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or suicide. The former can be accomplished by planting recently fired weapons near the body, the latter by fabricating evidence suggesting suicide. In such cases, it can be difficult to prove that the perpetrators acted wrongly. Because of the dangers inherent in armed confrontation, even police or
302:
Extrajudicial punishment may be planned and carried out by a particular branch of a state, without informing other branches, or even without having been ordered to commit such acts. Other branches sometimes tacitly approve of the punishment after the fact. They can also genuinely disagree with it,
266:
is generally decreasing around the world, individuals or groups deemed threatening—or even simply "undesirable"—to a government may nevertheless be targeted for punishment by a regime or its representatives. Such actions typically happen quickly, with security forces acting on a covert
298:
or by a third party with the authorization, support, or acquiescence of a state or political organization, followed by a refusal to acknowledge the person's fate and whereabouts, with the intent of placing the victim outside the protection of the law.
631:...the United States has not transported anyone, and will not transport anyone, to a country when we believe he will be tortured. Where appropriate, the United States seeks assurances that transferred persons will not be tortured.
267:
basis, performed in such a way as to avoid a massive public outcry and/or international criticism that would reflect badly on the state. Sometimes, the killers are agents outside the government. Criminal organizations, such as
619:. While denied by the US, where it is a crime to transfer anyone to any location for the purpose of torture, critics claim that torture has been employed with the knowledge or acquiescence of US agencies.
322:, there may be increased incidences of extrajudicial punishment. In such circumstances, police or military personnel may be unofficially authorised to severely punish individuals involved in
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depending on the circumstances, especially when complex intragovernmental or internal policy struggles also exist within a state's policymaking apparatus.
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soldiers who might strongly prefer to take an enemy alive may still kill to protect themselves or civilians, and potentially cross the line into
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1946:
1773:
1727:
732:
992:"Predatory States. Operation Condor and Covert War in Latin America/When States Kill. Latin America, the U.S., and Technologies of Terror"
1976:
847:
563:
for periods of up to four years. Re-education through labor sentences were given by the police, rather than through the judicial system.
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1999:
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killings. With 140 police killings in a population of 3 million, "Jamaica’s police force among the deadliest in the world".
2010:
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security forces were also accused of using extrajudicial means to deal with their political opponents. After his release,
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1021:
639:. These are allegedly located in countries other than the US, thus evading US laws as they are outside US jurisdiction.
274:
Another possibility is for uniformed security forces to punish a victim, but under circumstances that make it appear as
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1433:
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led a federal posse, in the Earp
Vendetta Ride, during the spring of 1882 which was implicated in the murder of four
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have regularly instituted extrajudicial killings of their enemies; for one of the better-known examples, see
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1991:
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can be seen as extrajudicial punishments, due to many side-effects associated to these treatments.
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1981:
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Special Forces May Train
Assassins, Kidnappers in Iraq - Newsweek The War in Iraq - MSNBC.com
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762:
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332:
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1240:"Remarks of Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice Upon Her Departure for Europe, 5 Dec 2005"
1239:
635:
The CIA has been accused of operating secret detention and interrogation centres known as
8:
2092:
2033:
290:(or enforced disappearance) occurs when a person is secretly abducted or imprisoned by a
340:
persons, that is, relative innocents who are just in the wrong place at the wrong time.
2028:
2004:
1961:
1579:
1574:
1500:
1315:
Dickey: Iraq, Salvador and Death-Squad
Democracy - Newsweek The War in Iraq - MSNBC.com
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918:
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2017:
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607:. Some critics use the term "torture by proxy" to describe situations in which the
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UN independent expert on extrajudicial killings urges action on reported incidents
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336:. This position is sometimes itself corrupted, resulting in the death of merely
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570:, prosecutors and tax inspectors can procure punishments without due process (
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have been known to use extrajudicial punishment under certain circumstances.
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techniques to transfer suspected terrorists to countries known to utilize
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Adam
Possamai; James T Richardson; Bryan S Turner (4 December 2014).
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as extrajudicial killings, a theory partly based on the testimony of
174:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1971:
1911:
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767:
236:
1191:
Background Paper on CIA's
Combined Use of Interrogation Techniques
1675:
1064:"Jamaica:Killings and Violence by Police: How many more Victims?"
