20:
44:
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32:
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which was required in order to achieve the fashionable silhouette. Changes in the shape of the farthingale impacted the construction of other garments including the "forepart", the exposed front or apron of the skirt or kirtle made from richer fabrics. Later forms of the forepart were larger and wider and some surviving examples seem to have been extended to accommodate the new shape.
264:, in 1571. They first appeared in England during the 1570s. On 17 March 1577 the English ambassador to Paris, Amyas Paulet, sent a new type of farthingale to Queen Elizabeth I stating that it was "such as is now used by the French Queen and the Queen of Navarre." Janet Arnold has stated that this new style was probably a roll that sat on top of the cone-shaped Spanish farthingale.
2144:
336:
streamlined the torso. Criticisms of farthingales are also indicative of spatial anxieties relating to fears about these garments creating intimate personal spaces around the female body, masking the appropriation of social status, and physically displacing men. These fears continued into the eighteenth and nineteenth century, where tropes about the size of hoop petticoats (
271:(1611), defined the French farthingale as "the kind of roll used by such women as weare no Vardingales." Several wardrobe accounts and tailors' bills of the late 16th century give us an idea of what these rolls were made of: they were stuffed with cotton and rags, and stiffened with hoops of whalebone, wire, or ropes made of bent reeds.
145:, in 1501. She and her ladies were observed to wear "beneath their waist certain round hoops, bearing out their gowns from their bodies, after their country manner". However, there is little evidence to show that she continued to wear this fashion as she adopted English styles of dress. In March 1519 at a masque at
323:
A second style of French farthingale, also known as the wheel, great, drum or cartwheel farthingale, became fashionable in
England during the 1590s. It seems to have consisted of several hoops made from whalebone that graduated outwards from the level of the waistline in a wheel shape. This structure
335:
Some historians have raised doubts about the size of these garments, which some contemporaries claimed could be as wide as 1.4 metres. Instead they claim that the seemingly enormous size of these garments was an optical illusion created by wearing it with a pair of bodies (corset) that elongated and
382:
was surprised by the size of Anne of
Denmark's farthingale which was four feet wide at the hips. Large styles of French farthingales remained popular in England and France until the 1620s when they disappeared in portraiture and wardrobe accounts. They were replaced by small rolls or bum-rolls that
331:
The great farthingale appears to have been worn at an angle ("low before and high behind") which visually elongated the wearer's torso while shortening her legs. The angle was likely created by the use of bodies (corsets) or boned bodices with long centre fronts that pushed down on the farthingale,
485:
The wardrobe accounts of Queen
Elizabeth mention the purchase of thousands of special "great verthingale pynnes", "myddle verthingale pynnes", and "smale verthingale pynnes" from 1563. These were probably used for pinning deep tucks in fathingales to hold whalebone supports, and to position heavy
327:
Although there are also no surviving examples of this type of garment, there are a number of references to a "Great
Farthingale" in Queen Elizabeth I's wardrobe accounts during the time when this style was in vogue. "Great" in this context referred to the large circumference of the farthingale,
459:
wrote to her London tailor, Roger Jones, about farthingale sleeves covered with satin, and he suggested another style of sleeve now in fashion would be "fytter" for her new gown. In 1607 there were discussions about taxing imported whale fin baleen, "used only in sleeves and bodies for women".
424:
In
England, sleeves were enlarged and shaped with a whale bone armature, worn as a support underneath wide sleeves, and these were called "farthingale sleeves" or "vardingall sleeves." An account from William Jones for making a gown for Queen Elizabeth includes "a payer of vardingall sleves of
311:. From contemporary references, and the visual cues provided by the engraving, it appears to have consisted of a bolster-like roll either stuffed or held out with reeds which, being fastened around the hips, served the purpose of widening the skirts at the hip area, creating drapes.
134:, and her wanton behaviour was considered scandalous. When she started to use farthingales, court fashion followed suit. As Joan had two illegitimate children by Pedro de Castilla y Fonseca, rumors abounded that she used the farthingale to cover up a pregnancy.
216:, in 1554 contained some items fashioned from disused vestments, including two pieces of blue silk which were "tranposyd to wardyngalis" with a pair of sleeves. Farthingales were bought for children, including Ann Cavendish, the nine year old stepdaughter of
314:
Some modern costumers conjecture that the French farthingale and the "great farthingale" were one and the same garment, the difference in shape and construction being due to changes in fashion from the 1580s to the 1590s.
