393:
600:
resorted to tearing files by hand before stuffing the pieces into bags that were then meant to be burned or chemically treated.Approximately 16,000 such bags came to be held by the BStU, which estimated that each contained between 2,500 and 3,500 document fragments. By early 2007 the contents of around 350 of these bags had been manually reconstructed by a small team of full-time workers, a task that is being continued by the
Federal Archives since it absorbed the BStU. According to the archives, an additional "few thousand" bags containing very finely shredded paper were also secured by the BStU, but these were all disposed of by the agency in 1991 and so cannot be the subject of any attempts at reconstruction.
238:
653:
519:
245:
44:
583:
archivists and some were just technicians. There was suspicion that some of these former Stasi officers managed to manipulate records, so a rule was put in place that no former Stasi officers are allowed to enter the Stasi
Archives by themselves. The report recommended, for several reasons besides the issue of former Stasi officers working for the BStU, to integrate the BStU into the
341:
Records Agency's headquarters in Berlin, and the rest is in its 12 regional offices. As well as written documentation, the archive has audio-visual material such as photos, slides, film, and sound recordings. The Stasi also had an archive of sweat and body odour samples which its officers collected during interrogations.
1956:
599:
In the early 1990s the BStU began work on reconstructing documents that had been destroyed by Stasi officers and staff before the archives were secured by citizens occupying Stasi offices. The destruction had initially been performed using industrial shredders, but these soon broke down and officers
561:
was appointed
Special Commissioner for the Stasi Records. When Stasi Records Act was passed in December 1991, he became first Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records, heading the newly created Stasi Records Agency. The act sets out the rights of people to view Stasi Records, which they were first
340:
The Stasi spied on almost every aspect of East
Germans' daily lives, and it carried out international espionage. It kept files on about 5.6 million people and amassed an enormous archive. The archive holds 111 kilometres (69 mi) of files in total. About half of the material is held in the Stasi
603:
As part of an effort to increase the speed of reconstruction, the
Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology was awarded a contract in 2003 to develop a computerised system for document reconstruction, which it refers to as "ePuzzler" and which it first deployed in 2007. This
534:
stepped down on 3 December 1989, the Stasi became the last bastion of the dictatorship. Citizens were alert to the fact that the Stasi might try to destroy files and records, in order to cover up its activities. On the morning of 4 December, dark smoke was seen coming from the chimneys of the Stasi
582:
Controversy arose after an investigation, whose report had been leaked to the media, found out that the BStU at one point employed at least 79 former Stasi members and still employed 52 as of 2009. The great majority of these were hired from the "bodyguards" branch of the Stasi; some were former
565:
As at
January 2015, over 7 million people had applied to view their own Stasi files. In January 2015 the Stasi Records Agency created a digital portal and made files available online, although for privacy reasons no files of living people are available digitally. The website includes information
621:
shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall in unclear circumstances. Between 2001 and 2003 the United States gave the files it had, which were on 380 CD-ROMs, to the Stasi
Records Agency. Since July 2003, these have been available for viewing. They provide an insight into the Stasi's spying
1767:
1887:
1732:
604:
pilot project attempted reconstruction on the contents of 400 bags and demonstrated that the concept worked in principle, but a wider deployment was not undertaken due to limitations in scanner technology and concerns over cost efficiency.
470:
The offices in
Dresden, Erfurt, Frankfurt-an-der-Oder and Halle all had permanent and changing exhibitions, offer tours to the public and host events and educational programmes relating to the activities of the Stasi in their region.
1738:
616:
are a collection of microfilmed Stasi files that have information on East
Germany's foreign intelligence service employees and informers. They contain 320,000 agent cards and 57,000 spy reports. They were acquired by the
1877:
1410:
1837:
1584:
1794:
349:
The agency was formally known by the title of its lead official, the "Federal
Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic" (German:
478:, an organisation founded in October 2011 which brings together public and private institutions in 20 countries which focus on history of the totalitarian regimes in 20th century Europe
1715:
1368:
1892:
1666:
147:
1443:
866:
17:
1399:
835:
1249:
1463:. Die Bundesbeauftragte für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Abteilung Bildung und Forschung.
