Export Administration Regulations

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Actions cannot be taken that are prohibited by a denial order issued under 15 CFR section 766. Denial orders prohibit many actions in addition to direct exports by the person denied export privileges, including some transfers within a single country, either in the US or abroad, by other people. Any

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and foundational technologies, strengthening other technology controls and licensing practices, engaging multilaterally to ensure US controls are effective, and considering the impact of controls on the economy, including the foreign availability of US products subject to control. Export control

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A person cannot, without a license or exception, export or re-export foreign-made commodities, software, or technology that incorporates controlled US-origin commodities, software, or technology if the items require a license and incorporate or are combined with more than a minimal amount of

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Foreign-made commodities that contain controlled US-origin commodities or are bundled with controlled US-origin software, foreign-made software that is combined with controlled US-origin software, and foreign-made technology that is combined with controlled US-origin technology in certain

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Items subject to the EAR cannot be exported nor can items of US-origin be re-exported to another country without a license or exception, if the items are controlled for a reason indicated by its ECCN, and export to the country requires a license, based on its country group.

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The EAR99 designation covers the majority of items that fall under the regulations but are not listed in the CCL. These items are generally low-technology consumer goods not requiring a license, with some exceptions such as items sent to an

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This prohibition applies to certain items that are produced outside of the US and that are the direct product of US technology or software, or they are developed from a plant that is the direct product of US technology or software.

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such person is responsible for ensuring that transactions which involve a person who is denied export privileges do not violate the order. Orders denying export privileges are legally binding documents that are published in the

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Export Control Classification Number (ECCN), such as 3A001, that describes it and indicates its licensing requirements. The CCL is divided into ten categories, and each category is subdivided into five product groups.

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as information necessary for the development, production, use, operation, installation, maintenance, repair, overhaul, or refurbishing (or other terms specified in ECCNs on the CCL that cover technology) of an item.

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A spacecraft subject to the EAR that is not eligible for an exception (i.e. spacecraft that provide space-based logistics, assembly or servicing of any spacecraft) to a person in or a national of any other country;

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have revised – through legislation, regulation, and licensing practices – the export control system that regulates dual-use exports. Much of the reform has focused on controlling

850:(PTO), which controls the export of unclassified technology in the form patent applications or amendments, modifications, supplements, or divisions of patents. The BIS has delegated authority under the 1023: 865:(FMS) program: items that are sold, leased, or loaned by the DoD to a foreign country or international organization under the FMS program are subject to the Arms Export Control Act instead of the EAR. 622:(E:2). Additionally, foreign-made military commodities that meet the direct product test cannot, without a license or exception, be re-exported or exported from abroad to a country in group D:1, the 1357: 873:

Information and software that are published as described in 15 CFR section 734.7, arise or result from fundamental research, are released by instruction in a course or laboratory of an

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US persons cannot perform certain activities related to nuclear explosive devices, missiles, chemical or biological weapons, or semiconductor equipment.

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Items exported in a way that violates the EAR cannot be serviced. A license or exception that has been suspended or revoked cannot be relied upon.

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Items subject to the EAR cannot be exported or re-exported to Cuba, North Korea, Russia (with respect to Russian oil and gas industries),

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Items subject to the EAR cannot be exported or re-exported without a license to an end-user or end-use prohibited by 15 CFR section 744.

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from a foreign country, or transferred from one person to another in a foreign country. The EAR apply to physical objects (also called

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A person may not, without a license or exception, re-export any item that meets the direct product test to a destination in the

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Certain commodities produced by a plant located outside the US that is a direct product of US-origin technology or software

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Items that are exclusively controlled for export or re-export by the following departments and agencies of the

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Prerecorded phonograph records that include the content of printed books, pamphlets, and other publications.

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A shipment or transmission out of the US, including sending or taking an item out of the US in any manner.

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files, manuals or documentation, and electronic media or information revealed through visual inspection.

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Exported or re-exported items cannot pass through any of the following countries without a license:

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The terms or conditions of a license, exception, or order issued under the EAR cannot be violated.

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Any other spacecraft subject to the EAR to a person in or a national of a country subject to a US

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of sensitive goods. The EAR apply to scenarios where something is exported from the US,

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which regulate exports or re-exports for national security or foreign policy purposes:

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The EAR include a list of ten general prohibitions, which are summarized as follows:

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End items, equipment, accessories, attachments, parts, components, and systems

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covers the whole territory of the People's Republic of China, including

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Certain foreign-made direct products of US origin technology or software

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or moving in transit through the US from one foreign country to another

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The Commerce Control List (CCL) identifies the items regulated by the

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