243:
had a black taffeta "verdugalle" in 1550, and another of violet taffeta, and a set of fashion dolls with 15 farthingales. Whale bone was bought to shape her farthingales in 1562. The contemporary French physician
83:
in the fifteenth century. Farthingales served important social and cultural functions for women in
Renaissance Europe as they expressed, primarily when worn by court women, high social position and wealth.
400:
in 1620. She wrote of her surprise at the large
Spanish style ruffs and Spanish style gowns worn without farthingales by aristocrats and townspeople. She ensured her gentlewomen adapted to the culture.
360:
thought that Anne's farthingale might conceal a pregnancy in
October 1605, writing, "The Queen is generally held to be pregnant, but no appearance eminent by reason of the short vardugals in use".
324:
was often supported by a padded roll underneath, and was distinct in appearance from the other French farthingale roll, as it had a hard edge from which the skirts dramatically fell.
168:
One of the first references to a farthingale in
England comes from the accounts of Princess Elizabeth in 1545 that describe a farthingale made of crimson Bruges satin. The courtier
364:
463:
A surviving single
English farthingale sleeve with its whalebone hoops and an outer silk sleeve was rediscovered in 2022. These items, connected with the Willoughby family of
816:
307:
There are no extant examples of this style of undergarment, and only one illustration, a satirical Dutch engraving of c. 1600, that shows the bum-roll being affixed by a
137:
The earliest images of Spanish farthingales show hoops prominently displayed on the outer surfaces of skirts, although later they merely provided shape to the overskirt.
236:
were bought "verdingalles" in December 1573. Mary, as Countess Rivers, made bequests of clothing in 1641 including a carnation and black taffeta fathingales and rolls.
429:
in 1597, includes a "paier of verthingale slevis of fustian". Jones made many pairs of farthingale sleeves in the 1580s, perhaps for the women of Elizabeth's court.
1356:
416:, with her farthingale and she wondered if all English women had such an unusual shape. This story may have been composed in condemnation of the fashion.
444:), wrote in December 1590 to her husband about a London tailor who was making her "a pair of verdingale sleeves & a French verdingale". A Welsh MP
371:
hoped this would lead to the demise of the fashion. Princess Elizabeth herself was wearing a whalebone farthingale and "bodies" made by John Spence.
2248:
149:
female dancers in fanciful "Egyptian" costumes wore black velvet gowns "with hoops from the waist downwards", which may have been farthingales.
3246:
2078:
911:
404:
A well-known anecdote concerning farthingales dates from the end of this period. It was said that in 1628 Jane, wife of the English ambassador
970:"'Take measure of your wide and flaunting garments': The farthingale, gender and the consumption of space in Elizabethan and Jacobean England"
2033:
1416:'Take Measure of Your Wide and Flaunting Garments': The Farthingale, Gender and the Consumption of Space in Elizabethan and Jacobean England"
1482:
1281:
378:
large English farthingale drew unwelcome attention from a crowd in the streets of Amsterdam. In December 1617 the Venetian ambassador
130:
started to use verdugados with hoops in Spain. Joan had provoked much criticism as she allegedly wore dresses that displayed too much
474:
887:
925:
Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Accounts, MS Egerton 2806, lists the materials used for rolls made by the royal farthingale maker
356:
had her gowns altered in 1603 to suit English fashions, and employed Robert Hughes to make farthingales from 1603 to 1618.
153:
1435:"The Case of the 'French Vardinggale': A Methodological Approach to Reconstructing and Understanding Ephemeral Garments"
448:
asked a Shrewsbury tailor to provide a French bodice with farthingale sleeves for his young daughter or cousin in 1594.
1512:
801:
393:
221:
2026:
1401:
1386:
1368:
441:
229:
173:
152:
Farthingales remained a fixture of conservative Spanish court fashion into the early 17th century (as exemplified by
489:
Elizabeth's pin-maker or "pynner" was Robert Careles. He delivered recycled old farthingale pins and other pins to "
409:
2042:
368:
367:, it was said that women wearing farthingales were not admitted to crowded events to save space. The letter writer
425:
holland cloth bented with whals bone and covered with riben." Another account from Jones, for the queen's dwarf
209:
and her ladies took up so much space that some women of her privy chamber had to sit on the rush-covered floor.
