1238:
to collisions and the resulting rebroadcasts. Under heavy use, the total throughput was increased compared to the other standards. The other was that the hubs could examine the payload types and schedule the nodes based on their bandwidth requirements. For instance, a node sending a video signal may not require much bandwidth but will require it to be predictable in terms of when it is delivered. A VG hub could schedule access on that node to ensure it received the transmission timeslots it needed while opening up the network at all other times to the other nodes. This style of access was known as
810:
665:
924:
848:
741:
627:
22:
886:
703:
3180:
829:
722:
943:
905:
760:
646:
1140:, standardized in IEEE 802.3y, the data is transmitted over two copper pairs, but these pairs are only required to be Category 3 rather than the Category 5 required by 100BASE-TX. Data is transmitted and received on both pairs simultaneously thus allowing full-duplex operation. Transmission uses 4 bits per symbol. The 4-bit symbol is expanded into two 3-bit symbols through a non-trivial scrambling procedure based on a
867:
684:
3192:
958:
987:, the active pairs in a standard connection are terminated on pins 1, 2, 3 and 6. Since a typical Category 5 cable contains four pairs and the performance requirements of 100BASE-TX do not exceed the capabilities of even the worst-performing pair, one typical cable can carry two 100BASE-TX links with a simple wiring adaptor on each end. Cabling is conventionally wired to one of
1144:. This is needed to flatten the bandwidth and emission spectrum of the signal, as well as to match transmission line properties. The mapping of the original bits to the symbol codes is not constant in time and has a fairly large period (appearing as a pseudo-random sequence). The final mapping from symbols to
181:(RMII). In rare cases, the MII may be an external connection but is usually a connection between ICs in a network adapter or even two sections within a single IC. The specs are written based on the assumption that the interface between MAC and PHY will be an MII but they do not require it. Fast Ethernet or
1998:
100BASE-EX is very similar to 100BASE-LX10 but achieves longer distances up to 40 km over a pair of single-mode fibers due to higher quality optics than a LX10, running on 1310 nm wavelength lasers. 100BASE-EX is not a formal standard but industry-accepted term. It is sometimes referred to
1237:
This concept was intended to solve two problems. The first was that it eliminated the need for collision detection and thereby reduced contention on busy networks. While any particular node may find itself throttled due to heavy traffic, the network as a whole would not end up losing efficiency due
1167:
used by 100BASE-TX. Maximum distance was limited to 100 meters. One pair was reserved for transmit and one for receive, and the remaining two switched direction. The fact that three pairs were used to transmit in each direction made 100BASE-T4 inherently half-duplex. Using three cable pairs allowed
2007:
100BASE-ZX is a non-standard but multi-vendor term to refer to Fast
Ethernet transmission using 1,550 nm wavelength to achieve distances of at least 70 km over single-mode fiber. Some vendors specify distances up to 160 km over single-mode fiber, sometimes called 100BASE-EZX. Ranges
1965:
100BASE-SX is a version of Fast
Ethernet over optical fiber standardized in TIA/EIA-785-1-2002. It is a lower-cost, shorter-distance alternative to 100BASE-FX. Because of the shorter wavelength used (850 nm) and the shorter distance supported, 100BASE-SX uses less expensive optical components
1224:
VG was similar to T4 in that it used more cable pairs combined with a lower carrier frequency to allow it to reach 100 mbps on voice-grade cables. It differed in the way those cables were assigned. Whereas T4 would use the two extra pairs in different directions depending on the direction of
1064:
the data is transmitted over a single copper pair, 3 bits per symbol, each transmitted as code pair using PAM3. It supports full-duplex transmission. The twisted-pair cable is required to support 66 MHz, with a maximum length of 15 m. No specific connector is defined. The standard is
146:, itself an evolution of 10BASE5 (802.3) and 10BASE2 (802.3a). Fast Ethernet devices are generally backward compatible with existing 10BASE-T systems, enabling plug-and-play upgrades from 10BASE-T. Most switches and other networking devices with ports capable of Fast Ethernet can perform
1233:
scheme to choose which of the attached nodes were allowed to communicate at any given time, based on signals sent to it from the nodes using control mode. When one node was selected to become active, it would switch to transfer mode, send or receive a packet, and return to control mode.
1175:
code was used to convert 8 data bits into 6 base-3 digits (the signal shaping is possible as there are nearly three times as many 6-digit base-3 numbers as there are 8-digit base-2 numbers). The two resulting 3-digit base-3 symbols were sent in parallel over three pairs using 3-level
1989:
100BASE-BX10 is a version of Fast
Ethernet over optical fiber standardized in 802.3ah-2004 clause 58. It uses an optical multiplexer to split TX and RX signals into different wavelengths on the same fiber. It has a 10 km reach over a single strand of single-mode fiber.
1973:, the 10 Mbit/s version of Ethernet over optical fiber, 100BASE-SX can be backward-compatible with 10BASE-FL. Cost and compatibility makes 100BASE-SX an attractive option for those upgrading from 10BASE-FL and those who do not require long distances.
