425:
load's frequency. A material profile, based on the SASW method, is thus obtained according to: a) constructing an experimental dispersion curve, by performing field experiments, each time using a different loading frequency, and measuring the surface wave-speed for each frequency; b) constructing a theoretical dispersion curve, by assuming a trial distribution for the material properties of a layered profile; c) varying the material properties of the layered profile, and repeating the previous step, until a match between the experimental dispersion curve, and the theoretical dispersion curve is attained. The SASW method renders a layered (one-dimensional) shear wave velocity profile for the soil.
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442:), also placed on the ground surface. Two key-components are required for the profiling based on full-waveform inversion. These components are: a) a computer model for the simulation of elastic waves in semi-infinite domains; and b) an optimization framework, through which the computed response is matched to the measured response by iteratively updating an initially assumed material distribution for the soil.
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1524:
1324:
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mineralization. These methods can map out sulphide bodies within the earth in three dimensions, and provide information to geologists to direct further exploratory drilling on known mineralization. Surface loop surveys are rarely used for regional exploration, however in some cases such surveys can be used with success (e.g.; SQUID surveys for nickel ore bodies).
560:(1853-1856). Before this, most unexploded ordnance was locally contained in smaller volumes, and was thus not a huge public issue. However, with the introduction of more widespread warfare, these quantities increased and were thus easy to lose track of and contain. According to Hooper & Hambric in their piece
288:(which are associated with shallow aquifers, which often respond to EM surveys in a conductive overburden). These are indirect inferential methods of detecting mineralization, as the commodity being sought is not directly conductive, or not sufficiently conductive to be measurable. EM surveys are also used in
323:
is another widely used technique as it provides necessary high resolution information about rock and fluid properties in a vertical section, although they are limited in areal extent. This limitation in areal extent is the reason why seismic reflection techniques are so popular; they provide a method
496:
systems emit sound pulses into the water which then bounce off of objects and are returned to the sonar transducer. The sonar transducer is able to determine both the range and orientation of an underwater object by measuring the amount of time between the release of the sound pulse and its returned
437:
Elastic waves are used to probe the site under investigation, by placing seismic vibrators on the ground surface. These waves propagate through the soil, and due to the heterogeneous geological structure of the site under investigation, multiple reflections and refractions occur. The response of the
200:
Exploration geophysics is also used to map the subsurface structure of a region, to elucidate the underlying structures, to recognize spatial distribution of rock units, and to detect structures such as faults, folds and intrusive rocks. This is an indirect method for assessing the likelihood of ore
433:
Full-waveform-inversion (FWI) methods are among the most recent techniques for geotechnical site characterization, and are still under continuous development. The method is fairly general, and is capable of imaging the arbitrarily heterogeneous compressional and shear wave velocity profiles of the
457:
has proven useful for delineating groundwater reservoirs, mapping faults around areas where hazardous substances are stored (e.g. nuclear power stations and nuclear waste storage facilities), and earthquake precursor monitoring in areas with major structures such as hydro-electric dams subject to
424:
The
Spectral-Analysis-of-Surface-Waves (SASW) method is another non-invasive technique, which is widely used in practice to detect the shear wave velocity profile of the soil. The SASW method relies on the dispersive nature of Raleigh waves in layered media, i.e., the wave-velocity depends on the
567:
Since our global method of conflict resolution banks on warfare, we must be able to rely on specific practices to detect this unexploded ordnance, such as magnetic and electromagnetic surveys. By looking at differences in magnetic susceptibility and/or electrical conductivity in relation to the
302:
Seismic methods can also be used for mineral exploration, since they can provide high-resolution images of geologic structures hosting mineral deposits. It is not just surface seismic surveys which are used, but also borehole seismic methods. All in all, the usage of seismic methods for mineral
34:, such as seismic, gravitational, magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic, to measure the physical properties of the subsurface, along with the anomalies in those properties. It is most often used to detect or infer the presence and position of economically useful geological deposits, such as
318:
techniques are the most widely used geophysical technique in hydrocarbon exploration. They are used to map the subsurface distribution of stratigraphy and its structure which can be used to delineate potential hydrocarbon accumulations, both stratigraphic and structural deposits or "traps".
295:
Regional EM surveys are conducted via airborne methods, using either fixed-wing aircraft or helicopter-borne EM rigs. Surface EM methods are based mostly on
Transient EM methods using surface loops with a surface receiver, or a downhole tool lowered into a borehole which transects a body of
501:
systems are used to detect noises from marine objects or animals. This system does not emit sound pulses itself but instead focuses on sound detection from marine sources. This system simply 'listens' to the ocean, rather than measuring the range or orientation of an object.
