Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

59: 910: 41: 1309: 1947: 1590:. These institutions were required to submit resolution plans, or "living wills," which the FDIC would execute in the event of their failure. A new division, the Office of Complex Financial Institutions, was created to administer these responsibilities. The act also made the insurance limit increase permanent and required the FDIC to submit a restoration plan whenever the insurance fund balance falls below 1.35% of insured deposits. The insurance fund returned to a positive balance at the start of 2011 and reached its required balance in 2018. That year also saw no bank failures for the first time since the crisis. 946:: As soon as the appropriate chartering authority closes the bank or thrift, the FDIC is appointed receiver. The FDIC as insurer pays all of the failed institution's depositors with insured funds the full amount of their insured deposits. Depositors with uninsured funds and other general creditors (such as suppliers and service providers) of the failed institution do not receive either immediate or full reimbursement; instead, the FDIC as receiver issues them receivership certificates. A receivership certificate entitles its holder to a portion of the receiver's collections on the failed institution's assets. 1733: 875:, was unable to recover from the savings and loan crisis. The existence of two separate funds for the same purpose led banks to shift business from one to the other, depending on the benefits each could provide. In the 1990s, SAIF premiums were, at one point, five times higher than BIF premiums; several banks attempted to qualify for the BIF, with some merging with institutions qualified for the BIF to avoid the higher premiums of the SAIF. This drove up the BIF premiums as well, resulting in a situation where both funds were charging higher premiums than necessary. 3701: 1382: 1617: 2090: 973: 591: 2023: 1004:

Covered Insured Depository Institution ("CIDI") resolution plan for US insured depositories with assets of $ 50 billion or more. Most of the largest, most complex BHCs are subject to both rules, requiring them to file a 165(d) resolution plan for the BHC that includes the BHC's core businesses and its most significant subsidiaries (i.e., "material entities"), as well as one or more CIDI plans depending on the number of US bank subsidiaries of the BHC that meet the $ 50 billion asset threshold.

430: 2271: 2250: 2210: 2189: 2148: 2230: 1985: 4411: 2072: 2041: 2005: 926:

all obligations and money due to the institution, preserve or liquidate its assets and property, and perform any other function of the institution consistent with its appointment. It also has the power to merge a failed institution with another insured depository institution and to transfer its assets and liabilities without the consent or approval of any other agency, court, or party with contractual rights. It may form a new institution, such as a

4431: 4421: 1908: 1812: 1890: 1753: 50: 1635: 2110: 1694: 1676: 2169: 1851: 1965: 1655: 1792: 1926: 1830: 1869: 1771: 1712: 1431:. In addition, the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (P.L.109-171) allows for the boards of the FDIC and the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) to consider inflation and other factors every five years beginning in 2010 and, if warranted, to adjust the amounts under a specified formula. 1279:

Without deposit insurance, bank depositors took the risk that their bank could run out of cash due to losses on its loans or an unexpected surge in withdrawals, leaving them with few options to recover their money. The failure of one bank might shift losses and withdrawal demands to others and spread

799:

For joint accounts, each co-owner is assumed (unless the account specifically states otherwise) to own the same fraction of the account as does each other co-owner (even though each co-owner may be eligible to withdraw all funds from the account). Thus if three people jointly own a $ 750,000 account,

1478:). Because of a confluence of events, much of the S&L industry was insolvent, and many large banks were in trouble as well. FSLIC's reserves were insufficient to pay off the depositors of all of the failing thrifts, and fell into insolvency. FSLIC was abolished in August 1989 and replaced by the 925:

The goals of receivership are to market the assets of a failed institution, liquidate them, and distribute the proceeds to the institution's creditors. The FDIC as receiver succeeds to the rights, powers, and privileges of the institution and its stockholders, officers, and directors. It may collect

765:

Each ownership category of a depositor's money is insured separately up to the insurance limit, and separately at each bank. Thus a depositor with $ 250,000 in each of three ownership categories at each of two banks would have six different insurance limits of $ 250,000, for total insurance coverage

521:

The FDIC is not supported by public funds; member banks' insurance dues are its primary source of funding. The FDIC charges premiums based upon the risk that the insured bank poses. When dues and the proceeds of bank liquidations are insufficient, it can borrow from the federal government, or issue

1578:

Although most failures were resolved through merger or acquisition, the FDIC's insurance fund was exhausted by late 2009. The largest FDIC payout for that year was for the failure of Florida-based BankUnited FSB, which cost the fund $ 5.6 billion out of $ 17 billion at the start of the year. Rather

1299:

The problem of bank instability was already apparent before the onset of the Great Depression. From 1921 to 1929, approximately 5,700 bank failures occurred, concentrated in rural areas. Nearly 10,000 failures occurred from 1929 to 1933, or more than one-third of all U.S. banks. A panic in February

1287:

After 1907, eight states established deposit insurance funds. Due to the lax regulation of banks and the widespread inability of banks to branch, small, local unit banks—often with poor financial health—grew in numbers, especially in the western and southern states. In 1921, there were about 31,000

1003:

To assist the FDIC in resolving an insolvent bank, covered institutions are required to submit a resolution plan which can be activated if necessary. In addition to the Bank Holding Company ("BHC") resolution plans required under the Dodd Frank Act under Section 165(d), the FDIC requires a separate

958:

In 1991, to comply with legislation, the FDIC amended its failure resolution procedures to decrease the costs to the deposit insurance funds. The procedures require the FDIC to choose the resolution alternative that is least costly to the deposit insurance fund of all possible methods for resolving

954:

that assumed the failed bank's deposits on behalf of the FDIC. This method fell into disuse after the law was revised in 1935 to allow the other options above, although it has been used occasionally when the FDIC determines that it is the most practical way to continue banking service to the failed

921:

Upon a determination that a bank is insolvent, its chartering authority—either a state banking department or the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency—closes it and appoints the FDIC as receiver. In its role as a receiver the FDIC is tasked with protecting the depositors and maximizing the

532:

The FDIC also examines and supervises certain financial institutions for safety and soundness, performs certain consumer-protection functions, and manages receiverships of failed banks. Quarterly reports are published indicating details of the banks' financial performance, including leverage ratio

1434:

FDIC-insured institutions are permitted to display a sign stating the terms of its insurance—that is, the per-depositor limit and the guarantee of the United States government. The FDIC describes this sign as a symbol of confidence for depositors. As part of a 1987 legislative enactment, Congress

1007:

On December 17, 2014, the FDIC issued guidance for the 2015 resolution plans of CIDIs of large bank holding companies (BHCs). The guidance provides clarity on the assumptions that are to be made in the CIDI resolution plans and what must be addressed and analyzed in the 2015 CIDI resolution plans

569:

When a bank becomes undercapitalized, the institution's primary regulator issues a warning to the bank. When the number drops below 6%, the primary regulator can change management and force the bank to take other corrective action. When the bank becomes critically undercapitalized the chartering

1329:

for bankers and depositors, and even denounced it as socialist. Yet public support was overwhelmingly in favor. On June 16, 1933, Roosevelt signed the 1933 Banking Act into law, creating the FDIC. The initial plan set by Congress in 1934 was to insure deposits up to $ 2,500 ($ 56,940 today) and

1063:

The president, with the consent of the Senate, also designates one of the appointed members as chairman of the board, to serve a five-year term and one of the appointed members as vice chairman of the board. The two ex officio members are the Comptroller of the Currency and the director of the

803:

The owner of a revocable trust account is generally insured up to $ 250,000 for each unique beneficiary (subject to special rules if there are more than five of them). Thus if there is a single owner of an account that is specified as in trust for (payable on death to, etc.) three different

922:

recoveries for the creditors of the failed institution. The FDIC as receiver is functionally and legally separate from the FDIC acting in its corporate role as deposit insurer. Courts have long recognized these dual and separate capacities as having distinct rights, duties and obligations.

2128: 1324:

himself was dubious about insuring bank deposits, saying, "We do not wish to make the United States Government liable for the mistakes and errors of individual banks, and put a premium on unsound banking in the future." Bankers likewise opposed insurance, arguing that it would create a

940:(P&A), in which deposits (liabilities) are assumed by an open bank, which also purchases some or all of the failed bank's loans (assets). The bank's assets that convey to the FDIC as receiver are sold and auctioned through various methods, including online, and using contractors. 1435:

passed a measure stating "it is the sense of the Congress that it should reaffirm that deposits up to the statutorily prescribed amount in federally insured depository institutions are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States", and similar language is used in

885:

was a critic of the system, saying, "We are, in effect, attempting to use government to enforce two different prices for the same item – namely, government-mandated deposit insurance. Such price differences only create efforts by market participants to

1059:

members. The three appointed members each serve six-year terms. These may continue to serve after the expiration of their terms of office until a successor has taken office. No more than three members of the board may be of the same political affiliation.

