Life extension - Knowledge

1292:. A 2009 review of longevity research noted: "Extrapolation from worms to mammals is risky at best, and it cannot be assumed that interventions will result in comparable life extension factors. Longevity gains from dietary restriction, or from mutations studied previously, yield smaller benefits to Drosophila than to nematodes, and smaller still to mammals. This is not unexpected, since mammals have evolved to live many times the worm's lifespan, and humans live nearly twice as long as the next longest-lived primate. From an evolutionary perspective, mammals and their ancestors have already undergone several hundred million years of natural selection favoring traits that could directly or indirectly favor increased longevity, and may thus have already settled on gene sequences that promote lifespan. Moreover, the very notion of a "life-extension factor" that could apply across taxa presumes a linear response rarely seen in biology." 1629: 1691:. The basic idea is that our bodies are composed of genes that activate throughout our lifetimes, some when we are young and others when we are older. Presumably, these genes are activated by environmental factors, and the changes caused by these genes activating can be lethal. It is a statistical certainty that we possess more lethal genes that activate in later life than in early life. Therefore, to extend life, we should be able to prevent these genes from switching on, and we should be able to do so by "identifying changes in the internal chemical environment of a body that take place during aging... and by simulating the superficial chemical properties of a young body". 9543:

beneficial for brain and cardiovascular function during the aging process and GH administration during adolescence is vasoprotective and increases life-span. ... Studies relating GH and IGF-1 status to longevity provide inconsistent evidence as to whether decreased (somatopause) or high levels (e.g. acromegaly) of these hormones are beneficial or detrimental to longevity. ... It is difficult to reconcile the largely protective effects of GH/IGF-1 deficiency on longevity in animals with the inconsistent or deleterious effects of low levels or declining GH/IGF-1 during human aging.

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age and the majority of the public (63%) viewed medical advances aimed at prolonging life as generally good. 41% of Americans believed that radical life extension (RLE) would be good for society, while 51% said they believed it would be bad for society. One possibility for why 56% of Americans claim they would reject life extension treatments may be due to the cultural perception that living longer would result in a longer period of decrepitude, and that the elderly in our current society are unhealthy.

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interpretations". It proposes a multi-pillar approach, and summarizes findings towards constructing – multi-system-considering and at least age-personalized dynamic – refined longevity diets. Epidemiological-type observational studies included in meta-analyses should according to the study at least be complemented by "(1) basic research focused on lifespan and healthspan, (2) carefully controlled clinical trials, and (3) studies of individuals and populations with record longevity".

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the Netherlands, the Longevity political parties started. They aimed to provide political support to radical life extension research and technologies, and ensure the fastest possible and at the same time soft transition of society to the next step – life without aging and with radical life extension, and to provide access to such technologies to most currently living people.

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computational device. The basic idea is to scan the structure of a particular brain in detail, and then construct a software model of it that is so faithful to the original that, when run on appropriate hardware, it will behave in essentially the same way as the original brain. Whether or not an exact copy of one's mind constitutes actual life extension is matter of debate.

1908:", Bostrom envisions death as a monstrous dragon who demands human sacrifices. In the fable, after a lengthy debate between those who believe the dragon is a fact of life and those who believe the dragon can and should be destroyed, the dragon is finally killed. Bostrom argues that political inaction allowed many preventable human deaths to occur. 1727:, is controversial. Opponents' objections generally are based on interpretations of religious teachings or ethical considerations. Proponents of stem cell research point out that cells are routinely formed and destroyed in a variety of contexts. Use of stem cells taken from the umbilical cord or parts of the adult body may not provoke controversy. 2219:(ROS), which are mitigated by antioxidants, "have been found to be physiologically vital for signal transduction, gene regulation, and redox regulation, among others, implying that their complete elimination would be harmful". In particular, one way of multiple they can be detrimental is by inhibiting adaptation to exercise such as 1076:" (end of the century) period, denoted as an "end of an epoch" and characterized by the rise of scientific optimism and therapeutic activism, entailing the pursuit of life extension (or life-extensionism). Among the foremost researchers of life extension at this period were the Nobel Prize winning biologist 1787:

Though many scientists state that life extension and radical life extension are possible, there are still no international or national programs focused on radical life extension. There are political forces working both for and against life extension. By 2012, in Russia, the United States, Israel, and

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poll in the United States found that 38% of Americans would want life extension treatments, and 56% would reject it. However, it also found that 68% believed most people would want it and that only 4% consider an "ideal lifespan" to be more than 120 years. The median "ideal lifespan" was 91 years of

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studies such as those Irina Conboy has done on mice, but Conboy says young blood does not reverse aging (even in mice) and that those who offer those treatments have misunderstood her research. Neuroscientist Tony Wyss-Coray, who also studied blood exchanges on mice as recently as 2014, said people

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Conspiracy theorists claim that some clinics currently offer injection of blood products from young donors. The alleged benefits of the treatment, none of which have been demonstrated in a proper study, include a longer life, darker hair, better memory, better sleep, curing heart diseases, diabetes

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CRISPR/Cas9 edits genes by precisely cutting DNA and then harnessing natural DNA repair processes to modify the gene in the desired manner. The system has two components: the Cas9 enzyme and a guide RNA. A large array of genetic modifications have been found to increase lifespan in model organisms

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and changes to standard healthcare could support the adoption of the field's conclusions – a review suggests that the longevity diet would be a "valuable complement to standard healthcare and that, taken as a preventative measure, it could aid in avoiding morbidity, sustaining health into advanced

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Research by Sobh and Martin (2011) suggests that people buy anti-aging products to obtain a hoped-for self (e.g., keeping a youthful skin) or to avoid a feared-self (e.g., looking old). The research shows that when consumers pursue a hoped-for self, it is expectations of success that most strongly

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In animal models, alterations in GH/IGF-1 signaling with reductions in these somatotrophs appear to increase life span. ... Administration of IGF-1Eb (mechanogrowth factor) stimulates proliferation of myoblasts and induces muscle hypertrophy. Increases in GH and IGF-1 during adolescence are

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The discussion whether aging should be viewed as a disease or not has important implications. One view is, this would stimulate pharmaceutical companies to develop life extension therapies and in the United States of America, it would also increase the regulation of the anti-aging market by the

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and the inability to restore nerve connections. As of 2006, the implantation of bio-engineered bladders grown from patients' own cells has proven to be a viable treatment for bladder disease. Proponents of body part replacement and cloning contend that the required biotechnologies are likely to

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Research geared towards life extension strategies in various organisms is currently under way at a number of academic and private institutions. Since 2009, investigators have found ways to increase the lifespan of nematode worms and yeast by 10-fold; the record in nematodes was achieved through

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Unknown to most, Steve is both an undeniable champion of life expansion as well as one of the most prolific campaigners for life extension. Understanding that the depth of his life's experience is limited by time alone, in his latest album Neon Future he pens lyrics such as 'Life has limitless

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of caloric surplus). There is also research into stimulating/activating/fueling endogenous antioxidant generation, in particular e.g. of neutraceutical glycine and pharmaceutical NAC. Antioxidants can change the oxidation status of different e.g. tissues, targets or sites each with potentially

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as a promising candidate for further research within the field. Their study suggests that high levels of iron in the blood likely reduce, and genes involved in metabolising iron likely increase healthy years of life in humans. The same month other scientists report that yeast cells of the same

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One hypothetical future strategy that, as some suggest, "eliminates" the complications related to a physical body, involves the copying or transferring (e.g. by progressively replacing neurons with transistors) of a conscious mind from a biological brain to a non-biological computer system or

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says: "I don't see aging as a disease, but as a collection of quite predictable diseases caused by the deterioration of the body." The two main arguments used are that aging is both inevitable and universal while diseases are not. However, not everyone agrees. Harry R. Moody, director of

1883:"simply to covet a prolonged life span for ourselves is both a sign and a cause of our failure to open ourselves to procreation and to any higher purpose ... desire to prolong youthfulness is not only a childish desire to eat one's life and keep it; it is also an expression of a childish and 1373:

While agents such as these have some limited laboratory evidence of efficacy in animals, there are no studies to date in humans for drugs that may promote life extension, mainly because research investment remains at a low level, and regulatory standards are high. Aging is not recognized as a

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A review has pointed out that the approach of "'epidemiological' comparison of how a low versus a high consumption of an isolated macronutrient and its association with health and mortality may not only fail to identify protective or detrimental nutrition patterns but may lead to misleading

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Reviews sometimes include structured tables that provide systematic overviews of intervention/drug candidates with a review calling for integrating "current knowledge with multi-omics, health records, and drug safety data to predict drugs that can improve health in late life" and listing

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John Harris, former editor-in-chief of the Journal of Medical Ethics, argues that as long as life is worth living, according to the person himself, we have a powerful moral imperative to save the life and thus to develop and offer life extension therapies to those who want them.

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Healthy lifestyle practices and healthy diet have been suggested as "first-line function-preserving strategies, with pharmacological agents, including existing and new pharmaceuticals and novel 'nutraceutical' compounds, serving as potential complementary approaches".

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drive their motivation to use the product. The research also shows why doing badly when trying to avoid a feared self is more motivating than doing well. When product use is seen to fail it is more motivating than success when consumers seek to avoid a feared-self.

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Cryonics, which began in the Sixties, is the freezing – usually in liquid nitrogen – of human beings who have been legally declared dead. The aim of this process is to keep such individuals in a state of refrigerated limbo so that it may become possible in the

1141:, the principals of the organization, were jailed for four hours and were released on $ 850,000 bond each. After 11 years of legal battles, Kent and Faloon convinced the US Attorney's Office to dismiss all criminal indictments brought against them by the FDA. 2055:

and improve health in humans. A goal of this research is to discover or develop agents to delay, prevent, alleviate, or reverse age-related diseases. Removal of senescent cells with senolytics has been proposed as a method of enhancing immunity during aging.

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supplements might extend human life. Reviews, however, have found that use of vitamin A (as β-carotene) and vitamin E supplements possibly can increase mortality. Other reviews have found no relationship between vitamin E and other vitamins with mortality.

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Two clinics in California, run by Jesse Karmazin and David C. Wright, offer $ 8,000 injections of plasma extracted from the blood of young people. Karmazin has not published in any peer-reviewed journal and his current study does not use a control group.

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It has been suggested that in terms of healthy diets, Mediterranean-style diets could be promoted by countries for ensuring healthy-by-default choices ("to ensure the healthiest choice is the easiest choice") and with highly effective measures including

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The basic idea is to take a particular brain, scan its structure in detail, and construct a software model of it that is so faithful to the original that, when run on appropriate hardware, it will behave in essentially the same way as the original

6889:"GlyNAC Supplementation Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Aging Hallmarks, Metabolic Defects, Muscle Strength, Cognitive Decline, and Body Composition: Implications for Healthy Aging" 3924: 2272:

patterns is associated with a reduction in total and cause-specific mortality, extending health- and lifespan. Research is identifying the key beneficial components of the Mediterranean diet. Studies suggest dietary changes are a factor of

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founded Human Longevity Inc., a company dedicated to scientific research to end aging through genomics and cell therapy. They received funding with the goal of compiling a comprehensive human genotype, microbiome, and phenotype database.

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The sale of purported anti-aging products such as supplements and hormone replacement is a lucrative global industry. For example, the industry that promotes the use of hormones as a treatment for consumers to slow or reverse the

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A review suggests that "targeting the aging process per se may be a far more effective approach to prevent or delay aging-associated pathologies than treatments specifically targeted to particular clinical conditions".

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are not dogs because they do not bark. Because of the universality of aging he calls it a "special sort of disease". Robert M. Perlman, coined the terms "aging syndrome" and "disease complex" in 1954 to describe aging.

1308:(CR) diet, which has been shown to extend lifespan in some animals. Based on that research, there have been attempts to develop drugs that will have the same effect on the aging process as a CR diet, which are known as 831:) will eventually enable humans to have indefinite lifespans through complete rejuvenation to a healthy youthful condition (agerasia). The ethical ramifications, if life extension becomes a possibility, are debated by 9586:

Fossati C, Papalia R, Torre G, Vadalà G, Borrione P, Grazioli E, et al. (July 2020). "Frailty of the elderly in orthopaedic surgery and body composition changes: the musculoskeletal crosstalk through irisin".

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preventable condition by governments, indicating there is no clear pathway to approval of anti-aging medications. Further, anti-aging drug candidates are under constant review by regulatory authorities like the US

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Another proposed life extension technology aims to combine existing and predicted future biochemical and genetic techniques. SENS proposes that rejuvenation may be obtained by removing aging damage via the use of

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Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C (February 2007). "Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis".

1974:, assistant director of the Institute of Healthy Ageing, argues that aging should be viewed as a disease. In response to the universality of aging, David Gems notes that it is as misleading as arguing that 1113:, also hoped that science would make substantial progress with life extension, according to Hughes, and proposed such experiments as "to replace the blood of the old with the blood of the young". Biologist 904:

mouse, commonly used as a model in research on aging, is about three years. Genetic differences between humans and mice that may account for these different aging rates include differences in efficiency of

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argues that, given that the worldwide population growth rate is slowing down and is projected to eventually stabilize and begin falling, superlongevity would be unlikely to contribute to overpopulation.

10588: 3928: 2082:. Senomorphic effects may be one major effect mechanism of a range of prolongevity drug candidates. Such candidates are however typically not studied for just one mechanism, but multiple. There are 2732:

Low ambient temperature as a physical factor affecting free radical levels was identified as a treatment producing exceptional lifespan increase in Drosophila melanogaster and other living beings.

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to resuscitate them, cure them of the condition that killed them, and then restore them to functioning life in an era when medical science has triumphed over the activities of the Grim Reaper.

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variety... But today, because of ageing, it does not have limitless scope.' Set up by the Steve Aoki Charitable Fund, the profits from the Dan Bilzerian party went to life extension research.

990:, and administration of pharmaceuticals. Another technique uses evolutionary pressures such as breeding from only older members or altering levels of extrinsic mortality. Some animals such as 1573:

find these ideas "worthy of discussion", others contend that the alleged benefits are too speculative given the current state of technology, referring to it as "fantasy rather than science".

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Ingram DK, Chefer S, Matochik J, Moscrip TD, Weed J, Roth GS, et al. (April 2001). "Aging and caloric restriction in nonhuman primates: behavioral and in vivo brain imaging studies".

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Hidalgo-Mora JJ, García-Vigara A, Sánchez-Sánchez ML, García-Pérez MÁ, Tarín J, Cano A (February 2020). "The Mediterranean diet: A historical perspective on food for health".

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offering those treatments are "basically abusing people's trust" and that young blood treatments are "the scientific equivalent of fake news". The treatment appeared in HBO's

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Martel J, Ojcius DM, Wu CY, Peng HH, Voisin L, Perfettini JL, et al. (November 2020). "Emerging use of senolytics and senomorphics against aging and chronic diseases".

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Current studies suggest that 2.5 to 5 hours/week of moderate or vigorous physical activity will confer maximal benefits; >10 hours/week may reduce these health benefits.

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such as yeast, nematode worms, fruit flies, and mice. As of 2013, the longest extension of life caused by a single gene manipulation was roughly 50% in mice and 10-fold in

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in 2015 was 2.9 years, substantially more than, for example, 0.3 years from all forms of direct violence, albeit a significant fraction of the LLE (a measure similar to

2549:(GH) decreases with age, the evidence for use of growth hormone as an anti-aging therapy is mixed and based mostly on animal studies. There are mixed reports that GH or 1665:

genetic material and within the same environment age in two distinct ways, describe a biomolecular mechanism that can determine which process dominates during aging and

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Garay RP (July 2021). "Investigational drugs and nutrients for human longevity. Recent clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov and clinicaltrialsregister.eu".

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Martel J, Chang SH, Wu CY, Peng HH, Hwang TL, Ko YF, et al. (March 2021). "Recent advances in the field of caloric restriction mimetics and anti-aging molecules".

1216:, a California-based scientific research organization which conducts research into aging and funds other anti-aging research projects at various universities. In 2013, 13210: 11998: 11973: 5954: 2667: 2144:. Often studies are structured based on or thematize specific prolongevity targets, listing both nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals (together or separately) such as 1904:

has argued that any technological advances in life extension must be equitably distributed and not restricted to a privileged few. In an extended metaphor entitled "

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process in the US market generated about $ 50 billion of revenue a year in 2009. The use of such hormone products has not been proven to be effective or safe.

2655: 2502:"to assess the ageing process and the efficacy of interventions to bypass the need for large-scale longitudinal studies". Such biomarkers may also include in vivo 2421:

of blood from young animals have shown some pro-longevity potential in animal studies (e.g. via transfer of blood or plasma, and of plasma proteins). Moreover,

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The extension of life has been a desire of humanity and a mainstay motif in the history of scientific pursuits and ideas throughout history, from the Sumerian

603: 13089: 12003: 10579: 10463:"Molecular mechanisms of exceptional lifespan increase of Drosophila melanogaster with different genotypes after combinations of pro-longevity interventions" 2156: 1454:). Hibbs suggested that certain repair machines might one day be reduced in size to the point that it would, in theory, be possible to (as Feynman put it) " 11863: 5705: 3454: 2311: 12043: 11873: 11868: 9357:

Santoro A, Martucci M, Conte M, Capri M, Franceschi C, Salvioli S (December 2020). "Inflammaging, hormesis and the rationale for anti-aging strategies".

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Delhove J, Osenk I, Prichard I, Donnelley M (January 2020). "Public Acceptability of Gene Therapy and Gene Editing for Human Use: A Systematic Review".

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Goya RG, Bolognani F, Hereñú CB, Rimoldi OJ (8 January 2001). "Neuroendocrinology of aging: the potential of gene therapy as an interventive strategy".

