Tigray war - Knowledge

3542: 112: 3418: 2006: 2015: 3616: 3499:(UN), some 2.3 million children have been cut off from desperately needed aid and humanitarian assistance. Since the start of the conflict, the Ethiopian federal government has strictly controlled access to the Tigray Region, and the UN has said it is frustrated that talks with the Ethiopian government had not yet secured adequate humanitarian access for "food, including ready-to-use therapeutic food for the treatment of child malnutrition, medicines, water, fuel, and other essentials that are running low" said UNICEF. By 13 March 2021, the UN and its partners reached about 900,000 people with complete food baskets, and 700,000 people with clean water. Despite the progress made, many are still hard to reach due to ongoing fighting. About 4.5 million people of are still in need of aid and about 1 million of that are not in accessible areas due to ongoing fighting. 3340: 2570: 2877: 3007:. Hopes that these talks could definitively stop the war, however, remained low, as fighting did not appear to slow down, and Ethiopia vocalized their distrust about the peace process. Still, negotiations continued onward, and on 2 November, Ethiopia and the TPLF announced that they had signed an agreement for a cessation of hostilities (made effective the next day on 3 November, marking the two-year anniversary of the war); however, Eritrea and other warring parties were not involved in the agreement, leaving their status ambiguous. On 12 November, both parties signed a deal to allow humanitarian aid into Tigray. By 29 December, federal police were reported to have returned to Tigray, while flights and internet access had also been restored. 3558: 3488: 3040: 103: 2738: 1837: 2402: 640: 2658: 2450: 375: 2832: 2286: 4067: 2857: 404: 17426: 2349: 3311:. Tigrayans' houses were arbitrarily searched and Tigrayans' bank accounts suspended. During the conflict, many Tigrayans were profiled both professionally and socially, with many fired or called names when out in public as a result of the conflict, such as Tigrayan military members having their weapons confiscated or dismissed from duty. A hotspot for this form of profiling took place in Addis Ababa, including disappearances of major Ethiopian officials and arrests of Tigrayans on the grounds that they supported the TPLF, which was designated as a terrorist organisation in May 2021 by Ethiopian parliament. 2227: 8072:

alienated Tigray from its neighbors. Abiy has made deals with Eritrea and the new government of Sudan, leaving Tigray with few ways to receive the weapons it would need to keep fighting. But he says the Tigray forces are no ordinary militia. "They have dominated the security and the military for almost three decades, and they have all the information and the top secrets of this country," he says. "They know the Achilles' heel." The government alleges that when TPLF fighters attacked their troops last week, they also stole missiles that may be able to reach the capital Addis Ababa.

4221: 83: 417: 1948: 362: 3370:, sexual mutilation, and other forms of sexual torture. Such sexual violence is often accompanied with other forms of physical and mental abuse, including burning their victims with hot iron or cigarettes, forcing metal rods or nails into their victim's genitals, raping their victim in front of their family members, forcing their victims to rape their family members, calling their victims by derogatory words and ethnic slurs, etc. There were also reports that Tigrayan forces had gang-raped dozens of women and underage girls in at least two towns in the 3355:. More than 136 cases of rape were reported in hospitals in Mekelle, Ayder, Adigrat and Wukro in eastern Tigray between December 2020 and January 2021, with indications that there are many more such unreported cases. As of August 2021, there were 512 to 514 rape victims registered with Ethiopian hospitals; however, the real number is probably much larger than that and can be as large as 120,000 by some estimations, and many sources believe the sexual violence in Tigray was intentionally committed with the purpose of destroying the morale of the enemy, 745: 616: 339: 352: 677: 394: 3518:, while international aid had technically been allowed into the region during the 2022 ceasefire, in practice, very little aid was reaching the people that needed it most, largely due to fuel not being made available in these area. On 25 August (one day after the war resumed), the WFP accused the TPLF of stealing 570,000 liters of fuel meant to transport humanitarian aid. On 29 October the same year, UNICEF reported that around 29.7 million people in Ethiopia were in need of humanitarian assistance. 17438: 17414: 863: 806: 787: 733: 665: 604: 592: 580: 568: 556: 319: 17451: 689: 13719:

Seid said. He added that only 10 Tigrayans remained of the roughly 400 who worked at the hospital where he had been employed, the rest killed or fleeing. "This is genocide … Their aim is to erase Tigray." ... What started as a political dispute in one of Africa's most powerful and populous countries has turned into a campaign of ethnic cleansing against minority Tigrayans, according to AP interviews with 30 refugees in Sudan and dozens more by phone, along with international experts.

4017: 3836: 72: 15092:"I do believe that the TPLF has been very opportunistic," he added. Representatives for the TPLF and Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's office did not immediately respond to requests for comment. "Any interference or theft of humanitarian aid is unacceptable and prevents critical assistance from reaching people in need. Unfortunately, since the beginning of the conflict in northern Ethiopia, we've seen instances of looting from all parties," a USAID spokesperson said. 18458: 17962: 304: 3783:

speech to justify communications blackouts. Researchers suggested that reducing access to information could help to create contexts where misinformation can thrive because it reduces the ability to verify information. In late July 2021, a report emerged that there was coordination in social media messaging and media reportage of the conflict in Ethiopia, to an extent it mirrored an earlier Syrian hybrid information campaign designated as Project Basma.

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During this time fighting was reported to have taken place around Mekelle, and the ENDF had retreated from rural positions towards the city. Several of these clashes took place in mid-February at Samre, a small town 45 km (28 mi) south-west of Mekelle. Thousands of Ethiopian troops supported by artillery, tanks, and airstrikes fought dug-in forces loyal to the Tigray regional government.

2145: 2529:, from which most of its petroleum products are imported. Following the TDF's counter-attack on two districts of his region, the Amhara regional President, Agegnehu Teshager, called for the total mobilisation of all people of all ages who are armed in the region to fight against the Tigrayans. A similar call was made in Afar. Meanwhile, the city of 2844:

Tigray, Amhara and Afar. Allegations emerged that the Tigray were smuggling in weapons, leading to the Ethiopian Air Force shooting down a plane, claiming it was carrying weapons for the TPLF; meanwhile, the government was accused of indiscriminate air bombardments on civilian targets. Civilians reported that pro-government militias, such as

2340:, massacres of civilians continued into March, including around 250 in Humera over the course of three days by unconfirmed perpetrators, and 13 in Grizana by the EDF. That same month, an undated video surfaced that purported to show Ethiopian troops executing 11 unarmed men before throwing their bodies off a cliff near Mahibere Dego. 3506:'s mission director in Ethiopia, Sean Jones said: "We do have proof that several of our warehouses have been looted and completely emptied in the areas, particularly in Amhara, where TPLF soldiers have gone into, I do believe that the TPLF has been very opportunistic," in a televised interview with state broadcaster 3465:(WHO), all of the functioning hospitals and health centres in Tigray had a lack of medical supplies, drugs, and equipment. UN partners reported continued looting of health facilities. Only 16% of the health facilities had vaccination services and only 17% had maternal services (antenatal care, birth delivery, etc.). 2935:. Tigray mobilized its citizens too, calling on every able-bodied person to join the fight. Amidst the three-front offensive launched by Ethiopia and Eritrea, estimates put the number of Ethiopian casualties at over 90,000 in a single month, while Tigrayan casualties were also deemed incredibly high. According to 5260: 14267:

The Ethiopian government has been rounding up ethnic Tigrayan security forces deployed in United Nations and African peacekeeping missions abroad and forcing them onto flights to the Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa, where it is feared they may face torture or even execution, according to an internal

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missions were disarmed and some forcibly flown back to Ethiopia, at the risk of torture or execution, according to United Nations officials. The State of Emergency Taskforce stated that the Tigrayan peacekeepers were returned to Ethiopia because of "infiltration of TPLF elements in various entities."

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On 24 March 2022, the Ethiopian government declared an indefinite humanitarian truce, in order to allow the delivery of humanitarian aid into Tigray. During the ceasefire, both Ethiopia and the TPLF agreed to have talks about an official end to the war. A number of outstanding issues – in particular,

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with popular support from the people of Tigray, who were infuriated by war crimes committed by Eritrean and Ethiopian soldiers and worried about a potential decrease in the region's autonomy. This resulted in the TDF growing in strength and the concept of secession from Ethiopia gaining popularity in

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After a successful government counter-offensive in response, and then a series of negotiations with the TPLF, Ethiopia declared an indefinite humanitarian truce on 24 March 2022, in order to allow the delivery of humanitarian aid into Tigray. However, fighting dramatically re-escalated in late August

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told France 24 that would continue fighting as long as federal 'invaders' are on Tigrayan soil. believes neighbouring Eritrea is playing a key role in the conflict. 'They already have 16 divisions in Tigray. They are fighting on the side of the federal army... They have a united front against us.

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Although the war largely came to a halt after the peace agreement was signed, Eritrea continues to occupy parts of Tigray as of mid-2023. The EDF has been responsible for the deaths of thousands of people in northern Ethiopia since November 2022; from 17 to 25 November alone, Eritrea was reported to

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control of Amhara regional authorities. Their control has been marked by reports of ethnically motivated violence and forced displacement. By February 2021, about 45,000 civilians had been forced to leave the zone due to extrajudicial killings, arbitrary detentions, and the disappearances of people,

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classified the events in Tigray as step 9 of genocide (eradication), as well as step 10 (denial). They issued another emergency alert on 20 November 2021, stating that "both sides are committing genocide", referring to detentions of thousands of people based on Oromo or Tigrayan ethnic identity, and

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and Haro. He also stated there was a "massive build up of forces on all fronts." The federal government and Amhara regional government did not respond to the claim. On 11 October, Ethiopian-allied forces launched coordinated ground attacks "on all fronts" against the TDF with combined arms including

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district, and prompting Amhara officials to call on its militias to arm themselves and mobilise. Following the TDF's rapid advances, Abiy threatened to resume war with Tigray and crush the rebels, raising fears of genocide. He called on other regions of Ethiopia to mobilise their special forces. The

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said that up to 40% of Tigray was not controlled by Ethiopian troops. Aside from Tigrayan rebel forces, he said that much of that area was under the control of the EDF, pursuing their own objectives independent of Ethiopian command. By early March, residents said that the number of Eritrean soldiers

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states in Article 39.1, "Every Nation, Nationality, and People in Ethiopia has an unconditional right to self-determination, including the right to secession." Article 62.9 grants the House of Federation the right to "order Federal intervention if any State , in violation of Constitution, endangers

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stated that it was trying to mediate between the federal government and the TPLF, as well as the other regional governments, but that the pre-conditions set by all sides were blocking progress. As tension continued to grow, a brigadier general appointed by Abiy was prevented by the Tigray government

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Legesse, Awol Yemane; Tseghay, Hale Teka; Abraha, Hiluf Ebuy; Fisseha, Girmatsion; Ebrahim, Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss; Tsadik, Mache; Berhe, Bereket; Gebrekurstos, Gebrehaweria; Ayele, Brhane; Gebremeskel, Tesfit; Gebremariam, Tsega; Hadush, Marta Yemane; Hagos, Tigist; Gebreziabiher, Abreha; Muez,

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Aid access:- The UN Security Council on Monday held an informal meeting on the humanitarian situation in Ethiopia's Tigray region, where the majority of humanitarian organizations are not allowed to enter. A humanitarian crisis is unfolding on such a scale that organizations are afraid of what they

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This conflict has the potential to be devastating. Some scholars have warned Ethiopia could break apart in the way Yugoslavia did in the 1990s. The government has downplayed the fighting, calling it a "law enforcement operation." Kiya Tsegaye, an Ethiopian political analyst, says the government has

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The war had a costly impact on the Ethiopian economy. In late November 2022, the cost of rebuilding was estimated to be around $ 20 billion. The cost of rebuilding healthcare facilities in the Tigray, Afar and Amhara Regions was at least $ 1.4 billion, being devastated by the war. Between June 2022

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In November 2020, the UN warned of "very critical" supply shortages for the nearly 100,000 Eritrean refugees who, prior to the war, were registered in four camps in Tigray region. Later that same month, the UN reported that people in Tigray were fleeing Mekelle. The federal government had warned of

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reported that it was not able to find any evidence that the soldiers had been ever deployed to Tigray. Various sources have vindicated the Somali governments position that no evidence exists of SNA involvement. In January 2023, the National Security Advisor reiterated that Somali troops training in

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Tigray, while the ENDF was in control of the main roads and urban areas. Amhara and Eritrean forces also controlled parts of Tigray in the west and north, respectively. All sides wished to secure a military victory, but they lacked the ability to do so in the near term, and so they began to prepare

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Ultimately, the early gains made by the ENDF and EDF against Tigrayan forces did not lead to a decisive defeat of the re-organized and invigorated TDF. In late January, the TDF had rallied and were intensifying their insurgency against Ethiopian forces despite the initial setbacks and heavy losses.

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On 9 January 2021, Ethiopian TV reported that 300 refugees in Hitsats camp were executed by the TPLF. According to refugees, pro-TPLF forces used Hitsats as a base for several weeks in November 2020, killing several refugees who wanted to leave the camp to get food and, in one incident, killed nine

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on 9 September, in defiance of the federal government. Several journalists were barred by the Ethiopian government from travelling to cover Tigray's regional election. Ethiopia considered the Tigray election to be illegal, and responded by slashing federal funding to the region, a decision the TPLF

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Now, for the first time, they also bring proof of an official attempt at what is being called ethnic cleansing in the form of a new identity card that eliminates all traces of Tigray, as confirmed to The Associated Press by nine refugees from different communities... "I kept it to show the world,"

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As our estimate of the civilian deaths in the Tigray war is regularly mentioned in the media, it seems important to share our evolving understanding and updated (lower) number of civilian deaths as a result of the Tigray war and blockade. We concluded that the IPC/FEWS categorization, on which our

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On 20 September, the government of Tigray said Eritrea had invaded the region, and that heavy fighting was taking place across northern Tigray. The TDF had, thus far, largely resisted the offensive, and reportedly launched a counterattack to retake Sheraro. Meanwhile, Ethiopian and Eritrean forces

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In late August 2022, after months of ceasefire, fighting resumed. Both sides blamed each other for initiating the fighting, and both also expressed frustration "for a lack of progress towards negotiations to end the 21-month conflict." The fighting itself concentrated in the border area connecting

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said its forces had seen no fighting in Afar and had redeployed to the adjoining Amhara Region. On 30 September, amid UN concerns about a blockade of aid deliveries to Tigray, the Ethiopian government expelled 7 top UN officials, reportedly because of "meddling" in its internal affairs, giving the

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Ten armed members of the Tigrayan special forces got out of the vehicle and demanded to see the camp's commander. "'We're not here for you,'" Hussen recalled them saying. "'We want to talk to the leaders.'" An argument ensued and gunfire rang out. They were the first shots in a conflict that has

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to demand information on their loved ones who they say they haven't seen in a year. The head of Somalia's parliamentary committee on foreign affairs asked the Somali president to investigate claims by family members that their sons had gone off to fight in Ethiopia and are now missing. In January

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and restoring access to basic public service to Tigray – were topics of discussion throughout. Though there were initial hopes of finding a peaceful solution to ending the war, the talks soon became characterized by steadily increasing hostilities between the negotiation parties. By August, talks

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expressed concern about reports that over 200 people, including 100 children, had been killed in attacks on displaced families sheltering at a health facility and a school in the Afar Region. On 11 August, the TDF and the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) announced an alliance to overthrow Abiy Ahmed's

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accounts were opened in the immediate aftermath of the Northern Command attacks. Most appeared to be authentic accounts from people seeking to raise international awareness of the conflict in the midst of a communications blackout in Tigray. The Ethiopian government cited disinformation and hate

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was unable to find evidence of a link between the Somali army and the fighting in Tigray. The first allegations came in January 2021 from unverified social media accounts. The same month, Somalia's information minister, Osman Abukar Dubbe, confirmed Somali soldiers were training in Eritrea, but

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reported that forces loyal to the TPLF had recaptured the town of Lalibela less than two weeks after government forces and their allies had recaptured control of the town for themselves. Nevertheless, by the end of the month, the federal government had successfully repelled the incursion towards

2708:, institute censorship, restrict freedom of movement as well as to call any adult person to fight in the war, for fear of serving from three to ten years in prison. Authorities in Addis Ababa also told residents to register their weapons in order to fend off the anticipated offensive. Four other 3786:

The Ethiopian government tried to control the information environment by positioning itself as the sole provider of reliable information. In February, pro-government groups called on their supporters in Ethiopia and the diaspora to combat what they called "TPLF fake news" online. Pro-government

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claimed that the TDF now controlled most of the Tigray region. The Ethiopian government claimed, on 30 June, that it could re-enter Mekelle in less than three weeks if it wanted to. In the same announcement, the Ethiopian government stated that all Eritrean forces had withdrawn from the region,

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Though TPLF leaders and special forces had already left the city, Ethiopian forces continued their direct assault on Mekelle on the morning of 28 November, and started heavily shelling the city. By the evening, Prime Minister Abiy declared Ethiopian forces had taken full control of the city. In

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The United Nations says shortages have become "very critical" in Ethiopia's embattled Tigray region as its population of 6 million remains sealed off and its capital is under threat of attack by Ethiopian forces seeking to arrest the regional leaders. Fuel and cash are running out, more than 1

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There was limited access to clean water due to hygiene and sanitation services largely being disrupted across Tigray. The Tigray Regional Water Bureau reported that out of 36 villages it assessed, only 4 had partially functioning water sources. Along with that, an estimated 250 motorized water

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On 22 June 2021, an Ethiopian military cargo plane was shot down over Samre, marking a turn of the war in the TDF's favor. On 28 June 2021, the Tigray Defense Forces retook the city of Mekelle. People celebrated in the streets of Mekelle as the TDF took the city. Ethiopian soldiers, police and

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Ethiopian police visited a U.N. World Food Programme (WFP) office in Amhara region to request a list of ethnic Tigrayan staff, according to an internal U.N. security report seen by Reuters on Friday. ... The U.N. report said that the local police chief informed the WFP office of "the order of

14559: 2218:(TDF). This retreat was partially caused by the fact that a large portion of the TDF's artillery had been destroyed by air strikes. The TDF also began to dig into their positions in rural Tigray, marking the start of a guerrilla campaign against Ethiopian-allied forces from the mountains. 3055:, in what Sudan claimed to be an ambush by Ethiopian forces and Amhara militias. Ethiopia claimed they were trying to stop a Sudanese militia from seizing farmlands on Ethiopian territory. In response to the killings, Sudan started to build up its military along the border with Ethiopia. 1778:

The Ethiopian government and its supporters accused the TPLF of trying to re-establish their rule over the country through violence and force. In turn, the TPLF accused the federal government of accumulating too much power for itself, and that it was engaging in ethnic discrimination of

3807:. Both campaigns produced disinformation and misinformation, though the majority of content produced was activist in nature. Wilmot suggested that the lines between authentic political activity and deliberate manipulation of online content during the conflict were increasingly blurred. 2745:

From 26 November to 6 December 2021, Ethiopian allied forces recaptured several towns in the Amhara and Afar regions including Lalibela and Shewa Robit, according to the Ethiopian government. On 6 December, government forces claimed to have recaptured the strategic cities of

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On 6 May, Ethiopia's House of Peoples' Representatives declared the TPLF as a terrorist organization. On 21 May, Ethiopia's military prosecutors convicted 3 soldiers of rape, and pressed charges against more than 50 others suspected of killing or raping civilians in Tigray.

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As of May 2023, the combined impact of wartime violence, famine and a lack of medical access had killed an estimated 162,000-378,000 people, with other reported estimates reaching numbers as high as 600,000 killed. All sides in the conflict have been accused of committing

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and attempted to rape her; this statement is corroborated by other survivors and witnesses, who spoke of rampant sexual violence, massacres and destruction of civilian infrastructure committed by the EDF. In February 2021, the UN chief coordinator of humanitarian efforts

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On 17 October, Ethiopia said that it would seize every airport and other key infrastructure in the region; that same day, the strategic city of Shire was taken by Eritrea and Ethiopia, leading to the evacuation of thousands of its inhabitants. Ethiopian forces then took

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was also widespread, being perpetrated by virtually all sides. There were "deeply distressing reports of sexual and gender-based violence, extrajudicial killings, widespread destruction and looting of public and private property by all parties" according to the

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On 20 December 2021, the TPLF announced they had withdrawn their troops from Amhara and Afar, saying they were hoping to create, as stated by TPLF chairman Debretsion Gebremichael, "a decisive opening for peace". Debretsion also requested the establishment of a

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Report of the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC)/Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) Joint Investigation into Alleged Violations of International Human Rights, Humanitarian and Refugee Law Committed by all Parties -

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was 5 October 2020 and that for this reason, it would consider "the incumbent" constitutionally illegitimate after 5 October; they proposed replacing the government with a technocratic caretaker government, as detailed in a plan posted on Facebook by the

4179:), Ethiopia continued to experience high inflation, with commonly purchased food items becoming more expensive. Although the war has not been considered the sole reason for these economic struggles, it has still been described as a contributing factor. 2674:, a town 21 km (13 mi) east of Dessie, and the Ethiopian government accused the TDF of massacring over 100 youths in the town. On the same day, the Amhara regional government declared a state of emergency, which included a region-wide curfew. 16015: 16239: 3269:, senior members of the Ethiopian government called for "wip out" all Tigrayans for 100 years. The Ethiopian Government denied the allegations. Similarly, the Tigray Defence Force committed murder and rape of Amhara girls as young as 14 years old. 3673:

especially young men. One refugee interviewed by Reuters said that if they didn't leave when they did, they would have been killed by Amhara forces. 41 other refugees interviewed have also described attacks, looting, and threats by Amhara forces.

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On 7 January – the same day as the Dedebit airstrike – Ethiopia released a number of opposition leaders from prison, including some from the TPLF, and said they desired to have a dialogue with the Tigrayan leadership. On 26 January, the Ethiopian

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also denied the reports of forced displacement and asked the Ethiopian government to modify the border between the Amhara and Tigray regions. US Secretary of State Antony Blinken stated that there had been acts of ethnic cleansing in Tigray.

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on the A2 Highway which links Mekelle to the Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa, and later declared they were considering an offensive towards the capital. The TDF claimed they also linked up with the OLA. Meanwhile, it was reported that a new

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In February 2021, GOAL Ethiopia, the International Rescue Committee (IRC), MCMDO, MSF-Spain, and World Vision, found that nearly one in seven children in 16 woredas and town administrations across Tigray were acutely malnourished. While in

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Rebels in Ethiopia's war-torn Tigray region have reportedly been looting aid warehouses. The pillaging compounds a deepening humanitarian crisis in the Horn of Africa nation which sees over five million people in urgent need of basic food

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or refused permission to board, prevented from overseas travel, and an "order of identifying ethnic Tigrayans from all government agencies and NGOs" being used by federal police to request a list of ethnic Tigrayans from an office of the

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On 29 June, Tigrayan forces vowed to continue their offensive and drive into Eritrea or the Amhara Region if necessary, and said that Mekelle was 100% under the control of Tigrayan forces. On 30 June 2021, the TDF had entered the town of

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The government says fighters loyal to the TPLF attacked federal military bases at multiple locations in Tigray early on Nov. 4 after jamming communications Lt. Gen. Bacha Debele said radio communications were cut at 10:00 p.m. on Nov.

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warned that "actions that deliberately impede relief supplies" would violate international humanitarian law. Possible COVID-19 outbreaks were feared as refugees fleeing the Tigray conflict sheltered in crowded camps. By March 2021,

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had fallen to the TDF. However, control over the city was not immediately certain, with the federal government denying its capture and reports of fierce fighting coming from the town. On 31 October, the TDF claimed to have captured

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2022, after peace talks broke down. Rapid mobilization of troops soon followed, with Ethiopia, Eritrea and Tigray reportedly organizing hundreds of thousands of troops against each other by October the same year. After a number of

8236: 5914: 9264: 1565:, the capital of the Tigray Region, on 28 November, after which Abiy declared the operation "over." However, the TPLF stated soon afterwards that it would continue fighting until the "invaders" were out, and on 28 June 2021, the 14560:"United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict, Ms. Pramila Patten, urges all parties to prohibit the use of sexual violence and cease hostilities in the Tigray region of Ethiopia" 4191:

The Tigray Health Bureau noted that 852 cases of rape and sexual assault were reported between November and December 2022; according to aid workers and interviews with survivors, most of these were committed by Eritrean forces.

3903:, accusing the news organisations of having "consistently disseminated news that sowed seeds of animosity among people and compromised the sovereignty of the country." The EMA cited "reporting the Law enforcement operation as a 10636: 15306: 7214: 2864:

On 27 August, the TDF captured the town of Kobo, following the ENDF's withdrawal. Ethiopia and Eritrea subsequently announced an offensive in North Tigray on 1 September. On 13 September 2022, the TPLF said Eritrea had taken

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While the Tigray government claimed it only entered Afar to target federal forces, experts believe their aim was to sever a portion of National Highway A1, a vital trade route for landlocked Ethiopia, linking the capital of

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On 20 May 2022, Ethiopian law enforcement began arresting journalists en masse, with 4,500 people in the Amhara Region alone being taken into custody. One Amhara law enforcement official described this as a way to maintain

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In September 2021, the humanitarian situation continued to worsen in Tigray, Afar and Amhara Regions, due both to the armed conflict itself and due to bureaucratic obstruction. Two thousand displaced people returned to the

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By the summer of 2022, the government blockade of essential services to Tigray was still in place, and the humanitarian situation remained severe, with roughly 13 million people being in need of food aid. According to the

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After Ethiopian federal forces and their allies captured Mekelle and other major cities, forces loyal to the Tigray government began to regroup into mountainous areas of the region and reorganized under the banner of the

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Secretary of State Tony Blinken for the first time Wednesday used the term "ethnic cleansing" to describe human rights abuses he said have been carried out in the Western Tigray region of Ethiopia, calling the situation

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UNICEF stated that by the end of September 2022, around 574,000 more people in Afar, Amhara and Tigray were left displaced after fighting resumed in August 2022; they also reported that over 870,000 had become refugees.

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hit the country hard in the months following the war. Ethiopia had an average inflation rate of 30% in 2022, largely driven by food prices; in February 2023, the overall inflation rate reached 32%; by 12 September 2023

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Despite important steps towards peace and deescalation being made between the government and the TPLF, Amhara and Eritrean forces continued to launch attacks on Tigrayans in the months after the agreement was signed.

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In late October 2022, it was revealed that the Tigray Region was running out of medical supplies, with the CEO of their largest hospital saying it was "doomed to collapse soon". WHO officials stated that childhood

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The is mandated to 'conduct a thorough and impartial investigation into allegations of violations and abuses of international human rights law in Ethiopia committed since 3 November 2020 by all parties to the

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administrators were seen leaving, ahead of the occupation by the TDF. Shortly after hearing news of the TDF advance, the Ethiopian government declared an immediate unilateral ceasefire across the Tigray Region.

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over Tigray, as well as a weapons embargo against Ethiopia and Eritrea. Following these developments, the ENDF stated that it would not advance any deeper into the Tigray region. However, in January 2022, the

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On 1 November 2021, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed stated that "we should closely follow those who work for the enemy and live amongst us," as reports of a new roundup of ethnic Tigrayans came out of Addis Ababa.

2250:'s report on the massacre, calling it "transparently unprofessional" and "politically motivated" and accusing Amnesty of fabricating evidence. However, refugees also spoke of the EDF killing 80–150 people in 16001: 14891: 14132: 10408: 6762: 3719:, where many would die due to poor living conditions. Eritrean refugees faced similar risks, as, in addition to the traffickers, they also risked getting kidnapped by the Eritrean government. This situation 3179:

that Somali troops were sent to Tigray. Guld stated that the soldiers, aged from 20 to 30 years old, were secretly taken from Mogadishu and sent to Asmara for military training and that 370 had been killed.

10285: 8464: 4101:, it was estimated that maternal mortality rates had increased from 186 deaths per 100,000 people pre-war to 840 deaths per 100,000 people post-war. A health coordinator at the Tigray Health Bureau said to 16226: 12034: 11684: 10014: 4895: 4498: 14211: 9171: 6003: 9831: 5540:

Tigray statistics are mainly based, overestimates hunger mortality. Along with developing information on the ground, this would point to a total number of civilian deaths ranging from 162,000 to 378,000.

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Researchers found that groups use tactics such as "copy and paste" campaigns hosted on websites, which include instructions for opening new accounts, copying and pasting pre-written tweets, and tagging

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government, saying they were also in talks with other rebel groups to establish a "grand coalition". With the TDF advancing deeper into Amhara, various cities across the region began enforcing curfews.