473:. A collection of Elizabethan costume remaining at Wollaton Hall was described in 1702 by the family historian
383:
persisted throughout the rest of the seventeenth century. In Spain, the Spanish farthingales evolved into the
3241:
3236:
3231:
3261:
275:(stiff canvas) is the most commonly mentioned material. Other references describe the rolls being starched.
2019:
862:
445:
213:
584:
1201:
19:
1147:
1282:
Dora Davies-Evitt, 'Experts stunned by 'extremely rare' piece of clothing made by Queen Elizabeth I',
2953:
2238:
1434:
1161:
524:
519:
514:
405:
1233:
Fruitful Endeavours: The 16th-Century Household Secrets of Catherine Tollemache of Helmingham Hall
1217:
1092:
847:
1928:
1296:
741:
643:
142:
3251:
2963:
1505:
452:
279:
1454:'Whalebone and the Wardrobe of Elizabeth I: Whaling and the Making of Aristocratic Fashions',
1412:
3071:
2768:
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1676:
186:
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456:
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cost 4 shillings and 4 pence in October 1604 from Robert Dobson, a London tailor. In 1605,
426:
248:
noted the use of baleen from the mouths of whales for women's "vertugalles" and "busques".
240:
505:
were made by Thomas Ardington. In 1631 his bill included 13,500 "middle vardingale pins".
8:
2283:
1757:
1536:
1261:
Ninya Mikhaila, 'Borne Out with Whalebone: A Late Sixteenth-Century Farthingale Sleeve',
969:
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1379:
Patterns of Fashion: The Cut and Construction of Clothes for Men and Women 1560–1620
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27:. Pedro García de Benabarre, Salome from the St John Retable, Catalonia, 1470–1480.
2253:
1446:
1246:
Shaping Feminity: Foundation Garments, the Body, and Women in Early Modern England
1190:
Shaping Feminity: Foundation Garments, the Body, and Women in Early Modern England
1124:
Shaping Feminity: Foundation Garments, the Body, and Women in Early Modern England
332:
tilting it. Such an effect has been shown in many reconstructions of the garment.
245:
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and remained an identifiable part of Spanish dress until the eighteenth century.
385:
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petticoat and her "vardingale" was made from buckram and covered with red cloth.
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Farthingales for Queen Elizabeth were made by specialist Robert Sibthorpe.
104:; later designs in the temperate climate zone were stiffened with osiers (
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Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society
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asked for her clothes, including a farthingale to be sent to her in the
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Works of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey and of Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder
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290:" making of thre rolles of hollande clothe with wyers bounde with reben
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109:
205:. At a dinner for French diplomats in May 1559, the farthingales of
197:
and became an essential element of Tudor fashion in England. Mary's
141:
is said to have brought the fashion into England on her marriage to
75:
in the desired shape and to enlarge the lower half of the body. The
51:
35:
Tudor gown showing the line of the Spanish farthingale: portrait of
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1029:
Anna of Denmark: Material and Visual Culture of the Stuart Courts
498:
272:
202:
184:
mentioned "trick ferdegews and billements of gold" in his comedy
101:
76:
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Clothing generally not worn today, except in historical settings
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Elizabethan Costuming, including information about farthingales
789:
Foreign Correspondence with Marie of Lorraine: Balcarres Papers
397:
365:
wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Frederick V of the Palatinate
64:
773:
Some account of St. Osyth's priory, Essex, and its inhabitants
31:
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123:("green wood", or the more modern meaning of "executioner").
105:
80:
72:
71:- especially in the 16th and 17th centuries - to support the
1312:
Labors Lost: Women's Work and the Early Modern English Stage
2793:
2331:
2190:
2123:
1490:
256:
French farthingales originated in court circles in France.
55:
Silhouette of the 1590s: Elizabeth I, the Ditchley portrait
2143:
3169:
1540:
1339:
Caroline Hibbard, 'The Queen's Patronage', Erin Griffey,
700:
The Masters of the Revels and Elizabeth I's Court Theatre
583:(New York, 1979), 209: Thomas Astle & Francis Grose,
493:", a young Russian woman brought to Elizabeth's court by
945:, exhibition catalog (Metropolitan Museum of Art), 2001.
818:
Dolls of Mary Queen of Scots: Edinburgh Castle Research
432:
Such sleeves were worn by women outside court circles.
