
8930:31 March 1621 – 17 September 1665
8911:31 March 1621 – 17 September 1665
8435:"King John IV - Convent of Christ"
8165:
7442:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
7415:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
7388:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
7312:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1963.tb00234.x
3156:"Habsburg, Maria von Bayern"
1617:include all significant viewpoints
1092:An 18th-century portrait of Philip
944:district from his headquarters in
25:
15226:
14455:also an imperial prince of Brazil
14013:Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães
13977:Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães
13884:Cardinal-Infante Jaime of Coimbra
13064:Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany
12479:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria
12428:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera
12387:Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera
12377:Infante Gaetan, Count of Girgenti
9003:13 July 1621 – 17 September 1665
8784:
7534:. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.
1957:Royal Monastery of La Encarnación
1865:Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria
807:retaking of the key city of Breda
595:. His handwritten translation of
533:Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
15110:17th-century Portuguese monarchs
15068:
14882:Princes and Princesses of Girona
14333:Infante Augusto, Duke of Coimbra
14285:Infante Miguel, Duke of Braganza
13962:Infante Fernando, Duke of Guarda
13812:Infante Dinis, Lord of Cifuentes
12510:Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria
12484:Infante Álvaro, Duke of Galliera
12469:Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona
12433:Infante Luis Fernando of Orléans
12346:Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville
12239:Infante Felipe, Duke of Calabria
11935:
11633:
11375:
10495:
9651:
9403:
9186:
8861:31 March 1621 – 1 December 1640
8754:
8730:"V. Marina de Austria y Austria"
8728:Neila Neila, José María (2022).
7424:. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
7338:Spain in the Seventeenth Century
2929:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1989:Ancestors of Philip IV of Spain
1709:
1604:
1568:
791:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
473:
394:
15215:Children of Philip III of Spain
15140:17th-century Navarrese monarchs
15135:17th-century monarchs of Naples
15125:17th-century Aragonese monarchs
15120:17th-century Castilian monarchs
14142:Infante Francisco, Duke of Beja
14008:João Manuel, Prince of Portugal
13879:Infante João, Prince of Antioch
13869:Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu
13838:Infante Henrique, Duke of Viseu
13728:Infante Fernando, Lord of Serpa
12331:Infante Juan, Count of Montizón
12290:Infante Carlos, Count of Molina
12223:Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón
9014:13 July 1621 – 7 November 1659
8721:
8697:
8685:
8660:
8636:
8605:
8593:
8536:
8524:
8512:
8500:
8479:
8467:
8455:
8427:
8385:
8376:
8364:
8352:
8340:
8328:
8301:
8289:
8277:
8265:
8253:
8241:
8229:
8217:
8201:
8192:
8183:
8121:
8109:
8097:
8085:
8073:
8061:
8049:
8037:
8010:
7998:
7986:
7974:
7962:
7950:
7938:
7926:
7914:
7902:
7890:
7846:
7804:
7762:
7750:
7433:. University of Nebraska Press.
7248:
1963:Alfonso Enríquez de Santo Tomás
1816:) — married 18 October 1615 at
1720:needs additional citations for
1077:in Spain, extended the dormant
955:
889:Philip and the Spanish military
543:, born in 1651, and the future
431:from 1621 to his death and (as
255:
233:
14152:Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém
13972:Henrique I (The Cardinal-King)
13833:Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra
13770:Infante Afonso, Lord of Leiria
13697:Infante Pedro, Count of Urgell
12464:Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia
12392:Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid
12249:Fernando I of the Two Sicilies
8732:. In Ediciones Albores (ed.).
7738:
7709:
7644:
7604:
3193:"Habsburg, Philipp III."
3133:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
3128:Wilhelm V. (Herzog von Bayern)
1965:(1631-1692), Bishop of Málaga.
1664:Monument to Philip IV of Spain
1081:on luxury goods and supported
1025:, the autonomous provinces of
721:, and introducing a system of
454:By the time of his death, the
289:Maria Theresa, Queen of France
48:Portrait of Philip IV in Fraga
13:
1:
15115:17th-century Spanish monarchs
14380:Infante Afonso, Duke of Porto
14340:Infante Miguel, Duke of Viseu
12738:Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias
12555:title granted by Royal Decree
12438:Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid
7598:
7345:Davenport, France G. (2004).
7256:Aercke, Kristiaan P. (1994).
4732:
4180:
4099:
3682:
3551:
3333:"Habsburg, Philipp IV."
2837:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
1901:, no issue. Married secondly
1875:Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
940:was tasked with managing the
811:War of the Mantuan Succession
763:
759:Philip IV in Brown and Silver
686:
483:
15210:17th-century philanthropists
15190:Knights of the Golden Fleece
15130:17th-century kings of Sicily
14273:João Carlos, Prince of Beira
13920:Infante Diogo, Duke of Viseu
13643:, and continues through the
12423:Infante Ferdinand of Bavaria
12083:Fernando, Prince of Asturias
7590:Rebels and Rulers, 1500–1660
7539:Stevenson, R. A. M. (1912).
7451:. Harlow: Pearson Education.
7349:. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.
7327:Corteguera, Luis R. (2002).
1950:Alonso Antonio de San Martín
1683:catafalque was built in Rome
1533:, Milan, count of Habsburg,
1263:produced work extolling the
1008:Philip had inherited a huge
856:, resolved the long-running
500:, and was the eldest son of
7:
15025:Infante Michael of Portugal
13915:Infante João, Duke of Viseu
13571:also an infante of Portugal
12733:Charles, Prince of Asturias
12459:Alfonso, Prince of Asturias
8793:"Philip IV. of Spain"
8667:Baker, Christopher (2002).
7496:Europe in Crisis, 1598–1648
7294:Carter, Charles H. (1963).
1981:
1438:of the Spains," for short.
827:Battle of Nördlingen (1634)
273:
10:
15231:
14321:Infante João, Duke of Beja
14106:Teodósio, Prince of Brazil
14003:Filipe, Prince of Portugal
13998:Manuel, Prince of Portugal
13993:Afonso, Prince of Portugal
13957:Infante Luís, Duke of Beja
13205:Archduke Ladislaus Philipp
13018:Francis IV, Duke of Modena
12798:Charles, Bishop of Wroclaw
12295:Infante Francisco de Paula
12078:Carlos, Prince of Asturias
11839:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
8986:Count Palatine of Burgundy
7579:Williams, Patrick (2006).
7512:Polisensky, J. V. (1971).
7411:Haliczer, Stephen (2002).
1330:Nuestra Señora del Milagro
1214:Pedro Calderón de la Barca
1146:Portuguese Restoration War
968:in 1630, for example. The
950:Matías González de Medrano
938:9th Duke of Medina Sidonia
498:Royal Palace of Valladolid
496:Philip IV was born in the
164:Royal Palace of Valladolid
27:King of Spain and Portugal
15066:
14937:Infante Balthasar Charles
14888:
14835:
14533:
14471:also a prince of Braganza
14428:
14405:Luís Filipe, Prince Royal
14397:
14366:
14301:
14265:
14233:
14212:
14196:
14160:
14124:
14092:
14077:Cardinal-Infante Fernando
14057:
14021:
13985:
13933:
13897:
13856:
13820:
13794:
13778:
13757:
13736:
13710:
13684:
13668:
13637:
13559:
13534:
13527:
13487:
13480:
13460:
13444:
13406:
13399:
13372:
13319:
13301:
13294:
13213:
13137:
13124:Francis V, Duke of Modena
13041:
12960:
12924:
12898:
12857:
12806:
12743:Diego, Prince of Asturias
12725:
12694:
12673:
12657:
12641:
12615:
12608:
12550:
12534:
12518:
12492:
12451:
12410:
12402:Carlos III, Duke of Parma
12364:
12313:
12277:
12269:Fernando I, Duke of Parma
12231:
12190:
12174:
12158:
12132:
12101:
12088:Diego, Prince of Asturias
12070:
12054:
12043:
11944:
11933:
11902:
11898:
11891:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
11884:
11837:
11806:
11783:
11760:
11690:
11642:
11631:
11564:
11560:
11546:
11475:
11430:
11407:
11384:
11373:
11298:Elder House of Luxembourg
11296:
11292:
11278:
11025:
10996:
10946:
10746:
10695:
10594:
10565:
10504:
10493:
10429:
10370:
10321:
10282:
10258:
10204:
10180:
10162:
10139:
10102:
10069:
10026:
9993:
9910:
9884:
9822:
9784:
9728:
9660:
9649:
9618:
9556:
9513:
9475:
9412:
9401:
9360:
9233:
9195:
9184:
9155:
9142:
9092:
9084:
9074:
9065:
9057:
9052:
9042:
9033:
9025:
9007:
8953:
8949:1659 – 17 September 1665
8942:
8934:
8923:
8913:
8892:
8882:
8873:
8863:
8854:
8846:
8841:
8814:
8772:Philip IV., king of Spain
7611:Stradling, R. A. (2002).
7548:Stradling, R. A. (1988).
7503:Parker, Geoffrey (2004).
7494:Parker, Geoffrey (1984).
7468:Spain Under the Habsburgs
7379:. Cambridge: Canto Press.
7085:
7083:
7081:
7073:
7069:
7067:
7065:
7061:
6840:
6838:
6836:
6830:
6828:
6826:
6818:
6816:
6814:
6804:
6800:
6798:
6796:
6790:
6788:
6786:
6718:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6530:
6528:
6526:
6520:
6518:
6516:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6498:
6496:
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6488:
6486:
6484:
6476:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6464:
6456:
6452:
6450:
6448:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6386:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6366:
6138:
6136:
6134:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6108:
6106:
6104:
6098:
6096:
6094:
6088:
6086:
6084:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6068:
6066:
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6032:
6028:
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6020:
6018:
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6004:
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5990:
5988:
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5954:
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5940:
5938:
5936:
5934:
5922:
5918:
5916:
5914:
5784:
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5778:
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5774:
5772:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5760:
5758:
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5754:
5752:
5750:
5748:
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5736:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5660:
5658:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5385:
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5381:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5369:
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5365:
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5359:
5357:
5355:
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5351:
5349:
5339:
5335:
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5331:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5178:
5176:
5046:
5044:
5020:
5018:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4872:
4870:
4862:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4826:
4824:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4635:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4589:
4587:
4433:
4431:
4423:
4421:
4365:
4363:
4355:
4353:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4275:
4271:
4269:
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4247:
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4235:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3990:
3988:
3980:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3793:
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3785:
3783:
3781:
3773:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3616:
3614:
2923:Kurth, Godefroid (1911).
2745:
2743:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2619:
2617:
2593:
2591:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2565:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2457:
2455:
2443:
2441:
2429:
2427:
2415:
2413:
2380:
2359:
2357:
2336:
2315:
2313:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2170:
2128:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2028:
1700:
1560:
1430:, etc." in full and "the
1144:and the beginning of the
1004:A 1656 portrait of Philip
932:left much to be desired.
634:, Philip III's principal
390:
380:
370:
360:
348:
339:
334:
330:
322:Alfonso, Bishop of Málaga
304:Charles II, King of Spain
266:
210:
198:
194:, Crown of Castile, Spain
181:
150:
146:
136:
126:
115:
101:
91:
81:
70:
56:
39:
34:
14447:also an infante of Spain
13905:João, Prince of Portugal
13589:also a prince of Belgium
13577:also a prince of Tuscany
13565:also an infante of Spain
12443:Roberto I, Duke of Parma
12356:Carlos II, Duke of Parma
12264:Infante Francisco Javier
11946:House of Nassau-Weilburg
11644:House of Valois-Burgundy
8965:
7530:Robbins, Jeremy (1998).
7521:Ringrose, David (1998).
7429:Ishikawa, Chiyo (2004).
7265:Anderson, M. S. (1988).
3328:Wurzbach, Constantin von
3291:Wurzbach, Constantin von
3254:Wurzbach, Constantin von
3231:Neue Deutsche Biographie
3188:Wurzbach, Constantin von
3151:Wurzbach, Constantin von
3090:Wurzbach, Constantin von
3053:Wurzbach, Constantin von
3030:Neue Deutsche Biographie
2987:Wurzbach, Constantin von
2950:Wurzbach, Constantin von
2887:Wurzbach, Constantin von
1812:(1602–1644, daughter of
1443:Treaty of Münster (1648)
317:Alonso, Bishop of Cuenca
15145:Spanish Roman Catholics
14929:Infante Philip Prospero
14418:Afonso, Prince of Beira
14168:Pedro, Prince of Brazil
13967:Cardinal-Infante Afonso
13583:also a prince of Modena
12880:Ferdinand IV of Hungary
12259:Infante Antonio Pascual
12218:Felipe I, Duke of Parma
8799:Encyclopædia Britannica
8777:Encyclopædia Britannica
7588:Zagorin, Perez (1992).
7543:. London: G. Bell Sons.
7393:Goodman, David (2002).
7226:Habsburg family website
3373:Encyclopædia Britannica
2869:Encyclopædia Britannica
2842:Encyclopædia Britannica
1396:Treaty of Madrid (1630)
15160:People from Valladolid
15155:Spanish Baroque people
14842:
14348:Infante Francisco José
14220:José, Prince of Brazil
14132:João, Prince of Brazil
13150:Maximilian I of Mexico
13145:Emperor Franz Joseph I
11904:House of Orange-Nassau
11726:Isabella Clara Eugenia
8961:Isabella Clara Eugenia
8490:"The Mystical North".
7485:Munck, Thomas (1990).