972:
WGBH American
Experience: Wyatt Earp, Complete Program Transcript
837:
616:
432:
406:
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323:
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The US has been known to employ extrajudicial tactics including
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regimes, but even self-proclaimed or internationally recognized
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782:
357:
1375:
551:劳教) was used to detain persons for minor crimes such as petty
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would find that both military and police agencies such as the
1050:"Tweede Kamer ongeduldig over problemen met strafbeschikking"
807:
552:
534:
402:
232:
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for an alleged crime or offense which is carried out without
2018:
Targeted
Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World
1204:
New CIA Docs Detail Brutal 'Extraordinary
Rendition' Process
894:
The
Sociology of Shari'a: Case Studies from around the World
1506:
1496:
1370:
598:
use of psychiatric treatments to reduce unwanted behaviors
1159:"Obama's War on Terror May Resemble Bush's in Some Areas"
1091:
932:
608:
307:
27:
Punishment carried out without legal processes or a trial
1022:"Transitional Justice and DDR: The case of South Africa"
1381:
489:. This was denied vehemently by the administration of
271:, have reportedly been employed for such a purpose.
1183:
1196:
495:South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission
2074:
869:Punishment: A Comparative Historical Perspective
318:, or in the absence of an established system of
1213:
1147:
946:Customary International Humanitarian Law: Rules
537:, a system of administrative detentions called
251:Extrajudicial punishment is often a feature of
1193:". 30 December 2004. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
1153:
1402:
372:, maiming the former and killing the latter.
330:and other violent acts, especially if caught
1297:Document Information | Amnesty International
939:Jean-Marie Henckaerts; Louise Doswald-Beck;
733:Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States
1977:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
1210:. 28 August 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
949:. Cambridge University Press. p. 342.
848:Vigilantism in the United States of America
690:campaign against extrajudicial punishment.
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1409:
1395:
364:" they believed had ambushed his brothers
477:years (from 1948 until the early 1990s),
208:Learn how and when to remove this message
190:Learn how and when to remove this message
128:Learn how and when to remove this message
1774:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
941:International Committee of the Red Cross
865:
485:would refer to these acts as proof of a
246:
91:This article includes a list of general
1482:Operation Enduring Freedom participants
1087:"Jamaica wrestles with police violence"
1084:
989:
14:
2075:
1129:"Coercive psychiatry a torture system"
1056:
979:from the original on January 30, 2017.
642:
391:" was part of the state policy. Other
2011:Targeted Killing in International Law
1892:Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
1390:
1262:"Project on Extrajudicial Executions"
1232:
1042:
1019:
866:Miethe, Terance D.; Lu, Hong (2005).
611:and other US agencies have employed
462:are regarded by some of those in the
412:have also used it from time to time.
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646:
139:
77:
36:
1220:Fact sheet: Extraordinary rendition
963:
343:
24:
387:, where extrajudicial punishment "
97:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2124:
1942:Enhanced interrogation techniques
1738:Georgia Sustainment and Stability
1626:al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
1416:
1347:
431:The deaths of the leaders of the
52:This article has multiple issues.
2056:
2047:
2046:
1917:Combatant Status Review Tribunal
1866:President's Surveillance Program
1861:Military Commissions Act of 2009
1856:Military Commissions Act of 2006
1809:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1784:Moro conflict in the Philippines
1779:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
1352:
650:
625:United States Secretary of State
144:
82:
41:
1733:Georgia Train and Equip Program
1326:
1308:
1290:
1279:
1254:
1171:from the original on 2016-08-13
596:It has been discussed that the
348:
60:or discuss these issues on the
1922:Criticism of the war on terror
1876:Terrorist Surveillance Program
1681:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
1434:War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)
1378:(Pakistan and the Middle East)
1224:American Civil Liberties Union
1121:
1100:
1078:
1013:
996:Journal of Third World Studies
983:
706:Arbitrary arrest and detention
528:
13:
1:
1957:Guantanamo Bay detention camp
1600:Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq
1085:Summers, Chris (2004-05-14).
926:
1932:Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri
1824:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
1108:"Island of music and murder"
1020:Merwe, Hugo van der (2009).
897:. Springer. pp. 40–41.