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describes an approach to life-extension that involves "fooling genes" into thinking the body is young. Dawkins attributes inspiration for this idea to

1072:. However, the beginning of the modern period in this endeavor can be traced to the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century, to the so-called " 10516: 6459:

Hu, Qinchao; Peng, Jianmin; Jiang, Laibo; Li, Wuguo; Su, Qiao; Zhang, Jiayu; Li, Huan; Song, Ming; Cheng, Bin; Xia, Juan; Wu, Tong (28 October 2020).

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and Bruce Carnes have strongly criticized the anti-aging industry in response to what they see as unscrupulous profiteering from the sale of unproven

12091: 12081: 11968: 1224:, a new company based in San Francisco that will harness new technologies to increase scientific understanding of the biology of aging. It is led by 10689: 9711:"The Association Between Regular Physical Exercise, Sleep Patterns, Fasting, and Autophagy for Healthy Longevity and Well-Being: A Narrative Review" 11988: 10603: 2475:: early-stage research indicates mitochondrial interventions such as mitochondrial transplantation may have potential to be efficacious (See also: 1953:

Religious people are no more likely to oppose life extension than the unaffiliated, though some variation exists between religious denominations.

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Verdaguer E, Junyent F, Folch J, Beas-Zarate C, Auladell C, Pallàs M, Camins A (March 2012). "Aging biology: a new frontier for drug discovery".

1525: 877:. Specifically, aging is characterized as and thought to be caused by "genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of 12023: 10412:"Implementation of longevity-promoting supplements and medications in public health practice: achievements, challenges and future perspectives" 10304:

Click the sources tab under the chart for info on the countries, healthcare expenditures, and data sources. See the later version of the chart

6424: 2451:-type interventions For instance, effects of interventions or e.g. dosages may vary per age and/or genome. A review suggests that the field of 1606:

as proteins, interfere with the expression of proteins, or correct genetic mutations, has been proposed as a future strategy to prevent aging.

1256:. University researchers have made a number of breakthroughs in extending the lives of mice and insects by reversing certain aspects of aging. 4849: 4334:

Dhahbi JM, Mote PL, Fahy GM, Spindler SR (November 2005). "Identification of potential caloric restriction mimetics by microarray profiling".

13217: 12928: 11948: 11890: 11885: 5576: 4753: 2596:(patterns of sleep, drug-administration and feeding), type of leisure activities, not smoking, altruistic emotions and behaviors, subjective 1138: 8048:

Vasto S, Barera A, Rizzo C, Di Carlo M, Caruso C, Panotopoulos G (2014). "Mediterranean diet and longevity: an example of nutraceuticals?".

1734:. Some proponents of therapeutic cloning predict the production of whole bodies, lacking consciousness, for eventual brain transplantation. 12793: 12715: 12028: 12013: 11978: 11921: 11916: 11858: 2589: 952:

play an increasing role in mortality. Extension of life expectancy and lifespan can often be achieved by access to improved medical care,

12086: 12076: 12018: 11926: 8335:"Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016" 6232:

Mehlman MJ, Binstock RH, Juengst ET, Ponsaran RS, Whitehouse PJ (June 2004). "Anti-aging medicine: can consumers be better protected?".

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of prolongevity drug candidates under research as well as of potential gene/protein targets include GenAge, DrugAge and Geroprotectors.

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Newmark PA, Sánchez Alvarado A (March 2002). "Not your father's planarian: a classic model enters the era of functional genomics".

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that have also been studied in this context. Other common supplements with less clear biological pathways to target aging include

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of prolongevity drug candidates under research as well as of potential gene/protein targets. These are enhanced by longitudinal

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Aside from private initiatives, aging research is being conducted in university laboratories, and includes universities such as

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However, critics argue that the uploaded mind would simply be a clone and not a true continuation of a person's consciousness.

6461:"Metformin as a senostatic drug enhances the anticancer efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma" 3989: 3925:"Human Longevity Inc. (HLI) Launched to Promote Healthy Aging Using Advances in... – SAN DIEGO, March 4, 2014 /PRNewswire/ --" 2286: 55: 5797: 5422: 5384: 4968: 4822: 4797: 3724: 1253: 1194: 12337: 12126: 11853: 11393: 10293: 2274: 1478:

Replacement of biological (susceptible to diseases) organs with mechanical ones could extend life. This is the goal of the

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keeping alcohol consumption of any type at a minimum – conventional Mediterranean diets include alcohol consumption (i.e.

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Holmes GE, Bernstein C, Bernstein H (September 1992). "Oxidative and other DNA damages as the basis of aging: a review".

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Many prolongevity drugs are synthetic alternatives or potential complements to existing nutraceuticals, such as various

97: 12199: 12121: 11438: 11044: 7264:"Meta-analysis: low-dose intake of vitamin E combined with other vitamins or minerals may decrease all-cause mortality" 5933: 3771: 3754: 3639: 3603: 3189: 2078:– modulate properties of senescent cells without eliminating them, suppressing phenotypes of senescence, including the 1081: 753: 102: 5687: 2666:

could extend lifespans of populations and humanity overall. For instance, a 2020 study indicates that the global mean

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Yener Ilce B, Cagin U, Yilmazer A (March 2018). "Cellular reprogramming: A new way to understand aging mechanisms".

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Neither vitamin E intake alone nor combined with other agents is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality.

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and increased NAD+ levels), psychological characteristics/personality (possibly highly indirectly), sleep duration,

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Some tech innovators and Silicon Valley entrepreneurs have invested heavily into anti-aging research. This includes

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The controversies over cloning are similar, except general public opinion in most countries stands in opposition to

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research could one day provide a way to generate cells, body parts, or even entire bodies (generally referred to as

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fully replacing refined grains – some guidelines of Mediterranean diets do not clarify or include the principle of

1987:(FDA). Anti-aging now falls under the regulations for cosmetic medicine which are less tight than those for drugs. 1857: 739: 722: 632: 356: 325: 6102:

Gems D (2011). "Aging: To Treat, or Not to Treat? The possibility of treating aging is not just an idle fantasy".

4731: 13175: 12943: 11251: 10715: 7574:"Mechanisms of Mitochondrial ROS Production in Assisted Reproduction: The Known, the Unknown, and the Intriguing" 2663: 2155:) such as via protocols of intermittent administration and have called for research that helps determine optimal 1264:

Theoretically, extension of maximum lifespan in humans could be achieved by reducing the rate of aging damage by

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and by environmental factors. Widely recognized methods of extending maximum lifespan in model organisms such as

31: 10959: 7205:"Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases" 3473: 2949: 2425:– signalling biomolecules released during/after exercise – have also shown promising results. Exerkines include 2136:. In some cases pharmaceutical administration is combined with that of neutraceuticals – such as in the case of 1212:, which gives financial grants to anti-aging research projects. In 2009, de Grey and several others founded the 13277: 13139: 12279: 11267: 11126: 9443:

Cardoso AL, Fernandes A, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, de Angelis MH, Guedes JR, Brito MA, et al. (November 2018).

7502:"Dietary Glycine Is Rate-Limiting for Glutathione Synthesis and May Have Broad Potential for Health Protection" 3181: 2824: 2476: 1905: 1084:(1817-1894) -- the president of the French Biological Society and one of the founders of modern endocrinology. 297: 10367:

Murphy KJ, Parletta N (May 2018). "Implementing a Mediterranean-Style Diet Outside the Mediterranean Region".

12923: 12753: 12681: 12647: 12204: 5553: 4993: 4424:"A low dose of dietary resveratrol partially mimics caloric restriction and retards aging parameters in mice" 3675: 2813: 2553:

modulates the aging process in humans and about whether the direction of its effect is positive or negative.

2364: 2098:(drug) screening methods, computational biomarker-discovery methods and computational biodata-interpretation/ 1845: 1653: 1117:(1873–1944) was inspired by a belief in indefinite human lifespan that he developed after experimenting with 1080:(1845-1916) -- the author of the cell theory of immunity and vice director of Institut Pasteur in Paris, and 716: 9445:"Towards frailty biomarkers: Candidates from genes and pathways regulated in aging and age-related diseases" 8863:

Khorraminejad-Shirazi M, Dorvash M, Estedlal A, Hoveidaei AH, Mazloomrezaei M, Mosaddeghi P (October 2019).

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could give rise to life extension through the repair of many processes thought to be responsible for aging.

936:, which are frequently linked to infectious diseases or nutrition problems. Later in life, vulnerability to 13038: 12963: 12918: 12131: 11083: 10740:

Boehme M, Guzzetta KE, Bastiaanssen TF, Van De Wouw M, Moloney GM, Gual-Grau A, et al. (August 2021).

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Shaposhnikov MV, Guvatova ZG, Zemskaya NV, Koval LA, Schegoleva EV, Gorbunova AA, et al. (June 2022).

9813:"Personality and longevity: knowns, unknowns, and implications for public health and personalized medicine" 5835: 4868: 3891: 2675: 2539: 2183: 1984: 1641: 1375: 428: 82: 9870:

Kern ML, Friedman HS (September 2008). "Do conscientious individuals live longer? A quantitative review".

8085:"Why has Japan become the world's most long-lived country: insights from a food and nutrition perspective" 484: 13189: 13134: 12701: 11458: 11378: 7983: 3741: 3176:

Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC (2007). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Oxford University Press, USA,

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Researchers are also exploring ways to mitigate side-effects from such substances (possibly most notably

2129: 1961:

Most mainstream medical organizations and practitioners do not consider aging to be a disease. Biologist

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problems would make life extension unethical. He states his opposition to life extension with the words:

1309: 2538:. Some of these have been criticized for possible dangers and a lack of proven effect. For example, the 2152: 2015: 1276:

of deteriorated cells and tissues, reversal of harmful epigenetic changes, or the enhancement of enzyme

1159:, who insists that death is "the enemy of us all, to be fought with medicine, science, and technology"; 493: 12905: 12798: 12652: 12588: 11712: 11413: 11388: 5136:"Human Ageing Genomic Resources: integrated databases and tools for the biology and genetics of ageing" 4904: 3619: 2844: 2760: 2177: 1962: 1088: 1053: 666: 165: 125: 8787:

Rzigalinski BA, Meehan K, Davis RM, Xu Y, Miles WC, Cohen CA (December 2006). "Radical nanomedicine".

342: 13241: 13168: 13028: 12913: 12635: 12595: 11781: 11754: 11668: 11443: 11186: 11099: 7979: 6727:

Partridge L, Deelen J, Slagboom PE (September 2018). "Facing up to the global challenges of ageing".

5280: 2916: 2351: 2091: 803:" (those who wish to achieve longer lives themselves), postulate that future breakthroughs in tissue 538: 230: 223: 10320:"Loss of life expectancy from air pollution compared to other risk factors: a worldwide perspective" 10234:"Physiological geroscience: targeting function to increase healthspan and achieve optimal longevity" 4348: 3909: 3504: 3043: 2556: 2195:

supplementation of various dosages is investigated in trials and there also is research into GlyNAC

1167:, who proposes that the "transhumanist must safeguard one's own existence above all else"; futurist 647: 13196: 13109: 13094: 12968: 12330: 11564: 11557: 11463: 10630:"This start-up is offering $ 8,000 blood transfusions from teens to people who want to fight aging" 10097:

Gottlieb BH, Gillespie AA (2008). "Volunteerism, health, and civic engagement among older adults".

1599: 1402:

repair machines, including ones operating within cells and utilizing as yet hypothetical molecular

1213: 6675:

Zhavoronkov A, Mamoshina P, Vanhaelen Q, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Moskalev A, Aliper A (January 2019).

5955:"Living to 120 and Beyond: Americans' Views on Aging, Medical Advances and Radical Life Extension" 5607: 3236: 2804:

Some scientists believe that the dead may one day be "resurrected" through simulation technology.

2391: 1924:

counters the overpopulation critique by pointing out that the therapy could postpone or eliminate

1755:

are limited to around 50 cell divisions, reasons that aging is an unavoidable consequence of

1378:, which stated in 2023 that "no medication has been proven to slow or reverse the aging process." 1099:(1561–1626) as an advocate of using science and reason to extend human life, noting Bacon's novel 13262: 12998: 12748: 12600: 12573: 12501: 11621: 11595: 11536: 11181: 11076: 9200:

Tomita K, Kuwahara Y, Igarashi K, Roudkenar MH, Roushandeh AM, Kurimasa A, Sato T (August 2021).

6563:

Robbins PD, Jurk D, Khosla S, Kirkland JL, LeBrasseur NK, Miller JD, et al. (January 2021).

5724: 5414: 5376: 4779: 3623: 2921: 2741: 2257: 2216: 1500:(usually at −196 °C or −320.8 °F or 77.1 K) of a human corpse, with the hope that 1426: 698: 8382: 5254: 3970: 3079:

Warner H, Anderson J, Austad S, Bergamini E, Bredesen D, Butler R, et al. (November 2005).

1455: 1171:, who considers aging to be a problem that desperately needs to be solved; and recording artist 900:, who according to records was born in 1875 and died in 1997, whereas the maximum lifespan of a 13282: 13224: 13053: 12788: 12610: 12605: 12578: 12462: 12255: 12173: 12156: 12151: 11695: 11226: 5789: 4343: 3951: 3499: 3038: 2834: 2430: 2368: 2211:

Complications of antioxidant supplementation (especially continuous high dosages far above the

1767: 1657: 949: 498: 439: 10690:"A startup that charges $ 8,000 for young blood transfusions swears they're worth every penny" 8449:

Ventriglio A, Sancassiani F, Contu MP, Latorre M, Di Slavatore M, Fornaro M, Bhugra D (2020).

7400:

Badran A, Nasser SA, Mesmar J, El-Yazbi AF, Bitto A, Fardoun MM, et al. (November 2020).

671: 175: 13182: 13144: 12536: 12445: 12440: 12317: 12302: 12224: 11678: 11578: 11571: 11448: 11332: 9557:"The metabolic, neuroprotective cardioprotective and antitumor effects of the Klotho protein" 8925:

Chow LS, Gerszten RE, Taylor JM, Pedersen BK, van Praag H, Trappe S, et al. (May 2022).

5134:

Tacutu R, Craig T, Budovsky A, Wuttke D, Lehmann G, Taranukha D, et al. (January 2013).

4960: 2929: 2701: 2448: 2433:

were shown to be secreted concomitantly with exerkines and are also investigated. (See also:

2291:

Approaches to develop optimal diets for health- and lifespan (or "longevity diets") include:

2099: 1661: 1209: 1148:

published "The Immortal Cell: One Scientist's Quest to Solve the Mystery of Human Aging," by

1145: 812: 587: 523: 92: 87: 9709:

Min S, Masanovic B, Bu T, Matic RM, Vasiljevic I, Vukotic M, et al. (2 December 2021).

9616:"Social Support and Longevity: Meta-Analysis-Based Evidence and Psychobiological Mechanisms" 6677:"Artificial intelligence for aging and longevity research: Recent advances and perspectives" 12808: 12583: 12546: 12526: 11724: 11673: 10002: 9104: 8310: 8293: 6736: 6580: 6378: 6034: 5318: 5199: 4952:

Ending Aging: The Rejuvenation Breakthroughs that Could Reverse Human Aging in Our Lifetime

4629:"Alpha-lipoic acid as a dietary supplement: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential" 4435: 4290: 3364: 2690: 2682: 1917: 1876: 1731: 1724: 1712: 1708: 1666: 1548: 1273: 1156: 1092: 804: 613: 598: 577: 504: 347: 320: 7402:"Reactive Oxygen Species: Modulators of Phenotypic Switch of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells" 6422:

Chambers ES, Akbar AN (2020). "Can blocking inflammation enhance immunity during aging?".

5240: 4277:

Harrison DE, Strong R, Sharp ZD, Nelson JF, Astle CM, Flurkey K, et al. (July 2009).

3656: 8: 13272: 13043: 12640: 12615: 12384: 12245: 12163: 11789: 11766: 11736: 11423: 11337: 11171: 11151: 11131: 11121: 10964: 7862:"Mediterranean diet and its components in relation to all-cause mortality: meta-analysis" 4078:

Johnson AA, Akman K, Calimport SR, Wuttke D, Stolzing A, de Magalhães JP (October 2012).

2954: 2709: 2650: 2515: 2456: 2438: 2404: 2083: 2052: 1970:, notes that what is normal and what is disease strongly depend on a historical context. 1700: 1408: 1305: 1289: 1285: 1029: 983: 882: 828: 683: 235: 10006: 9108: 7468: 6740: 6382: 6146:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences

6038: 5322: 5203: 4439: 4294: 3368: 2332:

consumption instead of refined grains. Whole grains are included in Mediterranean diets.

1091:

claims that science has been tied to a cultural narrative of conquering death since the

559: 13124: 13084: 13069: 13023: 12988: 12958: 12743: 12724: 12657: 12477: 12467: 12455: 12379: 11794: 11614: 11493: 10899: 10874: 10850: 10821: 10487: 10462: 10438: 10411: 10392: 10344: 10319: 10271: 10258: 10233: 10209: 10184: 10165: 10122: 10079: 10036: 10023: 9990: 9931: 9907:"Effect of feeding regimens on circadian rhythms: implications for aging and longevity" 9906: 9852: 9839: 9812: 9788: 9761: 9737: 9710: 9683: 9666: 9642: 9615: 9528: 9503: 9484: 9425: 9413: 9382: 9339: 9326: 9301: 9277: 9252: 9228: 9201: 9182: 9125: 9092: 9061: 9034: 9010: 8983: 8964: 8951: 8926: 8904: 8891: 8864: 8840: 8823: 8764: 8739: 8715: 8689:"Stem cells and anti-aging genes: double-edged sword-do the same job of life extension" 8688: 8661: 8634: 8615: 8567: 8542: 8523: 8475: 8450: 8426: 8401: 8359: 8334: 8269: 8242: 8218: 8191: 8167: 8142: 8109: 8084: 8030: 7944: 7901: 7837: 7810: 7786: 7761: 7737: 7712: 7688: 7661: 7600: 7573: 7518: 7501: 7477: 7452: 7428: 7401: 7377: 7350: 7331: 7239: 7204: 7149: 7101: 7076: 7052: 7027: 7003: 6978: 6959: 6861: 6836: 6817: 6770: 6706: 6643: 6618: 6589: 6564: 6537: 6512: 6485: 6460: 6399: 6366: 6342: 6317: 6293: 6268: 6214: 6202: 6166: 6141: 6119: 5998: 5973: 5889: 5864: 5519: 5494: 5339: 5306: 5220: 5187: 5160: 5135: 5067: 4653: 4628: 4604: 4579: 4560: 4509: 4482: 4458: 4423: 4404: 4379:

Kaeberlein M (February 2010). "Resveratrol and rapamycin: are they anti-aging drugs?".