1882:
1852:
1574:
2022:
2002:
1897:
1141:
550:
This instigated the take over of Stasi buildings all over East Germany. Citizens gained access to the Stasi headquarters in Berlin on 15 January 1990.
416:
compound. In addition to providing access to files, it also has exhibitions, tours and public events related to the Stasi and the history of the GDR.
1659:
1997:
2032:
1842:
666:
544:
1652:
237:
1982:
1872:
716:
475:
357:), abbreviated as "BStU". The agency itself was commonly referred to using the last name of the sitting federal commissioner, i.e. "
1119:
2037:
1977:
1789:
627:
539:, and it was deduced that files were being burned. With the help of other citizens, a women's group, "Women for Change" (German:
1434:
637:
The CIA passed on some of the material to the United Kingdom and other countries. In 2011, the German government asked the UK's
1957:
Presidential Commission of the Russian Federation to Counter Attempts to Falsify History to the Detriment of Russia's Interests
353:). Due to the unwieldy name, the Commissioner was usually referred to as the "Federal Commissioner for Stasi Records" (German:
325:
and crime investigation service. It grew to have around 270,000 people working for it, including about 180,000 informers, or "
2017:
1285:
1114:
780:
755:
1867:
1749:
1688:
1536:
351:
Der Bundesbeauftragte für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
978:
The Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic (BStU)
1847:
1709:
1468:
946:
811:
392:
300:
Bundesbeauftragter für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
2012:
1992:
1458:
531:
1888:
International Commission for the Evaluation of the Crimes of the Nazi and Soviet Occupation Regimes in Lithuania
899:
290:. It was established when the Stasi Records Act came into force on 29 December 1991. Formally it was called the
773:
Haft, Diktatur, Revolution - Thüringen 1949-1989. Das Buch zur Gedenk- und Bildungsstätte Andreasstraße Erfurt
1987:
1087:
641:
to return the files they have, but they refused due to concerns that British Stasi spies could be exposed.
292:
Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic
999:
2027:
1914:
1166:
287:
1804:
1623:
1031:
283:
1311:
622:
activities in western countries. They have been used to identify Stasi spies and informers, including
1922:
1799:
1784:
567:
1497:
129:
1733:
European Public Hearing on European Conscience and Crimes of Totalitarian Communism: 20 Years After
1768:
European Parliament resolution on the importance of European remembrance for the future of Europe
584:
571:
326:
307:
119:
1059:
871:
409:
137:
797:
428:
724:
587:. It also reported there was a constitutionally questionable situation. In summer 2008, the
1814:
554:
8:
1755:
1743:
658:
322:
208:
1761:
1721:
1627:
1521:
1516:
1485:
1194:
631:
413:
401:
1644:
920:
1550:
1542:
1532:
1464:
1369:"Puzzling Together the Past: New Computer Program to Reassemble Shredded Stasi Files"
807:
776:
751:
500:
362:
1930:
1832:
1727:
1566:
1004:
705:[Work at the BStU1,313 (as of January 1, 2021) employees at 14 locations .]
1577:[Meckel sees opportunities in the dissolution of the previous authority].
591:
decided to found an expert commission to analyze the role and future of the BStU.
1857:
1579:
1558:
1405:
613:
452:
370:
330:
295:
271:
76:
686:
408:
The former head office of the Stasi Records Agency was in the central suburb of
2007:
1675:
1342:
840:
1878:
Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
1617:
1971:
1838:
Office for the Documentation and the Investigation of the Crimes of Communism
1554:
1528:
1250:"Stasi files: scanner struggles to stitch together surveillance state scraps"
703:
Beim BStU arbeiten 1.313 (Stand 1. Januar 2021) Beschäftige an 14 Standorten.