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and Berhale in the Afar Region, within striking distance of Mekelle. On 27 September, an airstrike – allegedly carried out by Eritrea – struck the northern town of Adi Dairo while it was celebrating

2873:. A day later Ethiopian airstrikes on Mekelle killed at least ten people. By mid-September, reports emerged of Eritrea engaging in mass mobilization of the country's reservists to be sent to Tigray. 2620:

On 13 October, Getachew claimed fighting continued intensifying with "staggering" casualties. He also claimed clashes were taking place near Weldiya and that fighting had resumed in Afar, within the

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became a "daily" occurrence, with girls as young as 8 and women as old as 72 being raped, often in front of their families. A major humanitarian crisis developed as a result of the war, which led to

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Funeral service for the victims of the Mai Kadra massacre (1); Reported conflict incidents in the first 7 months of the war, including battles, ambushes, airstrikes, drone attacks and shelling. (2)

13035: 11801: 7031: 6206: 4803: 16433: 8950: 6484: 13130: 13004: 6792: 16084: 16030: 13399: 12334: 11241: 11112: 7174: 1763:. The TPLF, which had long dominated Ethiopian politics, refused to join this new party. After losing the election and being ousted from the federal government, TPLF officials relocated to the 17032: 16978: 12496: 11304: 10247: 10199: 10127: 7761: 16600: 13368: 9927: 9545: 8006: 7854: 3193:

published in January 2022 claimed Somali troops were involved and they had committed atrocities in Tigray. It was alleged that before the war began, Somali forces under the leadership of the

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groups used tactics similar to those of pro-Tigray groups to push their narrative of the conflict, though as of 5 February, pro-government campaigns had produced fewer Tweets overall. Both

15780: 13273: 12376: 11854: 11395: 6180: 4865: 15936: 15428: 12070: 9751: 9682: 8232: 6860: 6679: 5906: 15644: 12640: 10574: 9256: 9033: 7623: 6731: 4925: 2927:, and Zalambessa in the far north, with one aid worker saying it is the heaviest fighting since hostilities resumed. Later reports confirmed that Eritrea was intensifying its efforts to 15961: 10767: 9453: 6295: 5715:"Agreement for Lasting Peace through a Permanent Cessation of Hostilities between the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Tigray People's Liberation Front" 15341: 13306: 12841: 11981: 10886: 10626: 7462: 5526: 15802: 15740: 15401: 14843: 14802: 14467: 11572: 9800: 9571: 8148: 6264: 3600: 15296: 15195: 14061: 11490: 10671: 9328: 6423: 3989:

as a mediator, and agreed on "orderly, smooth and coordinated disarmament". The agreement was made effective the next day on 3 November, marking the two-year anniversary of the war.

2091:. Humera was shelled from the direction of the Eritrean–Ethiopian border for two days around 9–11 November. The ENDF gained control of the town one day later. Within the same month, 16160: 12183: 12138: 11889: 11632: 11597: 8643: 5395: 5350: 3461:

According to the UN, in March 2021, out of more than 260 health centres in Tigray before the war, only 31 were fully functional, while 7 were partially functional. According to the

2329:

young Eritrean men in revenge for having lost a battle against the EDF. On 18 February, unidentified militiamen ambushed a passenger bus in Adi Mesino, killing six and injuring 10.

10938: 10797: 10341: 9896: 7913: 5441: 2114:, Eritrea. The Chinese-made, armed drones bombed Tigrayan artillery and weapons depots. In the late hours of 13 November 2020, Tigray forces fired a rocket towards the airports of 10508: 9136: 8587: 8555: 8409: 7057: 6598: 12736: 11740: 10040: 7721: 7672: 1756:. The TPLF condemned the peace initiatives, saying they were hastily made, had "fundamental flaws", and also claimed it was decided on without consulting long-time TPLF members. 15219: 14699: 9090: 8676: 8346: 8122: 7698: 7141: 3394: 3352: 11950: 10912: 4082:

system of Tigray; of the 853 health facilities in the region, 86% were at least partially damaged; 232 of them were left "completely unusable", and 28 were destroyed entirely.

3122:

Since the war began, both regional and international powers have been actively involved in the conflict. A number of reports have been made alleging that China, Turkey and the

15261: 11451: 11208: 11176: 9729: 4467: 2901:, including Kobo, to be redeployed north to reinforce lines under heavy Eritrean attack but warned it would return if their southern border is threatened. Three days later, a 13485: 11710: 9234: 9201: 5796: 4754: 1974:

and a shutdown of government services in the Tigray Region. During the subsequent days, skirmishes continued and the Ethiopian federal parliament declared the creation of an

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Mitglieder der Agaw haben sich in ihrem Gebiet – zu dem auch Lalibela gehört – inzwischen sogar von Amhara unabhängig erklärt und eine Agaw Liberation Front (ALF) gegründet.

8803: 7436: 7215:"News: TPLF says Ethiopia's recent Eritrea, economy related decisions have "fundamental flaws"; calls for emergency meeting of the ruling EPRDF executive, council committee" 5631:

At around 23.30 on 3 November, I, and other soldiers, received text messages from our comrades at the base saying: 'We are surrounded. If you can come and rescue us, come.'

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Some articles state that the war began on 4 November; however, the earliest instances of fighting are reported to have taken place during the very late hours of 3 November,

4188:

have destroyed 241 houses and killed at least 111 people. by 30 December, it was estimated that Eritrean and Amhara forces killed 3,700 since the signing of the peace deal.

3146:'s order to withdraw all his forces from Tigray borders in December 2021, he mentioned "the drones provided by foreign powers" as a major factor that prompted his decision. 2713: 1578: 308: 16359: 15536: 14099: 13813: 11512: 7887: 6827: 3684:

administrators of Western Tigray used violence against ethnic Tigrayans and forcibly displaced them. Yabsira Eshetie, the administrator of the area, denied the claims. The

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Internal conflict in Ethiopia has driven more than 50,000 refugees into Sudan in just over a month, triggering a complex aid operation in an impoverished region of Sudan.

14122: 11020: 10994: 10477: 6388: 15667:"Ethiopia: UN says 20,000 refugees missing in Tigray which are believed to have been detained by Eritrean forces and forcibly sent back for punishment by the Government" 14254: 12695: 9604: 8912: 7402: 6116: 5774: 5685: 15283:

million people are now estimated to be displaced and food for nearly 100,000 refugees from Eritrea will be gone in a week, according to a new report released overnight.

15170: 14502: 12610: 12282: 11365: 11326: 10447: 5169: 1759:

On 1 December 2019, Abiy merged the ethnic and region-based parties of the EPRDF (which had governed Ethiopia for 28 years) and several opposition parties into his new

15046: 6536: 6141: 5956: 5413: 4724: 16755: 16561: 13153: 13069: 10736: 8526: 7496: 5714: 4834: 4388: 17998: 16309: 7083: 6701: 6629: 6462: 3438:

pumping systems have been out of order, and the status of 11,000 hand pumps in rural areas was unknown. Because of this, there was a heightened risk of outbreaks of

16209: 12459:"News: Ethiopia cautions to weigh its options, consider relations with unnamed "states and entities" making "unsubstantiated and politically motivated" accusations" 10400: 10225: 6754: 6568: 4572: 15476: 11050: 10277: 8454: 8439: 8058: 7642: 14335: 13761: 12026: 11676: 10071: 10006: 9101: 4887: 4490: 2517:

regions to join the war. Heavy fighting in western Afar displaced over 54,000 people, and resulted in the TDF reportedly capturing three districts in the region.

18194: 15674: 12766: 9652: 9626: 9515: 9161: 8617: 6025: 5987: 2609:, with a federal government blockade still preventing most aid from arriving. Meanwhile, the continued war prompted regional leaders, including Kenyan President 2491: 542: 13517: 12797: 12672: 12222: 11417: 10102: 9823: 7000: 4964: 4633: 3824:

has been heavily criticized for its perceived role in fuelling ethnic tensions during the war, and has faced accusations that, in choosing not to crack down on

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reported it could not verify the claims. On 19 January 2021, the Somali government denied the claim that Somali troops had fought in Tigray Region of Ethiopia.

17899: 14357: 12929: 11273: 8862: 8171: 6897: 4694: 3736: 2848:, had gotten involved as well. Exacerbating tensions were severe food shortages, an issue that remained unsolved have particularly affected the Tigray region. 16214:

With 16 journalists behind bars on the date of the annual census, Ethiopia tied with Eritrea as the year's worst jailers of journalists in sub-Saharan Africa.

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An aid worker from Axum who relocated to Shire this week fearing for his life said civilians were being killed by Eritrean forces there since at least Sunday.

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By the end of November 2020, around 44,000 people fled to Sudan. On 15 December 2020, four Sudanese soldiers were killed, and 27 others were injured near the

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of Tigray in order to settle a decades-old land dispute. They claim the area was taken from them by force in 1992 after TPLF forces overthrew the communist

2719:

On 22 November, Prime Minister Abiy stated that he will be leading the fight against the rebels from the battlefront after the TDF claimed to have captured

1593:, which went into effect the day after; Eritrea was not a party to the agreement, however, and they largely continued to occupy parts of Tigray as of 2023. 19337: 18461: 17991: 16676: 16074: 12012: 8210: 7788: 5207: 4411: 2602:, member of the central command of the TDF said both sides had been preparing for the offensive for months, and predicted that battle would be "decisive". 1963:, and other Northern Command bases. Several people were killed and the TPLF claimed the attack was carried out in self-defense or preemptive self-defense. 1694: 946: 15135: 11911: 9949: 9854: 6235: 4776: 16639: 15076: 14635: 13702: 13027: 11793: 8298: 7846: 7023: 6198: 4795: 3982:) in July–August 2021; and a March–August 2022 ceasefire wherein Ethiopian and Tigrayan officials attempted to negotiate a peaceful end to the conflict. 3159: 1569:(TDF) retook Mekelle; by July the same year, they had also advanced into the Amhara and Afar regions. In early November 2021, the TDF, together with the 14892:"Analysis: Tigray's largest hospital "doomed to collapse soon" due to lack of medical supplies, doctors warn as hospital death rate surpass ten percent" 8942: 6476: 6369: 2428:

reporter Vivienne Nunis characterised the ceasefire as an attempt by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed to save face, the government having little other option.

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in August 2023 that Eritrea was blocking off international aid to the area, and lamented that "there has been no improvement for us since the peace."

17022: 16968: 16621: 14967: 14730:"482 Resolution on the Fact-Finding Mission to the Tigray Region of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia – ACHPR/Res. 482 (EXT.OS/XXXII) 2021" 14441: 14028: 12488: 11296: 10191: 7811:"News: Tigray region says it will defy federal laws enacted as of Oct. 05; EDP calls for transitional gov't, inclusive dialogue & reconciliation" 7753: 7284: 3417: 2605:

The new offensive effectively ended the unilateral ceasefire declared by the federal government in June and further deepened fears of the developing

13360: 10192:"Statement by UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore on reported killing of hundreds of civilians, including children, in Afar, northern Ethiopia" 9919: 9537: 9066: 7998: 5116: 4663: 2130:, but the missiles missed. The Tigray government claimed these locations contained military terminals that served as bases to carry out airstrikes. 19362: 16785: 13230: 12819: 12541: 12399: 12304: 9766: 8320: 7458: 5643: 5488: 3742:"no mercy" if Tigray forces and residents remained intermingled. As of 2 February 2021, 20,000 of the Eritrean refugees in Tigray, mostly from the 3615: 2556:

On 9 September 2021, the Ethiopian government claimed Tigrayan forces had been "routed" and heavily defeated in the Afar Region. TPLF spokesperson

2005: 1210: 16461: 16125: 15730: 15449: 14927: 8740: 8379: 6081: 5876: 3907:" as an example of misleading information aiming to "undermin the government's efforts to address the humanitarian crisis in the Tigray region." 13452: 11387: 6431: 5595: 4857: 1128: 16489: 15922: 14909: 13198: 12056: 9743: 9674: 8770: 7590: 7560: 6852: 6669: 6166: 4449: 3277:

arguing that "Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's hate speech and calls for war" together with attacks by the ENDF and TPLF put Ethiopia into stages 4 (

1542:

After years of increased tensions and hostilities between the TPLF and the governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea, fighting began when TPLF forces

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like HIV, who face difficulty getting treatment due to a sense of shame, as well as the collapse of medical infrastructure caused by the war.

18658: 15331: 13298: 12572:"News: Tigrayan officials say peace agreement aims to "rescue people of Tigray", accuse Eritrean forces of continued atrocities on civilians" 10882: 8267: 5522: 5459: 3747: 3197:

had been stationed in trenches along the border. In December 2022, Somali National Army troops began returning from Eritrea back to Somalia.

2242:

On 28 and 29 November, witnesses and survivors, including refugees in Sudan, reported that the Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) carried out the

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in June 2023, that, according to their research, both maternal and infant mortality rates had regressed to the levels they were at in 2001.

3434:

and Shire, GOAL and IRC reported that 16.6% of children screened had acute malnutrition with 3.5% suffering from severe acute malnutrition.

18786: 16227:"Communiqué of the 38th extraordinary assembly of IGAD heads of state and government – Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti – 20th December 2020" 15899: 15551: 15185: 15104: 14051: 11476: 10663: 9324: 3966:

describing their eight pre-conditions for peace in February 2021; a mediation group called "A3+1", (consisting of three African countries,

2613:, to voice their concerns and urge peace, while US Secretary of State Blinken met with the AU envoy to Ethiopia, former Nigerian President 2310: 2061:, said it was the Amhara militia who were the perpetrators and Tigrayans who were the victims. Two days later, refugees interviewed by the 16150: 12175: 12130: 11881: 11622: 11589: 8639: 5381: 5342: 2712:

also made a call to arms. On 5 November, the TPLF, OLA and other rebel groups declared the creation of a nine-group coalition, called the

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by the fighting. More than 50,000 people have fled to Sudan due to the conflict. Communications and travel links were still blocked, and

1736:. On 2 April 2018, Ethiopian parliament elected Abiy as prime minister. One of Abiy's first actions after his election was to initiate a 1674: 1140: 1094: 421: 58: 10500: 9123: 8548: 8401: 7053: 6585: 3799:

have documented examples of old or manipulated photos, which misleadingly endorsed either the federal Ethiopian government or the TPLF.

3175:

2021,the former deputy chief of the Somali National Intelligence and Security Agency, Abdilsalan Guld, claimed based off sources in the

17280: 17177: 16601:"News: Despite data limitation from Tigray, Ministry estimates $ 1.4 b needed to restore war damaged health facilities across Ethiopia" 16234: 14158: 14089: 13421: 12728: 12368: 11732: 10036: 9351:"Ethiopia: Militant attack on passenger bus near Adi Mesino, Tigray Region, leaves at least six people dead, 10 others injured Feb. 18" 7946: 7877: 7664: 6654: 3951: 3882: 2695: 1772: 41: 15209: 13913: 8665: 8114: 7694: 7131: 19357: 19008: 18492: 18292: 17531: 17354: 16323: 11942: 10908: 5504:

Independent scholars, based at Ghent University in Belgium, suggest that the death toll in Tigray is now between 385,000 and 600,000.

5263:[Video: Defense forces shoot down an Ethiopian military helicopter and open a new battle front in “East Kojam” governorate]. 4463: 4001: 3816: 3374:, and girls – some as young as 14 – were identified as victims of rape in the towns of Chenna and Kobo in August and September 2021. 1971: 408: 239: 16736: 14610: 14244: 13338: 11441: 11198: 11166: 9721: 2812: 1801:

Throughout 2020, tensions between the federal government and the TPLF escalated in the months leading up to November. In March, the

19231: 17165: 13481: 11973: 11706: 9226: 9193: 7942: 4746: 3246: 2869:. The town's capture by Eritrea and the fighting in nearby areas displaced around 210,000 people, most of whom fled to the city of 2041:

with machetes and knives used by local militias and police that were loyal to the TPLF, according to preliminary investigations by

1870: 1652:. It also inflicted immense economic damage on the region, with the cost of rebuilding alone estimated to be roughly $ 20 billion. 939: 15594: 15396: 14761: 8792: 7428: 2943:, it is likely that 100,000 people had been killed over the preceding few weeks, and alleged that Eritrea and Ethiopia were using 19168: 18872: 15234: 11520: 6817: 3130:. As early as December 2020, there were unconfirmed rumors that Emirati drones were being stationed in the Eritrean port city of 1135: 18091: 17614: 16865:

Ahmed, Ayman; Ali, Yousif; Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar; Hamed, Jehan; Mohamed, Nouh S.; Khairy, Amna; Zinsstag, Jakob (August 2022).

15976: 14328:"Ethiopia: Persistent, credible reports of grave violations in Tigray underscore urgent need for human rights access – Bachelet" 12898: 9476: 6957: 6619: 3366:

Often, soldiers, and militias subjected Tigrayan women and girls, including pregnant women and young girls, to rape, gang rape,

3294: 2700:

On 2 November 2021, as the counter-offensive came deeper into federal-controlled territory, the Ethiopian government declared a

2683: 18668: 17404: 17149: 16054: 16006: 15570: 14739: 12252: 11016: 10990: 10627:"Update: Amhara State Council declares emergency, including region wide-curfew, suspension of activities by state institutions" 10469: 4249: 3881:

The Ethiopian government had engaged in repeated crackdowns on media coverage throughout the war. In November 2021 (during the

3629:

In November 2020, Amhara Region Special Forces and Amhara militias loyal to the Amhara regional government took control of the

3102: 1745: 1680: 1666: 1577:, and the TPLF stated that it considered "marching on ." Together with seven smaller rebel groups, the TPLF and OLA declared a 1121: 16377: 15429:"News: Over half a million people newly displaced in Tigray, Afar and Amhara since militarized conflict resumed in August: UN" 13484:['Hawzen residents are burying Tigray war victims en masse' reports Heather Murdoch] (in Tigrinya). Voice of America. 12274: 9707: 9594: 8904: 8884: 6106: 5677: 2317:. During this time, a violently enforced curfew was set up by Ethiopian forces along with Eritrean soldiers. According to the 19387: 19377: 19372: 18889: 17876: 17208: 16106: 15833: 15160: 12602: 11357: 10431: 9417: 9297: 9131: 6593: 4716: 3252: 2897:, killing at least six civilians and injured 19 more. On 2 October, the TPLF announced it had withdrawn troops from Amhara's 2318: 17859: 15666: 15038: 14997: 13665: 12872: 12153: 12107: 12085: 11831: 11771: 11654: 10968: 10857: 10827: 10604: 10315: 10169: 9984: 8836: 8709: 7351: 7314: 6935: 6882: 6546: 6133: 5936: 5560: 5409: 5320: 5090: 5018: 3339: 19367: 18628: 18601: 18440: 17328: 17097: 13161: 13061: 10732: 8510: 7488: 5725: 4826: 4384: 3904: 3302:

against Tigrayans occurred during the Tigray war, with Ethiopians of Tigrayan ethnicity being put on indefinite leave from

3064: 1861: 1203: 1035: 1030: 1020: 16299: 15803:"From Basma to Ethiopia – How C2FC is Using Lethal Journalism to Conduct Information Warfare and Lawfare against Ethiopia" 7079: 6693: 6452: 2569: 19382: 19352: 18330: 18274: 18212: 17940: 17812: 17751: 17430: 17349: 17250: 17182: 16199: 14387:"'We're here to make you HIV positive': Hundreds of women rush to Tigray hospitals as soldiers use rape as weapon of war" 13638: 13616: 10221: 6560: 5238: 5146: 4564: 3398: 2982: 2876: 2784: 1956: 1942: 1901: 1892: 1802: 1718: 1590: 1543: 1536: 1474: 1417: 1237: 1072: 932: 329: 227: 220: 16658: 14534:"Ethiopia: "I don't know if they realized I was a person": Rape and sexual violence in the conflict in Tigray, Ethiopia" 11042: 10248:"As the conflict expand in Amhara region, major cities in the region enforce curfews limiting vehicles, human movements" 8431: 8054: 7638: 6324: 2723:, saying; "We are now in the final stages of saving Ethiopia." Many countries also urged citizens to leave the country. 2325:

over 200 people were killed and the town was left deserted. The Ethiopian government denied involvement in the killing.

19257: 18505: 14327: 10063: 5746: 3872: 3507: 15866: 14285: 12758: 12519: 11542: 9648: 9618: 9507: 8613: 6017: 5626: 2967:, even as peace talks with the TPLF were about to commence in South Africa. Witnesses from a number of towns told the 2823:

started to break down, with both the Ethiopian government and the TPLF accusing each other of refusing to make peace.

1959:

the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) Northern Command headquarters in Mekelle, the Fifth Battalion barracks in

18702: 18384: 18028: 17844: 17638: 17619: 17526: 17477: 16002:"Facebook accused by survivors of letting activists incite ethnic massacres with hate and misinformation in Ethiopia" 14695: 14184: 13887: 13732: 13507: 12789: 12662: 12206: 10094: 6984: 6393: 4948: 4625: 3955: 3390: 3328: 3025:

The intensity of the war led to spillover effects on the surrounding countries in the region, particularly in Sudan.

2701: 2046: 1975: 1645: 11263: 8858: 8290: 4686: 3158:. There have been unconfirmed reports of Somali troops being sent from a secret training base in Eritrea run by the 18922: 18673: 18322: 18312: 17894: 17472: 17203: 16204: 12434: 10694: 8495: 5840: 3979: 3924: 3531: 3176: 1896:

from taking up his military post. The same day before the Tigray forces launched the Northern Command attacks, the

1737: 1547: 643: 639: 366: 18638: 15977:"Facebook knew it was being used to incite violence in Ethiopia. It did little to stop the spread, documents show" 15364: 12962: 4153:

to Ethiopia (citing reports of human rights abuses), a decision they would maintain until the end of the war. The

19347: 19342: 18879: 18753: 17311: 17161: 13184: 11221:'We decided to withdraw from these areas to Tigray. We want to open the door to humanitarian aid,' Getachew said. 8980: 2800: 2704:, which envisages the possibility to arrest and detain critics of the government without a court warrant, impose 2540:

declared themselves independent from the Amhara Region and formed the Agew Liberation Front (ALF). The next day,

1966:

In retaliation, an Ethiopian offensive was launched on 4 November, which was accompanied by the declaration of a

1865: 1806: 1196: 1062: 957: 12004: 8202: 7784: 5489:"Surge of dehumanizing hate speech points to mounting risk of mass atrocities in northern Ethiopia, experts say" 5199: 3715:

upon arrival. Many refugees had testified being kidnapped, regularly tortured, and transported to warehouses in

1978:. Ethiopian offensives in the north were accompanied with airstrikes and several towns and cities were retaken. 19028: 18884: 18860: 18680: 18400: 17822: 17547: 13100: 9056: 4094: 3378: 3234: 3127: 2836: 2628:

districts near the Amhara border. A humanitarian worker citing witnesses said the EDF were fighting the TDF in

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total, 27 civilians were killed and 100 others were injured. The Tigray government vowed to continue fighting.

1897: 1818: 1484: 1079: 1067: 127: 3487: 19138: 19119: 18993: 18899: 18838: 18748: 18733: 18485: 17285: 17228: 17218: 17139: 16715: 16562:"News: Newborn mortality rising in Tigray's Seharti Samre district, officials urge nutritional food supplies" 16284: 9382:"Tigray Defense Forces Resist Ethiopian Army Offensive as Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethnic Militias Enter the Fray" 8369: 6353: 3557: 2732: 2436:, some 140 kilometres (87 mi) northwest of Mekelle, after it had been abandoned by Eritrean troops. The 1913: 1882: 1845: 1829: 1810: 1796: 1792: 1581:

aiming to "dismantle Abiy's government by force or by negotiations, and then form a transitional authority."

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Internationally the Tigray war received less coverage compared to other conflicts taking place at the time.

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United Nations Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict

8233:"Ethiopia: Investigation reveals evidence that scores of civilians were killed in massacre in Tigray state" 4986: 3720: 3592: 3427: 3215: 3211: 3039: 2294: 2102:

Offensives of joint ENDF-Amhara Region-Eritrean forces into Tigray were facilitated by the intervention of

1722: 1670: 1601: 1380: 971: 874: 16434:"Ethiopia: Tepid international response to Tigray conflict fuels horrific violations over past six months" 14959: 14018: 7276: 4164:

in January 2023, expressing lower confidence that the Ethiopian government would be able to pay off their

1701:

parties. The founding and most influential member was the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), led by

19163: 19148: 19114: 18405: 18347: 18235: 17974: 17887: 17552: 17316: 17306: 17275: 9422: 9302: 5112: 4655: 4048: 3698: 3685: 3575: 3074: 3020: 2788: 2641: 2625: 2598:

tanks, helicopters, heavy artillery, warplanes, and drones according to the Tigrayan government. General

1274: 200: 196: 139: 15889: 13992: 7107:"After 20-year military standoff, Ethiopia and Eritrea agree to normalize ties in historic breakthrough" 3680:, then leader of the federal-government-appointed Transitional Government of Tigray, stated that Amhara 3202:

Eritrea had never participated in the Tigray war and observed that all troops had returned to Somalia.

1728:

On 28 March 2018, in a closed-door election to chair the EPRDF, executive committee members elected the

19302: 19297: 19292: 19074: 18867: 18803: 18758: 18738: 18663: 18611: 18141: 17935: 17827: 17242: 17144: 9028: 8732: 5343:"HC a.i. statement on the killing of 23 aid workers in the Tigray region since the start of the crisis" 4244: 3950:

were made involving some of the main groups involved in the war. Of these, this includes: an emergency

3402: 2936: 2919:

On 10 October, the TPLF claimed that Eritrea was escalating its offensive, sending more forces towards

2902: 2758:; however, he claimed this was a strategic withdrawal, which was "part of their plan". On 12 December, 2437: 2268: 1926: 1836: 1753: 1706: 1555: 1489: 1160: 1116: 993: 17: 8092: 2737: 19317: 19312: 19307: 19089: 19018: 18980: 18843: 18793: 18743: 18606: 18184: 18116: 16406:"Hundreds March in Washington to Denounce Ethiopian Government on 1st Anniversary of Tigray Conflict" 16059: 15697: 13939: 11327:"Ethiopia: At least 56 killed in Tigray air strike on camp for internally displaced, aid workers say" 8762: 7582: 7552: 5432:"Nearly half the people in Ethiopia's Tigray in 'severe' need of food aid, World Food Programme says" 5261:"فيديو : قوات دفاع تجراى تسقط مروحية عسكرية اثيوبية وتفتح جبهة قتال جديدة فى محافظة "شرق كوجام"" 4441: 4196: 3959: 3462: 3052: 3044: 2988: 2621: 2231: 1550:(ENDF), alongside a number of other bases in Tigray. The ENDF counterattacked from the south – while 1150: 13689:

The American report is not the first accusation of ethnic cleansing since the Tigray crisis erupted.

8172:"News Alert: House of Federation adopts resolution to establish a transitional government in Tigray" 7239:"Analysis | Ethiopia's prime minister wants to change the ruling coalition. Who's getting left out?" 4199:

was occupied by Eritrea. Irob advocacy groups and former residents have described it as a "de-facto

4053:

The Tigray war has been the subject of numerous reactions and protests, both locally and worldwide.

3619:

Internal migration due to the Tigray war; red is a decrease in population while green is an increase

3261:

via ethnic cleansing of Tigrayans. The Ethiopian and Eritrean governments have also been accused of

19332: 19327: 19322: 19126: 19079: 19069: 19038: 18773: 18697: 18556: 18478: 18207: 18133: 18101: 17849: 17127: 17090: 16075:"Ethiopian media regulator threatens to expel BBC, Reuters, CNN and AP for 'assisting' TPLF agenda" 15262:"More than a million displaced in Tigray as Ethiopian PM warns of 'final' offensive against region" 15021:"More than two million children in Ethiopia's Tigray region cut off from humanitarian aid, UN says" 12061: 4656:"The Sidama National Liberation Front to Join the Coalition of Resistance by the Federalist Forces" 3912: 3334: 2502: 2348: 2263: 2139: 1768: 147: 17062: 17057: 17052: 16582: 13814:"Ethiopian patriarch pleads for international help to stop rape and genocide by government troops" 13539: 10128:"Tigrayan forces take control of Ethiopian town Lalibela, a UN World Heritage Site – eyewitnesses" 8259: 6644: 5941:

Mr Abiy said the army was in full control and that this "marks the completion of the last phase".

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On 2 November 2022, the Ethiopian government and Tigrayan leaders signed a peace accord, with the

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it. A military spokesperson for Ethiopia, Colonel Dejene Tsegaye, announced that Mekelle would be

19131: 19013: 19003: 18975: 18927: 18904: 18618: 18593: 18357: 18068: 18038: 17904: 17791: 17690: 17487: 15702: 7882: 7375:"'Game over'? Abiy Ahmed, the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front and Ethiopia's political crisis" 5971: 5733:

This Agreement shall come into effect at 00:00 hours East Africa Time (EAT) on 3rd November 2022.

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in Addis Ababa. All parties to the conflict have been accused by USAID of looting aid shipments.