1221:, 100BaseVG was an alternative design using category 3 cabling and a token concept instead of CSMA/CD. It was slated for standardization as IEEE 802.12 but it quickly vanished when switched 100BASE-TX became popular. The IEEE standard was later withdrawn.
2279:
2008:
beyond 80 km are highly dependent upon the path loss of the fiber in use, specifically the attenuation figure in dB per km, the number and quality of connectors/patch panels and splices located between transceivers.
1952:
100BASE-LFX is a non-standard term to refer to Fast
Ethernet transmission. It is very similar to 100BASE-FX but achieves longer distances up to 4–5 km over a pair of multi-mode fibers through the use of
223:
or better cable, defunct), 100BASE-T2 (100 Mbit/s over two-pair Cat3 or better cable, also defunct). The segment length for a 100BASE-T cable is limited to 100 metres (328 ft) (the same limit as
2214:"The 100BASE-TX PMD (and MDI) is specified by incorporating the FDDI TP-PMD standard, ANSI X3.263: 1995 (TP-PMD), by reference, with the modifications noted below." (section 25.2 of IEEE802.3-2002).
1225:
data exchange, VG instead used two transmission modes. In one, control, two pairs are used for transmission and reception as in classic
Ethernet, while the other two pairs are used for
150:, sensing a piece of 10BASE-T equipment and setting the port to 10BASE-T half duplex if the 10BASE-T equipment cannot perform autonegotiation itself. The standard specifies the use of
2626:
1168:
it to reach 100 mbps while running at lower carrier frequencies, which allowed it to run on older cabling that many companies had recently installed for 10BASE-T networks.
2399:
1029:. The 4B5B encoding provides DC equalization and spectrum shaping. Just as in the 100BASE-FX case, the bits are then transferred to the physical medium attachment layer using
2462:
2138:
1981:
100BASE-LX10 is a version of Fast
Ethernet over optical fiber standardized in 802.3ah-2004 clause 58. It has a 10 km reach over a pair of single-mode fibers.
192:
actually observed on real networks is less than the theoretical maximum, due to the necessary header and trailer (addressing and error-detection bits) on every
2966:
1999:
as 100BASE-LH (long haul), and is easily confused with 100BASE-LX10 or 100BASE-ZX because the use of -LX(10), -LH, -EX, and -ZX is ambiguous between vendors.
2437:
2712:
1148:
line modulation levels obeys the table on the right. 100BASE-T2 was not widely adopted but the technology developed for it is used in 1000BASE-T.
2745:
2413:
2637:
1957:
laser transmitter running on 1310 nm wavelength. The signal attenuation per km at 1300 nm is about half the loss of 850 nm.
2512:
2345:
2600:
2184:
976:
or above cable. Cable distance between nodes can be up to 100 metres (328 ft). One pair is used for each direction, providing
3160:
1172:
2168:
2120:
2077:
1065:
intended for automotive applications or when Fast
Ethernet is to be integrated into another application. It was developed as
2760:
1014:. With today's equipment, crossover cables are generally not needed as most equipment supports auto-negotiation along with
3155:
1736:
optics sharable with 10BASE-FL, thus making it possible to have an auto-negotiation scheme and use 10/100 fiber adapters.
178:
98:) refers to the physical medium that carries the signal (twisted pair or fiber, respectively), while the last character (
2787:
1229:. In the second mode, transmission, all four are used to transfer data in a single direction. The hubs implemented a
962:
2538:
1054:
3006:
1141:
188:
The MII fixes the theoretical maximum data bit rate for all versions of Fast
Ethernet to 100 Mbit/s. The
173:). The MAC is typically linked to the PHY by a four-bit 25 MHz synchronous parallel interface known as a
2755:
2299:
2750:
1021:
With 100BASE-TX hardware, the raw bits, presented 4 bits wide clocked at 25 MHz at the MII, go through
3223:
1200:
29:
2322:
3218:
3150:
3100:
3095:
2720:
2017:
1893:
1255:
174:
169:(MAC), which deals with the higher-level issues of medium availability, and a physical layer interface (
3145:
2943:
2933:
2307:
1177:
1066:
241:
1867:
Fast
Ethernet speed is not available on all SFP ports, but supported by some devices. An SFP port for
3196:
3135:
3057:
2765:
1926:
1011:
3119:
2866:
2830:
1033:
encoding. However, 100BASE-TX introduces an additional, medium-dependent sublayer, which employs
809:
664:
62:
standard and remained the fastest version of
Ethernet for three years before the introduction of
44:
2349:
1433:
923:
847:
740:
626:
3001:
2780:
2139:"Cisco 100BASE-X Small Form-Factor Pluggable Modules for Fast Ethernet Applications Data Sheet"
885:
702:
2881:
1226:
1038:
82:
in the media type designation refers to the transmission speed of 100 Mbit/s, while the
991:'s termination standards, T568A or T568B. 100BASE-TX uses pairs 2 and 3 (orange and green).