298:
making of a rolle of starched buckeram with whales bone
163:
16:
Structure to support women's skirts in a desired shape
278:
Here are a couple of sample references to rolls from
1363:, The Hispanic Society of America, New York, 1979.
760:
The History and Antiquities of Hengrave, in Suffolk
687:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London
863:"Notes Extraites des Comptes de Jeanne D'Albret",
220:in 1548. In 1550, Margaret Willoughby, sister of
172:owned two red Bruges satin farthingales in 1547.
3223:
835:Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland: 1559-1566
63:is one of several structures used under Western
348:Anne of Denmark and the fashion of farthingales
201:Jane Russell was given a farthingale made from
23:Probably the earliest depiction of the Spanish
1080:Dudley Carleton to John Chamberlain, 1603-1624
2027:
1506:
1192:(London, 2022), pp. 113-4: TNA SP 46/49 f.55.
363:During celebrations in London in 1613 at the
319:French wheel farthingale or great farthingale
269:Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues
650:, 2nd series, vol. 2 (London, 1827), p. 215.
486:silk skirts in place over the farthingale.
2034:
2020:
1513:
1499:
910:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
251:
96:, from which "farthingale" derives, was a
1381:, Macmillan, 1985. Revised edition 1986.
1041:HMC 12th report part I, Earl Cowper, Coke
993:
260:had a farthingale stiffened with rushes,
1396:, W. S. Maney and Son Ltd, Leeds, 1988.
1142:, vol. 1 (London, 1779), p. 575 quoting
1097:, vol. 15 (London, 1909), p. 80 no. 135.
1094:Calendar State Papers, Venice: 1617-1619
634:, vol. 1 (London, 1815), pp. cxvi–cxvii.
467:, were shown on the television program,
282:'s Wardrobe Accounts (MS Egerton 2806):
50:
42:
30:
18:
2041:
967:
704:Calendar State Papers Venice, 1558-1560
3224:
877:
419:
87:
3247:History of clothing (Western fashion)
2015:
1494:
1350:
791:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1925), p. xxvii.
1252:, vol. 19 (London, 1965), pp. 485-6.
1202:'A Shrewsbury Tradesman's Invoice',
942:Extreme Beauty: The Body Transformed
837:, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1916), p. 204.
803:La première jeunesse de Marie Stuart
193:Spanish farthingales were bought by
164:Farthingales in England and Scotland
1394:Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd
1328:Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd
1177:Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd
929:Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Uploaded
880:Queen Elizabeth's wardrobe unlock'd
661:Dramatic Writings of Nicholas Udall
480:
126:The earliest sources indicate that
13:
968:Bendall, Sarah A (November 2019).
745:(London: HMS), 1911), pp. 401, 404
440:in Derbyshire (a granddaughter of
394:Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia
14:
3273:
1463:
1298:HMC Manuscripts of Lord Middleton
1179:(Leeds, 1988), pp. 108, 146, 153.
1111:Elizabeth Stuart: Queen of Hearts
1067:Issues of Exchequer: Pell Records
865:Revue d'Aquitaine et des Pyrénées
743:HMC Manuscripts of Lord Middleton
174:Anne Seymour, Duchess of Somerset
3206:
2142:
1300:(London: HMS), 1911), pp. 572–73
956:Dress at the Court of Henry VIII
940:Illustration, from Harold Koda,
730:Dress at the Court of Henry VIII
719:(Port Washington, 1968), p. 260.
689:, vol. 3 (London, 1864), p. 105.
674:Dress at the Court of Henry VIII
619:Dress at the Court of Henry VIII
603:Dress at the Court of Henry VIII
497:. She had a farthingale made of
212:A chest of costume for drama at
1333:
1317:
1304:
1290:
1275:
1255:
1238:
1225:
1210:
1195:
1182:
1169:
1165:, vol. 14 (London, 1923), p. 47
1155:
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840:
824:
809:
794:
778:
765:
749:
735:
722:
709:
692:
679:
160:of 17th-century Spanish dress.
1330:(Maney, 1988), pp. 107, 218-9.
1031:(Manchester, 2020), pp. 124-9.
666:
653:
637:
624:
608:
592:
573:
560:
547:
108:), rope, or (from about 1580)
1:
2079:Court dress (Empire of Japan)
1447:10.1080/1362704X.2019.1603862
706:(London, 1890), p. 93 no. 77.
408:in Constantinople astonished
1520:
1314:(Philadelphia, 2011), p. 39.