3491:

The percentage of people in need reached with food aid as of 31 May 2021. White=0% and Black=100%

3347: 3258: 3143: 2928: 2831: 2401: 2356:

Fighting intensified in early April; by this point, the TDF was in control of the rural areas of

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Less than a month earlier, the group mounted an unprecedented invasion of neighbouring Ethiopia.

5170:"Tigray Rebels Down Jet, Capture Pilot, One Day After Ethiopian Prime Minister Declares Victory" 4491:"Ethiopian anti-government alliance says plans to dismantle government by force or negotiations" 2285: 19109: 18850: 18578: 18269: 18202: 17741: 17705: 17658: 17384: 17344: 17290: 17223: 13440:

VOA Somali was not able to find any evidence that Somali soldiers were ever deployed to Tigray.

13328: 9162:"'Many hundreds' killed by Eritrean soldiers in Ethiopian massacre, Amnesty International says" 5957:"Ethiopia: 'We are in our homeland, the invaders are attacking us,' says Tigray's Gebremichael" 4066: 3941: 3767: 3282: 2914: 2856: 2226: 1991: 1729: 1637: 1586: 1528: 1407: 1370: 1323: 1291: 1106: 1101: 983: 8336:"After the bombs they attacked with knives, claim Ethiopians fleeing peace prize winner's war" 5854: 2461:

from Amhara forces. A TDF offensive starting on 12 July resulted in Tigrayan forces capturing

19143: 19084: 19043: 18894: 18855: 18798: 18712: 18352: 18335: 18317: 17710: 17482: 17260: 17156: 17069: 16438: 8088: 6427: 3828:

being spread by Ethiopian users, it is complicit in cases of ethnic cleansing in the country.

3711:

Some Tigrayans who fled to Sudan as refugees would later find themselves victimized again by

3642: 3587:

had become a major centre for internally displaced people and humanitarian aid distribution.

2462: 2247: 2215: 2123: 2042: 1605: 1570: 1566: 1375: 1247: 1015: 749: 737: 530: 343: 16824: 15134: 14585:"Ethiopia: Tigrayan forces murder, rape and pillage in attacks on civilians in Amhara towns" 13966:"Ethiopia: Tigrayan forces murder, rape and pillage in attacks on civilians in Amhara towns" 10401:"Ethiopian army starts ground attack on rebellious Tigray forces – regional party spokesman" 7935: 6507:"Ethiopia: Tigrayan forces murder, rape and pillage in attacks on civilians in Amhara towns" 2378:

Tigray, a stance which was considered likely to inflame Amhara-Tigray territorial disputes.

19221: 19206: 19158: 19023: 18914: 18826: 18763: 18633: 18521: 16622:"Ethiopia's domestic debt skyrockets, raising concerns over government borrowing practices" 15604: 15214: 15210:"Statement by Executive Director of WFP on seizure of humanitarian fuel supplies in Tigray" 14533: 14503:"Ethiopia: Troops and militia rape, abduct women and girls in Tigray conflict – new report" 14094: 11485: 7668: 7459:"Diaspora Protesters in US, Canada Back Ethiopian Government's Handling of Tigray Conflict" 7136: 6176: 5907:"Ethiopia says military operation in Tigray region is over, hunt for Tigray leaders begins" 4154: 3963: 3876: 3789: 3515: 3308: 3155: 3123: 2860:

A map showing the Ethiopian-allied forces' Tigray offensive, 1 September – 3 November 2022.

2819: 2458: 2369: 2196:, and told Tigray civilians to flee the city because Ethiopian forces would show no mercy. 2107: 2096: 1710: 1690: 1392: 1089: 1084: 924: 891: 249: 17983: 14309: 10370:"Airstrikes against Tigrayan forces intensify in Ethiopia's Amhara region -TPLF spokesman" 5062:"The Largest War in the World: Hundreds of Thousands Killed in Ethiopia's Tigray Conflict" 233:

Second agreement for implementing the peace deal signed by both parties (12 November 2022)

8: 19287: 19250: 19183: 19094: 19033: 18963: 18932: 18781: 18725: 18648: 18623: 18546: 18513: 18435: 18245: 17965: 17668: 17321: 17083: 15775: 15735: 15450:"Ethiopia – Tigray Region Humanitarian Update Situation Report, 13 March 2021 – Ethiopia" 14056: 11859: 7111: 5586:"Inside a military base in Ethiopia's Tigray: soldiers decry betrayal by former comrades" 4256: 3774: 3724: 3638: 3439: 3237:, with evidence of unlawful killings, torture and sexual violence being widely reported. 3034: 2870: 2780: 2709: 2599: 2578: 2433: 2414: 2193: 2157: 1857: 1814: 1748:. While this decision was considered a cause of celebration at the time, many within the 1686: 1641: 1333: 1177: 1047: 976: 654: 584: 16490:"News: Two-year war leaves 86% of Tigray's healthcare facilities devastated: new report" 8432:"Ethiopian state TV says 70 graves found town of Humera in Tigray region after conflict" 6105:

Parivicini, Giulia; Flick, Maggie (11 August 2021). Giles Elgood; Mark Heinrich (eds.).

1955:

Just before midnight on 3 November 2020, Tigray Special Forces and allied local militia

19104: 18998: 18536: 18096: 17796: 17761: 17653: 17046: 16955: 16899: 16866: 16853: 16466: 16155: 15670: 14928:"Millions of children in Tigray remain out of reach, despite access agreement – UNICEF" 14765: 12813: 11627: 11418:"Ethiopia PM says committee looking into possibility of peace talks with Tigray rebels" 11203: 11171: 10793: 9725: 9599: 8374: 8314: 7169: 6389:"Rapid Investigation into Grave Human Rights Violation Maikadra - Preliminary Findings" 5494: 5038: 4262: 3929: 3804: 3630: 3579: 3360: 3303: 3189: 3142:

in December 2021 was partly attributed to the drones supplied by Ethiopia's allies. In

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began launching a bombing campaign in the Tigray Region, killing 108 people, including

2103: 2075: 2038: 1987: 1967: 1841: 1698: 1633: 1462: 1427: 1318: 716: 204: 135: 16935: 7754:"Journalists Say They Were Barred from Traveling to Cover Ethiopian Regional Election" 2905:

hit Adi Dairo, killing between 50 and 65 people according to aid workers in the town.

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Jackson, Jasper; Kassa, Lucy; Hall, Kathleen; Zelalem, Zecharias (20 February 2022).

14394: 14245:"U.N. Fears Ethiopia Purging Ethnic Tigrayan Officers From Its Peacekeeping Missions" 13673: 13392:"Somali troops committed atrocities in Tigray as new alliance emerged, survivors say" 12696:"The unintended consequence of Ethiopia's civil war might be a border war with Sudan" 12435:"Peace talks aimed at ending Ethiopia's deadly Tigray conflict begin in South Africa" 12342: 12214: 11647:"Ethiopia's Tigray war: Tedros Ghebreyesus unable to send money to 'starving' family" 10702: 10439: 9862: 8988: 8518: 7847:"Eritrea's Role in Ethiopia's Conflict and the Fate of Eritrean Refugees in Ethiopia" 7394: 7246: 6992: 6905: 6457: 6361: 6018:"Ethiopia's government announce ceasefire as Tigrayan troops retake region's capital" 5995: 4956: 4306: 3712: 3625:

War crimes in the Tigray War § Ethnic cleansing of Tigrayans in the Western Zone

3548: 2944: 2924: 2614: 2586: 2549: 2410: 2374: 2302: 2255: 2246:

of about 720 to 800 civilians. The Eritrean government stated that it was angered by

2115: 1849: 1828:, rejected these measures, arguing that they were unconstitutional, and held its own 1573:(OLA), took control of several towns on the highway south from Tigray Region towards 1442: 1338: 1328: 1252: 506: 143: 15580: 15529:"'I saw many bodies': having escaped one conflict, Tigray refugees face new terrors" 15077:"U.S. agency says Tigrayan forces looted aid warehouses in Ethiopia's Amhara region" 14729: 12244: 12027:"More than 50 killed in northern Ethiopia air strike -aid workers and Tigray forces" 11764:"Ethiopia's Tigray war: Satellite images capture troop build-up near Eritrea border" 10597:"Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: PM Abiy calls on citizens to take up arms against rebels" 10007:"Djiboutian troops close in to Ethiopia as TDF allegedly targets transport corridor" 4777:"African Union: Agreement reached on permanent cessation of hostilities in Ethiopia" 1809:– originally scheduled for 29 August 2020 – to a then-undetermined date, due to the 82: 19099: 18583: 18573: 18541: 18531: 17864: 17771: 17685: 17255: 17213: 17132: 16999: 16931: 16894: 16878: 16837: 16756:"Ethiopia Peace Process Undermined as Eritrean Forces Continue Attacking Civilians" 16521: 16410: 16304: 16130: 15952:"Facebook is under new scrutiny for it's [sic] role in Ethiopia's conflict" 15640: 15369: 15239: 15190: 14636:"Tigray rebels gang-raped women and girls in Ethiopia conflict, says Amnesty Int'l" 14472: 13512: 13426: 12700: 12066: 11446: 9699: 8876: 7757: 7386: 6541: 4534: 4323: 4290: 4239: 4134:

had increased by 6%, reaching a debt total of roughly $ 60.6 billion (3.3 trillion

4090: 3743: 3299: 3198: 2969: 2898: 2726: 2582: 2526: 2337: 1995: 1947: 1760: 1625: 1437: 1350: 1242: 1057: 1052: 913: 897: 17004: 16987: 16778:"Eritrean dictator emerges as Horn of Africa's biggest winner after Ethiopian war" 15825: 12086:"Eritreans hunted down as military call-up intensifies over Ethiopia's Tigray war" 8402:"Situation of Civilians in Humera, Dansha, and Bissober – Brief Monitoring Report" 3885:), the Ethiopian Media Authority (EMA) threatened to cancel the media licences of 2741:

A map showing the ENDF's National Unity offensive, 26 November – 23 December 2021.

2254:

on 30 November, as part of a larger series of extrajudicial killings known as the

1856:

In late September 2020, the TPLF stated that the constitutional term limit of the

18588: 18121: 17781: 17746: 17736: 17680: 17270: 16973: 16822:

Afriyie, Frederick Appiah; Ayangbah, Shirley; Effah, Kwaku Obeng (13 July 2023).

16800: 16510:"Maternal mortality during war time in Tigray, Ethiopia: A community-based study" 16341: 15856: 15141: 14989: 14212:"Exclusive: Ethiopia says disarms Tigrayan peacekeepers in Somalia over security" 13839: 13787: 13590: 13564: 12864: 12161: 12115: 12093: 11823: 11763: 11646: 10960: 10849: 10819: 10596: 10307: 10159: 9980: 8828: 8701: 8341: 8291:"Ethiopians fleeing to Sudan describe air strikes and machete killings in Tigray" 7343: 7306: 6927: 6874: 6755:"'Like I wasn't a person': Ethiopian forces accused of systematic rape in Tigray" 6649: 5928: 5616: 5552: 5312: 5082: 5008: 4234: 4131: 3126:

were all providing military support for the Ethiopian government via the sale of

2973:

that Eritrean forces were regularly killing civilians between 23 and 29 October.

2940: 2890: 2396: 2298: 2063: 2051: 1617: 1447: 1412: 1402: 1345: 1264: 518: 131: 16918: 14990:"Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: About 2.3 million children cut off from aid, UN says" 12633:"Looting, forced removals plague Ethiopia's Tigray despite truce, witnesses say" 8943:"Ethiopia is fighting 'difficult and tiresome' guerrilla war in Tigray, says PM" 8877:"Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: Mekelle hospital struggling after attack – Red Cross" 7720:

Paravicini, Giulia (17 December 2020). George Obulutsa; William Maclean (eds.).

3257:

Many sources have accused the Ethiopian and Eritrean governments of engaging in

2474: 1951:

A map showing the Ethiopian-allied forces' Tigray offensive, 4–28 November 2020.

1877:, as part of an alleged pact between Prime Minister Abiy and Eritrean President 1752:

were heavily critical of this, seeing it as a betrayal of those who died in the

19200: 18985: 18947: 18300: 18164: 18159: 17503: 17027: 16566: 16180: 16055:"Eighteen journalists arrested in Ethiopia, two facing possible death sentence" 15894: 15481: 15165: 15042: 14249: 12154:"Ethiopia's Tigray conflict: Civilian bloodbath warning as offensive escalates" 11046: 10631: 8488:""Dying by blood or by hunger": The war in Ethiopia's Tigray region, explained" 8459: 7815: 7722:"Ethiopia bars journalists from flying to Tigray regional vote, passengers say" 7618: 7219: 5833:""Dying by blood or by hunger": The war in Ethiopia's Tigray region, explained" 4150: 4146: 4135: 4103: 4086: 4071: 3919: 3496: 3367: 3356: 3278: 3273: 3266: 3090: 3082: 2920: 2845: 2792: 2647: 2610: 2506: 2365: 2188:. On 23 November, Ethiopian forces reached the regional capital of Mekelle and 2119: 2080: 1878: 1155: 1042: 1003: 681: 596: 470: 16841: 16801:"Ethiopia war in Tigray: Eritrean soldiers accused of rape despite peace deal" 16360:"Ethiopian PM appoints TPLF official as head of Tigray interim administration" 13914:"Ethiopia vowed to wipe out Tigrayan people "for 100 years," EU official says" 6477:"Tigray forces killed 120 civilians in village in Amhara - Ethiopia officials" 5230: 5138: 1725:

within the public, fueled by a reaction to 27 years of repressive governance.

19281: 19191: 18568: 18261: 18222: 18176: 18111: 18083: 17786: 17756: 17731: 17700: 17695: 17443: 17419: 17013: 16969:"Hate Speech on Facebook Is Pushing Ethiopia Dangerously Close to a Genocide" 16943: 16890: 16849: 16535: 16265:"Ethiopia's regional Tigray forces name conditions for peace with government" 15571:"Sudan crisis traps Ethiopians displaced by Tigray war between two conflicts" 14398: 13677: 13666:"Ethiopia's War Leads to Ethnic Cleansing in Tigray Region, U.S. Report Says" 13457: 13268: 13203: 13123:"Expert: No Evidence UAE Drones Are Being Used in Ethiopia's Tigray Conflict" 13028:"EXCLUSIVE U.S. concerned over Turkey's drone sales to conflict-hit Ethiopia" 12346: 12218: 11794:"Ten killed in air strikes on capital of Ethiopia's Tigray region - hospital" 11358:"Ethiopia frees opposition leaders from prison, announces political dialogue" 11073:"Witnesses say Tigrayan forces in Ethiopia retook Lalibela, UN Heritage site" 10706: 10443: 10278:"Ethiopia says Tigrayan forces beaten in Afar, Tigrayans say they redeployed" 9866: 9094:[Ethiopia: 'In Axum, I helped transport more than 300 dead bodies']. 8992: 8702:"Ethiopia crisis: Tigray leader vows to keep fighting as government advances" 8522: 7523:"Tigray peace talks begin in South Africa but hopes low for halt to fighting" 7398: 7250: 7165:"Surprise summit in militaristic Eritrea could bring peace to Horn of Africa" 6996: 6909: 6365: 5999: 4960: 4343: 4267: 4226: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4111: 3997: 3986: 3947: 3928:

described both Ethiopia and Eritrea as the worst "jailers of journalists" in

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in the intervening years, Ethiopia and the Tigrayan rebel forces agreed to a

1520: 1452: 1422: 1397: 1365: 1360: 1170: 792: 711: 608: 494: 324: 180: 176: 17869: 17817: 16526: 16509: 14121:

Cawthorne, Andrew; Flick, Maggie (13 November 2020). William Maclean (ed.).

11912:"Tigrayan forces accuse Eritrea of launching full-scale offensive on border" 9096: 8260:"Refugees flee Ethiopia's brutal war with tales of atrocities on both sides" 6645:"Refugees flee Ethiopia's brutal war with tales of atrocities on both sides" 5877:"Concern of Outright War in Ethiopia Grows as PM Presses Military Offensive" 2453:

A map showing the TDF's Gondar-Bahir Dar offensive, 6 July – 20 August 2021.

1717:(SEPDM), a coalition member. On 15 February 2018, Hailemariam announced his 1479: 17766: 16951: 16908: 16882: 16867:"Hepatitis E Virus Outbreak among Tigray War Refugees from Ethiopia, Sudan" 16543: 16010: 15981: 15931: 15927: 15724: 15722: 15720: 15501: 12999: 12511: 12404: 11534: 11139: 10569: 10535:"Ethiopian attack in two northern regions intensifies, Tigrayan forces say" 9508:"Young men take up arms in northern Ethiopia as atrocities fuel insurgency" 8203:"Several injured in airstrikes on Tigray capital, humanitarian source says" 7842: 7390: 6898:"Analysis | Why is Ethiopia in upheaval? This brief history explains a lot" 6624: 6171: 6086: 6052:"Tigrayan and Oromo forces say they have seized towns on Ethiopian highway" 5644:"Ethiopia war: UN investigative Human rights commission debuts 6-day visit" 4827:"Warring parties in Ethiopia agree on 'permanent cessation of hostilities'" 4205: 4118: 3654: 3315: 3004: 2306: 2273: 2189: 2069: 1885: 1702: 1561:

described as a "law enforcement operation". Federal allied forces captured

1432: 869:

killed, 2,300 injured, 2,000 captured (Early 2021 Ethiopian military claim)

482: 458: 15890:"These old images do not show recent protests in Ethiopia's Tigray region" 15731:"Ethiopia's cracking down in Tigray. But activists are spreading the news" 14052:"Ethiopia Airlines accused of ethnic profiling over civil war with Tigray" 13565:"Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: Report says war crimes may have been committed" 10850:"Ethiopia's Haile Gebrselassie and Feyisa Lilesa ready to join Tigray war" 9194:"Clandestine Training of Somali Forces in Eritrea Stirs Families' Concern" 8640:"Rockets fired from Ethiopia's Tigray hit Eritrean capital, diplomats say" 4595:"Leaked EU Diplomatic Cable: Delegation of the European Union to Ethiopia" 4412:"Three more regions reinforce Ethiopia army, Amhara against Tigray forces" 4110:

According to Tigrayan health official Tsegay Gidey, 81% of mothers in the

3377:

After being subjected to sexual violence, many women become infected with

2959:

in the south. By 22 October, ENDF and EDF-allied forces had also captured

18060: 17456: 16079: 16031:"Oversight Board raises alarm over Facebook's role in Ethiopian conflict" 15826:"Ethiopia: Diaspora Community to Debunk Fake News Using Mainstream Media" 15631:"Ethiopian government begins offensive in Tigray capital city of Mekelle" 14963: 14310:"Ethiopia's Tigray war: 'I'm not even sure if my family is alive or not'" 13788:"Tigray crisis: 'Genocidal war' waged in Ethiopia region, says ex-leader" 13299:"Somalia rejects claims hundreds of its soldiers died fighting in Tigray" 13264:"Ex-spy chief claims hundreds of Somali soldiers killed in Tigray region" 7344:"Tigray crisis: Ethiopia orders military response after army base seized" 7132:"The giddy excitement that marked Ethiopia and Eritrea's historic summit" 6325:"'You don't belong': land dispute drives new exodus in Ethiopia's Tigray" 5009:"Ethiopia civil war: Hyenas scavenge on corpses as Tigray forces retreat" 4079: 4004:, and the Ethiopian parliament removed the TPLF from its terrorism list. 3825: 3596: 3574:

In December 2020, the UN estimated more than one million people had been

3470: 3112: 2992: 2775: 2720: 2537: 2522: 2498: 2203: 1574: 988: 620: 184: 16825:"Diagnosing Ethiopia's Tigray War: Reverberations in the Horn of Africa" 15717: 14358:"Men forced to rape family members in Ethiopia's Tigray region, says UN" 13453:"Advisor: Eritrean-trained Somali soldiers did not cross over to Tigray" 13026:

Spicer, Jonathan; Paravicini, Giulia; Coskun, Orhan (22 December 2021).

9744:"Ethiopia says army can re-enter seized Tigray capital Mekelle in weeks" 8829:"Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: PM gives Tigray forces 72 hours to surrender" 5797:"Exclusive: U.S. thinks Eritrea has joined Ethiopian war, diplomats say" 5617:"Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: How a soldier survived an 11-hour gun battle" 5523:"Updated assessment of civilian starvation deaths during the Tigray war" 4016: 3835: 3043:

Map showing refugee camp locations. Thousands of people fled across the

2661:

A map showing the TDF–OLA joint offensive, 16 October – 1 December 2021.

19153: 18690: 18653: 17023:"Ethiopia Will Explode if It Doesn't Move Beyond Ethnic-Based Politics" 15336: 15136:"Tigray: almost one in three children under five malnourished, UN says" 14083: 14081: 14079: 12207:"Ethiopian soldiers take strategic city in Tigray amid civilian exodus" 11481: 11422: 11234:"Tigray forces withdraw from neighbouring Ethiopian regions -spokesman" 11103:"Tigray forces withdraw from neighbouring Ethiopian regions -spokesman" 10695:"Ethiopia Declares State of Emergency as Rebels Advance Toward Capital" 9091:"Ethiopie : 'A Aksoum, j'ai aidé à transporter plus de 300 morts'" 7583:"Ethiopia extends PM and lawmakers' terms, to hold polls within a year" 7374: 6045: 6043: 4949:"On 'Rooftop of Africa', Ethiopia's Troops Hunt Fugitive Former Rulers" 4294: 4200: 4176: 3993: 3662: 2577:

On 8 October 2021, Getachew said that an intensive air campaign by the

2181: 2153: 1733: 1558: 1025: 998: 446: 71: 37: 33: 15295:

Abdelaziz, Khalid; Mirghani, Ali; Eltahir, Nafisa (19 December 2020).

13762:"US congressman Michael McCaul raises spectre of 'genocide' in Tigray" 13361:"Somalia denies claims its soldiers killed in Tigray war helping ENDF" 12489:"Ethiopian rivals agree on humanitarian access for war-ravaged Tigray" 10883:"France, Germany latest countries to urge nationals to leave Ethiopia" 8763:"Ethiopian government says troops take two towns from Tigray fighters" 6670:"Ethiopia: video of Tigray massacre lifts lid on 'war without photos'" 6288:"Joint UN, Ethiopia rights team: all sides committed abuses in Tigray" 5988:"In Ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed's forces have won the battle but not the war" 5382:"UNICEF Ethiopia Humanitarian Situation Report No. 9 - September 2022" 5268: 4442:"Ethiopian PM confirms Eritrean troops entered Tigray during conflict" 2373:

for a prolonged conflict. The Tigray Defense Forces were engaged in a

18410: 17562: 16583:"Ethiopia seeks help to find $ 20bn for post-conflict reconstruction" 16035: 15575: 15332:"Tigray refugees in cramped Sudanese camps fear coronavirus outbreak" 15265: 14442:"Sexual violence as weapon of war spreads to new regions in Ethiopia" 10760:"Ethiopia declares state of emergency as Tigrayan forces gain ground" 6674: 6620:"'I saw people dying on the road': Tigray's traumatised war refugees" 6082:"Ethiopia declares state of emergency as Tigrayan rebels gain ground" 5961: 5386: 4888:"Ethiopia Truce Implementation to Start 'Immediately', Mediator Says" 4171: 3677: 3431: 3230: 3171: 3139: 2751: 2671: 2590: 2177: 1780: 1516: 36:

names rather than family names. These persons are addressed by their

18470: 16988:"Ethiopian political crisis after reform: Causes of Tigray conflict" 16462:"Tigray conflict sparks a war of fake tweets and intense propaganda" 14146:

identifying ethnic Tigrayans from all government agencies and NGOs".

14076: 13092: 12788:

Eltahir, Khalid Abdelaziz, Ali Mirghani, Nafisa (18 December 2020).

11297:"Ethiopian air strikes kill 108 civilians in Tigray region, UN says" 10160:"Lalibela: Ethiopia's Tigray rebels take Unesco world heritage town" 9920:"Ethiopia's Tigray forces enter neighbouring Afar region, Afar says" 9767:"Tigray forces mobilise against militias from neighbouring province" 7999:"The midnight confrontation that helped unleash Ethiopia's conflict" 6040: 5929:"Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: Army 'takes regional capital of Mekelle'" 4141:

The Tigray war also damaged the country's relationship with foreign

3421:

Distribution of internally displaced persons in Tigray (August 2021)

2635: 2385: 18501: 16677:"Correction: Fitch Downgrades Ethiopia to 'CCC-'; Removes From UCO" 15861: 15635: 15599: 15297:"Analysis-Spillover from Tigray conflict adds to pressure on Sudan" 15186:"WFP Chief Alleges TPLF Stole Fuel Designated for Humanitarian Use" 14874:"Ethiopia's Tigray runs out of medical supplies as malaria spreads" 14663:"Tigrayan forces raped women in Ethiopia's Amhara region - Amnesty" 13540:"War in Tigray may have killed 600,000 people, peace mediator says" 13333: 13199:"Eritrea instrumental in rebuilding of Somali army, says president" 13093:"Tigray conflict: What do we know about drone strikes in Ethiopia?" 12967: 12934: 12834:"Tensions escalate as Sudanese forces gather near Ethiopian border" 12790:"Analysis-Spillover from Tigray conflict adds to pressure on Sudan" 12663:"Analysis-Spillover from Tigray conflict adds to pressure on Sudan" 12514:[Ethiopian police returned to Tigray with the peace deal]. 12439: 11677:"Fighting erupts along border of Ethiopia's northern Tigray region" 11623:"UN calls for ceasefire amid renewed fighting in northern Ethiopia" 11477:"Tigray: Rebels set up team to negotiate peace with Ethiopian govt" 10565:"Ethiopia: Tigrayan forces 'seize strategic town in Amhara region'" 10164: 9950:"Tigray: thousands flee in neighbouring region as conflict spreads" 9855:"Genocide fears after Ethiopian PM vows to crush 'weeds' of Tigray" 9227:"Trauma, anger as Tigrayans recount Eritrea troops' 'grave crimes'" 9166: 6853:"Rise and fall of Ethiopia's TPLF – from rebels to rulers and back" 6822: 6418: 6416: 6236:"'People are under siege': why Ethiopia's war in Tigray isn't over" 5751: 5621: 5456:"War in Tigray may have killed 600,000 people, peace mediator says" 5113:"After battlefield reversals, what next for Ethiopia's Tigray war?" 5013: 4747:"Benishangul Gumuz regional govt, rebel group sign peace agreement" 4489:

Pamuk, Humeyra; Fick, Maggie (5 November 2021). Toby Chopra (ed.).

4142: 3918:

The media restrictions resulted in what has been described as an "

3821: 3795: 3658: 3454: 3281:), 6 (polarization), 8 (persecution), and 9 (extermination) of the 3262: 3240: 3070: 3000: 2594: 2573:

Conflict incidents reported between November 2020 and December 2021

2541: 2478: 2424: 1709:

until his death in 2012. He was succeeded by Deputy Prime Minister

1524: 830:

3,073 killed, 4,473 injured, 8,000 captured (Late 2021 rebel claim)

501: 489: 477: 465: 453: 441: 279: 188: 16698:"'Everything increasing except wages': inflation batters Ethiopia" 16273:. 19 February 2021. Archived from the original on 16 October 2022. 15402:

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

14844:

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

14803:

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

14762:"Probe in Ethiopia's Tigray did not reach site of Axum attack: UN" 14123:"Ethiopian police seeking lists of ethnic Tigrayans – U.N. report" 13866:"Ethiopian leaders said they would 'wipe out' Tigrayans: EU envoy" 13591:"Ethiopia's Tigray conflict: Why the rest of the world is worried" 12176:"Ethiopia says it will seize airports in rebel-held Tigray region" 11565:"Ethiopia forces accused of deadly attack as Tigray war escalates" 10991:"Ethiopian forces recapture two key towns from rebels, gov't says" 9981:"Ethiopia Tigray crisis: New front opens in war as aid fears grow" 9568:"Ethiopia convicts soldiers of crimes against civilians in Tigray" 8981:"Ethiopia Launches New Offensive on Tigray Rebels as Famine Looms" 5083:"Ethiopia's Tigray conflict: Thousands reported killed in clashes" 4687:"Eight Groups Join Tigray Rebels Vowing to Oust Ethiopia's Leader" 3314:

Ethnic Tigrayan members of Ethiopian components of United Nations

2826: 2813:

Tigrayan peace process § Ceasefire period (March–August 2022)

2632:, a town in Afar 71 kilometres (44 mi) northeast of Mekelle. 2544:

was reported to have been seized by Tigrayan forces. On 9 August,

1817:

lawmakers, as well as the executive branch, were then extended by

17398: 16324:"Ethiopia: Government, Tigrayan forces agree to end two-year war" 16269: 15921:

Jackson, Jasper; Kassa, Lucy; Townsend, Mark (20 February 2022).