3077:
3052:
2845:
994:
The configuration of 100BASE-TX networks is very similar to 10BASE-T. When used to build a
166:
162:
and operate in full-duplex mode, even as legacy devices that use half duplex still exist.
8:
3072:
3062:
3042:
3037:
3021:
2928:
2840:
2835:
2191:
1474:
1183:
100BASE-T4 was not widely adopted but some of the technology developed for it is used in
135:
2539:"Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Optical Networking – But Were Afraid to Ask"
2938:
2800:
1159:
was an early implementation of Fast Ethernet. It required four twisted copper pairs of
995:
212:
1954:
3184:
2912:
2773:
2234:
2164:
2073:
1385:
1371:
1251:
998:, the devices on the network (computers, printers etc.) are typically connected to a
401:
828:
721:
3047:
2850:
2825:
2815:
2124:
2102:
2065:
1868:
1164:
1160:
1037:
as a final encoding of the data stream before transmission, resulting in a maximum
973:
972:
is the predominant form of Fast Ethernet, and runs over two pairs of wire inside a
942:
904:
759:
645:
573:
513:
453:
345:
229:
220:
216:
189:
63:
48:
37:
2627:"Differences between OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4, OS1, OS2 fiber optic cable nomenclatures"
2036:
It may possible for certain types of optics to work with a mismatch in wavelength.
1025:
binary encoding to generate a series of 0 and 1 symbols clocked at a 125 MHz
866:
683:
3114:
2871:
2069:
1941:
1646:
1562:
1357:
1343:
1329:
1312:
1295:
1278:
1239:
1218:
1187:. Very few hubs were released with 100BASE-T4 support. Some examples include the
197:
159:
147:
3109:
3067:
2886:
2662:
1855:
optical multiplexer used to split TX and RX signals into different wavelengths.
1003:
193:
1254:
with the listed interface types. Interfaces may be fixed or modular, often as
21:
3212:
1922:
1883:
1455:
1230:
1203:. Bridging 100BASE-T4 with 100BASE-TX required additional network equipment.
139:
2370:
185:
may use the MII to connect to multiple PHYs for their different interfaces.
1750:
1007:
999:
988:
777:
594:
182:
131:
1558:
max. 412 m for half-duplex connections to ensure collision detection;
3087:
2891:
2687:
2579:
2487:
1026:
977:
275:
155:
1010:. Alternatively, it is possible to connect two devices directly using a
3140:
2907:
1910:
1888:
1684:
1184:
1015:
469:
415:
359:
299:
233:
2795:
2106:
1879:
To have interoperability there are some criteria that have to be met:
3016:
3011:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2876:
1970:
1944:
where more speed is not required, like industrial automation plants.
1934:
1871:
should not be assumed to be backwards compatible with Fast Ethernet.
1478:
1212:
529:
270:
107:
1444:
236:(approved 1995). Almost all 100BASE-T installations are 100BASE-TX.
16:
Ethernet standards that carry data at the nominal rate of 100 Mbit/s
2948:
2796:
1906:
984:
225:
143:
127:
87:
1041:
of 31.25 MHz. The procedure is borrowed from the ANSI X3.263
2996:
2991:
2971:
151:
1366:
3500 MHz·km @ 850 nm + 1850 MHz·km @ 950 nm
158:
mode is also specified and in practice, all modern networks use
51:
speed was 10 Mbit/s. Of the Fast Ethernet physical layers,
3105:
957:
2121:"OC3/STM1 GE/FE Module Combination - ERX 10.3.x Module Guide"
1196:
1145:
1079:
1034:
328:
219:
or better cable), 100BASE-T4 (100 Mbit/s over four-pair
25:
2280:"IBM 8225 Fast Ethernet Stackable Hub Hardware Announcement"
2254:
2093:
H. Frazier (2002) . "The 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet Standard".
3165:
2061:
1930:
1486:
1482:
1188:
1042:
1030:
1022:
773:
590:
331:
325:
2235:"Driven by IEEE Standards, Ethernet Hits the Road in 2016"
47:
carry traffic at the nominal rate of 100 Mbit/s. The
2394:
2392:
2390:
2284:
1490:
1192:
170:
70:
is sometimes used for devices supporting both standards.
165:
A Fast Ethernet adapter can be logically divided into a
215:, including: 100BASE-TX (100 Mbit/s over two-pair
110:
method used. Fast Ethernet is sometimes referred to as
2387:
1940:
100BASE-FX is still used for existing installation of
2663:"GLC-FE-100EX 100BASE-EX SFP (mini-GBIC) Transceiver"
2513:"Fiber incompatabilities? – Ars Technica OpenForum"
2158:
1905:100BASE-X Ethernet is not backward compatible with
2406:
177:(MII), or by a two-bit 50 MHz variant called
1937:, the 10 Mbit/s version over optical fiber.