7377:Richelieu and Olivares
7375:Elliot, J. H. (1991).
7366:Elliot, J. H. (1984).
7336:Darby, Graham (1994).
7222:"Habsburg family tree"
3023:Press, Volker (1990),
1934:John Joseph of Austria
1899:Marie Louise d'Orléans
1670:
1320:
1233:Treaty of the Pyrenees
1227:, who originated from
1205:
1107:Spanish treasure fleet
1093:
1005:
909:
871:Treaty of the Pyrenees
770:
743:Ramiro Núñez de Guzmán
696:
694:Count-Duke of Olivares
658:
597:Francesco Guicciardini
493:
470:as King of Portugal.
416:
408:
14841:
13129:Ferdinand Karl Viktor
13023:Ferdinand Karl Joseph
12382:Infante Luis Fernando
11409:House of Hohenstaufen
10909:Parthenopean Republic
9149:Monarchs' family tree
8880:31 March 1621 – 1641
8068:Fernándo-Armesto 2000
7476:MacKay, Ruth (1999).
7447:Kamen, Henry (2005).
7420:Hume, Martin (1907).
7406:. Aldershot: Ashgate.
3389:Male-line family tree
2932:Catholic Encyclopedia
1903:Maria Anna of Neuburg
1854:(1638–1683), married
1661:
1315:
1255:Philip was nicknamed
1196:
1189:Patronage of the arts
1091:
1003:
896:
756:
684:
652:
481:
14256:Infante Pedro Carlos
13631:Infantes of Portugal
12203:Infante Felipe Pedro
11785:House of Wittelsbach
10423:Monarchs of Portugal
8886:Louis XIII of France
8382:Parker, 2005, p. 81.
7572:The Thirty Years War
7514:The Thirty Years War
7489:. London: Macmillan.
7465:Lynch, John (1959).
7456:Knox, Giles (2022).
1744:"Philip IV of Spain"
1729:improve this article
1410:, the Indies, etc.,
1353:Isabella of Portugal
897:Philip dressed as a
883:war against Portugal
787:Electoral Palatinate
443:, and his rule over
15205:Spanish art patrons
15185:Knights of Santiago
15180:Portuguese infantes
15170:Princes of Portugal
15165:Princes of Asturias
13359:Franz Karl Salvator
13221:Crown Prince Rudolf
13079:Frederick Ferdinand
13049:Emperor Ferdinand I
12875:Charles II of Spain
12748:Philip III of Spain
12665:Philip I of Castile
11285:County of Luxemburg
10382:King/Queen of Spain
10260:House of Trastámara
10104:House of Trastámara
9730:House of Trastámara
9477:House of Trastámara
9019:French royal domain
8938:Louis XIV of France
8850:Philip III of Spain
8816:Philip IV of Spain
8486:Andrew Graham-Dixon
6693:Archduke of Austria
6678:Archduke of Austria
6330:Archduke of Austria
6255:Archduke of Austria
6240:Archduke of Austria
6225:Archduke of Austria
5897:Archduke of Austria
5874:Archduke of Austria
4981:Archduke of Austria
4966:Archduke of Austria
3224:Eder, Karl (1961),
2527:Archduke of Austria
1943:Never legitimized:
1895:Charles II of Spain
1856:Louis XIV of France
1810:Elisabeth of France
1624:improve the article
1412:archduke of Austria
1308:Philip and religion
1285:re-capture of Breda
1277:Jan Miense Molenaer
1261:Spanish Netherlands
1218:perspective scenery
1197:A 1636 portrait of
978:Battle of the Downs
901:, accompanied by a
850:Peace of Westphalia
846:rebels in Catalonia
729:of royal councils.
727:Polysynodial System
545:Charles II of Spain
510:Elisabeth of France
506:Margaret of Austria
375:Margaret of Austria
365:Philip III of Spain
222:Elisabeth of France
15095:Philippine dynasty
15090:Philip IV of Spain
14843:
14786:Emanuele Filiberto
14278:Pedro II of Brazil
13542:Ferdinand Zvonimir
12814:Philip IV of Spain
12702:Philip II of Spain
12602:Austrian archdukes
11553:Duchy of Luxemburg
10990:Monarchs of Sicily
10740:Monarchs of Naples
9995:House of Champagne
9950:García Sánchez III
9414:House of Barcelona
9095:Prince of Portugal
9068:Prince of Asturias
9036:Prince of Piombino
8945:Count of Barcelona
8876:Count of Barcelona
8602:, pp. 169–170
8464:, pp. 262–263
8162:, pp. 101–103
7828:, pp. 379–384
7801:, pp. 213–214
7574:. London: Methuen.
7498:. London: Fontana.
7269:. London: Fontana.
6938:King of the Romans
6852:Prince of Asturias
6285:Margrave of Burgau
6270:Margrave of Burgau
6150:Prince of Asturias
2344:Holy Roman Emperor
2341:Maximilian II
2161:Holy Roman Emperor
2136:Holy Roman Emperor
1885:Prince of Asturias
1843:Prince of Asturias
1838:Prince of Asturias
1814:Henry IV of France
1671:
1580:. You can help by
1400:king of the Spains
1361:Council of Castile
1334:Virgin of Miracles
1321:
1297:Buen Retiro Palace
1206:
1203:Buen Retiro Palace
1156:attempted another
1094:
1006:
910:
877:to the young King
834:Spanish-French war
779:Baltasar de Zúñiga
771:
697:
664:Buen Retiro Palace
659:
640:Baltasar de Zúñiga
620:Prince of Asturias
494:
247:Mariana of Austria
18:Felipe IV of Spain
15077:
15076:
15041:Infante Ferdinand
14969:Infante Ferdinand
14848:
14847:
14706:Balthasar Charles
14493:
14492:
14292:Infante Sebastião
14188:Infante Alexandre
13657:House of Braganza
13649:House of Habsburg
13597:
13596:
13555:
13554:
13523:
13522:
13476:
13475:
13416:Crown Prince Otto
13395:
13394:
13306:Emperor Charles I
13241:Leopold Ferdinand
12983:Alexander Leopold
12968:Emperor Francis I
12849:Sigismund Francis
12844:Ferdinand Charles
12788:Maximilian Ernest
12568:
12567:
12305:Luis I of Etruria
12037:Infantes of Spain
12003:
12002:
11999:
11998:
11995:
11994:
11880:
11879:
11876:
11875:
11869:
11861:
11853:
11830:
11822:
11808:House of Habsburg
11799:
11776:
11753:
11745:
11737:
11730:
11722:
11714:
11706:
11692:House of Habsburg
11683:
11674:
11666:
11658:
11626:
11618:
11607:
11596:
11588:
11580:
11542:
11541:
11538:
11537:
11531:
11523:
11515:
11507:
11499:
11491:
11468:
11460:
11449:
11423:
11400:
11368:
11360:
11352:
11344:
11336:
11328:
11320:
11312:
11234:
11233:
11027:Kingdom of Sicily
10956:
10955:
10950:Monarch of Sicily
10939:
10920:
10904:
10800:
10787:
10771:
10706:
10705:
10596:House of Braganza
10567:House of Habsburg
10431:House of Burgundy
10389:
10388:
10284:House of Habsburg
9940:García Sánchez II
9840:
9839:
9786:House of Habsburg
9662:House of Burgundy
9574:
9573:
9515:House of Habsburg
9316:
9315:
9136:Monarchs of Spain
9103:
9102:
9078:Balthasar Charles
9075:Succeeded by
9043:Succeeded by
8991:Count of Flanders
8914:Succeeded by
8883:Succeeded by
8864:Succeeded by
8836:17 September 1665
8821:House of Habsburg
8705:Anselm de Gibours
8440:Convent of Christ
7283:Rabb, Theodore K.
7279:Rotberg, Robert I
7246:
7245:
7228:. 28 October 2023
7203:
7202:
6849:Balthasar Charles
6690:Sigismund Francis
6675:Ferdinand Charles
6312:Maximilian Ernest
3547:Count of Habsburg
3422:House of Habsburg
3386:
3385:
2926:"Philip II"
2816:
2815:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1779:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1628:discuss the issue
1598:
1597:
1424:count of Habsburg
1404:Both the Sicilies
1325:Catholic religion
1242:Vincenzo Carducci
1152:. The next year,
1138:House of Braganza
858:Eighty Years' War
823:Protestant forces
795:Holy Roman Empire
775:Thirty Years' War
719:Thirty Years' War
575:and a devotee of
518:Balthasar Charles
449:Thirty Years' War
402:
401:
344:
343:
185:17 September 1665
76:17 September 1665
16:(Redirected from
15222:
15175:Spanish infantes
15072:
15071:
14875:
14868:
14861:
14852:
14851:
14840:
14520:
14513:
14506:
14497:
14496:
14487:claimant infante
14484:
14476:
14468:
14460:
14452:
14444:
14436:
14327:Infante Fernando
13848:Infante Fernando
13624:
13617:
13610:
13601:
13600:
13532:
13531:
13485:
13484:
13404:
13403:
13299:
13298:
13256:Leopold Salvator
13114:Rainer Ferdinand
12595:
12588:
12581:
12572:
12571:
12561:
12556:
12336:Infante Fernando
12119:Infante Fernando
12030:
12023:
12016:
12007:
12006:
11939:
11900:
11899:
11886:
11885:
11867:
11859:
11851:
11828:
11820:
11797:
11774:
11762:House of Bourbon
11751:
11743:
11735:
11728:
11720:
11712:
11704:
11681:
11672:
11664:
11656:
11637:
11624:
11613:
11602:
11594:
11586:
11578:
11566:House of Limburg
11562:
11561:
11548:
11547:
11529:
11521:
11513:
11505:
11497:
11489:
11477:House of Limburg
11466:
11455:
11444:
11421:
11398:
11379:
11366:
11358:
11350:
11342:
11334:
11326:
11318:
11310:
11294:
11293:
11280:
11279:
11261:
11254:
11247:
11238:
11237:
10998:County of Sicily
10983:
10976:
10969:
10960:
10959:
10937:
10918:
10902:
10798:
10785:
10769:
10733:
10726:
10719:
10710:
10709:
10665:
10634:
10499:
10416:
10409:
10402:
10393:
10392:
10323:House of Bourbon
10206:House of Bourbon
9930:García Sánchez I
9912:House of Jiménez
9885:House of Íñiguez
9867:
9860:
9853:
9844:
9843:
9824:House of Bourbon
9655:
9620:House of Jiménez
9601:
9594:
9587:
9578:
9577:
9558:House of Bourbon
9407:
9362:House of Jiménez
9343:
9336:
9329:
9320:
9319:
9190:
9145:List of monarchs
9129:
9122:
9115:
9106:
9105:
9085:Preceded by
9058:Preceded by
9026:Preceded by
8954:Preceded by
8935:Preceded by
8857:King of Portugal
8847:Preceded by
8837:
8830:
8812:
8811:
8803:
8795:
8781:
8760:
8758:
8757:
8748:
8747:
8725:
8719:
8718:
8701:
8695:
8689:
8683:
8682:
8664:
8658:
8655:
8646:
8640:
8634:
8628:
8615:
8614:, pp. 34–36
8609:
8603:
8597:
8591:
8585:
8576:
8570:
8561:
8555:
8546:
8540:
8534:
8528:
8522:
8516:
8510:
8509:, pp. 27–28
8504:
8498:
8497:
8483:
8477:
8471:
8465:
8459:
8453:
8452:
8450:
8448:
8431:
8425:
8419:
8410:
8404:
8395:
8389:
8383:
8380:
8374:
8368:
8362:
8356:
8350:
8344:
8338:
8332:
8326:
8320:
8311:
8305:
8299:
8293:
8287:
8281:
8275:
8269:
8263:
8257:
8251:
8245:
8239:
8233:
8227:
8221:
8215:
8214:
8205:
8199:
8196:
8190:
8187:
8181:
8172:
8163:
8157:
8146:
8140:
8131:
8125:
8119:
8113:
8107:
8101:
8095:
8089:
8083:
8077:
8071:
8065:
8059:
8053:
8047:
8041:
8035:
8029:
8020:
8014:
8008:
8002:
7996:
7990:
7984:
7978:
7972:
7966:
7960:
7954:
7948:
7942:
7936:
7930:
7924:
7918:
7912:
7906:
7900:
7894:
7888:
7882:
7871:
7865:
7856:
7850:
7844:
7838:
7829:
7823:
7814:
7808:
7802:
7796:
7787:
7781:
7772:
7766:
7760:
7754:
7748:
7742:
7736:
7730:
7719:
7713:
7707:
7701:
7688:
7682:
7671:
7665:
7654:
7648:
7642:
7636:
7627:
7626:
7608:
7593:
7584:
7575:
7563:
7544:
7535:
7526:
7517:
7508:
7499:
7490:
7481:
7472:
7461:
7452:
7443:
7440:Spain: A History
7434:
7425:
7416:
7407:
7398:
7389:
7386:Spain: A History
7380:
7371:
7362:
7350:
7341:
7332:
7323:
7290:
7270:
7261:
7238:
7237:
7235:
7233:
7218:
7197:
7182:
6973:
6958:
6943:
6872:
6857:
6698:
6683:
6668:
6653:
6638:
6585:
6570:
6555:
6350:
6335:
6320:
6305:
6290:
6275:
6260:
6245:
6230:
6215:
6200:
6185:
6170:
6155:
5902:
5879:
5848:
5809:
5630:
5551:
5526:
5517:
5446:
5434:
5245:
5120:
5089:
4986:
4971:
4956:
4925:
4792:
4769:
4754:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4718:
4555:
4540:
4519:
4488:
4473:
4460:
4407:
4402:
4379:
4377:Albertinian line
4374:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4166:
4151:
4136:
4121:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4085:
3902:
3887:
3868:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3487:
3482:
3429:
3428:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3393:
3392:
3378:
3377:
3369:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3335:
3324:
3315:
3314:
3298:
3287:
3278:
3277:
3261:
3250:
3241:
3238:full text online
3235:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3195:
3184:
3175:
3174:
3158:
3147:
3138:
3137:
3123:
3114:
3113:
3097:
3086:
3077:
3076:
3060:
3049:
3040:
3037:full text online
3034:
3025:"Maximilian II."