15552:"Eritrean refugees caught between crisis at home, Sudan conflict" 15477:"Ethiopia's Amhara seize disputed territory amid Tigray conflict" 15301: 14420:"UNFPA Ethiopia Response to the Tigray Crisis - Situation report" 14216: 14127: 13940:"Ethiopia rejects U.S. allegations of ethnic cleansing in Tigray" 13733:"Blinken: Acts of 'ethnic cleansing' committed in Western Tigray" 13258: 13256: 12667: 11733:"Ten dead in second day of air raids in Ethiopia's Tigray region" 11268: 11107: 10132: 9722:"Tigray rebels vow to drive out 'enemies' after retaking Mekelle" 9538:"Ethiopia Declares Tigray, Oromia Groups Terrorist Organizations" 9446:"Ethiopia: 1,900 people killed in massacres in Tigray identified" 8455:"Ethiopia's Amhara seize disputed territory amid Tigray conflict" 8145:"Ethiopia declares state of emergency in opposition-ruled Tigray" 8084: 7803: 7726: 7695:"Ethiopia appoints new Tigray leader, Amnesty reports 'massacre'" 7665:"Ethiopia's Tigray region defies PM Abiy with 'illegal' election" 7373:

Fisher, Jonathan; Gebrewahd, Meressa Tsehaye (13 December 2018).

7194: 6329: 6111: 6056: 5775:"Ethiopia sends army into Tigray region, heavy fighting reported" 5590: 5436: 4717:"An Afar-based armed group parts its ways with TPLF-led alliance" 3975: 3779: 3650: 3646: 3445: 3163: 3078: 2999:

involving the Ethiopian government and the TPLF had commenced in

2952: 2866: 2760: 2629: 2530: 2466: 2406: 2314: 2173: 2161: 2057: 2034: 1741: 1562: 1532: 884: 537: 525: 513: 292: 192: 18526: 15595:"Eritrean Refugees Caught in Crossfire of Ethiopia's Tigray War" 11590:"Fighting flares for second day in northern Ethiopia -residents" 11513:"Ethiopia government proposes plan for peace in war-torn Tigray" 10790:"Nine anti-gov't groups team up as Ethiopia recalls ex-soldiers" 10338:"Ethiopia orders expulsion of 7 top UN officials for 'meddling'" 9824:"Ethiopia: Tigray forces push south as Amhara militias mobilise" 9619:"Ethiopian forces withdraw from Tigray regional capital Mekelle" 9477:"Analysis of massacre video raises questions for Ethiopian Army" 9325:"In Pictures: Eritrean refugees caught in crossfire in Ethiopia" 7910:"Ethiopia's Tigray blocks general's appointment in blow to Abiy" 6724:"Rape is being used as weapon of war in Ethiopia, say witnesses" 6413: 3154:

Since 2019, Eritrea has been helping the reestablishment of the

2727:

Government-allied counter-offensive (November 2021 – March 2022)

2677:

South of Kombolcha, the OLA claimed to have seized control over

1873:. Ethiopian elite units were transported to Gherghera base near 18415: 18151: 17567: 16126:"Journalists Struggle Through Information Blackout in Ethiopia" 15950:

Cornish, Audie; Bior, Ayen; Donevan, Connor (11 October 2021).

14932: 14332:

United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

13231:"Ethiopia Denies Somalia Forces Involved in Fighting in Tigray" 11707:"Ethiopia, Eritrea forces launch new offensive in Tigray: TPLF" 11017:"Ethiopian forces recapture two key towns from Tigrayan forces" 9893:"Ethiopia regions send troops to back fight with Tigray rebels" 9797:"Rebel forces in Ethiopia's Tigray region launch new offensive" 5391: 4464:"Eritrea confirms its troops are fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray" 4114: 4098: 3746:

and Shimelba camps, remained unaccounted for, according to the

3564: 3395:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

3135: 3116: 2894: 2747: 2705: 2678: 2666: 2545: 2483: 2477:

and advanced westward, capturing the town of Mai Tsebri in the

2127: 2088: 1960: 1874: 16514:

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

16342:"Ethiopia civil war: Tigray truce a triumph for PM Abiy Ahmed" 16176:"Ethiopia: The daunting task of reporting the Tigray conflict" 15923:"Facebook 'lets vigilantes in Ethiopia incite ethnic killing'" 15397:"Ethiopia: Northern Ethiopia Access Snapshot (September 2021)" 14910:"Ethiopia's Tigray running out of medical supplies, WHO warns" 14611:"Tigrayan forces killed civilians, gang-raped dozens: Amnesty" 14090:"Ethnic profiling of Tigrayans heightens tensions in Ethiopia" 13888:"EU envoy: Ethiopian leadership vowed to 'wipe out' Tigrayans" 13422:"First Batch of Somali Troops Trained in Eritrea Arrives Home" 13253: 12899:"In a first, Somalia-based al-Shabab is attacking in Ethiopia" 12542:"Tears, prayers as flights resume to Ethiopia's Tigray region" 12400:"Witnesses allege Eritrean abuses during Ethiopia peace talks" 12005:"Tigray rebels announce troop deployment in northern Ethiopia" 11199:"Tigrayan forces announce retreat to Ethiopia's Tigray region" 11167:"Tigrayan forces announce retreat to Ethiopia's Tigray region" 10501:"Fresh fighting in Ethiopia's Afar as army mounts 'offensive'" 10222:"Ethiopia Armed Group Says it Has Alliance with Tigray Forces" 10037:"Ethiopia's Amhara state rallies residents to fight Tigrayans" 9700:"Ethiopia Tigray conflict: Rebels build on capture of capital" 9595:"How Local Guerrilla Fighters Routed Ethiopia's Powerful Army" 9412: 9292: 8905:"Fact check: Are other nations involved in the war in Tigray?" 6537:"'Then the killing started': Witnesses accuse Tigray fighters" 6075: 6073: 6071: 5425: 5423: 5313:"Ethiopia: Thousands of Tigray rebels killed, military claims" 4565:"Ethiopia armed group says it has alliance with Tigray forces" 4527:"Tigray, other groups form alliance against Ethiopia's leader" 3703: 3220: 3107: 1515:

that lasted from 3 November 2020 to 3 November 2022. It was a

91: 18343:

United Front of Ethiopian Federalist and Confederalist Forces

17075: 16151:"In Ethiopia, mass detention signals shrinking press freedom" 15365:"'People are starving': New exodus in Ethiopia's Tigray area" 14468:"UN experts detail extensive war crimes amid Tigray conflict" 13293: 13291: 12865:"Somalia and al-Shabab: The struggle to defeat the militants" 12603:"Kidnappings, looting cited in Ethiopia's Tigray after truce" 12335:"Ethiopia takes Tigray town ahead of anticipated peace talks" 12305:"Ethiopia takes Tigray town ahead of anticipated peace talks" 11762:

Byaruhanga, Catherine; Higgins, Natalie (29 September 2022).

11264:"Ethiopia says its army will not advance further into Tigray" 9257:"UN: Ethiopia may not have control of a large part of Tigray" 9061: 8603:

has provided a summarized translation of the Chinese article.

7936:"Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia" 7190:"On Ethiopia-Eritrea frontline, anger at Addis' olive branch" 6785:"Ethiopia: Tigray on brink of humanitarian disaster, UN says" 6257:"US says all sides committed war crimes in Ethiopia conflict" 6134:"Ethiopia declares unilateral truce to allow aid into Tigray" 4121:, and 32 newborn infants had died between January–June 2023. 3971: 3967: 3716: 3503: 3473:

rates had plummeted from 90% (before the war) to under 10%.

3131: 2956: 2765:

Addis Ababa, and Tigrayan forces were pushed back to Tigray.

2714:

United Front of Ethiopian Federalist and Confederalist Forces

2470: 2322: 2185: 2122:

in the Amhara Region. On 14 November, Tigray forces launched

2111: 2029:

On the night of 9 to 10 November 2020, 600 civilians, mostly

1721:

as both prime minister and chairman of the EPRDF, owing to a

1188: 208: 17070:

International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia

13639:"At scene of Ethiopia's new killings, some fight, some flee" 12759:"Factbox: The forces fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray conflict" 12057:"Ethiopia's Tigray forces say Eritreans widen war offensive" 11855:"Eritrea accused of starting offensive on Ethiopia's Tigray" 11442:"Ethiopia says ready for talks with Tigray forces 'anytime'" 10664:"Ethiopia's PM defiant as rival Tigray forces make advances" 9675:"Interim government of Tigray flees as rebels seize capital" 8115:"Ethiopia warns civilians of 'no mercy' in Tigray offensive" 7614:"Ethiopia Extends Leaders' Terms Until Delayed Vote Is Held" 6928:"Ethiopia's Hailemariam Desalegn sworn in as prime minister" 6875:"Ethiopia's Hailemariam Desalegn sworn in as prime minister" 4796:"Combatants in Ethiopia's Tigray war agree to stop fighting" 3599:

after the ENDF and Afar Special Forces regained control and

2457:

On 6 July 2021, the Tigrayan government mobilised to retake

954: 18643: 18013: 16737:"Ethiopians mark Coptic new year amid persistent inflation" 16640:"France, Germany urge Ethiopia on accountability after war" 16506: 16382: 16175: 15857:"Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: Fact-checking misleading images" 15764: 15762: 15760: 15758: 15039:"Ethiopia: EU suspends budget support over Tigray conflict" 12729:"UN: Ethiopia's victory claim doesn't mean war is finished" 12131:"Tigray faces a new onslaught by Eritrean-Ethiopian forces" 11388:"Ethiopian ministers propose ending state of emergency now" 10961:"Ethiopia's Tigray conflict: Lalibela retaken – government" 10470:"Tigray forces say Ethiopia has launched a major offensive" 9649:"Ethiopia's Tigray conflict: Unilateral ceasefire declared" 8370:"Fleeing Ethiopians Tell of Ethnic Massacres in Tigray War" 7878:"Pre-conditions impede Commission's reconciliatory efforts" 7429:"Ethiopia arrest warrant for ex-spy chief, Getachew Assefa" 6818:"Ethiopia: Status of western Tigray to be settled 'by law'" 6694:"'You can't even cry loudly': Counting Ethiopia's war dead" 6354:"Fleeing Ethiopians Tell of Ethnic Massacres in Tigray War" 6161: 6159: 6068: 5420: 4858:"Ethiopia combatants sign deal to start implementing truce" 3247:

War crimes in the Tigray war § Crimes against humanity

2964: 2960: 2497:

From 17 to 19 July, the TDF began launching attacks in the

2235: 2169: 2165: 1881:

to "strike out of existence the TPLF," according to former

123: 16378:"Ethiopians protest U.S. sanctions over brutal Tigray war" 16107:"Ethiopia launches crackdown on journalists and activists" 13703:"'Leave no Tigrayan': In Ethiopia, an ethnicity is erased" 13288: 12512:"Etiopian poliisi palasi Tigrayhin rauhansopimuksen myötä" 12275:"Ethiopian army captures several towns in war-torn Tigray" 10935:"Ethiopian gov't forces in control of Chifra: State media" 6985:"Ethiopia's Prime Minister Resigns Amid Political Turmoil" 6167:"Fighting in northern Ethiopia shatters months-long truce" 4385:"Ethiopia: Fear Tigray conflict could trigger all-out war" 4359:

A few EEPA articles begin with the following injunction: "

2441:

though this was not confirmed by the Eritrean government.

15956: 15235:"In Pictures: World Refugee Day: No Safe Haven in Tigray" 15024: 14993: 13840:"Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Warnings of genocide and famine" 13594: 13568: 13177:"Ethiopia Says It Recaptured Strategic Towns From Rebels" 10308:"Ethiopia expels top UN officials amid Tigray aid crisis" 7487:

Miridzhanian, Anait; Acharya, Bhargav (25 October 2022).

7080:"Ethiopia swears in first PM from ethnic Oromo community" 6199:"Parties in Ethiopia conflict agree to cease hostilities" 5553:"Ethiopia's Tigray war: The short, medium and long story" 3895: 3205: 2806: 2267:

that, on 4 December, Eritrean troops entered her town in

2144: 1512: 245:

Continued Eritrean military presence in Tigray as of 2023

15755: 15294: 13154:"Foreign Drones Tip the Balance in Ethiopia's Civil War" 13062:"Foreign Drones Tip the Balance in Ethiopia's Civil War" 12995:"Ethiopian prime minister in UAE as Tigray war rages on" 11535:"Ethiopia: Tigray Rebels Lack 'Interest' in Peace Talks" 10909:"Ethiopia's PM pledges victory in video from front line" 8511:"Foreign Drones Tip the Balance in Ethiopia's Civil War" 6156: 6049: 5283:"Ethiopia: C-130 aircraft downed south of Tigray region" 2931:; it detained "elderly mothers and fathers", and sought 1931: 230:

and systematic, verifiable disarmament (2 November 2022)

16616: 16614: 16200:"Number of journalists behind bars reaches global high" 15999: 12245:"Why the capture of Shire is so important for Ethiopia" 12108:"Ethiopia's civil war: Inside Tigray's capital Mekelle" 12084:

Bekit, Teklemariam; Chothia, Farouk (12 October 2022).

11882:"Tigrayan forces accuse Eritrea of launching offensive" 11824:"Eritrea's mass mobilisation as Ethiopia tensions rise" 8289:

Siddig, Khalid Abdelaziz, El Tayeb (13 November 2020).

7553:"Ethiopia postpones August election due to coronavirus" 6286:

Nebehay, Stephanie; Endeshaw, Dawit (3 November 2021).

5773:

Paravicini, Giulia; Endeshaw, Dawit (4 November 2020).

5007:

Chothia, Farouk; Bekit, Teklemariam (19 October 2022).

3778:, found that a significant number of new, single-issue 3727:, placing refugees at further risk of being kidnapped. 2589:

zones of the Amhara Region, mostly around the towns of

236:

Federal authority in the Tigray Region is reestablished

16659:"Can Berlin, Paris reset 'strained' EU-Ethiopia ties?" 13482:"ነበርቲ ሓውዜን ግዳያት ኵናት ትግራይ ብጅምላ ይቐብርሉ ኣለው'ፀብፃብ ሄዘር ሞርዶክ" 13229:

Marks, Simon; Ahmed, Mohammed Omar (21 January 2021).

13025: 11043:"Ethiopia claims strategic gains despite TPLF denials" 9024:"Ethiopia's Tigray War: A Deadly, Dangerous Stalemate" 8581:"Situation Report EEPA HORN No. 81 - 10 February 2021" 7277:"Highlight 17/2021 - The Fallout of Ethnic Federalism" 7024:"Ethiopian prime minister resigns after mass protests" 6580: 6578: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5611: 5609: 4918:"Ethiopia's Tigray War: A Deadly, Dangerous Stalemate" 4317: 3737:

Refoulement of Eritrean refugees during the Tigray war

3449:

Aid workers providing shelter kits in Tigray, wearing

3167:

denied any of these troops had been sent to Tigray.

2880:

Aftermath of a drone attack on the Adi Haqi campus of

2289:

The Tigray insurgency, 28 November 2020 – 18 June 2021

2204:

Tigrayan guerrilla warfare (November 2020 – June 2021)

2152:

From 17 to 19 November, Ethiopian forces captured the

1644:. Between 162,000 and 600,000 people were killed, and 15497:"Finding a Path to Peace in Ethiopia's Tigray Region" 13617:"Ethiopia: Tigray Forces Summarily Execute Civilians" 9124:"Situation Report EEPA HORN No. 53 – 12 January 2021" 8549:"Situation Report EEPA HORN No. 64 – 23 January 2021" 7482: 7480: 6613: 6611: 6586:"Situation Report EEPA HORN No. 51 – 10 January 2021" 6561:"Ethiopia: Tigray Forces Summarily Execute Civilians" 6107:"Ethiopia's Tigray forces seek new military alliance" 5578: 5410:"Ethiopia: UN says 20,000 refugees missing in Tigray" 5034:"Ethiopia's Nobel-Winning Prime Minister Goes to War" 4337: 3359:

certain populations, and to spread STIs as a form of

1775:(NISS) of Ethiopia and executive member of the TPLF. 1554:(EDF) began launching attacks from the north – which 16821: 16611: 15920: 15161:"Ethiopia: Half of Tigray in 'severe' food shortage" 15075:

Psaledakis, Daphne; et al. (1 September 2021).

14836:"OCHA: ETHIOPIA – TIGRAY REGION HUMANITARIAN UPDATE" 14795:"OCHA: ETHIOPIA – TIGRAY REGION HUMANITARIAN UPDATE" 11617: 11615: 9221: 9219: 8614:"Ethiopian cities hit by rockets from Tigray forces" 7785:"Ethiopian lawmakers vote to slash funds for Tigray" 6050:

David Evans; Angus MacSwan, eds. (1 November 2021).

4216: 2176:. Fighting between Tigray and Eritrea took place in 1900:

of Ethiopia had suggested designating the TPLF as a

16864: 16219: 14287:

Ethiopia's Tigray conflict: Rape as a weapon of war

12369:"Ethiopia Steps up Offensive Against Tigray Rebels" 11972:Marks, Simon; Tadesse, Fasika (29 September 2022). 10877: 10875: 10432:"Ethiopia Launches Offensive Against Tigray Forces" 10064:"Tigray forces defiant in face of Ethiopia call-up" 9413:"News Highlights Extra No. 6: Conflict in the Horn" 9293:"News Highlights Extra No. 5: Conflict in the Horn" 8859:"Ethiopia: Unlawful Shelling of Tigray Urban Areas" 8012:

since engulfed northern Ethiopia's Tigray region...

7486: 7422: 7420: 6575: 6453:"In an out-of-sight war, a massacre comes to light" 6383: 6381: 6379: 6352:Dahir, Abdi Latif; Hicks, Tyler (9 December 2020). 5747:"Ethiopian civil war: Warring sides agree to truce" 5700: 5606: 5481: 5479: 5477: 3521: 3295:

Ethnic discrimination in Ethiopia § Tigray War

3265:. According to the EU's special envoy to Ethiopia, 3224:

A mass grave of civilian victims in Hawzen, Tigray.