450:
Civil engineering can also use remote sensing information for topographical mapping, planning, and environmental impact assessment. Airborne electromagnetic surveys are also used to characterize soft sediments in planning and engineering roads, dams, and other structures.
521:
can be used to detect grave sites. This detection is of both legal and cultural importance, providing an opportunity for affected families to pursue justice through legal punishment of those responsible and to experience closure over the loss of a loved one.
411:
is a non-invasive technique, and is used within civil construction and engineering for a variety of uses, including detection of utilities (buried water, gas, sewerage, electrical and telecommunication cables), mapping of soft soils, overburden for
272:(EM) surveys can be used to help detect a wide variety of mineral deposits, especially base metal sulphides via detection of conductivity anomalies which can be generated around sulphide bodies in the subsurface. EM surveys are also used in
191:
Many other techniques, or methods of integration of the above techniques, have been developed and are currently used. However these are not as common due to cost-effectiveness, wide applicability, and/or uncertainty in the results produced.
488:
Ground magnetometric surveys can be used for detecting buried ferrous metals, useful in surveying shipwrecks, modern battlefields strewn with metal debris, and even subtle disturbances such as large-scale ancient ruins.
227:
Magnetometric surveys can be useful in defining magnetic anomalies which represent ore (direct detection), or in some cases gangue minerals associated with ore deposits (indirect or inferential detection).
61:
Exploration geophysics can be used to directly detect the target style of mineralization by measuring its physical properties directly. For example, one may measure the density contrasts between the dense
632:
Malehmir, Alireza; Urosevic, Milovan; Bellefleur, Gilles; Juhlin, Christopher; Milkereit, Bernd (September 2012). "Seismic methods in mineral exploration and mine planning â Introduction".
564:, if we are unable to move away from war in the context of conflict resolution, this problem will only continue to get worse and will likely take more than a century to resolve.
3084:
299:
Electric-resistance methods such as induced polarization methods can be useful for directly detecting sulfide bodies, coal, and resistive rocks such as salt and carbonates.
859:
Fathi, Arash; Poursartip, Babak; Kallivokas, Loukas (2015). "Timeâdomain hybrid formulations for wave simulations in threeâdimensional PMLâtruncated heterogeneous media".
334:
are also used, with considerable frequency, in oil and gas exploration. These can be used to determine the geometry and depth of covered geological structures including
247:
mineralization, which often contains magnetite, can also be detected though the ore minerals themselves would be non-magnetic. Similarly, magnetite, hematite, and often
1107:
993:
1303:
1414:
1390:
2980:
553:. It is important to be able to locate and contain unexploded ordnance to avoid injuries, and even possible death, to those who may come in contact with them.
720:
Petrovic, A.; Khan, S.D.; Chafetz, H. (2008). "Remote detection and geochemical studies for finding hydrocarbon-induced alterations in Lisbon Valley, Utah".
3825:
1438:
1224:
1491:
783:
Kallivokas, L.F.; Fathi, A.; Kucukcoban, S.; Stokoe II, K.H.; Bielak, J.; Ghattas, O. (2013). "Site characterization using full waveform inversion".
3205:
2503:
258:
Gravity surveying can be used to detect dense bodies of rocks within host formations of less dense wall rocks. This can be used to directly detect
1378:
2493:
2367:
2189:
2975:
2970:
2955:
2950:
2498:
902:
Fathi, Arash; Kallivokas, Loukas; Poursartip, Babak (2015). "Full-waveform inversion in three-dimensional PML-truncated elastic media".
2920:
204:
Methods devised for finding mineral or hydrocarbon deposits can also be used in other areas such as monitoring environmental impact,
2544:
2513:
2508:
592:
3287:
2234:
259:
3161:
2985:
1217:
541:(or UXO) refers to the dysfunction or non-explosion of military explosives. Examples of these include, but are not limited to:
387:(mMT), or marine Controlled Source Electro-Magnetics (mCSEM), can provide pseudo-direct detection of hydrocarbons by detecting
2569:
820:"Three-dimensional P- and S-wave velocity profiling of geotechnical sites using full-waveform inversion driven by field data"
568:
unexploded ordnance and the surrounding geology (soil, rock, etc.), we are able to detect and contain unexploded ordnance.
3292:
2960:
2534:
612:
2539:
263:
3673:
3352:
3068:
383:
Specifically at sea, two methods are used: marine seismic reflection and electromagnetic seabed logging (SBL). Marine
3820:
3124:
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1644:
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1210:
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1075:
138:
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255:, which can be detected to provide an inference that some mineralizing hydrothermal event has affected the rocks.
