1164:
845:
49:
268:
962:
373:
1005:
4188:
557:
981:, stated that "twelve weeks since the start of conflict in , meaningful humanitarian operations still not begun", with aid organisations unable to access much of the region, especially away from Mekelle and major roads, and with administrative delays and unpredictability in obtaining authorisations for access. Egeland stated that he had "rarely seen a humanitarian response so impeded and unable to deliver in response for so long, to so many with such pressing needs." By 15 April 2021, humanitarian aid distribution continued to be blocked on several of the main roads by the
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1112:(ICHREE) "found reasonable grounds to believe that the Federal Government was using starvation as a method of warfare" in the Tigray Region. They also stated that the Ethiopian government, along with forces allied with them, engaged in deliberate efforts to deny Tigray "access to basic services and humanitarian assistance," leaving 90% of Tigrayan residents in dire conditions. It called on both the federal government and the TPLF to let these services resume without hindrance.
2457:"I do believe that the TPLF has been very opportunistic," he added. Representatives for the TPLF and Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's office did not immediately respond to requests for comment. "Any interference or theft of humanitarian aid is unacceptable and prevents critical assistance from reaching people in need. Unfortunately, since the beginning of the conflict in northern Ethiopia, we've seen instances of looting from all parties," a USAID spokesperson said.
4724:
4142:
4155:
1119:, in a summary of its 18-month study mostly based on public reports, stated that the Ethiopian federal government and its allies had extensively looted and attacked and blocked supplies of food, water, healthcare, electricity, cash, fuel, and humanitarian relief in Tigray during the war. The Lowenstein report stated that the government and its allies had, by these actions, used starvation as a method of combat, in violation of
260:
327:(IPC) criteria as "Emergency (Phase 4)" in the central areas and as "Crisis (Phase 3)" in the rest of Tigray Region apart from Western Tigray. FEWS NET saw the armed conflict and access constraints, low levels of economic activity and income-earning, and "significant disruption to market activity" as being key factors for phase 4 level acute food security to continue in central and eastern Tigray through to May 2021.
4733:
926:
522:
1105:, Teklehaymanot G. Weldemichel argued that "famine was from the start an end goal of the Ethiopian and Eritrean" governments. Teklehaymanot listed key tactics that he saw as inducing a famine to include the systematic looting and destruction of infrastructure; banking measures that blocked access to cash; and a siege obstructing humanitarian aid.
953:, agreed with World Food Programme representatives to "scale up" food distribution in Tigray Region, authorising 25 international staff for access, while another 49 awaited approval. On 12 February, a total of 53 international staff of United Nations agencies and NGOs had received approval to enter Tigray Region.
2016:
887:, south of Ethiopia's capital Addis Ababa, between September and October 2021. The UAE took support of two private shipping companies, including one Spanish and one Ethiopian firm, to carry out this extensive operation. The satellite images also showed a Chinese-made Wing Loong drone at the Ethiopian airport.
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with violence if they did not comply; these actions caused the looted areas to face "extreme starvation" by June 2021. Multiple witnesses, from separate villages, gave similar descriptions of Amhara militias and security forces "waiting for farmers to collect or harvest before stealing ." A witness to the
193:, and an estimated 150,000–200,000 had died of starvation by March 2022. In the Tigray Region alone, 89% of people are in need of food aid, with those facing severe hunger reaching up to 47%. In a report published in June 2021, over 350,000 people were already experiencing catastrophic famine conditions (
997:
harvest food, and denied them access to international aid. Ethiopian troops had reportedly withheld food from going to
Tigrayan civilians who were suspected of having links to Tigrayan fighters. A student based in Europe, and in contact with her family in Tigray Region, said in February 2021 that in the
857:
stated that the EDF "burned crops forced farmers and priests to slaughter their own animals stole medicine from health facilities and destroyed the infrastructure." Reports of
Eritrean looting continued into late 2022, with allegations that the EDF was seizing food and other materials from Tigrayan
852:
Anti-Tigrayan forces engaged in what HRW and
Amnesty described as "pillag", with "schools, courts, churches, and health centers", in addition to civilian houses, being subject to looting. Amhara and Eritrean forces also took harvests, livestock and medicine from Tigrayan farmers, who were threatened
1032:
In March 2023, the U.N and
American authorities paused food aid to 1/6th of Ethiopia's population over massive thefts of the aid supplied to the country. This ban was extended in June 2023, after showing no improvements. At least 700 starvation-related deaths were recorded in the ban period between
797:
On 31 August 2021, USAID's mission director in
Ethiopia, Sean Jones said: "We do have proof that several of our warehouses have been looted and completely emptied in the areas, particularly in Amhara, where TPLF soldiers have gone into, I do believe that the TPLF has been very opportunistic," in a
250:
representatives to allow increased food distribution in Tigray Region. While the situation improved after the March 2022 truce and allowed for humanitarian distribution of food, the lack of rain in the spring of 2022 compounded the already existing food insecurity. The resurgence of fighting after
1012:
On 30 September 2021, following a UN statement about the federal
Ethiopian blockade against deliveries of food aid to Tigray, the federal government expelled seven senior United Nations (UN) officials. The federal Ethiopian authorities accused the UN officials of "meddling" in Ethiopian "internal
1096:, who led OCHA during part of the Tigray War, stated that the Ethiopian federal government was deliberately starving Tigray, "running a sophisticated campaign to stop aid getting in" and that there was "not just an attempt to starve six million people but an attempt to cover up what's going on."
996:
did little to help the local
Tigrayan population, and in a number of cases, actively participated in marginalizing and discriminating against them. A 2022 HRW–Amnesty report described them as "complicit in the theft of Tigrayan property". The authorities placed restrictions on their ability to
394:
In April 2024, the FEWS NET stated that
Emergency (IPC Phase 4) and Crisis! (IPC Phase 3!) outcomes that were occurring were expected to persist into September, at the time of the next harvest. High levels of food aid sharing resulted in lower food portions per household despite humanitarians
840:, and Eritrean military forces — when they were present — carried out the bulk of the looting, but groups in civilian clothes, some armed, others not, later joined them. Two interviewees said they saw security force members loot homes and businesses, selectively targeting Tigrayan property.
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as appropriate criminal laws in relation to starvation in the Tigray War. Section 4 of the report listed evidence. The authors concluded that the
Ethiopian and Eritrean governments were responsible for starvation, and that "circumstantial evidence suggest that intentional, systematic and
533:
rate of 26% in 2021 and 30% in 2022, something that was largely driven by a rise in food prices; in
February 2023, the overall inflation rate reached 32%, and Ethiopia continued to experience high inflation by September 2023, with commonly purchased food items becoming more expensive.
933:
On 25 January 2021, Abraha Desta stated that many people were displaced after having their property looted and that food was available, but there was a distribution problem, since drivers were afraid. He stated that foreign aid organisations were unable to leave the capital
434:
On 16 November 2021, Dr Hagos Godefay, the former head of the health bureau in the pre-conflict Tigrayan government, announced that research had confirmed that at least 186 children under the age of 5 had died in Tigray due to starvation between late June and October 2021.