2976: 1771:to arrest Getachew Assefa, the former chief of the 1660: 16917: 16823: 16692: 16690: 15949: 15795: 15444: 15442: 15256: 15254: 15252: 15250: 15111:. Dicasterium pro Communicatione. 1 September 2021 14385:Kassa, Lucy; Pujol-Mazzini, Anna (27 March 2021). 14384: 13055: 13053: 11943:"Is there a path to peace in the Tigray conflict?" 9089: 7477: 7307:"Why there are fears that Ethiopia could break up" 6608: 6197:Winning, Alexander; Cocks, Tim (2 November 2022). 5772: 5487: 4794:Winning, Alexander; Cocks, Tim (2 November 2022). 4685:Latif Dahir, Abdi; Jakes, Lara (5 November 2021). 3954:summit in December 2020; a joint statement by the 3343:Protest against rape and sexual violence in Tigray 3081:. Multiple observers, including political analyst 2818:the presence of pro-government troops in Tigray's 16300:"UN Calls on Tigray Forces to Endorse Cease-fire" 15324: 15031: 14185:"Ethiopia: Ethnic Tigrayans Forcibly Disappeared" 13329:"Somalia denies involvement in Ethiopia conflict" 12987: 12930:"Al-Shabab seeks to 'put down roots' in Ethiopia" 11761: 11612: 10751: 10733:"Ethiopia declares nationwide state of emergency" 9694: 9692: 9216: 7054:"Ethiopia's ruling coalition elects new chairman" 5951: 5949: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5200:"TDF downed A Mi-35 helicopter in central Tigray" 3761: 3077:launched a coordinated invasion of Ethiopia from 2636:TDF-OLA joint offensive (October – December 2021) 2386:Tigrayan counter-offensive (June – November 2021) 1821:beyond the October 2020 constitutional mandates. 1695:Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front 1608:of civilians took place throughout, including in 19279: 16919:"Humanitarian crisis in Tigray amidst civil war" 16754:Marks, Simon; Gebre, Samuel (30 November 2022). 16555: 16553: 14789: 14787: 14528: 14526: 14524: 14497: 14495: 14243:Lynch, Colum; Gramer, Robin (23 November 2020). 12267: 10872: 10658: 10656: 10654: 10363: 10361: 10359: 8903:Bekele, Eshete; Steinwehr, Uta (19 March 2021). 7417: 6847: 6845: 6376: 5474: 5053: 4684: 4525:Anna, Cara; Merchant, Norman (5 November 2021). 4182: 3866: 3288: 3241:Crimes against humanity and genocide allegations 1833:described as "tantamount to declaration of war." 16687: 15769:Drew, Alexi; Wilmot, Claire (5 February 2021). 15623: 15522: 15520: 15439: 15288: 15247: 14830: 14828: 14735:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 14380: 14378: 13050: 11974:"Ethiopia's Civil War Is Heating Up Once Again" 11584: 11582: 11471: 11469: 10820:"Ethiopia's PM vows to lead from the war front" 9918:Endeshaw, Dawit; Flick, Maggie (19 July 2021). 9475:Feleke, Bethlehem; et al. (1 April 2021). 8902: 8898: 8896: 8894: 8055:"What To Know About Ethiopia's Tigray Conflict" 7639:"What To Know About Ethiopia's Tigray Conflict" 7372: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6285: 6192: 6190: 6104: 5002: 5000: 4947:Marks, Simon; Walsh, Declan (22 January 2021). 4145:. Shortly after it began in November 2020, the 3407:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 3389:Investigations into the war crimes include the 2827:Resurgence of fighting (August – November 2022) 1715:Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement 146:; a house destroyed during a battle to control 16731: 16729: 14960:"UN 'frustration' at lack of access to Tigray" 14120: 10758:Flick, Maggie; et al. (2 November 2021). 9911: 9689: 9187: 9185: 9183: 9181: 8974: 8972: 8970: 8968: 8936: 8934: 8932: 8930: 8225: 8085:"State of Emergency Inquiry Board Begins Work" 8022: 8020: 7746: 7713: 7516: 7514: 5946: 5516: 5514: 5512: 5365: 4989:(in German). Deutsche Welle. 9 November 2020. 3162:to fight against the newly formed TDF, though 2352:Estimated territorial control on 23 April 2021 18486: 17999: 17091: 16771: 16769: 16550: 14784: 14521: 14492: 14320: 13473: 13217:Eritrea first admitted 5,000 recruits in 2019 10651: 10528: 10526: 10356: 10029: 9917: 9822:Mersie, Ayenat; Fick, Maggie (13 July 2021). 9057:"What happened in Aksum? My personal account" 8169: 7782: 7022:Ababa, Agencies in Addis (15 February 2018). 6842: 6446: 6444: 6251: 6249: 6128: 6126: 5826: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5267:(in Arabic). 12 November 2021. Archived from 4558: 4556: 4285: 4283: 3748:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 3149: 2803:also proposed to end the state of emergency. 2754:. This was later confirmed by TPLF spokesman 1204: 940: 228:formally agreed to a cessation of hostilities 15517: 15105:"Tigray rebels loot humanitarian warehouses" 14952: 14825: 14375: 14159:"Tigrayans 'profiled' in Ethiopia crackdown" 12927: 12818:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 12083: 11971: 11579: 11466: 9018: 9016: 9014: 8891: 8479: 8319:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7489:"Ethiopia peace talks start in South Africa" 6310: 6196: 6187: 5678:"Ethiopia peace deal hailed as a 'new dawn'" 5059: 5006: 4997: 4793: 4524: 4456: 4203:" of the area. A religious Irob leader told 3096: 2413:; partially destroyed from a bombing by the 27:Armed conflict in Ethiopia from 2020 to 2022 16726: 14280: 14278: 14276: 14242: 14087: 13631: 12963:"Why Did Al-Shabab Attack Inside Ethiopia?" 9178: 8965: 8927: 8367: 8235:. Amnesty International. 12 November 2020. 8028:"Ethiopia: A timeline of the Tigray crisis" 8017: 7511: 6451:Kassa, Lucy; Bulos, Nabih (23 March 2021). 5509: 4940: 4910: 4093:in the Tigray Region. In a study funded by 3603:partner organisations' access to improved. 2533:was captured by the TDF on 12 August 2021. 398:Gambella People's Liberation Army (2021–22) 18493: 18479: 18006: 17992: 17920:Famine in northern Ethiopia (2020–present) 17098: 17084: 16799:Byaruhanga, Catherine (15 February 2023). 16798: 16766: 16753: 16235:Intergovernmental Authority on Development 15974: 15768: 15074: 15012: 14088:Freudenthal, Emmanuel (17 December 2020). 14017:Ross, Eric; Hill, Nat (20 November 2021). 13609: 13479: 13228: 11288: 10523: 9821: 9373: 9087: 7719: 7426: 6686: 6450: 6441: 6351: 6246: 6123: 5811: 5429: 4946: 4553: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4280: 3952:Intergovernmental Authority on Development 3483:Famine in northern Ethiopia (2020–present) 1773:National Intelligence and Security Service 1744:, a long-time rival of the TPLF, to end a 1544:attacked the Northern Command headquarters 1211: 1197: 947: 933: 18293:Afar Revolutionary Democratic Unity Front 17389: 17003: 16898: 16525: 15018: 14920: 13508:"Destruction in Ethiopia's Tigray Region" 10499:Presse, Agence France (13 October 2021). 10120: 9404: 9011: 8851: 8733:"Ethiopia: Shire Town of Tigray Captured" 4987:"Wieder Luftangriffe der Armee in Tigray" 4488: 4002:Interim Regional Administration of Tigray 3817:Facebook content management controversies 3610: 3160:National Intelligence and Security Agency 2561:officials 72 hours to leave the country. 2494:regions answered the call and mobilised. 1907: 909:80,000–100,000+ (per Ethiopian officials) 240:Interim Regional Administration of Tigray 18308:Benishangul People's Liberation Movement 17637: 17540: 17020: 16656: 16580: 15070: 15068: 14982: 14273: 14016: 12693: 12600: 12002: 11940: 11852: 11541:. Agence France-Presse. 18 August 2022. 11355: 10055: 9290: 9286: 9284: 9282: 8861:. Human Rights Watch. 11 February 2021. 8257: 7783:Corey-Boutlet, Robbie (7 October 2020). 6812: 6810: 6752: 6642: 6617: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6224: 4409: 4078:The war had a devastating impact on the 4065: 3992:As part of this process, Prime Minister 3702: 3668:Since then, the area has been under the 3637:government and divided the country into 3614: 3486: 3444: 3416: 3338: 3219: 3106: 3038: 2875: 2855: 2830: 2736: 2656: 2568: 2565:October 2021 government-allied offensive 2448: 2400: 2347: 2284: 2225: 2148:The aftermath of an airstrike on Mekelle 2143: 1946: 1871:Coalition of Ethiopian Federalist Forces 1835: 19338:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present) 18015:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present) 17199:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present) 16966: 16716:"WFP Ethiopia Market Watch, March 2023" 16559: 16297: 16173: 16163:from the original on 13 September 2022. 16148: 16123: 15989:from the original on 16 September 2022. 15887: 15823: 15568: 15232: 15198:from the original on 23 September 2022. 15183: 15149:from the original on 21 September 2022. 14210:Houreld, Katharine (17 December 2020). 14209: 14049: 13730: 12928:Hochet-Bodin, Noé (14 September 2022). 12787: 12204: 10398: 10367: 9852: 9410: 8800:Europe External Programme with Africa i 8730: 8541: 8200: 8052: 8009:from the original on 27 November 2020. 7636: 7338: 7336: 7334: 7332: 6079: 5969:from the original on 16 December 2020. 5939:from the original on 28 November 2020. 5744: 5629:from the original on 10 December 2020. 5598:from the original on 17 December 2020. 4513: 3134:. The victory of Ethiopian forces over 2079:stated that Amhara militias, including 1675:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present) 1596:All sides, particularly the ENDF, EDF, 59:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present) 14: 19280: 17281:2021–2022 Ethiopian state of emergency 16657:Mwakideu, Chrispin (12 January 2023). 16366:. Agence France-Presse. 23 March 2023. 16312:from the original on 21 November 2021. 16212:from the original on 31 October 2022. 16007:The Bureau of Investigative Journalism 15888:Neguede, Amanuel (22 September 2021). 15728: 15695: 15549: 15526: 14660: 14465: 14050:Zelalem, Zecharias (4 December 2020). 12862: 12499:from the original on 13 November 2022. 12205:Houreld, Katharine (17 October 2022). 12151: 11953:from the original on 28 September 2022 11922:from the original on 21 September 2022 11892:from the original on 20 September 2022 11853:Muhumuza, Rodney (20 September 2022). 11834:from the original on 16 September 2022 11804:from the original on 14 September 2022 11774:from the original on 30 September 2022 11743:from the original on 14 September 2022 11454:from the original on 13 September 2022 10498: 10429: 10399:Houreld, Katharine (12 October 2021). 10344:from the original on 30 September 2021 10318:from the original on 30 September 2021 10288:from the original on 11 September 2021 9474: 9379: 9088:Malagardis, Maria (11 February 2021). 8915:from the original on 13 September 2021 8887:from the original on 29 November 2020. 8865:from the original on 14 February 2021. 8442:from the original on 13 November 2022. 8288: 7187: 7104: 6916:from the original on 19 November 2020. 6885:from the original on 19 November 2020. 6863:from the original on 15 February 2021. 6618:Akinwotu, Emmanuel (2 December 2020). 6571:from the original on 17 February 2022. 6437:from the original on 26 February 2021. 6372:from the original on 10 December 2020. 5865:from the original on 19 December 2020. 5785:from the original on 19 November 2020. 5520: 5502:from the original on 22 October 2022. 5167: 4993:from the original on 19 November 2020. 4855: 4824: 3412: 3206:Casualties and human rights violations 3170:A small group of parents protested in 3103:Eritrean involvement in the Tigray war 3058: 2807:Ceasefire period (March – August 2022) 2696:2021–2022 Ethiopian state of emergency 2690:State of emergency and rebel coalition 2293:By mid-December, fighting had reached 2209:Formation of the Tigray Defense Forces 2085:beatings and massacres of 92 Tigrayans 1730:Oromo Peoples' Democratic Organisation 1681:Eritrean involvement in the Tigray war 1591:cessation of hostilities on 2 November 18500: 18474: 17987: 17877:Predictions of a genocide in Ethiopia 17079: 16981:from the original on 14 October 2020. 16915: 16560:Kristos, Mihret G (23 August 2023) . 16245:from the original on 20 February 2021 16188:from the original on 29 January 2022. 16087:from the original on 19 November 2021 16028: 16018:from the original on 11 October 2022. 15975:Mackintosh, Eliza (25 October 2021). 15964:from the original on 12 October 2022. 15939:from the original on 12 October 2022. 15869:from the original on 26 November 2020 15824:Legesse, Getahun (16 February 2021). 15783:from the original on 20 February 2021 15743:from the original on 17 November 2020 15647:from the original on 13 December 2020 15474: 15272:from the original on 19 December 2020 15222:from the original on 19 October 2022. 15173:from the original on 20 October 2022. 15065: 15049:from the original on 17 December 2020 14970:from the original on 16 December 2020 14940:from the original on 17 December 2020 14031:from the original on 23 November 2021 13990: 13663: 13645:. Associated Press. 10 September 2021 13619:. Human Rights Watch. 9 December 2021 13389: 13175:Dahir, Abdi Latif (7 December 2021). 13174: 13151: 13072:from the original on 28 February 2022 13059: 13003:. Associated Press. 30 January 2022. 12960: 12896: 12844:from the original on 20 December 2020 12800:from the original on 18 December 2020 12708:from the original on 15 November 2023 12613:from the original on 10 December 2022 12601:Muhumuza, Rodney (27 November 2022). 12552:from the original on 29 December 2022 12522:from the original on 29 December 2022 12509: 12469:from the original on 14 November 2022 12447:from the original on 27 October 2022. 12412:from the original on 15 November 2022 12379:from the original on 19 November 2023 12366: 12141:from the original on 15 October 2022. 12073:from the original on 13 October 2022. 12015:from the original on 14 October 2022. 11713:from the original on 1 September 2022 11635:from the original on 14 October 2022. 11575:from the original on 13 October 2022. 11244:from the original on 21 December 2021 11147:from the original on 15 November 2023 11135:"Tigrayan Forces Retreat in Ethiopia" 11115:from the original on 21 December 2021 11083:from the original on 19 December 2021 11053:from the original on 15 December 2021 11023:from the original on 16 December 2021 10997:from the original on 16 December 2021 10941:from the original on 16 December 2021 10889:from the original on 23 November 2021 10860:from the original on 29 December 2021 10830:from the original on 24 November 2021 10770:from the original on 17 December 2021 10757: 10713:from the original on 16 November 2021 10692: 10368:Houreld, Katharine (9 October 2021). 10095:"Zerbricht Äthiopien im Bürgerkrieg?" 10092: 10061: 9978: 9764: 9592: 9560: 9548:from the original on 24 November 2021 9505: 9443: 9279: 9237:from the original on 21 November 2022 9191: 9132:Europe External Programme with Africa 9104:from the original on 14 February 2021 9069:from the original on 13 February 2021 8978: 8940: 8773:from the original on 24 November 2020 8743:from the original on 27 November 2020 8712:from the original on 19 November 2020 8673:Europe External Programme with Africa 8646:from the original on 21 November 2020 8593:from the original on 24 February 2021 8529:from the original on 28 February 2022 8508: 8485: 8452: 8412:from the original on 27 December 2021 8368:Latif Dahir, Abdi (9 December 2020). 8349:from the original on 24 November 2020 8333: 8301:from the original on 25 November 2020 8239:from the original on 19 November 2020 8213:from the original on 22 November 2020 8182:from the original on 19 November 2020 8151:from the original on 22 November 2020 8125:from the original on 23 November 2020 7979:from the original on 24 December 2021 7916:from the original on 22 November 2020 7890:from the original on 26 December 2020 7875: 7841: 7823:from the original on 24 November 2020 7791:from the original on 10 November 2021 7764:from the original on 26 November 2020 7701:from the original on 21 November 2020 7675:from the original on 19 November 2020 7611: 7533:from the original on 12 November 2022 7520: 7405:from the original on 19 November 2023 7354:from the original on 19 November 2020 7212: 7129: 7119:from the original on 3 February 2021. 7060:from the original on 28 December 2021 7034:from the original on 28 December 2021 7021: 7003:from the original on 28 December 2021 6982: 6964:from the original on 28 December 2021 6958:"Ethiopia's PM resigns citing unrest" 6938:from the original on 19 November 2020 6895: 6830:from the original on 24 November 2022 6807: 6795:from the original on 16 February 2022 6753:Akinwotu, Emmanuel (11 August 2021). 6657:from the original on 4 December 2020. 6632:from the original on 2 December 2020. 6604:from the original on 11 January 2021. 6594:Europe External Programme with Africa 6221: 6209:from the original on 25 November 2022 6183:from the original on 11 October 2022. 6144:from the original on 28 December 2022 6094:from the original on 7 November 2021. 6064:from the original on 5 November 2021. 6006:from the original on 2 December 2020. 5917:from the original on 12 January 2021. 5830: 5807:from the original on 9 December 2020. 5563:from the original on 28 November 2021 5444:from the original on 11 October 2022. 5430:Paravicini, Giulia (20 August 2022). 5416:from the original on 4 February 2021. 5398:from the original on 30 October 2022. 5353:from the original on 3 September 2021 5180:from the original on 30 November 2020 5139:"Aviation Occurrence N 267277 Mig-23" 5031: 5021:from the original on 22 October 2022. 4837:from the original on 14 November 2022 4825:Feleke, Bethlehem (3 November 2022). 4806:from the original on 25 November 2022 4626:"Zerbricht Äthiopien im Bürgerkrieg?" 4623: 3753: 3353:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights 3253:Predictions of a genocide in Ethiopia 2319:Europe External Programme with Africa 2049:; other refugees, interviewed by the 1932:Initial fighting (3–28 November 2020) 1786: 1300: 1192: 928: 880:3 UN guards and 23 aid workers killed 18441:2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia 17970: 17329:2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia 17035:from the original on 4 October 2020. 17021:Lashitew, Addisu (8 November 2019). 16985: 16967:Gilbert, David (14 September 2020). 16775: 16138:from the original on 4 October 2022. 15902:from the original on 5 December 2021 15854: 15677:from the original on 3 February 2021 15611:from the original on 4 February 2021 15409:from the original on 1 November 2021 15362: 15344:from the original on 7 December 2020 15309:from the original on 13 January 2021 15019:McSweeney, Eoin (15 December 2020). 15000:from the original on 31 January 2021 14772:from the original on 23 October 2021 14742:from the original on 23 October 2021 14710:from the original on 3 November 2021 14439: 14307: 14257:from the original on 16 January 2021 14224:from the original on 16 January 2021 14135:from the original on 16 January 2021 14102:from the original on 16 January 2021 13700: 13402:from the original on 7 February 2022 13371:from the original on 19 January 2021 13341:from the original on 19 January 2021 13309:from the original on 19 January 2021 13276:from the original on 20 January 2021 13241:from the original on 22 January 2021 13103:from the original on 27 October 2022 13090: 13007:from the original on 27 October 2022 12739:from the original on 9 November 2022 12726: 12643:from the original on 7 December 2022 12582:from the original on 7 December 2022 12397: 12315:from the original on 23 October 2022 12285:from the original on 18 October 2022 12255:from the original on 23 October 2022 12225:from the original on 9 November 2022 12186:from the original on 18 October 2022 12128: 12003:Vincenot, Aymeric (3 October 2022). 11984:from the original on 9 November 2023 11545:from the original on 22 October 2022 11493:from the original on 22 October 2022 11398:from the original on 27 January 2022 11368:from the original on 10 January 2022 11294: 10971:from the original on 1 December 2021 10915:from the original on 1 December 2021 10800:from the original on 6 November 2021 10739:from the original on 2 November 2021 10674:from the original on 2 November 2021 10639:from the original on 2 November 2021 10607:from the original on 2 November 2021 10545:from the original on 13 October 2021 10532: 10511:from the original on 21 October 2021 10480:from the original on 12 October 2021 10450:from the original on 12 October 2021 10430:Bariyo, Nicholas (12 October 2021). 10411:from the original on 12 October 2021 10380:from the original on 12 October 2021 10224:. Voice of America. 11 August 2021. 9518:from the original on 4 November 2021 9425:from the original on 21 January 2021 9305:from the original on 21 January 2021 9267:from the original on 4 February 2021 9174:from the original on 12 August 2022. 9142:from the original on 12 January 2021 8999:from the original on 12 October 2021 8953:from the original on 6 November 2021 8809:from the original on 12 January 2021 8682:from the original on 12 January 2021 8642:. Deutsche Welle. 15 November 2020. 8620:from the original on 11 January 2021 8616:. Deutsche Welle. 14 November 2020. 8561:from the original on 23 January 2021 8382:from the original on 9 December 2020 8270:from the original on 16 January 2021 8258:Schipani, Andres (4 December 2020). 8095:from the original on 23 January 2021 8034:from the original on 7 December 2020 8030:. Deutsche Welle. 17 November 2020. 7952:from the original on 9 November 2020 7857:from the original on 7 February 2021 7734:from the original on 26 January 2021 7593:from the original on 29 January 2022 7563:from the original on 29 January 2022 7499:from the original on 27 October 2022 7439:from the original on 25 October 2020 7329: 7257:from the original on 26 January 2021 7202:from the original on 10 August 2022. 7162: 7086:from the original on 7 November 2020 6704:from the original on 5 November 2022 6682:from the original on 11 August 2022. 6643:Schipani, Andres (4 December 2020). 6487:from the original on 5 November 2022 6298:from the original on 3 November 2021 6119:from the original on 1 October 2021. 6080:Wintour, Patrick (2 November 2021). 5887:from the original on 28 January 2022 5688:from the original on 7 November 2022 5654:from the original on 1 November 2022 5485: 5210:from the original on 4 November 2021 5149:from the original on 31 October 2021 5119:from the original on 16 October 2021 4757:from the original on 22 October 2022 4727:from the original on 1 February 2022 4587: 4575:from the original on 27 October 2021 4562: 4541:from the original on 5 November 2021 4470:from the original on 13 October 2022 4011: 3915:" and "get rid of outside enemies". 3830: 3730: 3692: 3065:2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia 2665:On 30 October, it was reported that 2222:Eritrean occupation of the northeast 1920: 19363:Eritrea–Ethiopia military relations 18213:Ethnic violence against Amaro Koore 17183:Resignation of Hailemariam Desalegn 16581:Schipani, Andres (20 August 2023). 16174:Laurent, Helena (27 January 2022). 15729:Wilmot, Claire (17 November 2020). 15377:from the original on 12 August 2021 14661:Mersie, Ayenat (10 November 2021). 14466:Keaten, Jamey (22 September 2022). 14440:York, Geoffrey (29 November 2021). 14064:from the original on 4 January 2021 13731:Hansler, Jennifer (10 March 2021). 13133:from the original on 8 October 2021 12975:from the original on 5 October 2022 12942:from the original on 19 August 2023 12875:from the original on 19 August 2023 12769:from the original on 5 January 2021 12037:from the original on 6 October 2022 11941:Anyadike, Obi (28 September 2022). 11687:from the original on 29 August 2022 11657:from the original on 26 August 2022 11600:from the original on 26 August 2022 11337:from the original on 8 January 2022 11307:from the original on 5 October 2022 11276:from the original on 3 January 2022 10577:from the original on 30 August 2022 10258:from the original on 16 August 2021 10228:from the original on 11 August 2021 10172:from the original on 26 August 2021 10074:from the original on 4 October 2023 9456:from the original on 14 August 2021 9361:from the original on 12 August 2021 9204:from the original on 29 August 2021 9054: 8793:"EEPA situation report 18 November" 8666:"EEPA situation report 17 November" 8053:Peralta, Eyder (13 November 2020). 7637:Peralta, Eyder (13 November 2020). 7461:. Voice of America. 12 March 2021. 6765:from the original on 11 August 2021 6734:from the original on 15 August 2021 6667: 6553: 6545:. 26 September 2021. Archived from 6517:from the original on 15 August 2022 6465:from the original on 23 March 2022. 6401:from the original on 3 January 2022 6267:from the original on 17 August 2023 5745:Osborne, Samuel (3 November 2022). 5573:The conflict started on 4 November… 5241:from the original on 12 August 2021 4856:Mersie, Ayenat (12 November 2022). 4452:from the original on 23 March 2021. 3476: 3357:to genocide and genetically cleanse 2581:began against TDF positions in the 2473:. The TDF subsequently crossed the 1943:Northern Command attacks (Ethiopia) 1893:Ethiopian Reconciliation Commission 1803:National Election Board of Ethiopia 875:Exact casualty figures are disputed 24: 16986:Jima, Abdisa Olkeba (9 May 2023). 16815: 16776:York, Geoffrey (16 January 2023). 16149:Zelalem, Zecharias (31 May 2022). 16124:Solomon, Salem (4 December 2020). 15836:from the original on 10 March 2021 15698:"Tigray: the war the world forgot" 14854:from the original on 18 March 2021 14813:from the original on 18 March 2021 14557: 14290:, Deutsche Welle, 26 February 2022 13664:Walsh, Declan (26 February 2021). 13480:Gebremedhn, Gebre (11 June 2021). 13152:Walsh, Declan (20 December 2021). 13060:Walsh, Declan (20 December 2021). 12909:from the original on 21 April 2023 11430:from the original on 16 July 2022. 11356:Endeshaw, Dawit (8 January 2022). 11319: 11295:York, Geoffrey (14 January 2022). 10202:from the original on 9 August 2021 10140:from the original on 5 August 2021 9960:from the original on 4 August 2021 9899:from the original on 3 August 2021 9777:from the original on 4 August 2021 9754:from the original on 30 June 2021. 9732:from the original on 29 June 2021. 9710:from the original on 29 June 2021. 9685:from the original on 30 June 2021. 9607:from the original on 12 July 2021. 8509:Walsh, Declan (20 December 2021). 8201:Feleke, Bethlehem; Rahim, Zamira. 7626:from the original on 11 July 2020. 7465:from the original on 14 March 2021 7227:from the original on 11 July 2022. 7177:from the original on 31 July 2018. 7144:from the original on 29 March 2019 6896:Aalen, Lovise (17 February 2018). 5486:York, Geoffrey (21 October 2022). 5323:from the original on 20 March 2022 5228: 5168:Brhams, Jacob (30 November 2020). 5093:from the original on 20 March 2022 5032:Walsh, Declan (15 December 2021). 