3210:
2248:
980:operation at 100 Mbit/s in each direction.
126:Fast Ethernet is an extension of the 10-megabit
2680:
2655:
2376:. Contemporary Control Systems, Inc. 2001-11-01
1018:to select and match speed, duplex and pairing.
2761:ProCurve Networking 100BASE-FX Technical Brief
2259:. Macmillan Technical Publishing. p. 107.
1921:100BASE-FX is a version of Fast Ethernet over
211:is any of several Fast Ethernet standards for
2781:
2232:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
1933:'s PMD, so 100BASE-FX is not compatible with
1055:Ethernet over twisted pair § Single-pair
142:, similar to the IEEE standard 802.3i called
118:is a placeholder for the FX and TX variants.
2348:. IEEE Standards Association. Archived from
1717:
1539:
1199:LinkBuilder FMS 100 T4. The same applies to
58:Fast Ethernet was introduced in 1995 as the
2593:
1874:
2788:
2774:
2746:Common 100 Mbit/s Hardware Variations
2145:
2092:
1862:
90:signaling. The letter following the dash (
2323:"Intel Express 100BASE-T4 User's Manual"
1781:
1621:
1560:specification largely derived from FDDI.
1053:For broader coverage of this topic, see
956:
20:
1969:Because it uses the same wavelength as
1799:
1796:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1163:, a lower-performing cable compared to
3211:
2769:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2255:Robert Breyer and Sean Riley (1999).
1195:8225 Fast Ethernet Stackable Hub and
3191:
2257:Switched, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet
1069:(OABR) before IEEE standardization.
1045:specifications, with minor changes.
244:physical transport layers (TP-PHYs)
2208:
1909:and is not forward compatible with
1394:0.4 dB/km @ 1300/1550 nm
1380:1.0 dB/km @ 1300/1550 nm
232:). All are or were standards under
179:reduced media independent interface
13:
2851:200, 400, 800 and 1600 Gbit/s
2713:"SFP15160FE0B / SFP / 100BASE-eZX"
2333:
14:
3235:
2756:IEEE802.3 standards free download
2739:
1813:
121:
3190:
3179:
3178:
2463:"Cisco 100BASE-X SFP Data Sheet"
2300:"3Com Product End of Sale dates"
2163:(2nd ed.). O'Reilly Media.
1586:
1191:3C250-T4 Superstack II HUB 100,
941:
922:
903:
884:
865:
846:
827:
808:
758:
739:
720:
701:
682:
663:
644:
625:
580:
539:
520:
479:
460:
425:
2751:Origins and History of Ethernet
2705:
2619:
2572:
2560:
2531:
2505:
2480:
2455:
2430:
2371:"Introduction To Fast Ethernet"
2363:
2315:
2292:
2272:
2263:
2030:
1984:
1976:
1500:
1352:3500 MHz·km @ 850 nm
1338:1500 MHz·km @ 850 nm
1245:
73:
2414:"Datasheet for SFP-1FE Series"
2400:"Datasheet for EDS-408A-MM-ST"
2226:
2217:
2177:
2161:Ethernet: The Definitive Guide
2131:
2113:
2086:
2050:
1947:
1324:500 MHz·km @ 850 nm
1307:200 MHz·km @ 850 nm
1290:160 MHz·km @ 850 nm
1142:linear-feedback shift register
1082:line modulation level mapping
1:
2488:"FS GLC-GE-100FX Transceiver"
2438:"Cisco 350 Series Data Sheet"
2043:
2002:
1993:
1960:
1929:(PMD) sublayer is defined by
1916:
1201:network interface controllers
1151:
1072:
1048:
952:
2688:"FS-GLC-FE-100ZX 100BASE-ZX"
2580:"Datasheet for SFP-100FX-31"
2233:Junko Yoshida (2015-12-01).
2159:Charles E. Spurgeon (2014).
2070:10.1109/IEEESTD.1995.7974916
1493:– Full-Duplex / Half-Duplex)
1262:Legend for fibre-based PHYs
1206:
572:
512:
452:
408:
400:
352:
344:
154:for media access control. A
7:
2223:IEEE 802.3bw-2015 Clause 96
2018:List of interface bit rates
2011:
1256:small form-factor pluggable
577:
569:
566:
563:
557:
551:
548:
545:
542:
517:
509:
506:
503:
497:
491:
488:
485:
482:
457:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
405:
397:
394:
391:
388:
382:
379:
376:
373:
349:
341:
338:
335:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
242:twisted-pair-based Ethernet
175:media-independent interface
55:is by far the most common.
10:
3240:
2308:Hewlett Packard Enterprise
1966:(LEDs instead of lasers).