1422:

Congress approved a temporary increase in the deposit insurance limit from $ 100,000 to $ 250,000, which was effective from October 3, 2008, through December 31, 2010. On May 20, 2009, the temporary increase was extended through December 31, 2013. The

839:

of 2010, the FDIC is required to fund the DIF to at least 1.35% of all insured deposits; in 2020, the amount of insured deposits was approximately $ 8.9 trillion and therefore the fund requirement was $ 120 billion. During two banking crises—the

1509:

The final combined total for all direct and indirect losses of FSLIC and RTC resolutions was an estimated $ 152.9 billion. Of this total amount, U.S. taxpayer losses amounted to approximately $ 123.8 billion (81% of the total costs).

807:

On January 21, 2022, the Board of Directors passed a Final Rule to simplify the Ownership Categories by combining Revocable and Irrevocable Trusts into a single ownership category. The policy came into effect on April 4, 2022.

2404:

The latter plan was to insure all deposits up to $ 10,000 ($ 227,761), 75 percent of all deposits over $ 10,000 to $ 50,000 ($ 1,138,806), and 50 percent of anything over $ 50,000. Brackets indicate amount taking into account

1427:(P.L.111-203), which was signed into law on July 21, 2010, made the $ 250,000 insurance limit permanent, and extended the guarantee retroactively to January 1, 2008, meaning it covered uninsured deposits banks like 658:

The FDIC publishes a guide entitled "Your Insured Deposits", which sets forth the general characteristics of FDIC deposit insurance, and addresses common questions asked by bank customers about deposit insurance.

2992: 655:

bank is not considered to be a separate bank, even if the name differs. Non-US citizens are also covered by FDIC insurance as long as their deposits are in a domestic office of an FDIC-insured bank.

757:

or accounting errors, must be addressed through the bank or state or federal law. Deposit insurance also does not cover the failure of non-bank entities that use a bank to offer financial services.

1482:(RTC). On December 31, 1995, the RTC was merged into the FDIC, and the FDIC became responsible for resolving failed thrifts. Supervision of thrifts became the responsibility of a new agency, the 721:

Even though the word deposit appears in the name, under federal law a safe deposit box is not a deposit account – it is merely a secured storage space rented by an institution to a customer.

4057: 1330:

adoption of a more generous, long-term plan after six months. However, the latter plan was abandoned for an increase of the insurance limit to $ 5,000 (equivalent to $ 113,881 in 2023).

582:

The FDIC insures deposits at member banks in the event that a bank fails—that is, the bank's regulating authority decides that it no longer meets the requirements for remaining in business.

4075: 4090: 1495: 2598: 1575:

that guaranteed deposits and unsecured debt instruments used for day-to-day payments. To promote depositor confidence, Congress temporarily raised the insurance limit to $ 250,000.

823:(DIF) that it uses to pay its operating costs and the depositors of failed banks. The amount of each bank's premiums is based on its balance of insured deposits and the degree of 1284:

presented a bill to Congress proposing a national deposit insurance fund. No action was taken, as the legislature paid more attention to the agricultural depression at the time.

4120: 4832: 3903: 1579:

than borrowing from the FFB or the Treasury, the FDIC demanded three years of advance premiums from its member institutions and operated the fund with a negative net balance.

4847: 4827: 4115: 4080: 4062: 2688: 2323: 1499: 1424: 511: 4279: 4264: 930:, to take over the assets and liabilities of the failed institution, or it may sell or pledge the assets of the failed institution to the FDIC in its corporate capacity. 545:

To qualify for deposit insurance, member banks must follow certain liquidity and reserve requirements. Banks are classified in five groups according to their risk-based

3530: 1116: 796:

All amounts that a particular depositor has in accounts in any particular ownership category at a particular bank are added together and are insured up to $ 250,000.

510:

were common. The insurance limit was initially US$ 2,500 per ownership category, and this has been increased several times over the years. Since the enactment of the

1547:, another large bank, avoided failure through last-minute merger arrangements at the FDIC's insistence. At the height of the crisis in late 2008, Treasury secretary 1280:

into a panic. During the Panics of 1893 and 1907, many banks filed bankruptcy due to bank runs. Both of the panics renewed discussion on deposit insurance. In 1893,

3428: 4842: 2996: 2338: 4289: 848:—the FDIC has expended its entire insurance fund. On these occasions it has met insurance obligations directly from operating cash, or by borrowing through the 692:, a separate institution chartered by Congress, provides protection against the loss of many types of such securities in the event of a brokerage failure, but 461: 1535:. From 2008 to 2017 a total of 528 member institutions failed, with the annual number peaking at 157 in 2010. These included the largest failure to date, 4319: 3177:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda

2821: 1135: 3013: 514:

in 2010, the FDIC insures deposits in member banks up to $ 250,000 per ownership category. FDIC insurance is backed by the full faith and credit of the

3941: 3896: 2328: 1373:

The Banking Act of 1935 made the FDIC a permanent agency of the government and provided permanent deposit insurance maintained at the $ 5,000 level.

529:

As of June 2024, the FDIC provided deposit insurance at 4,539 institutions. As of Q2 2024, the Deposit Insurance Fund stood at $ 129.2 billion.

901:

As of December 31, 2022, the balance of FDIC's Deposit Insurance Fund is $ 128.2 billion. The year-end balance has increased every year since 2009.

4857: 4837: 4817: 4067: 3743: 3643: 4862: 4391: 4304: 749:

Deposit accounts are insured only against the failure of a member bank. Deposit losses that occur in the course of the bank's business, such as

667:

Only the above types of accounts are insured. Some types of uninsured products, even if purchased through a covered financial institution, are:

4807: 4329: 4299: 3334: 1467: 4822: 4414: 3889: 2540: 2520: 2503: 4105: 3799: 2439: 1587: 895: 483: 3212: 2930: 2606: 2333: 4269: 3308: 2369: 689: 454: 319: 1459:

Federal deposit insurance received its first large-scale test since the Great Depression in the late 1980s and early 1990s during the

4100: 3966: 2740: 1503: 4274: 3197:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States

2899: 2681: 506:

to restore trust in the American banking system. More than one-third of banks failed in the years before the FDIC's creation, and

4672: 4576: 4334: 97: 917:, is home to many administrative and support functions, though the most senior officials work at the main building in Washington 2375: 1874: 1293: 610: 4581: 4202: 3956: 3608:

Golembe, Carter, H. (1960). "The Deposit Insurance Legislation of 1933: An Examination of Its Antecedents and Its Purposes".

3598: 1572: 447: 819:

The FDIC receives no funding from the federal budget. Instead it assesses premiums on each member and accumulates them in a

4686: 4662: 3961: 3926: 3912: 3245: 2357: 2312: 1491: 1181: 192: 187: 3294: 647:

Accounts at different banks are insured separately. All branches of a bank are considered to form a single bank. Also, an

1321: 959:

the failed institution. Bids are submitted to the FDIC where they are reviewed and the least cost determination is made.

4187:

Credit by Banks and Persons Other Than Brokers or Dealers for the Purpose of Purchasing or Carrying Margin Stock (Reg U)

1045:

The board of directors is the governing body of the FDIC. The board is composed of five members, three appointed by the

4812: 4467: 4324: 4233: 3951: 3432: 1437: 212: 4314: 3779: 3506: 2874: 1513:

When the FDIC's Bank Insurance Fund was exhausted in 1990, it received authority from Congress to borrow through the

352: 4601: 4591: 4294: 4212: 3784: 3455: 3264:"Reform of Deposit Insurance (including the adjustment to $ 250,000 and allowing for adjustments every five years)" 58: 3871: 40: 4707: 4702: 4510: 3829: 951: 828: 709: 518:, and according to the FDIC, "since its start in 1933 no depositor has ever lost a penny of FDIC-insured funds". 515: 1517:(FFB). Using this facility, the FDIC borrowed $ 15 billion to strengthen the fund, and repaid the debt by 1993. 4682: 4586: 4095: 4009: 3946: 3857: 3808: 3554: 2354:– developed by the FDIC's Division of Risk Management Supervision (RMS) to rate each U.S. bank and credit union 1532: 1526: 1046: 845: 1296:. From 1893 to the FDIC's creation in 1933, 150 bills were submitted in Congress proposing deposit insurance. 933:

The two most common ways for the FDIC to resolve a closed institution and fulfill its role as a receiver are:

4652: 4606: 4243: 980:

Parts of this article (those related to the threshold change to $ 250 million from $ 50 million?) need to be

909: 774: 730: 230: 4667: 4596: 4381: 4284: 4158: 4148: 4143: 4052: 4042: 3862: 3309:"4000 – Advisory Opinions: Full Faith and Credit of U.S. Government Behind the FDIC Deposit Insurance Fund" 3204: 3184: 1483: 1479: 1475: 890:

the difference." Greenspan proposed "to end this game and merge SAIF and BIF". In February 2006, President

879: 868: 620: 172: 3480: 2716: 800:

the entire account balance is insured because each depositor's $ 250,000 share of the account is insured.