3020:
3011:
3010:
2994:
2983:
2974:
2973:
2957:
2946:
2937:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2894:
2883:
2874:
2873:
2865:
2854:
2845:
2834:
2802:
2801:
2693:
2692:
2660:
2659:
2555:
2554:
2534:
2533:
2513:
2512:
2492:
2491:
2395:
2394:
2378:
2377:
2351:
2350:
2334:
2333:
2187:
2186:
2168:
2167:
2158:Ferdinand I
2143:
2142:
2126:
2125:
2043:
2042:
2036:Queen of Castile
2026:
2025:
1999:
1998:
1986:
1985:
1800:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1737:
1713:
1705:
1675:decline of Spain
1668:Plaza de Oriente
1651:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1631:
1608:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1590:
1572:
1565:
1459:the Two Sicilies
1416:duke of Burgundy
1390:Titles and style
1269:Sebastian Vrancx
1265:Army of Flanders
1183:retook Barcelona
1098:Spanish currency
970:Junta de Armadas
914:falta de cabezas
907:Caspar de Crayer
842:Army of Flanders
768:
767: 1631–1632
765:
691:
688:
541:Margarita Teresa
537:Habsburg Austria
488:
485:
437:King of Portugal
398:
332:
331:
277:
259:
257:
237:
235:
188:
172:Crown of Castile
160:
158:
122:
119:31 March 1621 –
103:King of Portugal
77:
74:31 March 1621 –
44:
32:
31:
21:
15230:
15229:
15225:
15224:
15223:
15221:
15220:
15219:
15080:
15079:
15078:
15073:
15069:
15064:
15057:Infante Alfonso
15049:Infante Charles
14993:Infante Charles
14977:Infante Charles
14921:Infante Charles
14913:Infante Alfonso
14884:
14879:
14849:
14844:
14838:
14833:
14714:Philip Prospero
14529:
14524:
14494:
14489:
14482:
14474:
14466:
14458:
14450:
14442:
14434:
14424:
14398:24th generation
14393:
14367:23rd generation
14362:
14302:22nd generation
14297:
14266:21st generation
14261:
14234:20th generation
14229:
14213:19th generation
14208:
14197:18th generation
14192:
14161:17th generation
14156:
14147:Infante António
14125:16th generation
14120:
14093:15th generation
14088:
14058:14th generation
14053:
14022:13th generation
14017:
13986:12th generation
13981:
13934:11th generation
13929:
13898:10th generation
13893:
13852:
13816:
13790:
13774:
13753:
13732:
13706:
13680:
13664:
13633:
13628:
13598:
13593:
13551:
13528:19th generation
13519:
13481:18th generation
13472:
13456:
13440:
13408:
13400:17th generation
13391:
13374:
13368:
13364:Hubert Salvator
13321:
13315:
13295:16th generation
13290:
13251:Peter Ferdinand
13246:Josef Ferdinand
13226:Franz Ferdinand
13214:15th generation
13209:
13190:Charles Stephen
13175:Ludwig Salvator
13138:14th generation
13133:
13042:13th generation
13037:
13013:Cardinal Rudolf
12961:12th generation
12956:
12925:11th generation
12920:
12894:
12853:
12839:Leopold Wilhelm
12802:
12721:
12690:
12669:
12653:
12637:
12611:
12604:
12599:
12569:
12564:
12559:
12554:
12546:
12535:16th generation
12530:
12519:15th generation
12514:
12505:Infante Alfonso
12493:14th generation
12488:
12474:Infante Gonzalo
12452:13th generation
12447:
12411:12th generation
12406:
12365:11th generation
12360:
12314:10th generation
12309:
12273:
12254:Infante Gabriel
12227:
12186:
12170:
12154:
12128:
12097:
12066:
12050:
12039:
12034:
12004:
11991:
11948:
11940:
11931:
11906:
11894:
11872:
11841:
11833:
11810:
11802:
11787:
11779:
11764:
11756:
11694:
11686:
11646:
11638:
11629:
11568:
11556:
11534:
11479:
11471:
11434:
11426:
11411:
11403:
11388:
11380:
11371:
11300:
11288:
11274:
11265:
11235:
11230:
11021:
10992:
10987:
10957:
10952:
10942:
10742:
10737:
10707:
10702:
10691:
10663:
10632:
10590:
10561:
10500:
10491:
10425:
10420:
10390:
10385:
10366:
10325:- Upper Navarre
10317:
10286:- Upper Navarre
10278:
10262:- Upper Navarre
10254:
10208:- Lower Navarre
10200:
10184:- Lower Navarre
10182:House of Albret
10176:
10164:House of Albret
10158:
10149:Francis Phoebus
10135:
10098:
10071:House of Évreux
10065:
10022:
9989:
9906:
9880:
9871:
9841:
9836:
9818:
9780:
9724:
9656:
9647:
9614:
9605:
9575:
9570:
9552:
9509:
9471:
9408:
9399:
9356:
9347:
9317:
9312:
9229:
9191:
9182:
9151:
9138:
9133:
9098:
9090:
9080:
9071:
9063:
9048:
9039:
9031:
9013:
9010:Count of Artois
9002:
8989:
8984:
8975:
8968:Duke of Brabant
8963:
8959:
8948:
8940:
8929:
8919:
8910:
8888:
8879:
8869:
8860:
8852:
8831:
8825:
8824:
8817:
8790:
8787:
8770:, ed. (1911). "
8755:
8753:
8751:
8744:
8726:
8722:
8702:
8698:
8690:
8686:
8679:
8665:
8661:
8656:
8649:
8641:
8637:
8629:
8618:
8610:
8606:
8598:
8594:
8586:
8579:
8571:
8564:
8556:
8549:
8541:
8537:
8529:
8525:
8517:
8513:
8505:
8501:
8489:
8484:
8480:
8472:
8468:
8460:
8456:
8446:
8444:
8443:(in Portuguese)
8433:
8432:
8428:
8420:
8413:
8405:
8398:
8390:
8386:
8381:
8377:
8369:
8365:
8357:
8353:
8345:
8341:
8333:
8329:
8321:
8314:
8306:
8302:
8294:
8290:
8282:
8278:
8270:
8266:
8258:
8254:
8246:
8242:
8234:
8230:
8222:
8218:
8207:
8206:
8202:
8197:
8193:
8188:
8184:
8173:
8166:
8158:
8149:
8141:
8134:
8126:
8122:
8114:
8110:
8102:
8098:
8092:Corteguera 2002
8090:
8086:
8078:
8074:
8066:
8062:
8054:
8050:
8042:
8038:
8032:Polisensky 1971
8030:
8023:
8015:
8011:
8003:
7999:
7993:Corteguera 2002
7991:
7987:
7979:
7975:
7967:
7963:
7955:
7951:
7943:
7939:
7931:
7927:
7919:
7915:
7907:
7903:
7895:
7891:
7883:
7874:
7866:
7859:
7851:
7847:
7839:
7832:
7824:
7817:
7809:
7805:
7797:
7790:
7782:
7775:
7767:
7763:
7755:
7751:
7743:
7739:
7731:
7722:
7714:
7710:
7702:
7691:
7683:
7674:
7666:
7657:
7649:
7645:
7637:
7630:
7623:
7609:
7605:
7601:
7596:
7560:
7275:Jonathan, Brown
7251:
7242:
7241:
7231:
7229:
7220:
7219:
7215:
7195:
7194:
7191:
7180:
7179:
7176:
6971:
6970:
6967:
6956:
6955:
6952:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6870:
6869:
6866:
6855:
6854:
6851:
6696:
6695:
6692:
6681:
6680:
6677:
6666:
6665:
6662:
6660:Leopold Wilhelm
6651:
6650:
6647:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6583:
6582:
6579:
6568:
6567:
6564:
6553:
6552:
6549:
6348:
6347:
6344:
6333:
6332:
6329:
6318:
6317:
6314:
6303:
6302:
6299:
6288:
6287:
6284:
6273:
6272:
6269:
6258:
6257:
6254:
6243:
6242:
6239:
6228:
6227:
6224:
6213:
6212:
6209:
6198:
6197:
6194:
6183:
6182:
6179:
6168:
6167:
6164:
6153:
6152:
6149:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5877:
5876:
5873:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5628:
5627:
5624:
5549:
5548:
5545:
5518:
5515:
5435:
5432:
5243:
5242:
5239:
5118:
5117:
5114:
5087:
5086:
5083:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4954:
4953:
4950:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4790:
4789:
4787:Duke of Austria
4786:
4767:
4766:
4764:Duke of Austria
4763:
4752:
4751:
4749:Duke of Austria
4748:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4728:Duke of Austria
4727:
4716:
4715:
4713:Duke of Austria
4712:
4553:
4552:
4550:Duke of Austria
4549:
4538:
4537:
4536:Duke of Austria
4535:
4517:
4516:
4514:Duke of Austria
4513:
4486:
4485:
4483:Duke of Austria
4482:
4471:
4470:
4458:
4457:
4455:Duke of Austria
4454:
4405:Leopoldian line
4403:
4400:
4375:
4372:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4164:
4163:
4161:Duke of Austria
4160:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4134:
4133:
4131:Duke of Austria
4130:
4119:
4118:
4116:Duke of Austria
4115:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4083:
4082:
4079:
3900:
3899:
3897:Duke of Austria
3896:
3885:
3884:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3483:
3480:
3420:
3391:
3382:
3381:
3359:
3355:
3325:
3318:
3288:
3281:
3251:
3244:
3226:"Ferdinand II."
3222:
3215:
3185:
3178:
3148:
3141:
3124:
3117:
3087:
3080:
3050:
3043:
3021:
3014:
2984:
2977:
2947:
2940:
2921:
2914:
2884:
2877:
2855:
2848:
2835:
2828:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2650:Philip III
2552:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2524:Charles II
2510:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2388:Duke of Bavaria
2387:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2019:King of Castile
2018:
1984:
1801:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1738:
1736:
1726:
1714:
1703:
1652:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1621:
1609:
1605:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1578:needs expansion
1563:
1392:
1376:María de Ágreda
1317:María de Ágreda
1310:
1246:Gonzales Coques
1225:Diego Velázquez
1191:
998:
958:
924:and elsewhere.
891:
867:loss of Dunkirk
789:on the side of
766:
751:
711:Giovanni Botero
689:
628:
608:María de Ágreda
604:Diego Velázquez
486:
476:
441:Diego Velázquez
326:
274:among others...