4666:from the original on 31 March 2022 4250:Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict 4124: 3873:Democratic backsliding in Ethiopia 3322: 2852:Joint Eritrean–Ethiopian offensive 2184:, Taruna, Ali Tina, Wadqomdi, and 1667:Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict 25: 19399: 18092:Amhara Region coup d'état attempt 17478:Transitional Government of Tigray 17214:Formation of the Prosperity Party 17040: 16298:Besheer, Margeret (2 July 2021). 16029:Faife, Corin (14 December 2021). 15696:Burton, Katie (11 January 2024). 15184:Wilkins, Henry (25 August 2022). 14338:from the original on 6 March 2021 13520:from the original on 6 April 2023 13038:from the original on 2 March 2022 12675:from the original on 7 March 2021 12510:Romsi, Vilma (29 December 2022). 12129:Waal, Alex de (14 October 2022). 12114:. 13 October 2022. Archived from 10693:Walsh, Declan (2 November 2021). 10017:from the original on 22 July 2021 9987:from the original on 28 July 2021 9930:from the original on 30 July 2021 9873:from the original on 24 July 2021 9834:from the original on 30 July 2021 9803:from the original on 22 July 2021 9655:from the original on 28 June 2021 9629:from the original on 28 June 2021 9574:from the original on 12 June 2021 9487:from the original on 2 April 2021 9331:from the original on 1 March 2021 9291:Coessens, A. (16 December 2020). 9192:Maruf, Harun (19 February 2021). 9036:from the original on 30 July 2021 8979:Walsh, Declan (12 October 2021). 8839:from the original on 2 March 2021 8406:Ethiopian Human Rights Commission 8170:Addisstandard (7 November 2020). 8061:from the original on 9 March 2021 7645:from the original on 9 March 2021 7287:from the original on 30 July 2021 7130:Dahir, Abdi Latif (9 July 2018). 6394:Ethiopian Human Rights Commission 6028:from the original on 28 June 2021 5975:Wherever you go, they are there.' 5724:. 2 November 2022. Archived from 5462:from the original on 19 June 2023 5293:from the original on 24 June 2021 5231:"Accident Mil Mi-35, 20 Apr 2021" 4967:from the original on 30 July 2021 4928:from the original on 30 July 2021 4898:from the original on 6 April 2023 4868:from the original on 25 July 2023 4697:from the original on 11 July 2022 4605:from the original on 13 June 2022 4391:from the original on 20 July 2021 4195:As of January 2023, over half of 4061: 3956:National Congress of Great Tigray 3391:Ethiopian Human Rights Commission 3384: 3329:Sexual violence in the Tigray war 2047:Ethiopian Human Rights Commission 2039:massacre in the town of Mai Kadra 1862:House of Peoples' Representatives 1519:that was primarily fought in the 165:3 November 2020 – 3 November 2022 19358:Political repression in Ethiopia 18457: 18456: 18331:Tigray People's Liberation Front 18323:Sidama National Liberation Front 18313:Ethiopian National Defense Force 17969: 17961: 17960: 17900:Refoulement of Eritrean refugees 17473:Ethiopian National Defense Force 17449: 17436: 17424: 17412: 17391: 17378: 16792: 16747: 16708: 16669: 16650: 16632: 16593: 16574: 16500: 16482: 16454: 16426: 16398: 16370: 16352: 16334: 16316: 16291: 16257: 16205:Committee to Protect Journalists 16192: 16167: 16142: 16117: 16099: 16067: 16047: 16022: 15993: 15968: 15943: 15914: 15881: 15855:Mwai, Peter (21 November 2020). 15848: 15817: 15689: 15659: 15587: 15562: 15543: 15489: 15468: 15421: 15389: 15356: 15226: 15202: 15177: 15153: 15127: 15097: 14902: 14884: 14866: 14754: 14722: 14680: 14654: 14628: 14603: 14577: 14551: 14459: 14433: 14412: 14350: 14301: 14236: 14203: 14177: 14151: 14114: 14043: 14010: 13984: 13958: 13932: 13906: 13880: 13858: 13832: 13806: 13780: 13754: 13724: 13694: 13657: 13583: 13557: 13532: 13500: 13488:from the original on 9 July 2021 13445: 13414: 13383: 13353: 13321: 13222: 13191: 13168: 13145: 13115: 13084: 13019: 12954: 12921: 12890: 12856: 12826: 12781: 12751: 12720: 12687: 12655: 12625: 12594: 12564: 12534: 12503: 12481: 12451: 12427: 12391: 12367:Marks, Simon (20 October 2022). 12360: 12327: 12297: 12237: 12198: 12168: 12152:Harper, Mary (16 October 2022). 12145: 12122: 12100: 12077: 12049: 12019: 11996: 11965: 11934: 11904: 11874: 11846: 11816: 11786: 11755: 11725: 11699: 11669: 11639: 11557: 11527: 11519:. 17 August 2022. Archived from 11505: 11434: 11410: 11380: 11349: 11256: 11226: 11211:from the original on 8 June 2022 11191: 11179:from the original on 8 June 2022 11159: 11127: 11095: 11065: 11035: 11009: 10983: 10953: 10927: 10901: 10842: 10812: 10782: 10725: 10686: 10619: 10589: 10557: 10533:Fick, Maggie (13 October 2021). 10492: 10462: 10423: 10392: 10330: 10300: 10270: 10240: 10214: 10184: 10152: 10105:from the original on 31 May 2022 10086: 10043:from the original on 10 May 2022 9999: 9979:Nunis, Vivienne (22 July 2021). 9972: 9942: 9885: 9846: 9815: 9789: 9758: 9736: 9714: 9667: 9641: 9611: 9586: 9530: 9499: 9468: 9437: 9392:from the original on 27 May 2021 9343: 9317: 9249: 9154: 9116: 9081: 9048: 8869: 8821: 8785: 8755: 8724: 8694: 8658: 8632: 8606: 8573: 8502: 8467:from the original on 18 May 2021 8446: 8424: 8394: 8361: 8334:Brown, Will (23 November 2020). 8327: 8282: 8251: 8194: 8163: 8137: 8107: 8077: 8046: 7991: 7964: 7928: 7902: 7876:Abiye, Yonas (24 October 2020). 7869: 7835: 7787:. Yahoo!. Agence France-Presse. 7776: 7687: 7657: 7630: 7605: 7575: 7545: 7521:Burke, Jason (25 October 2022). 7451: 7366: 7299: 7269: 7231: 7206: 6983:Moore, Jina (15 February 2018). 6668:Mas, Liselotte (12 March 2021). 5529:from the original on 4 July 2023 4660:Sidama National Liberation Front 4636:from the original on 31 May 2022 4501:from the original on 5 June 2022 4422:from the original on 3 June 2022 4410:Endeshaw, Dawit (16 July 2021). 4353: 4219: 4085:It also led to a higher rate of 4015: 3980:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3948:peace negotiations and mediation 3935: 3925:Committee to Protect Journalists 3834: 3556: 3547:Family in a crowded IDP camp in 3540: 3532:Hamdayet Border Reception Centre 3522:Internal and forced displacement 3348:Wartime rape and sexual violence 2977:Second ceasefire (November 2022) 2947:to overwhelm Tigrayan defenses. 2929:mobilize more troops for the war 2445:Tigrayan push in Afar and Amhara 2277:in Tigray was in the thousands. 2013: 2004: 1972:State of Emergency Inquiry Board 1661:Historical and political context 1548:Ethiopian National Defense Force 1537:Tigray People's Liberation Front 861: 847: 824: 804: 785: 774: 767: 743: 731: 699: 687: 675: 663: 638: 614: 602: 590: 578: 566: 554: 536: 524: 512: 500: 488: 476: 464: 452: 440: 415: 402: 392: 373: 360: 350: 337: 330:Tigray People's Liberation Front 317: 302: 285: 272: 110: 101: 90: 81: 70: 17941:EHRC–OHCHR Tigray investigation 17350:Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement 17312:2021 Ethiopian general election 16741:Africanews and Associated Press 15569:Bociaga, Robert (23 May 2023). 15475:Gebre, Samuel (16 March 2021). 13991:Watch, Genocide (4 June 2021). 13390:Kassa, Lucy (20 January 2022). 13091:Mwai, Peter (31 January 2022). 12863:Harper, Mary (24 August 2022). 12727:Anna, Cara (29 November 2020). 12694:Tyburski, Luke (3 March 2021). 10735:. Al Jazeera. 2 November 2021. 10093:Kifle, Shuwa (16 August 2021). 9380:Horton, Michael (24 May 2021). 9327:. Al Jazeera. 1 February 2021. 8453:Gebre, Samuel (16 March 2021). 7912:. Al Jazeera. 30 October 2020. 7317:from the original on 1 May 2021 7213:Abera, Etenesh (13 June 2018). 7181: 7156: 7123: 7098: 7072: 7046: 7015: 6976: 6950: 6920: 6889: 6867: 6777: 6746: 6716: 6661: 6636: 6529: 6499: 6469: 6345: 6279: 6098: 6010: 5980: 5921: 5899: 5869: 5847: 5789: 5766: 5738: 5670: 5636: 5545: 5448: 5402: 5335: 5305: 5275: 5253: 5222: 5192: 5161: 5131: 5105: 5075: 5060:Martin Plaut (7 January 2024). 5025: 4979: 4880: 4849: 4818: 4787: 4769: 4739: 4709: 4678: 4648: 4624:Kifle, Shuwa (16 August 2021). 4300: 3978:, and one non-African country, 3725:descended into violence in 2023 3707:Ethiopian refugee camp in Sudan 3272:On 4 June 2021, the non-profit 2983:Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement 2124:rockets at the Eritrean capital 912:162,000–600,000 civilians (per 356:Agew Liberation Front (2021–22) 17105: 16924:The Lancet Infectious Diseases 15805:. Geopolitics Press. July 2021 14019:"Genocide Emergency: Ethiopia" 13993:"Genocide Emergency: Ethiopia" 12398:Anna, Cara (29 October 2022). 9593:Walsh, Declan (11 July 2021). 9411:Storchi, L. (6 January 2021). 9055:Mak, Getu (13 February 2021). 7612:Gebre, Samuel (10 June 2020). 7188:Maasho, Aaron (11 June 2018). 7163:York, Geoffrey (8 July 2018). 4617: 4482: 4434: 4403: 4377: 3762:Role of online social networks 3235:international human rights law 2095:forces took over and occupied 1864:, the prime minister, and the 1824:The TPLF, led by its chairman 1602:war crimes during the conflict 1218: 1080:Somaliland War of Independence 134:; cemetery for victims of the 32:This article contains several 13: 1: 17286:ENDF National Unity Offensive 17229:2020 Tigray regional election 17219:COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia 17140:1995 Constitution of Ethiopia 17005:10.1080/23311886.2023.2209991 16936:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00304-8 15233:Boechat, Yan (20 June 2021). 12961:Maruf, Harun (26 July 2022). 12897:Faruk, Omar (5 August 2022). 11240:. Reuters. 20 December 2021. 11079:. Reuters. 12 December 2021. 9853:Collins, Tom (19 July 2021). 9506:Burke, Jason (8 March 2021). 9444:Burke, Jason (2 April 2021). 8941:Burke, Jason (4 April 2021). 7427:AfricaNews (3 January 2019). 5521:Negash, Emnet (24 May 2023). 4563:Anna, Cara (11 August 2021). 4466:. Al Jazeera. 17 April 2021. 4370: 4183:Continued Eritrean occupation 3867:Restriction of media coverage 3641:. They have also claimed the 3289:Ethnic profiling of Tigrayans 2785:at least 56 from an airstrike 2733:ENDF National Unity Offensive 2686:had occurred in Addis Ababa. 1976:interim government for Tigray 1914:1995 Constitution of Ethiopia 1797:2020 Tigray regional election 1793:COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia 1697:(EPRDF), a coalition of four 1655: 1587:peace and mediation proposals 1527:between forces allied to the 122:A man passing by a destroyed 19388:History of the Amhara Region 19378:History of the Tigray Region 18446:Internment camps in Ethiopia 18107:Persecution of Amhara people 18034:2014 Addis Ababa Master Plan 17599:Casualties of the Tigray war 17385:Ethiopian federal government 17204:2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit 16871:Emerging Infectious Diseases 16508:Kibrom (26 September 2023). 15527:Harter, Fred (15 May 2023). 15363:Cara, Anna (11 March 2021). 13701:Anna, Cara (26 April 2021). 12639:. Reuters. 2 December 2022. 10062:Admin, NP (12 August 2021). 10039:. Al Jazeera. 25 July 2021. 9895:. Al Jazeera. 15 July 2021. 9765:Burke, Jason (6 July 2021). 9651:. Yahoo News. 28 June 2021. 8486:Kirby, Jen (24 April 2021). 7105:Schemm, Paul (8 July 2018). 5883:. Reuters. 9 November 2020. 5831:Kirby, Jen (24 April 2021). 5115:. Al Jazeera. 10 July 2021. 4056: 4007: 3883:2021–2022 state of emergency 3216:War crimes in the Tigray war 3212:Casualties of the Tigray war 3014: 2702:six-month state of emergency 2653:Fall of Dessie and Kombolcha 1883:Eritrean Minister of Defence 1746:20-year long border conflict 1529:Ethiopian federal government 1136:Djiboutian–Eritrean conflict 972:Eritrean War of Independence 226:The government and the TPLF 7: 18659:Federal Democratic Republic 15771:"What's going on in Tigray" 15550:Nashed, Mat (23 May 2023). 11683:. Reuters. 24 August 2022. 9799:. France 24. 13 July 2021. 9570:. Al Jazeera. 21 May 2021. 7975:(Report). 3 November 2021. 4338: 4318: 4212: 4049:Reactions to the Tigray war 3810: 3699:Ethiopian refugees in Sudan 3453:to protect themselves from 3115:, destroyed by fighting in 3021:Spillover of the Tigray war 2684:roundup of ethnic Tigrayans 2501:to its east, prompting the 2364:Tigray along with parts of 2172:, and began moving towards 2083:, and the ENDF carried out 1917:the constitutional order." 1813:. The terms of federal and 1689:in 1991, Ethiopia became a 1301: 10: 19404: 19383:History of the Afar Region 19353:Ethnicity-based civil wars 18142:Benishangul-Gumuz conflict 17936:ACHPR Tigray investigation 17178:2016–18 state of emergency 16916:Burki, Talha (June 2022). 16860:– via Sage Journals. 15060:will find once allowed in. 14308:Lumb, David (4 May 2023). 9029:International Crisis Group 5855:"The conflict in Ethiopia" 5289:(in Arabic). 6 June 2021. 4046: 3939: 3870: 3814: 3772:Claire Wilmot, writing in 3765: 3734: 3696: 3622: 3525: 3480: 3403:ACHPR Tigray investigation 3332: 3326: 3292: 3250: 3244: 3209: 3150:Alleged Somali involvement 3100: 3062: 3032: 3018: 2980: 2937:peace and conflict studies 2912: 2810: 2730: 2693: 2645: 2639: 2438:International Crisis Group 2394: 2238:, Tigray Region; June 2021 2156:district and the towns of 2137: 1985: 1940: 1927:Timeline of the Tigray war 1924: 1891:In late October 2020, the 1790: 1707:prime minister of Ethiopia 1678: 1664: 1600:forces and TDF, committed 248:Status of Tigray Region's 31: 19244: 19182: 19065: 19056: 18971: 18962: 18913: 18834: 18825: 18772: 18724: 18720: 18711: 18512: 18454: 18428: 18393: 18377: 18368: 18285: 18260: 18221: 18193: 18175: 18150: 18132: 18117:Finote Selam drone strike 18082: 18059: 18052: 18021: 17958: 17928: 17912: 17885: 17805: 17724: 17646: 17628: 17607: 17591: 17584: 17517: 17496: 17465: 17370: 17363: 17337: 17299: 17241: 17191: 17128:History of Western Tigray 17120: 17113: 16842:10.1177/09750878231170177 16283:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 16060:Reporters Without Borders 12495:. AFP. 13 November 2022. 8005:. AFP. 27 November 2020. 6675:France 24 (The Observers) 4327: 4310: 3960:Tigray Independence Party 3463:World Health Organization 3097:International involvement 2989:AU Commission Chairperson 2837:destroyed by an airstrike 2617:, to discuss the crisis. 2465:, including the towns of 2336:According to a report by 1685:Following the end of the 1309: 1228: 1011:Ethiopian–Somali conflict 967: 873: 814: 759: 629: 430: 262: 157: 64: 56: 51: 19373:Ethiopia–Sudan relations 18681:War in Somalia (2006–09) 18208:Ethnic violence in Konso 18102:2022 North Shewa clashes 18044:2014–2016 Oromo protests 17856:Destruction of Heritage 17251:Northern Command attacks 17063:Ethiopia: events of 2022 17058:Ethiopia: events of 2021 17053:Ethiopia: events of 2020 16704:. AFP. 11 December 2022. 6826:. AP. 15 November 2022. 4273: 3335:Hawzen in the Tigray war 3028: 2140:Mekelle offensive (2020) 1937:Northern Command attacks 1769:Ethiopian Federal Police 1671:2014–2016 Oromo protests 1280:National Unity offensive 1141:Ethiopian civil conflict 130:; destroyed building in 19368:Eritrea–Sudan relations 18358:Eritrean Defence Forces 18039:2015 Ethiopian uprising 17488:Eritrean Defence Forces 17276:TDF–OLA joint offensive 16527:10.1111/1471-0528.17677 12443:. AP. 25 October 2022. 10436:The Wall Street Journal 5972:Debretsion Gebremichael 5143:Aviation Safety Network 3528:Shire in the Tigray war 3259:crimes against humanity 3144:Debretsion Gebremichael 3069:In late July 2022, the 2909:Full-scale mobilization 2642:TDF–OLA joint offensive 2536:On 4 August 2021, some 1826:Debretsion Gebremichael 1552:Eritrean Defence Forces 1275:TDF–OLA joint offensive 1112:Hanish Islands conflict 573:Fetlework Gebregziabher 561:Debretsion Gebremichael 386:Kimant Democratic Party 380:Somali State Resistance 242:formed on 23 March 2023 197:Eritrea–Ethiopia border 19348:Wars involving Eritrea 19343:Civil wars in Ethiopia 19009:Industrial development 18923:National Defense Force 18664:Eritrean–Ethiopian War 17355:Interim Administration 17224:Hachalu Hundessa riots 17173:2014–16 Oromo protests 17145:Eritrean–Ethiopian War 16992:Cogent Social Sciences 16883:10.3201/eid2808.220397 12135:Responsible Statecraft 6424:"The massacre in Axum" 4347: 4245:Eritrean–Ethiopian War 4160:downgraded Ethiopia's 4075: 3946:Several proposals for 3942:Tigrayan peace process 3768:Mass media in Ethiopia 3708: 3639:ethnic regional states 3620: 3611:Western Zone of Tigray 3492: 3458: 3422: 3344: 3283:ten stages of genocide 3225: 3119: 3048: 2915:Battle of Shire (2022) 2885: 2861: 2840: 2835:Playground in Mekelle 2742: 2662: 2574: 2454: 2418: 2353: 2313:and localities around 2290: 2239: 2149: 1992:Humera massacre (2020) 1970:, the creation of the 1952: 1908:Constitutional context 1902:terrorist organization 1853: 1846:2020 regional election 1713:, the chairman of the 1693:under the rule of the 1606:extrajudicial killings 1117:Eritrean–Ethiopian War 1102:Second Afar insurgency 994:Somali–Kenyan conflict 984:1961 revolt in Somalia 896:13,000,000 in need of 780:c. 500,000 (Oct 2022) 431:Commanders and leaders 18703:Territorial evolution 18598:Italo-Ethiopian wars 18353:Sudanese Armed Forces 18336:Tigray Defence Forces 18318:Oromo Liberation Army 18185:Oromia–Somali clashes 18029:Ethnic discrimination 17895:Hamdayet (Ethiopians) 17483:Tigray Defense Forces 17261:Asmara rocket attacks 17157:Elections in Ethiopia 16439:Amnesty International 14768:. 13 September 2021. 14589:Amnesty International 14538:Amnesty International 14507:Amnesty International 13970:Amnesty International 12838:The Reporter Ethiopia 11918:. 20 September 2022. 11888:. 20 September 2022. 11830:. 16 September 2022. 11800:. 14 September 2022. 11739:. 13 September 2022. 11523:on 19 September 2022. 10314:. 30 September 2021. 8089:Ethiopian News Agency 7819:. 29 September 2020. 6934:. 21 September 2012. 6881:. 21 September 2012. 6549:on 26 September 2021. 6511:Amnesty International 6428:Amnesty International 5731:on 11 November 2022. 5650:. AFP. 26 July 2022. 4069: 3871:Further information: 3735:Further information: 3706: 3697:Further information: 3618: 3490: 3481:Further information: 3448: 3420: 3342: 3223: 3110: 3101:Further information: 3053:Ethiopia–Sudan border 3045:Ethiopia–Sudan border 3042: 2913:Further information: 2879: 2859: 2834: 2811:Further information: 2740: 2694:Further information: 2660: 2646:Further information: 2572: 2452: 2404: 2351: 2344:TDF regains territory 2288: 2248:Amnesty International 2229: 2216:Tigray Defense Forces 2147: 2043:Amnesty International 1950: 1839: 1791:Further information: 1665:Further information: 1571:Oromo Liberation Army 1567:Tigray Defense Forces 1539:(TPLF) on the other. 1535:on one side, and the 1016:1963 Ogaden Rebellion 960:in the Horn of Africa 815:Casualties and losses 750:Oromo Liberation Army 738:Tigray Defense Forces 670:Amhara Special Forces 543:Abraha Kassa Nemariam 531:Filipos Woldeyohannes 19232:World Heritage Sites 19169:Water and sanitation 18594:Menelik's Expansions 17209:Tripartite Agreement 16743:. 12 September 2023. 16238:. 21 December 2020. 16083:. 19 November 2021. 15830:The Ethiopian Herald 15643:. 19 December 2020. 15605:Agence France-Presse 15340:. 19 December 2020. 15268:. 19 December 2020. 15215:World Food Programme 15045:. 16 December 2020. 14996:. 15 December 2020. 14966:. 15 December 2020. 14936:. 15 December 2020. 14163:The New Humanitarian 14095:The New Humanitarian 13129:. 10 December 2020. 13127:The Voice of America 12840:. 19 December 2020. 12765:. 13 November 2020. 12671:. 18 December 2020. 12578:. 21 November 2022. 12548:. 28 December 2022. 12408:. Associated Press. 11947:The New Humanitarian 11486:Agence France-Presse 11272:. 23 December 2021. 11207:. 20 December 2021. 11143:. 16 December 2021. 11111:. 20 December 2021. 10937:. 28 November 2021. 10911:. 26 November 2021. 10856:. 24 November 2021. 10826:. 23 November 2021. 10284:. 9 September 2021. 9357:. 22 February 2021. 9170:. 27 February 2021. 8883:. 29 November 2020. 8835:. 22 November 2020. 8769:. 21 November 2020. 8708:. 18 November 2020. 8438:. 30 November 2020. 8121:. 22 November 2020. 8091:. 17 November 2020. 7851:africanarguments.org 7760:. 17 December 2020. 7669:Agence France-Presse 7391:10.1093/afraf/ady056 7313:. 4 September 2020. 6859:. 25 November 2020. 6700:. 15 November 2021. 6513:. 16 February 2022. 6483:. 9 September 2021. 6430:. 26 February 2021. 6397:. 24 November 2020. 6177:Agence France-Presse 5965:. 15 December 2020. 5935:. 28 November 2020. 5913:. 28 November 2020. 5625:. 10 December 2020. 5594:. 17 December 2020. 5349:. 1 September 2020. 5319:. 4 September 2021. 5089:. 6 September 2021. 4387:. DW. 20 July 2021. 3964:Salsay Weyane Tigray 3920:information blackout 3877:Internet in Ethiopia 3790:Agence France-Presse 3723:further after Sudan 3576:internally displaced 3516:World Food Programme 3309:World Food Programme 3156:Somali National Army 3124:United Arab Emirates 2987:On 25 October 2022, 2801:council of ministers 2710:regional governments 2405:Abandoned school in 2281:Continued insurgency 2108:United Arab Emirates 2104:"Pterosaurus" drones 1866:Council of Ministers 1738:warming of relations 1711:Hailemariam Desalegn 1691:dominant-party state 1626:Hitsats refugee camp 1130:OEF – Horn of Africa 1090:Insurgency in Ogaden 1085:Djiboutian Civil War 892:internally displaced 18436:Al-Fashaga conflict 18069:Afar–Somali clashes 18053:Conflicts by region 16788:on 23 January 2023. 16607:. 22 November 2022. 16208:. 9 December 2021. 16043:on 11 October 2022. 15776:The Washington Post 15736:The Washington Post 15673:. 2 February 2020. 15607:. 3 February 2021. 15405:. 12 October 2021. 14703:. 3 November 2021. 14558:Boezio, Geraldine. 14057:The Daily Telegraph 13367:. 19 January 2021. 13337:. 19 January 2021. 13305:. 19 January 2021. 13272:. 18 January 2021. 13164:on 28 January 2023. 12518:(in Finnish). AFP. 12465:. 28 October 2022. 12281:. 18 October 2022. 12211:The Washington Post 12182:. 17 October 2022. 12164:on 16 October 2022. 12118:on 15 October 2022. 12096:on 15 October 2022. 12069:. 10 October 2022. 11860:The Washington Post 11049:. 7 December 2021. 10967:. 1 December 2021. 10796:. 5 November 2021. 10670:. 1 November 2021. 10635:. 31 October 2021. 10603:. 1 November 2021. 10573:. 30 October 2021. 10476:. 11 October 2021. 9603:. Samre, Ethiopia. 9263:. 4 February 2021. 9135:. 12 January 2021. 8498:on 27 October 2022. 8408:. 17 January 2021. 7845:(4 December 2020). 7350:. 4 November 2020. 7243:The Washington Post 7112:The Washington Post 6902:The Washington Post 6791:. 14 January 2022. 6597:. 10 January 2021. 6567:. 9 December 2021. 5994:. 1 December 2020. 5843:on 27 October 2022. 5803:. 8 December 2020. 5684:. 3 November 2022. 5458:. Financial Times. 5394:. 29 October 2022. 5235:aviation-safety.net 5204:Global Defense Corp 5145:. 6 December 2020. 4753:. 19 October 2022. 4723:. 1 February 2022. 4531:The Washington Post 4257:Ethiopian Civil War 4074:in Mekelle, Tigray. 4070:A wounded child at 3775:The Washington Post 3567:, Amhara (May 2022) 3502:On 31 August 2021, 3440:waterborne diseases 3413:Humanitarian crisis 3399:joint investigation 3059:Al-Shabaab invasion 3035:Al-Fashaga conflict 2884:(13 September 2022) 2781:Ethiopian Air Force 2769:Fighting slows down 2600:Tsadkan Gebretensae 2579:Ethiopian Air Force 2548:executive director 2415:Ethiopian Air Force 2391:Retaking of Mekelle 2269:southeastern Tigray 2037:, were killed in a 1858:House of Federation 1842:registering to vote 1687:Ethiopian Civil War 1650:a widespread famine 1178:Al-Fashaga conflict 1063:Puntland–Somaliland 1048:Ethiopian Civil War 977:Eritrean civil wars 694:Afar Special Forces 585:Tsadkan Gebretensae 120:Clockwise from top: 40:, and not by their 19029:Telecommunications 18943:Army of the Empire 18624:Italian occupation 18579:Ethiopian–Adal War 18537:Kingdom of Wolaita 18203:Gedeo–Guji clashes 18097:2021 Ataye clashes 17047:Human Rights Watch 16782:The Globe and Mail 16646:. 12 January 2023. 16467:The Globe and Mail 16348:. 3 November 2022. 16330:. 2 November 2022. 15539:on 15 August 2023. 15505:. 11 February 2021 15435:. 31 October 2022. 15218:. 25 August 2022. 15169:. 20 August 2022. 15145:. 20 August 2022. 14916:. 28 October 2022. 14898:. 31 October 2022. 14880:. 28 October 2022. 14642:. 16 February 2022 14591:. 16 February 2022 14446:The Globe and Mail 14189:Human Rights Watch 14165:. 16 December 2020 13972:. 16 February 2022 13670:The New York Times 13597:. 15 November 2021 13430:. 21 December 2022 13396:The Globe and Mail 13181:The New York Times 13158:The New York Times 13066:The New York Times 12637:The Globe and Mail 12033:. 5 October 2022. 11653:. 26 August 2022. 11631:. 24 August 2022. 11596:. 26 August 2022. 11571:. 26 August 2022. 11489:. 1 August 2022 . 11333:. 8 January 2022. 11301:The Globe and Mail 10699:The New York Times 10254:. 13 August 2021. 9726:Al Jazeera English 9600:The New York Times 8985:The New York Times 8515:The New York Times 8375:The New York Times 7170:The Globe and Mail 6989:The New York Times 6565:Human Rights Watch 6358:The New York Times 6179:. 24 August 2022. 5495:The Globe and Mail 5039:The New York Times 4953:The New York Times 4783:. 2 November 2022. 4691:The New York Times 4662:. 23 August 2021. 4601:. 25 August 2021. 4361:Unconfirmed report 4263:List of civil wars 4076: 4027:. You can help by 3930:sub-Saharan Africa 3905:genocidal campaign 3846:. You can help by 3754:Internet and media 3709: 3621: 3580:Human Rights Watch 3493: 3459: 3423: 3361:biological warfare 3345: 3304:Ethiopian Airlines 3226: 3190:The Globe and Mail 3177:Ethiopian military 3120: 3049: 2945:human wave attacks 2886: 2882:Mekelle University 2862: 2841: 2743: 2663: 2575: 2455: 2419: 2354: 2291: 2240: 2150: 2106:, launched by the 2076:The New York Times 1988:Mai Kadra massacre 1968:state of emergency 1953: 1898:federal parliament 1854: 1819:federal parliament 1787:Lead-up to the war 1723:growing discontent 1270:Tigrayan offensive 1107:Gedeo–Guji clashes 810:250,000 (Oct 2022) 136:Mai Kadra massacre 19303:Conflicts in 2022 19298:Conflicts in 2021 19293:Conflicts in 2020 19275: 19274: 19240: 19239: 19139:Human trafficking 19052: 19051: 18958: 18957: 18900:Foreign relations 18890:Political parties 18821: 18820: 18817: 18816: 18674:2018 peace summit 18564:Solomonic dynasty 18468: 18467: 18424: 18423: 18256: 18255: 18134:Benishangul-Gumuz 18074:Galikoma massacre 17981: 17980: 17954: 17953: 17840: 17839: 17836: 17835: 17580: 17579: 17576: 17575: 17266:Mekelle offensive 17237: 17236: 16830:Insight on Africa 16722:. 25 April 2023 . 16683:. 3 January 2023. 16628:. 18 August 2023. 16496:. 5 October 2023. 16414:. 4 November 2021 14615:www.aljazeera.com 14480:on 3 October 2022 13794:. 31 January 2021 13571:. 3 November 2021 13187:on 27 March 2023. 10168:. 5 August 2021. 10136:. 5 August 2021. 7671:. 9 August 2020. 7559:. 31 March 2020. 6458:Los Angeles Times 6263:. 20 March 2023. 6140:. 24 March 2022. 5206:. 22 April 2021. 4448:. 23 March 2021. 