4616: 4611: 4541: 4536: 4309: 4238: 3848: 3844: 1292:

initially included a provision for nationwide deposit insurance, but it was removed from the bill by the

1151: 811:

On April 1, 2024, the Board of Directors changed how accounts held under the same name would be insured.

222: 3708:

White, Eugene, N. (1981). "State-Sponsored Insurance of Bank Deposits in the United States, 1907–1929".

2435: 783:

Revocable and irrevocable trust accounts (containing the words "Payable on death", "In trust for", etc.)

4852: 4657: 4636: 4566: 4561: 4551: 4546: 4248: 4207: 4047: 3931: 3757: 2318: 914: 235: 3543:

FDIC Announces Organizational Changes to Help Implement Recently Enacted Regulatory Reform by Congress

1308: 4786: 4692: 4037: 2363: 1313: 369: 3700: 3341: 1946: 4712: 4019: 4014: 2759: 1238: 742: 4697: 4626: 4505: 4365: 4110: 3680:

Walter, John (2005). "Depression-Era Bank Failures: The Great Contagion or the Great Shakeout?".

1460: 1454: 841: 409: 2664: 4631: 4460: 3195: 3175: 2937: 2307: 1514: 1360: 1281: 849: 630: 546: 523: 297: 160: 3693: 3277: 4728: 4621: 4526: 3737: 3637: 2798: 2464: 1212:

has nominated the following to replace members of the board. They await Senate confirmation.

637: 282: 20: 3770: 3312: 4748: 4556: 4386: 4360: 4217: 4197: 4085: 4027: 3984: 3876: 2486: 2406: 2351: 1351: 1050: 700: 434: 287: 217: 2737: 1732: 8: 3994: 3567: 3030: 2561: 2276: 2255: 2215: 2194: 2153: 1289: 1095: 499: 126: 3542: 3367: 1563:

proposed that the FDIC should guarantee debts across the US financial sector, including

1385:

Bank sign indicating the original insurance limit offered by the FDIC of $ 2,500 in 1934

986:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

4495: 4153: 3881: 3774: 3725: 3668: 3625: 1990: 1583: 836: 3840: 4781: 4453: 4430: 4420: 3989: 3788: 3729: 3689: 3672: 3651:

Shaw, Christopher (2015). "'The Man in the Street Is for It': The Road to the FDIC".

3594: 2870: 2235: 1536: 1300:

1933 spread so rapidly that most state governments ordered the closure of all banks.

867:(SAIF). This division reflected the FDIC's assumption of responsibility for insuring 623:(MMDAs, i.e., higher-interest savings accounts subject to check-writing restrictions) 606: 487: 3853: 3263: 3249: 1441: 4768: 4763: 4490: 4032: 4004: 3834: 3717: 3660: 3617: 3191: 3171: 2297: 2133: 1738: 1616: 1560: 1471: 1381: 1274: 898:(FDIRA). Among other purposes, the act merged the BIF and SAIF into a single fund. 715: 652: 503: 396: 64: 3557:, by Steve Quinlivan, article at dodd-frank.com, private website, August 10, 2010. 2784: 2089: 533:(but not CET1 Capital Requirements & Liquidity Coverage Ratio as specified in 4738: 4733: 4677: 4424: 4396: 3866: 3051: 3031:"Guidance for Covered Insured Depository Institution Resolution Plan Submissions" 2744: 1931: 1835: 1564: 1552: 616: 599: 491: 292: 269: 3591:

Inside the FDIC: Thirty Years of Bank Failures, Bailouts, and Regulatory Battles

2634: 1024:

Sales strategies must be feasible and supported by considerable acquirer detail.

780:

Joint accounts (accounts with more than one owner with equal rights to withdraw)

4758: 3036:. PricewaterhouseCoopers Financial Services Regulatory Practice. December 2014. 3019:. PricewaterhouseCoopers Financial Services Regulatory Practice. December 2014. 2022: 1797: 1776: 1660: 1161: 891: 882: 853: 824: 738: 734: 675: 590: 3721: 3664: 1586:

of 2010 created new authorities for the FDIC to address risks associated with

1260: 4801: 4743: 3792: 3406: 1970: 1717: 1548: 1270: 1266: 391: 347: 2270: 2249: 2209: 2188: 2147: 1343:

Gave the FDIC the authority to regulate and supervise state non-member banks

4434: 4178: 3999: 2229: 2095: 1556: 1487: 1326: 1191: 626: 571: 495: 357: 3804: 2635:"FDIC: When a Bank Fails - Facts for Depositors, Creditors, and Borrowers" 2395:

Around 491 commercial banks failed in 1893, and 243 between 1907 and 1908.

1984: 4531: 4500: 4355: 4350: 2620: 2302: 2174: 1640: 1568: 1389:

The per-depositor insurance limit has increased over time to accommodate

927: 679: 404: 255: 2961: 4058:

Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978

3762: 3629: 1055: 859:

Between 1989 and 2006, there were two separate FDIC reserve funds: the

683: 386: 1907: 4753: 4179:

Prohibition Against the Paying of Interest on Demand Deposits (Reg Q)

3014:"First take: Ten key points from the FDIC's resolution plan guidance" 2799:"FDIC Approves Final Rule Regarding Deposit Insurance Simplification" 2071: 2040: 2004: 1811: 1390: 1356:

Extended federal oversight to all commercial banks for the first time

1209: 1015:

The cause of CIDI failure must be a core business loss or impairment.

887: 804:

beneficiaries, the funds in the account are insured up to $ 750,000.

726: 699:

Exceptions have occurred, such as the FDIC bailout of bondholders of

534: 3621: 1889: 1369:

Allowed national banks to branch statewide, if allowed by state law.

4476: 1544: 1496:

Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989

950:

Originally the only resolution method was to establish a temporary

832: 648: 507: 381: 1018:

At least one "multiple acquirer strategy" is required in the plan.

3504: 1752: 1654: 1540: 1428: 203: 2822:"The FDIC Changes The Rules On Insured Accounts Owned By Trusts" 2127: 2109: 1791: 1693: 1675: 1634: 3210: 2541:

FDIC Quarterly - Quarterly Banking Profile: Second Quarter 2022

2521:

FDIC Quarterly - Quarterly Banking Profile: Fourth Quarter 2021

2487:

FDIC Quarterly - Quarterly Banking Profile: Second Quarter 2024

1925: 1829: 1502:(FDICIA). Federally chartered thrifts are now regulated by the 49: 4191:

Transactions Between Member Banks and Their Affiliates (Reg W)

2916: 2168: 1868: 1850: 1770: 1571:

resisted, and after negotiations the FDIC instead announced a

856:

with the Treasury on which it can borrow up to $ 100 billion.

770:

Single accounts (accounts not falling into any other category)

3533:, By Yalman Onaran, Bloomberg Businessweek, October 13, 2011. 2717:"FDIC Law, Regulations, Related Acts – Rules and Regulations" 1711: 1500:

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991

1347: 1340:

Gave the FDIC authority to provide deposit insurance to banks

872: 754: 750: 671: 1494:). The primary legislative responses to the crisis were the 4445: 2905:. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. December 31, 2022. 2562:"Regulatory Monitors: Policing Firms in the Compliance Era" 1964: 1337:

Established the FDIC as a temporary government corporation.