1467:
1210:
1178:pulse-amplitude modulation
1067:Open Alliance BroadR-Reach
1052:
961:3Com 3C905B-TX 100BASE-TX
3174:
3128:
3086:
3030:
2959:
2921:
2900:
2859:
2808:
2568:Functional specifications
1927:physical medium dependent
1778:
1755:
1734:
1710:
1699:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1638:
1614:
1603:
1600:
1591:
1584:
1556:
1528:
1517:
1514:
1505:
1498:
1217:Proposed and marketed by
203:
3101:SFP/SFP+/QSFP/QSFP+/OSFP
2023:
1901:Media type and dimension
1875:Optical interoperability
1161:voice grade twisted pair
2566:IEEE 802.3 clause 26.2
2548:. Richard A Steenbergen
2346:"ANSI/IEEE 802.12-1995"
1863:Fast Ethernet SFP ports
200:between transmissions.
167:media access controller
140:star wired bus topology
2846:40 and 100 Gbit/s
2601:"Knowledge Base Fiber"
1489:– Line rate: 125
1078:100BASE-T2 symbols to
966:
965:network interface card
106:, etc.) refers to the
33:
28:PRO/100 Fast Ethernet
2841:25 and 50 Gbit/s
2831:2.5 and 5 Gbit/s
1281:FDDI 62.5/125 µm
1039:fundamental frequency
960:
409:Automotive, IoT, M2M
130:standard. It runs on
24:
2064:. October 26, 1995.
1642:FP laser transmitter
1477:: 100 Mbit/s –
1298:OM1 62.5/125 µm
264:Lanes per direction
3224:Computer networking
2402:. MOXA. 2019-08-06.
1263:
1250:Fiber variants use
1083:
781:
598:
290:Cable rating (MHz)
245:
213:twisted pair cables
196:, and the required
136:optical fiber cable
38:computer networking
3219:Ethernet standards
2801:local area network
2723:on August 19, 2020
2607:. 28 February 2014
2419:. MOXA. 2018-10-12
1388:OS2 9/125 µm
1374:OS1 9/125 µm
1360:OM5 50/125 µm
1346:OM4 50/125 µm
1332:OM3 50/125 µm
1315:OM2 50/125 µm
1261:
1090:Line signal level
1077:
996:local area network
967:
772:
589:
239:
34:
3206:
3205:
3058:Energy Efficiency
2913:Ethernet Alliance
2546:archive.nanog.org
2352:on April 19, 2014
2170:978-1-4493-6184-6
2107:10.1109/65.690946
2079:978-0-7381-0276-4
1925:. The 100BASE-FX
1860:
1859:
1856:
1838:
1807:
1786:
1776:
1762:
1737:
1708:
1650:
1649:: 800 MHz·km
1612:
1597:
1566:
1565:: 800 MHz·km
1526:
1512:
1494:
1460:
1449:
1438:
1422:
1398:
1397:
1252:fiber-optic cable
1134:
1133:
950:
949:
767:
766:
587:
586:
284:Max distance (m)
160:Ethernet switches
3231:
3194:
3193:
3182:
3181:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2767:
2766:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2719:. Archived from
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2642:
2636:. Archived from
2631:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2543:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2418:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2396:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2375:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2342:
2331:
2330:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2196:
2190:. Archived from
2189:
2185:"CAT5E Adapters"
2181:
2175:
2174:
2156:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2125:Juniper Networks
2117:
2111:
2110:
2101:(3). IEEE: 6–7.
2090:
2084:
2083:
2058:IEEE 802.3u-1995
2054:
2037:
2034:
1869:Gigabit Ethernet
1851:full-duplex only
1849:
1843:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1816:
1805:full-duplex only
1803:
1791:
1782:
1774:
1770:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1744:
1735:
1723:
1706:
1702:
1694:
1687:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1639:
1627:
1610:
1606:
1595:
1589:
1580:
1573:
1557:
1545:
1535:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1503:
1472:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1430:
1418:
1400:
1399:
1323:
1306:
1289:
1264:
1260:
1165:Category 5 cable
1084:
1076:
945:
926:
907:
888:
869:
850:
831:
812:
782:
771:
762:
743:
724:
705:
686:
667:
648:
629:
599:
588:
560:Half-duplex only
555:
537:
532:
500:Half-duplex only
495:
477:
472:
423:
418:
386:
367:
362:
307:
302:
281:Bandwidth (MHz)
246:
238:
230:gigabit Ethernet
190:information rate
64:Gigabit Ethernet
3239:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3170:
3124:
3082:
3026:
2955:
2917:
2896:
2872:Autonegotiation
2855:
2821:100 Mbit/s
2804:
2794:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2585:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2517:arstechnica.com
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2355:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2334:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2288:. May 28, 1996.