3288:
International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia finds reasonable grounds to believe that the federal government has committed crimes against humanity in Tigray region and that Tigrayan forces have committed serious human rights abuses, some amounting to war
2008:
1968:
1084:, "Intentionally using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare by depriving them of objects indispensable to their survival, including wilfully impeding relief supplies as provided for under the Geneva Conventions" and Articles 270(i) and 273 of the
768:. By October 2020, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia and Yemen continued to harbour significant swarms of locusts, with the remainder situated in isolated pockets of Kenya, Sudan and Saudi Arabia. Locust swarms continued to threaten countries around the southern
942:
described the access blocks as including the initial federal government authorisation, authorisations from neighbouring regional governments, and blocks by local armed forces "citing security" or fears about food being provided to the TPLF.
2486:
Rebels in Ethiopia's war-torn Tigray region have reportedly been looting aid warehouses. The pillaging compounds a deepening humanitarian crisis in the Horn of Africa nation which sees over five million people in urgent need of basic food
2009:"Professor Jan Nyssen of Ghent University continues to assemble a devastating indictment against those responsible for the carnage, destitution and suffering in Tigray. UK Gov. pressed again this week to avert this unfolding catastrophe"
1958:
1029:, while international aid had technically been allowed into the region during the 2022 ceasefire, in practice, very little aid was reaching the people that needed it most, largely due to fuel not being made available in this area.
1814:
916:
and Ethiopia. The UAE was accused of flying drones. The Emirates had also pledged billions in aid. The help from such autocratic powers escalated the war in Tigray, causing humanitarian crisis for tens of millions of Ethiopians.
387:
discussed the issue and told that more than 400,000 people were being affected by food insecurity and that 33,000 children were severely malnourished. The report also stated that 1.8 million people were on the brink of famine.
1024:
By the summer of 2022, the government blockade of essential services to Tigray was still in place, and the humanitarian situation remained severe, with roughly 13 million people being in need of food aid. According to the
1261:(IPC) of acute food security, in which the severest classifications are "crisis (phase 3)", "emergency (phase 4)" and "famine (phase 5)". De Waal said that 380,000 people had died of "hunger and violence" during the
395:
increasing their range of aid, and many households had to resort to sending children to beg, selling all their livestock in already poor condition, and migrating to adjacent nations as well as Saudi Arabia.
3634:
1068:
claimed that it was "likely that the authorities deliberately holding back food in an effort to starve the rebels out." The burning of crops and abandonment of fields prior to harvest time were listed by
238:"reach camps in Tigrayan towns 'emaciated'" and that "their skin really on their bones." He estimated that "eighty percent" of Tigray was unreachable by humanitarian assistance. In early February 2021,
874:
opened an air bridge to provide extensive military support to the Ethiopian government, which has killed tens of thousands of civilians and displaced millions. More than 90 flights were operated between
3392:
3038:
2697:
2548:
3798:
2045:
1804:
369:, stated that "eighty percent" of Tigray was unreachable for humanitarian assistance. He predicted that the number of deaths by starvation could mount to "tens of thousands" within two months.
3377:
3305:
3205:
1055:
was a violation of international criminal law that "prohibits a belligerent from removing, destroying or rendering useless objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population" (
2813:
3415:
2716:"Agreement for Lasting Peace through a Permanent Cessation of Hostilities between the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Tigray People's Liberation Front"
1847:
1163:
3661:
2845:
448:
294:, capital of Tigray Region, a regional administrator, Berhane Gebretsadik, estimated that "hundreds of thousands" were at risk of starvation if food aid wasn't increased, and that in
2510:
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1761:
1525:
1403:
2635:
1915:
1480:
502:
3293:
2534:
1959:"Breaking: Report received by the UN 'just this morning' reveals 150 people died of hunger in Tigray; Eritrean forces, Amhara region authorities restricting humanitarian access"
817:
had "carried out widespread and organized pillaging, looting and destruction of government administration facilities, public service facilities" in the Afar and Amhara regions.
618:. The rainy season of 2022 was recorded to be the driest in over 40 years, with an estimated 43,000 in Somalia dying in 2022. As of 2023, the region is now in its 5th failed
4270:
938:
due to security concerns for convoys. He described the situation as "'unprecedented in its history', and that 4.5 million people were in need of emergency food assistance".
3134:
4707:
1109:
3004:
760:
Locust swarms worldwide faced a steady decline in size from May to October 2020, as countries and intergovernmental organisations instituted extensive aerial and ground
357:
Displaced civilians who have managed to reach camps in Tigrayan towns are 'emaciated'. You see their skin is really on their bones. You don't see any food in their body.
3624:
3062:
2879:
1695:
1085:
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2925:
687:; in spring 2019, swarms spread from these areas, and by June 2019, the locusts spread north to Iran, Pakistan, and India and south to East Africa, particularly the
1576:
1237:. Russia had previously launched missile strikes on Odesa on 2 May and 23 July 2022, damaging infrastructure needed for either the production or shipment of grain.
316:(FEWS NET) as Tigray being "probably one step from famine" and quoted a "Western diplomat" estimating, "We could have a million dead there in a couple of months".
1056:
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began to hamper efforts to control the locusts, preventing the transport of pesticides, equipment, and personnel, and contributing to the global incidence of
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1882:
786:
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3195:
2803:
3423:
2549:"Afar and Amhara Regions: Report on Violations of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law in Afar and Amhara Regions of Ethiopia Published"
427:, Berhe Desta Gebremariam, had reported 125 deaths by starvation, describing people as "falling like leaves", as well 315 other deaths, 558 people
3157:"Starving Tigray – How armed conflict and mass atrocities have destroyed an Ethiopian Region's economy and food system and are threatening famine"
2835:
1990:
1312:
1511:
2067:
1937:
1230:
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Federal and allied forces looted Tigrayan homes, businesses, livestock, and crops as they took over towns and villages. Amhara Special Forces,
1470:
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said that four internally displaced people in Tigray Region were known to have died of hunger that week, and 150 people had died of hunger in
3593:
3264:
2698:"News: Tigrayan officials say peace agreement aims to "rescue people of Tigray", accuse Eritrean forces of continued atrocities on civilians"
1877:
1837:
1424:
1258:
1042:
420:
324:
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the ceasefire collapsed in August 2022 exacerbated the situation even more; by October, between 400 and 900 a day were dying of starvation.
194:
3676:
3510:
2753:
2121:
1631:
2500:
2469:
346:
3076:
1805:"News: Tigray region interim admin official admits death of 13 due to lack of food; says crisis scale 'unprecedented' in region's history"
1747:
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2965:
2175:
1393:
1351:
130:
2622:
1905:
1441:
4042:
3939:
3528:
755:
3687:
3124:
2524:
4293:
4116:
599:
549:
416:, which had 40,500 residents in the 2007 census. The mortality rate for a phase 5 famine is 2 deaths per 10,000 inhabitants per day.
2778:
2103:
3927:
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17:
1685:
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2216:
2135:
1021:"and whoever controls territory and people", overriding the political control of the federal Ethiopian authorities if necessary.
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2915:
1017:
called for UN organisations to negotiate the shipping of food aid into Tigray Region directly with the Tigrayan government, the
4820:
4805:
4166:
3911:
2994:
1566:
1471:"After two months of war, Tigray faces starvation – Ethiopia's government appears to be blocking food deliveries to the region"
1198:
Ukraine continued to send food aid to Ethiopia even after being invaded; this included a 50,000 tonne shipment of grain to the
1547:
4815:
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4790:
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3970:
3100:
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2889:
2661:
2630:
1842:
1625:
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2149:
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2715:
1658:
466:, including Ethiopia. The statement announced that 'one person is likely dying from hunger every 48 seconds in the region.