1113:(Oxford, 2021), pp. 140-141.
540:
392:Anne of Denmark's daughter,
156:), before evolving into the
47:French farthingales, c. 1580
7:
1235:(Phillimore, 2012), p. 132.
1082:(Rutgers UP, 1972), p. 237.
1052:Elizabeth McClure Thomson,
849:Les Oeuvres d'Ambroise Paré
717:The school drama in England
581:Hispanic Costume, 1480–1530
568:Hispanic Costume, 1480–1530
555:Hispanic Costume, 1480–1530
508:
10:
3278:
2140:
1361:Hispanic Costume 1480–1530
1221:, 1 (London, 1887), p. 109
1206:(Shrewsbury, 1879), p. 401
297:
289:
100:originally stiffened with
3203:
3115:
3012:
2724:
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2264:
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2056:
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1978:
1937:
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1824:
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1725:
1649:
1594:
1535:
1528:
1151:(London, 1650), pp. 546-7
1126:(London, 2022), pp. 40-2.
1056:(London, 1966), pp. 75-6.
214:King's College, Cambridge
1343:(Ashgate, 2008), p. 129.
1250:HMC 9 Salisbury Hatfield
1248:(London, 2022), p. 104:
820:(Edinburgh, 2018), p. 18
451:Farthingale sleeves for
267:Randle Cotgrave, in his
1929:List of lingerie brands
1483:Encyclopædia Britannica
1069:(London, 1836), p. 152.
1054:The Chamberlain Letters
775:(London, 1871), p. 110.
762:(London, 1822), p. 204.
702:(Oxford, 2016), p. 56:
588:, 2 (London, 1807), 288
579:Ruth Matilda Anderson,
566:Ruth Matilda Anderson,
553:Ruth Matilda Anderson,
252:French farthingale roll
143:Arthur, Prince of Wales
1486:(11th ed.). 1911.
1357:Anderson, Ruth Matilda
1271:10.3366/cost.2024.0284
1216:Alexander B. Grosart,
1163:HMC Salisbury Hatfield
1043:(London, 1888), p. 58.
958:(Maney, 2007), p. 165.
878:Arnold, Janet (1988).
732:(Maney, 2007), p. 162.
698:William Streitberger,
676:(Maney, 2007), p. 162.
663:(London, 1873), p. 40.
621:(Maney, 2007), p. 162.
605:(Maney, 2007), p. 162.
570:(New York, 1979), 208.
557:(New York, 1979), 208.
491:Ippolyta the Tartarian
453:Catherine Fenton Boyle
376:Leonora, Lady Bennet's
56:
48:
40:
28:
3072:Manchu platform shoes
1265:, 58.1 (2024), 2–20.
1149:Anthropometamorphosis
851:(Paris, 1628) p. 1056
805:(Paris, 1891), p. 289
586:Antiquarian Reportary
190:written around 1552.
187:Ralph Roister Doister
54:
46:
34:
22:
3242:17th-century fashion
3237:16th-century fashion
3232:15th-century fashion
2984:Stephane (headdress)
1458:, 11 (February 2022)
525:1600–1650 in fashion
520:1550–1600 in fashion
515:1500–1550 in fashion
475:Cassandra Willoughby
457:Catherine Tollemache
241:Mary, Queen of Scots
239:The French educated
3213:Clothing portal
2043:Historical clothing
1477:"Farthingale"
1420:Renaissance Studies
974:Renaissance Studies
867:, 11 (1867), p. 130
800:Alphonse de Ruble,
715:T. H. Vail Motter,
420:Farthingale sleeves
224:, was bought a red
154:Margaret of Austria
139:Catherine of Aragon
88:Spanish farthingale
2001:UK Lingerie Awards
1986:Corset controversy
1748:Foundation garment
1428:10.1111/rest.12537
1351:General references
1140:Desiderata Curiosa
986:10.1111/rest.12537
927:, see new website
831:James Balfour Paul
222:Francis Willoughby
57:
49:
41:
29:
3219:
3218:
3057:Episcopal sandals
2322:Close-bodied gown
2224:Sompot Chong Kben
2009:
2008:
1645:
1644:
1286:, 31 October 2022
1065:Frederick Devon,
889:978-1-909662-53-7
501:fabric. Pins for
495:Anthony Jenkinson
470:Antiques Roadshow
280:Queen Elizabeth I
195:Mary I of England
170:Elizabeth Holland
3269:
3262:Women's clothing
3211:
3210:
3102:Tiger-head shoes
2372:Zaju chuishao fu
2257:
2146:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2013:
2012:
1692:Period underwear
1533:
1532:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1452:Bendall, Sarah,
1433:Bendall, Sarah,
1415:
1411:Bendall, Sarah,
1344:
1337:
1331:
1321:
1315:
1308:
1302:
1294:
1288:
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1199:
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1120:
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1032:
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931:
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916:
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909:
901:
875:
869:
859:
853:
844:
838:
828:
822:
815:Michael Pearce,
813:
807:
798:
792:
782:
776:
769:
763:
753:
747:
739:
733:
726:
720:
713:
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690:
683:
677:
670:
664:
657:
651:
648:Original Letters
641:
635:
628:
622:
612:
606:
596:
590:
577:
571:
564:
558:
551:
481:Farthingale pins