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1892:
1773:
1315:
685:
Khan, S.D.; Jacobson, S. (2008). "Remote
Sensing and Geochemistry for Detecting Hydrocarbon Microseepages".
3815:
3810:
3347:
3332:
2781:
954:
Okazaki, Kenji et al. âAirborne
Electromagnetic and Magnetic Surveys for Long Tunnel Construction Design.â
722:
530:
3862:
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2353:
2205:
773:. Ed. Andrea. Benedetto and Lara. Pajewski. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015.
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ore deposits, iron ore deposits, skarn deposits, and salt diapirs which can form oil and gas traps.
2184:
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signatures compared to the surrounding rocks; the latter is particularly useful for metallic ores.
156:
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1999:
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71:
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1974:
1783:
1291:
373:
311:
236:
184:
100:
1022:"Using Ground Penetrating Radar and Resistivity Methods to Locate Unmarked Graves: A Review"
485:, such as graves, mortuaries, wreck sites, and other shallowly buried archaeological sites.
3591:
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8:
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818:
Fathi, Arash; Poursartip, Babak; Stokoe II, Kenneth H; Kallivokas, Loukas F. (2016).
667:
607:
339:
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47:
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2201:
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534:
Warning sign from The
National Trust indicating the presence of unexploded ordnance
454:
384:
152:
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110:
27:
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804:
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for interpolating and extrapolating well log information over a much larger area.
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1994:
1989:
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1624:
1479:
343:
335:
327:
269:
114:
75:
967:
Fassbinder, Jörg W. E. âMagnetometry in
Archaeology â From Theory to Practice.â
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3531:
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3028:
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2073:
1877:
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369:
347:
180:
2194:
933:
464:
is the standard used in the UK as a code of practice for site investigations.
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3250:
3131:
3104:
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2009:
2004:
1959:
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671:
662:
498:
1499:
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992:
US Department of
Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
231:
The most direct method of detection of ore via magnetism involves detecting
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1964:
1907:
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174:
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43:
39:
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1020:
Berezowski, Victoria; Mallett, Xanthé; Ellis, Justin; Moffat, Ian (2021).
3729:
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3013:
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2019:
1902:
1841:
1410:
602:
557:
388:
209:
134:
51:
1461:
1386:
1287:
1161:"Implications of magnetic backgrounds for unexploded ordnance detection"
3779:
3646:
3636:
3402:
3240:
3146:
2146:
2126:
2014:
1826:
1821:
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1733:
1614:
1359:
1279:
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1021:
277:
248:
94:
23:
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2832:
2460:
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2345:
2302:
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1984:
1969:
1585:
1527:
1327:
880:
706:
355:
351:
240:
124:
3769:
3749:
3744:
3724:
3719:
3495:
3485:
3407:
3342:
3114:
2842:
2798:
2793:
2657:
2332:
2219:
1949:
1924:
1851:
1768:
1434:
916:
439:
281:
232:
67:
63:
1487:
1475:
817:
782:
3437:
3427:
3307:
3302:
3217:
2272:
2244:
1929:
1856:
1846:
1836:
1831:
1539:
1511:
550:
461:
359:
273:
212:
sites, ground water investigations, subsurface salinity mapping,
1422:
631:
3754:
3641:
3626:
3616:
3576:
3490:
2254:
2249:
2239:
2229:
2161:
1934:
1882:
1692:
1535:
1451:
1374:
556:
The issue of unexploded ordnance originated as a result of the
376:, have been used to detect hydrocarbon microseepages using the
1275:
235:
mineralization via mapping magnetic anomalies associated with
3536:
3510:
3480:
3442:
3382:
3377:
3372:
1707:
546:
244:
31:
1523:
1323:
1019:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
758:
Electromagnetic seabed logging, A new tool for geoscientists
3764:
3704:
3457:
2935:
1702:
1697:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1662:
542:
280:
pipes tend to have lower resistance than enclosing rocks),
164:
160:
861:
International
Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering
771:
Civil
Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar
54:
reservoirs. It can also be used to detect the presence of
3596:
3462:
3235:
1112:
974:
901:
858:
35:
3225:
991:
904:
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering
438:
site to the seismic vibrator is measured by sensors (
419:
3826:
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
30:, which uses physical methods at the surface of the
1106:Hooper, Andrew E.; Hambric, Harry N. (Hap) (2019),
719:
292:, archaeological, and geotechnical investigations.
1015:
1013:
16:Applied branch of geophysics and economic geology
3875:
525:
492:Sonar systems can be used to detect shipwrecks.
1069:
1067:
1065:
1010:
956:Physics and chemistry of the earth. Parts A/B/C
380:of geochemically altered soils and vegetation.