1261:

Panics of 1893 and 1907 and the Great Depression: 1893–1933

789:

Corporation/partnership/unincorporated association accounts

786:

Employee Benefit Plan accounts (deposits of a pension plan)

2979:

Banks and Thrifts: Government Enforcement and Receivership

2658: 2656: 1463:(which also affected commercial banks and savings banks). 1366:

Prohibited banks from paying interest on checking accounts

570:

authority closes the institution and appoints the FDIC as

3420: 3369:

A Brief History of Deposit Insurance in the United States

2324:

List of bank failures in the United States (2008–present)

1445:, a 1989 amendment to the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. 1425:

Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

636:

outstanding cashier's checks, interest checks, and other

512:

Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

4154:

Reserve Requirements for Depository Institutions (Reg D)

3911: 3083: 2339:

List of financial regulatory authorities by jurisdiction

827:

that it poses to the FDIC. The DIF is fully invested in

141: 4213:

Availability of Funds and Collection of Checks (Reg CC)

3822: 3805:"Federal Deposit Insurance for Banks and Credit Unions" 2993:"First take: Resolution plan guidance to largest firms" 2865:

Sicilia, David B. & Cruikshank, Jeffrey L. (2000).

2653: 1448: 852:. Another option, which it has never used, is a direct 766:

of $ 1,500,000. The distinct ownership categories are:

613:(interest-bearing checking accounts with a hold option) 3429:"WaMu's Bank Split From Holding Company, Sparing FDIC" 3226: 3119: 2581: 2579: 1036:

The CIDI must be insolvent at the start of resolution.

1027:

A detailed financial and liquidity analysis is needed.

4833:

Financial regulatory authorities of the United States

4140:

Extensions of Credit by Federal Reserve Banks (Reg A)

3555:

FDIC Creates Office of Complex Financial Institutions

2995:. PricewaterhouseCoopers. August 2014. Archived from 2641: 4848:

Independent agencies of the United States government

4828:

Corporations chartered by the United States Congress

3473: 3407:"Bank Failures in Brief – Summary 2001 through 2022" 3107: 2599:"FDIC insurance limit of $ 250,000 is now permanent" 1470:(FSLIC) had been created to insure deposits held by 1021:

A deep level of granularity is expected in the plan.