369:John Chamberlain
300:
299:
292:
291:
218:Bess of Hardwick
147:Greenwich Palace
128:Joan of Portugal
3277:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3205:
3199:
3180:Perfumed gloves
3111:
3008:
2720:
2583:
2482:Mackinaw jacket
2376:
2303:
2260:
2251:
2200:
2147:
2138:
2052:
2045:
2040:
2010:
2005:
1974:
1933:
1917:
1896:
1820:
1772:
1721:
1667:French knickers
1641:
1590:
1524:
1519:
1474:
1466:
1441:, 23:3 (2019).
1413:
1392:Arnold, Janet:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1341:Henrietta Maria
1338:
1334:
1322:
1318:
1310:Natasha Korda,
1309:
1305:
1295:
1291:
1280:
1276:
1260:
1256:
1244:Sarah Bendall,
1243:
1239:
1231:Moira Coleman,
1230:
1226:
1215:
1211:
1200:
1196:
1188:Sarah Bendall,
1187:
1183:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1156:
1134:
1130:
1122:Sarah Bendall,
1121:
1117:
1107:Nadine Akkerman
1105:
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1090:
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1073:
1064:
1060:
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1039:
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1019:
966:
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954:Maria Hayward,
953:
949:
938:
934:
923:
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903:
902:
890:
876:
872:
860:
856:
846:Ambroise Paré,
845:
841:
829:
825:
814:
810:
799:
795:
785:Marguerite Wood
783:
779:
770:
766:
754:
750:
740:
736:
728:Maria Hayward,
727:
723:
714:
710:
697:
693:
684:
680:
672:Maria Hayward,
671:
667:
658:
654:
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638:
629:
625:
613:
609:
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578:
574:
565:
561:
552:
548:
543:
511:
503:Henrietta Maria
483:
446:William Maurice
434:Anne Williamson
422:
380:Piero Contarini
354:Anne of Denmark
350:
321:
258:Jeanne d'Albret
254:
178:Tower of London
166:
116:comes from the
90:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3275:
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3264:
3259:
3254:
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3217:
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3204:
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3198:
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3192:
3187:
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3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3140:Cravat (early)
3137:
3132:
3127:
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3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
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3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
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3054:
3049:
3044:
3042:Chinese styles
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3016:
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3009:
3007:
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2896:
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2874:Matron's badge
2871:
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2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2676:Liberty bodice
2673:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2624:
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2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2492:Norfolk jacket
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2467:Inverness cape
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2405:Cardinal cloak
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2357:Sack-back gown
2354:
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2239:Knickerbockers
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2047:
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2039:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2016:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1996:Lingerie party
1993:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1970:True & Co.
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1932:
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1867:Liberty bodice
1864:
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1596:
1595:Other garments
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1472:
1465:
1464:External links
1462:
1461:
1460:
1450:
1439:Fashion Theory
1431:
1409:
1390:
1372:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1332:
1316:
1303:
1289:
1274:
1254:
1237:
1224:
1219:Lismore Papers
1209:
1194:
1181:
1175:Janet Arnold,
1168:
1154:
1128:
1115:
1099:
1084:
1071:
1058:
1045:
1033:
1017:
980:(5): 712–737.