1154:
1152:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1076:"What is Unexploded Explosive Ordnance (UXO)?"
2361:
1218:
1105:
1232:
1062:
684:
1149:
1092:
403:
2368:
2354:
1225:
1211:
428:
416:characterization, and other similar uses.
306:
1045:
915:
843:
661:
107:to map the surface structure of a region.
1108:"Unexploded Ordnance (UXO): The Problem"
824:Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
785:Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
769:Benedetto, Andrea., and Lara. Pajewski.
593:Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics
529:
504:
3288:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
1073:
201:deposits or hydrocarbon accumulations.
3876:
3162:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
2921:2020 RussiaâSaudi Arabia oil price war
2375:
1158:
687:Geological Society of America Bulletin
562:Unexploded Ordnance (UXO): The Problem
222:
161:transient/time-domain electromagnetics
81:
78:and the resistive silicate host rock.
2349:
1206:
509:Geophysical survey using magnetometer
286:palaeochannel-hosted uranium deposits
3293:China National Petroleum Corporation
613:Society of Exploration Geophysicists
398:
303:exploration is steadily increasing.
260:Mississippi Valley Type ore deposits
251:are common minerals associated with
93:to locate earthquakes and assist in
445:
13:
3353:National Iranian South Oil Company
3069:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
420:Spectral-Analysis-of-Surface-Waves
70:host rock, or one may measure the
14:
3900:
3821:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
3710:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
3363:Oil & Gas Development Company
1243:Offshore geotechnical engineering
458:high levels of seismic activity.
139:electrical resistivity tomography
3858:
3857:
1534:
1522:
1510:
1498:
1486:
1474:
1460:
1450:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1351:
1322:
1310:
1298:
1286:
1274:
1074:Defence, National (2017-11-10).
474:Geophysical survey (archaeology)
395:(signalled by seismic surveys).
3368:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
1159:Butler, Dwain K. (2003-11-01).
961:
948:
744:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.03.008
3836:Society of Petroleum Engineers
3607:Port Harcourt Refining Company
3273:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
895:
852:
811:
776:
763:
750:
713:
678:
625:
467:
219:, and interplanetary imaging.
86:The main techniques used are:
1:
2782:Production sharing agreements
1893:Mechanically stabilized earth
1185:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2003.08.022
1165:Journal of Applied Geophysics
845:10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.04.010
805:10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.12.012
618:
526:Unexploded ordnance detection
3816:Canadian petroleum companies
3811:American Petroleum Institute
3348:National Iranian Oil Company
3333:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
1645:Hydraulic conductivity tests
723:Marine and Petroleum Geology
513:
74:contrast between conductive
7:
3831:International Energy Agency
2816:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
2206:Stress distribution in soil
571:
10:
3905:
3418:PTT Public Company Limited
3019:East Midlands Oil Province
3004:List of natural gas fields
2604:Integrated asset modelling
1356:Pore pressure measurement
654:10.1190/2012-0724-SPSEIN.1
481:can be used to map buried
471:
131:to map magnetic anomalies.
3853:
3803:
3790:Weatherford International
3669:
3519:
3471:
3323:Iraq National Oil Company
3259:
3216:
3201:
3192:
3077:
2994:
2876:
2762:
2656:
2584:
2527:
2486:
2479:
2401:
2383:
2263:
2218:
2117:
2109:Preconsolidation pressure
2081:
2072:
2045:
1865:
1814:
1801:
1716:
1670:
1661:
1584:
1504:Standard penetration test
1262:
1249:
1240:
934:10.1016/j.cma.2015.07.008
578:Archaeological geophysics
372:techniques, specifically
181:Remote sensing techniques
1605:California bearing ratio
1403:Rotary-pressure sounding
1234:Geotechnical engineering
969:Rossiiskaia arkheologiia
958:36.16 (2011): 1237â1246.