519:International Criminal Court
7:
2000:State Sponsors of Terrorism
1871:Protect America Act of 2007
693:
587:Jamaican Constabulary Force
385:history of the Soviet Union
381:Special Council of the NKVD
170:the claims made and adding
10:
2129:
1937:Killing of Osama bin Laden
1814:War in Somalia (2006–2009)
1769:Operation Active Endeavour
1226:. Retrieved 29 March 2007
874:Cambridge University Press
859:
539:Re-education through labor
262:Although the legal use of
29:
2042:
1884:
1836:
1804:Terrorism in Saudi Arabia
1761:
1753:Drone strikes in Pakistan
1709:
1702:
1646:Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
1613:
1552:
1545:
1469:
1462:
1424:
2024:Unitary executive theory
1365:Monitoring organizations
701:Administrative detention
503:Civil Cooperation Bureau
221:Extrajudicial punishment
30:Not to be confused with
1952:Extraordinary rendition
1947:Extrajudicial prisoners
1242:. U.S. State Department
778:Non-judicial punishment
743:Extraordinary rendition
605:extraordinary rendition
589:has been noted for its
521:to declare apartheid a
515:human rights violations
398:organizations like the
389:by administrative means
112:more precise citations.
32:Non-judicial punishment
2103:Enforced disappearance
2098:Extrajudicial killings
1987:Operation Eagle Assist
1907:Clash of Civilizations
1454:Symbolism of terrorism
1359:Extrajudicial killings
990:Stanley, Ruth (2006).
828:Tarring and feathering
633:
523:crime against humanity
464:radical left movements
383:are examples from the
296:political organization
253:politically repressive
1982:Operation Noble Eagle
1819:2007 Lebanon conflict
1371:Amnesty International
1361:at Wikimedia Commons
1068:Amnesty International
914:Collective Punishment
763:Law without the state
738:Extrajudicial killing
688:Amnesty International
629:
513:were guilty of gross
247:Politically motivated
1799:Operation Linda Nchi
1743:OEF – Horn of Africa
1656:Islamic Courts Union
1605:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
1429:September 11 attacks
1157:(17 February 2009).
975:. January 25, 2010.
921:. GGKEY:9K4181KYTQU.
798:Presumption of guilt
585:For many years, the
497:, led by Archbishop
333:in flagrante delicto
288:forced disappearance
281:extrajudicial murder
231:or supervision by a
2108:Human rights abuses
686:organisations like
643:Human rights groups
2083:Capital punishment
2029:Unlawful combatant
1962:Iranian Revolution
1748:OEF – Trans Sahara
1723:War in Afghanistan
1580:Jalaluddin Haqqani
1575:Sirajuddin Haqqani
1501:Iraqi Armed Forces
1382:Human Rights Watch
1376:Ansar Burney Trust
1338:2005-01-14 at the
1320:2005-11-01 at the
1302:2007-07-05 at the
1164:The New York Times
919:Human Rights Watch
813:State of emergency
758:Human Rights Watch
662:. You can help by
580:Michiel van Nispen
559:, and trafficking
545:劳动教养, abbreviated
264:capital punishment
155:possibly contains
2113:Terrorism tactics
2070:
2069:
1967:Islamic terrorism
1832:
1831:
1728:OEF – Philippines
1698:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1651:Hizbul Mujahideen
1492:Northern Alliance
1357:Media related to
956:978-0-521-80899-6
904:978-3-319-09605-6
883:978-0-521-60516-8
818:Summary execution
680:
679:
316:societal collapse
218:
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157:original research
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16:(Redirected from
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2059:
2050:
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2005:Targeted killing
1794:Iraqi insurgency
1714:Enduring Freedom
1707:
1706:
1666:Jemaah Islamiyah
1661:Jaish-e-Mohammed
1550:
1549:
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1264:. Archived from
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1135:on 12 April 2010
1131:. Archived from
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1070:. Archived from
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998:. Archived from
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823:Targeted killing
788:Police encounter
748:Frontier justice
675:
672:
654:
647:
621:Condoleezza Rice
572:Strafbeschikking
543:láodòng jiàoyǎng
440:Red Army Faction
425:Operation Condor
344:Around the world
320:criminal justice
312:natural disaster
241:legal proceeding
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172:inline citations
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1671:Lashkar-e-Taiba
1609:
1570:Anwar al-Awlaki
1565:Hamza bin Laden
1560:Osama bin Laden
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1340:Wayback Machine
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1155:Charlie Savage