960:
947:
932:
917:
888:
870:
861:Paul Raymond,
854:
839:
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808:
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358:Robert Naunton
349:
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320:
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304:
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294:
253:
250:
182:Nicholas Udall
165:
162:
106:willow withies
89:
86:
79:originated in
37:Catherine Parr
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3274:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
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3252:Undergarments
3250:
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2904:Motoring hood
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2640:
2637:
2633:
2632:Waist cincher
2630:
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2425:Kinsale cloak
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2244:Pedal pushers
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2181:Peascod belly
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1913:Lingerie tape
1911:
1909:
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1892:Waist cincher
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1375:Arnold, Janet
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1103:
1096:
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1091:Allen Hinds,
1088:
1081:
1078:Maurice Lee,
1075:
1068:
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771:John Watney,
768:
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701:
695:
688:
685:E. Estcourt,
682:
675:
669:
662:
659:John Farmer,
656:
649:
645:
640:
633:
630:George Nott,
627:
620:
616:
615:Maria Hayward
611:
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442:Lord Mordaunt
439:
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430:
428:
417:
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411:
407:
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386:guardainfante
381:
377:
374:In June 1617
372:
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246:Ambroise Paré
242:
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196:
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53:
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38:
33:
26:
21:
2734:Anthony Eden
2686:Open drawers
2658:
2537:Galway shawl
2352:Robe de cour
1856:
1786:Bodystocking
1576:Training bra
1548:
1481:
1456:Apparence(s)
1455:
1438:
1419:
1393:
1378:
1360:
1340:
1335:
1327:
1324:Janet Arnold
1319:
1311:
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1136:Francis Peck
1131:
1123:
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1087:
1079:
1074:
1066:
1061:
1053:
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1028:
1020:
995:11343/285126
977:
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941:
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309:tiring-woman
306:
277:
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255:
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211:
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185:
167:
157:
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136:
125:
120:
113:
93:
92:The Spanish
91:
60:
58:
24:
3190:Shoe buckle
3117:Accessories
3067:Lotus shoes
2844:Jeongjagwan
2819:French hood
2769:Blessed hat
2691:Pantalettes
2659:Farthingale
2569:Ulster coat
2549:Smock-frock
2462:Houppelande
2252: [
2057:Body-length
1991:Bralessness
1901:Accessories
1877:Pantalettes
1857:Farthingale
1837:Boudoir cap
1682:Girl boxers
1650:Lower torso
1566:Nursing bra
1529:Upper torso
1406:2020 e-book
1144:John Bulwer
1025:Jemma Field
644:Henry Ellis
410:Ayşe Sultan
406:Peter Wyche
344:continued.
234:Mary Kitson
207:Elizabeth I
132:décolletage
112:. The name
61:farthingale
3226:Categories
3160:Lavallière
3077:Pampooties
2834:Gable hood
2711:Union suit
2706:Pettipants
2649:Hoop skirt
2579:Witzchoura
2249:Saragüells
2186:Poet shirt
2104:Justacorps
2094:Frock coat
1950:Cosmo Lady
1887:Pettipants
1862:Hoop skirt
1825:Historical
1801:Knee highs
1753:Nightshirt
1726:Full torso
1632:Torsolette
1571:Sports bra
882:. Leeds .
530:Hoop skirt
412:, wife of
342:crinolines
226:broadcloth
98:hoop skirt
3135:Cointoise
3130:Belt hook
3125:Ascot tie
3107:Turnshoes
3092:Poulaines
3052:Duckbills
3037:Carbatina
2999:Welsh Wig
2949:Printer's
2909:Mounteere
2899:Mooskappe
2859:Kokoshnik
2744:Arakhchin
2696:Petticoat
2681:Loincloth
2654:Crinoline
2589:Underwear
2527:Shadbelly
2497:Overfrock
2452:Greatcoat
2382:Outerwear
2347:Polonaise
2327:Debutante
2284:Safeguard
2074:Brunswick
1965:Journelle
1955:Figleaves
1882:Petticoat
1852:Crinoline
1806:Pantyhose
1702:Tap pants
1662:Boyshorts
1627:Nightgown
1012:165540329
1004:0269-1213
906:cite book
756:John Gage
541:Citations
535:Crinoline
396:, was in
199:chamberer
180:in 1551.