519:Ground penetrating radar
479:Ground penetrating radar
409:Ground penetrating radar
404:Ground penetrating radar
157:ground penetrating radar
22:is an applied branch of
3841:World Petroleum Council
3715:China Oilfield Services
2772:Petroleum fiscal regime
2471:Western Canadian Select
2466:West Texas Intermediate
2025:Geosynthetic clay liner
2000:Expanded clay aggregate
1620:Proctor compaction test
1561:Crosshole sonic logging
1547:Nuclear densometer test
1304:Geo-electrical sounding
1120:10.1201/9781315141084-1
588:Kola Superdeep Borehole
583:Hydrocarbon exploration
429:Full waveform inversion
364:magnetic susceptibility
307:Hydrocarbon exploration
276:exploration (where the
253:hydrothermal alteration
195:
149:Electromagnetic methods
72:electrical conductivity
3318:Indian Oil Corporation
2804:Submersible pump (ESP)
2749:Underbalanced drilling
2570:of gasoline and diesel
2288:Earthquake engineering
2099:Lateral earth pressure
1724:Hydraulic conductivity
1575:Wave equation analysis
1554:Exploration geophysics
1446:Deformation monitoring
1415:Rotary weight sounding
535:
510:
239:which usually contain
237:banded iron formations
20:Exploration geophysics
3695:Cameron International
3137:Petrodollar recycling
3120:fossil fuel phase-out
2683:Differential sticking
2636:Reflection seismology
2609:Petroleum engineering
2451:OPEC Reference Basket
1466:Settlement recordings
1391:Rock control drilling
1292:Cone penetration test
998:oceanservice.noaa.gov
971:2019.3 (2019): 75â91.
533:
508:
374:hyperspectral imaging
185:hyperspectral imaging
135:Electrical techniques
101:Reflection seismology
3592:Occidental Petroleum
2906:1990 oil price shock
2732:Shale oil extraction
2705:Drilling engineering
2688:Directional drilling
2614:Reservoir simulation
2328:Agricultural science
2030:Cellular confinement
760:. Ed. Springer, 2017
358:due to their unique
243:in some proportion.
143:induced polarization
129:aeromagnetic surveys
3740:Naftiran Intertrade
3685:Amec Foster Wheeler
3612:Reliance Industries
3501:Naftiran Intertrade
3313:Hindustan Petroleum
2911:2000s energy crisis
2220:Numerical analysis
2104:Overburden pressure
2094:Pore water pressure
1874:Shoring structures
1749:Reynolds' dilatancy
1650:Water content tests
1635:Triaxial shear test
1595:Soil classification
1568:Pile integrity test
1177:2003JAG....54..111B
1038:2021RemS...13.2880B
926:2015CMAME.296...39F
873:2015IJNME.101..165F
836:2016SDEE...87...63F
797:2013SDEE...47...62K
736:2008MarPG..25..696P
699:2008GSAB..120...96K
646:2012Geop...77C...1M
598:Mineral exploration
539:Unexploded ordnance
290:unexploded ordnance
223:Mineral exploration
217:site investigations
171:Borehole geophysics
125:Magnetic techniques
119:gravity gradiometry
82:Geophysical methods
56:unexploded ordnance
3587:Marathon Petroleum
3009:List of oil fields
2619:Reservoir modeling
2377:Petroleum industry
2195:Slab stabilisation
2175:Stability analysis
1047:10.3390/rs13152880
756:Stéphane Sainson,
536:
511:
378:spectral signature
352:igneous intrusions
312:Seismic reflection
115:gravity techniques
105:seismic refraction
91:Seismic tomography
3871:
3870:
3849:
3848:
3735:Nabors Industries
3665:
3664:
2863:Well intervention
2838:Petroleum product
2737:Ljungström method
2641:Seismic inversion
2626:Petroleum geology
2580:
2579:
2343:
2342:
2214:
2213:
2190:Sliding criterion
2152:Response spectrum
2068:
2067:
1898:Pressure grouting
1797:
1796:
1657:
1656:
1610:Direct shear test
1316:Permeability test
663:20.500.11937/5522
608:Petroleum geology
399:Civil engineering
214:civil engineering
3896:
3889:Economic geology
3861:
3860:
3562:Hess Corporation
3283:Bharat Petroleum
3214:
3213:
3199:
3198:
2886:1967 Oil Embargo
2722:Lost circulation
2560:Posted oil price
2484:
2483:
2441:Isthmus-34 Light
2370:
2363:
2356:
2347:
2346:
2202:Bearing capacity
2089:Effective stress
2079:
2078:
1980:Land reclamation
1920:Land development
1815:Natural features
1812:
1811:
1779:Specific storage
1668:
1667:
1600:Atterberg limits
1538:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1490:
1478:
1464:
1454:
1439:Screw plate test
1437:
1425:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1377:
1355:
1326:
1314:
1302:
1290:
1278:
1260:
1259:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1156:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1114:, pp. 1â8,
1103:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1071:
1060:
1059:
1049:
1017:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
994:"What is sonar?"