271:
270:
262:
261:
258: 1649)
253:
249:
239:
231:
227:
224:
206:
190:
186:
162:
156:
154:
121:1 December 1640
120:
111:
75:
66:
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15228:
15218:
15217:
15212:
15207:
15202:
15197:
15192:
15187:
15182:
15177:
15172:
15167:
15162:
15157:
15152:
15150:Lay Dominicans
15147:
15142:
15137:
15132:
15127:
15122:
15117:
15112:
15107:
15102:
15097:
15092:
15075:
15074:
15067:
15065:
15063:
15062:
15054:
15046:
15038:
15030:
15022:
15017:Infanta Joanna
15014:
15006:
15001:Infanta Joanna
14998:
14990:
14982:
14974:
14966:
14958:
14953:Infante Philip
14950:
14942:
14934:
14926:
14918:
14910:
14905:Infante Felipe
14901:
14900:
14898:(2014-present)
14894:Infanta Leonor
14889:
14886:
14885:
14878:
14877:
14870:
14863:
14855:
14846:
14845:
14836:
14834:
14832:
14831:
14823:
14815:
14807:
14799:
14791:
14783:
14775:
14767:
14759:
14751:
14743:
14735:
14727:
14719:
14711:
14703:
14695:
14687:
14679:
14671:
14663:
14655:
14647:
14639:
14631:
14623:
14615:
14607:
14599:
14591:
14583:
14575:
14567:
14559:
14551:
14543:
14534:
14531:
14530:
14523:
14522:
14515:
14508:
14500:
14491:
14490:
14429:
14426:
14425:
14423:
14422:
14414:
14408:
14401:
14399:
14395:
14394:
14392:
14391:
14383:
14377:
14370:
14368:
14364:
14363:
14361:
14360:
14352:
14344:
14336:
14330:
14324:
14318:
14312:
14305:
14303:
14299:
14298:
14296:
14295:
14289:
14281:
14275:
14269:
14267:
14263:
14262:
14260:
14259:
14253:
14248:
14243:
14237:
14235:
14231:
14230:
14228:
14227:
14222:
14216:
14214:
14210:
14209:
14207:
14206:
14200:
14198:
14194:
14193:
14191:
14190:
14185:
14180:
14178:Infante Carlos
14175:
14170:
14164:
14162:
14158:
14157:
14155:
14154:
14149:
14144:
14139:
14134:
14128:
14126:
14122:
14121:
14119:
14118:
14113:
14108:
14103:
14096:
14094:
14090:
14089:
14087:
14086:
14083:Infante Alonso
14080:
14074:
14071:Infante Carlos
14068:
14061:
14059:
14055:
14054:
14052:
14051:
14043:
14037:
14031:
14025:
14023:
14019:
14018:
14016:
14015:
14010:
14005:
14000:
13995:
13989:
13987:
13983:
13982:
13980:
13979:
13974:
13969:
13964:
13959:
13954:
13949:
13943:
13937:
13935:
13931:
13930:
13928:
13927:
13922:
13917:
13912:
13907:
13901:
13899:
13895:
13894:
13892:
13891:
13886:
13881:
13876:
13871:
13866:
13860:
13858:
13857:9th generation
13854:
13853:
13851:
13850:
13845:
13840:
13835:
13830:
13824:
13822:
13821:8th generation
13818:
13817:
13815:
13814:
13809:
13804:
13798:
13796:
13795:7th generation
13792:
13791:
13789:
13788:
13782:
13780:
13779:6th generation
13776:
13775:
13773:
13772:
13767:
13761:
13759:
13758:5th generation
13755:
13754:
13752:
13751:
13746:
13740:
13738:
13737:4th generation
13734:
13733:
13731:
13730:
13725:
13720:
13714:
13712:
13711:3rd generation
13708:
13707:
13705:
13704:
13699:
13694:
13688:
13686:
13685:2nd generation
13682:
13681:
13679:
13678:
13672:
13670:
13669:1st generation
13666:
13665:
13638:
13635:
13634:
13627:
13626:
13619:
13612:
13604:
13595:
13594:
13592:
13591:
13585:
13579:
13573:
13567:
13560:
13557:
13556:
13553:
13552:
13550:
13549:
13544:
13538:
13536:
13529:
13525:
13524:
13521:
13520:
13518:
13517:
13512:
13507:
13502:
13497:
13491:
13489:
13482:
13478:
13477:
13474:
13473:
13471:
13470:
13464:
13462:
13458:
13457:
13455:
13454:
13448:
13446:
13442:
13441:
13439:
13438:
13433:
13428:
13423:
13418:
13412:
13410:
13401:
13397:
13396:
13393:
13392:
13390:
13389:
13384:
13378:
13376:
13370:
13369:
13367:
13366:
13361:
13356:
13351:
13346:
13341:
13336:
13331:
13325:
13323:
13317:
13316:
13314:
13313:
13308:
13302:
13296:
13292:
13291:
13289:
13288:
13286:Joseph Francis
13283:
13278:
13273:
13268:
13266:Albrecht Franz
13263:
13261:Franz Salvator
13258:
13253:
13248:
13243:
13238:
13236:Ferdinand Karl
13233:
13228:
13223:
13217:
13215:
13211:
13210:
13208:
13207:
13202:
13197:
13192:
13187:
13182:
13177:
13172:
13167:
13162:
13157:
13152:
13147:
13141:
13139:
13135:
13134:
13132:
13131:
13126:
13121:
13119:Heinrich Anton
13116:
13111:
13106:
13101:
13099:Leopold Ludwig
13096:
13091:
13086:
13081:
13076:
13074:Karl Ferdinand
13071:
13066:
13061:
13056:
13051:
13045:
13043:
13039:
13038:
13036:
13035:
13030:
13025:
13020:
13015:
13010:
13005:
13000:
12995:
12990:
12985:
12980:
12975:
12970:
12964:
12962:
12958:
12957:
12955:
12954:
12949:
12944:
12939:
12937:Charles Joseph
12934:
12928:
12926:
12922:
12921:
12919:
12918:
12913:
12911:Leopold Joseph
12908:
12902:
12900:
12899:9th generation
12896:
12895:
12893:
12892:
12890:Charles Joseph
12887:
12882:
12877:
12872:
12867:
12861:
12859:
12858:8th generation
12855:
12854:
12852:
12851:
12846:
12841:
12836:
12831:
12826:
12821:
12816:
12810:
12808:
12807:7th generation
12804:
12803:
12801:
12800:
12795:
12790:
12785:
12780:
12775:
12770:
12768:Maximilian III
12765:
12760:
12755:
12750:
12745:
12740:
12735:
12729:
12727:
12726:6th generation
12723:
12722:
12720:
12719:
12714:
12709:
12704:
12698:
12696:
12695:5th generation
12692:
12691:
12689:
12688:
12683:
12677:
12675:
12674:4th generation
12671:
12670:
12668:
12667:
12661:
12659:
12658:3rd generation
12655:
12654:
12652:
12651:
12645:
12643:
12642:2nd generation
12639:
12638:
12636:
12635:
12630:
12625:
12619:
12617:
12616:1st generation
12613:
12612:
12609:
12606:
12605:
12598:
12597:
12590:
12583:
12575:
12566:
12565:
12563:
12562:
12557:
12551:
12548:
12547:
12545:
12544:
12538:
12536:
12532:
12531:
12529:
12528:
12522:
12520:
12516:
12515:
12513:
12512:
12507:
12502:
12496:
12494:
12490:
12489:
12487:
12486:
12481:
12476:
12471:
12466:
12461:
12455:
12453:
12449:
12448:
12446:
12445:
12440:
12435:
12430:
12425:
12420:
12414:
12412:
12408:
12407:
12405:
12404:
12399:
12394:
12389:
12384:
12379:
12374:
12368:
12366:
12362:
12361:
12359:
12358:
12353:
12348:
12343:
12338:
12333:
12328:
12323:
12317:
12315:
12311:
12310:
12308:
12307:
12302:
12297:
12292:
12287:
12281:
12279:
12278:9th generation
12275:
12274:
12272:
12271:
12266:
12261:
12256:
12251:
12246:
12241:
12235:
12233:
12232:8th generation
12229:
12228:
12226:
12225:
12220:
12215:
12210:
12205:
12200:
12194:
12192:
12191:7th generation
12188:
12187:
12185:
12184:
12178:
12176:
12175:6th generation
12172:
12171:
12169:
12168:
12162:
12160:
12159:5th generation
12156:
12155:
12153:
12152:
12147:
12142:
12136:
12134:
12133:4th generation
12130:
12129:
12127:
12126:
12124:Infante Alonso
12121:
12116:
12114:Infante Carlos
12111:
12105:
12103:
12102:3rd generation
12099:
12098:
12096:
12095:
12090:
12085:
12080:
12074:
12072:
12071:2nd generation
12068:
12067:
12065:
12064:
12058:
12056:
12055:1st generation
12052:
12051:
12044:
12041:
12040:
12033:
12032:
12025:
12018:
12010:
12001:
12000:
11997:
11996:
11993:
11992:
11990:
11989:
11983:
11977:
11971:
11968:Marie-Adélaïde
11965:
11959:
11952:
11950:
11949:(1890–present)
11942:
11941:
11934:
11932:
11930:
11929:
11923:
11917:
11910:
11908:
11896:
11895:
11882:
11881:
11878:
11877:
11874:
11873:
11871:
11870:
11862:
11854:
11845:
11843:
11835:
11834:
11832:
11831:
11823:
11814:
11812:
11804:
11803:
11801:
11800:
11791:
11789:
11781:
11780:
11778:
11777:
11768:
11766:
11758:
11757:
11755:
11754:
11746:
11738:
11723:
11715:
11707:
11698:
11696:
11688:
11687:
11685:
11684:
11676:
11667:
11659:
11650:
11648:
11640:
11639:
11632:
11630:
11628:
11627:
11619:
11608:
11597:
11589:
11581:
11572:
11570:
11558:
11557:
11544:
11543:
11540:
11539:
11536:
11535:
11533:
11532:
11524:
11516:
11508:
11500:
11492:
11483:
11481:
11473:
11472:
11470:
11469:
11461:
11450:
11438:
11436:
11432:House of Namur
11428:
11427:
11425:
11424:
11415:
11413:
11405:
11404:
11402:
11401:
11392:
11390:
11386:House of Namur
11382:
11381:
11374:
11372:
11370:
11369:
11361:
11353:
11345:
11337:
11329:
11321:
11313:
11304:
11302:
11290:
11289:
11276:
11275:
11264:
11263:
11256:
11249:
11241:
11232:
11231:
11229:
11228:
11223:
11218:
11213:
11211:Victor Amadeus
11208:
11203:
11198:
11193:
11188:
11183:
11178:
11173:
11168:
11163:
11158:
11153:
11148:
11143:
11138:
11133:
11128:
11123:
11118:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11098:
11093:
11088:
11083:
11078:
11073:
11068:
11063:
11058:
11053:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11032:
11030:
11023:
11022:
11020:
11019:
11014:
11009:
11003:
11001:
10994:
10993:
10986:
10985:
10978:
10971:
10963:
10954:
10953:
10947:
10944:
10943:
10941:
10940:
10931:
10926:
10921:
10912:
10905:
10896:
10890:
10884:
10878:
10872:
10866:
10860:
10854:
10848:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10811:
10806:
10801:
10793:
10788:
10780:
10775:
10764:
10759:
10754:
10747:
10744:
10743:
10736:
10735:
10728:
10721:
10713:
10704:
10703:
10696:
10693:
10692:
10690:
10689:
10684:
10679:
10674:
10669:
10658:
10653:
10648:
10643:
10638:
10627:
10622:
10617:
10612:
10607:
10601:
10599:
10592:
10591:
10589:
10588:
10583:
10578:
10572:
10570:
10563:
10562:
10560:
10559:
10552:
10547:
10542:
10537:
10532:
10527:
10522:
10517:
10511:
10509:
10502:
10501:
10494:
10492:
10490:
10489:
10482:
10477:
10472:
10467:
10462:
10457:
10452:
10447:
10442:
10436:
10434:
10427:
10426:
10419:
10418:
10411:
10404:
10396:
10387:
10386:
10378:King of France
10374:King of Aragon
10371:
10368:
10367:
10365:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10349:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10328:
10326:
10319:
10318:
10316:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10289:
10287:
10280:
10279:
10277:
10276:
10271:
10265:
10263:
10256:
10255:
10253:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10232:
10227:
10222:
10217:
10211:
10209:
10202:
10201:
10199:
10198:
10193:
10187:
10185:
10178:
10177:
10175:
10174:
10168:
10166:
10160:
10159:
10157:
10156:
10151:
10145:
10143:
10137:
10136:
10134:
10133:
10128:
10121:
10114:
10108:
10106:
10100:
10099:
10097:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10081:
10075:
10073:
10067:
10066:
10064:
10063:
10058:
10053:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10032:
10030:
10028:House of Capet
10024:
10023:
10021:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10005:
9999:
9997:
9991:
9990:
9988:
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9975:García Ramírez
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9897:García Íñiguez
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9197:Personal union
9193:
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9157:Dynastic union
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8842:Regnal titles
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8785:External links
8783:
8768:Chisholm, Hugh
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8531:Stevenson 1912
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8519:Stevenson 1912
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8407:Stradling 1988
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7957:Stradling 1988
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7945:Stradling 1988
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7897:Stradling 1988
7889:
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7784:Stevenson 1912
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7745:Stradling 1988
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7639:Stevenson 1912
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7568:Wedgwood, C.V.
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7516:. London: NEL.
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6965:Charles Joseph
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6233:
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6222:Maximilian III
6218:
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5127:
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5122:
5121:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5084:the Posthumous
5077:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5055:
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5007:
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4859:
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4122:
4109:
4107:
4088:
4086:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3890:
3888:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3364:, ed. (1911).
3362:Chisholm, Hugh
3353:
3330:, ed. (1861).
3316:
3293:, ed. (1861).
3279:
3256:, ed. (1861).
3242:
3213:
3190:, ed. (1861).
3176:
3153:, ed. (1861).
3139:
3115:
3092:, ed. (1860).
3078:
3055:, ed. (1860).
3041:
3012:
2989:, ed. (1860).
2975:
2952:, ed. (1861).
2938:
2912:
2889:, ed. (1860).
2875:
2863:"Joanna"
2860:, ed. (1911).
2858:Chisholm, Hugh
2846:
2825:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2793:Philip IV
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2482:Philip II
2477:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2381:
2379:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2337:
2335:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2171:
2169:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2133:Charles V
2129:
2127:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2029:
2027:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1928:María Calderón
1924:
1923:
1922:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1892:
1889:
1880:
1877:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1858:and had issue.