114:verdugado
110:whalebone
94:verdugado
25:verdugado
3087:Pigaches
3047:Chopines
3014:Footwear
2939:Phrygian
2919:Nightcap
2894:Monmouth
2824:Fontange
2804:Cornette
2799:Coonskin
2789:Cavalier
2779:Capotain
2726:Headwear
2701:Peignoir
2622:Corselet
2617:Codpiece
2607:Chausses
2457:Himation
2395:Car coat
2367:Tea gown
2229:Culottes
2219:Breeches
2206:Trousers
2196:Suea pat
2134:Xout lao
1811:Stocking
1796:Hold-ups
1758:Playsuit
1743:Corselet
1717:Bloomers
1711:G-string
1672:Fundoshi
1622:Negligee
1612:Camisole
1602:Babydoll
1586:Male bra
1561:Bralette
1522:Lingerie
898:21912234
509:See also
414:Murad IV
338:panniers
230:Margaret
69:clothing
67:women's
65:European
3175:Partlet
3145:Hairpin
3082:Pattens
3062:Hessian
3032:Caligae
3022:Buskins
2994:Taranga
2979:Smoking
2969:Salakot
2959:Qeleshe
2954:Pudding
2934:Petasos
2929:Pahlavi
2924:Ochipok
2879:Miner's
2869:Malahai
2864:Llawt'u
2784:Caubeen
2764:Bergère
2754:Aviator
2749:Attifet
2664:Pannier
2612:Chemise
2564:Surtout
2559:Surcoat
2554:Spencer
2517:Pelisse
2512:Pallium
2502:Pañuelo
2437:Doublet
2415:Chlamys
2410:Chamail
2309:Dresses
2214:Braccae
2176:Doublet
2166:Bedgown
2109:Paenula
1979:Related
1960:HerRoom
1908:Falsies
1872:Pannier
1847:Chemise
1778:Hosiery
1687:Panties
1607:Bustier
1556:Bandeau
1550:History
1263:Costume
499:mockado
427:Tomasen
273:Buckram
203:fustian
121:verdugo
118:Spanish
77:fashion
39:, 1545.
3257:Skirts
3195:Visard
3150:Hatpin
3027:Calcei
3004:Wimple
2989:Tainia
2944:Pileus
2889:Modius
2854:Kausia
2849:Jewish
2839:Hennin
2814:Fillet
2774:Bonnet
2759:Ba tầm
2644:Garter
2639:Dickey
2627:Corset
2602:Bustle
2597:Basque
2574:Visite
2522:Poncho
2487:Nadiri
2477:Kandys
2472:Jerkin
2447:Exomis
2442:Duster
2432:Dolman
2400:Caraco
2390:Capote
2362:Sailor
2342:Mantua
2337:Kirtle
2317:Bliaut
2289:Sompot
2279:Poodle
2274:Hobble
2266:Skirts
2171:Bodice
2161:Basque
2114:Peplos
2084:Chiton
2069:Banyan
2064:Abolla
1938:Retail
1922:Brands
1842:Bustle
1832:Basque
1816:Tights
1791:Garter
1738:Corset
1733:Bodice
1677:Girdle
1657:Bikini
1400:
1385:
1367:
1284:Tatler
1010:
1002:
896:
886:
398:Prague
340:) and
301:(1586)
293:(1585)
73:skirts
3155:Jabot
3097:Socci
2974:Snood
2914:Nemes
2829:Futou
2809:Dunce
2542:Kullu
2532:Shawl
2507:Palla
2420:Cloak
2299:Train
2256:]
2234:Harem
2129:Tunic
2119:Stola
2099:Hanfu
2089:Frock
1768:Teddy
1707:Thong
1697:Tanga
1617:Dudou
1537:Types
1008:S2CID
438:Wilne
81:Spain
3185:Ruff
3165:Muff
2964:Qing
2794:Coif
2739:Apex
2671:Hose
2332:Gown
2294:Sinh
2191:Sbai
2153:Tops
2124:Toga
1763:Slip
1541:bras
1398:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1365:ISBN
1000:ISSN
912:link
894:OCLC
884:ISBN
262:jonc
232:and
3170:Oes
2884:Mob
2716:Yếm
1637:Yếm
1539:of
1443:doi
1424:doi
1267:doi
990:hdl
982:doi
436:of
3228::
2254:ca
1480:.
1437:,
1418:,
1404:.
1377::
1359::
1326:,
1146:,
1138:,
1109:,
1027:,
1006:.
998:.
988:.
978:33
976:.
972:.
908:}}
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1445::
1430:.
1426::
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1408:.
1389:.
1371:.
1269::
1014:.
992::
984::
914:)
900:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