989:
972:
965:
959:
952:
946:
945:
919:
899:
893:
892:
881:10.1002/nme.4780
856:
850:
849:
847:
815:
809:
808:
780:
774:
767:
761:
754:
748:
747:
717:
711:
710:
707:10.1130/b26182.1
682:
676:
675:
665:
629:
455:Magnetotellurics
446:Other techniques
393:geological traps
385:magnetotellurics
340:subsiding basins
153:magnetotellurics
76:sulfide minerals
66:and the lighter
50:reservoirs; and
28:economic geology
3904:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3845:
3799:
3795:John Wood Group
3785:Valaris Limited
3678:
3675:
3672:
3661:
3527:APA Corporation
3515:
3467:
3266:
3263:
3255:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3194:
3188:
3089:Classification
3073:
2996:
2990:
2926:Nationalization
2896:1979 oil crisis
2891:1973 oil crisis
2872:
2858:Water injection
2826:Steam injection
2821:Gas reinjection
2789:Artificial lift
2758:
2700:Drill stem test
2652:
2576:
2523:
2475:
2397:
2379:
2374:
2344:
2339:
2318:Earth materials
2259:
2221:
2210:
2119:
2113:
2064:
2041:
1995:Earth structure
1990:Erosion control
1888:Ground freezing
1878:Retaining walls
1861:
1803:
1793:
1754:Angle of repose
1712:
1653:
1587:
1580:
1579:
1540:Visible bedrock
1492:Simple sounding
1480:Shear vane test
1256:instrumentation
1255:
1253:
1245:
1236:
1231:
1201:
1200:
1157:
1150:
1142:
1140:
1130:
1104:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1072:
1063:
1018:
1011:
1002:
1000:
990:
975:
966:
962:
953:
949:
900:
896:
857:
853:
816:
812:
781:
777:
768:
764:
755:
751:
718:
714:
693:(1â2): 96â105.
683:
679:
630:
626:
621:
574:
528:
516:
476:
470:
448:
431:
422:
406:
401:
309:
270:Electromagnetic
225:
198:
84:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3902:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3632:Surgutneftegas
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3552:Eneos Holdings
3549:
3544:
3542:ConocoPhillips
3539:
3534:
3532:Cenovus Energy
3529:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3475:
3473:Energy trading
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3211:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3159:
3157:Swing producer
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3029:Gulf of Mexico
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2916:2010s oil glut
2913:
2908:
2903:
2901:1980s oil glut
2898:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2768:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2710:Drilling fluid
2707:
2702:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2648:Seismic source
2645:
2644:
2643:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2446:Japan Cocktail
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2393:Primary energy
2390:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2265:Related fields
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2185:Classification
2182:
2177:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2157:Seismic hazard
2154:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1871:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1809:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1784:Shear strength
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1759:Friction angle
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1640:Oedometer test
1637:
1632:
1630:Sieve analysis
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1518:
1516:Total sounding
1507:
1506:
1495:
1494:
1483:
1482:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1442:
1441:
1430:
1429:
1418:
1417:
1406:
1405:
1394:
1393:
1382:
1381:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1319:
1318:
1307:
1306:
1295:
1294:
1283:
1282:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1257:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1171:(1): 111â125.
1148:
1128:
1091:
1061:
1026:Remote Sensing
1009:
973:
960:
947:
894:
867:(3): 165â198.
851:
810:
775:
762:
749:
730:(8): 696â705.
712:
677:
640:(5): WC1âWC2.
623:
622:
620:
617:
616:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
573:
570:
527:
524:
515:
512:
469:
466:
447:
444:
430:
427:
421:
418:
405:
402:
400:
397:
370:Remote sensing
308:
305:
224:
221:
210:archaeological
197:
194:
189:
188:
178:
173:, also called
168:
146:
132:
122:
108:
98:
83:
80:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3901:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3864:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3668:
3658:
3657:Valero Energy
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3622:Suncor Energy
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3258:
3252:
3251:TotalEnergies
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3200:
3197:
3195:organisations
3193:Companies and
3191:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3132:Petrocurrency
3130:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3105:Oil shale gas
3103:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3085:Abbreviations
3083:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3044:Permian Basin
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:United States
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2941:Seven Sisters
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:Core sampling
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2431:Indian Basket
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2293:Geomorphology
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2217:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2137:Consolidation
2135:
2133:
2132:Frost heaving
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2010:Geosynthetics
2008:
2006:
2005:Crushed stone
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1960:Cut-and-cover
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1800:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:Water content
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:Sample series
1424:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1251:Investigation
1248:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1153:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1129:9781315141084
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1081:
1080:www.canada.ca
1077:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1014:
999:
995:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
970:
964:
957:
951:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
918:
913:
909:
905:
898:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
855:
846:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
814:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
779:
772:
766:
759:
753:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:
716:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
681:
673:
669:
664:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
628:
624:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
569:
565:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
532:
523:
520:
507:
503:
500:
499:Passive sonar
495:
490:
486:
484:
480:
475:
465:
463:
459:
456:
452:
443:
441:
435:
426:
417:
415:
410:
396:
394:
391:changes over
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
322:
317:
313:
304:
300:
297:
293:
291:
287:
284:exploration,
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
220:
218:
215:
211:
207:
202:
193:
186:
182:
179:
176:
172:
169:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
99:
96:
92:
89:
88:
87:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
3760:Schlumberger
3690:Baker Hughes
3582:Marathon Oil
3572:Imperial Oil
3567:Husky Energy
3557:Galp Energia
3547:Devon Energy
3433:Saudi Aramco
3413:Petrovietnam
3358:NNPC Limited
3262:National oil
3142:Petrofiction
3110:Orphan wells
3078:Other topics
3049:Persian Gulf
2976:Saudi Arabia
2946:Standard Oil
2754:Well logging
2631:Petrophysics
2598:
2313:Biogeography
2308:Hydrogeology
2298:Soil science
2278:Geochemistry
2037:Infiltration
1965:Cut and fill
1908:Soil nailing
1774:Permeability
1739:Bulk density
1553:
1456:Inclinometer
1379:Ram sounding
1264:
1168:
1164:
1141:, retrieved
1111:
1083:. Retrieved
1079:
1032:(15): 2880.
