177:
153:) as well as of the refraction index, so that the results were not conclusive. Therefore, Brace conducted experiments of much higher precision. He employed an apparatus that was 4.13 m long, 15 cm wide, and 27 cm deep, which was filled with water, and which could be rotated (depending on the experiment) about a vertical or a horizontal axis.
134:, one of the few experiments by which magnitudes of second order in v/c could be detected. However, the result was completely negative. Rayleigh repeated the experiments with layers of glass plates (although with a diminished precision by a factor of 100), and again obtained a negative result.
203:(1905), then the result is quite clear, since an observer in uniform translational motion can consider himself as at rest, and consequently won't experience any effect of his own motion. Length contraction is thus not measurable by a comoving observer, and has to be supplemented by
130:. Depending on the direction relative to Earth's motion, the expected retardation due to birefringence was of order 10, which was well within the accuracy of the experiment. Therefore, it was, besides the Michelson–Morley experiment and the
157:
was directed into the water through a system of lenses, mirrors and reflexion prisms, and was reflected 7 times so that it traversed 28.5 m. In this way, a retardation of order
32:
which were sufficiently precise to detect magnitudes of second order to v/c. The results were negative, which was of great importance for the development of the
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416:
348:"On the ascertained Absence of Effects of Motion through the Aether, in relation to the Constitution of Matter, and on the FitzGerald–Lorentz Hypothesis"
86:. To measure this effect, he installed a tube of length 76 cm upon a rotatable table. The tube was closed by glass at its ends, and was filled with
183:
The absence of birefringence was initially interpreted by Brace as a refutation of length contraction. However, it was shown by
Lorentz (1904) and
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was observable. However, also Brace obtained a negative result. Another experimental installation with glass instead of water (precision:
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78:(1902) interpreted this contraction as a mechanical compression which should lead to optical anisotropy of materials, so the different
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or not. They were some of the first optical experiments measuring the relative motion of Earth and the
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including the time transformation), then the negative outcome can be explained. Furthermore, if the
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321:"Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity smaller than that of light"
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141:(1904). He argued that Rayleigh hadn't properly considered the consequences of contraction (
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392:(1910). "Über die experimentellen Grundlagen des Relativitätsprinzips".
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154:
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347:
326:
Proceedings of the Royal
Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
285:"On Double Refraction in Matter moving through the Aether"
249:"Does Motion through the Aether cause Double Refraction?"
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420:(1. Ausgabe ed.). Dublin: Longman, Green and Co.
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A History of the
Theories of Aether and Electricity
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195:is considered as valid from the outset, as in
137:However, those experiments were criticized by
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394:Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik
173:), also yielded no sign of birefringence.
611:Tests of relativistic energy and momentum
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90:or water, and the liquid was between two
20:(1902, 1904) were aimed to show whether
548:Lorentz-violating neutrino oscillations
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52:To explain the negative outcome of the
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616:Kaufmann–Bucherer–Neumann experiments
585:Experimental testing of time dilation
543:Antimatter tests of Lorentz violation
518:Modern searches for Lorentz violation
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684:Test theories of special relativity
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642:Michelson–Gale–Pearson experiment
553:Lorentz-violating electrodynamics
533:Experiments of Rayleigh and Brace
18:experiments of Rayleigh and Brace
595:Length contraction confirmations
492:de Sitter double star experiment
663:Refutations of emission theory
502:Measurements of neutrino speed
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225:History of special relativity
658:Refutations of aether theory
580:Moessbauer rotor experiments
482:Moessbauer rotor experiments
477:Kennedy–Thorndike experiment
213:Kennedy–Thorndike experiment
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710:Tests of special relativity
472:Michelson–Morley experiment
458:Tests of special relativity
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54:Michelson–Morley experiment
42:Tests of special relativity
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538:Trouton–Rankine experiment
209:Trouton–Rankine experiment
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367:10.1080/14786440409463156
302:10.1080/14786440409463122
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689:Standard-Model Extension
575:Ives–Stilwell experiment
528:Trouton–Noble experiment
523:Hughes–Drever experiment
412:Whittaker, Edmund Taylor
132:Trouton–Noble experiment
36:and consequently of the
316:Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon
679:One-way speed of light
355:Philosophical Magazine
290:Philosophical Magazine
254:Philosophical Magazine
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66:contraction hypothesis
64:(1892) introduced the
34:Lorentz transformation
487:Resonator experiments
280:Brace, DeWitt Bristol
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193:relativity principle
139:DeWitt Bristol Brace
38:theory of relativity
604:Relativistic energy
30:luminiferous aether
567:Length contraction
511:Lorentz invariance
201:special relativity
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80:refraction indices
22:length contraction
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637:Sagnac experiment
632:Fizeau experiment
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58:George FitzGerald
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82:would cause
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390:Laub, Jakob
260:: 678–683.
149:instead of
60:(1889) and
40:. See also
400:: 405–463.
116:wavelength
114:of a half
332:: 809–831
155:Sun light
96:limelight
24:leads to
704:Category
414:(1910).
346:(1904).
318:(1904),
282:(1904).
246:(1902).
219:See also
215:(1932).
672:General
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70:aether
351:(PDF)
189:i.e.
120:i.e.
109:6000
16:The
363:doi
298:doi
262:doi
167:4.5
159:7.8
143:0.5
124:1.2
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169:Ă—
161:Ă—
145:Ă—
126:Ă—
106:/
103:1
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