313:
134:
2201:
764:
efforts, aided by low quantities of rainfall in several affected regions, as well as the absence of storm activity in the
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4702:
4574:
4513:
4192:
4111:
4012:
3944:
3437:
859:
747:
227:
2120:
Matthias Williams and Jason Neely. (31 May 2022). "Drought threatens starvation in Horn of Africa, U.N., agencies say".
1330:
391:
By September 2022, UNICEF reported that around 29.7 million people in Ethiopia were in need of humanitarian assistance.
4800:
4765:
3799:"The impact of migration on food security in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: The role of migration patterns and remittances"
1279:
799:
4606:
4400:
4381:
4288:
4239:
3699:
3492:
2322:
2265:
1234:
810:
428:
366:
287:
3688:"'We will erase you from this land': Crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing in Ethiopia's Western Tigray Zone"
3588:
4656:
4234:
3965:
1663:
1609:
1274:
633:
339:
213:
142:
1872:
1418:"5.5 Million People in Tigray and Neighbouring Zones of Afar and Amhara Face High Levels of Acute Food Insecurity"
4073:
3923:
3456:
384:
3320:"International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia United Nations Human Rights Council -51st Session"
1775:
844:
230:(TPLF); a claim disputed by the Ethiopian government in late January. On 10 February 2021, Abera Tola, head of
4584:
4309:
1120:
1001:
where her family lives, "If you don't bring your father, your brothers, you don't get the aid, you'll starve."
776:, as well as their immediate neighbours, until February 2022 when the surge was officially declared to be over.
2290:
1225:, a shipment of 40,000 tonnes in grain was originally scheduled to leave a Ukrainian port bound for Ethiopia.
1183:
imports (66% being imported from the former and 15% from the latter); in June 2022, roughly 42% of Ethiopia's
48:
4760:
4047:
3990:
3980:
3901:
3156:
2085:
1158:
510:
408:
Abraha stated on 25 January 2021 that reports had been received of 10 people who had died from starvation in
267:
961:
4755:
4477:
4391:
4360:
4319:
3934:
1690:
950:
331:
243:
4736:
4649:
4314:
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1257:
should not be used to "quibble" over the formal classification of the type of starvation in terms of the
1188:
1144:
350:
271:
231:
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for the cost of shipping. On 17 November 2022, Ukraine sent another 27,000 tonnes of wheat to Ethiopia.
4697:
4589:
4004:
3906:
1222:
1154:
1150:
372:
301:
A federal official claimed that there was "no starvation in Ethiopia" on 19 January 2021, according to
2387:
1004:
3722:
1394:"Nearly half the people in Ethiopia's Tigray in 'severe' need of food aid, World Food Programme says"
978:
491:
173:
in November 2020, acute food shortages leading to death and starvation became widespread in northern
4611:
3889:
3852:
3723:"Crop Cultivation at Wartime – Plight and Resilience of Tigray's Agrarian Society (North Ethiopia)"
1262:
506:
202:
3229:
4666:
4553:
4452:
4249:
3797:
Weldemariam, Lemlem Fitwi; Sakdapolrak, Patrick; Erdkunde, Ayansina Ayanlade (27 November 2022).
3764:
3721:
Nyssen, Jan; Negash, Emnet; Van Schaeybroeck, Bert; Haegeman, Kiara; Annys, Sofie (4 July 2023).
3101:"US says it's horrified by conditions in Ethiopia after theft leads to food aid pause and deaths"
1600:
1376:"Over 5 million people face extreme hunger as the Tigray conflict surges past six months – Oxfam"
1128:
1048:
982:
1654:"Continued conflict in Tigray coupled with low economic activity drives Emergency (IPC Phase 4)"
4503:
4467:
4420:
4146:
4106:
4052:
3985:
3393:"Commentary: The cascading economic effects in Ethiopia of the prolonged Russia-Ukraine crisis"
3164:
1229:
suspended its participation from the deal a day before the ship's intended departure, citing a
1077:
223:
3565:"Ukraine, UN denounce Russian missile strike on Odesa following deal to unblock grain exports"
2315:
2258:
1191:
in February 2022 exacerbated the already existing food crisis in the country, as it disrupted
1013:
affairs". The officials were given 72 hours to leave Ethiopia. On 4 November 2021, researcher
4472:
4244:
4022:
3918:
1313:"Tigray war has seen up to half a million dead from violence and starvation, say researchers"
1018:
829:
814:
556:
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3026:
3705:
2529:
2525:"Statement by Executive Director of WFP on seizure of humanitarian fuel supplies in Tigray"
1521:
1026:
993:
909:
871:
803:
247:
3547:"Russian attacks on Ukraine grain network a move to cut competition, German minister says"
3235:
1991:"Horn of Africa crisis – Irish charities come together to sound the alarm as famine looms"
1776:"Despite resource constraints, humanitarian aid mitigates consumption deficits | FEWS NET"
1101:
525:
Woman tries to sell tomatoes and onions on an almost empty market in Hawzen on 6 June 2021
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estimated that from 425 to 1201 people were dying of starvation per day in Tigray Region.
419:
In June 2021, a Tigray regional health official stated that the district administrator of
8:
4727:
4430:
4083:
3845:
3662:"'All of Us Are in Constant Hunger' – Ethiopia's Responsibility for Starvation in Tigray"
2412:
1284:
806:
accused the TPLF of stealing 570,000 liters of fuel meant to transport humanitarian aid.
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235:
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
53:
May 2021 map of people in need of humanitarian assistance that received food aid in the
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described Tigrayans being targeted with impunity, both by military and civilian groups:
825:
31:
3625:"Viewpoint: From Ethiopia's Tigray region to Yemen, the dilemma of declaring a famine"
3196:"Ethiopia's 'sophisticated campaign' to withhold food, fuel and other aid from Tigray"
1265:, among which only 1% had died in areas classified as being under "famine (phase 5)".
1036:
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4435:
4425:
4027:
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Lowenstein Clinic finds Ethiopia and allies responsible for mass starvation in Tigray
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2035:
1621:
1289:
966:
684:
649:
2836:"Statement from Secretary General of NRC Jan Egeland: Aid still not reaching Tigray"
2442:"U.S. agency says Tigrayan forces looted aid warehouses in Ethiopia's Amhara region"
412:
woreda, which in the 2007 census had 84,236 inhabitants; and 3 starvation deaths in
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680:
479:
212:, which caused mass displacement and loss of harvests, in addition to then-ongoing
161:
118:
3765:"Inventing hell: how the Ethiopian and Eritrean regimes produced famine in Tigray"
3738:
3511:"News: Ukraine Ministry says ship with 27,000 tonnes of wheat leaves for Ethiopia"
3444:. International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies. 20 March 2022.