1849:
1846:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1803:
1802:
1717:
1715:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1654:
1653:
1612:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1595:
1575:
1573:
1562:
1559:
1523:Canary Islands
1391:
1388:
1309:
1306:
1289:Jacques Callot
1281:Willem Hondius
1257:el Rey Planeta
1190:
1187:
1079:sumptuary laws
1067:Unión de Armas
997:
994:
957:
954:
890:
887:
750:
747:
707:Justus Lipsius
627:
624:
612:María Calderón
504:and his wife,
475:
472:
456:Spanish Empire
400:
399:
392:
388:
387:
382:
378:
377:
372:
368:
367:
362:
358:
357:
352:
346:
345:
342:
341:
337:
336:
328:
327:
325:
324:
319:
314:
309:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
280:
278:
264:
263:
251:
245:
244:
243:
242:
229:
225:
220:
219:
218:
217:
214:
212:
208:
207:
202:
200:
196:
195:
189:(aged 60)
183:
179:
178:
152:
148:
147:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
117:
113:
112:
105:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
72:
68:
67:
60:
54:
53:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15227:
15216:
15213:
15211:
15208:
15206:
15203:
15201:
15198:
15196:
15193:
15191:
15188:
15186:
15183:
15181:
15178:
15176:
15173:
15171:
15168:
15166:
15163:
15161:
15158:
15156:
15153:
15151:
15148:
15146:
15143:
15141:
15138:
15136:
15133:
15131:
15128:
15126:
15123:
15121:
15118:
15116:
15113:
15111:
15108:
15106:
15103:
15101:
15098:
15096:
15093:
15091:
15088:
15087:
15085:
15061:
15058:
15055:
15053:
15050:
15047:
15045:
15042:
15039:
15037:
15034:
15031:
15029:
15026:
15023:
15021:
15018:
15015:
15013:
15010:
15007:
15005:
15002:
14999:
14997:
14994:
14991:
14989:
14986:
14983:
14981:
14978:
14975:
14973:
14970:
14967:
14965:
14962:
14961:Infante Diego
14959:
14957:
14954:
14951:
14949:
14946:
14943:
14941:
14938:
14935:
14933:
14930:
14927:
14925:
14922:
14919:
14917:
14914:
14911:
14909:
14906:
14903:
14902:
14899:
14896:
14895:
14891:
14890:
14887:
14883:
14876:
14871:
14869:
14864:
14862:
14857:
14856:
14853:
14830:
14827:
14824:
14822:
14819:
14816:
14814:
14811:
14808:
14806:
14803:
14800:
14798:
14795:
14792:
14790:
14787:
14784:
14782:
14779:
14776:
14774:
14771:
14768:
14766:
14763:
14760:
14758:
14755:
14752:
14750:
14747:
14744:
14742:
14739:
14736:
14734:
14731:
14728:
14726:
14723:
14720:
14718:
14715:
14712:
14710:
14707:
14704:
14702:
14699:
14696:
14694:
14691:
14688:
14686:
14683:
14680:
14678:
14675:
14672:
14670:
14667:
14664:
14662:
14659:
14656:
14654:
14651:
14648:
14646:
14643:
14640:
14638:
14635:
14632:
14630:
14627:
14624:
14622:
14619:
14616:
14614:
14611:
14608:
14606:
14603:
14600:
14598:
14595:
14592:
14590:
14587:
14584:
14582:
14579:
14576:
14574:
14571:
14568:
14566:
14563:
14560:
14558:
14555:
14552:
14550:
14547:
14544:
14542:
14539:
14536:
14535:
14532:
14528:
14521:
14516:
14514:
14509:
14507:
14502:
14501:
14498:
14488:
14480:
14472:
14464:
14456:
14448:
14440:
14432:
14427:
14420:
14419:
14415:
14412:
14409:
14406:
14403:
14402:
14400:
14396:
14389:
14388:
14384:
14381:
14378:
14375:
14372:
14371:
14369:
14365:
14358:
14357:
14353:
14350:
14349:
14345:
14342:
14341:
14337:
14334:
14331:
14328:
14325:
14322:
14319:
14316:
14313:
14310:
14307:
14306:
14304:
14300:
14293:
14290:
14287:
14286:
14282:
14279:
14276:
14274:
14271:
14270:
14268:
14264:
14257:
14254:
14252:
14249:
14247:
14244:
14242:
14239:
14238:
14236:
14232:
14226:
14223:
14221:
14218:
14217:
14215:
14211:
14205:
14202:
14201:
14199:
14195:
14189:
14186:
14184:
14181:
14179:
14176:
14174:
14171:
14169:
14166:
14165:
14163:
14159:
14153:
14150:
14148:
14145:
14143:
14140:
14138:
14135:
14133:
14130:
14129:
14127:
14123:
14117:
14114:
14112:
14109:
14107:
14104:
14101:
14098:
14097:
14095:
14091:
14084:
14081:
14078:
14075:
14072:
14069:
14066:
14063:
14062:
14060:
14056:
14049:
14048:
14044:
14041:
14038:
14035:
14032:
14030:
14027:
14026:
14024:
14020:
14014:
14011:
14009:
14006:
14004:
14001:
13999:
13996:
13994:
13991:
13990:
13988:
13984:
13978:
13975:
13973:
13970:
13968:
13965:
13963:
13960:
13958:
13955:
13953:
13950:
13947:
13944:
13942:
13939:
13938:
13936:
13932:
13926:
13923:
13921:
13918:
13916:
13913:
13911:
13908:
13906:
13903:
13902:
13900:
13896:
13890:
13887:
13885:
13882:
13880:
13877:
13875:
13872:
13870:
13867:
13865:
13862:
13861:
13859:
13855:
13849:
13846:
13844:
13841:
13839:
13836:
13834:
13831:
13829:
13826:
13825:
13823:
13819:
13813:
13810:
13808:
13805:
13803:
13800:
13799:
13797:
13793:
13787:
13784:
13783:
13781:
13777:
13771:
13768:
13766:
13763:
13762:
13760:
13756:
13750:
13747:
13745:
13742:
13741:
13739:
13735:
13729:
13726:
13724:
13721:
13719:
13716:
13715:
13713:
13709:
13703:
13700:
13698:
13695:
13693:
13690:
13689:
13687:
13683:
13677:
13674:
13673:
13671:
13667:
13662:
13658:
13654:
13650:
13646:
13645:House of Aviz
13642:
13636:
13632:
13625:
13620:
13618:
13613:
13611:
13606:
13605:
13602:
13590:
13586:
13584:
13580:
13578:
13574:
13572:
13568:
13566:
13562:
13561:
13558:
13548:
13545:
13543:
13540:
13539:
13537:
13533:
13530:
13526:
13516:
13513:
13511:
13508:
13506:
13503:
13501:
13498:
13496:
13493:
13492:
13490:
13486:
13483:
13479:
13469:
13466:
13465:
13463:
13459:
13453:
13450:
13449:
13447:
13443:
13437:
13434:
13432:
13429:
13427:
13424:
13422:
13419:
13417:
13414:
13413:
13411:
13405:
13402:
13398:
13388:
13385:
13383:
13380:
13379:
13377:
13371:
13365:
13362:
13360:
13357:
13355:
13352:
13350:
13347:
13345:
13342:
13340:
13339:Leopold Maria
13337:
13335:
13332:
13330:
13327:
13326:
13324:
13318:
13312:
13309:
13307:
13304:
13303:
13300:
13297:
13293:
13287:
13284:
13282:
13279:
13277:
13274:
13272:
13271:Karl Albrecht
13269:
13267:
13264:
13262:
13259:
13257:
13254:
13252:
13249:
13247:
13244:
13242:
13239:
13237:
13234:
13232:
13229:
13227:
13224:
13222:
13219:
13218:
13216:
13212:
13206:
13203:
13201:
13200:Joseph August
13198:
13196:
13193:
13191:
13188:
13186:
13183:
13181:
13180:John Salvator
13178:
13176:
13173:
13171:
13170:Karl Salvator
13168:
13166:
13163:
13161:
13160:Ludwig Viktor
13158:
13156:
13153:
13151:
13148:
13146:
13143:
13142:
13140:
13136:
13130:
13127:
13125:
13122:
13120:
13117:
13115:
13112:
13110:
13107:
13105:
13102:
13100:
13097:
13095:
13092:
13090:
13087:
13085:
13084:Wilhelm Franz
13082:
13080:
13077:
13075:
13072:
13070:
13067:
13065:
13062:
13060:
13057:
13055:
13052:
13050:
13047:
13046:
13044:
13040:
13034:
13031:
13029:
13026:
13024:
13021:
13019:
13016:
13014:
13011:
13009:
13006:
13004:
13003:Rainer Joseph
13001:
12999:
12996:
12994:
12991:
12989:
12986:
12984:
12981:
12979:
12976:
12974:
12971:
12969:
12966:
12965:
12963:
12959:
12953:
12950:
12948:
12945:
12943:
12940:
12938:
12935:
12933:
12930:
12929:
12927:
12923:
12917:
12914:
12912:
12909:
12907:
12904:
12903:
12901:
12897:
12891:
12888:
12886:
12883:
12881:
12878:
12876:
12873:
12871:
12868:
12866:
12863:
12862:
12860:
12856:
12850:
12847:
12845:
12842:
12840:
12837:
12835:
12832:
12830:
12827:
12825:
12822:
12820:
12817:
12815:
12812:
12811:
12809:
12805:
12799:
12796:
12794:
12791:
12789:
12786:
12784:
12783:Ferdinand III
12781:
12779:
12776:
12774:
12771:
12769:
12766:
12764:
12761:
12759:
12756:
12754:
12751:
12749:
12746:
12744:
12741:
12739:
12736:
12734:
12731:
12730:
12728:
12724:
12718:
12715:
12713:
12710:
12708:
12707:Maximilian II
12705:
12703:
12700:
12699:
12697:
12693:
12687:
12684:
12682:
12679:
12678:
12676:
12672:
12666:
12663:
12662:
12660:
12656:
12650:
12647:
12646:
12644:
12640:
12634:
12631:
12629:
12626:
12624:
12621:
12620:
12618:
12614:
12607:
12603:
12596:
12591:
12589:
12584:
12582:
12577:
12576:
12573:
12558:
12553:
12552:
12549:
12543:
12540:
12539:
12537:
12533:
12527:
12524:
12523:
12521:
12517:
12511:
12508:
12506:
12503:
12501:
12500:Juan Carlos I
12498:
12497:
12495:
12491:
12485:
12482:
12480:
12477:
12475:
12472:
12470:
12467:
12465:
12462:
12460:
12457:
12456:
12454:
12450:
12444:
12441:
12439:
12436:
12434:
12431:
12429:
12426:
12424:
12421:
12419:
12416:
12415:
12413:
12409:
12403:
12400:
12398:
12395:
12393:
12390:
12388:
12385:
12383:
12380:
12378:
12375:
12373:
12370:
12369:
12367:
12363:
12357:
12354:
12352:
12349:
12347:
12344:
12342:
12339:
12337:
12334:
12332:
12329:
12327:
12324:
12322:
12319:
12318:
12316:
12312:
12306:
12303:
12301:
12298:
12296:
12293:
12291:
12288:
12286:
12283:
12282:
12280:
12276:
12270:
12267:
12265:
12262:
12260:
12257:
12255:
12252:
12250:
12247:
12245:
12242:
12240:
12237:
12236:
12234:
12230:
12224:
12221:
12219:
12216:
12214:
12211:
12209:
12206:
12204:
12201:
12199:
12196:
12195:
12193:
12189:
12183:
12180:
12179:
12177:
12173:
12167:
12164:
12163:
12161:
12157:
12151:
12148:
12146:
12143:
12141:
12138:
12137:
12135:
12131:
12125:
12122:
12120:
12117:
12115:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12106:
12104:
12100:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12079:
12076:
12075:
12073:
12069:
12063:
12060:
12059:
12057:
12053:
12048:
12042:
12038:
12031:
12026:
12024:
12019:
12017:
12012:
12011:
12008:
11987:
11984:
11981:
11978:
11975:
11972:
11969:
11966:
11963:
11960:
11957:
11954:
11953:
11951:
11947:
11943:
11938:
11927:
11924:
11921:
11918:
11915:
11912:
11911:
11909:
11905:
11901:
11897:
11892:
11887:
11883:
11866:
11863:
11858:
11855:
11850:
11847:
11846:
11844:
11840:
11836:
11827:
11824:
11819:
11816:
11815:
11813:
11809:
11805:
11796:
11795:Maximilian II
11793:
11792:
11790:
11786:
11782:
11773:
11770:
11769:
11767:
11763:
11759:
11750:
11747:
11742:
11739:
11734:
11727:
11724:
11719:
11716:
11711:
11708:
11703:
11700:
11699:
11697:
11693:
11689:
11680:
11677:
11671:
11668:
11663:
11660:
11655:
11652:
11651:
11649:
11645:
11641:
11636:
11623:
11620:
11617:
11614:(1411–1415),
11612:
11609:
11606:
11601:
11598:
11593:
11590:
11585:
11584:Wenceslaus II
11582:
11577:
11574:
11573:
11571:
11567:
11563:
11559:
11554:
11549:
11545:
11528:
11525:
11520:
11517:
11512:
11509:
11504:
11501:
11496:
11493:
11488:
11485:
11484:
11482:
11478:
11474:
11465:
11462:
11459:
11456:(1197–1214),
11454:
11451:
11448:
11445:(1197–1247),
11443:
11440:
11439:
11437:
11433:
11429:
11420:
11417:
11416:
11414:
11410:
11406:
11397:
11394:
11393:
11391:
11387:
11383:
11378:
11365:
11362:
11357:
11354:
11349:
11346:
11341:
11338:
11333:
11330:
11325:
11322:
11317:
11314:
11309:
11306:
11305:
11303:
11299:
11295:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11277:
11273:
11269:
11262:
11257:
11255:
11250:
11248:
11243:
11242:
11239:
11227:
11226:Ferdinand III
11224:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11214:
11212:
11209:
11207:
11204:
11202:
11199:
11197:
11194:
11192:
11189:
11187:
11184:
11182:
11179:
11177:
11174:
11172:
11169:
11167:
11164:
11162:
11159:
11157:
11154:
11152:
11149:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11139:
11137:
11136:Frederick III
11134:
11132:
11129:
11127:
11124:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11033:
11031:
11028:
11024:
11018:
11015:
11013:
11010:
11008:
11005:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10995:
10991:
10984:
10979:
10977:
10972:
10970:
10965:
10964:
10961:
10951:
10945:
10935:
10932:
10930:
10927:
10925:
10922:
10916:
10913:
10911:
10910:
10906:
10900:
10897:
10894:
10891:
10888:
10885:
10882:
10879:
10876:
10873:
10870:
10867:
10864:
10861:
10858:
10855:
10852:
10849:
10846:
10845:Ferdinand III
10843:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10815:
10812:
10810:
10807:
10805:
10802:
10797:
10794:
10792:
10789:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10768:
10765:
10763:
10760:
10758:
10755:
10752:
10749:
10748:
10745:
10741:
10734:
10729:
10727:
10722:
10720:
10715:
10714:
10711:
10700:
10694:
10688:
10685:
10683:
10680:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10631:
10628:
10626:
10623:
10621:
10618:
10616:
10613:
10611:
10608:
10606:
10603:
10602:
10600:
10597:
10593:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10574:
10573:
10571:
10568:
10564:
10558:
10557:
10553:
10551:
10548:
10546:
10543:
10541:
10538:
10536:
10533:
10531:
10528:
10526:
10523:
10521:
10518:
10516:
10513:
10512:
10510:
10507:
10506:House of Aviz
10503:
10498:
10488:
10487:
10483:
10481:
10478:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10446:
10443:
10441:
10438:
10437:
10435:
10432:
10428:
10424:
10417:
10412:
10410:
10405:
10403:
10398:
10397:
10394:
10383:
10379:
10375:
10369:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10357:Ferdinand III
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10329:
10327:
10324:
10320:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10281:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10266:
10264:
10261:
10257:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10212:
10210:
10207:
10203:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10188:
10186:
10183:
10179:
10173:
10170:
10169:
10167:
10165:
10161:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10146:
10144:
10142:
10141:House of Foix
10138:
10132:
10129:
10127:
10126:
10122:
10120:
10119:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10109:
10107:
10105:
10101:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10076:
10074:
10072:
10068:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10033:
10031:
10029:
10025:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
10000:
9998:
9996:
9992:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9928:
9926:
9925:Jimeno Garcés
9923:
9921:
9918:
9917:
9915:
9913:
9909:
9903:
9902:Fortún Garcés
9900:
9898:
9895:
9893:
9890:
9889:
9887:
9883:
9879:
9875:
9868:
9863:
9861:
9856:
9854:
9849:
9848:
9845:
9833:
9830:
9829:
9827:
9825:
9821:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9791:
9789:
9787:
9783:
9777:
9773:
9770:
9768:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9741:
9739:
9736:
9735:
9733:
9731:
9727:
9721:
9718:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9695:Ferdinand III
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9667:
9665:
9663:
9659:
9654:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9625:
9623:
9621:
9617:
9613:
9609:
9602:
9597:
9595:
9590:
9588:
9583:
9582:
9579:
9567:
9564:
9563:
9561:
9559:
9555:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9520:
9518:
9516:
9512:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9482:
9480:
9478:
9474:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9419:
9417:
9415:
9411:
9406:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9367:
9365:
9363:
9359:
9355:
9351:
9344:
9339:
9337:
9332:
9330:
9325:
9324:
9321:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9303:Juan Carlos I
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9278:Ferdinand VII
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9240:
9238:
9236:
9232:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9202:
9200:
9198:
9194:
9189:
9179:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9166:
9163:
9162:
9160:
9158:
9154:
9150:
9146:
9141:
9137:
9130:
9125:
9123:
9118:
9116:
9111:
9110:
9107:
9097:
9096:
9089:
9083:
9079:
9070:
9069:
9062:
9056:
9053:Royal titles
9051:
9047:
9038:
9037:
9030:
9024:
9021:
9020:
9016:
9012:
9011:
9006:
9001:
9000:
8996:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8978:
8973:
8969:
8962:
8958:
8952:
8947:
8946:
8939:
8933:
8928:
8927:
8926:Duke of Milan
8922:
8918:
8909:
8908:
8904:
8900:
8896:
8895:King of Spain
8891:
8887:
8878:
8877:
8872:
8868:
8859:
8858:
8851:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8828:
8823:
8822:
8813:
8808:
8805:
8801:
8800:
8794:
8789:
8788:
8782:
8779:
8778:
8773:
8769:
8764:
8763:public domain
8745:
8743:9788419385031
8739:
8735:
8731:
8724:
8716:
8712:
8711:
8706:
8700:
8694:, p. 164
8693:
8688:
8680:
8678:9780313308277
8674:
8670:
8663:
8657:Davenport, p.
8654:
8652:
8644:
8643:Haliczer 2002
8639:
8632:
8631:Haliczer 2002
8627:
8625:
8623:
8621:
8613:
8612:Haliczer 2002
8608:
8601:
8596:
8589:
8588:Haliczer 2002
8584:
8582:
8575:, p. 142
8574:
8569:
8567:
8559:
8554:
8552:
8544:
8543:Ishikawa 2004
8539:
8532:
8527:
8520:
8515:
8508:
8503:
8495:
8494:
8487:
8482:
8475:
8470:
8463:
8458:
8442:
8441:
8436:
8430:
8423:
8418:
8416:
8408:
8403:
8401:
8393:
8392:Anderson 1988
8388:
8379:
8372:
8367:
8361:, p. 228
8360:
8355:
8348:
8347:Haliczer 2002
8343:
8336:
8335:Anderson 1988
8331:
8324:
8319:
8317:
8310:, p. 248
8309:
8304:
8297:
8292:
8285:
8280:
8274:, p. 156
8273:
8268:
8261:
8256:
8250:, p. 157
8249:
8244:
8237:
8232:
8225:
8220:
8212:
8211:
8204:
8195:
8186:
8180:
8176:
8171:
8169:
8161:
8156:
8154:
8152:
8144:
8143:Ishikawa 2004
8139:
8137:
8130:, p. 222
8129:
8124:
8118:, p. 539
8117:
8112:
8106:, p. 221
8105:
8100:
8094:, p. 143
8093:
8088:
8081:
8076:
8070:, p. 144
8069:
8064:
8058:, p. 156
8057:
8052:
8046:, p. 219
8045:
8040:
8034:, p. 224
8033:
8028:
8026:
8019:, p. 264
8018:
8013:
8007:, p. 320
8006:
8005:Ringrose 1998
8001:
7995:, p. 134
7994:
7989:
7983:, p. 234
7982:
7977:
7971:, p. 248
7970:
7969:Williams 2006
7965:
7958:
7953:
7946:
7941:
7934:
7929:
7923:, p. 121
7922:
7917:
7911:, p. 526
7910:
7905:
7898:
7893:
7887:, p. 194
7886:
7881:
7879:
7877:
7870:, p. 232
7869:
7864:
7862:
7854:
7849:
7843:, p. 160
7842:
7837:
7835:
7827:
7822:
7820:
7813:, p. 139
7812:
7807:
7800:
7795:
7793:
7785:
7780:
7778:
7770:
7765:
7758:
7753:
7746:
7741:
7734:
7729:
7727:
7725:
7717:
7712:
7706:, p. 144
7705:
7704:Wedgwood 1981
7700:
7698:
7696:
7694:
7687:, p. 140
7686:
7681:
7679:
7677:
7670:, p. 217
7669:
7664:
7662:
7660:
7653:, p. 495
7652:
7651:Wedgwood 1981
7647:
7640:
7635:
7633:
7624:
7622:9780521323338
7618:
7614:
7607:
7603:
7591:
7586:
7582:
7577:
7573:
7569:
7565:
7561:
7559:0-521-32333-9
7555:
7551:
7546:
7542:
7537:
7533:
7528:
7524:
7519:
7515:
7510:
7506:
7501:
7497:
7492:
7488:
7483:
7479:
7474:
7470:
7469:
7463:
7459:
7454:
7450:
7445:
7441:
7436:
7432:
7427:
7423:
7418:
7414:
7409:
7405:
7400:
7396:
7391:
7387:
7382:
7378:
7373:
7369:
7364:
7360:
7356:
7355:Elliot, J. H.
7352:
7348:
7343:
7339:
7334:
7330:
7325:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7309:
7305:
7301:
7300:The Historian
7297:
7292:
7288:
7284:
7280:
7276:
7272:
7268:
7263:
7259:
7254:
7253:
7227:
7223:
7217:
7213:
7210:
7207:
7206:
7200:
7193:
7190:
7178:
7175:
7090:
7087:
7079:
7078:
7071:
7063:
6978:
6976:
6969:
6966:
6954:
6951:
6939:
6936:
6868:
6865:
6853:
6850:
6845:
6842:
6834:
6832:
6824:
6822:
6820:
6812:
6810:
6809:
6802:
6794:
6792:
6784:
6782:
6716:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6694:
6691:
6679:
6676:
6664:
6661:
6649:
6646:
6645:Ferdinand III
6632:
6581:
6578:
6566:
6563:
6551:
6548:
6535:
6532:
6524:
6522:
6514:
6512:
6504:
6502:
6500:
6492:
6490:
6482:
6481:
6474:
6466:
6454:
6446:
6444:
6436:
6434:
6384:
6368:
6355:
6353:
6346:
6343:
6331:
6328:
6316:
6313:
6301:
6298:
6286:
6283:
6271:
6268:
6256:
6253:
6241:
6238:
6226:
6223:
6211:
6208:
6196:
6193:
6181:
6178:
6166:
6163:
6151:
6148:
6143:
6140:
6132:
6130:
6122:
6120:
6112:
6110:
6102:
6100:
6092:
6090:
6082:
6080:
6072:
6070:
6062:
6060:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6040:
6038:
6037:
6030:
6006:
5994:
5986:
5974:
5958:
5956:
5932:
5930:
5920:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5898:
5895:
5875:
5872:
5844:
5841:
5840:Maximilian II
5805:
5802:
5789:
5786:
5770:
5768:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5734:
5694:
5692:
5647:
5645:
5626:
5623:
5547:
5544:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5422:
5419:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5337:
5305:
5303:
5263:
5261:
5250:
5248:
5241:
5238:
5185:
5183:
5125:
5123:
5116:
5113:
5085:
5082:
5053:
5051:
4991:
4989:
4982:
4979:
4967:
4964:
4952:
4949:
4948:Frederick III
4921:
4918:
4889:
4886:
4878:
4877:
4860:
4852:
4797:
4795:
4788:
4785:
4765:
4762:
4750:
4747:
4729:
4726:
4714:
4711:
4682:
4679:
4663:
4661:
4653:
4651:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4633:
4617:
4615:
4599:
4597:
4560:
4558:
4551:
4548:
4534:
4515:
4512:
4484:
4481:
4469:
4468:
4467:Frederick III
4456:
4453:
4440:
4438:
4406:
4378:
4342:
4339:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4303:
4301:
4293:
4291:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4273:
4265:
4263:
4245:
4205:
4203:
4192:
4190:
4177:
4174:
4162:
4159:
4147:
4144:
4132:
4129:
4117:
4114:
4096:
4093:
4081:
4078:
4049:
4046:
4038:
4036:
4028:
4026:
4018:
4016:
4008:
4006:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3978:
3962:
3960:
3936:
3934:
3907:
3905:
3898:
3895:
3883:
3864:
3861:
3808:
3805:
3797:
3795:
3779:
3778:
3771:
3747:
3694:
3692:
3679:
3676:
3623:
3621:
3563:
3561:
3548:
3545:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3485:Original line
3430:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3417:
3412:
3410:
3405:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3375:
3374:
3368:
3363:
3357:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3321:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3220:
3218:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3122:
3120:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3019:
3017:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2927:
2919:
2917:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2871:
2870:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2813:
2796:King of Spain
2794:
2772:
2770:
2722:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2687:
2684:
2654:
2653:King of Spain
2651:
2640:
2638:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2549:
2546:
2528:
2525:
2507:
2504:
2486:
2485:King of Spain
2483:
2478:
2476:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2389:
2386:
2385:Albert V
2372:
2369:
2345:
2342:
2328:
2325:
2310:
2307:
2299:
2297:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2233:
2231:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2181:
2176:
2162:
2159:
2137:
2134:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2109:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2075:
2073:
2065:
2063:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2037:
2034:
2020:
2017:
2016:Philip I
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1796:
1788:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1746: –
1745:
1741:
1740:Find sources:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1718:This section