558:
494:
432:
358:
318:
162:
149:
623:
1562:
526:, 1990. Former Stasi district headquarters in Leipzig, now a Stasi museum.
1400:"German party leader is named as Stasi informant in files studied by CIA"
836:"The World from Berlin Stasi Files Reveal East Germany's 'Dirty Reality'"
803:
506:
366:
317:
The Stasi was established on 8 February 1950. It functioned as the GDR's
193:
1312:"The machine that is putting together the Stasi's 600m-piece spy jigsaw"
1938:
1809:
1795:
Act on Illegality of the Communist Regime and on Resistance Against It
1171:
588:
518:
487:
448:
748:
Gendenkstätte Andreasstraße: Haft, Diktatur und Revolution in Erfurt
1716:
European Public Hearing on Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes
1638:
Stasi records used in a witness report of a former Stasi prisoner:
900:"Stasi files row as Britain refuses to return documents to Germany"
460:
436:
1632:
1219:
523:
456:
444:
420:
141:
1546:
486:
The agency was headed by a Federal Commissioner, elected by the
951:
536:
424:
397:
1893:
Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes in Romania
1639:
1142:"Der chronologische Ablauf der Ereignisse am 4. Dezember 1989"
867:"East German Stasi files open to public online for first time"
279:
71:
337:) on 17 November 1989. It was dissolved on 13 January 1990.
43:
464:
440:
419:
There were also 12 regional offices of the organisation in
1609:
1575:"Meckel sieht Chancen in Auflösung der bisherigen Behörde"
1000:"The Minds Solving the Giant Puzzle the Stasi Left Behind"
973:
638:
618:
278:) was the organisation that administered the archives of
1722:
Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism
1674:
329:". It was renamed the "Office for National Security" (
1635:
The Stasi Records Agency's Online Archive (in German)
1883:
Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania
1853:
Institute for Information on the Crimes of Communism
1640:
Stasi Prison - with original Stasi records 1985-1986
1619:
Germany's records of repression - People & Power
947:"The Stasi Had a Giant Smell Register of Dissidents"
648:
594:
412:
in Berlin, in what was part of the sprawling former
1898:
Hannah Arendt Institute for Totalitarianism Studies
306:. On June 17, 2021, the BStU was absorbed into the
1520:
1433:
1398:
689:[The Stasi documents archive in numbers].
286:(East Germany). It was a government agency of the
1728:European Parliament declaration of 23 August 2008
1969:
1343:"Stasi files: The world's biggest jigsaw puzzle"
1843:Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes
1224:Mediathek Stasi Records Agency's Online Archive
771:Maser, Peter; Veen, Hans-Joachim, eds. (2015).
1739:European Parliament resolution of 2 April 2009
1456:
355:Der Bundesbeauftragte für die Stasi-Unterlagen
1660:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
543:) occupied the building and the neighbouring
1243:
1241:
244:
196:, Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records
85:
33:
1305:
1303:
667:Memorial and Education Centre Andreasstraße
547:, where they stored files for safekeeping.
2023:Platform of European Memory and Conscience
2003:Government agencies disestablished in 2021
1873:Reconciliation of European Histories Group
1863:Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records
1667:
1653:
1267:
1092:Platform of European Memory and Conscience
1026:
1024:
1022:
476:Platform of European Memory and Conscience
18:Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records
1392:
1390:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1247:
1238:
860:
858:
770:
1431:
1309:
1300:
944:
775:. Weimar / Erfurt: Stiftung Ettersberg.