3230:"Inventing hell: how the Ethiopian and Eritrean regimes produced famine in Tigray"
1187:
was imported from these two countries (15% from Russia and 27% from Ukraine). The
1123:, and further called for investigations to determine if these actions constituted
4543:
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4498:
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4032:
3672:
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2947:
2804:"Ethiopia – Tigray Region Humanitarian Update Situation Report, 12 February 2021"
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335:
190:
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189:
in particular. As of August 2022, there are 13 million people facing acute
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2680:"Looting, forced removals plague Ethiopia's Tigray despite truce - witnesses"
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1254:
1211:
1064:
1052:
998:
986:
913:
892:
854:
641:
462:, released a statement on the famine situation affecting the entirety of the
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80:
76:
54:
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3301:
1686:"The Hidden Truth of Ethiopia's plan 'to Close Two Refugee Camps in Tigray'"
4528:
3620:
3120:
2990:
2040:
2036:"What happens with the limited volumes of food aid that are sent to Tigray"
1250:
1192:
1093:
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820:
773:
765:
761:
708:
619:
444:
379:
employee examines a woman in Tigray for symptoms of malnutrition, July 2021
362:
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In early February 2021, the FEWS NET classified the level of starvation in
4218:
1938:"Scores of children killed by starvation in Tigray, says health official"
974:
912:
were all selling weapons to Ethiopia, while relations soured between the
645:
198:
182:
84:
2168:
1653:
3868:
3028:"Tigray: almost one in three children under five malnourished, UN says"
2337:"Nuvem de gafanhotos na Argentina deixa fronteira com Brasil em alerta"
2031:
475:
424:
209:
170:
1748:"UNICEF Ethiopia Humanitarian Situation Report No. 9 - September 2022"
735:. By June 2020, a separate swarm appeared in South America, affecting
342:, they were so hungry that they were "forced to eat grass and roots".
4324:
2884:
2840:
2808:
1798:
1796:
1752:
1548:"Ethiopia Food Security Outlook June 2022 to January 2023 - Ethiopia"
1516:
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1043:
War crimes in the Tigray War § Looting and deliberate starvation
880:
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530:
459:
409:
138:
3720:
1953:
1951:
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3569:
3077:"UN calls for ceasefire amid renewed fighting in northern Ethiopia"
2501:"WFP Chief Alleges TPLF Stole Fuel Designated for Humanitarian Use"
1132:
1037:
Claims of intentional starvation by federal Ethiopian-allied forces
751:
736:
732:
692:
661:
611:
174:
66:
2880:"Ethiopia - Access Snapshot - Tigray region (As of 31 March 2021)"
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2251:
2176:"Somalia drought may have killed 43,000 in 2022, half under 5: UN"
2068:"'Everything increasing except wages': inflation batters Ethiopia"
1793:
1080:
published a report in which it listed Article 8(2)(b)(xxv) of the
4160:
3340:
2388:"Real-time evaluation of FAO's response to desert locust upsurge"
2363:"Alarm as coronavirus curbs disrupt East Africa fight on locusts"
2316:"Desert Locust Bulletin - General situation during December 2019"
1948:
1567:"Starvation crisis looms as aid groups seek urgent Tigray access"
1398:
1215:
1203:
1176:
935:
876:
769:
700:
696:
665:
607:
603:
291:
259:
30:"Tigray famine" redirects here. For the 20th-century famine, see
3416:"Wheat Farming Drive in Ethiopia Gathers Pace as Shortages Bite"
3220:
2966:"Ethiopia orders expulsion of 7 top UN officials for 'meddling'"
2896:
2259:"Desert Locust Bulletin - General situation during October 2020"
2023:
1512:"Ethiopian Red Cross says 80 percent of Tigray cut off from aid"
226:
was "deliberately holding back food in an effort to starve" the
4329:
3294:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
3279:
2355:
2308:
2280:
2248:
1757:
1226:
1207:
1172:
925:
905:
897:
376:
275:
3796:
2291:"Central & Eastern region outbreaks (May 2018 to present)"
521:
3837:
3324:
2916:"'We'll be left without families': Fear in Ethiopia's Tigray"
2662:"Kidnappings, looting cited in Ethiopia's Tigray after truce"
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1387:
1385:
1184:
1180:
1138:
1051:
of cars, generators, food stores, cattle, sheep and goats in
1047:
Alex de Waal argued in December 2020 that the looting by the
728:
716:
712:
704:
669:
657:
615:
513:
trusted by Tigrayans, were dissolved by federal authorities.
3529:"West urges Russia to reverse Ukraine grain deal suspension"
3493:"News: Ukraine donates 50,000 mt wheat to Ethiopia, Somalia"
2150:"Report: 43,000 estimated dead in Somalia drought last year"
1906:"Trapped in Ethiopia's Tigray, people 'falling like leaves'"
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1352:"SITUATION REPORT - HORN OF AFRICA No. 295- 21 October 2022"
1110:
International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia
2828:
2591:
2579:
2104:"Ethiopians mark Coptic new year amid persistent inflation"
1558:
901:
724:
720:
452:
413:
295:
3187:
3113:
1454:
1442:"350,000 people in famine conditions in Ethiopia's Tigray"
1382:
458:
On 16 June 2022, the specialised digital service of OCHA,
3438:"Ethiopia | Hunger Crisis - Emergency Appeal №: MDRET027"
3200:
2948:"Ethiopia expels top UN officials amid Tigray aid crisis"
1725:
1718:"Ethiopia Tigray conflict: Famine hits 400,000, UN warns"
1591:
1495:
640:
Between June 2019 and February 2022, a major outbreak of
2860:
2603:
2567:
821:
Looting by federal Ethiopian, Eritrean and Amhara forces
780:
3352:
1167:
Bags of wheat from Ukraine sent to Ethiopia, March 2023
3669:
Allard K. Lowenstein International Human Rights Clinic
3613:
3475:"U.N. ship carrying Ukrainian wheat heads to Ethiopia"
2983:
2779:"As America retreats, regional rogues are on the rise"
2754:"Report: UAE operating 'air bridge' to Ethiopian army"
2231:"The locust crisis: The World Bank's response - World"
1897:
1646:
865:
2796:
2623:"Situation Report EEPA HORN No. 62 – 21 January 2021"
361:
Abraha Desta, head of the opposition political party
3053:"Ethiopia: Half of Tigray in 'severe' food shortage"
2440:
Psaledakis, Daphne; et al. (1 September 2021).
1606:
Famine Early Warning Systems and Remote Sensing Data
1179:
accounted for a combined total of 81% of Ethiopia's
1115:
In June 2023, the Lowenstein Human Rights Clinic of
870:
An investigation revealed in November 2021 that the
403:
3312:
3149:
3125:"Who Will Call Out Eritrea's War Crimes in Tigray?"
2615:
1008:
Food distribution partners in Tigray on 31 May 2021
3762:Weldemichel, Teklehaymanot G. (18 November 2021).
3581:
3228:
3227:Weldemichel, Teklehaymanot G. (18 November 2021).
2995:"Tigray is starving, it is time for the UN to act"
2476:. Dicasterium pro Communicatione. 1 September 2021
2214:
2202:"Horn of Africa Faces Another Failed Rainy Season"
2029:
1829:
1599:
1307:
1305:
1195:and caused food prices to significantly increase.
3660:
3346:
1678:
785:All parties to the conflict have been accused by
4747:
2136:"Worst Drought on Record Parches Horn of Africa"
1082:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
929:Distribution of USAID food aid, wheat, in Tigray
365:and head of the Bureau of Social Affairs of the
338:in the Shimelba and Hitsats refugee camps being
1302:
644:began developing, threatening food supplies in
3414:Tadesse, Fasika; Marks, Simon (16 June 2022).