1029:
1025:
1001:. Retrieved
997:
968:
963:
955:
950:
907:
903:
897:
864:
860:
854:
827:
823:
813:
788:
784:
778:
770:
765:
757:
752:
727:
721:
715:
690:
686:
680:
637:
633:
627:
566:
561:
555:
537:
517:
494:Active sonar
491:
487:
477:
460:
453:
449:
436:
432:
423:
414:geotechnical
407:
382:
368:
356:salt diapirs
326:
321:Well logging
310:
301:
298:
294:
268:
257:
230:
226:
203:
199:
190:
183:, including
175:well logging
137:, including
127:, including
117:, including
85:
60:
44:hydrocarbons
40:fossil fuels
19:
18:
3730:Halliburton
3602:Phillips 66
3423:QatarEnergy
3393:Petrobangla
3328:KazMunayGas
3218:Supermajors
3167:heavy crude
3054:Prudhoe Bay
3034:Niger Delta
3014:Caspian Sea
2777:Concessions
2727:Measurement
2693:Geosteering
2676:Squeeze job
2586:Exploration
2535:Consumption
2494:Consumption
2487:Natural gas
2416:Bonny Light
2323:Archaeology
2047:Foundations
2020:Geomembrane
1903:Slurry wall
1842:Water table
1806:Interaction
1802:Structures
1789:Sensitivity
1586:Laboratory
603:Ore genesis
558:Crimean War
497:reception.
468:Archaeology
389:resistivity
208:subsurface
52:groundwater
3884:Geophysics
3878:Categories
3780:Transocean
3647:Tullow Oil
3637:TechnipFMC
3403:PetroChina
3241:ExxonMobil
3147:Shale band
3024:East Texas
2997:and fields
2811:Downstream
2764:Production
2671:Completion
2599:Geophysics
2540:Production
2499:Production
2436:Indonesian
2411:Argus Sour
2403:Benchmarks
2180:Mitigation
2162:Shear wave
2147:Earthquake
2142:Compaction
2127:Permafrost
2118:Phenomena/
2015:Geotextile
1940:Embankment
1930:Excavation
1867:Earthworks
1827:Vegetation
1822:Topography
1744:Thixotropy
1734:Void ratio
1717:Properties
1615:Hydrometer
1360:Piezometer
1280:Core drill
1143:2023-03-10
1085:2023-03-10
1003:2023-03-27
917:1504.08340
634:Geophysics
619:References
472:See also:
316:refraction
278:kimberlite
249:pyrrhotite
151:, such as
95:Seismology
48:geothermal
42:and other
38:minerals;
24:geophysics
3775:TC Energy
3676:companies
3506:Trafigura
3453:Sonatrach
3398:Petrobras
3388:Pertamina
3298:Ecopetrol
3264:companies
3208:companies
3206:petroleum
3182:tight oil
3177:oil shale
3172:oil sands
3152:Shale gas
3093:sweet oil
3064:Venezuela
3039:North Sea
2995:Provinces
2986:Venezuela
2833:Midstream
2528:Petroleum
2388:Petroleum
2303:Hydrology
2283:Petrology
2171:analysis
2169:Landslide
2074:Mechanics
1985:Track bed
1970:Fill dirt
1955:Terracing
1528:Trial pit
1343:Statnamic
1328:Load test
1193:0926-9851
1138:212963579
1056:2072-4292
942:119148953
910:: 39â72.