3447: 2576: 708:Investments backed by the U.S. government, such as 3942:Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council 3146: 3045: 3043: 2329:List of largest bank failures in the United States 1303: 4175:Privacy of Consumer Financial Information (Reg P) 2962:Senate Committee on Banking and Currency (1935). 4799: 3400: 3398: 3053:Managing the Crisis: The FDIC and RTC Experience 2894: 2892: 2665:"Deposit Insurance Funding: Assuring Confidence" 2430: 2428: 2426: 2345: 1506:(OCC), and state-chartered thrifts by the FDIC. 904: 16:US government agency providing deposit insurance 4843:Government-owned companies of the United States 4392:History of central banking in the United States 3165: 3163: 3161: 3040: 1531:The FDIC faced its greatest challenge from the 4203:Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices (Reg AA) 2674: 2504:FDIC Quarterly: Second Quarter Banking Profile 2366:—The inspiration for the formation of the FDIC 1468:Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation 1376: 4461: 3897: 3395: 3359: 2889: 2423: 1588:systemically important financial institutions 1520: 1359:Separated commercial and investment banking ( 1064:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). 611:negotiable order of withdrawal (NOW) accounts 455: 4572:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) 4163:Limitations on Interbank Liabilities (Reg F) 3856:of the Code of Federal Regulations from the 3742:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3642:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3246:"Changes in FDIC Deposit Insurance Coverage" 3158: 2535: 2533: 2465:"FDIC: Deposit Insurance Press Release FY24" 896:Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 562:Significantly undercapitalized: less than 6% 3073: 3071: 2754: 2752: 2711: 2709: 2334:Title 12 of the Code of Federal Regulations 19:"FDIC" redirects here. For other uses, see 4468: 4454: 3904: 3890: 3758:"Your Bank Has Failed: What Happens Next?" 3008: 3006: 2378:- the United Kingdom's equivalent to FDIC 2370:National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund 1346:Funded the FDIC with loans in the form of 690:Securities Investor Protection Corporation 643:accounts denominated in foreign currencies 602:, which, by the FDIC definition, include: 540: 462: 448: 57: 48: 39: 4678:National Bituminous Coal Conservation Act 4101:Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act 3967:Office of the Comptroller of the Currency 3485:Frontline: Money, Power & Wall Street 3335:"The Cost of the Savings and Loan Crisis" 3248:. fdic.gov. July 21, 2010. Archived from 2530: 1504:Office of the Comptroller of the Currency 835:that supplements the premiums. Under the 565:Critically undercapitalized: less than 2% 4166:International Banking Operations (Reg K) 4072:Competitive Equality Banking Act of 1987 3531:James Wigand, the FDIC's Complexity Czar 3190: 3170: 3095: 3068: 2749: 2706: 1380: 1350:contributions from the Treasury and the 1307: 1067: 908: 589: 4858:Organizations based in Washington, D.C. 4838:Government agencies established in 1933 4818:1933 establishments in Washington, D.C. 4577:Federal Emergency Relief Administration 3768: 3607: 3588: 3505:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. 3232: 3213:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" 3137: 3125: 3003: 2785:"FDIC: Understanding Deposit Insurance" 2647: 2621:"FDIC: Understanding Deposit Insurance" 2559: 1593: 1033:Resolution obstacles must be addressed. 1012:The assumption that the CIDI must fail. 773:Certain retirement accounts (including 760: 98:Federal government of the United States 4863:Deposit insurance in the United States 4800: 4194:Borrowers of Securities Credit (Reg X) 3679: 3545:, FDIC press release, August 10, 2010. 3481:"The Financial Crisis: The Interviews" 3456:"$ 5 Billion Said to Be Near for WaMu" 3113: 2850: 2841: 2832: 2779: 2777: 2585: 2376:Financial Services Compensation Scheme 4808:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 4449: 4183:Credit by Brokers and Dealers (Reg T) 3957:Financial Stability Oversight Council 3937:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 3885: 3863:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 3830:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 3800:History including Boards of Directors 3707: 3211:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 3101: 3089: 3077: 2931:"Chapter 2 – The Resolutions Process" 2917:"FDIC: Institution & Asset Sales" 2445:from the original on 6 September 2024 1573:Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program 1040: 577: 476:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 29:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 4823:Bank regulation in the United States 4698:Rural Electrification Administration 4663:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 4106:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act 3962:National Credit Union Administration 3927:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau 3913:Bank regulation in the United States 3650: 3453: 3426: 3365: 3152: 3049: 2886:Sicilia & Cruikshank, pp. 97–98. 2869:, pp. 96–97. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2694:from the original on 4 February 2024 2555: 2553: 2358:Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation 2313:Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act 1492:National Credit Union Administration 1449:S&L and bank crisis of the 1980s 1030:Key legal issues must be considered. 966: 662: 556:Adequately capitalized: 8% or higher 484:United States government corporation 4653:Works Progress Administration (WPA) 3593:. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 2819: 2774: 962: 871:after another federal insurer, the 696:against a decrease in their values. 585: 13: 3952:Federal Reserve Board of Governors 3751: 3568:"List of Chairpersons of the FDIC" 3427:Shen, Linda (September 26, 2008). 2976: 865:Savings Association Insurance Fund 594:Example of FDIC insurance coverage 63:Headquarters on 17th Street NW in 14: 4874: 4612:Public Works Administration (PWA) 4582:Frazier–Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act 4542:Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) 4024:Interest Rate Control Act of 1966 3814: 3780:Concise Encyclopedia of Economics 3138:Kennedy, Susan Estabrook (2021). 2662: 2550: 938:Purchase and assumption agreement 640:drawn on the accounts of the bank 4637:Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) 4602:National Recovery Administration 4592:National Industrial Recovery Act 4429: 4419: 4410: 4409: 4159:Electronic Fund Transfer (Reg E) 4149:Home Mortgage Disclosure (Reg C) 4144:Equal Credit Opportunity (Reg B) 3785:Library of Economics and Liberty 3699: 3404: 2560:Van Loo, Rory (August 1, 2018). 2269: 2248: 2228: 2208: 2187: 2167: 2146: 2126: 2108: 2088: 2070: 2039: 2021: 2003: 1983: 1963: 1945: 1924: 1906: 1888: 1867: 1849: 1828: 1810: 1790: 1769: 1751: 1731: 1710: 1692: 1674: 1653: 1633: 1615: 971: 526:on terms that the bank decides. 428: 4708:United States Housing Authority 4208:Community Reinvestment (Reg BB) 3710:The Journal of Economic History 3582: 3560: 3548: 3536: 3524: 3498: 3386: 3327: 3301: 3287: 3270: 3256: 3238: 3131: 3023: 2985: 2970: 2955: 2923: 2909: 2880: 2859: 2813: 2791: 2760:"FDIC: Insured or Not Insured?" 2731: 2627: 2613: 2398: 2389: 1304:Establishment of the FDIC: 1933 952:deposit insurance national bank 913:The FDIC's satellite campus in 553:Well capitalized: 10% or higher 516:government of the United States 371:Electronic funds transfer (EFT) 4683:National Labor Relations Board 4673:Judicial Procedures Reform Act 3947:Federal Housing Finance Agency 3809:Congressional Research Service 2591: 2513: 2496: 2479: 2457: 2360:– Canadian counterpart to FDIC 1316:signs the Banking Act of 1933. 1047:president of the United States 775:Individual Retirement Accounts 598:FDIC deposit insurance covers 559:Undercapitalized: less than 8% 498:. The FDIC was created by the 1: 4607:National Youth Administration 3295:"FDIC: Symbol of Confidences" 2964:Banking Act of 1935: Hearings 2546:(Report). Vol. 16. 2022. 2526:(Report). Vol. 16. 2021. 2509:(Report). Vol. 16. 2024. 2492:(Report). Vol. 19. 2024. 2416: 2346:Related agencies and programs 1474:institutions ("S&Ls", or 1105:January 5, 2023 (as chairman) 905:Resolution of insolvent banks 869:savings and loan associations 621:money market deposit accounts 4668:Farm Security Administration 4475: 4382:Banking in the United States 4053:Electronic Fund Transfer Act 4043:Home Mortgage Disclosure Act 3454:Dash, Eric (April 7, 2008). 3205:American Antiquarian Society 3185:American Antiquarian Society 2077:Andrew C. Hove Jr. (Acting) 2046:Andrew C. Hove Jr. (Acting) 2010:Andrew C. Hove Jr. (Acting) 1484:Office of Thrift Supervision 1480:Resolution Trust Corporation 880:Chair of the Federal Reserve 7: 4617:Public Works of Art Project 4537:Agricultural Adjustment Act 4239:Federal savings association 4068:Depository Institutions Act 3872:FDIC Statistics at a Glance 3845:Code of Federal Regulations 3769:Kaufman, George G. (2002). 