1782:
348:
1519:
127:
1505:
25:
66:
1740:
According to federal law, every member of a state parliament has one vote. The delegates are elected with lists and proportional vote. Some details are dealt with by the standing orders of the state parliament. In many state parliaments, the members vote on a joint list that mirrors the strengths of
1710:
once the elected candidate accepts. Thus, the convention is irrevocably dissolved until it is reconvened for the next election. This means that even if the elected president were to resign only a few hours after accepting the election, the convention could not simply reconvene; rather, the president
1635:
is convened by the incumbent
President of the Bundestag in due course. Normally, this takes place during the last months of a sitting President's current term of office. The Convention must meet no later than thirty days before the end of the term, with the state parliaments needing sufficient time
1744:
A delegate for the
Federal Convention must meet one certain standard: they must also be eligible for a candidacy for the Bundestag. The parliamentary groups sometimes elect delegates who are not politicians. For example, they choose artists, sports persons or other celebrities, or occasionally an
1615:
mandates that a maximum of three rounds of voting can be held. On the first two rounds, a candidate must receive an absolute majority of delegates to be elected. After that, in the third round, a plurality of all delegates voting is sufficient for election to the office of
Federal President. Any
1619:
Usually there is not much uncertainty about the outcome: the party affiliations of the members of the convention, and hence the strength of the single parties, are known already. In many cases, the coalition in the federal parliament presented a joint candidate who prevailed in the first round.
1768:
The idea behind this custom is to have the president be elected not only by politicians but by a broader segment of the population. Also, the political parties like to be associated with the celebrities. They expect these non-politicians to vote within party lines. The voting in the
Federal
1714:
Normally, the new president takes office thirty days after the election at the earliest, as the term of office of the predecessor is still continuing. Only in the case of a vacancy (e.g. after the resignation of the predecessor, as happened in 2010 and 2012), the elected person takes office
1639:
If the term of office of a
President ends prematurely through resignation or death, the Federal Convention must meet within thirty days. This has happened twice so far (2010 and 2012); in both cases, the President of the Bundestag convened the Assembly at the latest possible date.
1600:, either every five years (no later than 30 days before the expiration of a sitting President's term) or within 30 days of the premature termination of a presidential term. The Federal Convention consists of all members of the German federal parliament (
1769:
Convention is secret. From the time of their nomination until the closing of the session of the
Federal Convention its members enjoy parliamentary immunity with regard to prosecution by public authorities in very much the same way as members of the
1715:
immediately upon acceptance of the election. Irrespective of this, a newly elected president does not take the oath of office before the
Federal Convention, but after taking office in a joint session of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat.
1658:
may suggest candidates for the office of the
Federal President. This means that not only parliamentary groups from the Bundestag can present a candidate but also small parties which may not be represented in the Bundestag. The
820:
815:
810:
1654:, the President is elected without a debate at the Federal Convention. The candidates are usually nominated by one or more parties but do not generally run a campaign. Each member of the
1337:
2000:
1347:
533:
1931:
1332:
1292:
604:
1487:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1071:
1066:
1477:
2015:"Risk vs Reward Strategies in Indirect Presidential Elections: Political Parties and the Selection of Presidential Electors in Germany, 1949–2017"
1781:
1754:
1794:
1650:
1612:
1559:
359:
144:
90:
38:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1061:
936:
661:
191:
163:
941:
170:
371:
1711:
of the
Bundestag would have to call a new convention, for which the state parliaments would first have to elect electors again.