2133:
1253:argued that the information blackout from the
263:USAID food aid, high energy biscuits in Tigray
3853:
3594:Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
1878:Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
1867:
1865:
1425:Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
1259:Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
956:
325:Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
3692:Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International
3413:
2470:"Tigray rebels loot humanitarian warehouses"
1802:
1436:
1434:
1370:
1368:
1346:
1344:
298:, people were "dying while they sleeping".
3761:
3226:
2217:"The Horn of Africa Faces Deepening Crisis"
1202:region, wherein Ukraine (with support from
848:IDP camp in Axum, Tigray Region (June 2021)
798:televised interview with state broadcaster
691:. By the end of 2019, there were swarms in
660:in 70 years, and the worst in 25 years for
4771:Ethiopian war crimes during the Tigray War
4682:Famine in northern Ethiopia (2020–present)
3860:
3846:
3686:
2902:
2866:
2609:
2597:
2585:
2573:
2439:
2199:
1862:
1803:Ekubamichael, Medihane (25 January 2021).
1391:
1139:Effects of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
792:
47:
4781:Grain and the Russian invasion of Ukraine
4776:Eritrean war crimes during the Tigray War
4151:
3820:
3391:Telila, Henok Fasil (20 September 2023).
1431:
1365:
1341:
4399:
4302:
3589:"IPC Overview and Classification System"
3457:"Grain from Ukraine Arrives in Ethiopia"
3193:
2659:
2553:Ethiopian Human Rights Commission - EHRC
1162:
1003:
960:
924:
920:
843:
555:
520:
371:
266:
258:
208:The main reasons for the famine are the
3961:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)
3619:
3119:
3041:from the original on 21 September 2022.
2989:
2513:from the original on 23 September 2022.
2498:
2435:
2433:
2343:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 23 June 2020
2086:"WFP Ethiopia Market Watch, March 2023"
1835:
1564:
802:in Addis Ababa. On 25 August 2022, the
429:who had been victims of sexual violence
197:). It is the worst famine to happen in
14:
4748:
4043:2021–2022 Ethiopian state of emergency
3390:
3308:from the original on 14 September 2023
2019:from the original on 23 November 2021.
2001:
1565:Zelalem, Zecharias (19 January 2021).
992:The government of the Amhara-occupied
501:On 8 February 2021, the boards of the
438:
4639:Predictions of a genocide in Ethiopia
3841:
3637:from the original on 10 February 2021
3601:from the original on 11 February 2021
3454:
3267:from the original on 18 November 2021
3089:from the original on 14 October 2022.
3065:from the original on 20 October 2022.
2928:from the original on 12 February 2021
2888:. OCHA. 15 April 2021. Archived from
2848:from the original on 10 February 2021
2816:from the original on 14 February 2021
2660:Muhumuza, Rodney (27 November 2022).
2537:from the original on 19 October 2022.
2048:from the original on 14 February 2021
1885:from the original on 11 February 2021
1850:from the original on 14 November 2011
1843:Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)
1817:from the original on 11 February 2021
1764:from the original on 30 October 2022.
1698:from the original on 10 February 2021
1666:from the original on 10 February 2021
1634:from the original on 10 February 2021
1597:
1579:from the original on 10 February 2021
1528:from the original on 10 February 2021
1406:from the original on 11 October 2022.
1392:Paravicini, Giulia (20 August 2022).
781:Looting and removal of basic services
622:and a 6th failed season is predicted.
550:Horn of Africa drought (2020–present)
286:between international aid groups and
274:of people who had fled starvation in
27:Famine occurred during the Tigray War
4732:
4091:2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia
3455:Yusuf, Mohammed (8 September 2022).
3208:from the original on 16 October 2021
3137:from the original on 8 February 2021
3007:from the original on 5 November 2021
2734:from the original on 4 November 2022
2641:from the original on 21 January 2021
2430:
1918:from the original on 31 October 2021
1903:
1659:Famine Early Warning Systems Network
1483:from the original on 22 January 2021
1359:EuropeExternal Programme with Africa
1073:as causative factors of starvation.
679:in 2018 produced heavy rains in the
656:. The outbreak was the worst to hit
562:
314:Famine Early Warning Systems Network
284:Tigray Emergency Coordination Center
3945:Resignation of Hailemariam Desalegn
3380:from the original on 31 August 2023
2413:"Desert Locust upsurge (2019–2021)"
2134:Cassidy, Emily (13 December 2022).
2096:
2060:
1740:
1331:"Tigray is edging closer to famine"
866:Role of international weapons sales
746:In April 2020, travel and shipping
675:The locust infestations began when
600:2020–present Horn of Africa drought
24:
3714:
3694:. AFR 25/5444/2022. 6 April 2022.
3069:
2672:
2541:
1971:from the original on 18 April 2021
1836:Zekaria, Samia (18 October 2010).
1108:In its September 2022 report, the
469:
431:, and the looting of 5,000 homes.
25:
4832:
4240:Transitional Government of Tigray
3976:Formation of the Prosperity Party
3194:Schifrin, Nick (6 October 2021).
3175:from the original on 6 April 2021
2499:Wilkins, Henry (25 August 2022).
2323:Food and Agriculture Organization
2266:Food and Agriculture Organization
1240:
811:Ethiopian Human Rights Commission
404:Transitional government of Tigray
367:Transitional Government of Tigray
288:Transitional Government of Tigray
4731:
4723:
4722:
4662:Refoulement of Eritrean refugees
4235:Ethiopian National Defense Force
4211:
4198:
4186:
4174:
4153:
4140:
756:COVID-19 related food insecurity
632:This section is an excerpt from
626:
567:
548:This section is an excerpt from
537:
496:
228:Tigray People's Liberation Front
169:Beginning with the onset of the
4703:EHRC–OHCHR Tigray investigation
4112:Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement
4074:2021 Ethiopian general election
3653:
3557:
3539:
3521:
3503:
3485:
3467:
3448:
3430:
3407:
3384:
3093:
3045:
3019:
2958:
2940:
2908:
2872:
2771:
2746:
2708:
2690:
2653:
2517:
2492:
2462:
2405:
2380:
2329:
2223:
2208:
2200:africanews (5 September 2022).
2193:
2142:
2127:
2114:
2108:Africanews and Associated Press
2078:
1983:
1930:
1768:
1710:
1540:
1221:On 30 October 2022, as part of
965:Internally displaced people in
398:
385:United Nations Security Council
282:In an 8 January meeting of the
3867:
1410:
1323:
1280:Famine in Yemen (2016–present)
1121:international humanitarian law
1057:Rome Statute, Article 7, 2.(b)
750:precipitated by the spread of
503:Tigrai Development Association
334:(HRCE), prior to the Eritrean
216:in the region. As reported by
13:
1:
4048:ENDF National Unity Offensive
3991:2020 Tigray regional election
3981:COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia
3902:1995 Constitution of Ethiopia
3739:10.1080/10242694.2022.2066420
1295:
860:November 2022 peace agreement
4796:History of the Tigray Region
4791:History of the Amhara Region
4361:Casualties of the Tigray war
4147:Ethiopian federal government
3966:2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit
1691:Human Rights Concern Eritrea
1618:10.1007/978-3-540-75369-8_18
1275:1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia
634:2019–2022 locust infestation
332:Human Rights Concern Eritrea
224:federal Ethiopian government
7:
3822:10.3112/erdkunde.2022.04.03
3727:Defence and Peace Economics
3675:. June 2023. Archived from
1904:Anna, Cara (30 June 2021).