517:
481:
391:
302:); the official German abbreviation was
182:1,313 (As of 31 December 2020)
1998:Government agencies established in 1991
1167:"How ordinary people smashed the Stasi"
1112:
1019:
864:
687:"Das Stasi-Unterlagen-Archiv in Zahlen"
400:, housed in a 17th-century barracks at
14:
2033:History organisations based in Germany
1970:
1396:
1387:
1361:
1340:
1329:
1286:"The Reconstruction of Torn Documents"
893:
891:
889:
855:
833:
795:
1648:
1435:"CIA to unmask 50,000 ex-Stasi spies"
1120:Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung
997:
375:Gauck-, Birthler-, & Jahn-Behörde
1248:Oltermann, Philip (3 January 2018).
897:
745:
1515:
1341:Bowlby, Chris (14 September 2012).
1113:Stötzer, Gabriele (10 April 2018).
886:
530:After the Central Committee of the
24:
1750:Declaration on Crimes of Communism
1689:Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism
1587:from the original on 22 March 2021
1508:
1349:. British Broadcasting Corporation
1106:
1060:"Stasi Records Agency Organigramm"
865:Huggler, Justin (9 January 2015).
796:Vilasi, Antonella Colonna (2015).
750:. Berlin: Christoph Links Verlag.
607:
25:
2049:
1983:2021 disestablishments in Germany
1848:Institute of National Remembrance
1710:Council of Europe resolution 1481
1601:
595:Reconstruction of destroyed files
1868:Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial
1446:from the original on 2022-05-24.
998:Tatke, Sukhada (7 August 2017).
898:Pidd, Helen (28 December 2011).
834:Schaer, Cathrin (10 July 2009).
651:
243:
236:
81:Ministerium für Staatssicherheit
42:
1744:Vilnius Declaration of the OSCE
1460:"Rosenholz": Eine Quellenkritik
1457:Müller-Enbergs, Helmut (2007).
1450:
1425:
1413:from the original on 2022-05-24
1212:
1187:
1159:
1146:Gesellschaft für Zeitgeschichte
1134:
1080:
1052:
991:
966:
938:
474:The agency was a member of the
387:
2038:Human rights abuses in Germany
1978:1991 establishments in Germany
1432:Paterson, Tony (8 July 2003).
1310:Connolly, Kate (10 May 2007).
945:Hairsine, Kate (23 May 2007).
913:
827:
789:
764:
739:
709:
679:
577:
570:and the events leading to the
562:able to do on 2 January 1992.
13:
1:
1756:Stockholm Programme of the EU
1397:Elkins, Ruth (31 July 2003).
1288:. Federal Archives of Germany
672:
628:Party of Democratic Socialism
568:1953 uprising in East Germany
396:Former Stasi Records Agency,
2018:Mass surveillance by country
1762:Warsaw Declaration of the EU
1583:(in German). 19 March 2021.
1523:The file: A personal history
1115:"Für Angst blieb keine Zeit"
522:Memorial Site "Runde Ecke",
380:It has also been called the
335:Amt für Nationale Sicherheit
255:Location on a map of Berlin.
110:Former Secret Police Archive
7:
1915:The Black Book of Communism
644:
384:("Stasi Records Agency" ).
288:Federal Republic of Germany
118:Dissolved, now part of the
72:Ministry for State Security
10:
2054:
1805:Decommunization in Ukraine
513:
284:German Democratic Republic
280:Ministry of State Security
1949:
1923:Between Hitler and Stalin
1906:
1825:
1800:Decommunization in Russia
1785:Bans on communist symbols
1777:
1698:
1683:
717:"The Founding of the MfS"
535:district headquarters in
260:
231:
226:
203:
186:
178:
163:52.5257611°N 13.4135500°E
125:
114:
106:
98:
63:
55:
50:
41:
32:
1032:"History of the Records"
802:. Bloomington, Indiana:
799:The History of the Stasi
382:Stasi-Unterlagen-Behörde
327:unofficial collaborators
276:Stasi-Unterlagen-Behörde
83:, commonly known as the
35:Stasi-Unterlagen-Behörde
2013:History of East Germany
1993:German federal agencies
585:German Federal Archives
572:fall of the Berlin Wall
344:
308:German Federal Archives
120:German Federal Archives
1858:House of Terror Museum
626:, the chairman of the
541:Frauen für Veränderung
527:
405:
374:
350:
334:
299:
282:(Stasi) of the former
275:
217:/stasi-records-archive
168:52.5257611; 13.4135500
130:Karl-Liebknecht-Straße
86:
80:
34:
746:Voit, Jochen (2016).