1698:
for one of the candidates, this candidate is elected immediately. If the first two votes do not lead to an absolute majority, a
1836:, which served as the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany before reunification with East Germany. From 1954 to 1969 the
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
582:
1532:
1462:
1426:
1051:
1031:
177:
1390:
776:
741:
1395:
625:
1762:
1317:
1312:
1056:
444:
407:
159:
1890:
took place at the Paul-Löbe-Haus in Berlin, with delegates spread over several floors, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
1809:
1552:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1046:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
794:
789:
784:
712:
427:
228:
210:
108:
52:
44:
1471:
1322:
1026:
511:
1272:
1914:
2066:
1750:
1421:
1342:
516:
432:
148:
1545:
1449:
1405:
1380:
1361:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1041:
1036:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
687:
647:
564:
1981:
2071:
1909:
1400:
1385:
946:
736:
184:
1845:
1668:
1664:
751:
652:
453:
293:
2014:
802:
703:
694:
81:
1307:
577:
486:
612:
1817:
1467:
1287:
403:
376:
137:
746:
465:
1904:
1589:
1482:
1453:
540:
1597:
1592:, one of two non-standing constitutional bodies in the federal institutional system of the
1327:
828:
727:
678:
597:
592:
587:
555:
524:
395:
1737:
or 'Länder' parliaments specifically for this purpose, proportional to their population.
8:
1986:
1926:
1899:
1593:
1297:
1277:
333:
2042:
1869:
1699:
1282:
474:
2046:
2034:
1734:
1695:
1605:
1302:
635:
270:
76:
1941:
2026:
671:
2030:
1883:
1802:
1581:
1523:
1431:
1936:
1509:
479:
1608:. Those delegates are elected by the state parliaments for this purpose only.
2060:
2038:
1798:
1672:
461:
313:
1937:
Article 54 – Basic Law for the
Federal Republic of Germany (Grundgesetz, GG)
300:
1849:
347:
1857:
440:
1746:
1518:
1758:
1874:
1797:(1949). This has changed since the resignations of former presidents
1770:
1729:
1601:
505:
16:
Constitutional body convened solely to elect the President of Germany
1761:, for the Green Party in Lower Saxony. Semiya ĹžimĹźek, daughter of a
126:
1679:
255:
18th Federal Convention will convene on or before 16 February 2027
1848:
on each occasion it met. As a consequence, on March 5, 1969, the
1702:
is sufficient on the third and final vote. The President of the
1671:, if the President stands as a candidate – as was the case with
1853:
1841:
1745:
ordinary citizen with an unusual story. Examples from 2017 are
1691:
1636:
between the convening and the meeting to elect state electors.
1878:
moved to the building in April 1999. Since the meeting of the
1872:
in Berlin. After the renovation of the Reichstag, the German
1942:
Law on the Election of the President by the Federal Assembly
1865:
1833:
1687:
1793:
has traditionally met on May 23, the anniversary of the
1733:, and an equal number of state delegates elected by the
1596:. It is convened solely for the purpose of electing the
2003:, February 12th, 2017, last seen on October 29th, 2020.
1785:
The 1954 convention in the OstpreuĂźenhalle in Berlin
1616:member of the convention may nominate candidates.
151:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1623:
86:election for membership from Land needs attention.
2058:
1886:at the Reichstag building, except that the 2022
2001:Diese Promis wählen den neuen Bundespräsidenten
1882:held in May 1999, the body has convened in the
1765:victim, was elected by Die Linke in Thuringia.
1753:, for the Green Party in Baden-WĂĽrttemberg and
1604:) and the same number of delegates from the 16
1927:Distribution of seats in the Bundesversammlung
1868:. Since 1994, the meeting place has been the
1694:. If one of the first two votes ends with an
1553:
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1560:
1546:
229:Learn how and when to remove this message
211:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1780:
829:Federal Republic of Germany (since 1949)
1961:President of the Bundestag (ex officio)
1840:was convened at the OstpreuĂźenhalle in
326:This article is part of a series on the
2059:
1727:includes the entire membership of the
1686:consists of a maximum of three secret
2012:
1816:was held on 13 February 2022, where
149:adding citations to reliable sources
120:
59:
18:
1856:warplanes to fly over the venue in
13:
346:
14:
2083:
1982:Election of the Federal President
1932:Election of the Federal President
1920:
160:"Federal Convention" Germany
34:This article has multiple issues.