1268:
1189:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1145:Russian invasion of Ukraine
858:homes, in violation of the
516:
351:Ethiopian Red Cross Society
340:forced to return to Eritrea
232:Ethiopian Red Cross Society
41:Famine in northern Ethiopia
10:
4837:
4811:Ethiopia–Ukraine relations
4786:History of the Afar Region
4698:ACHPR Tigray investigation
3940:2016–18 state of emergency
1223:Black Sea Grain Initiative
1155:Grain From Ukraine program
1151:Black Sea Grain Initiative
1148:
1142:
1040:
957:Blockade of aid deliveries
789:of looting aid shipments.
631:
606:that hit the countries of
547:
542:
489:
278:, Amhara Region (May 2022)
152:$ 1.3 billion (58% funded)
94:c. November 2020 – present
29:
4821:Ethiopia–Russia relations
4806:Eritrea–Ukraine relations
4801:Looting in the Tigray War
4766:Impacts of the Tigray War
4720:
4690:
4674:
4647:
4567:
4486:
4408:
4390:
4369:
4353:
4346:
4279:
4258:
4227:
4132:
4125:
4099:
4061:
4003:
3953:
3890:History of Western Tigray
3882:
3875:
3782:10.1177/19427786211061431
3253:10.1177/19427786211061431
1159:Ethiopia–Russia relations
1086:2004 Ethiopian Penal Code
1076:In early April 2021, the
979:Norwegian Refugee Council
576:This article needs to be
485:
254:
156:
148:
126:
106:
98:
90:
72:
62:
46:
39:
4816:Eritrea–Russia relations
4618:Destruction of Heritage
4013:Northern Command attacks
2215:Mishra, Donald Prakash.
2074:. AFP. 11 December 2022.
1601:"The Future of FEWS NET"
1598:Brown, Molly E. (2008).
1263:South Sudanese Civil War
529:Ethiopia had an average
507:Relief Society of Tigray
18:Famine in the Tigray War
4250:Eritrean Defence Forces
4038:TDF–OLA joint offensive
1129:crimes against humanity
1092:In early October 2021,
983:Eritrean Defence Forces
793:Looting by the TPLF/TDF
312:described estimates by
115:437-914 people per day
4117:Interim Administration
3986:Hachalu Hundessa riots
3935:2014–16 Oromo protests
3907:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
3347:Lowenstein Clinic 2023
3165:World Peace Foundation
2905:, pp. 78, 91–102.
2903:HRW & Amnesty 2022
2867:HRW & Amnesty 2022
2610:HRW & Amnesty 2022
2598:HRW & Amnesty 2022
2586:HRW & Amnesty 2022
2574:HRW & Amnesty 2022
2124:Retrieved 12 May 2023.
1214:money to Ethiopia and
1168:
1078:World Peace Foundation
1009:
970:
930:
849:
842:
560:
526:
380:
359:
279:
264:
160:13,000,000 in need of
110:50–100 people per day
4657:Hamdayet (Ethiopians)
4245:Tigray Defense Forces
4023:Asmara rocket attacks
3919:Elections in Ethiopia
3403:on 20 September 2023.
3296:, 22 September 2022,
1166:
1149:Further information:
1033:March and June 2023.
1019:Oromo Liberation Army
1007:
969:, Tigray (April 2021)
964:
928:
921:Food aid distribution
890:On 27 November 2021,
847:
834:
830:Amnesty International
559:
524:
492:2022–2023 food crises
375:
355:
345:On 10 February 2021,
270:
262:
4761:21st-century famines
3971:Tripartite Agreement
3499:. 22 September 2022.
3123:(23 December 2020).
2954:. 30 September 2021.
2924:. 11 February 2021.
2812:. 12 February 2021.
2530:World Food Programme
2110:. 12 September 2023.
2034:(13 February 2021).
1694:. 10 February 2021.
1662:. 10 February 2021.
1612:. pp. 297–309.
1524:. 10 February 2021.
1245:On 7 February 2021,
1099:In November 2021 in
1062:On 22 January 2021,
1027:World Food Programme
973:On 1 February 2021,
804:World Food Programme
474:On 14 October 2021,
383:On 2 July 2021, the
308:On 22 January 2021,
248:World Food Programme
4756:Famines in Ethiopia
3623:(7 February 2021).
3517:. 17 November 2022.
3328:. 22 September 2022
2993:(4 November 2021).
2844:. 1 February 2021.
2727:. 2 November 2022.
2704:. 21 November 2022.
2634:. 21 January 2021.
2030:Vanden Bempt, Tim;
2015:. 14 October 2021.
1944:. 16 November 2021.
1760:. 29 October 2022.
1479:. 23 January 2021.
1285:2021 Somali drought
809:In March 2022, the
654:Indian subcontinent
439:United Nations OCHA
214:locust infestations
3813:University of Bonn
3708:on 11 August 2023.
3535:. 30 October 2022.
3085:. 24 August 2022.
3061:. 20 August 2022.
3037:. 20 August 2022.
3000:Al Jazeera English
2686:. 2 December 2022.
2533:. 25 August 2022.
1572:Al Jazeera English
1361:. 28 October 2022.
1317:The Globe and Mail
1169:
1010:
971:
931:
850:
826:Human Rights Watch
561:
527:
509:(REST), two local
443:On 15 April 2021,
381:
280:
265:
234:(ERCS), described
32:1958 Tigray famine
4743:
4742:
4716:
4715:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4028:Mekelle offensive
3999:
3998:
3481:. 7 October 2022.
2970:www.aljazeera.com
2600:, pp. 91–95.
2588:, pp. 89–90.
2367:www.aljazeera.com
2325:. 6 January 2020.
2268:. 2 November 2020
2180:www.aljazeera.com
2092:. 25 April 2023 .
1967:. 15 April 2021.
1627:978-3-540-75367-4
1290:Gaza Strip famine
989:security forces.
951:Minister of Peace
685:Arabian Peninsula
650:Arabian Peninsula
597:
596:
244:Minister of Peace
167:
166:
16:(Redirected from
4828:
4735:
4734:
4726:
4725:
4406:
4405:
4397:
4396:
4382:Internment camps
4377:Ethnic profiling
4351:
4350:
4300:
4299:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4163:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4130:
4129:
4018:Battle of Humera
3895:Welkait question
3880:
3879:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3824:
3793:
3767:
3758:
3709:
3704:. Archived from
3683:
3682:on 24 June 2023.
3681:
3666:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3630:Tufts University
3617:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3575:Associated Press
3561:
3555:
3554:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3461:Voice of America
3452:
3446:
3445:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3426:on 17 June 2022.
3422:. Archived from
3411:
3405:
3404:
3399:. Archived from
3388:
3382:
3381:
3356:
3350:
3349:, pp. 3–10.
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3232:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3174:
3168:. 5 April 2021.
3161:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3130:Tufts University
3117:
3111:
3110:
3106:Associated Press
3097:
3091:
3090:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3030:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2921:Associated Press
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2733:
2720:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2666:Associated Press
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2627:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2506:Voice of America
2496:
2490:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2320:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2263:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2131:
2125:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1911:Associated Press
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1873:"IPC and Famine"
1869:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1603:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1554:. 5 August 2022.
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1508:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1467:
1452:
1451:
1438:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1389:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1337:. 22 April 2021.
1327:
1321:
1320:
1319:. 14 March 2022.