3610:Political Science Quarterly 3431:. Bloomberg. Archived from 2290: 1377:Historical insurance limits 1152:Comptroller of the Currency 320:National Credit Union Share 223:Federal savings association 10: 4879: 4658:Federal Project Number One 4567:Farm Credit Administration 4562:Homeowners Refinancing Act 4547:Civil Works Administration 4048:Community Reinvestment Act 3932:Farm Credit Administration 3140:The Banking Crisis of 1933 2743:December 10, 2007, at the 2372:– NCUA counterpart to FDIC 2319:Fractional-reserve banking 1533:2007–2008 financial crisis 1527:2007–2008 financial crisis 1524: 1521:2007–2008 financial crisis 1452: 1264: 1255: 1103:August 2005 (as director); 915:Arlington County, Virginia 846:2007–2008 financial crisis 490:to depositors in American 18: 4813:Banks established in 1933 4777: 4721: 4693:Rural Electrification Act 4645: 4519: 4483: 4405: 4374: 4343: 4257: 4226: 4218:Truth in Savings (Reg DD) 4172:Loans to Insiders (Reg O) 4129: 4038:Fair Credit Reporting Act 3975: 3919: 3877:FDIC List of Failed Banks 3722:10.1017/S0022050700044326 3665:10.1017/S0898030614000359 3653:Journal of Policy History 3392:FDIC Annual Report (1993) 2856:FDIC Annual Report (2009) 2847:FDIC Annual Report (1991) 2838:FDIC Annual Report (2020) 2364:Depositors Insurance Fund 1539:, and the sixth largest, 1314:Franklin Delano Roosevelt 313:Federal Deposit Insurance 136: 119: 111: 103: 93: 75: 70: 56: 47: 38: 33: 4713:Fair Labor Standards Act 4198:Truth in Lending (Reg Z) 4169:Consumer Leasing (Reg M) 4020:Bank Holding Company Act 4015:Federal Credit Union Act 3985:Independent Treasury Act 2900:"Statistics at a Glance" 2682:"Statistics At A Glance" 2436:"Statistics At A Glance" 2382: 1490:remained insured by the 1294:House of Representatives 1239:Christy Goldsmith Romero 1049:with the consent of the 814: 435:United States portal 159:This article is part of 4627:Railroad Retirement Act 4506:American Liberty League 4366:Thrift Financial Report 2115:John N. Reich (Acting) 1461:savings and loan crisis 1455:Savings and loan crisis 842:savings and loan crisis 651:bank that is part of a 631:certificates of deposit 541:Membership requirements 4096:Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act 3589:Bovenzi, John (2015). 2999:on September 15, 2017. 2977:Zisman, Barry Stuart. 2308:FDIC problem bank list 1515:Federal Financing Bank 1386: 1333:The 1933 Banking Act: 1317: 1282:William Jennings Bryan 918: 850:Federal Financing Bank 821:Deposit Insurance Fund 638:negotiable instruments 595: 524:Federal Financing Bank 298:Certificate of deposit 81:; 91 years ago 4729:Franklin D. Roosevelt 4622:Reciprocal Tariff Act 4527:Emergency Banking Act 4227:Types of bank charter 3315:on September 22, 2021 3252:on November 22, 2010. 2467:(Press release). FDIC 1525:Further information: 1384: 1352:Federal Reserve Banks 1322:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1311: 1288:banks in the US. The 1265:Further information: 1068:Current board members 912: 743:homeowner's insurance 593: 502:, enacted during the 322:Insurance Fund (NCUA) 115:$ 1.96 billion (2024) 21:FDIC (disambiguation) 4749:Henry Morgenthau Jr. 4597:National Housing Act 4557:Executive Order 6102 4387:Fair debt collection 4361:CAMELS rating system 4086:Truth in Savings Act 4063:Monetary Control Act 4028:Truth in Lending Act 2867:The Greenspan Effect 2409:inflation from 1934. 2352:CAMELS rating system 1913:George A. LeMaistre 1594:List of chairpersons 1249:Martin J. Gruenberg 1051:United States Senate 894:signed into law the 831:and therefore earns 761:Ownership categories 701:Continental Illinois 337:Payment and transfer 218:Federal savings bank 3995:Federal Reserve Act 3920:Federal authorities 3771:"Deposit Insurance" 3435:on October 23, 2012 3347:on October 29, 2008 3278:"FDIC Interim rule" 3092:, pp. 537–538. 2966:. pp. 638–639. 2609:on October 2, 2012. 2566:Faculty Scholarship 2277:Martin J. Gruenberg 2256:Martin J. Gruenberg 2216:Martin J. Gruenberg 2195:Martin J. Gruenberg 2154:Martin J. Gruenberg 1817:Kenneth A. Randall 1743:September 17, 1957 1726:September 17, 1957 1625:September 11, 1933 1622:Walter J. Cummings 1290:Federal Reserve Act 1096:Martin J. Gruenberg 861:Bank Insurance Fund 829:Treasury securities 792:Government accounts 710:Treasury securities 500:Banking Act of 1933 127:Martin J. Gruenberg 30: 4587:Glass–Steagall Act 4552:Communications Act 4496:New Deal Coalition 4010:Glass–Steagall Act 3854:12 CFR Chapter III 3841:12 CFR Chapter III 3775:David R. Henderson 3682:Economic Quarterly 3507:2009 Annual Report 3460:The New York Times 2820:Erskine, Matthew. 2220:November 29, 2012 2203:November 28, 2012 2159:November 16, 2005 2141:November 15, 2005 1991:L. William Seidman 1952:Irvine H. Sprague 1895:Robert E. Barnett 1723:September 6, 1957 1705:September 6, 1957 1498:(FIRREA), and the 1387: 1361:Glass–Steagall Act 1318: 1127:December 21, 2028 1108:December 21, 2028 1041:Board of directors 955:bank's community. 919: 733:products, such as 716:safe deposit boxes 596: 578:Insurance coverage 315:Corporation (FDIC) 79:June 16, 1933 28: 4853:New Deal agencies 4795: 4794: 4484:Causes and legacy 4443: 4442: 4258:State authorities 4133:Board regulations 4091:Riegle-Neal IBBEA 3990:National Bank Act 3600:978-1-118-99408-5 2981:. pp. 13–14. 2943:on March 17, 2013 2288: 2287: 2261:February 5, 2022 2243:February 4, 2022 2236:Jelena McWilliams 2031:October 25, 1991 2016:October 25, 1991 2013:October 17, 1991 1998:October 16, 1991 1995:October 21, 1985 1978:October 21, 1985 1955:February 7, 1979 1940:February 7, 1979 1802:January 22, 1964 1785:January 22, 1964 1761:January 20, 1961 1746:January 20, 1961 1666:October 15, 1945 1648:October 15, 1945 1645:February 1, 1934 1628:February 1, 1934 1537:Washington Mutual 1253: 1252: 1246:December 21, 2028 1206: 1205: 1136:Jonathan McKernan 1001: 1000: 663:Items not insured 607:checking accounts 522:debt through the 488:deposit insurance 472: 471: 417: 416: 328: 327: 306:Account insurance 176: 152: 151: 4870: 4769:Robert F. Wagner 4764:Francis Townsend 4491:Great Depression 4470: 4463: 4456: 4447: 4446: 4433: 4423: 4413: 4412: 4188: 4131:Federal Reserve 4033:Bank Secrecy Act 4005:1933 Banking Act 3906: 3899: 3892: 3883: 3882: 3835:Federal Register 3826: 3825: 3823:Official website 3796: 3783:(1st ed.). 3747: 3741: 3733: 3704: 3703: 3697: 3676: 3647: 3641: 3633: 3604: 3576: 3575: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3511: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3451: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3424: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3402: 3393: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3374: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3346: 3340:. Archived from 3339: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3311:. Archived from 3305: 3299: 3298: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3260: 3254: 3253: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3208: 3202: 3188: 3182: 3167: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3135: 3129: 3123: 3117: 3111: 3105: 3099: 3093: 3087: 3081: 3075: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3047: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3010: 3001: 3000: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2942: 2936:. Archived from 2935: 2927: 2921: 2920: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2896: 2887: 2884: 2878: 2863: 2857: 2854: 2848: 2845: 2839: 2836: 2830: 2829: 2817: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2781: 2772: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2756: 2747: 2735: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2713: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2693: 2686: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2660: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2638: 2631: 2625: 2624: 2617: 2611: 2610: 2605:. Archived from 2603:The Boston Globe 2595: 2589: 2583: 2574: 2573: 2557: 2548: 2547: 2545: 2537: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2461: 2455: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2444: 2432: 2410: 2402: 2396: 2393: 2298:1933 Banking Act 2281:January 5, 2023 2273: 2264:January 5, 2023 2252: 2232: 2212: 2191: 2171: 2150: 2138:August 29, 2001 2134:Donald E. Powell 2130: 2121:August 29, 2001 2112: 2092: 2074: 2062:October 7, 1994 2059:Ricki R. Tigert 2052:October 7, 1994 2049:August 20, 1992 2043: 2034:August 20, 1992 2025: 2007: 1987: 1967: 1949: 1937:August 16, 1978 1928: 1919:August 16, 1978 1910: 1892: 1871: 1853: 1832: 1814: 1794: 1773: 1755: 1739:Jesse P. Wolcott 1735: 1714: 1696: 1684:January 5, 1946 1678: 1669:January 5, 1946 1657: 1637: 1619: 1598: 1597: 1565:investment banks 1561:Timothy Geithner 1472:savings and loan 1444: 1275:Great Depression 1215: 1214: 1199:October 12, 2021 1166: 1087:Term expiration 1072: 1071: 996: 993: 987: 975: 974: 967: 963:Resolution plans 714:The contents of 653:brick and mortar 617:savings accounts 600:deposit accounts 586:Covered deposits 504:Great Depression 492:commercial banks 464: 457: 450: 437: 433: 432: 431: 397:Substitute check 372: 341: 340: 277: 276: 272: 271:Deposit accounts 206: 205:Banking charters 179: 174: 166: 163: 154: 153: 148: 145: 143: 120:Agency executive 89: 87: 82: 65:Washington, D.C. 61: 52: 43: 31: 27: 4878: 4877: 4873: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4868: 4867: 4798: 4797: 4796: 4791: 4773: 4739:Frances Perkins 4734:Harold L. Ickes 4717: 4703:Social Security 4646:Second New Deal 4641: 4515: 4479: 4474: 4444: 4439: 4425:Business portal 4401: 4397:Wildcat banking 4370: 4339: 4253: 4222: 4186: 4134: 4132: 4125: 4111:Credit CARD Act 3977: 3971: 3915: 3910: 3867:USAspending.gov 3821: 3820: 3817: 3754: 3752:Further reading 3735: 3734: 3698: 3635: 3634: 3622:10.2307/2146154 3601: 3585: 3580: 3579: 3566: 3565: 3561: 3553: 3549: 3541: 3537: 3529: 3525: 3515: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3499: 3489: 3487: 3479: 3478: 3474: 3464: 3462: 3452: 3448: 3438: 3436: 3425: 3421: 3411: 3409: 3403: 3396: 3391: 3387: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3364: 3360: 3350: 3348: 3344: 3337: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3318: 3316: 3307: 3306: 3302: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3262: 3261: 3257: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3231: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3200: 3192:McCusker, J. J. 3180: 3172:McCusker, J. J. 3168: 3159: 3151: 3147: 3136: 3132: 3124: 3120: 3112: 3108: 3100: 3096: 3088: 3084: 3076: 3069: 3059: 3057: 3048: 3041: 3033: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3016: 3012: 3011: 3004: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2975: 2971: 2960: 2956: 2946: 2944: 2940: 2933: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2915: 2914: 2910: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2890: 2885: 2881: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2837: 2833: 2818: 2814: 2804: 2802: 2797: 2796: 2792: 2783: 2782: 2775: 2765: 2763: 2758: 2757: 2750: 2745:Wayback Machine 2736: 2732: 2722: 2720: 2715: 2714: 2707: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2684: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2667: 2661: 2654: 2646: 2642: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2619: 