1828:On 12 September 1949, the first
1517:
1503:
125:
64:
23:
1915:Federal Assembly of Switzerland
1844:, leading to protests from the
136:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
2006:
1993:
1975:
1955:
1422:Politics of the European Union
1:
2031:10.1080/09644008.2019.1590549
1968:
1864:met in the Beethovenhalle in
1718:
1643:
1373:Foreign relations by country
565:Federal Constitutional Court
372:Federal Constitutional Court
7:
1910:Federal Assembly of Austria
1893:
1594:Federal Republic of Germany
777:Weimar Republic (1919–1933)
84:. The specific problem is:
10:
2088:
1846:German Democratic Republic
1776:
1741:the parliamentary groups.
1706:closes the session of the
1665:President of the Bundestag
454:Vice Chancellor of Germany
1860:. From 1974 to 1989, the
1588:), is, together with the
695:Collective municipality (
312:
307:
291:
286:
278:
264:
259:
254:
243:
1948:
1823:
1757:, Germany's most famous
1258:State and local politics
803:East Germany (1949–1960)
2013:Köker, Philipp (2019).
1818:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
1414:International Relations
404:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
1990:, retrieved 2014-07-14
1786:
1751:national football team
1585:
1318:North Rhine-Westphalia
1313:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
928:Parliamentary election
769:Presidential elections
351:
2067:Government of Germany
1905:Federalism in Germany
1784:
1678:The procedure of the
1472:Agrarian Conservatism
542:Gemeinsamer Ausschuss
535:Vermittlungsausschuss
428:Chancellor of Germany
350:
1810:most recent assembly
1598:President of Germany
1576:, also known as the
1444:Political ideologies
1323:Rhineland-Palatinate
757:Federal Convention (
396:President of Germany
145:improve this article
91:improve this article
80:to meet Knowledge's
1987:Deutscher Bundestag
1900:Politics of Germany
1749:, the coach of the
1524:Politics portal
2072:Electoral colleges
1999:Der Tagesspielge:
1870:Reichstag building
1787:
1663:is chaired by the
1633:Federal Convention
1574:Federal Convention
1510:Germany portal
1343:Schleswig-Holstein
1188:European elections
653:State Parliament (
648:Minister president
352:
245:Federal Convention
1888:Bundesversammlung
1880:Bundesversammlung
1862:Bundesversammlung
1838:Bundesversammlung
1830:Bundesversammlung
1814:Bundesversammlung
1791:Bundesversammlung
1725:Bundesversammlung
1708:Bundesversammlung
1696:absolute majority
1661:Bundesversammlung
1656:Bundesversammlung
1648:According to the
1626:Bundesversammlung
1586:Bundesversammlung
1570:
1569:
1450:Political culture
1363:Foreign relations
1273:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
759:Bundesversammlung
742:Political parties
337:
319:
318:
271:Electoral college
249:Bundesversammlung
239:
238:
231:
221:
220:
213:
195:
119:
118:
111:
82:quality standards
73:This article may
57:
2079:
2051:
2050:
2010:
2004:
1997:
1991:
1979:
1962:
1959:
1820:was re-elected.
1789:Since 1979, the
1606:federated states
1578:Federal Assembly
1562:
1555:
1548:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1488:Social Democracy
1364:
737:Electoral system
730:
673:Regierungsbezirk
628:
558:
487:Federal agencies
365:
364:
340:
335:
327:
321:
320:
241:
240:
234:
227:
216:
209:
205:
202:
196:
194:
153:
129:
121:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2019:German Politics
2011:
2007:
1998:
1994:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1923:
1896:
1884:plenary chamber
1826:
1803:Christian Wulff
1779:
1721:
1684:Bundespräsident
1669:Vice Presidents
1667:(or one of the
1646:
1629:
1590:Joint Committee
1566:
1537:
1533:Other countries
1516:
1515:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1458:
1445:
1437:
1436:
1418:
1410:
1377:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1268:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1192:
1184:
1183:
932:
924:
923:
825:
799:
773:
765:
732:
728:
720:
719:
668:
630:
626:
618:
617:
609:
569:
560:
556:
548:
547:
530:
500:
492:
491:
471:
422:
414:
413:
390:
382:
381:
367:
362:
360:
338:
334:
325:
303:
296:
274:
273:
250:
247:
246:
235:
224:
223:
222:
217:
206:
200:
197:
154:
152:
142:
130:
115:
104:
98:
95:
88:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2085:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2053:
2052:
2025:(4): 602–620.