1309:
1247:Tufts University
813:stated that the
592:
589:
583:
571:
570:
563:
480:Ghent University
353:(ERCS), stated,
236:displaced people
122:
119:Ghent University
113:
102:150,000–200,000+
51:
42:
37:
36:
21:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4712:
4686:
4670:
4643:
4607:Sexual violence
4594:
4563:
4482:
4386:
4365:
4334:
4298:
4281:
4275:
4254:
4223:
4212:
4210:
4199:
4197:
4187:
4185:
4175:
4173:
4154:
4152:
4141:
4139:
4121:
4095:
4057:
4053:Battle of Shire
4033:Operation Alula
3995:
3949:
3912:border conflict
3871:
3866:
3770:Human Geography
3717:
3715:Further reading
3712:
3702:
3679:
3673:Yale Law School
3664:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3640:
3638:
3618:
3614:
3604:
3602:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3577:. 23 July 2022.
3563:
3562:
3558:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3453:
3449:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3412:
3408:
3389:
3385:
3368:, 6 June 2023,
3366:Yale Law School
3358:
3357:
3353:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3329:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3270:
3268:
3245:SAGE Publishing
3236:Human Geography
3225:
3221:
3211:
3209:
3192:
3188:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3118:
3114:
3109:. 29 June 2023.
3099:
3098:
3094:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3034:The Irish Times
3025:
3024:
3020:
3010:
3008:
2988:
2984:
2974:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2931:
2929:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2901:
2897:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2865:
2861:
2851:
2849:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2817:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2608:
2604:
2596:
2592:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2555:. 11 March 2022
2547:
2546:
2542:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2497:
2493:
2479:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2450:
2448:
2438:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2213:
2209:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2156:. 20 March 2023
2148:
2147:
2143:
2132:
2128:
2122:Reuters website
2119:
2115:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2028:
2024:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1997:. 16 June 2022.
1989:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1801:
1794:
1784:
1782:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1731:
1729:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1628:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1563:
1559:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1510:
1509:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1469:
1468:
1455:
1450:. 10 June 2021.
1440:
1439:
1432:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1390:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1366:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1298:
1271:
1243:
1161:
1147:
1141:
1117:Yale Law School
1102:Human Geography
1045:
1039:
959:
923:
885:Harar Meda Base
868:
823:
795:
783:
778:
777:
637:
629:
624:
623:
593:
587:
584:
581:
572:
568:
553:
545:
540:
519:
499:
494:
488:
472:
470:Other estimates
441:
406:
401:
257:
191:food insecurity
116:
114:
111:
58:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4834:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4741:
4740:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4694:
4692:
4691:Investigations
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4652:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4423:
4418:
4412:
4410:
4403:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4373:
4371:
4370:Discrimination
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4357:
4355:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4285:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4208:
4195:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4149:
4136:
4134:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4076:
4071:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3904:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3886:
3884:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3865:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3794:
3776:(3): 290–294.
3759:
3733:(5): 618–645.
3716:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3700:
3684:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3612:
3580:
3556:
3538:
3520:
3515:Addis Standard
3502:
3497:Addis Standard
3484:
3466:
3447:
3429:
3406:
3397:Addis Standard
3383:
3351:
3339:
3311:
3278:
3219:
3186:
3148:
3112:
3092:
3068:
3058:Deutsche Welle
3044:
3018:
2982:
2957:
2939:
2907:
2895:
2892:on 9 May 2021.
2871:
2859:
2827:
2795:
2770:
2745:
2724:Addis Standard
2707:
2702:Addis Standard
2689:
2671:
2652:
2614:
2602:
2590:
2578:
2566:
2540:
2516:
2491:
2461:
2429:
2404:
2379:
2354:
2328:
2307:
2279:
2247:
2222:
2207:
2192:
2167:
2141:
2126:
2113:
2095:
2077:
2059:
2022:
2013:DavidAlton.net
2000:
1995:OCHA ReliefWeb
1982:
1964:Addis Standard
1947:
1929:
1896:
1861:
1828:
1810:Addis Standard
1792:
1767:
1739:
1709:
1677:
1645:
1626:
1590:
1557:
1539:
1494:
1453:
1430:
1409:
1381:
1378:. 10 May 2021.
1364:
1340:
1322:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1267:
1242:
1241:Classification
1239:
1200:Horn of Africa
1143:Main article:
1140:
1137:
1038:
1035:
977:, head of the
958:
955:
947:Muferiat Kamil
922:
919:
896:reported that
867:
864:
822:
819:
794:
791:
782:
779:
689:Horn of Africa
677:Cyclone Mekunu
642:desert locusts
638:
630:
628:
625:
602:is an ongoing
595:
594:
575:
573:
566:
554:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
518:
515:
505:(TDA) and the
498:
495:
487:
484:
471:
468:
464:Horn of Africa
440:
437:
405:
402:
400:
397:
256:
253:
246:, agreed with
240:Muferiat Kamil
187:Amhara Regions
165:
164:
158:
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
128:
124:
123:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4833:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4738:
4729:
4719:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4646:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4632:Negash mosque
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4295:
4294:Inquiry Board
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4282:organisations
4278:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4220:
4209:
4207:
4196:
4194:
4183:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4150:
4148:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:Peace process
4098:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3924:2005 election
3922:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3863:
3858:
3856:
3851:
3849:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3707:
3703:
3701:9781623139759
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3622:
3621:de Waal, Alex
3616:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3584:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3560:
3553:. 2 May 2022.
3552:
3548:
3542:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3480:
3476:
3470:
3462:
3458:
3451:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3387:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3343:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3282:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3231:
3223:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3190:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3158:
3152:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3122:
3121:de Waal, Alex
3116:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3029:
3022:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2991:de Waal, Alex
2986:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2904:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2869:, p. 95.
2868:
2863:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2799:
2784:
2783:The Economist
2780:
2774:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2717:
2711:
2703:
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317:
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310:The Economist
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303:The Economist
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290:officials in
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4504:Mahbere Dego
4473:Ziban Gedena
4468:Hagere Selam
4347:Human rights
4280:Human rights
4228:Institutions
4184: /
3926: /
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3802:
3773:
3769:
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3726:
3706:the original
3691:
3677:the original
3668:
3654:Bibliography
3639:. Retrieved
3628:
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3603:. Retrieved
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2480:11 September
2478:. Retrieved
2474:Vatican News
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2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2041:ResearchGate
2039:
2025:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1973:. Retrieved
1962:
1942:The Guardian
1941:
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1909:
1899:
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1515:
1485:. Retrieved
1474:
1445:
1427:. June 2021.
1412:
1397:
1358:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1251:Alex de Waal
1244:
1231:drone attack
1220:
1197:
1170:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1098:
1094:Mark Lowcock
1091:
1075:
1070:
1063:
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1031:
1023:
1015:Alex de Waal
1011:
994:Western Zone
991:
972:
949:, Ethiopian
945:
939:
932:
891:
889:
869:
851:
835:
824:
808:
796:
784:
774:Gulf of Aden
766:Indian Ocean
762:pest control
748:restrictions
745:
709:Saudi Arabia
674:
639:
620:rainy season
585:
577:
528:
500:
473:
457:
445:Mark Lowcock
442:
433:
418:
407:
399:Death counts
393:
390:
382:
363:Arena Tigray
360:
356:
344:
329:
318:
309:
307:
302:
300:
283:
281:
242:, Ethiopian
217:
207:
168:
157:Consequences
112:(April 2021)
99:Total deaths
4585:3rd Mekelle
4554:2nd Mekelle
4453:1st Mekelle
4167:Involvement
3815:: 271–288.