1716:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1650:
1647:
1639:
1636:November 2020
1629:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1592:
1589:November 2020
1583:
1579:
1576:This section
1574:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1461:, Jerusalem,
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1436:Catholic King
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:Peter Snayers
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1238:Eugenio Caxés
1234:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:Iberian Union
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1071:Union of Arms
1068:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1002:
993:
991:
990:French navies
987:
983:
979:
975:
972:was the only
971:
967:
963:
953:
951:
947:
943:
939:
933:
931:
925:
923:
919:
915:
908:
904:
900:
895:
886:
884:
880:
876:
875:Maria Theresa
872:
868:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
830:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
803:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
761:
760:
755:
746:
744:
740:
736:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
695:
683:
679:
677:
672:
667:
665:
656:
651:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
580:
578:
577:bull-fighting
574:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
492:
480:
474:Personal life
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:King of Spain
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
397:
393:
389:
386:
383:
379:
376:
373:
369:
366:
363:
359:
356:
353:
351:
347:
338:
333:
329:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:Illegitimate:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
279:
276:
275:
269:
265:
248:
241:
240:
223:
216:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
184:
180:
177:
173:
169:
165:
153:
149:
145:
142:
139:
135:
132:
129:
125:
118:
114:
109:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
73:
69:
64:
59:
58:King of Spain
55:
50:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
15059:
15051:
15043:
15035:
15033:Infante John
15027:
15019:
15011:
15009:Infante John
15003:
14995:
14987:
14979:
14971:
14963:
14955:
14947:
14944:
14939:
14931:
14923:
14915:
14907:
14897:
14892:
14828:
14820:
14812:
14804:
14796:
14788:
14780:
14772:
14764:
14756:
14748:
14740:
14732:
14724:
14716:
14708:
14700:
14697:
14692:
14684:
14676:
14668:
14660:
14652:
14644:
14636:
14628:
14620:
14612:
14604:
14596:
14588:
14580:
14572:
14564:
14556:
14548:
14540:
14486:
14483:
14478:
14475:
14470:
14467:
14462:
14459:
14454:
14451:
14446:
14443:
14438:
14435:
14430:
14416:
14385:
14354:
14346:
14338:
14283:
14203:
14064:
14045:
13588:
13582:
13576:
13570:
13564:
13510:Karl Philipp
13382:Joseph Árpád
13349:Franz Joseph
13054:Joseph Franz
12993:Anton Victor
12834:Ferdinand IV
12813:
12712:Ferdinand II
12649:Maximilian I
12541:
12285:Fernando VII
12181:
12165:
12108:
11988:(since 2000)
11893:(since 1815)
11740:
11679:Maximilian I
11615:
11604:
11603:(1411–1443)
11576:Wenceslaus I
11527:Wenceslaus I
11457:
11446:
11195:
11171:Ferdinand II
11121:Frederick II
11106:Constance II
10934:Ferdinand IV
10915:Ferdinand IV
10907:
10899:Ferdinand IV
10874:
10830:Ferdinand II
10698:
10667:Ferdinand II
10585:
10555:
10485:
10342:Ferdinand II
10307:
10123:
10116:
9892:Íñigo Arista
9808:
9710:Ferdinand IV
9680:Alfonso VIII
9537:
9500:Ferdinand II
9298:Alfonso XIII
9258:Ferdinand VI
9219:
9093:
9066:
9034:
9017:
9008:
8966:
8943:
8924:
8893:
8874:
8855:
8833:
8829:8 April 1605
8826:
8819:
8797:
8775:
8752:
8733:
8723:
8714:
8709:
8699:
8692:Goodman 2005
8687:
8668:
8662:
8645:, p. 92
8638:
8633:, p. 27
8607:
8600:Goodman 2005
8595:
8590:, p. 26
8560:, p. 27
8558:Robbins 1998
8545:, p. 72
8538:
8533:, p. 11
8526:
8521:, p. 10
8514:
8507:Robbins 1998
8502:
8493:Art of Spain
8492:
8481:
8476:, p. 37
8474:Zagorin 1992
8469:
8457:
8445:. Retrieved
8438:
8429:
8409:, p. 20
8394:, p. 72
8387:
8378:
8373:, p. 55
8366:
8354:
8349:, p. 18
8342:
8337:, p. 44
8330:
8325:, p. 53
8303:
8298:, p. 61
8291:
8286:, p. 26
8284:Goodman 2002
8279:
8272:Goodman 2002
8267:
8262:, p. 34
8260:Goodman 2002
8255:
8248:Goodman 2002
8243:
8238:, p. 32
8236:Goodman 2002
8231:
8226:, p. 45
8224:Goodman 2002
8219:
8209:
8203:
8194:
8185:
8174:
8145:, p. 77
8123:
8111:
8099:
8087:
8075:
8063:
8051:
8039:
8012:
8000:
7988:
7976:
7964:
7959:, p. 43
7952:
7947:, p. 83
7940:
7935:, p. 32
7928:
7916:
7904:
7892:
7855:, p. 52
7848:
7806:
7771:, p. 28
7769:Robbins 1998
7764:
7759:, p. 31
7757:Robbins 1998
7752:
7747:, p. 84
7740:
7735:, p. 47
7711:
7646:
7641:, p. 12
7612:
7606:
7589:
7580:
7571:
7549:
7540:
7531:
7522:
7513:
7504:
7495:
7486:
7477:
7467:
7457:
7448:
7439:
7430:
7421:
7412:
7403:
7394:
7385:
7376:
7367:
7358:
7346:
7337:
7328:
7303:
7299:
7286:
7266:
7257:
7249:Bibliography
7230:. Retrieved
7225:
7216:
7208:
7188:
7173:
6964:
6949:
6935:Ferdinand IV
6934:
6863:
6848:
6689:
6674:
6659:
6644:
6631:John-Charles
6630:
6576:
6561:
6546:
6545:
6341:
6326:
6311:
6297:Ferdinand II
6296:
6281:
6266:
6251:
6236:
6221:
6206:
6191:
6176:
6161:
6146:
5893:
5871:Ferdinand II
5870:
5839:
5800:
5621:
5542:
5236:
5112:Maximilian I
5111:
5080:
4977:
4962:
4947:
4916:
4784:Frederick IV
4783:
4760:
4745:
4724:
4709:
4546:
4533:Frederick II
4532:
4510:
4479:
4466:
4451:
4172:
4157:
4146:the Friendly
4142:
4127:
4112:
4091:
4076:
3893:
3881:
3859:
3674:
3543:
3371:
3356:
3343:
3337:
3306:
3300:
3269:
3263:
3236:; (
3229:
3203:
3197:
3166:
3160:
3131:
3105:
3099:
3068:
3062:
3035:; (
3028:
3002:
2996:
2965:
2959:
2930:
2902:
2896:
2867:
2840:
2821:
2792:
2682:
2649:
2544:
2523:
2502:
2481:
2384:
2367:
2340:
2323:
2174:
2157:
2132:
2115:
2032:
2015:
1910:
1884:
1837:
1791:
1782:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1739:
1727:Please help
1722:verification
1719:
1690:
1672:
1642:
1633:
1614:
1586:
1582:adding to it
1577:
1526:
1440:
1393:
1373:
1357:
1349:canonization
1346:
1329:
1322:
1295:
1293:
1267:, including
1256:
1254:
1250:Angelo Nardi
1222:
1210:Lope de Vega
1207:
1178:
1175:Luis de Haro
1169:
1166:
1130:Reapers' War
1127:
1122:
1111:
1095:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1007:
973:
969:
965:
962:Spanish Navy
959:
956:Spanish Navy
934:
926:
913:
911:
854:Luis de Haro
831:
815:Spanish Road
804:
772:
757:
739:Luis de Haro
734:
731:
722:
701:
698:
668:
660:
655:Habsburg lip
629:
601:
581:
569:
565:appendicitis
549:
526:
522:Luis de Haro
495:
453:
432:
424:
420:
404:
403:
272:
187:(1665-09-17)
161:8 April 1605
46:
29:
15105:1665 deaths
15100:1605 births
15052:(1458-1461)
15044:(1461-1479)
15036:(1479-1497)
15028:(1498-1500)
15020:(1502-1509)
15004:(1509-1516)
14996:(1504-1516)
14988:(1527-1556)
14980:(1556-1568)
14972:(1571–1578)
14964:(1578-1582)
14956:(1582-1598)
14948:(1605-1621)
14940:(1629–1646)
14932:(1657-1661)
14924:(1661-1665)
14916:(1907–1931)
14908:(1977-2014)
14821:(1977–2014)
14805:(1881–1904)
14757:(1788–1808)
14725:(1661–1665)
14717:(1657–1661)
14709:(1629–1646)
14637:(1498–1500)
14029:Sebastião I
13431:Carl Ludwig
13155:Karl Ludwig
13094:Joseph Karl
12942:Leopold VII
12916:Charles III
12686:Ferdinand I
12623:Frederick V
12372:Alfonso XII
12208:Fernando VI
11982:(1964–2000)
11976:(1919–1964)
11970:(1912–1919)
11964:(1905–1912)
11958:(1890–1905)
11928:(1849–1890)
11926:William III
11922:(1840–1849)
11916:(1815–1840)
11907:(1815–1890)
11868:(1792–1794)
11860:(1790–1792)
11852:(1780–1790)
11842:(1780–1794)
11829:(1740–1780)
11821:(1713–1740)
11811:(1713–1780)
11798:(1712–1713)
11788:(1712–1713)
11775:(1700–1712)
11765:(1700–1712)
11752:(1665–1700)
11744:(1621–1665)
11736:(1598–1621)
11729:(1598–1621)
11721:(1556–1598)
11713:(1506–1556)
11710:Charles III
11705:(1482–1506)
11695:(1482–1700)
11682:(1477–1482)
11673:(1477–1482)
11665:(1467–1477)
11657:(1443–1467)
11647:(1443–1482)
11625:(1418–1425)
11595:(1388–1411)
11587:(1383–1388)
11579:(1354–1383)
11569:(1354–1443)
11555:(1354–1794)
11530:(1353–1354)
11522:(1346–1353)
11514:(1313–1346)
11506:(1288–1313)
11498:(1281–1288)
11490:(1247–1281)
11480:(1247–1354)
11467:(1214–1226)
11435:(1197–1247)
11422:(1196–1197)
11412:(1196–1197)
11399:(1136–1189)
11389:(1136–1189)
11367:(1131–1136)
11359:(1096–1131)
11351:(1086–1096)
11343:(1059–1086)
11335:(1047–1059)
11327:(1026–1047)
11201:Charles III
11156:Ferdinand I
11076:Frederick I
11066:Constance I
11061:William III
11029:(1130–1816)
11000:(1071–1130)
10938:(3rd reign)
10919:(2nd reign)
10903:(1st reign)
10893:Charles VII
10820:Ferdinand I
10799:(2nd reign)
10786:(1st reign)
10778:Charles III
10598:(1640–1910)
10569:(1581–1640)
10545:Sebastian I
10508:(1385–1580)
10480:Ferdinand I
10433:(1139–1383)
10352:Charles VII
10269:Ferdinand I
10089:Charles III
10008:Theobald II
9767:Ferdinand V
9670:Alfonso VII
9628:Ferdinand I
9548:Charles III
9485:Ferdinand I
9442:Alfonso III
9293:Alfonso XII
9283:Isabella II
9263:Charles III
9169:Ferdinand V
8573:Aercke 1994
8462:Parker 1984
8447:19 December
8424:, p. 8
8422:Elliot 1991
8308:Parker 1984
8296:Parker 1984
8160:Parker 2004
8116:Elliot 1984
8104:Parker 2004
8082:, p. 5
8080:MacKay 1999
8044:Parker 2004
8017:Parker 1984
7981:Parker 1984
7933:Elliot 1991
7921:Elliot 1970
7909:Elliot 1984
7899:, p. 8
7885:Elliot 1984
7868:Parker 1984
7841:Aercke 1994
7811:Aercke 1994
7786:, p. 7
7733:Elliot 1991
7718:, p. 5
7685:Aercke 1994
7306:(1): 1–18.
5622:Ferdinand I
4736: 1370
4511:Leopold III
4184: 1290
4103: 1289
3686: 1218
3555: 1188
2180:and Hungary
2119:of Portugal
1920:El Escorial
1905:, no issue.
1695:John Joseph
1527:terra firma
1434:Philip IV,
1432:Most Serene
1380:Inquisition
1042:Netherlands
922:Netherlands
903:court dwarf
690: 1636
487: 1612
447:during the
425:Rey Planeta
421:Planet King
385:Catholicism
204:El Escorial
127:Predecessor
82:Predecessor
15084:Categories
14065:Filipe III
13802:Fernando I
13723:Afonso III
13655:, and the
13407:Descent of
13375:of Hungary
13311:Maximilian
13059:Franz Karl
13028:Maximilian
12885:Leopold VI
12778:Wenceslaus
12773:Albert VII
12717:Charles II
12213:Carlos III
12093:Felipe III
11962:William IV
11920:William II
11749:Charles IV
11718:Philip III
11662:Charles II
11319:(998–1026)
11301:(963–1136)
11287:(963–1354)
11272:Luxembourg
11216:Charles IV
11196:Philip III
11181:Charles II
11046:William II
10887:Charles VI
10875:Philip III
10857:Charles IV
10851:Joanna III
10825:Alfonso II
10757:Charles II
10586:Philip III
10486:Beatrice I
10460:Afonso III
10362:Isabella I
10347:Charles VI
10332:Philip VII
10293:Charles IV
10125:Blanche II
10118:Charles IV
10084:Charles II
10079:Philip III
10003:Theobald I
9985:Sancho VII
9945:Sancho III
9814:Charles II
9804:Philip III
9763:Isabella I
9715:Alfonso XI
9690:Berengaria
9675:Sancho III
9638:Alfonso VI
9543:Charles II
9538:Philip III
9452:Alfonso IV
9422:Alfonso II
9395:Petronilla
9268:Charles IV
9235:Real union
9225:Charles II
9215:Philip III
9165:Isabella I
9099:1605–1621
9072:1605–1621
9046:Nicholas I
9040:1628–1634
8917:Charles II
8371:Munck 1990
8359:Kamen 2005
8323:Munck 1990
8128:Kamen 2005
8056:Kamen 2000
7853:Munck 1990
7799:Kamen 2005
7716:Darby 1994
7668:Kamen 2005
7599:References
7340:. Longman.