4336: 4316: 4045: 4044: 3996:appointed TPLF's 3864: 3863: 3731:Eritrean refugees 3713:human traffickers 3693:Refugees in Sudan 3686:Amhara government 3495:According to the 3128:weaponized drones 2995:, announced that 2889:began massing in 2615:Olusegun Obasanjo 2503:Benishangul-Gumuz 2256:Adigrat massacres 2134:Mekelle offensive 2110:from its base in 1921:Course of the war 1850:COVID-19 pandemic 1840:People in Tigray 1830:regional election 1811:COVID-19 pandemic 1807:general elections 1502: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1186: 1185: 1161:Benishangul-Gumuz 923: 922: 507:Agegnehu Teshager 258: 257: 16:(Redirected from 19395: 19318:2022 in Ethiopia 19313:2021 in Ethiopia 19308:2020 in Ethiopia 19260: 19253: 19063: 19062: 18989: 18969: 18968: 18938:Military history 18832: 18831: 18722: 18721: 18718: 18717: 18639:1974 coup d'état 18584:Gondarine period 18574:Kingdom of Kaffa 18542:Ethiopian Empire 18532:Kingdom of Aksum 18495: 18488: 18481: 18472: 18471: 18460: 18459: 18375: 18374: 18057: 18056: 18008: 18001: 17994: 17985: 17984: 17973: 17972: 17964: 17963: 17644: 17643: 17635: 17634: 17620:Internment camps 17615:Ethnic profiling 17589: 17588: 17538: 17537: 17455: 17453: 17452: 17442: 17440: 17439: 17429: 17428: 17427: 17418: 17416: 17415: 17401: 17397: 17395: 17394: 17383: 17382: 17381: 17368: 17367: 17256:Battle of Humera 17133:Welkait question 17118: 17117: 17100: 17093: 17086: 17077: 17076: 17072:– United Nations 17049:(World Reports) 17036: 17017: 17007: 16982: 16963: 16921: 16912: 16902: 16877:(8): 1722–1724. 16861: 16827: 16809: 16808: 16796: 16790: 16789: 16784:. 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4811: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4721:My Views on News 4713: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4560: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4535:Associated Press 4522: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4438: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4381: 4364: 4357: 4351: 4341: 4331: 4329: 4321: 4315:romanized: 4314: 4312: 4304: 4298: 4287: 4240:2020 in Ethiopia 4229: 4224: 4223: 4222: 4130:and March 2023, 4091:infant mortality 4040: 4037: 4019: 4012: 3901:Associated Press 3859: 3856: 3838: 3831: 3560: 3544: 3477:Humanitarian aid 3300:Ethnic profiling 3199:Voice of America 3111:A Chinese-built 2970:Associated Press 2903:second airstrike 2899:North Wollo Zone 2839:(26 August 2022) 2607:famine in Tigray 2527:Port of Djibouti 2375:war of attrition 2338:Ghent University 2017: 2008: 1996:Battle of Humera 1761:Prosperity Party 1732:(OPDO) chairman 1699:ethnically based 1304: 1298: 1297: 1238:Northern Command 1223: 1213: 1206: 1199: 1190: 1189: 1053:Somali Civil War 962: 949: 942: 935: 926: 925: 914:Ghent University 887:(20,000 missing) 866: 865: 864: 852: 851: 850: 829: 828: 827: 809: 808: 807: 791: 789: 788: 779: 778: 777: 772: 771: 770: 748: 747: 746: 736: 735: 734: 704: 703: 702: 692: 691: 690: 680: 679: 678: 668: 667: 666: 642: 619: 618: 617: 607: 606: 605: 595: 594: 593: 583: 582: 581: 571: 570: 569: 559: 558: 557: 541: 540: 529: 528: 517: 516: 505: 504: 493: 492: 481: 480: 469: 468: 457: 456: 445: 444: 420: 419: 418: 407: 406: 405: 397: 396: 395: 378: 377: 376: 365: 364: 363: 355: 354: 353: 342: 341: 340: 323: 321: 320: 307: 306: 305: 291: 289: 288: 278: 276: 275: 159: 158: 114: 105: 94: 85: 74: 49: 48: 21: 19403: 19402: 19398: 19397: 19396: 19394: 19393: 19392: 19333:2022 in Eritrea 19328:2021 in Eritrea 19323:2020 in Eritrea 19278: 19277: 19276: 19271: 19263: 19256: 19249: 19236: 19178: 19164:Public holidays 19149:Law enforcement 19048: 18987: 18954: 18909: 18813: 18768: 18707: 18669:Border conflict 18589:Zemene Mesafint 18527:Kingdom of Dʿmt 18508: 18499: 18469: 18464: 18450: 18420: 18389: 18370: 18364: 18281: 18275:peace agreement 18262:Peace processes 18252: 18217: 18189: 18171: 18146: 18128: 18122:Merawi massacre 18078: 18048: 18017: 18012: 17982: 17977: 17950: 17924: 17908: 17881: 17845:Sexual violence 17832: 17801: 17720: 17624: 17603: 17572: 17536: 17519: 17513: 17492: 17461: 17450: 17448: 17437: 17435: 17425: 17423: 17413: 17411: 17392: 17390: 17379: 17377: 17359: 17333: 17295: 17291:Battle of Shire 17271:Operation Alula 17233: 17187: 17150:border conflict 17109: 17104: 17043: 16818: 16816:Further reading 16813: 16812: 16797: 16793: 16774: 16767: 16752: 16748: 16735: 16734: 16727: 16714: 16713: 16709: 16696: 16695: 16688: 16675: 16674: 16670: 16655: 16651: 16638: 16637: 16633: 16620: 16619: 16612: 16599: 16598: 16594: 16587:Financial Times 16579: 16575: 16558: 16551: 16505: 16501: 16488: 16487: 16483: 16473: 16471: 16460: 16459: 16455: 16445: 16443: 16432: 16431: 16427: 16417: 16415: 16404: 16403: 16399: 16389: 16387: 16376: 16375: 16371: 16358: 16357: 16353: 16340: 16339: 16335: 16322: 16321: 16317: 16296: 16292: 16276: 16275: 16263: 16262: 16258: 16248: 16246: 16242: 16229: 16225: 16224: 16220: 16198: 16197: 16193: 16172: 16168: 16147: 16143: 16122: 16118: 16105: 16104: 16100: 16090: 16088: 16073: 16072: 16068: 16053: 16052: 16048: 16027: 16023: 15998: 15994: 15973: 15969: 15948: 15944: 15919: 15915: 15905: 15903: 15886: 15882: 15872: 15870: 15853: 15849: 15839: 15837: 15822: 15818: 15808: 15806: 15801: 15800: 15796: 15786: 15784: 15767: 15756: 15746: 15744: 15727: 15718: 15708: 15706: 15694: 15690: 15680: 15678: 15665: 15664: 15660: 15650: 15648: 15629: 15628: 15624: 15614: 15612: 15593: 15592: 15588: 15583:on 2 July 2023. 15567: 15563: 15548: 15544: 15525: 15518: 15508: 15506: 15495: 15494: 15490: 15473: 15469: 15459: 15457: 15448: 15447: 15440: 15427: 15426: 15422: 15412: 15410: 15395: 15394: 15390: 15380: 15378: 15361: 15357: 15347: 15345: 15330: 15329: 15325: 15312: 15310: 15293: 15289: 15275: 15273: 15260: 15259: 15248: 15231: 15227: 15208: 15207: 15203: 15182: 15178: 15159: 15158: 15154: 15142:The Irish Times 15133: 15132: 15128: 15114: 15112: 15103: 15102: 15098: 15085: 15083: 15073: 15066: 15052: 15050: 15037: 15036: 15032: 15017: 15013: 15003: 15001: 14988: 14987: 14983: 14973: 14971: 14958: 14957: 14953: 14943: 14941: 14926: 14925: 14921: 14908: 14907: 14903: 14890: 14889: 14885: 14872: 14871: 14867: 14857: 14855: 14851: 14838: 14834: 14833: 14826: 14816: 14814: 14810: 14797: 14793: 14792: 14785: 14775: 14773: 14760: 14759: 14755: 14745: 14743: 14738:. 12 May 2021. 14728: 14727: 14723: 14713: 14711: 14707: 14690: 14686: 14685: 14681: 14671: 14669: 14659: 14655: 14645: 14643: 14634: 14633: 14629: 14619: 14617: 14609: 14608: 14604: 14594: 14592: 14583: 14582: 14578: 14568: 14566: 14556: 14552: 14542: 14540: 14532: 14531: 14522: 14512: 14510: 14501: 14500: 14493: 14483: 14481: 14464: 14460: 14450: 14448: 14438: 14434: 14422: 14418: 14417: 14413: 14403: 14401: 14383: 14376: 14366: 14364: 14362:The Irish Times 14356: 14355: 14351: 14341: 14339: 14326: 14325: 14321: 14306: 14302: 14293: 14291: 14284: 14283: 14274: 14260: 14258: 14241: 14237: 14227: 14225: 14208: 14204: 14194: 14192: 14183: 14182: 14178: 14168: 14166: 14157: 14156: 14152: 14138: 14136: 14119: 14115: 14105: 14103: 14086: 14077: 14067: 14065: 14048: 14044: 14034: 14032: 14015: 14011: 14001: 13999: 13989: 13985: 13975: 13973: 13964: 13963: 13959: 13949: 13947: 13946:. 13 March 2021 13938: 13937: 13933: 13923: 13921: 13912: 13911: 13907: 13897: 13895: 13886: 13885: 13881: 13871: 13869: 13864: 13863: 13859: 13849: 13847: 13838: 13837: 13833: 13823: 13821: 13812: 13811: 13807: 13797: 13795: 13786: 13785: 13781: 13771: 13769: 13760: 13759: 13755: 13749:"unacceptable." 13741: 13739: 13729: 13725: 13711: 13709: 13699: 13695: 13682: 13680: 13662: 13658: 13648: 13646: 13637: 13636: 13632: 13622: 13620: 13615: 13614: 13610: 13600: 13598: 13589: 13588: 13584: 13574: 13572: 13563: 13562: 13558: 13548: 13546: 13544:Financial Times 13538: 13537: 13533: 13523: 13521: 13516:. 9 June 2021. 13506: 13505: 13501: 13491: 13489: 13478: 13474: 13464: 13462: 13451: 13450: 13446: 13433: 13431: 13420: 13419: 13415: 13405: 13403: 13388: 13384: 13374: 13372: 13359: 13358: 13354: 13344: 13342: 13327: 13326: 13322: 13312: 13310: 13297: 13296: 13289: 13279: 13277: 13262: 13261: 13254: 13244: 13242: 13227: 13223: 13210: 13208: 13197: 13196: 13192: 13173: 13169: 13150: 13146: 13136: 13134: 13121: 13120: 13116: 13106: 13104: 13089: 13085: 13075: 13073: 13058: 13051: 13041: 13039: 13024: 13020: 13010: 13008: 12993: 12992: 12988: 12978: 12976: 12959: 12955: 12945: 12943: 12926: 12922: 12912: 12910: 12895: 12891: 12878: 12876: 12861: 12857: 12847: 12845: 12832: 12831: 12827: 12811: 12810: 12803: 12801: 12786: 12782: 12772: 12770: 12757: 12756: 12752: 12742: 12740: 12725: 12721: 12711: 12709: 12692: 12688: 12678: 12676: 12661: 12660: 12656: 12646: 12644: 12631: 12630: 12626: 12616: 12614: 12599: 12595: 12585: 12583: 12570: 12569: 12565: 12555: 12553: 12540: 12539: 12535: 12525: 12523: 12508: 12504: 12487: 12486: 12482: 12472: 12470: 12457: 12456: 12452: 12433: 12432: 12428: 12415: 12413: 12396: 12392: 12382: 12380: 12365: 12361: 12351: 12349: 12339:Washington Post 12333: 12332: 12328: 12318: 12316: 12303: 12302: 12298: 12288: 12286: 12273: 12272: 12268: 12258: 12256: 12243: 12242: 12238: 12228: 12226: 12203: 12199: 12189: 12187: 12174: 12173: 12169: 12150: 12146: 12127: 12123: 12106: 12105: 12101: 12082: 12078: 12055: 12054: 12050: 12040: 12038: 12025: 12024: 12020: 12001: 11997: 11987: 11985: 11970: 11966: 11956: 11954: 11939: 11935: 11925: 11923: 11910: 11909: 11905: 11895: 11893: 11880: 11879: 11875: 11865: 11863: 11851: 11847: 11837: 11835: 11822: 11821: 11817: 11807: 11805: 11792: 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10881: 10880: 10873: 10863: 10861: 10848: 10847: 10843: 10833: 10831: 10818: 10817: 10813: 10803: 10801: 10788: 10787: 10783: 10773: 10771: 10756: 10752: 10742: 10740: 10731: 10730: 10726: 10716: 10714: 10691: 10687: 10677: 10675: 10662: 10661: 10652: 10642: 10640: 10625: 10624: 10620: 10610: 10608: 10595: 10594: 10590: 10580: 10578: 10563: 10562: 10558: 10548: 10546: 10531: 10524: 10514: 10512: 10497: 10493: 10483: 10481: 10468: 10467: 10463: 10453: 10451: 10428: 10424: 10414: 10412: 10397: 10393: 10383: 10381: 10366: 10357: 10347: 10345: 10336: 10335: 10331: 10321: 10319: 10306: 10305: 10301: 10291: 10289: 10276: 10275: 10271: 10261: 10259: 10246: 10245: 10241: 10231: 10229: 10220: 10219: 10215: 10205: 10203: 10190: 10189: 10185: 10175: 10173: 10158: 10157: 10153: 10143: 10141: 10126: 10125: 10121: 10108: 10106: 10091: 10087: 10077: 10075: 10060: 10056: 10046: 10044: 10035: 10034: 10030: 10020: 10018: 10005: 10004: 10000: 9990: 9988: 9977: 9973: 9963: 9961: 9948: 9947: 9943: 9933: 9931: 9916: 9912: 9902: 9900: 9891: 9890: 9886: 9876: 9874: 9851: 9847: 9837: 9835: 9820: 9816: 9806: 9804: 9795: 9794: 9790: 9780: 9778: 9763: 9759: 9742: 9741: 9737: 9720: 9719: 9715: 9698: 9697: 9690: 9673: 9672: 9668: 9658: 9656: 9647: 9646: 9642: 9632: 9630: 9617: 9616: 9612: 9591: 9587: 9577: 9575: 9566: 9565: 9561: 9551: 9549: 9536: 9535: 9531: 9521: 9519: 9504: 9500: 9490: 9488: 9473: 9469: 9459: 9457: 9442: 9438: 9428: 9426: 9409: 9405: 9395: 9393: 9378: 9374: 9364: 9362: 9349: 9348: 9344: 9334: 9332: 9323: 9322: 9318: 9308: 9306: 9289: 9280: 9270: 9268: 9261:The Independent 9255: 9254: 9250: 9240: 9238: 9225: 9224: 9217: 9207: 9205: 9190: 9179: 9160: 9159: 9155: 9145: 9143: 9139: 9126: 9122: 9121: 9117: 9107: 9105: 9086: 9082: 9072: 9070: 9053: 9049: 9039: 9037: 9022: 9021: 9012: 9002: 9000: 8977: 8966: 8956: 8954: 8939: 8928: 8918: 8916: 8901: 8892: 8875: 8874: 8870: 8857: 8856: 8852: 8842: 8840: 8827: 8826: 8822: 8812: 8810: 8806: 8795: 8791: 8790: 8786: 8776: 8774: 8761: 8760: 8756: 8746: 8744: 8729: 8725: 8715: 8713: 8700: 8699: 8695: 8685: 8683: 8679: 8668: 8664: 8663: 8659: 8649: 8647: 8638: 8637: 8633: 8623: 8621: 8612: 8611: 8607: 8596: 8594: 8590: 8583: 8579: 8578: 8574: 8564: 8562: 8558: 8551: 8547: 8546: 8542: 8532: 8530: 8507: 8503: 8484: 8480: 8470: 8468: 8451: 8447: 8430: 8429: 8425: 8415: 8413: 8400: 8399: 8395: 8385: 8383: 8366: 8362: 8352: 8350: 8342:Daily Telegraph 8332: 8328: 8312: 8311: 8304: 8302: 8287: 8283: 8273: 8271: 8264:Financial Times 8256: 8252: 8242: 8240: 8231: 8230: 8226: 8216: 8214: 8199: 8195: 8185: 8183: 8168: 8164: 8154: 8152: 8143: 8142: 8138: 8128: 8126: 8113: 8112: 8108: 8098: 8096: 8083: 8082: 8078: 8064: 8062: 8051: 8047: 8037: 8035: 8026: 8025: 8018: 7997: 7996: 7992: 7982: 7980: 7970: 7969: 7965: 7955: 7953: 7949: 7938: 7934: 7933: 7929: 7919: 7917: 7908: 7907: 7903: 7893: 7891: 7874: 7870: 7860: 7858: 7840: 7836: 7826: 7824: 7809: 7808: 7804: 7794: 7792: 7781: 7777: 7767: 7765: 7752: 7751: 7747: 7737: 7735: 7718: 7714: 7704: 7702: 7693: 7692: 7688: 7678: 7676: 7663: 7662: 7658: 7648: 7646: 7635: 7631: 7610: 7606: 7596: 7594: 7581: 7580: 7576: 7566: 7564: 7551: 7550: 7546: 7536: 7534: 7519: 7512: 7502: 7500: 7485: 7478: 7468: 7466: 7457: 7456: 7452: 7442: 7440: 7425: 7418: 7408: 7406: 7379:African Affairs 7371: 7367: 7357: 7355: 7342: 7341: 7330: 7320: 7318: 7305: 7304: 7300: 7290: 7288: 7283:. 12 May 2021. 7275: 7274: 7270: 7260: 7258: 7237: 7236: 7232: 7211: 7207: 7186: 7182: 7161: 7157: 7147: 7145: 7128: 7124: 7103: 7099: 7089: 7087: 7078: 7077: 7073: 7063: 7061: 7052: 7051: 7047: 7037: 7035: 7020: 7016: 7006: 7004: 6981: 6977: 6967: 6965: 6956: 6955: 6951: 6941: 6939: 6926: 6925: 6921: 6894: 6890: 6873: 6872: 6868: 6851: 6850: 6843: 6833: 6831: 6816: 6815: 6808: 6798: 6796: 6783: 6782: 6778: 6768: 6766: 6751: 6747: 6737: 6735: 6730:. 14 May 2021. 6722: 6721: 6717: 6707: 6705: 6692: 6691: 6687: 6666: 6662: 6650:Financial Times 6641: 6637: 6616: 6609: 6601: 6588: 6584: 6583: 6576: 6559: 6558: 6554: 6535: 6534: 6530: 6520: 6518: 6505: 6504: 6500: 6490: 6488: 6475: 6474: 6470: 6449: 6442: 6434: 6422: 6421: 6414: 6404: 6402: 6387: 6386: 6377: 6350: 6346: 6336: 6334: 6333:. 29 March 2021 6323: 6322: 6311: 6301: 6299: 6284: 6280: 6270: 6268: 6255: 6254: 6247: 6234: 6233: 6222: 6212: 6210: 6195: 6188: 6165: 6164: 6157: 6147: 6145: 6132: 6131: 6124: 6103: 6099: 6078: 6069: 6048: 6041: 6031: 6029: 6016: 6015: 6011: 5986: 5985: 5981: 5955: 5954: 5947: 5927: 5926: 5922: 5905: 5904: 5900: 5890: 5888: 5875: 5874: 5870: 5853: 5852: 5848: 5829: 5812: 5795: 5794: 5790: 5771: 5767: 5757: 5755: 5743: 5739: 5728: 5717: 5713: 5712: 5701: 5691: 5689: 5676: 5675: 5671: 5657: 5655: 5642: 5641: 5637: 5615: 5614: 5607: 5584: 5583: 5579: 5566: 5564: 5551: 5550: 5546: 5532: 5530: 5519: 5510: 5484: 5475: 5465: 5463: 5454: 5453: 5449: 5428: 5421: 5408: 5407: 5403: 5380: 5379: 5366: 5356: 5354: 5341: 5340: 5336: 5326: 5324: 5311: 5310: 5306: 5296: 5294: 5281: 5280: 5276: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5244: 5242: 5229:Ranter, Harro. 5227: 5223: 5213: 5211: 5198: 5197: 5193: 5183: 5181: 5166: 5162: 5152: 5150: 5137: 5136: 5132: 5122: 5120: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5096: 5094: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5066: 5064: 5058: 5054: 5044: 5042: 5030: 5026: 5005: 4998: 4985: 4984: 4980: 4970: 4968: 4945: 4941: 4931: 4929: 4916: 4915: 4911: 4901: 4899: 4892:Asharq AL-awsat 4886: 4885: 4881: 4871: 4869: 4854: 4850: 4840: 4838: 4823: 4819: 4809: 4807: 4792: 4788: 4775: 4774: 4770: 4760: 4758: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4715: 4714: 4710: 4700: 4698: 4683: 4679: 4669: 4667: 4654: 4653: 4649: 4639: 4637: 4622: 4618: 4608: 4606: 4593: 4592: 4588: 4578: 4576: 4561: 4554: 4544: 4542: 4523: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4487: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4462: 4461: 4457: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4425: 4423: 4408: 4404: 4394: 4392: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4367: 4358: 4354: 4339:Tigrāy t'Orinet 4305: 4301: 4288: 4281: 4276: 4235:2020 in Eritrea 4225: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4185: 4132:government debt 4127: 4125:Economic impact 4099:UNICEF Ethiopia 4064: 4059: 4051: 4041: 4035: 4032: 4025:needs expansion 4010: 4000:as head of the 3944: 3938: 3879: 3869: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3844:needs expansion 3819: 3813: 3770: 3764: 3756: 3739: 3733: 3701: 3695: 3676:In March 2021, 3645:(districts) of 3627: 3613: 3593:Fantí Rasu zone 3572: 3571: 3570: 3569: 3568: 3561: 3553: 3552: 3545: 3534: 3524: 3485: 3479: 3415: 3387: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3323:Sexual violence 3297: 3291: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3218: 3210:Main articles: 3208: 3152: 3105: 3099: 3073:militant group 3067: 3061: 3037: 3031: 3023: 3017: 2985: 2979: 2941:Kjetil Tronvoll 2917: 2829: 2815: 2809: 2735: 2729: 2698: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2463:southern Tigray 2399: 2397:Operation Alula 2388: 2261:A witness told 2206: 2142: 2064:Daily Telegraph 2052:Financial Times 2027: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2010: 2009: 1998: 1986:Main articles: 1982:Early massacres 1945: 1934: 1929: 1923: 1910: 1852:. (August 2020) 1799: 1789: 1683: 1677: 1663: 1658: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1494: 1305: 1302: 1296: 1265:Operation Alula 1224: 1219: 1217: 1187: 1182: 1122:border conflict 1036:2022 Al-Shabaab 963: 959: 955: 953: 919: 902: 862: 860: 856: 848: 846: 825: 823: 805: 803: 796:Special Forces: 786: 784: 775: 773: 768: 766: 755: 744: 742: 732: 730: 724: 721: 700: 698: 688: 686: 676: 674: 664: 662: 659: 625: 615: 613: 603: 601: 591: 589: 579: 577: 567: 565: 555: 553: 547: 535: 523: 519:Isaias Afewerki 511: 499: 487: 475: 463: 451: 439: 416: 414: 403: 401: 393: 391: 374: 372: 361: 359: 351: 349: 338: 336: 318: 316: 312: 303: 301: 297: 286: 284: 273: 271: 221:Peace Agreement 211: 166: 153: 152: 151: 150: 121: 117: 116: 115: 107: 106: 97: 96: 95: 87: 86: 77: 76: 75: 45: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 19401: 19391: 19390: 19385: 19380: 19375: 19370: 19365: 19360: 19355: 19350: 19345: 19340: 19335: 19330: 19325: 19320: 19315: 19310: 19305: 19300: 19295: 19290: 19273: 19272: 19270: 19269: 19262: 19261: 19254: 19246: 19245: 19242: 19241: 19238: 19237: 19235: 19234: 19229: 19224: 19219: 19214: 19209: 19204: 19194: 19188: 19186: 19180: 19179: 19177: 19176: 19171: 19166: 19161: 19156: 19151: 19146: 19141: 19136: 19135: 19134: 19124: 19123: 19122: 19117: 19112: 19102: 19097: 19092: 19087: 19082: 19077: 19075:Child marriage 19072: 19066: 19060: 19054: 19053: 19050: 19049: 19047: 19046: 19041: 19036: 19031: 19026: 19021: 19016: 19011: 19006: 19001: 18996: 18991: 18983: 18978: 18972: 18966: 18960: 18959: 18956: 18955: 18953: 18952: 18951: 18950: 18945: 18935: 18930: 18925: 18919: 18917: 18911: 18910: 18908: 18907: 18902: 18897: 18892: 18887: 18882: 18877: 18876: 18875: 18868:Prime Minister 18865: 18864: 18863: 18853: 18848: 18847: 18846: 18835: 18829: 18823: 18822: 18819: 18818: 18815: 18814: 18812: 18811: 18806: 18801: 18796: 18791: 18790: 18789: 18778: 18776: 18774:Administrative 18770: 18769: 18767: 18766: 18761: 18756: 18751: 18746: 18741: 18736: 18730: 18728: 18715: 18709: 18708: 18706: 18705: 18700: 18698:Historiography 18695: 18694: 18693: 18686:Civil conflict 18683: 18678: 18677: 18676: 18671: 18661: 18656: 18651: 18646: 18641: 18636: 18631: 18626: 18621: 18616: 18615: 18614: 18609: 18604: 18596: 18591: 18586: 18581: 18576: 18571: 18566: 18561: 18560: 18559: 18554: 18544: 18539: 18534: 18529: 18524: 18518: 18516: 18510: 18509: 18498: 18497: 18490: 18483: 18475: 18466: 18465: 18455: 18452: 18451: 18449: 18448: 18443: 18438: 18432: 18430: 18426: 18425: 18422: 18421: 18419: 18418: 18413: 18408: 18403: 18397: 18395: 18391: 18390: 18388: 18387: 18381: 18379: 18372: 18366: 18365: 18363: 18362: 18361: 18360: 18355: 18348:Foreign forces 18345: 18340: 18339: 18338: 18333: 18325: 18320: 18315: 18310: 18305: 18304: 18303: 18295: 18289: 18287: 18283: 18282: 18280: 18279: 18278: 18277: 18266: 18264: 18258: 18257: 18254: 18253: 18251: 18250: 18249: 18248: 18243: 18238: 18227: 18225: 18219: 18218: 18216: 18215: 18210: 18205: 18199: 18197: 18191: 18190: 18188: 18187: 18181: 18179: 18173: 18172: 18170: 18169: 18168: 18167: 18165:OLA insurgency 18160:Oromo conflict 18156: 18154: 18148: 18147: 18145: 18144: 18138: 18136: 18130: 18129: 18127: 18126: 18125: 18124: 18119: 18109: 18104: 18099: 18094: 18088: 18086: 18080: 18079: 18077: 18076: 18071: 18065: 18063: 18054: 18050: 18049: 18047: 18046: 18041: 18036: 18031: 18025: 18023: 18019: 18018: 18011: 18010: 18003: 17996: 17988: 17979: 17978: 17959: 17956: 17955: 17952: 17951: 17949: 17948: 17943: 17938: 17932: 17930: 17929:Investigations 17926: 17925: 17923: 17922: 17916: 17914: 17910: 17909: 17907: 17902: 17897: 17892: 17890: 17883: 17882: 17880: 17879: 17874: 17873: 17872: 17867: 17862: 17854: 17853: 17852: 17841: 17838: 17837: 17834: 17833: 17831: 17830: 17825: 17820: 17815: 17809: 17807: 17803: 17802: 17800: 17799: 17794: 17789: 17784: 17779: 17774: 17769: 17764: 17759: 17754: 17749: 17744: 17739: 17734: 17728: 17726: 17722: 17721: 17719: 17718: 17713: 17708: 17703: 17698: 17693: 17688: 17683: 17678: 17677: 17676: 17671: 17661: 17656: 17650: 17648: 17641: 17632: 17626: 17625: 17623: 17622: 17617: 17611: 17609: 17608:Discrimination 17605: 17604: 17602: 17601: 17595: 17593: 17586: 17582: 17581: 17578: 17577: 17574: 17573: 17571: 17570: 17565: 17560: 17555: 17550: 17544: 17542: 17535: 17534: 17529: 17523: 17521: 17515: 17514: 17512: 17511: 17506: 17500: 17498: 17494: 17493: 17491: 17490: 17485: 17480: 17475: 17469: 17467: 17463: 17462: 17460: 17459: 17446: 17433: 17409: 17408: 17407: 17387: 17374: 17372: 17365: 17361: 17360: 17358: 17357: 17352: 17347: 17341: 17339: 17335: 17334: 17332: 17331: 17326: 17325: 17324: 17314: 17309: 17303: 17301: 17297: 17296: 17294: 17293: 17288: 17283: 17278: 17273: 17268: 17263: 17258: 17253: 17247: 17245: 17239: 17238: 17235: 17234: 17232: 17231: 17226: 17221: 17216: 17211: 17206: 17201: 17195: 17193: 17189: 17188: 17186: 17185: 17180: 17175: 17170: 17169: 17168: 17154: 17153: 17152: 17142: 17137: 17136: 17135: 17124: 17122: 17115: 17111: 17110: 17103: 17102: 17095: 17088: 17080: 17074: 17073: 17067: 17066: 17065: 17060: 17055: 17042: 17041:External links 17039: 17038: 17037: 17028:Foreign Policy 17018: 16983: 16964: 16930:(6): 774–775. 16913: 16862: 16836:(2): 139–151. 16817: 16814: 16811: 16810: 16791: 16765: 16760:Bloomberg News 16746: 16725: 16707: 16686: 16668: 16649: 16631: 16626:Addis Standard 16610: 16605:Addis Standard 16592: 16573: 16567:Addis Standard 16549: 16520:(6): 786–794. 16499: 16494:Addis Standard 16481: 16470:. 1 April 2021 16453: 16425: 16397: 16369: 16351: 16333: 16315: 16290: 16256: 16218: 16191: 16181:Deutsche Welle 16166: 16141: 16116: 16113:. 23 May 2022. 16098: 16066: 16063:. 3 June 2022. 16046: 16021: 15992: 15967: 15942: 15913: 15895:AFP Fact Check 15880: 15847: 15816: 15794: 15754: 15716: 15688: 15658: 15622: 15586: 15561: 15542: 15516: 15488: 15467: 15438: 15433:Addis Standard 15420: 15388: 15355: 15323: 15287: 15246: 15225: 15201: 15176: 15166:Deutsche Welle 15152: 15126: 15096: 15064: 15043:Deutsche Welle 15030: 15011: 14981: 14951: 14919: 14914:Deutsche Welle 14901: 14896:Addis Standard 14883: 14865: 14824: 14783: 14753: 14721: 14679: 14653: 14627: 14602: 14576: 14550: 14520: 14491: 14458: 14432: 14411: 14374: 14349: 14319: 14300: 14272: 14250:Foreign Policy 14235: 14202: 14176: 14150: 14113: 14075: 14042: 14024:Genocide Watch 14009: 13983: 13957: 13931: 13920:. 18 June 2021 13905: 13894:. 18 June 2021 13879: 13857: 13831: 13805: 13779: 13768:. 16 June 2021 13753: 13723: 13693: 13656: 13630: 13608: 13582: 13556: 13531: 13499: 13472: 13461:. 30 June 2020 13444: 13413: 13382: 13352: 13320: 13287: 13252: 13235:Bloomberg News 13221: 13207:. 30 June 2020 13190: 13167: 13144: 13114: 13083: 13049: 13018: 12986: 12953: 12920: 12889: 12855: 12825: 12780: 12750: 12719: 12686: 12654: 12624: 12593: 12576:Addis Standard 12563: 12533: 12502: 12480: 12463:Addis Standard 12450: 12426: 12390: 12373:Bloomberg News 12359: 12326: 12296: 12266: 12236: 12197: 12167: 12144: 12121: 12099: 12076: 12048: 12018: 11995: 11964: 11933: 11903: 11873: 11845: 11815: 11785: 11754: 11724: 11698: 11668: 11638: 11611: 11578: 11556: 11526: 11504: 11465: 11433: 11409: 11379: 11348: 11318: 11287: 11255: 11225: 11190: 11158: 11126: 11094: 11064: 11047:Deutsche Welle 11034: 11019:. Al Jazeera. 11008: 10993:. Al Jazeera. 10982: 10952: 10926: 10900: 10885:. Al Jazeera. 10871: 10841: 10811: 10781: 10750: 10724: 10685: 10650: 10632:Addis Standard 10618: 10588: 10556: 10522: 10491: 10461: 10422: 10391: 10355: 10340:. Al Jazeera. 10329: 10299: 10269: 10252:Addis Standard 10239: 10213: 10183: 10151: 10119: 10085: 10054: 10028: 9998: 9971: 9941: 9910: 9884: 9845: 9814: 9788: 9757: 9735: 9713: 9688: 9666: 9640: 9610: 9585: 9559: 9544:. 6 May 2021. 9542:Bloomberg News 9529: 9498: 9467: 9436: 9403: 9372: 9342: 9316: 9278: 9248: 9215: 9177: 9153: 9115: 9080: 9047: 9010: 8964: 8926: 8909:Deutsche Welle 8890: 8868: 8850: 8820: 8784: 8754: 8723: 8693: 8657: 8631: 8605: 8572: 8540: 8501: 8478: 8445: 8423: 8393: 8360: 8326: 8281: 8250: 8224: 8193: 8176:Addis Standard 8162: 8147:. Al Jazeera. 8136: 8106: 8076: 8045: 8016: 7990: 7963: 7927: 7901: 7868: 7834: 7816:Addis Standard 7802: 7775: 7745: 7712: 7697:. Al Jazeera. 7686: 7656: 7629: 7619:Bloomberg News 7604: 7574: 7544: 7510: 7476: 7450: 7416: 7365: 7328: 7298: 7281:MEIG Programme 7268: 7230: 7220:Addis Standard 7205: 7180: 7155: 7122: 7097: 7082:. Al Jazeera. 7071: 7056:. Al Jazeera. 7045: 7014: 6975: 6960:. Al Jazeera. 6949: 6919: 6888: 6866: 6841: 6806: 6776: 6745: 6715: 6685: 6660: 6635: 6607: 6574: 6552: 6528: 6498: 6468: 6440: 6412: 6375: 6344: 6309: 6278: 6245: 6220: 6186: 6155: 6122: 6097: 6067: 6039: 6009: 5979: 5945: 5920: 5898: 5868: 5846: 5810: 5788: 5765: 5737: 5722:Addis Standard 5699: 5669: 5635: 5605: 5577: 5544: 5508: 5473: 5447: 5419: 5412:. Al Jazeera. 5401: 5364: 5334: 5304: 5274: 5252: 5221: 5191: 5160: 5130: 5104: 5074: 5052: 5024: 4996: 4978: 4939: 4909: 4879: 4848: 4817: 4786: 4768: 4751:Addis Standard 4738: 4708: 4677: 4647: 4616: 4586: 4552: 4512: 4481: 4455: 4433: 4402: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4352: 4299: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4242: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4214: 4211: 4184: 4181: 4151:budget support 4147:European Union 4126: 4123: 4104:Addis Standard 4095:UNFPA Ethiopia 4072:Ayder Hospital 4063: 4062:Health impacts 4060: 4058: 4055: 4047:Main article: 4043: 4042: 4022: 4020: 4009: 4006: 3940:Main article: 3937: 3934: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3861: 3841: 3839: 3812: 3809: 3766:Main article: 3763: 3760: 3755: 3752: 3732: 3729: 3694: 3691: 3665:to be theirs. 3623:Main article: 3612: 3609: 3562: 3555: 3554: 3546: 3539: 3538: 3537: 3536: 3535: 3523: 3520: 3497:United Nations 3478: 3475: 3457:. (March 2021) 3442:and COVID-19. 