889:122812832
830:: 63â81.
791:: 62â82.
672:0016-8033
514:Forensics
483:artifacts
440:geophones
332:magnetics
241:magnetite
3863:Category
3770:Subsea 7
3750:Petrofac
3745:NOV Inc.
3725:GE Power
3720:Enbridge
3674:services
3496:Mercuria
3486:Glencore
3448:Sonangol
3408:Petronas
3343:Naftogaz
3115:Peak oil
3098:sour oil
2853:Upstream
2848:Refining
2843:Pipeline
2799:Pumpjack
2794:Gas lift
2715:invasion
2658:Drilling
2545:Reserves
2504:Reserves
2333:Agrology
2222:software
2120:problems
1950:Causeway
1925:Landfill
1852:Subgrade
1769:Porosity
1764:Cohesion
572:See also
551:grenades
282:graphite
233:iron ore
68:silicate
64:iron ore
3438:Sinopec
3428:Rosneft
3308:Gazprom
3303:Equinor
3231:Chevron
2878:History
2744:Tracers
2666:Blowout
2555:Exports
2550:Imports
2514:Exports
2509:Imports
2273:Geology
2245:SVSlope
2055:Shallow
1975:Grading
1913:Tieback
1857:Subsoil
1847:Bedrock
1837:Topsoil
1832:Terrain
1625:R-value
1588:testing
1338:Dynamic
1265:in situ
1263:Field (
1173:Bibcode
1034:Bibcode
922:Bibcode
869:Bibcode
832:Bibcode
793:Bibcode
732:Bibcode
695:Bibcode
642:Bibcode
462:BS 5930
360:density
336:uplifts
328:Gravity
274:diamond
206:imaging
111:Geodesy
3804:Others
3755:Saipem
3652:TĂŒpraĆ
3642:TNK-BP
3627:Sunoco
3617:Repsol
3577:Lukoil
3520:Others
3491:Gunvor
3125:timing
3059:Russia
2971:Norway
2956:France
2951:Canada
2255:Plaxis
2250:UTEXAS
2240:SVFlux
2230:SEEP2D
2082:Forces
1935:Trench
1883:Gabion
1693:Gravel
1333:Static
1191:
1136:
1126:
1054:
940:
887:
670:
549:, and
547:flares
434:soil.
354:, and
344:faults
163:, and
3671:Major
3537:Cepsa
3511:Vitol
3481:Enron
3443:SOCAR
3383:Pemex
3378:PDVSA
3373:Orlen
3338:Lotos
3278:ANCAP
3246:Shell
3203:Major
2961:India
2565:Price
2519:Price
2461:Urals
2456:Tapis
2426:Dubai
2421:Brent
2235:STABL
1708:Loess
1671:Types
1134:S2CID
938:S2CID
912:arXiv
885:S2CID
543:bombs
348:folds
245:Skarn
32:Earth
3765:Snam
3705:CH2M
3458:TPAO
2966:Iraq
2936:OPEC
2931:GECF
2480:Data
2060:Deep
1703:Loam
1698:Peat
1688:Sand
1683:Silt
1678:Clay
1663:Soil
1365:Well
1189:ISSN
1124:ISBN
1052:ISSN
668:ISSN
362:and
330:and
314:and
264:IOCG
196:Uses
165:SNMR
141:and
113:and
103:and
26:and
3700:CGG
3597:OMV
3463:YPF
3236:Eni
1945:Cut
1254:and
1181:doi
1116:doi
1042:doi
930:doi
908:296
877:doi
865:101
840:doi
801:doi
740:doi
703:doi
691:120
658:hdl
650:doi
58:.
36:ore
3880::
3226:BP
2868:XT
2204:*
1187:.
1179:.
1169:54
1167:.
1163:.
1151:^
1132:,
1122:,
1110:,
1094:^
1078:.
1064:^
1050:.
1040:.
1030:13
1028:.
1024:.
1012:^
996:.
976:^
936:.
928:.
920:.
906:.
883:.
875:.
863:.
838:.
828:87
826:.
822:.
799:.
789:47
787:.
738:.
728:25
726:.
701:.
689:.
666:.
656:.
648:.
638:77
636:.
545:,
350:,
346:,
342:,
338:,
262:,
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46:;
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1195:.
1183::
1175::
1118::
1088:.
1058:.
1044::
1036::
1006:.
944:.
932::
924::
914::
891:.
879::
871::
848:.
842::
834::
807:.
803::
795::
746:.
742::
734::
709:.
705::
697::
674:.
660::
652::
644::
187:.
177:.
167:.
145:.
121:.
97:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.