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483:Nelson Mandela
479:South Africa's
468:Irmgard Möller
456:Jan-Carl Raspe
452:Gudrun Ensslin
448:Andreas Baader
444:Ulrike Meinhof
417:Latin American
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1446:(2003–2011) (
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711:Assassination
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658:This section
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628:
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599:
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591:extrajudicial
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561:illegal drugs
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491:F.W. de Klerk
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420:dictatorships
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396:secret police
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229:legal process
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194:
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180:December 2010
173:
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153:This article
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72:
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39:
38:
33:
19:
18:Extrajudicial
2088:Criminal law
2016:
2009:
1992:
1897:Axis of evil
1713:
1585:Anas Haqqani
1463:Participants
1351:
1328:
1310:
1292:
1281:
1270:. Retrieved
1266:the original
1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1234:
1228:(in English)
1215:
1207:
1198:
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1162:
1149:
1137:. Retrieved
1133:the original
1123:
1111:. Retrieved
1102:
1090:
1080:
1072:the original
1058:
1044:
1032:. Retrieved
1028:
1015:
1004:. Retrieved
1000:the original
995:
985:
971:
965:
945:
934:
913:
893:
868:
853:Whitecapping
753:Human rights
684:human rights
681:
668:
664:adding to it
659:
634:
630:
602:
595:
584:
571:
565:
557:prostitution
547:
546:
542:
532:
499:Desmond Tutu
493:. Later the
472:
460:West Germany
430:
423:
414:
374:
352:
349:Historically
338:inconvenient
337:
331:
306:In times of
305:
301:
285:
276:self-defense
273:
261:
250:
220:
219:
204:
186:
177:
154:
124:
115:
96:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
1844:Patriot Act
1595:Hafiz Saeed
1553:Individuals
1532:Philippines
1487:Afghanistan
1470:Operational
1139:18 February
1113:18 February
1034:19 December
803:Prison rape
773:Martial law
726:Death squad
637:black sites
568:Netherlands
529:Present day
487:Third Force
473:During the
438:group, the
400:East German
393:Soviet Bloc
377:NKVD troika
370:Morgan Earp
257:democracies
118:August 2009
110:introducing
2093:Dirty wars
2077:Categories
1995:photograph
1641:Boko Haram
1636:Al-Shabaab
1631:Abu Sayyaf
1448:Withdrawal
1438:Withdrawal
1272:2007-07-07
1006:2007-07-08
927:References
721:COINTELPRO
627:) stated:
623:(then the
578:, such as
410:Securitate
354:Wyatt Earp
239:through a
225:punishment
164:improve it
93:references
57:improve it
1711:Operation
1703:Conflicts
1246:17 August
1175:2 January
843:Vigilante
833:Terrorism
716:Charivari
671:June 2019
613:rendition
511:Vlakplaas
509:based at
475:apartheid
168:verifying
63:talk page
2052:Category
1972:Islamism
1912:Cold War
1837:Policies
1789:Iraq War
1621:al-Qaeda
1614:Factions
1537:Ethiopia
1512:Pakistan
1444:Iraq War
1336:Archived
1318:Archived
1300:Archived
1169:Archived
977:Archived
943:(2005).
768:Lynching
694:See also
407:Romanian
237:tribunal
2062:Commons
1885:Related
1676:Taliban
1546:Targets
860:Sources
838:Torture
617:torture
566:In the
548:láojiào
433:leftist
362:Cowboys
328:rioting
324:looting
162:Please
106:improve
1852:(2002)
1846:(2001)
953:
901:
880:
783:Outlaw
366:Virgil
358:outlaw
95:, but
1762:Other
1025:(PDF)
808:Purge
793:Posse
682:Many
553:theft
415:Most
403:Stasi
292:state
233:court
223:is a
2034:CAGE
1507:NATO
1497:Iraq
1477:ISAF
1248:2012
1177:2010
1141:2015
1115:2015
1094:news
1036:2019
1029:ICTj
951:ISBN
899:ISBN
878:ISBN
505:and
454:and
379:and
375:The
368:and
1206:".
1092:BBC
666:.
609:CIA
582:.
533:In
507:C10
458:in
308:war
294:or
235:or
166:by
2079::
1222:,
1167:.
1161:.
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994:.
917:.
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872:.
555:,
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450:,
446:,
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405:,
326:,
314:,
310:,
286:A
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205:(
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131:)
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116:(
102:.
73:)
69:(
34:.
20:)
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