4357: 4311: 4278: 4254: 4229: 4205: 4180: 4156: 4131: 4104: 4079: 4055: 4030: 3839: 3569: 3544: 3525: 3435: 3333: 3290: 3154: 3129: 3105: 3081:"Science fact and the SENS agenda. What can we reasonably expect from ageing research?" 3080: 3004: 2601: 2452: 2399: 2269: 2245: 2220: 2106: 2095: 1809: 1540: 1451: 1355: 1265: 1249: 1225: 656: 218: 213: 11063: 10546:"This anti-aging startup says US$ 8,000 worth of young blood can help you live longer" 8451:"Mediterranean Diet and its Benefits on Health and Mental Health: A Literature Review" 8350: 8061: 6928:

McIntyre RL, Liu YJ, Hu M, Morris BJ, Willcox BJ, Donlon TA, et al. (June 2022).

5085:

Rattan SI, Singh R (January 2009). "Progress & prospects: gene therapy in aging".

3513: 2685:

and doctor visits has been suggested as a lifestyle-societal intervention. (See also:

1129:

Regulatory and legal struggles between the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the

13161: 13013: 13008: 12884: 12849: 12824: 12738: 12484: 12472: 12450: 12433: 11819: 11731: 11433: 11373: 11272: 11216: 11146: 10987: 10904: 10855: 10802: 10771: 10763: 10742:"Microbiota from young mice counteracts selective age-associated behavioral deficits" 10492: 10443: 10384: 10349: 10298: 10263: 10214: 10157: 10140:

Diener E, Oishi S, Tay L (April 2018). "Advances in subjective well-being research".

10114: 10071: 10040: 10028: 9971: 9936: 9887: 9844: 9793: 9742: 9688: 9647: 9596: 9568: 9533: 9476: 9417: 9386: 9374: 9343: 9331: 9282: 9233: 9174: 9130: 9066: 9015: 8968: 8956: 8908: 8896: 8845: 8804: 8769: 8720: 8666: 8607: 8572: 8527: 8515: 8480: 8431: 8364: 8315: 8274: 8223: 8172: 8114: 8065: 8034: 8022: 7948: 7936: 7893: 7842: 7791: 7742: 7693: 7642: 7632: 7605: 7554: 7523: 7482: 7433: 7382: 7349:

Damiano S, Muscariello E, La Rosa G, Di Maro M, Mondola P, Santillo M (August 2019).

7335: 7323: 7285: 7244: 7185: 7153: 7141: 7106: 7057: 7008: 6963: 6951: 6910: 6866: 6821: 6809: 6762: 6698: 6648: 6594: 6542: 6490: 6441: 6404: 6347: 6298: 6249: 6206: 6171: 6123: 6052: 6003: 5894: 5803: 5793: 5524: 5418: 5380: 5344: 5225: 5188:"Multivariate genomic scan implicates novel loci and haem metabolism in human ageing" 5165: 5102: 5059: 4974: 4964: 4803: 4793: 4709: 4658: 4609: 4564: 4552: 4514: 4463: 4396: 4361: 4316: 4259: 4210: 4161: 4109: 4060: 3873: 3750: 3720: 3635: 3631: 3599: 3574: 3517: 3427: 3392: 3387: 3352: 3325: 3282: 3218: 3214: 3185: 3177: 3159: 3110: 3058: 2996: 2849: 2580: 2535: 2511: 2387:: "Increasing the number and quality of stem cells and activate regenerative signals" 2355: 2296: 1582: 1529: 1269: 1065: 1025: 987: 914: 870: 787:, either modestly through improvements in medicine or dramatically by increasing the 566: 544: 513: 337: 240: 170: 47: 10396: 10305: 10126: 10083: 9856: 9488: 9429: 8619: 8541:

Beyret E, Martinez Redondo P, Platero Luengo A, Izpisua Belmonte JC (January 2018).

8540: 8018: 8004: 7919:

Ekmekcioglu C (2020). "Nutrition and longevity - From mechanisms to uncertainties".

7905: 7542: 6774: 6710: 6218: 5071: 4408: 3439: 3337: 3294: 2910: 1996: 1061: 13203: 12854: 12844: 12783: 12625: 12541: 12369: 12347: 12214: 12194: 12111: 11707: 11403: 11292: 10894: 10886: 10845: 10837: 10753: 10482: 10474: 10433: 10423: 10376: 10339: 10331: 10275: 10253: 10245: 10204: 10196: 10169: 10149: 10106: 10063: 10018: 10010: 9963: 9926: 9918: 9879: 9834: 9824: 9783: 9773: 9732: 9722: 9678: 9637: 9627: 9523: 9515: 9466: 9456: 9409: 9366: 9321: 9313: 9272: 9264: 9223: 9213: 9186: 9164: 9120: 9112: 9056: 9046: 9005: 8995: 8946: 8938: 8886: 8876: 8835: 8796: 8759: 8751: 8710: 8700: 8656: 8646: 8599: 8562: 8554: 8507: 8470: 8462: 8421: 8413: 8354: 8346: 8305: 8264: 8254: 8213: 8203: 8162: 8154: 8104: 8096: 8057: 8014: 7928: 7883: 7873: 7832: 7822: 7781: 7773: 7732: 7724: 7683: 7673: 7595: 7585: 7513: 7472: 7464: 7423: 7413: 7372: 7362: 7315: 7275: 7234: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7177: 7133: 7096: 7088: 7047: 7039: 6998: 6990: 6941: 6900: 6856: 6848: 6801: 6752: 6744: 6688: 6638: 6630: 6584: 6576: 6532: 6524: 6480: 6472: 6433: 6394: 6386: 6337: 6329: 6288: 6280: 6241: 6198: 6161: 6153: 6111: 6042: 5993: 5985: 5884: 5876: 5599: 5591: 5514: 5506: 5404: 5366: 5334: 5326: 5215: 5207: 5155: 5147: 5094: 5051: 4775: 4699: 4689: 4648: 4640: 4599: 4591: 4544: 4504: 4494: 4453: 4443: 4388: 4353: 4306: 4298: 4249: 4241: 4200: 4192: 4151: 4143: 4099: 4091: 4050: 4042: 3564: 3556: 3529: 3509: 3419: 3382: 3372: 3317: 3274: 3210: 3149: 3141: 3100: 3092: 3048: 2988: 2874: 2859: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2593: 2499: 2408: 2303: 2228:

different implications, especially for different concentrations. A review suggests

2141: 1801: 1763: 1760: 1748: 1679: 1645: 1497: 1413: 1221: 1077: 971: 957: 929: 788: 473: 416: 270: 257: 8558: 7932: 7319: 6789: 6269:"Cellular senescence in aging and age-related disease: from mechanisms to therapy" 4826: 4422:

Barger JL, Kayo T, Vann JM, Arias EB, Wang J, Hacker TA, et al. (June 2008).

4181:"Cellular senescence in aging and age-related disease: from mechanisms to therapy" 4132:"Extreme-longevity mutations orchestrate silencing of multiple signaling pathways" 3713: 3490:

Martínez DE (May 1998). "Mortality patterns suggest lack of senescence in hydra".

3251: 3008: 1501: 1073: 13267: 12973: 12948: 12768: 12494: 12396: 12357: 11838: 11719: 11658: 11543: 11468: 11418: 11363: 11347: 10249: 8417: 7860:

Eleftheriou D, Benetou V, Trichopoulou A, La Vecchia C, Bamia C (November 2018).

7811:"Impact of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Longevity" 5400: 5362: 5305:

Li Y, Jiang Y, Paxman J, O'Laughlin R, Klepin S, Zhu Y, et al. (July 2020).

4644: 4595: 4448: 4147: 4026: 3278: 1829: 1684: 1637: 1632:"Healthspan, parental lifespan, and longevity are highly genetically correlated." 1603: 1479: 1435: 1391: 1175:, who has been called "one of the most prolific campaigners for life extension". 1149: 965: 941: 933: 874: 824: 784: 710: 639: 478: 373: 262: 10067: 8466: 6333: 5281:"Researchers discover 2 paths of aging and new insights on promoting healthspan" 1152:. West emphasised the potential role of embryonic stem cells in life extension. 27:

Concept of extending human lifespan by improvements in medicine or biotechnology

13129: 13104: 13074: 13048: 12993: 12839: 12803: 12758: 12630: 12401: 12364: 12352: 12325: 12250: 11809: 11690: 11317: 11307: 11302: 11277: 11201: 11191: 11009: 10758: 10741: 10478: 10318:

Lelieveld J, Pozzer A, Pöschl U, Fnais M, Haines A, Münzel T (September 2020).

10200: 10014: 9967: 9883: 9519: 9302:"Mitochondria in the signaling pathways that control longevity and health span" 9253:"Mitochondria in the signaling pathways that control longevity and health span" 9169: 9152: 8942: 8824:"The nanomedicine revolution: part 2: current and future clinical applications" 8651: 8158: 6528: 6476: 6437: 5548: 5211: 4946: 4279:"Rapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice" 4046: 3357:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

3145: 3053: 3031:

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

3026: 2792: 2625: 2546: 2489: 2048: 2044: 1921: 1652:, lifespan, and longevity – of which half have not been reported previously at 1591: 1586: 1570: 1399: 1395: 1300:

There are numerous chemicals intended to slow the aging process under study in

1237: 1233: 1201: 1168: 1118: 897: 866: 728: 252: 10517:"Questionable "Young Blood" Transfusions Offered in U.S. as Anti-Aging Remedy" 10428: 10380: 10153: 9727: 9632: 9461: 9444: 9370: 9317: 9268: 9116: 9000: 8705: 8143:"Nutrition, longevity and disease: From molecular mechanisms to interventions" 8100: 7878: 7861: 7137: 7092: 7043: 6946: 6929: 6805: 6748: 6693: 6676: 6634: 6510: 6245: 5595: 4031:"Aging, rejuvenation, and epigenetic reprogramming: resetting the aging clock" 3693: 3560: 3321: 3308:

Rauser CL, Mueller LD, Rose MR (February 2006). "The evolution of late life".

2992: 13256: 13099: 13079: 13003: 12662: 12428: 12374: 12209: 12168: 12116: 11287: 10927: 10767: 9778: 9595:(4 Suppl. 3): 327–335. Congress of the Italian Orthopaedic Research Society. 8881: 8862: 8800: 8319: 6674: 6513:"Cellular senescence in ageing: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities" 5785: 5471: 5410: 5372: 5307:"A programmable fate decision landscape underlies single-cell aging in yeast" 4978: 4956: 4785: 4245: 4080:"The role of DNA methylation in aging, rejuvenation, and age-related disease" 3772:"The Morality of Artificial Intelligence and the Three Laws of Transhumanism" 3096: 2696: 2671: 2503: 2418: 2011: 1895: 1853: 1805: 1688: 1556: 1552: 1421: 1335: 1229: 1164: 1160: 1114: 1110: 1096: 1057: 1049: 991: 890: 862: 792: 531: 423: 288: 283: 136: 11068: 11018: 10841: 10820:

Ayala FR, Bauman C, Cogliati S, Leñini C, Bartolini M, Grau R (March 2017).

10790: 9954:

Froy O (August 2011). "Circadian rhythms, aging, and life span in mammals".

9556: 7777: 7678: 7624: 6930:"Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical activation of FOXO3 for healthy longevity" 6837:"Slowing ageing by design: the rise of NAD and sirtuin-activating compounds" 6390: 5880: 5807: 5330: 4807: 4694: 4678:"Coenzyme Q10 supplementation: Efficacy, safety, and formulation challenges" 4677: 3715:

The Immortal Cell: One Scientist's Quest to Solve the Mystery of Human Aging

2950:"AMA report questions science behind using hormones as anti-aging treatment" 2588:/isolation, social life and support, exercise/physical activity (partly via 1197:

recognizes neither anti-aging medicine nor the A4M's professional standing.

12978: 12900: 12874: 12869: 12859: 12834: 12566: 12418: 12389: 11814: 11804: 11799: 11509: 11327: 11312: 11282: 11206: 11196: 11156: 11005: 10935:. Technical Report #2008-3. Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University 10923: 10908: 10890: 10859: 10806: 10775: 10496: 10447: 10388: 10353: 10267: 10218: 10161: 10118: 10075: 10032: 9988: 9975: 9940: 9891: 9848: 9797: 9746: 9692: 9651: 9600: 9572: 9537: 9480: 9421: 9378: 9335: 9286: 9237: 9178: 9134: 9091:

Campisi J, Kapahi P, Lithgow GJ, Melov S, Newman JC, Verdin E (July 2019).

9070: 9051: 9019: 8960: 8900: 8849: 8808: 8773: 8724: 8670: 8611: 8576: 8519: 8484: 8435: 8368: 8278: 8259: 8227: 8176: 8118: 8069: 8026: 7940: 7897: 7846: 7795: 7746: 7697: 7646: 7609: 7558: 7527: 7486: 7437: 7386: 7327: 7289: 7248: 7189: 7181: 7145: 7110: 7061: 7012: 6955: 6914: 6870: 6813: 6766: 6702: 6652: 6598: 6546: 6494: 6445: 6408: 6351: 6302: 6253: 6210: 6175: 6157: 6056: 6007: 5898: 5840: 5528: 5348: 5229: 5169: 5106: 5063: 4950: 4909: 4873: 4789: 4713: 4662: 4613: 4556: 4518: 4467: 4400: 4392: 4365: 4320: 4263: 4214: 4165: 4113: 4064: 4008:"Australian and US scientists reverse ageing in mice, humans could be next" 3578: 3545:"Aging and longevity in the simplest animals and the quest for immortality" 3431: 3396: 3377: 3329: 3286: 3163: 3114: 3062: 3000: 2686: 2229: 2224: 2173: 2087: 1946: 1901: 1884: 1595: 1447: 1439: 1431: 1387: 1367: 1301: 1241: 1106: 1101: 953: 918: 878: 832: 820: 734: 693: 661: 549: 455: 315: 160: 150: 119: 10661:"This anti-aging start-up is charging thousands of dollars for teen blood" 10335: 9922: 9829: 9442: 9218: 7662:"Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health" 7590: 6565:"Senolytic Drugs: Reducing Senescent Cell Viability to Extend Health Span" 6511:

Di Micco R, Krizhanovsky V, Baker D, d'Adda di Fagagna F (February 2021).

5989: 5151: 4499: 4095: 3521: 3222: 1932:

the yearly population growth rate. Moreover, the philosopher and futurist

12953: 12778: 12561: 12556: 12489: 12143: 11702: 11685: 11342: 11322: 11161: 11116: 10110: 9989:

Acosta-Rodríguez VA, Rijo-Ferreira F, Green CB, Takahashi JS (May 2021).

8511: 7728: 7418: 7367: 6905: 6888: 5510: 4483:"A review of pterostilbene antioxidant activity and disease modification" 4130:

Shmookler Reis RJ, Bharill P, Tazearslan C, Ayyadevara S (October 2009).

4129: 3910:"Google announces Calico, a new company focused on health and well-being" 3353:"Experimental evolution of aging, growth, and reproduction in fruitflies" 2979:

Holliday R (April 2009). "The extreme arrogance of anti-aging medicine".

2854: 2839: 2829: 2747: 2629: 2604:) are investigated as potential (modulatable) factors of life extension. 2329: 2187: 2063: 2000: 1928:, allowing women to space out their pregnancies over more years and thus 1898: 1813: 1512:

within the mainstream scientific community and has been characterized as

1359: 1331: 1205: 910: 896:

The longest documented human lifespan is 122 years 164 days, the case of

796: 368: 330: 12271: 10185:"Role of heat shock proteins in aging and chronic inflammatory diseases" 10054:

Post SG (2005). "Altuism, happiness, and health: it's good to be good".

9664: 9471: 9093:"From discoveries in ageing research to therapeutics for healthy ageing" 8982:

Nederveen JP, Warnier G, Di Carlo A, Nilsson MI, Tarnopolsky MA (2020).

7859: 7280: 7263: 7229: 7203:

Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C (March 2012).

6852: 6115: 5910: 5908: 5706:"Sam Altman invested $ 180 million into a company trying to delay death" 5098: 5001: 4905:"Dying is the last thing anyone wants to do – so keep cool and carry on" 4302: 3128:

López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G (June 2013).

12829: 12521: 12423: 11663: 11550: 11383: 11211: 10716:"Gut bacteria from young mice reverse signs of brain aging in old mice" 9151:

López-Otín C, Galluzzi L, Freije JM, Madeo F, Kroemer G (August 2016).

8208: 7888: 7827: 7077:"Fasting and rapamycin: diabetes versus benevolent glucose intolerance" 6994: 6318:"Clinical strategies and animal models for developing senolytic agents" 5603: 4704: 3971:"Harvard researchers find protein that could reverse the aging process" 2869: 2864: 2780: 2754: 2633: 2597: 2585: 2531: 2434: 2378: 2118: 2071: 2035: 1971: 1833: 1821: 1797: 1752: 1747:

Some critics dispute the portrayal of aging as a disease. For example,

1720: 1649: 1563: 1509: 1351: 1327: 1288:

and the extension in yeast by a combination of genetic engineering and

1277: 1172: 1105:, wherein scientists worked toward delaying aging and prolonging life. 1041: 906: 852: 571: 385: 363: 8755: 7713:"Life History Trade-offs within the Context of Mitochondrial Hormesis" 6757: 5055: 4548: 3812:"Steve Aoki, Dan Bilzerian, a giraffe and the search for eternal life" 2260:

that any dietary restriction practice contributes to human longevity.