2005:
1992:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1922:
1921:External links
1919:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1895:
1892:
1825:
1822:
1778:
1775:
1720:
1717:
1645:
1642:
1628:
1624:Convening the
1622:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1513:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1376:
1375:
1367:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1264:State Politics
1260:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
933:
931:
930:
922:
921:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
833:
832:
831:
824:
823:
818:
813:
807:
806:
805:
798:
797:
792:
787:
781:
780:
779:
772:
771:
764:
763:
754:
749:
744:
739:
733:
726:
725:
722:
721:
718:
717:
716:
715:
704:Municipality (
701:
692:
691:
690:
676:
667:
666:
665:
664:
650:
644:
643:
631:
624:
623:
620:
619:
616:
615:
608:
607:
601:
600:
595:
590:
585:
583:Administrative
580:
574:
573:
572:Federal courts
568:
567:
561:
554:
553:
550:
549:
546:
545:
538:
529:
528:
521:
520:
519:
514:
512:constituencies
501:
498:
497:
494:
493:
490:
489:
484:
483:
482:
470:
469:
458:
457:
449:
448:
437:
436:
423:
420:
419:
416:
415:
412:
411:
400:
399:
391:
388:
387:
384:
383:
380:
379:
374:
368:
358:
357:
354:
353:
343:
342:
330:
329:
317:
316:
310:
309:
305:
304:
299:
297:
292:
289:
288:
284:
283:
280:
276:
275:
269:
268:
266:
262:
261:
257:
256:
252:
251:
248:
244:
237:
236:
219:
218:
133:
131:
124:
117:
116:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2084:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1996:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1958:
1954:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1799:Horst Koehler
1796:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1673:Karl Carstens
1670:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1627:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1358:
1357:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1338:Saxony-Anhalt
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
929:
926:
925:
920:
919:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
834:
830:
827:
826:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
804:
801:
800:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
778:
775:
774:
770:
767:
766:
762:
760:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
731:
724:
723:
714:
711:
710:
709:
707:
702:
700:
698:
693:
689:
686:
685:
684:
682:
677:
675:
674:
670:
669:
663:
660:
659:
658:
656:
651:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
639:
633:
632:
629:
622:
621:
614:
611:
610:
606:
603:
602:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
571:
570:
566:
563:
562:
559:
552:
551:
544:
543:
539:
537:
536:
532:
531:
527:
526:
522:
518:
515:
513:
510:
509:
508:
507:
503:
502:
496:
495:
488:
485:
481:
478:
477:
476:
473:
472:
467:
463:
462:Robert Habeck
460:
459:
456:
455:
451:
450:
446:
442:
439:
438:
434:
430:
429:
425:
424:
418:
417:
409:
405:
402:
401:
398:
397:
393:
392:
389:Head of State
386:
385:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
366:
361:Constitution
356:
355:
349:
345:
344:
341:
332:
331:
328:
323:
322:
315:
311:
306:
302:
298:
295:
290:
285:
281:
277:
272:
267:
263:
258:
253:
242:
233:
230:
215:
212:
204:
193:
190:
186:
183:
179:
176:
172:
169:
165:
162: –
161:
157:
156:Find sources:
150:
146:
140:
139:
134:This article
132:
128:
123:
122:
113:
110:
102:
92:
87:
83:
79:
78:
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2022:
2018:
2008:
1995:
1985:
1977:
1957:
1887:
1879:
1873:
1861:
1850:Soviet Union
1837:
1829:
1827:
1813:
1807:
1790:
1788:
1767:
1755:Olivia Jones
1743:
1739:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1683:
1677:
1660:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1618:
1610:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1468:Conservatism
1413:
1372:
1308:Lower Saxony
1263:
1242:
1187:
1177:
927:
917:
768:
758:
756:
705:
696:
680:
672:
654:
637:
634:
627:Subdivisions
613:Other courts
605:Joint Senate
541:
534:
523:
504:
452:
426:
394:
377:Human rights
336:Politics of
324:
314:bundestag.de
225:
207:
198:
188:
181:
174:
167:
155:
143:Please help
138:verification
135:
105:
96:
89:Please help
85:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
1858:West Berlin
1690:by written
1651:Grundgesetz
1288:Brandenburg
1047:1932 (July)
747:Referendums
662:composition
499:Legislature
441:Olaf Scholz
363:(Basic Law)
279:Established
93:if you can.