3414: 3411: 3386: 3385:Investigations 3383: 3368:sexual slavery 3327:Main article: 3324: 3321: 3293:Main article: 3290: 3287: 3279:dehumanization 3274:Genocide Watch 3267:Pekka Haavisto 3245:Main article: 3242: 3239: 3233:and violating 3207: 3204: 3187:An article in 3151: 3148: 3098: 3095: 3091:Roland Marchal 3083:Matthew Bryden 3063:Main article: 3060: 3057: 3033:Main article: 3030: 3027: 3019:Main article: 3016: 3013: 2981:Main article: 2978: 2975: 2911: 2910: 2854: 2853: 2828: 2825: 2808: 2805: 2771: 2770: 2731:Main article: 2728: 2725: 2692: 2691: 2655: 2654: 2648:OLA insurgency 2640:Main article: 2637: 2634: 2567: 2566: 2550:Henrietta Fore 2459:western Tigray 2447: 2446: 2411:Dogu'a Tembien 2395:Main article: 2393: 2392: 2387: 2384: 2346: 2345: 2283: 2282: 2224: 2223: 2211: 2210: 2205: 2202: 2138:Main article: 2136: 2135: 2097:Western Tigray 2022: 2021: 2012: 2011: 2003: 2002: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1984: 1983: 1941:Main article: 1939: 1938: 1933: 1930: 1925:Main article: 1922: 1919: 1909: 1906: 1879:Isaias Afwerki 1788: 1785: 1705:, who was the 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1556:Prime Minister 1513:armed conflict 1500: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1493: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1471: 1470: 1466: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1389: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1336: 1326: 1321: 1315: 1314: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1295: 1294: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1216: 1215: 1208: 1201: 1193: 1184: 1183: 1181: 1180: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1156:OLA insurgency 1153: 1148: 1138: 1133: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1050: 1045: 1043:Oromo conflict 1040: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1001: 991: 986: 981: 980: 979: 968: 965: 964: 952: 951: 944: 937: 929: 921: 920: 918: 917: 910: 906: 901: 900: 894: 888: 881: 877: 871: 870: 857: 855: 854: 844: 841: 838: 831: 820: 817: 816: 812: 811: 801: 800: 799: 762: 761: 757: 756: 754: 753: 740: 727: 725: 723: 722: 720: 719: 714: 708: 696: 684: 672: 660: 658: 657: 652: 650:Ethiopian Army 646: 635: 632: 631: 630:Units involved 627: 626: 624: 623: 611: 599: 597:Tadesse Werede 587: 575: 563: 550: 548: 546: 545: 533: 521: 509: 497: 485: 473: 471:Abebaw Tadesse 461: 449: 436: 433: 432: 428: 427: 426: 425: 412: 399: 389: 383: 370: 357: 347: 334: 333: 332: 298: 296: 295: 282: 268: 265: 264: 260: 259: 256: 255: 254: 253: 252:still disputed 246: 243: 237: 234: 231: 217: 213: 212: 175: 173: 169: 168: 167:(2 years) 163: 155: 154: 119: 118: 109: 108: 100: 99: 98: 89: 88: 80: 79: 78: 69: 68: 67: 66: 65: 62: 61: 54: 53: 47: 46: 42:inherited name 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19400: 19389: 19386: 19384: 19381: 19379: 19376: 19374: 19371: 19369: 19366: 19364: 19361: 19359: 19356: 19354: 19351: 19349: 19346: 19344: 19341: 19339: 19336: 19334: 19331: 19329: 19326: 19324: 19321: 19319: 19316: 19314: 19311: 19309: 19306: 19304: 19301: 19299: 19296: 19294: 19291: 19289: 19286: 19285: 19283: 19268: 19265: 19264: 19259: 19255: 19252: 19248: 19247: 19243: 19233: 19230: 19228: 19225: 19223: 19220: 19218: 19215: 19213: 19210: 19208: 19205: 19202: 19198: 19195: 19193: 19190: 19189: 19187: 19185: 19181: 19175: 19172: 19170: 19167: 19165: 19162: 19160: 19157: 19155: 19152: 19150: 19147: 19145: 19142: 19140: 19137: 19133: 19130: 19129: 19128: 19125: 19121: 19118: 19116: 19113: 19111: 19108: 19107: 19106: 19103: 19101: 19098: 19096: 19093: 19091: 19090:Ethnic groups 19088: 19086: 19083: 19081: 19078: 19076: 19073: 19071: 19068: 19067: 19064: 19061: 19059: 19055: 19045: 19042: 19040: 19037: 19035: 19032: 19030: 19027: 19025: 19022: 19020: 19019:Manufacturing 19017: 19015: 19012: 19010: 19007: 19005: 19002: 19000: 18997: 18995: 18992: 18990: 18984: 18982: 18979: 18977: 18974: 18973: 18970: 18967: 18965: 18961: 18949: 18946: 18944: 18941: 18940: 18939: 18936: 18934: 18931: 18929: 18928:Ground Forces 18926: 18924: 18921: 18920: 18918: 18916: 18912: 18906: 18903: 18901: 18898: 18896: 18893: 18891: 18888: 18886: 18883: 18881: 18878: 18874: 18871: 18870: 18869: 18866: 18862: 18859: 18858: 18857: 18854: 18852: 18849: 18845: 18842: 18841: 18840: 18837: 18836: 18833: 18830: 18828: 18824: 18810: 18807: 18805: 18802: 18800: 18797: 18795: 18792: 18788: 18785: 18784: 18783: 18780: 18779: 18777: 18775: 18771: 18765: 18762: 18760: 18757: 18755: 18752: 18750: 18747: 18745: 18742: 18740: 18737: 18735: 18732: 18731: 18729: 18727: 18723: 18719: 18716: 18714: 18710: 18704: 18701: 18699: 18696: 18692: 18689: 18688: 18687: 18684: 18682: 18679: 18675: 18672: 18670: 18667: 18666: 18665: 18662: 18660: 18657: 18655: 18652: 18650: 18647: 18645: 18642: 18640: 18637: 18635: 18632: 18630: 18627: 18625: 18622: 18620: 18617: 18613: 18610: 18608: 18605: 18603: 18600: 18599: 18597: 18595: 18592: 18590: 18587: 18585: 18582: 18580: 18577: 18575: 18572: 18570: 18569:Zagwe dynasty 18567: 18565: 18562: 18558: 18555: 18553: 18550: 18549: 18548: 18545: 18543: 18540: 18538: 18535: 18533: 18530: 18528: 18525: 18523: 18520: 18519: 18517: 18515: 18511: 18507: 18503: 18496: 18491: 18489: 18484: 18482: 18477: 18476: 18473: 18463: 18453: 18447: 18444: 18442: 18439: 18437: 18434: 18433: 18431: 18427: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18404: 18402: 18399: 18398: 18396: 18392: 18386: 18383: 18382: 18380: 18376: 18373: 18371:organisations 18367: 18359: 18356: 18354: 18351: 18350: 18349: 18346: 18344: 18341: 18337: 18334: 18332: 18329: 18328: 18326: 18324: 18321: 18319: 18316: 18314: 18311: 18309: 18306: 18302: 18299: 18298: 18296: 18294: 18291: 18290: 18288: 18284: 18276: 18273: 18272: 18271: 18268: 18267: 18265: 18263: 18259: 18247: 18244: 18242: 18239: 18237: 18234: 18233: 18232: 18229: 18228: 18226: 18224: 18220: 18214: 18211: 18209: 18206: 18204: 18201: 18200: 18198: 18196: 18192: 18186: 18183: 18182: 18180: 18178: 18177:Somali Region 18174: 18166: 18163: 18162: 18161: 18158: 18157: 18155: 18153: 18149: 18143: 18140: 18139: 18137: 18135: 18131: 18123: 18120: 18118: 18115: 18114: 18113: 18112:War in Amhara 18110: 18108: 18105: 18103: 18100: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18089: 18087: 18085: 18081: 18075: 18072: 18070: 18067: 18066: 18064: 18062: 18058: 18055: 18051: 18045: 18042: 18040: 18037: 18035: 18032: 18030: 18027: 18026: 18024: 18020: 18016: 18009: 18004: 18002: 17997: 17995: 17990: 17989: 17986: 17976: 17967: 17957: 17947: 17944: 17942: 17939: 17937: 17934: 17933: 17931: 17927: 17921: 17918: 17917: 17915: 17911: 17906: 17903: 17901: 17898: 17896: 17893: 17891: 17889: 17884: 17878: 17875: 17871: 17870:Negash mosque 17868: 17866: 17863: 17861: 17858: 17857: 17855: 17851: 17848: 17847: 17846: 17843: 17842: 17829: 17826: 17824: 17821: 17819: 17816: 17814: 17811: 17810: 17808: 17804: 17798: 17795: 17793: 17790: 17788: 17785: 17783: 17780: 17778: 17775: 17773: 17770: 17768: 17765: 17763: 17760: 17758: 17755: 17753: 17750: 17748: 17745: 17743: 17740: 17738: 17735: 17733: 17730: 17729: 17727: 17723: 17717: 17714: 17712: 17709: 17707: 17704: 17702: 17699: 17697: 17694: 17692: 17689: 17687: 17684: 17682: 17679: 17675: 17672: 17670: 17667: 17666: 17665: 17662: 17660: 17657: 17655: 17652: 17651: 17649: 17645: 17642: 17640: 17636: 17633: 17631: 17627: 17621: 17618: 17616: 17613: 17612: 17610: 17606: 17600: 17597: 17596: 17594: 17590: 17587: 17583: 17569: 17566: 17564: 17561: 17559: 17556: 17554: 17551: 17549: 17546: 17545: 17543: 17539: 17533: 17532:Inquiry Board 17530: 17528: 17525: 17524: 17522: 17520:organisations 17516: 17510: 17507: 17505: 17502: 17501: 17499: 17495: 17489: 17486: 17484: 17481: 17479: 17476: 17474: 17471: 17470: 17468: 17464: 17458: 17447: 17445: 17434: 17432: 17421: 17410: 17406: 17403: 17402: 17400: 17388: 17386: 17376: 17375: 17373: 17369: 17366: 17362: 17356: 17353: 17351: 17348: 17346: 17343: 17342: 17340: 17338:Peace process 17336: 17330: 17327: 17323: 17320: 17319: 17318: 17315: 17313: 17310: 17308: 17305: 17304: 17302: 17298: 17292: 17289: 17287: 17284: 17282: 17279: 17277: 17274: 17272: 17269: 17267: 17264: 17262: 17259: 17257: 17254: 17252: 17249: 17248: 17246: 17244: 17240: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17205: 17202: 17200: 17197: 17196: 17194: 17190: 17184: 17181: 17179: 17176: 17174: 17171: 17167: 17163: 17162:2005 election 17160: 17159: 17158: 17155: 17151: 17148: 17147: 17146: 17143: 17141: 17138: 17134: 17131: 17130: 17129: 17126: 17125: 17123: 17119: 17116: 17112: 17108: 17101: 17096: 17094: 17089: 17087: 17082: 17081: 17078: 17071: 17068: 17064: 17061: 17059: 17056: 17054: 17051: 17050: 17048: 17045: 17044: 17034: 17030: 17029: 17024: 17019: 17015: 17011: 17006: 17001: 16997: 16993: 16989: 16984: 16980: 16976: 16975: 16970: 16965: 16961: 16957: 16953: 16949: 16945: 16941: 16937: 16933: 16929: 16925: 16920: 16914: 16910: 16906: 16901: 16896: 16892: 16888: 16884: 16880: 16876: 16872: 16868: 16863: 16859: 16855: 16851: 16847: 16843: 16839: 16835: 16831: 16826: 16820: 16819: 16806: 16802: 16795: 16787: 16783: 16779: 16772: 16770: 16761: 16757: 16750: 16742: 16738: 16732: 16730: 16721: 16717: 16711: 16703: 16699: 16693: 16691: 16682: 16681:Fitch Ratings 16678: 16672: 16664: 16660: 16653: 16645: 16641: 16635: 16627: 16623: 16617: 16615: 16606: 16602: 16596: 16588: 16584: 16577: 16569: 16568: 16563: 16556: 16554: 16545: 16541: 16537: 16533: 16528: 16523: 16519: 16515: 16511: 16503: 16495: 16491: 16485: 16469: 16468: 16463: 16457: 16441: 16440: 16435: 16429: 16413: 16412: 16407: 16401: 16386:. 30 May 2021 16385: 16384: 16379: 16373: 16365: 16361: 16355: 16347: 16343: 16337: 16329: 16325: 16319: 16311: 16307: 16306: 16301: 16294: 16286: 16280: 16272: 16271: 16266: 16260: 16241: 16237: 16236: 16228: 16222: 16215: 16211: 16207: 16206: 16201: 16195: 16187: 16183: 16182: 16177: 16170: 16162: 16158: 16157: 16152: 16145: 16137: 16133: 16132: 16127: 16120: 16112: 16108: 16102: 16086: 16082: 16081: 16076: 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14304: 14289: 14288: 14281: 14279: 14277: 14269: 14268:U.N. account. 14256: 14252: 14251: 14246: 14239: 14223: 14219: 14218: 14213: 14206: 14190: 14186: 14180: 14164: 14160: 14154: 14147: 14134: 14130: 14129: 14124: 14117: 14101: 14097: 14096: 14091: 14084: 14082: 14080: 14063: 14059: 14058: 14053: 14046: 14030: 14026: 14025: 14020: 14013: 13998: 13997:genocidewatch 13994: 13987: 13971: 13967: 13961: 13945: 13941: 13935: 13919: 13915: 13909: 13893: 13889: 13883: 13867: 13861: 13846:. 28 May 2021 13845: 13841: 13835: 13819: 13815: 13809: 13793: 13789: 13783: 13767: 13763: 13757: 13750: 13738: 13734: 13727: 13720: 13708: 13704: 13697: 13690: 13679: 13675: 13671: 13667: 13660: 13644: 13640: 13634: 13618: 13612: 13596: 13592: 13586: 13570: 13566: 13560: 13545: 13541: 13535: 13519: 13515: 13514: 13509: 13503: 13487: 13483: 13476: 13460: 13459: 13458:Garowe Online 13454: 13448: 13441: 13429: 13428: 13423: 13417: 13401: 13397: 13393: 13386: 13370: 13366: 13365:Garowe Online 13362: 13356: 13340: 13336: 13335: 13330: 13324: 13308: 13304: 13300: 13294: 13292: 13275: 13271: 13270: 13269:Garowe Online 13265: 13259: 13257: 13240: 13236: 13232: 13225: 13218: 13206: 13205: 13204:Garowe Online 13200: 13194: 13186: 13182: 13178: 13171: 13163: 13159: 13155: 13148: 13132: 13128: 13124: 13118: 13102: 13098: 13094: 13087: 13071: 13067: 13063: 13056: 13054: 13037: 13033: 13029: 13022: 13006: 13002: 13001: 12996: 12990: 12974: 12970: 12969: 12964: 12957: 12941: 12937: 12936: 12931: 12924: 12908: 12904: 12900: 12893: 12886: 12874: 12870: 12866: 12859: 12843: 12839: 12835: 12829: 12821: 12815: 12799: 12795: 12791: 12784: 12768: 12764: 12760: 12754: 12738: 12734: 12730: 12723: 12707: 12703: 12702: 12697: 12690: 12674: 12670: 12669: 12664: 12658: 12642: 12638: 12634: 12628: 12612: 12608: 12604: 12597: 12581: 12577: 12573: 12567: 12551: 12547: 12543: 12537: 12521: 12517: 12513: 12506: 12498: 12494: 12490: 12484: 12468: 12464: 12460: 12454: 12446: 12442: 12441: 12436: 12430: 12423: 12411: 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10441: 10437: 10433: 10426: 10410: 10406: 10402: 10395: 10379: 10375: 10371: 10364: 10362: 10360: 10343: 10339: 10333: 10317: 10313: 10309: 10303: 10287: 10283: 10279: 10273: 10257: 10253: 10249: 10243: 10227: 10223: 10217: 10201: 10197: 10193: 10187: 10171: 10167: 10166: 10161: 10155: 10139: 10135: 10134: 10129: 10123: 10116: 10104: 10101:(in German). 10100: 10096: 10089: 10073: 10069: 10065: 10058: 10042: 10038: 10032: 10016: 10012: 10011:Garowe Online 10008: 10002: 9986: 9982: 9975: 9959: 9955: 9951: 9945: 9929: 9925: 9921: 9914: 9898: 9894: 9888: 9872: 9868: 9864: 9860: 9856: 9849: 9833: 9829: 9825: 9818: 9802: 9798: 9792: 9776: 9772: 9768: 9761: 9753: 9749: 9745: 9739: 9731: 9727: 9723: 9717: 9709: 9705: 9701: 9695: 9693: 9684: 9680: 9676: 9670: 9654: 9650: 9644: 9628: 9624: 9620: 9614: 9606: 9602: 9601: 9596: 9589: 9573: 9569: 9563: 9547: 9543: 9539: 9533: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9502: 9486: 9482: 9478: 9471: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9440: 9424: 9420: 9419: 9414: 9407: 9391: 9387: 9383: 9376: 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France 24. 7666: 7660: 7644: 7640: 7633: 7625: 7621: 7620: 7615: 7608: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7578: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7548: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7517: 7515: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7483: 7481: 7464: 7460: 7454: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7423: 7421: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7369: 7353: 7349: 7345: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7333: 7316: 7312: 7308: 7302: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7272: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7234: 7226: 7222: 7221: 7216: 7209: 7201: 7197: 7196: 7191: 7184: 7176: 7172: 7171: 7166: 7159: 7143: 7139: 7138: 7133: 7126: 7118: 7114: 7113: 7108: 7101: 7085: 7081: 7075: 7059: 7055: 7049: 7033: 7029: 7025: 7018: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6979: 6963: 6959: 6953: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6923: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6892: 6884: 6880: 6876: 6870: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6848: 6846: 6829: 6825: 6824: 6819: 6813: 6811: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6780: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6749: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6719: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6689: 6681: 6677: 6676: 6671: 6664: 6656: 6652: 6651: 6646: 6639: 6631: 6627: 6626: 6621: 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5734: 5727: 5723: 5716: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5673: 5666: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5639: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5623: 5618: 5612: 5610: 5602: 5597: 5593: 5592: 5587: 5581: 5574: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5548: 5541: 5528: 5524: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5496: 5490: 5482: 5480: 5478: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5443: 5439: 5438: 5433: 5426: 5424: 5415: 5411: 5405: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5388: 5383: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5338: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5308: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5278: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5256: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5225: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5179: 5175: 5174:Overt Defense 5171: 5164: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5134: 5118: 5114: 5108: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5078: 5063: 5056: 5041: 5040: 5035: 5028: 5020: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5003: 5001: 4992: 4988: 4982: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4943: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4913: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4883: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4852: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4821: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4790: 4782: 4781:National Post 4778: 4772: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4712: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4681: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4651: 4635: 4632:(in German). 4631: 4627: 4620: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4559: 4557: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4485: 4469: 4465: 4459: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4437: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4406: 4390: 4386: 4380: 4376: 4362: 4356: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4334: 4325: 4320: 4319:Quinat Tĭgray 4308: 4303: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4284: 4279: 4269: 4268:War in Amhara 4266: 4264: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4251: 4248: 4247: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4227:Africa portal 4217: 4210: 4208: 4207: 4202: 4198: 4197:Irob district 4193: 4189: 4180: 4178: 4173: 4169: 4167: 4166:external debt 4163: 4162:credit rating 4159: 4158:Fitch Ratings 4156: 4155:credit agency 4152: 4148: 4144: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4122: 4120: 4119:birth defects 4116: 4113: 4112:Seharti Samre 4108: 4106: 4105: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4083: 4081: 4073: 4068: 4054: 4050: 4039: 4036:November 2023 4030: 4026: 4023:This section 4021: 4018: 4014: 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18885:Parliament 18851:Government 18691:Tigray War 18654:Ogaden War 18634:Revolution 18394:Grassroots 18378:Government 18241:War crimes 18231:Tigray war 18022:Background 17865:Debre Damo 17669:Zalambessa 17630:War crimes 17592:Casualties 17371:Key actors 17114:Background 17107:Tigray war 16328:Al Jazeera 16156:Al Jazeera 15906:10 October 15681:3 February 15671:Al Jazeera 15615:3 February 15556:Al Jazeera 15413:6 November 15337:Africanews 14878:Al Jazeera 14776:24 October 14766:Al Jazeera 14746:24 October 14714:3 November 14228:16 January 14068:16 January 13601:13 January 13575:13 January 13524:29 October 13375:19 January 13345:19 January 13313:19 January 13303:Africanews 13280:19 January 13245:22 January 13107:27 October 13042:27 October 13011:27 October 12743:9 November 12546:Al Jazeera 12473:30 October 12416:30 October 12383:25 October 12352:23 October 12319:23 October 12289:18 October 12279:Al Jazeera 12259:23 October 12229:18 October 12190:18 October 12180:Al Jazeera 12009:Yahoo 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6302:3 November 6261:Al Jazeera 6213:2 November 6138:Al Jazeera 5891:28 January 5692:7 November 5682:Al Jazeera 5658:1 November 5648:Africanews 5567:29 January 5347:Relief Web 5184:1 December 5123:15 October 5045:15 January 4841:17 January 4810:2 November 4761:22 October 4731:1 February 4701:6 November 4545:5 November 4505:5 November 4371:References 4201:annexation 4177:Enkutatash 4149:suspended 4080:healthcare 3994:Abiy Ahmed 3815:See also: 3526:See also: 3401:, and the 3333:See also: 3251:See also: 3231:war crimes 3075:al-Shabaab 2311:May Tsemre 2264:Al Jazeera 2230:Destroyed 1734:Abiy Ahmed 1679:See also: 1656:Background 1642:Zalambessa 1559:Abiy Ahmed 1509:Tigray war 1334:Zalambessa 1221:Tigray war 1166:Tigray war 956:Post-1960 890:2,750,000 447:Abiy Ahmed 205:Al Qadarif 201:Spillovers 52:Tigray war 38:given name 34:patronymic 18:Tigray War 19144:Languages 19085:Education 19044:Transport 18994:Companies 18933:Air Force 18895:Elections 18856:President 18787:Governors 18749:Volcanoes 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August 10078:13 August 10068:Nile Post 9867:0140-0460 9859:The Times 9386:Jamestown 9208:29 August 8993:0362-4331 8919:29 August 8523:0362-4331 8460:Bloomberg 8315:cite news 8003:France 24 7399:0001-9909 7251:0190-8286 6997:0362-4331 6910:0190-8286 6769:11 August 6738:22 August 6521:17 August 6405:3 January 6366:0362-4331 6271:18 August 6000:0013-0613 5962:France 24 5758:14 August 5665:conflict' 5387:ReliefWeb 5067:7 January 4961:0362-4331 4831:CNN World 4670:25 August 4640:17 August 4609:25 August 4579:11 August 4426:12 August 4333:romanized 4328:ትግራይ ጦርነት 4295:UTC+03:00 4172:Inflation 4143:creditors 4057:Aftermath 4008:Reactions 3678:Mulu Nega 3409:(ACHPR). 3172:Mogadishu 3140:Kombolcha 3015:Spillover 2752:Kombolcha 2672:Kombolcha 2591:Wegeltena 2190:encircled 2182:Zalembesa 2178:Adi Quala 2116:Bahir Dar 1781:Tigrayans 1634:Mai Kadra 1579:coalition 1517:civil war 1490:Adi Daero 1463:Kombolcha 1428:Gira Aras 1413:2nd Wukro 1346:1st Wukro 1319:Mai Kadra 1058:Rebellion 958:conflicts 883:875,879+ 752:(2021–22) 424:(2021–22) 411:(2021–22) 388:(2021–22) 382:(2021–22) 369:(2021–22) 346:(2021–22) 311:(2021–22) 19267:Category 19222:Religion 19159:Polygamy 19115:Maternal 19024:Taxation 18915:Military 18827:Politics 18506:articles 18502:Ethiopia 18462:Category 18246:template 17966:Category 17777:Galikoma 17674:Dengelat 17497:Militias 17345:Overview 17243:Timeline 17166:violence 17033:Archived 16979:Archived 16952:35643105 16909:35876603 16805:BBC News 16544:37752662 16346:BBC News 16310:Archived 16279:cite web 16240:Archived 16210:Archived 16186:Archived 16161:Archived 16136:Archived 16085:Archived 16016:Archived 15987:Archived 15962:Archived 15937:Archived 15900:Archived 15867:Archived 15862:BBC News 15834:Archived 15809:8 August 15781:Archived 15741:Archived 15675:Archived 15645:Archived 15636:Euronews 15609:Archived 15600:VOA News 15407:Archived 15375:Archived 15342:Archived 15307:Archived 15270:Archived 15220:Archived 15196:Archived 15171:Archived 15147:Archived 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4804:Archived 4755:Archived 4725:Archived 4695:Archived 4664:Archived 4634:Archived 4603:Archived 4573:Archived 4539:Archived 4499:Archived 4474:20 April 4468:Archived 4450:Archived 4420:Archived 4389:Archived 4311:ኲናት ትግራይ 4307:Tigrinya 4213:See also 4087:maternal 3887:BBC News 3822:Facebook 3811:Facebook 3796:BBC News 3721:worsened 3682:de facto 3670:de facto 3659:Tselemti 3455:COVID-19 3397:(OHCHR) 3263:genocide 3071:Islamist 3001:Pretoria 2789:IDP camp 2611:Kenyatta 2595:Wurgessa 2542:Lalibela 2479:Tselemti 2425:BBC News 2362:southern 2045:and the 1957:attacked 1815:regional 1646:war rape 1525:Ethiopia 1443:Galikoma 1339:Dengelat 898:food aid 885:refugees 760:Strength 280:Ethiopia 189:Ethiopia 172:Location 142:camp in 126:tank in 19251:Outline 19197:Cuisine 19184:Culture 19120:Women's 19095:Famines 19058:Society 19034:Tourism 18964:Economy 18880:Council 18844:history 18799:Woredas 18782:Regions 18726:Geology 18602:1887–89 18547:Emperor 18514:History 18429:Related 18327:Tigray 18297:Amhara 17975:Commons 17818:Berhale 17813:Dedebit 17686:Hitsats 17664:Adigrat 17399:Eritrea 17192:Prelude 17121:History 16900:9328910 16644:AP News 16270:Reuters 15302:Reuters 15081:Reuters 14667:Reuters 14569:6 March 14543:6 March 14513:6 March 14451:6 March 14404:6 March 14367:6 March 14342:6 March 14294:6 March 14217:Reuters 14128:Reuters 14002:24 June 13950:24 June 13944:Reuters 13924:24 June 13898:24 June 13892:AP News 13872:24 June 13850:24 June 13824:24 June 13798:24 June 13772:24 June 13742:24 June 13712:24 June 13707:AP NEWS 13683:24 June 13643:AP News 13406:6 March 13032:Reuters 12794:Reuters 12763:Reuters 12668:Reuters 12031:Reuters 12011:. AFP. 11798:Reuters 11681:Reuters 11594:Reuters 11362:Reuters 11269:AP News 11238:Reuters 11108:Reuters 11077:Reuters 10764:Reuters 10668:AP News 10539:Reuters 10474:AP News 10405:Reuters 10374:Reuters 10282:Reuters 10133:Reuters 10047:25 July 10021:22 July 9991:22 July 9983:. BBC. 9964:22 July 9934:22 July 9924:Reuters 9903:22 July 9877:22 July 9838:13 July 9828:Reuters 9807:13 July 9748:Reuters 9659:28 June 9633:28 June 9578:12 June 9491:2 April 9429:1 March 9335:1 March 9309:1 March 8767:Reuters 8436:Reuters 8295:Reuters 8119:AP NEWS 8065:7 April 8057:. NPR. 7727:Reuters 7641:. NPR. 7587:Reuters 7557:Reuters 7493:Reuters 7195:Reuters 6698:AP NEWS 6481:Reuters 6330:Reuters 6292:Reuters 6203:Reuters 6112:Reuters 6057:Reuters 6032:29 June 5911:Reuters 5859:Reuters 5801:Reuters 5779:Reuters 5591:Reuters 5466:16 June 5437:Reuters 5265:Farajat 4862:Reuters 4800:Reuters 4569:AP News 4495:Reuters 4446:Reuters 4416:Reuters 4395:21 July 4335:: 4324:Amharic 3976:Tunisia 3891:Reuters 3780:Twitter 3744:Hitsats 3647:Welkait 3643:woredas 3432:Abi Adi 3428:Enderta 3405:by the 3164:DW News 3079:Somalia 2953:Alamata 2925:Tserona 2867:Sheraro 2793:Dedebit 2761:Reuters 2706:curfews 2630:Berhale 2531:Weldiya 2525:to the 2507:Gambela 2467:Alamata 2407:Addilal 2366:eastern 2358:central 2315:Maychew 2194:shelled 2174:Adigrat 2162:Alamata 2058:Reuters 2035:Welkait 2031:Amharas 1844:in the 1742:Eritrea 1604:. Mass 1563:Mekelle 1546:of the 1533:Eritrea 1511:was an 1480:Berhale 1475:Dedebit 1351:Hitsats 1329:Adigrat 1303:Attacks 1253:Mekelle 1095:2007–08 1068:2006–09 853:Unknown 293:Eritrea 193:Eritrea 19227:Sports 19154:People 19105:Health 18999:Energy 18809:Kebele 18804:Cities 18739:Rivers 18612:Second 18504: 18416:Yikono 18270:Tigray 18223:Tigray 18152:Oromia 18084:Amhara 17946:ICHREE 17850:Hawzen 17782:Chenna 17772:Togoga 17737:Debano 17659:Humera 17568:Yikono 17509:UFEFCF 17454: 17444:Amhara 17441: 17420:Tigray 17417: 17396: 17364:Groups 17300:Impact 17012: 16958: 16950: 16942: 16907: 16897: 16889: 16856: 16848: 16542: 16534: 15460:18 May 14933:UNICEF 14397: 13676: 13549:4 July 13492:7 July 12345: 12217: 10705: 10442: 10196:UNICEF 9865: 9781:6 July 9396:27 May 9040:21 May 8991: 8957:17 May 8521: 8471:18 May 7397: 7249: 7137:Quartz 6995: 6908: 6364: 6337:18 May 5998: 5533:4 July 5392:UNICEF 4959: 4115:woreda 3962:, and 3958:, the 3661:, and 3651:Tegede 3565:Soqota 3136:Dessie 3117:Hawzen 2895:Meskel 2748:Dessie 2679:Kemise 2667:Dessie 2626:Chifra 2546:UNICEF 2515:Somali 2511:Harari 2490:, and 2488:Sidama 2484:Oromia 2303:Dogu'a 2168:, and 2128:Asmara 2120:Gondar 2089:Humera 1994:, and 1961:Dansha 1875:Asmara 1860:, the 1673:, and 1640:, and 1636:, the 1630:Humera 1624:, the 1618:Chenna 1598:Amhara 1448:Chenna 1438:Togoga 1403:Debano 1324:Humera 1248:Asmara 1243:Humera 1026:Ogaden 999:Shifta 835:MiG-23 793:Amhara 790: 325:Tigray 322: 309:UFEFCF 290: 277: 216:Result 183:, and 181:Amhara 177:Tigray 148:Hawzen 132:Hawzen 19258:Index 19217:Music 19212:Media 19174:Women 18986:Birr 18981:Banks 18794:Zones 18764:Fauna 18759:Flora 18744:Lakes 18607:First 18401:EHRCO 18195:SNNPR 17905:Shire 17860:Aksum 17716:Gijet 17548:EHRCO 17322:Sudan 16998:(1). 16956:S2CID 16854:S2CID 16243:(PDF) 16230:(PDF) 15709:9 May 14852:(PDF) 14839:(PDF) 14811:(PDF) 14798:(PDF) 14708:(PDF) 14700:OHCHR 14691:(PDF) 14427:UNFPA 14423:(PDF) 9140:(PDF) 9127:(PDF) 9062:Tghat 8807:(PDF) 8796:(PDF) 8680:(PDF) 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