2058:

A related concept is "senostatic", which means to suppress senescence.

12879: 12693: 12551: 12240: 12219: 11637: 11297: 11166: 10739: 10289: 9508:

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

8984:"Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Insights From Exercise Science" 8603: 6617:

Dönertaş HM, Fuentealba M, Partridge L, Thornton JM (February 2019).

5905: 5777: 3798:

To Dvorsky, aging is a problem that's desperately in need of solving.

2713: 2495: 2192: 2110: 2075: 2030: 2022: 1925: 1868: 1704: 1536: 1403: 1363: 1343: 1339: 1317: 1313: 1134: 1069: 1045: 1007: 995: 922: 886: 816: 808: 800: 795:. Several researchers in the area, along with "life extensionists", " 678: 518: 448: 395: 390: 131: 10294:"Link between health spending and life expectancy: US is an outlier" 9035:"Friends and foes: Extracellular vesicles in aging and rejuvenation" 8402:"The Mediterranean diet, its components, and cardiovascular disease" 6284: 6047: 6022: 5974:"The scientific quest for lasting youth: prospects for curing aging" 5624: 5255:"Blood iron levels could be key to slowing ageing, gene study shows" 5120: 4196: 1875:

from 2001 to 2005) has questioned whether potential exacerbation of

13114: 12983: 12864: 12342: 11236: 11136: 7808: 7711:

Hood WR, Zhang Y, Mowry AV, Hyatt HW, Kavazis AN (September 2018).

6616: 3593: 3423: 2783:

are being investigated as means for life and healthspan extension.

2422: 2233: 2114: 2067: 1933: 1849: 1622: 1560: 1544: 1513: 1491: 1434:

could completely remedy the effects of aging by 2030. According to

1417: 1037: 979: 961: 937: 901: 705: 407: 402: 275: 75: 4675: 2307: 1519: 885:, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication." 11653: 11398: 10460: 9760:

Hofer SJ, Davinelli S, Bergmann M, Scapagnini G, Madeo F (2021).

8543:"Elixir of Life: Thwarting Aging With Regenerative Reprogramming" 8448: 8247:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

4627:

Shay KP, Moreau RF, Smith EJ, Smith AR, Hagen TM (October 2009).

2466: 2426: 2236:

response to ROS, whereby low oxidative damage can be beneficial.

2137: 2133: 1975: 1756: 1347: 1323: 1033: 999: 974:

is determined by the rate of aging for a species inherent in its

378: 202: 155: 9759: 7809:

Dominguez LJ, Di Bella G, Veronese N, Barbagallo M (June 2021).

7499: 7348: 7202: 7166: 4227: 3264: 3127: 11645: 11141: 10875:"Gerobiotics: probiotics targeting fundamental aging processes" 9762:"Caloric Restriction Mimetics in Nutrition and Clinical Trials" 9665:

O'Keefe EL, Torres-Acosta N, O'Keefe JH, Lavie CJ (July 2020).

9199: 8981: 7028:"Cellular senescence: at the nexus between ageing and diabetes" 4888: 2717: 2654:

Life expectancy vs healthcare spending of rich OECD countries.

2568: 1837: 1825: 1817: 1615: 1505: 1473: 1304:. One type of research is related to the observed effects of a 1217: 1003: 945: 8192:"Dietary Protein and Amino Acids in Vegetarian Diets-A Review" 6267:

Childs BG, Durik M, Baker DJ, van Deursen JM (December 2015).

6231: 5934:"Peter Singer on Should We Live to 1,000? – Project Syndicate" 5822:

Enhancing Evolution: The ethical case for making better people

4754:"Medication Health Fraud for Specific Diseases and Conditions" 4179:

Childs BG, Durik M, Baker DJ, van Deursen JM (December 2015).

2571:

are being investigated for potential pro-longevity therapies.

2395:: early-stage research of in vivo pro-longevity nanotechnology 12189: 11408: 9150: 8497: 7026:

Palmer AK, Gustafson B, Kirkland JL, Smith U (October 2019).

5235: 3990:"UCLA biologists delay the aging process by 'remote control'" 3350: 3078: 2550: 2145: 858: 840: 11606: 8865:"Aging: A cell source limiting factor in tissue engineering" 7025: 4676:

Arenas-Jal M, Suñé-Negre JM, García-Montoya E (March 2020).

4230:"Caloric restriction and aging: studies in mice and monkeys" 4228:

Anderson RM, Shanmuganayagam D, Weindruch R (January 2009).

9399: 8828:

P & T: A Peer-Reviewed Journal for Formulary Management

6266: 5304: 4580:"Lipid metabolism and lipid signals in aging and longevity" 4178: 4077: 3892:"How Google's Calico aims to fight aging and 'solve death'" 3351:

Stearns SC, Ackermann M, Doebeli M, Kaiser M (March 2000).

2494:

There is a need and research into the development of aging

2287:

Sustainable consumption § Sustainable food consumption

1967: 1644:

on 1.75 m people with known lifespans overall, identify 10

1442:

who originally suggested to him (circa 1959) the idea of a

1133:

included seizure of merchandise and court action. In 1991,

975: 881:, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, 10317: 9667:"Training for Longevity: The Reverse J-Curve for Exercise" 8924: 8332: 7399: 6787: 6071:

Geriatric Bioscience: The link between aging & disease

5041: 3628:

Leadership in Science and Technology: A Reference Handbook

1669:

a novel aging route with substantially extended lifespan.

928:

The average life expectancy in a population is lowered by

10819: 10604:"Ambrosia: the startup harvesting the blood of the young" 9585: 9356: 9090: 8400:

Widmer RJ, Flammer AJ, Lerman LO, Lerman A (March 2015).

8399: 6619:"Identifying Potential Ageing-Modulating Drugs In Silico" 6562: 5133: 4276: 2455:

and geroscience will have to interact closely (see also:

1010:

do not die of old age and exhibit potential immortality.

9991:"Importance of circadian timing for aging and longevity" 9810: 8786: 8047: 7760:

Lee MB, Hill CM, Bitto A, Kaeberlein M (November 2021).

7622: 6415: 5959:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

5782:

Toward a more natural science: biology and human affairs

5278: 5185: 3200: 2542:

has been critical of some anti-aging hormone therapies.

9589:

Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents

8589: 6726: 6309: 6260: 6142:"Tragedy and delight: the ethics of decelerated ageing" 5252: 5186:

Timmers PR, Wilson JF, Joshi PK, Deelen J (July 2020).

3595:

A History of Life-Extensionism in the Twentieth Century

3409: 3024: 2343:

Further advanced biosciences-based approaches include:

1716:

appear earlier than other life-extension technologies.

1458:". The idea was incorporated into Feynman's 1959 essay 846: 10826:

and the search for a long and healthy human longevity"

8592:

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Developmental Biology

7759: 7659: 5647:"A Single-Issue Political Party for Longevity Science" 5241:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

4633:

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects

4333: 4136:

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects

2562: 1438:, it was his former graduate student and collaborator 13090:

Existential risk from artificial general intelligence

9554: 8740:"Stem cell paracrine actions and tissue regeneration" 6788:

Partridge L, Fuentealba M, Kennedy BK (August 2020).

4682:

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety

3452: 2896:

Can We Live Forever? A Sociological and Moral Inquiry

2295:

modifying the Mediterranean diet as the baseline via

2051:

to determine if they can selectively induce death of

12910:

All-Party Parliamentary Group for Future Generations

9811:

Chapman BP, Roberts B, Duberstein P (10 July 2011).

8738:

Baraniak, Priya R; McDevitt, Todd C (January 2010).

8632: 7625:"Nutritional Antioxidants: It Is Time to Categorise" 6670: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6662: 6083:

Moody HR (2002). "Who's afraid of life extension?".

4626: 3922: 3790:"Futurist: 'I will reap benefits of life extension'" 2377:: early-stage research about rejuvenating/repairing 2005: 1694: 1228:, and its research team includes scientists such as 10873:Tsai YC, Cheng LH, Liu YW, Jeng OJ, Lee YK (2021). 10231: 9708: 9146: 9144: 8455:

Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health

8243:"A Review Study of a Green Diet and Healthy Ageing" 7710: 6927: 4421: 3252:"What Causes Aging? Damage-Based Theories of Aging" 3025:Olshansky SJ, Hayflick L, Carnes BA (August 2002). 3020: 3018: 1916:Controversy about life extension is due to fear of 10578: 9299: 9250: 7500:McCarty MF, O'Keefe JH, DiNicolantonio JJ (2018). 7262:Jiang S, Pan Z, Li H, Li F, Song Y, Qiu Y (2014). 6722: 6720: 6189:Perlman RM (February 1954). "The aging syndrome". 4534: 3712: 3542: 3249: 2909: 2908: 2753:and Alzheimer's disease. The approach is based on 1920:and possible effects on society. Biogerontologist 10409: 10096: 9300:Akbari M, Kirkwood TB, Bohr VA (September 2019). 9251:Akbari M, Kirkwood TB, Bohr VA (September 2019). 7660:Lobo, V; Patil, A; Phatak, A; Chandra, N (2010). 7123: 6834: 6790:"The quest to slow ageing through drug discovery" 6659: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6506: 6504: 4480: 3307: 791:beyond its generally-settled biological limit of 13254: 10872: 9141: 9086: 9084: 9082: 9080: 8737: 8333:Griswold, Max G.; et al. (September 2018). 6979:"Senolytic drugs: from discovery to translation" 6976: 6558: 6556: 6315: 5467:"Bio-engineered bladders successful in patients" 4756:. US Food and Drug Administration. 9 August 2023 3015: 2735: 2323:data suggesting negative long-term brain impacts 12412:Strategies for engineered negligible senescence 11518:Lifespan: Why We Age – and Why We Don't Have To 11222:Strategies for engineered negligible senescence 10921: 10788: 10580:"Teenagers' blood being sold for £6,200 a shot" 10232:Seals DR, Justice JN, LaRocca TJ (April 2016). 8241:Fong BY, Chiu WK, Chan WF, Lam TY (July 2021). 8240: 8189: 7762:"Antiaging diets: Separating fact from fiction" 7268:Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 6882: 6880: 6717: 6073:. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. 5949: 5947: 5181: 5179: 2312:meat reduction is (or can be) typically healthy 2268:Research suggests that increasing adherence to 1526:Strategies for engineered negligible senescence 1520:Strategies for engineered negligible senescence 1155:Other modern life extensionists include writer 827:replacement (such as with artificial organs or 12929:Centre for Enabling EA Learning & Research 10366: 10139: 9555:Baranowska B, Kochanowski J (September 2020). 8682: 8680: 8136: 8134: 8132: 8130: 8128: 7921:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 6605: 6501: 6425:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 4577: 4530: 4528: 2720:that are "simple, palatable, and affordable". 1887:wish incompatible with devotion to posterity." 921:maintenance, and recycling mechanisms such as 13218:Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies 12709: 12287: 11622: 11098: 11084: 9077: 8927:"Exerkines in health, resilience and disease" 8920: 8918: 8633:Topart C, Werner E, Arimondo PB (July 2020). 8140: 7623:Bast, A.; Haenen GRMM; Lamprecht, M. (2015). 6553: 6458: 6421: 3543:Petralia RS, Mattson MP, Yao PJ (July 2014). 2354:for pro-longevity and protective genes – see 2062:Senolytics eliminate senescent cells whereas 2016:MTOR inhibitors § Rapamycin and rapalogs 761: 12794:Psychological barriers to effective altruism 10789:Sharma D, Kober MM, Bowe WP (January 2016). 10056:International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 9869: 8291: 7261: 7074: 6877: 6569:Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 5971: 5944: 5176: 4933:A Consumer's Guide to "Alternative" Medicine 2447:: future studies may tailor and investigate 2167: 2109:candidates studied most extensively include 893:is believed to contribute to aging as well. 11029: 10654: 10652: 10650: 10539: 10537: 9032: 8677: 8125: 7918: 7406:International Journal of Molecular Sciences 7355:International Journal of Molecular Sciences 7209:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 6835:Bonkowski MS, Sinclair DA (November 2016). 6367:"Senolytic therapies for healthy longevity" 6364: 5493:Lo, Bernard; Parham, Lindsay (1 May 2009). 5084: 4525: 4125: 4123: 3860: 3657:"Is there any truth to anti-aging schemes?" 12764:Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis 12716: 12702: 12676: 12294: 12280: 11629: 11615: 11091: 11077: 10988:"Are You Living in a Computer Simulation?" 10683: 10681: 9904: 9402:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 8915: 6191:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 5833: 5574: 4945: 4378: 4024: 3952:"Young blood makes old mice more youthful" 3074: 3072: 2974: 2972: 2727: 2306:foods alongside additional restriction of 1911: 768: 754: 723:Collapse of the therapy-enhancement divide 12301: 11177:Index of topics related to life extension 10898: 10879:Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health 10849: 10757: 10572: 10570: 10568: 10566: 10486: 10437: 10427: 10343: 10257: 10208: 10022: 9930: 9838: 9828: 9787: 9777: 9736: 9726: 9682: 9641: 9631: 9527: 9470: 9460: 9325: 9276: 9227: 9217: 9168: 9124: 9060: 9050: 9009: 8999: 8950: 8890: 8880: 8839: 8763: 8714: 8704: 8660: 8650: 8635:"Wandering along the epigenetic timeline" 8566: 8474: 8425: 8358: 8309: 8268: 8258: 8217: 8207: 8166: 8108: 7887: 7877: 7836: 7826: 7785: 7736: 7687: 7677: 7599: 7589: 7540: 7517: 7476: 7427: 7417: 7376: 7366: 7279: 7238: 7228: 7100: 7051: 7002: 6977:Kirkland JL, Tchkonia T (November 2020). 6945: 6904: 6860: 6756: 6692: 6642: 6588: 6536: 6484: 6398: 6341: 6292: 6165: 6046: 5997: 5888: 5824:. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. 5518: 5338: 5279:University of California (16 July 2020). 5219: 5159: 4746: 4703: 4693: 4652: 4603: 4508: 4498: 4487:Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 4457: 4447: 4347: 4310: 4253: 4204: 4155: 4103: 4054: 3832: 3739: 3568: 3503: 3386: 3376: 3153: 3104: 3052: 3042: 2771: 1742: 12939:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk 10957: 10647: 10534: 8686: 8190:Mariotti F, Gardner CD (November 2019). 7974: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7958: 7450: 6135: 6133: 5725:"The Man Who Thinks He Can Live Forever" 5688:"Silicon Valley's Quest to Live Forever" 5669:"Veritas Forum Q&A with Peter Thiel" 5492: 5253:University of Edinburgh (16 July 2020). 4774: 4120: 3889: 3591: 3489: 3453:Bavestrello G, Sommer C, Sarà M (1992). 2978: 2818:Index of life extension-related articles 2649: 2621: 2617: 2325:even at low/moderate consumption levels. 2162: 1648:which appear to intrinsically influence 1627: 861:, an organism accumulates damage to its 554: 13019:Machine Intelligence Research Institute 11042: 11032:"What Happens When We All Live to 100?" 11016: 10985: 10960:"Will Your Uploaded Mind Still Be You?" 10678: 10576: 10510: 10508: 10506: 9501: 8821: 8082: 7308:Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 6316:Kirkland JL, Tchkonia T (August 2015). 6188: 5916:"Superlongevity Without Overpopulation" 5862: 5399: 5361: 5022: 4820: 4725: 4723: 4578:Mutlu AS, Duffy J, Wang MC (May 2021). 3987: 3673: 3654: 3622:(20 October 2011). "Transhumanism". In 3069: 2969: 1773: 1430:that he believes that advanced medical 1266:periodic replacement of damaged tissues 1191:American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine 14: 13255: 12723: 12532:Differential technological development 10713: 10658: 10601: 10563: 10543: 10514: 8311:10.1146/annurev-resource-111820-032340 8292:Parlasca MC, Qaim M (5 October 2022). 8089:European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 7980:"What Do We Know About Healthy Aging?" 7571: 7453:"The redox stress hypothesis of aging" 6886: 6841:Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology 6623:Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 6581:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-050120-105018 6517:Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology 6020: 5723:ALTER, CHARLOTTE (20 September 2023). 5685: 5495:"Ethical Issues in Stem Cell Research" 5464: 5239:Text and images are available under a 4991: 4930: 4823:"There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" 3949: 3769: 3618: 2947: 2893: 2611: 2239: 2105:Besides rapamycin and senolytics, the 1990: 1737: 1555:proteins, targeted ablation of cells, 1178: 889:damage to cellular contents caused by 783:is the concept of extending the human 12697: 12275: 11610: 11072: 10687: 10410:Vaiserman A, Lushchak O (July 2017). 10288: 10182: 8383:"Facts about moderate drinking | CDC" 8294:"Meat Consumption and Sustainability" 7955: 7305: 6130: 6082: 5749: 5722: 5541: 4866: 4847: 4729: 3923:Human Longevity Inc. (4 March 2014). 2943: 2941: 2939: 1956: 1699:Some life extensionists suggest that 1195:American Board of Medical Specialties 12338:Aldehyde-stabilized cryopreservation 10627: 10503: 10053: 9953: 9613: 9033:Lananna BV, Imai SI (October 2021). 8141:Longo VD, Anderson RM (April 2022). 7543:"Antioxidants and protein oxidation" 6139: 6101: 6023:"Age research: a new angle on 'old'" 5776: 4720: 3988:Wolpert, Stuart (8 September 2014). 3968: 3710: 2930:participating institution membership 2574: 2525: 2043:, "destroying") is among a class of 1782: 1461:There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom 1109:(1627–1691), founding member of the 847:Average life expectancy and lifespan 12934:Center for High Impact Philanthropy 12621:Future-oriented technology analysis 11004: 8298:Annual Review of Resource Economics 7717:Integrative and Comparative Biology 7469:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.445 7457:Free Radical Biology & Medicine 5836:"The ideas interview: Nick Bostrom" 4902: 3809: 3027:"Position statement on human aging" 2678:) is considered to be unavoidable. 2483: 2415:Endogenous circulating biomolecules 2403:: of tissues and organs (see also: 2338: 1295: 964:, and avoidance of hazards such as 24: 11019:"We will be able to live to 1,000" 10997: 10791:"Anti-Aging Effects of Probiotics" 10591:from the original on 14 June 2022. 9905:Froy O, Miskin R (December 2010). 9504:"Growth hormone in the aging male" 9414:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05661.x 7631:. CRC Press/Taylor & Francis. 7451:Sohal RS, Orr WC (February 2012). 6203:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1954.tb00884.x 5625:"Scientists' Open Letter on Aging" 5544:"Umbilical stem cell breakthrough" 5438:Saletan, William (18 April 2008). 4994:"Is Defeating Aging Only A Dream?" 4730:Nania, Rachel (15 November 2023). 4358:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00069.2005 2936: 2348:Genetic and epigenetic alterations 2321:), which is under research due to 1997:Ageing § Prevention and delay 1576: 25: 13294: 11057: 10416:Journal of Translational Medicine 8062:10.2174/1570161111666131219111818 3674:Schudel, Matt (6 December 1992). 2786: 2600:, mood and stress (including via 2006:Senolytics and prolongevity drugs 1791: 1695:Cloning and body part replacement 1381: 12774:Equal consideration of interests 12675: 11772:Biodemography of human longevity 11235: 11010:"The Fable of the Dragon Tyrant" 10979: 10958:Graziano M (13 September 2019). 10951: 10929:Whole Brain Emulation: A Roadmap 10915: 10866: 10813: 10782: 10733: 10707: 10621: 10595: 10454: 10403: 10360: 10311: 10282: 10225: 10176: 10133: 10090: 10047: 9982: 9947: 9898: 9863: 9804: 9753: 9702: 9658: 9607: 9579: 9548: 9495: 9436: 9393: 9350: 9293: 9244: 9193: 9153:"Metabolic Control of Longevity" 9026: 8975: 8856: 8815: 8780: 8731: 8693:Stem Cell Research & Therapy 8626: 8583: 8534: 8491: 8442: 8406:The American Journal of Medicine 8393: 8375: 8326: 8285: 8234: 8183: 8076: 8041: 7998: 7912: 7866:The British Journal of Nutrition 7853: 7802: 7753: 7704: 7653: 7616: 7565: 7534: 7493: 7444: 7393: 7342: 7299: 7255: 7196: 7160: 7117: 7068: 7019: 6970: 6921: 6828: 6781: 6452: 6358: 5972:de Magalhães JP (October 2014). 5865:"The fable of the dragon tyrant" 5234: 4935:. Prometheus Books. p. 173. 4481:McCormack D, McFadden D (2013). 3950:Landau, Elizabeth (5 May 2014). 3740:Stolyarov G (25 November 2013). 3676:"Is it a crime to live forever?" 3267:Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery 2777:Fecal microbiota transplantation 2206: 2021:This section is an excerpt from 1940: 1873:President's Council on Bioethics 1672: 982:, fruit flies, and mice include 54: 13176:Famine, Affluence, and Morality 12944:Development Media International 11252:Timeline of senescence research 10795:Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 10369:Current Atherosclerosis Reports 8687:Ullah M, Sun Z (January 2018). 8019:10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.12.002 7629:Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition 7075:Blagosklonny MV (August 2019). 6225: 6182: 6095: 6076: 6063: 6014: 5965: 5926: 5856: 5827: 5814: 5770: 5743: 5716: 5698: 5679: 5661: 5639: 5617: 5568: 5535: 5486: 5458: 5431: 5393: 5355: 5298: 5272: 5246: 5146:(Database issue): D1027–D1033. 5127: 5113: 5078: 5035: 5016: 4985: 4939: 4924: 4896: 4860: 4850:"This Man Is Not a Cyborg. Yet" 4841: 4814: 4768: 4669: 4620: 4571: 4474: 4415: 4372: 4327: 4270: 4221: 4172: 4071: 4018: 4000: 3981: 3962: 3943: 3916: 3902: 3883: 3854: 3826: 3803: 3782: 3763: 3749:. Rational Argumentator Press. 3733: 3704: 3686: 3667: 3648: 3612: 3585: 3536: 3483: 3446: 3403: 3344: 3301: 3258: 3243: 3229: 2371:and rejuvenate or replace cells 2280: 2263: 2159:(including timing) in general. 1863: 1656:and most being associated with 1185:Timeline of senescence research 1124: 1020:Timeline of senescence research 740:Therapy-enhancement distinction 32:Life extension (disambiguation) 13140:Risk of astronomical suffering 11030:Easterbrook G (October 2014). 10822:"Microbial flora, probiotics, 7541:Griffiths HR (November 2000). 7221:10.1002/14651858.CD007176.pub2 6794:Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery 5754:. Betterhumans. Archived from 5649:. Fightaging.org. 27 July 2012 3835:"Anti-Aging Potion Or Poison?" 3472:(2–3): 137–140. Archived from 3455:"Bi-directional conversion in 3194: 3170: 3121: 2902: 2887: 2825:Advanced glycation end product 2656:US average of $ 10,447 in 2018 2477:mitochondrial theory of ageing 1906:The Fable of the Dragon-Tyrant 1609: 1446:use for Feynman's theoretical 667:Treating executive dysfunction 13: 1: 12924:Centre for Effective Altruism 12754:Disability-adjusted life year 12648:Technology in science fiction 11636: 11064:Life extension on Wikiversity 11017:de Grey A (3 December 2004). 10986:Bostrom N (19 January 2010). 8931:Nature Reviews. 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The 1052:, Johann Cohausen and 950:cardiovascular disease 857:During the process of 604:Religious response to 555:Against life extension 539:Frankenstein's monster 440:Man-Computer Symbiosis 434:Deep brain stimulation 298:"Nobelist sperm banks" 263:Polygenic (risk) score 197:germline interventions 13278:Anti-aging substances 13183:The Life You Can Save 13145:Wild animal suffering 12537:Disruptive innovation 12446:Regenerative medicine 12441:Personalized medicine 12303:Emerging technologies 12060:regions by continents 11679:negligible senescence 11674:degenerative diseases 11579:Rejuvenation Research 11572:Neurobiology of Aging 11449:Methuselah Foundation 10521:MIT Technology Review 9995:Nature Communications 9923:10.18632/aging.100116 9219:10.3390/genes12091348 8744:Regenerative Medicine 7666:Pharmacognosy Reviews 7591:10.3390/antiox9100933 7547:Free Radical Research 5990:10.1089/rej.2014.1580 5978:Rejuvenation Research 5752:"Killing Immortality" 5710:MIT Technology Review 5192:Nature Communications 4234:Toxicologic Pathology 4096:10.1089/rej.2012.1324 4084:Rejuvenation Research 3598:. 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In 2014, biologist 1210:Methuselah Foundation 1030:Smith medical papyrus 1018:Further information: 813:regenerative medicine 673:Evolutionary humanism 588:That Hideous Strength 524:Stem cell controversy 310:Somatic interventions 12809:Venture philanthropy 12584:Technological change 12527:Collingridge dilemma 11905:regions of countries 11725:LGBT life expectancy 10111:10.3138/cja.27.4.399 8639:Clinical Epigenetics 8547:Circulation Research 8512:10.1089/hum.2019.197 8461:(Suppl-1): 156–164. 8345:(10152): 1015–1035. 7419:10.3390/ijms21228764 7368:10.3390/ijms20153815 5511:10.1210/er.2008-0031 5025:"The Invincible Man" 5004:on 11 September 2012 3912:. 18 September 2013. 2516:Biological databases 2084:biological databases 1871:(chairman of the US 1774:Consumer motivations 1732:reproductive cloning 1725:embryonic stem cells 1709:reproductive cloning 1667:genetically engineer 1549:allotopic expression 1093:Age of Enlightenment 829:xenotransplantations 614:Wisdom of repugnance 578:The Abolition of Man 505:Our Posthuman Future 403:Xanthine derivatives 348:Fetal tissue implant 321:Somatic gene therapy 30:For other uses, see 13044:Sentience Institute 12641:Technology scouting 12616:Accelerating change 12385:Genetic engineering 12246:Longevity insurance 12164:Digital immortality 11790:calorie restriction 11777:Indefinite lifespan 11767:Anti-aging movement 11737:Biomarkers of aging 11424:Immortalist Society 11172:Indefinite lifespan 11152:Free-radical theory 11132:Calorie restriction 11122:Anti-aging movement 10965:Wall Street Journal 10336:10.1093/cvr/cvaa025 10007:2021NatCo..12.2862A 9830:10.4061/2011/759170 9109:2019Natur.571..183C 7506:The Ochsner Journal 7281:10.3177/jnsv.60.194 6853:10.1038/nrm.2016.93 6741:2018Natur.561...45P 6383:2019Sci...364..636V 6116:10.1511/2011.91.278 6069:Hamerman D. 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Levinson 657:Augmented learning 13250: 13249: 13162:Doing Good Better 13034:Open Philanthropy 13014:Mercy for Animals 13009:The Humane League 12885:Eliezer Yudkowsky 12850:William MacAskill 12825:Sam Bankman-Fried 12739:Aid effectiveness 12691: 12690: 12510: 12509: 12473:Synthetic biology 12451:Stem-cell therapy 12434:engineered uterus 12348:Artificial organs 12269: 12268: 12100: 12099: 11820:stem-cell therapy 11732:Maximum life span 11604: 11603: 11434:Insilico Medicine 11273:Eric R. Braverman 11217:Stem-cell therapy 11051:. pp. 74–81. 11038:. pp. 60–72. 10824:Bacillus subtilis 10330:(11): 1910–1917. 10299:Our World in Data 9872:Health Psychology 9671:Missouri Medicine 9103:(7764): 183–192. 9039:FASEB BioAdvances 8756:10.2217/rme.09.74 7927:(18): 3063–3082. 7872:(10): 1081–1097. 7038:(10): 1835–1841. 6899:(12): 3606–3616. 6377:(6441): 636–637. 6279:(12): 1424–1435. 6234:The Gerontologist 6152:(1561): 108–112. 6033:(7170): 603–605. 5938:Project Syndicate 5820:Harris J. (2007) 5799:978-0-02-918340-3 5499:Endocrine Reviews 5424:978-0-19-929115-1 5386:978-0-19-929115-1 5317:(6501): 325–329. 5056:10.1159/000052792 4998:Technology Review 4970:978-0-312-36706-0 4931:Butler K (1992). 4799:978-0-670-03384-3 4639:(10): 1149–1160. 4590:(10): 1394–1407. 4549:10.1002/med.21702 4289:(7253): 392–395. 4191:(12): 1424–1435. 4142:(10): 1075–1083. 3726:978-0-385-50928-2 3632:SAGE Publications 3203:Mutation Research 3091:(11): 1006–1008. 