2061:Categories
1969:References
1763:NSU terror
1759:drag queen
1719:Membership
1675:in 1979).
1483:Liberalism
1454:Federalism
1062:1933 (Nov)
1057:1933 (Mar)
1052:1932 (Nov)
1032:1924 (Dec)
1027:1924 (May)
942:1867 (Aug)
937:1867 (Feb)
752:Coalitions
679:District (
301:Bärbel Bas
287:Leadership
171:newspapers
39:improve it
2047:159163706
2039:0964-4008
1875:Bundestag
1795:Basic Law
1771:Bundestag
1730:Bundestag
1704:Bundestag
1700:plurality
1644:Procedure
1613:Basic Law
1602:Bundestag
1478:Far-right
1463:Communism
1348:Thuringia
729:Elections
557:Judiciary
525:Bundesrat
506:Bundestag
421:Executive
294:President
201:July 2013
99:July 2013
45:talk page
1944:(German)
1894:See also
1747:Jogi Löw
1680:election
1432:Passport
1328:Saarland
706:Gemeinde
578:Ordinary
75:require
1832:met in
1812:of the
1777:History
1682:of the
1298:Hamburg
1278:Bavaria
655:Landtag
636:State (
517:members
475:Cabinet
339:Germany
308:Website
185:scholar
77:cleanup
2045:
2037:
1854:MiG-21
1842:Berlin
1692:ballot
1582:German
1406:Russia
1381:France
1333:Saxony
1293:Bremen
1283:Berlin
598:Social
593:Labour
588:Fiscal
480:Scholz
187:
180:
173:
166:
158:
2043:S2CID
1949:Notes
1852:sent
1824:Venue
1735:state
1688:votes
1631:Each
1401:China
1386:Italy
1303:Hesse
681:Kreis
466:GrĂĽne
192:JSTOR
178:books
2035:ISSN
1866:Bonn
1834:Bonn
1808:The
1801:and
1773:do.
1723:The
1611:The
1572:The
1427:Visa
1243:2024
1237:2019
1232:2014
1227:2009
1222:2004
1217:1999
1212:1994
1207:1989
1202:1984
1197:1979
1178:Next
1172:2021
1167:2017
1162:2013
1157:2009
1152:2005
1147:2002
1142:1998
1137:1994
1132:1990
1127:1987
1122:1983
1117:1980
1112:1976
1107:1972
1102:1969
1097:1965
1092:1961
1087:1957
1082:1953
1077:1949
1072:1938
1067:1936
1042:1930
1037:1928
1022:1920
1017:1919
1012:1912
1007:1907
1002:1903
997:1898
992:1893
987:1890
982:1887
977:1884
972:1881
967:1878
962:1877
957:1874
952:1871
947:1868
918:2022
912:2017
907:2012
902:2010
897:2009
892:2004
887:1999
882:1994
877:1989
872:1984
867:1979
862:1974
857:1969
852:1964
847:1959
842:1954
837:1949
821:1957
816:1953
811:1949
795:1932
790:1925
785:1919
713:list
688:list
638:Land
433:list
282:1949
265:Type
260:Type
164:news
2027:doi
1396:USA
697:Amt
445:SPD
408:SPD
147:by
2063::
2041:.
2033:.
2023:28
2021:.
2017:.
1984:,
1805:.
1584::
1452:/
1391:UK
48:.
2049:.
2029::
1580:(
1561:e
1554:t
1547:v
1474:)
1470:(
761:)
708:)
699:)
683:)
657:)
640:)
468:)
464:(
447:)
443:(
435:)
431:(
410:)
406:(
232:)
226:(
214:)
208:(
203:)
199:(
189:·
182:·
175:·
168:·
141:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