2278:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2253:
2249:
2240:
2238:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2157:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1979:
1963:
1950:
1942:multimode fiber
1919:
1877:
1865:
1854:
1841:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1812:
1789:
1772:
1769:
1759:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1721:
1714:
1712:
1704:
1701:
1692:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1647:Modal bandwidth
1645:
1643:
1641:
1640:vendor-specific
1625:
1618:
1616:
1608:
1605:
1594:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1563:Modal bandwidth
1561:
1559:
1543:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1522:
1519:
1509:
1506:
1499:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1321:
1304:
1287:
1248:
1240:demand priority
1219:Hewlett-Packard
1215:
1209:
1171:A very unusual
1154:
1075:
1058:
1051:
1012:crossover cable
955:
769:
553:
535:
528:
493:
475:
468:
421:
414:
384:
365:
358:
305:
298:
278:per lane (MBd)
267:Bits per hertz
261:Pairs required
258:Speed (Mbit/s)
206:
198:interpacket gap
148:autonegotiation
124:
76:
45:physical layers
17:
12:
11:
5:
3237:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3188:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2867:Physical layer
2863:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2836:10 Gbit/s
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2816:10 Mbit/s
2812:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2793:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2741:
2740:External links
2738:
2735:
2734:
2717:Skylane Optics
2704:
2679:
2654:
2643:on 18 May 2020
2618:
2605:Fluke Networks
2592:
2571:
2559:
2530:
2504:
2479:
2454:
2429:
2405:
2386:
2362:
2332:
2314:
2291:
2271:
2262:
2247:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2176:
2169:
2144:
2130:
2112:
2085:
2078:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1962:
1959:
1949:
1946:
1918:
1915:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1876:
1873:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1820:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1798:
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1792:
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1777:
1766:
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1602:
1599:
1590:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1544:FDDI: 2k (FDX)
1541:
1538:
1527:
1516:
1513:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1450:
1439:
1428:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1389:
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1375:
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1354:
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1302:
1299:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1247:
1244:
1211:Main article:
1208:
1205:
1153:
1150:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1074:
1071:
1050:
1047:
954:
951:
948:
947:
939:
936:
933:
929:
928:
920:
917:
914:
910:
909:
901:
898:
895:
891:
890:
882:
879:
876:
872:
871:
863:
860:
857:
853:
852:
844:
841:
838:
834:
833:
825:
822:
819:
815:
814:
806:
803:
800:
796:
795:
792:
789:
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765:
764:
756:
753:
750:
746:
745:
737:
734:
731:
727:
726:
718:
715:
712:
708:
707:
699:
696:
693:
689:
688:
680:
677:
674:
670:
669:
661:
658:
655:
651:
650:
642:
639:
636:
632:
631:
623:
620:
617:
613:
612:
609:
606:
603:
585:
584:
582:Market failure
579:
576:
571:
568:
565:
562:
556:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
533:
525:
524:
522:Market failure
519:
516:
511:
508:
505:
502:
496:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
473:
465:
464:
462:Market failure
459:
456:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
419:
411:
410:
407:
404:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
363:
355:
354:
351:
348:
343:
340:
337:
334:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
303:
295:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
273:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
240:Comparison of
205:
202:
194:Ethernet frame
123:
122:General design
120:
75:
72:
66:. The acronym
49:prior Ethernet
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3236:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3199:
3198:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:Organizations
2899:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2826:1 Gbit/s
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2791:
2786:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2622:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2547:
2540:
2534:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2415:
2409:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2372:
2366:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2301:
2295:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2266:
2258:
2251:
2236:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2197:on 2014-07-07
2193:
2186:
2180:
2172:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2140:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2081:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2009:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1958:
1956:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1923:optical fiber
1914:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:Line encoding
1882:
1881:
1880:
1872:
1870:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1840:
1837:
1821:
1818:
1815:
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1570:
1569:
1564:
1542:
1525:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1469:Fast Ethernet
1466:
1462:
1451:
1440:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1393:
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1303:
1300:
1297:
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1286:
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1280:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1231:token passing
1228:
1222:
1220:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1169:
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1162:
1158:
1149:
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1139:
1129:
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1125:
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1118:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1086:
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1081:
1070:
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1063:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1006:, creating a
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
986:
981:
979:
975:
971:
964:
959:
944:
940:
937:
934:
931:
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925:
921:
918:
915:
912:
911:
906:
902:
899:
896:
893:
892:
887:
883:
880:
877:
874:
873:
868:
864:
861:
858:
855:
854:
849:
845:
842:
839:
836:
835:
830:
826:
823:
820:
817:
816:
813:white/orange
811:
807:
804:
801:
798:
797:
793:
790:
787:
784:
783:
779:
775:
770:
761:
757:
754:
751:
748:
747:
742:
738:
735:
732:
729:
728:
723:
719:
716:
713:
710:
709:
704:
700:
697:
694:
691:
690:
685:
681:
678:
675:
672:
671:
668:white/orange
666:
662:
659:
656:
653:
652:
647:
643:
640:
637:
634:
633:
628:
624:
621:
618:
615:
614:
610:
607:
604:
601:
600:
596:
592:
583:
575:
561:
534:
531:
527:
526:
523:
515:
501:
474:
471:
467:
466:
463:
455:
420:
417:
413:
412:
403:
370:
364:
361:
357:
356:
347:
333:
330:
327:
309:
304:
301:
297:
296:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
247:
243:
237:
235:
231:
227:
222:
218:
214:
210:
201:
199:
195:
191:
186:
184:
183:Ethernet hubs
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
71:
69:
65:
61:
56:
54:
50:
46:
43:
42:Fast Ethernet
39:
31:
27:
23:
19:
3195:
3183:
3088:Transceivers
3031:Applications
2934:Twisted pair
2882:Flow control
2820:
2803:technologies
2725:. Retrieved
2721:the original
2716:
2707:
2695:. Retrieved
2691:
2682:
2670:. Retrieved
2666:
2657:
2645:. Retrieved
2638:the original
2633:
2621:
2609:. Retrieved
2604:
2595:
2584:. Retrieved
2574:
2567:
2562:
2550:. Retrieved
2545:
2533:
2521:. Retrieved
2519:. 2006-06-06
2516:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2491:
2482:
2470:. Retrieved
2466:
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2441:
2432:
2421:. Retrieved
2408:
2378:. Retrieved
2365:
2354:. Retrieved
2350:the original
2326:
2317:
2306:
2294:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2256:
2250:
2239:. Retrieved
2228:
2219:
2210:
2199:. Retrieved
2192:the original
2179:
2160:
2133:
2115:
2098:
2095:IEEE Network
2094:
2088:
2057:
2052:
2032:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1985:100BASE-BX10
1980:
1977:100BASE-LX10
1968:
1964:
1951:
1939:
1920:
1904:
1878:
1866:
1850:
1834:1550 nm
1829:1310 nm
1825:
1814:100BASE-BX10
1804:
1783:
1773:1310 nm
1771:
1757:802.3ah-2004
1751:100BASE-LX10
1703:
1663:62.5/125: 4k
1609:1310 nm
1607:
1592:
1523:1300 nm
1521:
1468:
1273:Performance
1249:
1246:Fiber optics
1236:
1227:flow control
1223:
1216:
1182:
1170:
1156:
1155:
1137:
1135:
1061:
1059:
1020:
1008:star network
993:
989:ANSI/TIA-568
982:
969:
968:
927:white/brown
851:white/green
778:ANSI/TIA-568
768:
744:white/brown
630:white/green
595:ANSI/TIA-568
581:
559:
521:
499:
461:
389:PAM-3 4B/3B
366:802.3bw-2015
208:
207:
187:
164:
132:twisted pair
125:
115:
111:
103:
99:
95:
91:
83:
79:
77:
74:Nomenclature
67:
59:
57:
52:
41:
35:
32:, a PCI card
18:
3078:Synchronous
3053:Data center
2269:IEEE 802.3y
1955:Fabry–Pérot
1948:100BASE-LFX
1898:Media count
1894:Duplex mode
1705:850 nm
1644:Full-duplex
1593:proprietary
1587:100BASE‑LFX
1537:MIC (FDDI)
1507:802.3u-1995
1419:Transceiver
1027:symbol rate
978:full-duplex
889:white/blue
706:white/blue
536:802.12-1995
498:8B6T PAM-3
476:802.3u-1995
441:LFSR PAM-5
422:802.3y-1997
402:Cat 5e
306:802.3u-1995
276:Symbol rate
156:full-duplex
60:IEEE 802.3u
3213:Categories
3129:Interfaces
3063:Industrial
3043:Automotive
3022:Long Reach
2944:First mile
2908:IEEE 802.3
2799:family of
2586:2020-03-21
2423:2020-03-21
2380:2018-08-25
2356:2018-07-31
2241:2016-10-06
2201:2012-12-17
2044:References
2003:100BASE-ZX
1994:100BASE-EX
1961:100BASE-SX
1917:100BASE-FX
1911:1000BASE-X
1889:Wavelength
1819:phase-out
1765:phase-out
1685:100BASE-SX
1670:50/125: 4k
1596:(non IEEE)
1579:50/125: 5k
1501:100BASE‑FX
1415:Connector
1270:Introduced
1267:Fibre type
1185:1000BASE-T
1157:100BASE-T4
1152:100BASE-T4
1138:100BASE-T2
1073:100BASE-T2
1062:100BASE-T1
1049:100BASE-T1
1016:auto MDI-X
974:Category 5
970:100BASE-TX
953:100BASE-TX
574:Cat 3
514:Cat 3
470:100BASE-T4
454:Cat 3
416:100BASE-T2
360:100BASE-T1
346:Cat 5
300:100BASE-TX
234:IEEE 802.3
86:refers to
53:100BASE-TX
3017:LattisNet
3012:100BaseVG
2987:10BASE-FL
2982:10BASE-FB
2977:10BROAD36
2877:EtherType
2237:. EETimes
1971:10BASE-FL
1935:10BASE-FL
1511:(CL24/26)
1479:Line code
1475:Data rate
1406:Standard
1213:100BaseVG
1207:100BaseVG
1180:(PAM-3).