2928:(Subscription or 2850:Human enhancement 2710:dietary education 2594:circadian rhythms 2581:Lifestyle disease 2575:Lifestyle factors 2536:hormone therapies 2526:Hormone treatment 2356:genetics of aging 2297:nutrition science 2258:clinical evidence 2225:dedicated periods 1842:Retro Biosciences 1783:Political parties 1761:biogerontologists 1719:The use of human 1583:Genetics of aging 1571:biogerontologists 1557:immunotherapeutic 1530:Genetics of aging 1157:Gennady Stolyarov 1066:Benjamin Franklin 1028:and the Egyptian 1026:Epic of Gilgamesh 988:gene manipulation 915:energy metabolism 778: 777: 567:Nikolas Kompridis 545:He Jiankui affair 338:Stem-cell therapy 241:Epigenome editing 171:Moral enhancement 48:Human enhancement 16:(Redirected from 13290: 13204:Practical Ethics 12855:Dustin Moskovitz 12845:Holden Karnofsky 12784:Marginal utility 12718: 12711: 12704: 12695: 12694: 12679: 12678: 12626:Horizon scanning 12542:Ephemeralization 12370:Brain transplant 12314: 12313: 12296: 12289: 12282: 12273: 12272: 12112:Longevity claims 11844: 11843: 11708:supercentenarian 11631: 11624: 11617: 11608: 11607: 11502:Fantastic Voyage 11293:Leonard Hayflick 11239: 11093: 11086: 11079: 11070: 11069: 11052: 11039: 11026: 11013: 10992: 10991: 10983: 10977: 10976: 10974: 10972: 10955: 10949: 10948: 10942: 10940: 10934: 10919: 10913: 10912: 10902: 10870: 10864: 10863: 10853: 10817: 10811: 10810: 10786: 10780: 10779: 10761: 10737: 10731: 10730: 10728: 10726: 10711: 10705: 10704: 10702: 10700: 10685: 10676: 10675: 10673: 10671: 10656: 10645: 10644: 10642: 10640: 10625: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10614: 10599: 10593: 10592: 10582: 10574: 10561: 10560: 10558: 10556: 10541: 10532: 10531: 10529: 10527: 10512: 10501: 10500: 10490: 10458: 10452: 10451: 10441: 10431: 10407: 10401: 10400: 10364: 10358: 10357: 10347: 10315: 10309: 10303: 10286: 10280: 10279: 10261: 10244:(8): 2001–2024. 10229: 10223: 10222: 10212: 10195:(5): 2515–2532. 10180: 10174: 10173: 10137: 10131: 10130: 10094: 10088: 10087: 10051: 10045: 10044: 10026: 9986: 9980: 9979: 9951: 9945: 9944: 9934: 9902: 9896: 9895: 9867: 9861: 9860: 9842: 9832: 9808: 9802: 9801: 9791: 9781: 9757: 9751: 9750: 9740: 9730: 9706: 9700: 9699: 9686: 9662: 9656: 9655: 9645: 9635: 9611: 9605: 9604: 9583: 9577: 9576: 9552: 9546: 9545: 9531: 9499: 9493: 9492: 9474: 9464: 9440: 9434: 9433: 9397: 9391: 9390: 9354: 9348: 9347: 9329: 9297: 9291: 9290: 9280: 9248: 9242: 9241: 9231: 9221: 9197: 9191: 9190: 9172: 9148: 9139: 9138: 9128: 9088: 9075: 9074: 9064: 9054: 9030: 9024: 9023: 9013: 9003: 8979: 8973: 8972: 8954: 8922: 8913: 8912: 8894: 8884: 8860: 8854: 8853: 8843: 8819: 8813: 8812: 8784: 8778: 8777: 8767: 8735: 8729: 8728: 8718: 8708: 8684: 8675: 8674: 8664: 8654: 8630: 8624: 8623: 8604:10.1002/wdev.308 8587: 8581: 8580: 8570: 8538: 8532: 8531: 8495: 8489: 8488: 8478: 8446: 8440: 8439: 8429: 8397: 8391: 8390: 8389:. 19 April 2022. 8379: 8373: 8372: 8362: 8330: 8324: 8323: 8313: 8289: 8283: 8282: 8272: 8262: 8238: 8232: 8231: 8221: 8211: 8187: 8181: 8180: 8170: 8153:(9): 1455–1470. 8138: 8123: 8122: 8112: 8080: 8074: 8073: 8045: 8039: 8038: 8002: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7991: 7976: 7953: 7952: 7916: 7910: 7909: 7891: 7881: 7857: 7851: 7850: 7840: 7830: 7806: 7800: 7799: 7789: 7757: 7751: 7750: 7740: 7708: 7702: 7701: 7691: 7681: 7657: 7651: 7650: 7620: 7614: 7613: 7603: 7593: 7569: 7563: 7562: 7538: 7532: 7531: 7521: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7480: 7448: 7442: 7441: 7431: 7421: 7397: 7391: 7390: 7380: 7370: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7303: 7297: 7296: 7283: 7259: 7253: 7252: 7242: 7232: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7164: 7158: 7157: 7121: 7115: 7114: 7104: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7055: 7023: 7017: 7016: 7006: 6974: 6968: 6967: 6949: 6925: 6919: 6918: 6908: 6884: 6875: 6874: 6864: 6832: 6826: 6825: 6785: 6779: 6778: 6760: 6724: 6715: 6714: 6696: 6672: 6657: 6656: 6646: 6614: 6603: 6602: 6592: 6560: 6551: 6550: 6540: 6508: 6499: 6498: 6488: 6456: 6450: 6449: 6432:(5): 1323–1331. 6419: 6413: 6412: 6402: 6362: 6356: 6355: 6345: 6313: 6307: 6306: 6296: 6264: 6258: 6257: 6229: 6223: 6222: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6169: 6137: 6128: 6127: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6080: 6074: 6067: 6061: 6060: 6050: 6018: 6012: 6011: 6001: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5961:. 6 August 2013. 5951: 5942: 5941: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5912: 5903: 5902: 5892: 5860: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5831: 5825: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5747: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5702: 5696: 5695: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5632: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5606:. Archived from 5581: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5552:. Archived from 5539: 5533: 5532: 5522: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5406:The Selfish Gene 5397: 5391: 5390: 5368:The Selfish Gene 5359: 5353: 5352: 5342: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5250: 5244: 5238: 5233: 5223: 5183: 5174: 5173: 5163: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5082: 5076: 5075: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5000:. Archived from 4989: 4983: 4982: 4949:, Rae M (2007). 4943: 4937: 4936: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4900: 4894: 4893: 4883: 4881: 4864: 4858: 4857: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4825:. Archived from 4818: 4812: 4811: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4750: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4727: 4718: 4717: 4707: 4697: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4656: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4607: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4543:(6): 2114–2131. 4532: 4523: 4522: 4512: 4502: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4461: 4451: 4419: 4413: 4412: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4351: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4314: 4274: 4268: 4267: 4257: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4208: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4159: 4127: 4118: 4117: 4107: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4058: 4029:(January 2012). 4022: 4016: 4015: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3985: 3979: 3978: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3927:. Archived from 3920: 3914: 3913: 3906: 3900: 3899: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3878: 3872:. Archived from 3867: 3858: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3786: 3780: 3779: 3767: 3761: 3760: 3748: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3718: 3711:West MD (2003). 3708: 3702: 3701: 3694:"William Faloon" 3690: 3684: 3683: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3616: 3610: 3609: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3572: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3507: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3479:on 26 June 2015. 3478: 3463: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3390: 3380: 3363:(7): 3309–3313. 3348: 3342: 3341: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3209:(3–6): 305–315. 3198: 3192: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3157: 3140:(6): 1194–1217. 3125: 3119: 3118: 3108: 3076: 3067: 3066: 3056: 3046: 3037:(8): B292–B297. 3022: 3013: 3012: 2976: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2945: 2934: 2933: 2925: 2913: 2906: 2900: 2899: 2891: 2875:Supercentenarian 2860:Maximum lifespan 2764:fiction series. 2646:Medical research 2642:Health education 2638:Health economics 2566: 2500:epigenetic clock 2484:Within the field 2409:artificial organ 2339:Other approaches 2202: 2107:drug-repurposing 2033:(from the words 1749:Leonard Hayflick 1680:The Selfish Gene 1496:Cryonics is the 1414:Raymond Kurzweil 1296:Anti-aging drugs 1270:molecular repair 1078:Elie Metchnikoff 972:Maximum lifespan 940:and age-related 793:around 125 years 789:maximum lifespan 770: 763: 756: 593: 583: 510: 499:Francis Fukuyama 474:Appeal to nature 445: 331:in sports doping 271:Prenatal testing 267: 258:Oocyte selection 196: 58: 39: 38: 21: 13298: 13297: 13293: 13292: 13291: 13289: 13288: 13287: 13253: 13252: 13251: 13246: 13230: 13149: 13115:Land use reform 13058: 12974:Founders Pledge 12949:Evidence Action 12889: 12813: 12769:Earning to give 12727: 12722: 12692: 12687: 12667: 12506: 12495:Oncolytic virus 12397:Head transplant 12305: 12300: 12270: 12265: 12229: 12183:Longevity genes 12178: 12138: 12096: 12055: 11900: 11839:life expectancy 11837: 11831: 11741: 11720:Life expectancy 11659:Longevity myths 11640: 11635: 11605: 11600: 11584: 11524: 11473: 11469:Sierra Sciences 11419:Human Longevity 11364:2045 Initiative 11352: 11348:Michael D. West 11256: 11240: 11231: 11105: 11097: 11060: 11055: 11000: 10998:Further reading 10995: 10984: 10980: 10970: 10968: 10956: 10952: 10938: 10936: 10932: 10920: 10916: 10871: 10867: 10818: 10814: 10787: 10783: 10738: 10734: 10724: 10722: 10712: 10708: 10698: 10696: 10686: 10679: 10669: 10667: 10657: 10648: 10638: 10636: 10626: 10622: 10612: 10610: 10600: 10596: 10585:The Independent 10575: 10564: 10554: 10552: 10542: 10535: 10525: 10523: 10513: 10504: 10459: 10455: 10408: 10404: 10365: 10361: 10316: 10312: 10292:(26 May 2017). 10287: 10283: 10230: 10226: 10181: 10177: 10138: 10134: 10095: 10091: 10052: 10048: 9987: 9983: 9952: 9948: 9903: 9899: 9868: 9864: 9809: 9805: 9758: 9754: 9707: 9703: 9663: 9659: 9614:Vila J (2021). 9612: 9608: 9584: 9580: 9553: 9549: 9500: 9496: 9441: 9437: 9398: 9394: 9355: 9351: 9298: 9294: 9249: 9245: 9198: 9194: 9149: 9142: 9089: 9078: 9045:(10): 787–801. 9031: 9027: 8980: 8976: 8923: 8916: 8875:(10): 787–802. 8861: 8857: 8820: 8816: 8785: 8781: 8736: 8732: 8685: 8678: 8631: 8627: 8588: 8584: 8539: 8535: 8496: 8492: 8447: 8443: 8398: 8394: 8381: 8380: 8376: 8331: 8327: 8290: 8286: 8239: 8235: 8188: 8184: 8139: 8126: 8081: 8077: 8046: 8042: 8003: 7999: 7989: 7987: 7978: 7977: 7956: 7917: 7913: 7858: 7854: 7807: 7803: 7758: 7754: 7709: 7705: 7658: 7654: 7639: 7621: 7617: 7570: 7566: 7539: 7535: 7498: 7494: 7449: 7445: 7398: 7394: 7347: 7343: 7304: 7300: 7260: 7256: 7215:(3): CD007176. 7201: 7197: 7165: 7161: 7122: 7118: 7073: 7069: 7024: 7020: 6975: 6971: 6926: 6922: 6885: 6878: 6847:(11): 679–690. 6833: 6829: 6786: 6782: 6735:(7721): 45–56. 6725: 6718: 6673: 6660: 6615: 6606: 6561: 6554: 6509: 6502: 6457: 6453: 6420: 6416: 6363: 6359: 6314: 6310: 6285:10.1038/nm.4000 6273:Nature Medicine 6265: 6261: 6230: 6226: 6187: 6183: 6138: 6131: 6100: 6096: 6081: 6077: 6068: 6064: 6048:10.1038/450603a 6019: 6015: 5970: 5966: 5953: 5952: 5945: 5932: 5931: 5927: 5914: 5913: 5906: 5861: 5857: 5847: 5845: 5832: 5828: 5819: 5815: 5800: 5792:. p. 316. 5775: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5748: 5744: 5734: 5732: 5721: 5717: 5712:. 8 March 2023. 5704: 5703: 5699: 5684: 5680: 5675:. 25 June 2015. 5667: 5666: 5662: 5652: 5650: 5645: 5644: 5640: 5630: 5628: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5610: 5579: 5573: 5569: 5559: 5557: 5556:on 20 July 2009 5540: 5536: 5491: 5487: 5477: 5475: 5463: 5459: 5449: 5447: 5436: 5432: 5425: 5398: 5394: 5387: 5360: 5356: 5303: 5299: 5289: 5287: 5277: 5273: 5263: 5261: 5251: 5247: 5184: 5177: 5132: 5128: 5119: 5118: 5114: 5083: 5079: 5040: 5036: 5029:Washington Post 5021: 5017: 5007: 5005: 4990: 4986: 4971: 4944: 4940: 4929: 4925: 4915: 4913: 4901: 4897: 4879: 4877: 4865: 4861: 4846: 4842: 4832: 4830: 4819: 4815: 4800: 4773: 4769: 4759: 4757: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4737: 4735: 4728: 4721: 4674: 4670: 4625: 4621: 4576: 4572: 4533: 4526: 4479: 4475: 4420: 4416: 4377: 4373: 4349:10.1.1.327.4892 4332: 4328: 4275: 4271: 4226: 4222: 4197:10.1038/nm.4000 4185:Nature Medicine 4177: 4173: 4128: 4121: 4076: 4072: 4023: 4019: 4006: 4005: 4001: 3986: 3982: 3967: 3963: 3948: 3944: 3934: 3932: 3921: 3917: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3888: 3884: 3876: 3870:Sens Foundation 3865: 3859: 3855: 3845: 3843: 3831: 3827: 3808: 3804: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3776:Huffington Post 3768: 3764: 3757: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3727: 3709: 3705: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3672: 3668: 3661:Popular Science 3653: 3649: 3642: 3634:. p. 587. 3617: 3613: 3606: 3590: 3586: 3541: 3537: 3505:10.1.1.500.9508 3488: 3484: 3476: 3466:Scientia Marina 3461: 3451: 3447: 3408: 3404: 3349: 3345: 3306: 3302: 3263: 3259: 3248: 3244: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3199: 3195: 3175: 3171: 3126: 3122: 3077: 3070: 3044:10.1.1.541.3004 3023: 3016: 2977: 2970: 2960: 2958: 2946: 2937: 2927: 2907: 2903: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2820: 2812:Main articles: 2810: 2795: 2789: 2774: 2750: 2744: 2738: 2730: 2648: 2614: 2583: 2577: 2528: 2492: 2486: 2341: 2289: 2283: 2266: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2215:) include that 2209: 2180: 2170: 2165: 2060: 2059: 2053:senescent cells 2045:small molecules 2026: 2018: 2008: 2003: 1993: 1959: 1943: 1914: 1866: 1852:and NewLimit), 1846:Brian Armstrong 1830:Peter Diamandis 1824:(co-founder of 1794: 1785: 1776: 1745: 1740: 1723:, particularly 1697: 1685:Richard Dawkins 1675: 1662:haem metabolism 1660:– and identify 1642:biological data 1618: 1612: 1602:and are either 1589: 1581:Main articles: 1579: 1577:Genetic editing 1532: 1524:Main articles: 1522: 1494: 1488: 1480:2045 Initiative 1476: 1470: 1436:Richard Feynman 1392:K. Eric Drexler 1384: 1312:drugs, such as 1298: 1262: 1187: 1181: 1150:Michael D. West 1127: 1121:, says Hughes. 1040:practitioners, 1022: 1016: 942:chronic disease 934:child mortality 855: 849: 774: 745: 744: 711:Natura naturans 628: 620: 619: 591: 581: 508: 486:Brave New World 479:Bioconservatism 469: 461: 460: 443: 374:Methamphetamine 343:Embryonic cells 311: 303: 302: 265: 198: 190: 183: 182: 137:Transhumanistic 66: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13296: 13286: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13265: 13263:Life extension 13248: 13247: 13245: 13244: 13238: 13236: 13232: 13231: 13229: 13228: 13221: 13214: 13207: 13200: 13193: 13186: 13179: 13172: 13165: 13157: 13155: 13151: 13150: 13148: 13147: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13130:Mass deworming 13127: 13122: 13120:Life extension 13117: 13112: 13107: 13105:Global poverty 13102: 13097: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13075:Climate change 13072: 13066: 13064: 13060: 13059: 13057: 13056: 13051: 13049:Unlimit Health 13046: 13041: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13021: 13016: 13011: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12994:Good Food Fund 12991: 12986: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12908: 12903: 12897: 12895: 12891: 12890: 12888: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12840:Hilary Greaves 12837: 12832: 12827: 12821: 12819: 12815: 12814: 12812: 12811: 12806: 12804:Utilitarianism 12801: 12796: 12791: 12786: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12759:Disease burden 12756: 12751: 12746: 12741: 12735: 12733: 12729: 12728: 12721: 12720: 12713: 12706: 12698: 12689: 12688: 12686: 12685: 12672: 12669: 12668: 12666: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12644: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12608: 12603: 12598: 12593: 12592: 12591: 12581: 12576: 12571: 12570: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12518: 12516: 12512: 12511: 12508: 12507: 12505: 12504: 12499: 12498: 12497: 12487: 12482: 12481: 12480: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12459: 12458: 12453: 12443: 12438: 12437: 12436: 12426: 12421: 12416: 12415: 12414: 12407:Life extension 12404: 12402:Isolated brain 12399: 12394: 12393: 12392: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12365:Biofabrication 12362: 12361: 12360: 12355: 12353:Organ printing 12345: 12340: 12335: 12334: 12333: 12326:3D bioprinting 12322: 12320: 12311: 12307: 12306: 12299: 12298: 12291: 12284: 12276: 12267: 12266: 12264: 12263: 12258: 12253: 12251:Longevity risk 12248: 12243: 12237: 12235: 12231: 12230: 12228: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12186: 12184: 12180: 12179: 12177: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12161: 12160: 12159: 12148: 12146: 12140: 12139: 12137: 12136: 12135: 12134: 12129: 12124: 12114: 12108: 12106: 12102: 12101: 12098: 12097: 12095: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12074: 12069: 12063: 12061: 12057: 12056: 12054: 12053: 12052: 12051: 12046: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12021: 12016: 12011: 12006: 12001: 11996: 11991: 11986: 11981: 11976: 11971: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11945: 11944: 11934: 11929: 11924: 11919: 11914: 11908: 11906: 11902: 11901: 11899: 11898: 11893: 11888: 11883: 11878: 11877: 11876: 11871: 11861: 11856: 11850: 11848: 11841: 11833: 11832: 11830: 11829: 11828: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11810:organ printing 11807: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11763: 11762: 11751: 11749: 11747:Life extension 11743: 11742: 11740: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11728: 11727: 11717: 11716: 11715: 11710: 11700: 11699: 11698: 11693: 11691:biogerontology 11683: 11682: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11661: 11656: 11650: 11648: 11642: 11641: 11634: 11633: 11626: 11619: 11611: 11602: 11601: 11599: 11598: 11596:Life extension 11592: 11590: 11586: 11585: 11583: 11582: 11575: 11568: 11561: 11558:Biogerontology 11554: 11547: 11540: 11532: 11530: 11526: 11525: 11523: 11522: 11514: 11506: 11498: 11490: 11486:Life Extension 11481: 11479: 11475: 11474: 11472: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11431: 11426: 11421: 11416: 11411: 11406: 11401: 11396: 11394:Buck Institute 11391: 11386: 11381: 11376: 11371: 11366: 11360: 11358: 11354: 11353: 11351: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11318:Ilya Mechnikov 11315: 11310: 11308:Dimu Kotsovsky 11305: 11303:Cynthia Kenyon 11300: 11295: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11278:Aubrey de Grey 11275: 11270: 11264: 11262: 11258: 11257: 11255: 11254: 11248: 11246: 11242: 11241: 11234: 11232: 11230: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11202:Organ printing 11199: 11194: 11192:Mind uploading 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11113: 11111: 11107: 11106: 11103:life extension 11096: 11095: 11088: 11081: 11073: 11067: 11066: 11059: 11058:External links 11056: 11054: 11053: 11040: 11027: 11014: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10993: 10978: 10950: 10914: 10865: 10836:(4): 133–136. 10830:Microbial Cell 10812: 10781: 10752:(8): 666–676. 10732: 10706: 10677: 10646: 10620: 10594: 10562: 10533: 10502: 10453: 10402: 10359: 10310: 10281: 10224: 10175: 10148:(4): 253–260. 10132: 10105:(4): 399–406. 10089: 10046: 9981: 9962:(4): 225–235. 9946: 9897: 9878:(5): 505–512. 9862: 9803: 9752: 9701: 9677:(4): 355–361. 9657: 9606: 9578: 9547: 9514:(4): 541–555. 9494: 9435: 9408:(1): 316–326. 9392: 9349: 9292: 9243: 9192: 9163:(4): 802–821. 9140: 9076: 9025: 8974: 8937:(5): 273–289. 8914: 8855: 8834:(10): 582–91. 8814: 8795:(4): 399–412. 8779: 8750:(1): 121–143. 8730: 8676: 8625: 8582: 8553:(1): 128–141. 8533: 8506:(1–2): 20–46. 8490: 8441: 8412:(3): 229–238. 8392: 8374: 8325: 8284: 8233: 8182: 8124: 8095:(6): 921–928. 8075: 8056:(5): 735–738. 8040: 7997: 7954: 7911: 7852: 7801: 7752: 7723:(3): 567–577. 7703: 7672:(8): 118–126. 7652: 7637: 7615: 7564: 7533: 7492: 7463:(3): 539–555. 7443: 7392: 7341: 7314:(7): 749–758. 7298: 7274:(3): 194–205. 7254: 7195: 7176:(8): 842–857. 7159: 7116: 7067: 7018: 6989:(5): 518–536. 