7232:28 October
7189:Charles VI
6968:of Austria
6864:Charles II
6663:of Austria
6634:of Austria
6580:of Austria
6565:of Austria
6345:of Austria
6315:of Austria
6252:Wenceslaus
6237:Albert VII
6195:of Austria
6162:Philip III
5894:Charles II
5240:of Castile
4920:of Germany
4746:Leopold IV
4547:Leopold II
4480:Albert III
4186:–1312/1313
4080:of Bohemia
3863:of Germany
3678:of Germany
3348:Wikisource
3311:Wikisource
3274:Wikisource
3208:Wikisource
3171:Wikisource
3110:Wikisource
3073:Wikisource
3007:Wikisource
2970:Wikisource
2907:Wikisource
2686:of Austria
2548:of Bavaria
2545:Maria Anna
2506:of Austria
2371:of Austria
2178:of Bohemia
1785:March 2019
1755:newspapers
1679:Charles II
1541:, lord of
1384:Charles II
899:cuirassier
819:Louis XIII
702:arbitrista
557:debauchery
529:Maria Anna
502:Philip III
464:Charles II
433:Philip III
423:(Spanish:
413:Portuguese
407:(Spanish:
168:Valladolid
157:1605-04-08
96:Charles II
86:Philip III
14985:Philip II
14945:Philip IV
14813:(1907–38)
14797:(1875–80)
14789:(1871–73)
14781:(1857–68)
14773:(1851–57)
14765:(1830–33)
14754:Ferdinand
14749:(1759–88)
14741:(1724–46)
14738:Ferdinand
14733:(1709–24)
14701:(1605–21)
14693:(1582–98)
14685:(1578–82)
14677:(1571–78)
14674:Ferdinand
14669:(1556–68)
14661:(1527–56)
14653:(1504–16)
14645:(1502–04)
14629:(1497–98)
14621:(1478–97)
14613:(1470–78)
14605:(1468–70)
14597:(1464–68)
14589:(1462–64)
14581:(1425–54)
14573:(1424–25)
14565:(1423–24)
14562:Catherine
14557:(1405–06)
14549:(1402–05)
14541:(1388–90)
14411:Manuel II
14183:Pedro III
14111:Afonso VI
14040:Filipe II
13765:Afonso IV
13718:Sancho II
13692:Afonso II
13461:Palatines
13409:Charles I
13373:Palatines
13354:Karl Pius
13329:Gottfried
13185:Friedrich
13109:Sigismund
12947:Ferdinand
12932:Joseph II
12824:Ferdinand
12793:Leopold V
12681:Charles I
12633:Sigismund
12628:Albert VI
12526:Felipe VI
12244:Carlos IV
12150:Carlos II
12109:Felipe IV
12062:Felipe II
11974:Charlotte
11914:William I
11818:Charles V
11741:Philip IV
11702:Philip II
11600:Elisabeth
11519:Charles I
11503:Henry VII
11442:Ermesinde
11364:Conrad II
11356:William I
11348:Henry III
11332:Giselbert
11311:(963–998)
11308:Siegfried
11221:Charles V
11206:Philip IV
11191:Philip II
11161:Alfonso I
11151:Martin II
11101:Charles I
11091:Conrad II
11056:Roger III
11041:William I
10929:Joachim I
10881:Charles V
10869:Philip II
10840:Louis III
10835:Frederick
10814:Alfonso I
10804:Joanna II
10796:Ladislaus
10783:Ladislaus
10751:Charles I
10687:Manuel II
10636:Peter III
10610:Afonso VI
10581:Philip II
10556:Anthony I
10470:Afonso IV
10455:Sancho II
10450:Afonso II
10313:Charles V
10308:Philip VI
10298:Philip IV
10250:Charles V
10230:Louis III
10220:Henry III
10154:Catherine
10094:Blanche I
10056:Charles I
10051:Philip II
9980:Sancho VI
9970:Alfonso I
9955:Sancho IV
9935:Sancho II
9809:Philip IV
9799:Philip II
9794:Charles I
9748:Henry III
9705:Sancho IV
9700:Alfonso X
9633:Sancho II
9566:Philip IV
9533:Philip II
9523:Charles I
9490:Alfonso V
9437:Peter III
9390:Ramiro II
9385:Alfonso I
9308:Felipe VI
9220:Philip IV
9210:Philip II
9205:Charles I
8981:Luxemburg
7826:Hume 1907
7541:Velazquez
7196:1685–1740
7181:1678–1711
6972:1649–1664
6957:1640–1705
6950:Leopold I
6942:1633–1654
6871:1661–1700
6856:1629–1646
6697:1630–1665
6682:1628–1662
6667:1614–1662
6652:1608–1657
6637:1605–1619
6584:1609–1641
6577:Ferdinand
6569:1607–1632
6554:1605–1665
6547:Philip IV
6349:1590–1624
6334:1586–1632
6327:Leopold V
6319:1583–1616
6304:1578–1637
6289:1560–1618
6274:1558–1600
6259:1561–1578
6244:1559–1621
6229:1558–1618
6214:1557–1619
6199:1553–1595
6184:1552–1612
6177:Rudolf II
6169:1578–1621
6154:1545–1568
5901:1540–1590
5878:1529–1595
5847:1527–1576
5808:1527–1598
5801:Philip II
5629:1503–1564
5550:1500–1558
5543:Charles V
5244:1478–1506
5119:1459–1519
5088:1440–1457
5081:Ladislaus
4985:1427–1496
4978:Sigismund
4970:1418–1463
4963:Albert VI
4955:1415–1493
4924:1397–1439
4917:Albert II
4791:1382–1439
4768:1377–1424
4753:1371–1411
4717:1377–1404
4710:Albert IV
4554:1328–1344
4539:1327–1344
4518:1351–1386
4487:1349–1395
4472:1347–1362
4459:1339–1365
4452:Rudolf IV
4176:Parricida
4165:1301–1339
4150:1299–1327
4135:1298–1358
4128:Albert II
4120:1290–1326
4113:Leopold I
4092:Frederick
4084:1281–1307
3901:1270–1290
3894:Rudolf II
3886:1263–1281
3867:1255–1308
2691:1584–1611
2658:1578–1621
2553:1551–1608
2393:1528–1579
2332:1528–1603
2041:1479–1555
2024:1478–1506
1972:in Italy.
1539:Barcelona
1537:, Tyrol,
1519:Gibraltar
1515:Algeciras
1408:Jerusalem
1338:Elisabeth
1034:Andalusia
1030:Catalonia
879:Louis XIV
715:Philip II
636:favourite
616:Juan José
593:astrology
589:geography
405:Philip IV
391:Signature
137:Successor
131:Philip II
92:Successor
35:Philip IV
14829:(2014– )
14802:Mercedes
14794:Isabella
14770:Isabella
14762:Isabella
14626:Isabella
14610:Isabella
14602:Isabella
14374:Carlos I
14251:Miguel I
14116:Pedro II
13952:João III
13925:Manuel I
13864:Afonso V
13828:Duarte I
13676:Sancho I
13659:through
13651:through
13641:Afonso I
13320:Habsburg
13276:Leo Karl
13069:Albrecht
12906:Joseph I
12763:Matthias
12753:Rudolf V
12047:Carlos I
11772:Philip V
11654:Philip I
11616:and then
11495:Henry VI
11458:and then
11453:Theobald
11396:Henry IV
11340:Conrad I
11324:Henry II
11268:Monarchs
11186:Philip I
11146:Martin I
11126:Peter II
11086:Conrad I
11081:Henry II
11036:Roger II
11017:Roger II
10924:Joseph I
10863:Philip I
10791:Louis II
10767:Joanna I
10682:Carlos I
10661:Maria II
10656:Miguel I
10651:Maria II
10646:Peter IV
10625:Joseph I
10615:Peter II
10576:Philip I
10540:John III
10535:Manuel I
10525:Afonso V
10520:Edward I
10445:Sancho I
10440:Afonso I
10337:Louis II
10303:Philip V
10274:Joan III
10245:Louis VI
10235:Louis IV
10225:Louis II
10196:Joan III
10191:Henry II
10172:John III
10036:Philip I
9960:Sancho V
9920:Sancho I
9874:Monarchs
9832:Philip V
9776:Philip I
9758:Henry IV
9738:Henry II
9608:Monarchs
9528:Philip I
9457:Peter IV
9447:James II
9427:Peter II
9370:Ramiro I
9350:Monarchs
9253:Philip V
9243:Philip V
9178:Philip I
9029:Isabella
8899:Sardinia
8707:(1726).
7570:(1981).
7320:24442462
7285:(eds.).
7174:Joseph I
6867:of Spain
6550:of Spain
6207:Matthias
6165:of Spain
5804:of Spain
5524:HRE line
5520:Austrian
5237:Philip I
4095:the Fair
4077:Rudolf I
3882:Hartmann
3860:Albert I
3675:Rudolf I
2683:Margaret
2327:of Spain
2116:Isabella
1982:Ancestry
1818:Bordeaux
1615:may not
1555:Algarves
1553:and the
1551:Portugal
1535:Flanders
1495:Sardinia
1475:Valencia
1422:, etc.,
1369:Zaragoza
1162:Zaragoza
1115:regalian
1075:brothels
1027:Valencia
1023:Portugal
946:Ayamonte
918:grandees
785:and the
644:Olivares
561:smallpox
381:Religion
355:Habsburg
14810:Alfonso
14778:Alfonso
14746:Charles
14722:Charles
14666:Charles
14650:Charles
14634:Michael
14594:Alfonso
14570:Eleanor
14309:Pedro V
14225:João VI
13910:João II
13786:Pedro I
13744:Dinis I
13535:Charles
13488:Charles
13452:Dominic
13445:Tuscany
13322:Tuscany
13281:Wilhelm
13089:Stephen
12978:Charles
12819:Charles
11956:Adolphe
11865:Francis
11857:Leopold
11826:Mary II
11622:John II
11611:Anthony
11487:Henry V
11464:Waleran
11316:Henry I
11116:James I
11111:Peter I
11096:Manfred
11071:Henry I
11051:Tancred
11007:Roger I
10773:Louis I
10699:italics
10672:Peter V
10641:John VI
10630:Maria I
10605:John IV
10550:Henry I
10530:John II
10475:Peter I
10465:Denis I
10380:. Also
10376:. Also
10240:Louis V
10215:Antoine
10131:Eleanor
10112:John II
10061:Joan II
10041:Louis I
10013:Henry I
9965:Peter I
9878:Navarre
9753:John II
9685:Henry I
9612:Castile
9495:John II
9432:James I
9380:Peter I
9248:Louis I
8995:Hainaut
8977:Limburg
8972:Lothier
8867:John IV
8765::
6562:Charles
6342:Charles
6282:Charles
5441:Iberian
5437:Spanish
4725:William
2839:at the
2800:1605–65
2532:1540–90
2511:1549–80
2490:1527–98
2376:1528–90
2349:1527–76
2185:1503–47
2166:1503–64
2141:1500–58
2124:1503–39
1769:scholar
1666:at the
1622:Please
1531:Brabant
1503:Corsica
1499:Cordoba
1491:Seville
1487:Minorca
1483:Majorca
1479:Galicia
1467:Granada
1463:Navarre
1447:Castile
1441:In the
1394:In the
1365:mystics
1342:Mariana
1229:Seville
1150:John IV
1102:Genoese
1015:Castile
986:English
942:Algarve
825:at the
783:Bohemia
671:grandee
553:Baroque
468:John IV
460:decline
427:), was
260:
252:
238:
230:
226:
211:Spouses
141:John IV
108:more...
63:more...
15060:(1416)
15012:(1509)
14826:Leonor
14818:Felipe
14698:Philip
14690:Philip
14658:Philip
14642:Joanna
14586:Joanna
14315:Luís I
14173:José I
14137:João V
13647:, the
13547:Amedeo
13515:Simeon
13505:Lorenz
13468:Eduard
13436:Rudolf
13421:Robert
13334:Rainer
13104:Ernest
12988:Joseph
12829:Alonso
12758:Ernest
12198:Luis I
11849:Joseph
11733:Albert
11670:Mary I
11511:John I
11176:Joanna
10948:*Also
10809:René I
10762:Robert
10677:Luís I
10620:John V
10515:John I
10046:John I
10018:Joan I
9774:&
9772:Joanna
9765:&
9743:John I
9643:Urraca
9505:Joanna
9467:Martin
9462:John I
9375:Sancho
9354:Aragon
9288:Amadeo
9273:Joseph
9176:&
9174:Joanna
9167:&
9061:Philip
8957:Albert
8907:Sicily
8903:Naples
8832:
8759:
8740:
8675:
7619:
7556:
7318:
7209:Notes:
6267:Andrew
6192:Ernest
6147:Carlos
5516:
5433:
4761:Ernest
4401:
4373:
3544:Albert
3481:
2822:Notes:
2033:Joanna
1970:Novara
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1742:
1701:Family
1687:regent
1561:Legacy
1547:Molina
1543:Biscay
1521:, the
1507:Murcia
1471:Toledo
1455:Aragon
1332:, the
1283:. The
1179:juntas
1134:Lisbon
1123:juntas
1119:feudal
1069:, or '
1063:juntas
1059:juntas
1050:person
1040:, the
1038:Naples
1021:, and
1019:Aragon
1010:empire
966:armada
930:Rocroi
862:Fronde
838:Rocroi
573:hunter
417:Filipe
371:Mother
361:Father
199:Burial
192:Madrid
51:, 1644
14730:Louis
14682:Diego
14578:Henry
14546:Maria
14538:Henry
13500:Georg
13426:Felix
13344:Anton
13195:Eugen
13008:Louis
11986:Henri
11592:Jobst
11141:Maria
11131:Louis
11012:Simon
10372:Also
9720:Peter
8999:Namur
8834:Died:
8827:Born:
8713:[
7316:JSTOR
4738:–1406
4143:Henry
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