1127:100 (ESC)
540:obsolete
530:100BaseVG
480:obsolete
426:obsolete
271:Line code
252:Standard
209:100BASE-T
112:100BASE-X
108:line code
3185:Category
2960:Historic
2949:10G-EPON
2797:Ethernet
2727:21 March
2697:21 March
2672:21 March
2634:stl.tech
2582:. FS.com
2552:30 March
2523:29 March
2497:26 March
2472:26 March
2447:22 March
2327:Manualzz
2141:. Cisco.
2012:See also
1907:10BASE-F
1842:OSx: 40k
1790:OSx: 10k
1743:OM2: 300
1722:OM1: 300
1677:OSx: 40k
1615:LC (SFP)
1601:current
1515:current
985:10BASE-T
776:wiring (
593:wiring (
371:current
310:current
226:10BASE-T
144:10BASE-T
128:Ethernet
114:, where
88:baseband
3197:Commons
3048:Carrier
2997:10BASE2
2992:10BASE5
2972:StarLAN
2967:CSMA/CD
2939:Coaxial
2860:General
2647:8 April
2611:8 April
1697:legacy
1691:TIA-785
1656:OM2: 2k
1626:OM1: 2k
1572:OM1: 4k
1445:Lambdas
1409:Status
1258:(SFP).
938:−/ring
900:−/ring
862:+/ring
832:orange
824:−/ring
780:T568B)
755:−/ring
725:orange
717:−/ring
679:+/ring
641:−/ring
597:T568A)
368:(CL96)
255:Status
152:CSMA/CD
3106:XENPAK
2892:Jumbos
2887:Frames
2809:Speeds
2692:FS.com
2667:FS.com
2167:
2076:
1761:(CL58)
1693:(2000)
1463:Notes
1421:Module
1412:Media
1087:Symbol
1004:switch
946:brown
919:+/tip
908:green
881:-/tip
843:+/tip
805:+/tip
794:Color
763:brown
736:+/tip
698:-/tip
660:+/tip
649:green
622:+/tip
611:Color
339:31.25
293:Usage
287:Cable
204:Copper
3161:XGMII
3073:Power
3068:Metro
3038:Audio
3007:FOIRL
2929:Fiber
2922:Media
2641:(PDF)
2630:(PDF)
2542:(PDF)
2467:Cisco
2442:Cisco
2417:(PDF)
2374:(PDF)
2303:(PDF)
2195:(PDF)
2188:(PDF)
2024:Notes
1822:fiber
1768:fiber
1700:fiber
1604:fiber
1534:MT-RJ
1518:fiber
1456:Lanes
1434:Media
1427:in m
1425:Reach
1403:Name
1197:Intel
1146:PAM-5
1080:PAM-5
1035:MLT-3
983:Like
870:blue
687:blue
558:5B6B
507:12.5
447:12.5
395:37.5
329:MLT-3
249:Name
138:in a
68:GE/FE
26:Intel
3166:XAUI
3156:GMII
3096:GBIC
2729:2020
2699:2020
2674:2020
2649:2020
2613:2020
2554:2020
2525:2020
2499:2020
2474:2020
2449:2020
2165:ISBN
2074:ISBN
2062:IEEE
1931:FDDI
1832:RX:
1827:TX:
1622:SFP
1487:NRZI
1483:4B5B
1391:2000
1377:1998
1363:2016
1349:2008
1335:2003
1318:1998
1301:1989
1284:1987
1189:3com
1173:8B6T
1043:FDDI
1031:NRZI
1023:4B5B
791:Wire
788:Pair
774:8P8C
608:Wire
605:Pair
591:8P8C
570:100
543:100
510:100
483:100
450:100
429:100
374:100
353:LAN
350:100
342:100
336:125
332:NRZI
326:4B5B
322:3.2
313:100
228:and
221:Cat3
217:Cat5
84:BASE
78:The
3151:MII
3146:MDI
3141:EAD
3136:AUI
3120:CFP
3115:XFP
3002:MAU
2285:IBM
2103:doi
2066:doi
1784:SFP
1779:LC
1715:LC
1619:SC
1491:MBd
1459:(→)
1448:(→)
1437:(⇆)
1386:SMF
1372:SMF
1358:MMF
1344:MMF
1330:MMF
1313:MMF
1296:MMF
1279:MMF
1193:IBM
1136:In
1130:+2
1122:−2
1119:011
1114:−1
1111:010
1106:+1
1103:001
1095:000
1060:In
1002:or
1000:hub
963:PCI
785:Pin
602:Pin
578:16
567:15
564:30
552:1.6
518:16
504:25
492:2.6
458:16
444:25
406:66
398:15
392:75
383:2.6
171:PHY
134:or
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30:NIC
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1529:ST
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1471:–
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