2618: 2614: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2584: 2577: 2558: 2551: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2531: 2523: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2489: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2470: 2468: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2434: 2433: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2413: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2348: 2343: 2293: 2028:William Taylor 1975:August 3, 1981 1958:August 2, 1981 1932:John G. Heimann 1898:March 18, 1976 1883:March 18, 1976 1880:March 16, 1976 1862:March 16, 1976 1836:William B. Camp 1820:April 21, 1965 1805:April 21, 1965 1782:August 4, 1963 1764:August 4, 1963 1758:Erle Cocke Sr. 1596: 1553:Federal Reserve 1529: 1523: 1457: 1451: 1436: 1418:2008: $ 250,000 1415:1980: $ 100,000 1379: 1306: 1277: 1263: 1258: 1227:Term expiration 1164: 1143:January 5, 2023 1124:January 5, 2023 1104: 1070: 1043: 997: 991: 988: 985: 976: 972: 965: 907: 863:(BIF), and the 817: 763: 665: 588: 580: 543: 468: 429: 427: 426: 419: 418: 401: 370: 364: 338: 330: 329: 324: 321: 317: 314: 274: 270: 262: 261: 260: 250: 242: 241: 240: 208: 204: 193:Monetary policy 177: 173: 161: 158: 140: 132: 85: 83: 80: 71:Agency overview 62: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4876: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4789: 4784: 4778: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4759:Herbert Hoover 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4725: 4723: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4649: 4647: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4639: 4634: 4632:Securities Act 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4487: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4473: 4472: 4465: 4458: 4450: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4437: 4427: 4417: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4378: 4376: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4347: 4345: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4261: 4259: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4192: 4189: 4184: 4181: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4137: 4135: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3981: 3979: 3976:Major federal 3973: 3972: 3970: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3923: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3909: 3908: 3901: 3894: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3860: 3851: 3838: 3827: 3816: 3815:External links 3813: 3812: 3811: 3802: 3797: 3766: 3753: 3750: 3749: 3748: 3716:(3): 537–557. 3705: 3677: 3648: 3616:(2): 181–200. 3605: 3599: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3577: 3559: 3547: 3535: 3523: 3497: 3472: 3446: 3419: 3394: 3385: 3358: 3326: 3300: 3286: 3269: 3255: 3237: 3235:, p. 193. 3225: 3209:1800–present: 3157: 3145: 3130: 3128:, p. 188. 3118: 3106: 3094: 3082: 3080:, p. 538. 3067: 3039: 3022: 3002: 2984: 2969: 2954: 2922: 2908: 2888: 2879: 2858: 2849: 2840: 2831: 2812: 2790: 2773: 2748: 2730: 2705: 2673: 2663:Ellis, Diane. 2652: 2640: 2626: 2612: 2590: 2575: 2549: 2529: 2512: 2495: 2478: 2456: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2407:consumer price 2397: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2379: 2373: 2367: 2361: 2355: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2274: 2266: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2253: 2245: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2233: 2225: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2213: 2205: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2192: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2179:June 26, 2006 2177: 2172: 2164: 2163: 2162:June 26, 2006 2160: 2157: 2151: 2143: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2131: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2118:July 12, 2001 2116: 2113: 2105: 2104: 2103:July 11, 2001 2101: 2098: 2093: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2036: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2018: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2000: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1988: 1980: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1968: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1942: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1929: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1903: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1872: 1864: 1863: 1860: 1859:April 1, 1970 1857: 1854: 1846: 1845: 1844:April 1, 1970 1842: 1841:March 9, 1970 1839: 1833: 1825: 1824: 1823:March 9, 1970 1821: 1818: 1815: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1798:Joseph W. Barr 1795: 1787: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777:James J. Saxon 1774: 1766: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1736: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1715: 1707: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1699:Henry E. Cook 1697: 1689: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1681:Maple T. Harl 1679: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661:Preston Delano 1658: 1650: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1638: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1595: 1592: 1584:Dodd–Frank Act 1522: 1519: 1453:Main article: 1450: 1447: 1442:§ 1825(d) 1420: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1412:1974: $ 40,000 1410: 1409:1969: $ 20,000 1407: 1406:1966: $ 15,000 1404: 1403:1950: $ 10,000 1401: 1398: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1357: 1354: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1305: 1302: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1204: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1189: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1162:Michael J. Hsu 1159: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1133: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1101: 1098: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1084:Assumed office 1082: 1079: 1076: 1069: 1066: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1013: 999: 998: 979: 977: 970: 964: 961: 948: 947: 944:Deposit payoff 941: 906: 903: 892:George W. Bush 883:Alan Greenspan 854:line of credit 837:Dodd–Frank Act 816: 813: 794: 793: 790: 787: 784: 781: 778: 771: 762: 759: 747: 746: 724: 723: 722: 712: 706: 705: 704: 697: 664: 661: 645: 644: 641: 634: 624: 614: 587: 584: 579: 576: 567: 566: 563: 560: 557: 554: 542: 539: 470: 469: 467: 466: 459: 452: 444: 441: 440: 439: 438: 421: 420: 415: 414: 413: 412: 407: 400: 399: 394: 389: 384: 378: 375: 374: 366: 365: 363: 362: 361: 360: 355: 344: 339: 336: 335: 332: 331: 326: 325: 318: 311: 308: 307: 303: 302: 301: 300: 295: 290: 285: 275: 268: 267: 264: 263: 259: 258: 252: 251: 248: 247: 244: 243: 239: 238: 233: 227: 226: 225: 220: 215: 209: 202: 201: 198: 197: 196: 195: 190: 182: 181: 175:Banking in the 169: 168: 150: 149: 138: 134: 133: 131: 130: 123: 121: 117: 116: 113: 109: 108: 105: 101: 100: 95: 91: 90: 77: 73: 72: 68: 67: 54: 53: 45: 44: 36: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4875: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4779: 4776: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4744:Harry Hopkins 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4720: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4644: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4471: 4466: 4464: 4459: 4457: 4452: 4451: 4448: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4416: 4408: 4407: 4404: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4373: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4295:New Hampshire 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4244:National bank 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4193: 4190: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4128: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3974: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3907: 3902: 3900: 3895: 3893: 3888: 3887: 3884: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3818: 3810: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3765: 3764: 3759: 3756: 3755: 3745: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3606: 3602: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3586: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3556: 3551: 3544: 3539: 3532: 3527: 3508: 3501: 3486: 3482: 3476: 3465:September 27, 3461: 3457: 3450: 3439:September 27, 3434: 3430: 3423: 3408: 3401: 3399: 3389: 3371: 3370: 3366:FDIC (1998). 3362: 3343: 3336: 3330: 3314: 3310: 3304: 3296: 3290: 3279: 3273: 3265: 3259: 3251: 3247: 3241: 3234: 3229: 3214: 3206: 3199: 3198: 3193: 3186: 3179: 3178: 3173: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3155:, p. 47. 3154: 3149: 3141: 3134: 3127: 3122: 3116:, p. 44. 3115: 3110: 3104:, p. 539 3103: 3098: 3091: 3086: 3079: 3074: 3072: 3056:. Vol. 1 3055: 3054: 3050:FDIC (1998). 3046: 3044: 3032: 3026: 3015: 3009: 3007: 2998: 2994: 2988: 2980: 2973: 2965: 2958: 2939: 2932: 2926: 2918: 2912: 2901: 2895: 2893: 2883: 2876: 2875:0-07-134919-7 2872: 2868: 2862: 2853: 2844: 2835: 2827: 2823: 2816: 2800: 2794: 2786: 2780: 2778: 2766:September 15, 2761: 2755: 2753: 2746: 2742: 2739: 2734: 2723:September 15, 2718: 2712: 2710: 2690: 2683: 2677: 2666: 2659: 2657: 2650:, p. 69. 2649: 2644: 2636: 2630: 2622: 2616: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2594: 2588:, p. 39. 