532:Socialist Unity Party
521:
482:Federal Commissioners
429:Frankfurt-an-der-Oder
395:
1678:in Europe since 1989
1199:Stasi Records Agency
1088:"About the platform"
1067:Stasi Records Agency
1039:Stasi Records Agency
925:Stasi Records Agency
555:German Reunification
268:Stasi Records Agency
28:Stasi Records Agency
1988:Archives in Germany
1517:Ash, Timothy Garton
1195:"Tasks of the BStU"
974:"About the Archive"
921:"About the Archive"
659:East Germany portal
545:Stasi remand prison
323:intelligence agency
159: /
29:
2028:Privacy in Germany
1699:European hearings,
1628:Al Jazeera English
1519:(1 January 1997).
630:and its successor
528:
414:Stasi headquarters
406:
402:Petersberg Citadel
187:Archives executive
138:Berlin-Lichtenberg
64:Preceding Archives
27:
1965:
1964:
1440:Independent.co.uk
1175:. 4 December 2014
782:978-3-943098-13-6
757:978-3-86153-885-1
727:on 20 August 2019
632:Party of The Left
589:German Parliament
557:in October 1990,
501:Marianne Birthler
264:
263:
59:December 29, 1991
51:Archives overview
16:(Redirected from
2045:
1931:The Soviet Story
1833:Black Ribbon Day
1790:Communist crimes
1669:
1662:
1655:
1646:
1645:
1620:
1613:
1612:
1610:Official website
1596:
1594:
1592:
1570:
1567:Internet Archive
1527:(1st ed.).
1526:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1437:
1429:
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1420:
1418:
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1358:
1356:
1354:
1338:
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1073:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1036:
1028:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1005:Pacific Standard
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
970:
964:
963:
961:
959:
942:
936:
935:
933:
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917:
911:
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906:
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862:
853:
852:
850:
848:
831:
825:
824:
822:
820:
793:
787:
786:
768:
762:
761:
743:
737:
736:
734:
732:
723:. Archived from
713:
707:
706:
700:
698:
683:
661:
656:
655:
654:
247:
246:
240:
221:
218:
216:
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210:
174:
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169:
164:
160:
157:
156:
155:
152:
134:
89:
46:
37:
30:
26:
21:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2042:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1945:
1902:
1821:
1773:
1702:
1701:resolutions and
1700:
1694:
1693:
1679:
1673:
1633:Stasi Mediathek
1618:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1599:
1590:
1588:
1580:Deutschlandfunk
1573:
1539:
1511:
1509:Further reading
1506:
1505:
1493:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1455:
1451:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1406:The Independent
1395:
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1378:
1376:
1367:
1366:
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1339:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1308:
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1256:
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1239:
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1218:
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1213:
1203:
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1193:
1192:
1188:
1178:
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1164:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1094:. December 2014
1086:
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1081:
1071:
1069:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1034:
1030:
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1008:
996:
992:
982:
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728:
715:
714:
710:
696:
694:
685:
684:
680:
675:
657:
652:
650:
647:
614:Rosenholz files
610:
608:Rosenholz files
597:
580:
516:
484:
453:New Brandenburg
390:
347:
256:
253:
252:
251:
250:
249:
248:
207:
199:
167:
165:
161:
158:
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136:
132:
94:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2051:
2041:
2040:
2035:
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2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1963:
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1953:
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1935:
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1802:
1797:
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