3641:10 February
3605:11 February
3271:19 November
3247:: 290–294.
2932:12 February
2852:10 February
2820:14 February
2788:27 November
2763:27 November
2451:8 September
2417:www.fao.org
2392:www.fao.org
2295:www.fao.org
2052:14 February
2032:Nyssen, Jan
1922:22 November
1889:11 February
1854:11 February
1821:11 February
1702:11 February
1670:10 February
1638:10 February
1583:10 February
1532:10 February
1487:11 February
1249:researcher
999:Irob woreda
975:Jan Egeland
646:East Africa
421:Mai Kinetal
199:East Africa
195:IPC Phase 5
85:Afar Region
4750:Categories
4627:Debre Damo
4431:Zalambessa
4392:War crimes
4354:Casualties
4133:Key actors
3876:Background
3869:Tigray war
3533:Al Jazeera
3374:Q122538476
3332:29 October
3302:Q122538801
3212:16 October
3141:8 February
3082:Al Jazeera
3011:5 November
2738:4 November
2645:21 January
2272:7 November
1447:Al Jazeera
1296:References
1212:reimbursed
1125:war crimes
1041:See also:
490:See also:
476:Jan Nyssen
455:, Tigray.
425:Indafelasi
349:, head of
347:Abera Tola
323:under the
210:Tigray War
177:, and the
171:Tigray War
107:Death rate
4648:Refugees/
4590:Adi Daero
4559:Kombolcha
4524:Gira Aras
4509:2nd Wukro
4443:1st Wukro
4416:Mai Kadra
4401:Massacres
4325:Seb Hidri
4303:Non-state
4079:Spillover
4069:Reactions
3831:2702-5985
3790:244412611
3755:248537370
3747:1024-2694
3442:Reliefweb
3420:Bloomberg
3261:244412611
2885:Reliefweb
2841:ReliefWeb
2809:ReliefWeb
2422:2 October
2397:2 October
2235:ReliefWeb
2090:Reliefweb
2072:France 24
1753:ReliefWeb
1517:France 24
1171:In 2020,
985:, and by
881:Abu Dhabi
741:Argentina
531:inflation
460:ReliefWeb
410:Gulomahda
203:2011–2012
139:inflation
131:civil war
121:Oct 2022)
4728:Category
4539:Galikoma
4436:Dengelat
4259:Militias
4107:Overview
4005:Timeline
3928:violence
3804:Erdkunde
3635:Archived
3599:Archived
3597:. 2013.
3570:CBC News
3378:archived
3370:Wikidata
3306:archived
3298:Wikidata
3265:Archived
3206:Archived
3170:Archived
3135:Archived
3087:Archived
3063:Archived
3039:Archived
3005:Archived
2952:BBC News
2926:Archived
2846:Archived
2814:Archived
2729:Archived
2636:Archived
2559:13 March
2535:Archived
2511:Archived
2372:28 April
2240:28 April
2160:20 March
2046:Archived
2017:Archived
1975:18 April
1969:Archived
1916:Archived
1883:Archived
1881:. 2013.
1848:Archived
1838:"Tigray"
1815:Archived
1780:fews.net
1762:Archived
1722:BBC News
1696:Archived
1664:Archived
1632:Archived
1610:Springer
1577:Archived
1526:Archived
1481:Archived
1404:Archived
1269:See also
1133:genocide
908:and the
752:COVID-19
737:Paraguay
733:Pakistan
693:Ethiopia
662:Ethiopia
652:and the
612:Ethiopia
588:May 2024
517:Economic
336:refugees
272:IDP camp
175:Ethiopia
162:food aid
73:Location
67:Ethiopia
4737:Commons
4580:Berhale
4575:Dedebit
4448:Hitsats
4426:Adigrat
4161:Eritrea
3954:Prelude
3883:History
3551:Reuters
3479:Reuters
3179:6 April
2758:i24news
2684:Reuters
2446:Reuters
2347:24 June
2185:15 June
2154:AP NEWS
1785:10 June
1399:Reuters
1216:Somalia
1204:Germany
1177:Ukraine
936:Mekelle
877:Sweihan
770:Red Sea
701:Somalia
697:Eritrea
683:of the
666:Somalia
608:Somalia
604:drought
578:updated
543:Drought
292:Mekelle
135:drought
63:Country
4708:ICHREE
4612:Hawzen
4544:Chenna
4534:Togoga
4499:Debano
4421:Humera
4330:Yikono
4271:UFEFCF
4216:
4206:Amhara
4203:
4182:Tigray
4179:
4158:
4126:Groups
4062:Impact
3829:
3788:
3753:
3745:
3698:
3372:
3300:
3289:crimes
3259:
2341:R7.com
1758:UNICEF
1732:3 July
1624:
1235:Crimea
1227:Russia
1208:France
1173:Russia
1157:, and
906:Israel
898:Turkey
883:, and
879:Base,
731:, and
668:, and
648:, the
614:, and
486:Causes
377:UNICEF
276:Soqota
255:Impact
222:, the
201:since
179:Tigray
149:Relief
127:Causes
91:Period
4667:Shire
4622:Aksum
4478:Gijet
4310:EHRCO
4084:Sudan
3827:eISSN
3811:(4).
3786:S2CID
3751:S2CID
3680:(PDF)
3665:(PDF)
3325:OHCHR
3257:S2CID
3243:(3).
3173:(PDF)
3160:(PDF)
2732:(PDF)
2719:(PDF)
2639:(PDF)
2626:(PDF)
2319:(PDF)
2300:3 May
2262:(PDF)
1421:(PDF)
1355:(PDF)
1185:grain
1181:wheat
967:Shire
787:USAID
729:India
717:Egypt
713:Yemen
705:Kenya
670:India
658:Kenya
616:Kenya
117:(per
4675:Food
4650:IDPs
4568:2022
4549:Kobo
4519:Zamr
4494:Bora
4487:2021
4463:Goda
4458:Axum
4409:2020
4320:HRCE
4315:ERCS
4289:EHRC
4266:Fano
4219:Afar
4193:TPLF
3743:ISSN
3696:ISBN
3643:2021
3607:2021
3334:2022
3273:2021
3214:2021
3181:2021
3143:2021
3013:2021
2977:2021
2934:2021
2854:2021
2822:2021
2790:2021
2765:2021
2740:2022
2647:2021
2631:EEPA
2561:2022
2487:aid.
2482:2021
2453:2021
2424:2022
2399:2022
2374:2020
2349:2020
2302:2020
2274:2020
2242:2020
2187:2023
2162:2023
2054:2021
1977:2021
1924:2021
1891:2021
1856:2021
1823:2021
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1734:2021
1704:2021
1672:2021
1640:2021
1622:ISBN
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1534:2021
1489:2021
1206:and
1175:and
902:Iran
828:and
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725:Iran
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598:The
511:NGOs
453:Ofla
449:OCHA
414:Adwa
296:Adwa
185:and
183:Afar
4529:Guh
3817:doi
3778:doi
3735:doi
3249:doi
3201:PBS
1726:BBC
1614:doi
1522:AFP
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910:UAE
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