2587: 2582: 2580: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2556: 2554: 2542: 2536: 2534: 2522: 2516: 2505: 2499: 2488: 2482: 2466: 2460: 2441: 2437: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2422: 2408: 2401: 2392: 2388: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2268: 2267: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2240:June 5, 2018 2239: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2227: 2226: 2223:June 5, 2018 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2207: 2206: 2202: 2200:July 9, 2011 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2186: 2185: 2182:July 8, 2011 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2145: 2144: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2125: 2124: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2100:May 26, 1998 2099: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2087: 2086: 2083:May 25, 1998 2082: 2080:June 1, 1997 2079: 2076: 2073: 2069: 2068: 2065:June 1, 1997 2064: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2055: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2038: 2037: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2002: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1982: 1981: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1971:William Isaac 1969: 1966: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1922: 1918: 1916:June 1, 1977 1915: 1912: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1901:June 1, 1977 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1886: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1866: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1848: 1847: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1827: 1826: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1789: 1788: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1767: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1750: 1749: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1730: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1718:Ray M. Gidney 1716: 1713: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1702:May 10, 1953 1701: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1690: 1687:May 10, 1953 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1631: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1607:Term started 1606: 1604:Chairpersons 1603: 1600: 1599: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1549:Henry Paulson 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1528: 1518: 1516: 1511: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1488:credit unions 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1462: 1456: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1400:1935: $ 5,000 1399: 1397:1934: $ 2,500 1396: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1383: 1374: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1323: 1315: 1310: 1301: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1285: 1283: 1276: 1272: 1271:Panic of 1907 1268: 1267:Panic of 1893 1248: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1146:May 31, 2024 1145: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113:Vice chairman 1112: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1065: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1052: 1048: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1005: 995: 983: 978: 969: 968: 960: 956: 953: 945: 942: 939: 936: 935: 934: 931: 929: 923: 916: 911: 902: 899: 897: 893: 889: 884: 881: 876: 874: 870: 866: 862: 857: 855: 851: 847: 843: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 812: 809: 805: 801: 797: 791: 788: 785: 782: 779: 776: 772: 769: 768: 767: 758: 756: 752: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 725: 720: 719: 717: 713: 711: 707: 702: 698: 695: 691: 687: 686: 685: 681: 677: 673: 670: 669: 668: 660: 656: 654: 650: 642: 639: 635: 632: 628: 627:time deposits 625: 622: 618: 615: 612: 608: 605: 604: 603: 601: 592: 583: 575: 574:of the bank. 573: 564: 561: 558: 555: 552: 551: 550: 548: 547:capital ratio 538: 536: 530: 527: 525: 519: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 496:savings banks 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 465: 460: 458: 453: 451: 446: 445: 443: 442: 436: 425: 424: 423: 422: 411: 408: 406: 403: 402: 398: 395: 393: 392:Wire transfer 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 379: 377: 376: 373: 368: 367: 359: 356: 354: 351: 350: 349: 346: 345: 343: 342: 334: 333: 323: 316: 310: 309: 305: 304: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 280: 279: 278: 273: 266: 265: 257: 254: 253: 246: 245: 237: 234: 232: 231:National bank 229: 228: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 210: 207: 200: 199: 194: 191: 189: 186: 185: 184: 183: 180: 178:United States 171: 170: 167: 164: 156: 155: 147: 139: 135: 128: 125: 124: 122: 118: 114: 112:Annual budget 110: 106: 102: 99: 96: 92: 78: 74: 69: 66: 60: 55: 51: 46: 42: 37: 32: 26: 22: 4571: 4435:Banks portal 4375:Other topics 4325:Pennsylvania 4234:Credit union 4000:McFadden Act 3936: 3833: 3778: 3761: 3738:cite journal 3713: 3709: 3685: 3681: 3659:(1): 36–60. 3656: 3652: 3638:cite journal 3613: 3609: 3590: 3583:Bibliography 3571: 3562: 3550: 3538: 3526: 3516:February 12, 3514:. Retrieved 3500: 3488:. Retrieved 3484: 3475: 3463:. Retrieved 3459: 3449: 3437:. Retrieved 3433:the original 3422: 3410:. Retrieved 3388: 3376:. Retrieved 3368: 3361: 3349:. Retrieved 3342:the original 3329: 3317:. Retrieved 3313:the original 3303: 3289: 3272: 3258: 3250:the original 3240: 3233:Golembe 1960 3228: 3218:February 29, 3216:. Retrieved 3196: 3176: 3148: 3139: 3133: 3126:Golembe 1960 3121: 3109: 3097: 3085: 3058:. Retrieved 3052: 3025: 2997:the original 2987: 2978: 2972: 2963: 2957: 2945:. Retrieved 2938:the original 2925: 2911: 2882: 2866: 2861: 2852: 2843: 2834: 2825: 2815: 2803:. Retrieved 2793: 2764:. Retrieved 2733: 2721:. Retrieved 2696:. Retrieved 2676: 2648:Bovenzi 2015 2643: 2629: 2615: 2607:the original 2602: 2593: 2569: 2565: 2515: 2498: 2481: 2471:February 23, 2469:. Retrieved 2459: 2447:. Retrieved 2400: 2391: 2096:Donna Tanoue 1856:Frank Wille 1581: 1577: 1557:Ben Bernanke 1530: 1512: 1508: 1465: 1458: 1433: 1421: 1388: 1372: 1332: 1327:moral hazard 1319: 1298: 1286: 1278: 1207: 1192:Rohit Chopra 1185: 1172:May 10, 2021 1155: 1062: 1054: 1044: 1006: 1002: 989: 981: 957: 949: 943: 937: 932: 924: 920: 900: 877: 864: 860: 858: 820: 818: 810: 806: 802: 798: 795: 764: 748: 693: 680:mutual funds 666: 657: 646: 597: 581: 568: 544: 531: 528: 520: 479: 475: 473: 410:Bill payment 358:Check 21 Act 312: 288:Money-market 213:Credit union 157: 107:6,096 (2024) 94:Jurisdiction 25: 4722:Individuals 4532:Economy Act 4501:Brain Trust 4356:CAEL Rating 4351:Call report 3978:legislation 3490:January 16, 3412:January 16, 3378:January 16, 3351:November 2, 3319:January 16, 3189:1700–1799: 3169:1634–1699: 3114:Walter 2005 3060:January 19, 2947:January 25, 2805:February 7, 2586:Walter 2005 2449:6 September 2303:Call report 2175:Sheila Bair 1875:James Smith 1641:Leo Crowley 1610:Term ended 1569:Sheila Bair 1567:. Chairman 1117:Travis Hill 1008:including: 928:bridge bank 684:money funds 405:ACH Network 256:Credit card 4802:Categories 4300:New Jersey 4265:California 4249:State bank 4116:Dodd–Frank 3763:60 Minutes 3283:. gpo.gov. 3102:White 1981 3090:White 1981 3078:White 1981 2762:. Fdic.gov 2719:. Fdic.gov 2417:References 1555:officials 1320:President 1312:President 1243:Democratic 1230:Replacing 1208:President 1196:Democratic 1186:ex officio 1180:Director, 1169:Democratic 1156:ex officio 1140:Republican 1121:Republican 1100:Democratic 1056:ex officio 992:March 2023 682:including 629:including 486:supplying 387:Debit card 236:State bank 188:Regulation 129:, Chairman 86:1933-06-16 4754:Huey Long 4511:Criticism 4330:Tennessee 3847:from the 3793:317650570 3730:153997829 3673:154303860 3153:Shaw 2015 2572:(2): 369. 2258:(Acting) 2197:(Acting) 2156:(Acting) 1934:(Acting) 1877:(Acting) 1838:(Acting) 1779:(Acting) 1720:(Acting) 1663:(Acting) 1601:Portrait 1476:"thrifts" 1438:12 U.S.C. 1391:inflation 888:arbitrage 727:Insurance 535:Basel III 508:bank runs 104:Employees 4782:Category 4520:New Deal 4477:New Deal 4415:Category 4335:Virginia 4315:Oklahoma 4305:New York 4290:Michigan 4285:Maryland 4280:Illinois 4270:Colorado 3572:fdic.gov 3512:(Report) 3194:(1992). 3174:(1997). 2741:Archived 2738:fdic.gov 2689:Archived 2687:. FDIC. 2440:Archived 2438:. FDIC. 2291:See also 2284:Present 1545:Wachovia 1235:Chairman 1218:Position 1165:(acting) 1092:Chairman 1075:Position 1053:and two 844:and the 833:interest 649:Internet 572:receiver 482:) is a 382:ATM card 353:clearing 283:Checking 162:a series 4787:Commons 4275:Florida 4121:EGRRCPA 3843:of the 3832:in the 3777:(ed.). 3694:2185582 3630:2146154 2919:. FDIC. 2670:. FDIC. 2637:. FDIC. 2315:of 2005 1541:IndyMac 1429:IndyMac 1256:History 982:updated 777:(IRAs)) 731:annuity 293:Savings 249:Lending 137:Website 84: ( 4320:Oregon 4081:FDICIA 4076:FIRREA 3791: 3728: 3692: 3671: 3628: 3597: 3405:FDIC. 2873: 2826:Forbes 2801:. FDIC 2698:4 June 1440: 1273:, and 1132:Member 678:, and 672:Stocks 76:Formed 4344:Terms 3773:. In 3726:S2CID 3688:(1). 3669:S2CID 3626:JSTOR 3510:(PDF) 3373:(PDF) 3345:(PDF) 3338:(PDF) 3281:(PDF) 3201:(PDF) 3181:(PDF) 3034:(PDF) 3017:(PDF) 2941:(PDF) 2934:(PDF) 2903:(PDF) 2692:(PDF) 2685:(PDF) 2668:(PDF) 2544:(PDF) 2524:(PDF) 2507:(PDF) 2490:(PDF) 2443:(PDF) 2383:Notes 1348:stock 1224:Party 1210:Biden 1081:Party 878:Then- 873:FSLIC 815:Funds 755:fraud 751:theft 676:bonds 633:(CDs) 348:Check 144:.fdic 4310:Ohio 3789:OCLC 3744:link 3690:SSRN 3644:link 3595:ISBN 3518:2023 3492:2023 3467:2008 3441:2008 3414:2023 3380:2023 3353:2008 3321:2009 3220:2024 3062:2023 2949:2013 2871:ISBN 2807:2022 2768:2011 2725:2011 2700:2024 2473:2024 2451:2024 1582:The 1559:and 1551:and 1466:The 1221:Name 1182:CFPB 1078:Name 825:risk 741:and 739:auto 735:life 729:and 688:The 619:and 609:and 494:and 480:FDIC 474:The 146:.gov 34:FDIC 4687:Act 3865:on 3858:OFR 3849:LII 3718:doi 3661:doi 3618:doi 2570:119 694:not 537:). 142:www 4804:: 3787:. 3740:}} 3736:{{ 3724:. 3714:41 3712:. 3686:91 3684:. 3667:. 3657:27 3655:. 3640:}} 3636:{{ 3624:. 3614:75 3612:. 3570:. 3483:. 3458:. 3397:^ 3203:. 3183:. 3160:^ 3070:^ 3042:^ 3005:^ 2891:^ 2824:. 2776:^ 2751:^ 2708:^ 2655:^ 2601:. 2578:^ 2568:. 2564:. 2552:^ 2532:^ 2425:^ 1543:. 1393:. 1269:, 1202:— 1175:— 753:, 737:, 718:. 674:, 549:: 165:on 4689:) 4685:( 4469:e 4462:t 4455:v 3905:e 3898:t 3891:v 3807:— 3795:. 3760:— 3746:) 3732:. 3720:: 3696:. 3675:. 3663:: 3646:) 3632:. 3620:: 3603:. 3574:. 3520:. 3494:. 3469:. 3443:. 3416:. 3382:. 3355:. 3323:. 3297:. 3266:. 3222:. 3207:. 3187:. 3142:. 3064:. 2951:. 2877:. 2828:. 2809:. 2787:. 2770:. 2727:. 2702:. 2623:. 2475:. 2453:. 1486:( 1363:) 1188:) 1184:( 1158:) 1154:( 994:) 990:( 984:. 745:. 703:. 478:( 463:e 456:t 449:v 88:) 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.