6969: 6920: 6876: 6827: 6800:(8): 513–532. 6780: 6716: 6658: 6629:(2): 118–131. 6604: 6575:(1): 779–803. 6552: 6500: 6451: 6414: 6357: 6308: 6259: 6240:(3): 304–310. 6224: 6197:(2): 123–129. 6181: 6129: 6094: 6075: 6062: 6013: 5984:(5): 458–467. 5964: 5943: 5925: 5904: 5875:(5): 273–277. 5855: 5826: 5813: 5798: 5769: 5758:on 7 June 2004 5742: 5715: 5697: 5692:The New Yorker 5678: 5660: 5638: 5616: 5590:(6): 963–986. 5567: 5549:The Australian 5534: 5505:(3): 204–213. 5485: 5457: 5430: 5423: 5417:. p. 42. 5392: 5385: 5354: 5297: 5271: 5245: 5175: 5126: 5121:"Gene Editing" 5112: 5077: 5050:(3): 168–173. 5034: 5015: 4984: 4969: 4938: 4923: 4895: 4859: 4840: 4813: 4798: 4767: 4745: 4719: 4688:(2): 574–594. 4668: 4619: 4570: 4524: 4473: 4414: 4371: 4342:(3): 343–350. 4326: 4269: 4220: 4171: 4119: 4090:(5): 483–494. 4070: 4041:(1–2): 46–57. 4017: 3999: 3980: 3961: 3942: 3915: 3901: 3882: 3853: 3825: 3802: 3796:. 7 May 2015. 3781: 3762: 3756:978-0615932040 3755: 3743:Death is Wrong 3732: 3725: 3703: 3685: 3666: 3647: 3641:978-1452266527 3640: 3611: 3605:978-1500818579 3604: 3584: 3535: 3498:(3): 217–225. 3482: 3445: 3424:10.1038/nrg759 3418:(3): 210–219. 3402: 3343: 3300: 3273:(3): 217–229. 3257: 3242: 3228: 3193: 3190:978-0198568698 3169: 3120: 3068: 3014: 2987:(2): 223–228. 2981:Biogerontology 2968: 2935: 2901: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2821: 2809: 2806: 2793:Mind uploading 2791:Main article: 2788: 2787:Mind uploading 2785: 2773: 2770: 2761:Silicon Valley 2737: 2734: 2729: 2726: 2626:Clinical trial 2613: 2610: 2576: 2573: 2559:and exerkines 2547:growth hormone 2527: 2524: 2490:Biogerontology 2485: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2470: 2460: 2442: 2419:Blood proteins 2412: 2396: 2388: 2382: 2372: 2358: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2326: 2315: 2282: 2279: 2265: 2262: 2244:Main article: 2241: 2238: 2208: 2205: 2186:suggests that 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2140:combined with 2088:cohort studies 2049:basic research 2027: 2019: 2007: 2004: 1992: 1989: 1963:David Sinclair 1958: 1955: 1945:A Spring 2013 1942: 1939: 1922:Aubrey De Grey 1918:overpopulation 1913: 1910: 1877:overpopulation 1865: 1862: 1840:, invested in 1793: 1792:Silicon Valley 1790: 1784: 1781: 1775: 1772: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1696: 1693: 1674: 1671: 1614:Main article: 1611: 1608: 1592:Genome editing 1587:Genome editing 1578: 1575: 1521: 1518: 1490:Main article: 1487: 1484: 1472:Main article: 1469: 1466: 1396:nanotechnology 1383: 1382:Nanotechnology 1380: 1297: 1294: 1261: 1258: 1238:Cynthia Kenyon 1234:David Botstein 1202:Aubrey de Grey 1180: 1177: 1169:George Dvorsky 1126: 1123: 1062:René Descartes 1015: 1012: 998:, and certain 898:Jeanne Calment 863:macromolecules 851:Main article: 848: 845: 781:Life extension 776: 775: 773: 772: 765: 758: 750: 747: 746: 743: 742: 737: 732: 729:Promethean gap 725: 720: 713: 708: 703: 702: 701: 696: 691: 689:Life extension 686: 676: 669: 664: 659: 654: 653: 652: 645: 629: 626: 625: 622: 621: 618: 617: 610: 601: 596: 595: 594: 584: 569: 564: 563: 562: 552: 547: 542: 535: 528: 527: 526: 521: 516: 511: 496: 491: 481: 476: 470: 467: 466: 463: 462: 459: 458: 453: 452: 451: 446: 436: 431: 413: 412: 411: 410: 400: 399: 398: 393: 383: 382: 381: 376: 371: 353: 352: 351: 350: 345: 335: 334: 333: 328: 318: 312: 309: 308: 305: 304: 301: 300: 294: 293: 292: 291: 286: 281: 273: 268: 260: 255: 253:Embryo quality 245: 244: 243: 238: 228: 227: 226: 224:Pre-conception 221: 216: 208: 199: 189: 188: 185: 184: 181: 180: 179: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 142: 141: 140: 139: 134: 129: 122: 120:Posthumanistic 117: 114:Metahumanistic 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 67: 64: 63: 60: 59: 51: 50: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13295: 13284: 13283:Transhumanism 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13261: 13260: 13258: 13243: 13240: 13239: 13237: 13233: 13227: 13226: 13222: 13220: 13219: 13215: 13213: 13212: 13211:The Precipice 13208: 13206: 13205: 13201: 13199: 13198: 13194: 13192: 13191: 13187: 13185: 13184: 13180: 13178: 13177: 13173: 13171: 13170: 13166: 13164: 13163: 13159: 13158: 13156: 13152: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13100:Global health 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13080:Cultured meat 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13067: 13065: 13061: 13055: 13052: 13050: 13047: 13045: 13042: 13040: 13037: 13035: 13032: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13020: 13017: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13004:Good Ventures 13002: 13000: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12919:Animal Ethics 12917: 12915: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12902: 12899: 12898: 12896: 12894:Organizations 12892: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12822: 12820: 12816: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12736: 12734: 12730: 12726: 12719: 12714: 12712: 12707: 12705: 12700: 12699: 12696: 12684: 12683: 12674: 12673: 12670: 12664: 12663:Transhumanism 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12613: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12590: 12587: 12586: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12568: 12565: 12563: 12560: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12549: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12519: 12517: 12513: 12503: 12500: 12496: 12493: 12492: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12479: 12476: 12475: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12448: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12435: 12432: 12431: 12430: 12429:Organ culture 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12413: 12410: 12409: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12391: 12388: 12387: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12375:De-extinction 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12350: 12349: 12346: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12332: 12329: 12328: 12327: 12324: 12323: 12321: 12319: 12315: 12312: 12308: 12304: 12297: 12292: 12290: 12285: 12283: 12278: 12277: 12274: 12262: 12259: 12257: 12254: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12238: 12236: 12232: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12187: 12185: 12181: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12169:Eternal youth 12167: 12165: 12162: 12158: 12155: 12154: 12153: 12150: 12149: 12147: 12145: 12141: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12119: 12118: 12117:Oldest people 12115: 12113: 12110: 12109: 12107: 12103: 12093: 12092:South America 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12082:North America 12080: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12064: 12062: 12058: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12041: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11987: 11985: 11982: 11980: 11977: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11943: 11940: 11939: 11938: 11935: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11909: 11907: 11903: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11875: 11874:South America 11872: 11870: 11869:North America 11867: 11866: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11851: 11849: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11834: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11787: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11761: 11758: 11757: 11756: 11755:Topic outline 11753: 11752: 11750: 11748: 11744: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11726: 11723: 11722: 11721: 11718: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11705: 11704: 11701: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11688: 11687: 11684: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11666: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11651: 11649: 11647: 11643: 11639: 11632: 11627: 11625: 11620: 11618: 11613: 11612: 11609: 11597: 11594: 11593: 11591: 11587: 11581: 11580: 11576: 11574: 11573: 11569: 11567: 11566: 11562: 11560: 11559: 11555: 11553: 11552: 11548: 11546: 11545: 11541: 11539: 11538: 11534: 11533: 11531: 11527: 11520: 11519: 11515: 11512: 11511: 11507: 11504: 11503: 11499: 11496: 11495: 11491: 11488: 11487: 11483: 11482: 11480: 11476: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11357:Organizations 11355: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11288:Denham Harman 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11265: 11263: 11259: 11253: 11250: 11249: 11247: 11243: 11238: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11117:Anti-oxidants 11115: 11114: 11112: 11108: 11104: 11101: 11094: 11089: 11087: 11082: 11080: 11075: 11074: 11071: 11065: 11062: 11061: 11050: 11046: 11041: 11037: 11033: 11028: 11024: 11020: 11015: 11011: 11007: 11003: 11002: 10989: 10982: 10967: 10966: 10961: 10954: 10947: 10931: 10930: 10925: 10918: 10910: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10892: 10888: 10884: 10880: 10876: 10869: 10861: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10843: 10839: 10835: 10831: 10827: 10825: 10816: 10808: 10804: 10800: 10796: 10792: 10785: 10777: 10773: 10769: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10751: 10747: 10743: 10736: 10721: 10717: 10710: 10695: 10691: 10684: 10682: 10666: 10662: 10655: 10653: 10651: 10635: 10631: 10624: 10609: 10605: 10598: 10590: 10586: 10581: 10573: 10571: 10569: 10567: 10551: 10550:National Post 10547: 10540: 10538: 10522: 10518: 10511: 10509: 10507: 10498: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10480: 10476: 10472: 10468: 10464: 10457: 10449: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10421: 10417: 10413: 10406: 10398: 10394: 10390: 10386: 10382: 10378: 10374: 10370: 10363: 10355: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10337: 10333: 10329: 10325: 10321: 10314: 10307: 10301: 10300: 10295: 10291: 10285: 10277: 10273: 10269: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10251: 10247: 10243: 10239: 10235: 10228: 10220: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10202: 10198: 10194: 10190: 10186: 10179: 10171: 10167: 10163: 10159: 10155: 10151: 10147: 10143: 10136: 10128: 10124: 10120: 10116: 10112: 10108: 10104: 10100: 10093: 10085: 10081: 10077: 10073: 10069: 10065: 10061: 10057: 10050: 10042: 10038: 10034: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10016: 10012: 10008: 10004: 10000: 9996: 9992: 9985: 9977: 9973: 9969: 9965: 9961: 9957: 9950: 9942: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9924: 9920: 9916: 9912: 9908: 9901: 9893: 9889: 9885: 9881: 9877: 9873: 9866: 9858: 9854: 9850: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9807: 9799: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9771: 9767: 9763: 9756: 9748: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9720: 9716: 9712: 9705: 9698: 9694: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9676: 9672: 9668: 9661: 9653: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9625: 9621: 9617: 9610: 9602: 9598: 9594: 9590: 9582: 9574: 9570: 9566: 9562: 9558: 9551: 9544: 9539: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9505: 9498: 9490: 9486: 9482: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9454: 9450: 9446: 9439: 9431: 9427: 9423: 9419: 9415: 9411: 9407: 9403: 9396: 9388: 9384: 9380: 9376: 9372: 9368: 9364: 9360: 9353: 9345: 9341: 9337: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9319: 9315: 9311: 9307: 9303: 9296: 9288: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9270: 9266: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9247: 9239: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9196: 9188: 9184: 9180: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9162: 9158: 9154: 9147: 9145: 9136: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9118: 9114: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9094: 9087: 9085: 9083: 9081: 9072: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9036: 9029: 9021: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8993: 8989: 8985: 8978: 8970: 8966: 8962: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8932: 8928: 8921: 8919: 8910: 8906: 8902: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8874: 8870: 8866: 8859: 8851: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8833: 8829: 8825: 8818: 8810: 8806: 8802: 8798: 8794: 8790: 8783: 8775: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8734: 8726: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8698: 8694: 8690: 8683: 8681: 8672: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8636: 8629: 8621: 8617: 8613: 8609: 8605: 8601: 8597: 8593: 8586: 8578: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8537: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8517: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8501: 8494: 8486: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8468: 8464: 8460: 8456: 8452: 8445: 8437: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8419: 8415: 8411: 8407: 8403: 8396: 8388: 8384: 8378: 8370: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8352: 8348: 8344: 8340: 8336: 8329: 8321: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8303: 8299: 8295: 8288: 8280: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8252: 8248: 8244: 8237: 8229: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8201: 8197: 8193: 8186: 8178: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8148: 8144: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8120: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8102: 8098: 8094: 8090: 8086: 8079: 8071: 8067: 8063: 8059: 8055: 8051: 8044: 8036: 8032: 8028: 8024: 8020: 8016: 8012: 8008: 8001: 7985: 7981: 7975: 7973: 7971: 7969: 7967: 7965: 7963: 7961: 7959: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7922: 7915: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7856: 7848: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7805: 7797: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7767: 7763: 7756: 7748: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7714: 7707: 7699: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7671: 7667: 7663: 7656: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7638:9781466567573 7634: 7630: 7626: 7619: 7611: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7583: 7579: 7575: 7568: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7548: 7544: 7537: 7529: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7511: 7507: 7503: 7496: 7488: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7470: 7466: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7447: 7439: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7411: 7407: 7403: 7396: 7388: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7361:(15): E3815. 7360: 7356: 7352: 7345: 7337: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7309: 7302: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7258: 7250: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7199: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7163: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7120: 7112: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7082: 7078: 7071: 7063: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7029: 7022: 7014: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6973: 6965: 6961: 6957: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6939: 6935: 6931: 6924: 6916: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6883: 6881: 6872: 6868: 6863: 6858: 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6086: 6079: 6072: 6066: 6058: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6017: 6009: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5968: 5960: 5956: 5950: 5948: 5939: 5935: 5929: 5921: 5917: 5911: 5909: 5900: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5859: 5843: 5842: 5837: 5830: 5823: 5817: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5786:New York City 5783: 5779: 5773: 5757: 5753: 5746: 5730: 5726: 5719: 5711: 5707: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5682: 5674: 5670: 5664: 5648: 5642: 5627:. Imminst.org 5626: 5620: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5578: 5571: 5555: 5551: 5550: 5545: 5538: 5530: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5489: 5474: 5473: 5472:New Scientist 5468: 5461: 5445: 5441: 5434: 5426: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5407: 5402: 5396: 5388: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5369: 5364: 5358: 5350: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5301: 5286: 5282: 5275: 5260: 5256: 5249: 5242: 5237: 5231: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5182: 5180: 5171: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5130: 5122: 5116: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5081: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5038: 5030: 5026: 5019: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4988: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4957:New York City 4954: 4953: 4948: 4942: 4934: 4927: 4912: 4911: 4906: 4899: 4892: 4890: 4876: 4875: 4870: 4863: 4855: 4851: 4844: 4828: 4824: 4817: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4786:New York City 4783: 4782: 4777: 4771: 4755: 4749: 4733: 4726: 4724: 4715: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4672: 4664: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4623: 4615: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4574: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4531: 4529: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4477: 4469: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4418: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4375: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4330: 4322: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4273: 4265: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4224: 4216: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4175: 4167: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4126: 4124: 4115: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4074: 4066: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4021: 4013: 4009: 4003: 3995: 3994:UCLA Newsroom 3991: 3984: 3976: 3972: 3965: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3930: 3926: 3919: 3911: 3905: 3897: 3893: 3886: 3875: 3871: 3864: 3857: 3842: 3841: 3836: 3829: 3822: 3817: 3813: 3806: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3766: 3758: 3752: 3745: 3744: 3736: 3728: 3722: 3719:. Doubleday. 3717: 3716: 3707: 3699: 3695: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3670: 3662: 3658: 3651: 3643: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3615: 3607: 3601: 3597: 3596: 3588: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3539: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3460: 3458: 3449: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3406: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3347: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3304: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3261: 3253: 3246: 3238: 3237:"Mouse Facts" 3232: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3197: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3124: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3075: 3073: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3021: 3019: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2975: 2973: 2957: 2956: 2951: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2931: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2912: 2905: 2897: 2890: 2886: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2819: 2815: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2794: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2769: 2765: 2763: 2762: 2756: 2749: 2743: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2705: 2703: 2698: 2697:Health policy 2694: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2672:air pollution 2669: 2665: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2609: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2582: 2572: 2570: 2564: 2558: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2523: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2507: 2505: 2504:brain imaging 2501: 2497: 2491: 2478: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2366: 2365:reprogramming 2362: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2344: 2331: 2327: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2278: 2276: 2271: 2261: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2237: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2223:(e.g. during 2222: 2218: 2214: 2207:Complications 2204: 2200: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2179: 2175: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2148:-activators. 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2096:computational 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2057: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2024: 2017: 2013: 2012:Geroprotector 2002: 1998: 1988: 1986: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1941:Opinion polls 1938: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1896:Transhumanist 1893: 1888: 1886: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1854:Bryan Johnson 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1806:Larry Ellison 1803: 1799: 1789: 1780: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1764:Jay Olshansky 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1735: 1733: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1692: 1690: 1689:Peter Medawar 1686: 1682: 1681: 1673:Fooling genes 1670: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1630: 1626: 1624: 1617: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1584: 1574: 1572: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1553:mitochondrial 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1531: 1527: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1502:resuscitation 1499: 1493: 1483: 1481: 1475: 1465: 1464: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1422:transhumanist 1419: 1415: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1398:, postulated 1397: 1393: 1389: 1379: 1377: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1350:, as well as 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1336:pterostilbene 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1302:animal models 1293: 1291: 1287: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1230:Hal V. Barron 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1189:In 1991, the 1186: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1165:Zoltan Istvan 1162: 1161:transhumanist 1158: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1115:Alexis Carrel 1112: 1111:Royal Society 1108: 1104: 1103: 1098: 1097:Francis Bacon 1094: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1074:fin-de-siècle 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1058:Francis Bacon 1055: 1051: 1050:Luigi Cornaro 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1021: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 926: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 903: 899: 894: 892: 891:free radicals 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 854: 844: 842: 836: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 771: 766: 764: 759: 757: 752: 751: 749: 748: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 730: 726: 724: 721: 719: 718: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 681: 680: 677: 675: 674: 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 651: 650: 646: 644: 642: 638: 637: 636: 635: 631: 630: 624: 623: 615: 611: 609: 607: 602: 600: 599:"Playing God" 597: 590: 589: 585: 580: 579: 575: 574: 573: 570: 568: 565: 561: 558: 557: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 540: 536: 533: 532:Designer baby 529: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 507: 506: 502: 501: 500: 497: 495: 492: 489: 487: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 471: 465: 464: 457: 454: 450: 447: 441: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 426: 425: 424:Brain implant 422: 421: 420: 419: 418: 409: 406: 405: 404: 401: 397: 394: 392: 389: 388: 387: 384: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 366: 365: 362: 361: 360: 359: 358: 349: 346: 344: 341: 340: 339: 336: 332: 329: 327: 324: 323: 322: 319: 317: 314: 313: 307: 306: 299: 296: 295: 290: 289:Sperm sorting 287: 285: 284:Sex selection 282: 280: 278: 274: 272: 269: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 250: 249: 246: 242: 239: 237: 234: 233: 232: 229: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 211: 209: 207: 205: 201: 200: 194: 187: 186: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 148: 147: 144: 143: 138: 135: 133: 130: 127: 123: 121: 118: 115: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 83:"Beneficient" 81: 79: 78: 74: 73: 72: 69: 68: 62: 61: 57: 53: 52: 49: 46: 45: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 13223: 13216: 13209: 13202: 13195: 13188: 13181: 13174: 13167: 13160: 13119: 12979:GiveDirectly 12901:80,000 Hours 12875:Peter Singer 12870:Derek Parfit 12860:Yew-Kwang Ng 12835:Nick Bostrom 12680: 12567:Robot ethics 12419:Nanomedicine 12406: 12390:Gene therapy 12157:Regeneration 12009:South Africa 11815:rejuvenation 11805:nanomedicine 11800:gene therapy 11776: 11746: 11577: 11570: 11563: 11556: 11549: 11542: 11535: 11516: 11510:Ending Aging 11508: 11500: 11492: 11484: 11328:Durk Pearson 11313:Ray Kurzweil 11283:Laura Deming 11268:Bill Andrews 11207:Rejuvenation 11197:Nanomedicine 11157:Gene therapy 11102: 11049:The Atlantic 11048: 11036:The Atlantic 11035: 11022: 10981: 10969:. Retrieved 10963: 10953: 10944: 10937:. Retrieved 10928: 10922:Sandberg A, 10917: 10882: 10878: 10868: 10833: 10829: 10823: 10815: 10798: 10794: 10784: 10749: 10746:Nature Aging 10745: 10735: 10725:21 September 10723:. Retrieved 10719: 10709: 10697:. Retrieved 10693: 10668:. Retrieved 10664: 10637:. Retrieved 10633: 10623: 10611:. Retrieved 10608:The Guardian 10607: 10597: 10584: 10553:. Retrieved 10549: 10524:. Retrieved 10520: 10470: 10466: 10456: 10419: 10415: 10405: 10372: 10368: 10362: 10327: 10323: 10313: 10297: 10284: 10241: 10237: 10227: 10192: 10188: 10178: 10145: 10141: 10135: 10102: 10098: 10092: 10062:(2): 66–77. 10059: 10055: 10049: 9998: 9994: 9984: 9959: 9955: 9949: 9914: 9910: 9900: 9875: 9871: 9865: 9820: 9816: 9806: 9769: 9765: 9755: 9718: 9714: 9704: 9696: 9674: 9670: 9660: 9623: 9619: 9609: 9592: 9588: 9581: 9567:(2): 69–75. 9564: 9560: 9550: 9541: 9511: 9507: 9497: 9472:10807/130553 9452: 9448: 9438: 9405: 9401: 9395: 9362: 9358: 9352: 9309: 9305: 9295: 9260: 9256: 9246: 9209: 9205: 9195: 9160: 9156: 9100: 9096: 9042: 9038: 9028: 8991: 8987: 8977: 8934: 8930: 8872: 8868: 8858: 8831: 8827: 8817: 8792: 8789:Nanomedicine 8788: 8782: 8747: 8743: 8733: 8696: 8692: 8642: 8638: 8628: 8595: 8591: 8585: 8550: 8546: 8536: 8503: 8499: 8493: 8458: 8454: 8444: 8409: 8405: 8395: 8386: 8377: 8342: 8338: 8328: 8304:(1): 17–41. 8301: 8297: 8287: 8253:(15): 8024. 8250: 8246: 8236: 8202:(11): 2661. 8199: 8195: 8185: 8150: 8146: 8092: 8088: 8078: 8053: 8049: 8043: 8010: 8006: 8000: 7988:. Retrieved 7924: 7920: 7914: 7869: 7865: 7855: 7818: 7814: 7804: 7769: 7765: 7755: 7720: 7716: 7706: 7669: 7665: 7655: 7628: 7618: 7581: 7578:Antioxidants 7577: 7567: 7550: 7546: 7536: 7512:(1): 81–87. 7509: 7505: 7495: 7460: 7456: 7446: 7412:(22): 8764. 7409: 7405: 7395: 7358: 7354: 7344: 7311: 7307: 7301: 7293: 7271: 7267: 7257: 7230:10138/136201 7212: 7208: 7198: 7173: 7169: 7162: 7129: 7125: 7119: 7084: 7080: 7070: 7035: 7032:Diabetologia 7031: 7021: 6986: 6982: 6972: 6937: 6933: 6923: 6896: 6892: 6844: 6840: 6830: 6797: 6793: 6783: 6732: 6728: 6684: 6680: 6626: 6622: 6572: 6568: 6523:(2): 75–95. 6520: 6516: 6468: 6464: 6454: 6429: 6423: 6417: 6374: 6370: 6360: 6325: 6321: 6311: 6276: 6272: 6262: 6237: 6233: 6227: 6194: 6190: 6184: 6149: 6145: 6107: 6103: 6097: 6088: 6084: 6078: 6070: 6065: 6030: 6026: 6016: 5981: 5977: 5967: 5958: 5937: 5928: 5920:Fight Aging! 5919: 5872: 5868: 5858: 5846:. Retrieved 5841:The Guardian 5839: 5829: 5821: 5816: 5781: 5772: 5760:. 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Retrieved 2953: 2915: 2904: 2895: 2889: 2803: 2800: 2796: 2775: 2766: 2759: 2751: 2731: 2722: 2706: 2695: 2687:medical test 2680: 2661: 2606: 2584: 2555: 2544: 2529: 2520: 2508: 2498:such as the 2493: 2472: 2462: 2444: 2414: 2398: 2392:Nanomedicine 2390: 2384: 2374: 2360: 2347: 2342: 2290: 2281:Optimal diet 2267: 2264:Healthy diet 2255: 2230:mitochondria 2210: 2181: 2174:Inflammaging 2150: 2127: 2104: 2064:senomorphics 2061: 2040: 2034: 2028: 1981: 1960: 1952: 1947:Pew Research 1944: 1929: 1915: 1902:Nick Bostrom 1894: 1890: 1885:narcissistic 1882: 1867: 1864:Commentators 1856:(Founder of 1848:(founder of 1808:(founder of 1800:(founder of 1795: 1786: 1777: 1746: 1729: 1718: 1698: 1678: 1676: 1646:genomic loci 1635: 1619: 1596:nucleic acid 1590: 1568: 1533: 1495: 1477: 1459: 1448:nanomachines 1443: 1440:Albert Hibbs 1432:nanorobotics 1425: 1407: 1388:nanomedicine 1385: 1372: 1368:coenzyme Q10 1322: 1299: 1282: 1274:rejuvenation 1263: 1247: 1242:Craig Venter 1199: 1188: 1163:philosopher 1154: 1143: 1128: 1125:Contemporary 1107:Robert Boyle 1102:New Atlantis 1100: 1089:James Hughes 1087:Sociologist 1086: 1068:and Nicolas 1023: 970: 954:vaccinations 927: 919:proteostasis 895: 879:proteostasis 856: 837: 833:bioethicists 821:gene therapy 805:rejuvenation 797:immortalists 780: 779: 735:Technophobia 727: 715: 694:Rejuvenation 688: 672: 662:Deep ecology 648: 640: 633: 605: 586: 576: 550:Hwang affair 503: 485: 456:Neurohacking 417:Neurological 415: 414: 355: 354: 316:Body hacking 276: 203: 192: 151:Biohappiness 145: 132:Preventative 93:Compensatory 88:Emancipatory 76: 70: 36: 13063:Focus areas 12954:Faunalytics 12818:Key figures 12779:Longtermism 12631:Moore's law 12562:Neuroethics 12557:Cyberethics 12490:Virotherapy 12424:Nanosensors 12144:Immortality 11703:Centenarian 11686:Gerontology 11343:Roy Walford 11323:Liz Parrish 11162:Gerontology 10885:(1): 1–11. 10801:(1): 9–12. 10665:Vanity Fair 10189:GeroScience 10001:(1): 2862. 9917:(1): 7–27. 9455:: 214–277. 9212:(9): 1348. 8387:www.cdc.gov 7889:2434/612956 7821:(6): 2028. 7584:(10): 933. 6471:(10): 925. 6085:Generations 5604:10576/52103 5198:(1): 3570. 5044:Gerontology 5008:15 February 4916:21 February 4760:7 September 4738:7 September 4705:2445/181270 3680:SunSentinel 3459:(Hydrozoa)" 2855:Immortality 2840:Centenarian 2830:Aging brain 2748:blood libel 2670:(LLE) from 2630:Metascience 2330:whole-grain 2308:meat intake 2304:plant-based 2188:antioxidant 2125:enhancers. 2001:Brain aging 1899:philosopher 1814:Peter Thiel 1753:fibroblasts 1610:CRISPR/Cas9 1594:, in which 1569:While some 1360:lipoic acid 1332:resveratrol 1328:polyphenols 1326:activating 1208:formed the 1206:David Gobel 1139:Bill Faloon 1095:. He cites 911:antioxidant 369:Amphetamine 210:Counseling 126:Prometheist 108:Libertarian 103:"Directive" 77:Adaptionist 13273:Population 13257:Categories 13154:Literature 12830:Liv Boeree 12522:Automation 12318:Biomedical 12127:by country 12024:Tajikistan 11989:Kazakhstan 11847:by country 11664:Senescence 11589:Categories 11551:Aging Cell 11384:Altos Labs 11338:Sandy Shaw 11212:Senescence 11127:Biohacking 11100:Outline of 10699:5 November 10670:5 November 10639:5 November 10613:5 November 10555:5 November 10526:5 November 10473:(1): 566. 10422:(1): 160. 9956:Physiology 9823:: 759170. 9772:: 717343. 9721:: 803421. 9626:: 717164. 9365:: 101142. 9312:: 100940. 9263:: 100940. 8994:: 604274. 7132:: 101240. 7087:(8): 607. 6940:: 101621. 6758:1887/75460 6091:(4): 33–7. 5790:Free Press 5478:26 January 5093:(1): 3–9. 4880:1 December 4776:Kurzweil R 4493:: 575482. 4025:Rando TA, 3975:gizmag.com 3182:019856869X 2932:required.) 2911:"agerasia" 2882:References 2870:Slow aging 2865:Senescence 2781:probiotics 2755:parabiosis 2714:checklists 2634:Telehealth 2616:See also: 2598:well-being 2586:Loneliness 2579:See also: 2532:anti-aging 2496:biomarkers 2488:See also: 2465:: such as 2435:body fluid 2379:epigenetic 2363:: in vivo 2285:See also: 2250:See also: 2172:See also: 2119:spermidine 2072:Everolimus 2036:senescence 2010:See also: 1995:See also: 1972:David Gems 1930:decreasing 1834:Sam Altman 1822:Larry Page 1798:Jeff Bezos 1721:stem cells 1650:healthspan 1564:hydrolases 1537:stem cells 1510:skepticism 1364:senolytics 1352:oleic acid 1342:, such as 1340:flavonoids 1330:, such as 1280:activity. 1278:telomerase 1220:announced 1183:See also: 1173:Steve Aoki 1046:hygienists 1042:alchemists 913:defenses, 907:DNA repair 853:Senescence 809:stem cells 801:longevists 572:C.S. Lewis 494:Chesterton 468:Opposition 386:Nootropics 364:Stimulants 176:Prostheses 98:Democratic 12880:Cari Tuna 12552:Bioethics 12485:Tricorder 12241:Blue zone 11999:Palestine 11917:Australia 11912:Argentina 11638:Longevity 11333:Mark Roth 11298:Saul Kent 11167:Glycation 11006:Bostrum N 10924:Boström N 10768:2662-8465 10720:New Atlas 10375:(6): 28. 10041:234770669 9387:221136388 9344:199544098 8969:247524287 8909:207894219 8645:(1): 97. 8528:208645665 8320:1941-1340 8196:Nutrients 8035:209510802 8013:: 65–69. 8007:Maturitas 7949:204815279 7815:Nutrients 7336:235334397 7154:229351578 6964:248089515 6822:218912510 6687:: 49–66. 6328:: 19–25. 6124:123698910 5653:7 October 5631:7 October 5403:(2006) . 5401:Dawkins R 5365:(2006) . 5363:Dawkins R 5290:17 August 5264:18 August 4979:132583222 4947:de Grey A 4565:220047655 4381:BioEssays 4344:CiteSeerX 3935:12 August 3555:: 66–82. 3500:CiteSeerX 3039:CiteSeerX 2691:biomarker 2683:screening 2423:exerkines 2381:machinery 2193:Vitamin D 2111:metformin 2102:methods. 2076:Rapamycin 2031:senolytic 2023:Senolytic 1926:menopause 1869:Leon Kass 1713:rejection 1705:stem cell 1604:expressed 1561:lysosomal 1404:computers 1344:quercetin 1318:metformin 1314:rapamycin 1200:In 2003, 1146:Doubleday 1144:In 2003, 1135:Saul Kent 1070:Condorcet 1008:jellyfish 980:nematodes 938:accidents 923:autophagy 887:Oxidation 817:molecular 679:Longevity 519:Leon Kass 449:Neuralink 396:Piracetam 391:Modafinil 277:Selective 204:Selective 71:Rationale 12984:GiveWell 12865:Toby Ord 12732:Concepts 12343:Ampakine 12122:verified 12044:shortest 11864:Americas 11836:Lists of 11786:Methods 11529:Journals 11147:Exercise 11137:Cryonics 11023:BBC News 10926:(2008). 10909:33520563 10860:28435840 10807:26741377 10776:37117767 10589:Archived 10497:35681084 10448:28728596 10397:21658334 10389:29728772 10354:32123898 10268:25639909 10219:34241808 10162:30936533 10127:24698644 10119:19416800 10084:12544814 10076:15901215 10033:34001884 9976:21841071 9941:20228939 9892:18823176 9857:16615606 9849:21766032 9798:34552954 9747:34925198 9693:32848273 9652:34589025 9601:33261297 9573:33185993 9538:24054930 9489:51865989 9481:30071357 9430:35478202 9422:11795523 9379:32814129 9336:31415807 9287:31415807 9238:34573330 9179:27518560 9135:31292558 9071:34632314 9020:33597890 8961:35304603 8901:31692986 8850:23115468 8809:17716143 8774:20017699 8725:29321045 8699:(1): 3. 8671:32616071 8620:46743444 8612:29350802 8577:29301845 8520:31802714 8485:33029192 8436:25447615 8369:30146330 8279:34360317 8228:31690027 8177:35487190 8119:32661353 8070:24350926 8027:31883665 7941:31631676 7906:53226475 7898:30401007 7847:34204683 7796:34793210 7747:30011013 7698:22228951 7647:26065087 7610:33003362 7559:11191275 7528:29559876 7487:22080087 7438:33233489 7387:31387214 7328:34081543 7290:25078376 7249:22419320 7190:17327526 7146:33347992 7111:31406105 7062:31451866 7013:32686219 6956:35421606 6915:34587244 6871:27552971 6814:32467649 6775:52161707 6767:30185958 6711:53755842 6703:30472217 6653:30581056 6599:32997601 6547:33328614 6495:33116117 6446:32386656 6409:31097655 6352:25446976 6303:26646499 6254:15197284 6219:45894370 6211:13129024 6176:21115537 6057:18046373 6008:25132068 5899:15863685 5844:. London 5808:11677465 5780:(1985). 5735:31 March 5529:19366754 5411:New York 5373:New York 5349:32675375 5285:Phys.org 5259:Phys.org 5230:32678081 5170:23193293 5107:19005494 5072:10069927 5064:11340324 4833:22 March 4808:57201348 4778:(2005). 4714:33325173 4663:19664690 4614:33891896 4557:32578904 4519:23691264 4468:18523577 4428:PLOS ONE 4409:16882387 4401:20091754 4366:16189280 4321:19587680 4264:19075044 4215:26646499 4166:19465083 4114:23098078 4065:22265401 4027:Chang HY 4012:ABC News 3818:. VICE. 3620:Hughes J 3579:24910306 3440:28379017 3432:11972158 3397:10716732 3338:29623681 3330:16085467 3295:24617426 3287:22468953 3164:23746838 3115:16264422 3063:12145354 3001:18726707 2808:See also 2681:Regular 2463:Peptides 2427:myokines 2275:national 2234:hormetic 2115:acarbose 2068:Apigenin 1934:Max More 1850:Coinbase 1836:(CEO of 1816:(former 1636:In July 1623:nematode 1545:telomere 1514:quackery 1492:Cryonics 1486:Cryonics 1418:futurist 1260:Research 1048:such as 1038:Ayurveda 962:exercise 944:such as 902:wildtype 819:repair, 785:lifespan 706:Natalism 488:Argument 408:Caffeine 357:Chemical 279:abortion 219:Genomic 214:Genetic 193:De facto 161:Eugenics 146:Paradigm 65:Advocacy 12234:Related 12105:Records 12087:Oceania 12049:longest 11959:Germany 11954:Finland 11922:Belgium 11891:Oceania 11654:Old age 11399:BioViva 10939:7 March 10900:7817508 10851:5376353 10488:9184560 10439:5520340 10345:7449554 10290:Roser M 10276:9776021 10259:4933122 10210:8599533 10170:4726262 10024:8129076 10003:Bibcode 9932:2837202 9840:3134197 9789:8450594 9738:8674197 9684:7431070 9643:8473615 9529:3940699 9327:7479635 9278:7479635 9229:8467098 9187:2316555 9126:7205183 9105:Bibcode 9062:8493967 9011:7882633 8952:9554896 8892:6828594 8841:3474440 8765:2833273 8716:5763529 8662:7330981 8568:5823281 8476:7536728 8427:4339461 8360:6148333 8270:8345706 8219:6893534 8168:9089818 8110:8189904 7838:8231595 7787:8841109 7766:Science 7738:6145418 7689:3249911 7601:7599503 7519:5855430 7478:3267846 7429:7699590 7378:6696113 7240:8407395 7102:6690951 7053:6731336 7004:7405395 6862:5107309 6737:Bibcode 6644:6362144 6590:7790861 6538:8344376 6486:7595194 6400:6816502 6379:Bibcode 6371:Science 6343:4412760 6294:4748967 6167:3001315 6035:Bibcode 5999:4203147 5890:1734155 5848:17 July 5762:17 July 5673:YouTube 5560:17 July 5520:2726839 5446:. Slate 5340:7437498 5319:Bibcode 5311:Science 5221:7366647 5200:Bibcode 5161:3531213 4654:2756298 4605:8173711 4510:3649683 4459:2386967 4436:Bibcode 4312:2786175 4291:Bibcode 4255:3734859 4206:4748967 4157:2885961 4105:3482848 4056:3336960 3846:17 July 3626:(ed.). 3570:4133289 3530:2009972 3522:9615920 3365:Bibcode 3223:1383772 3155:3836174 3106:1371037 2961:17 July 2718:recipes 2712:, food 2319:of wine 2232:have a 2138:glycine 2134:SRT2104 1976:Basenji 1844:), and 1757:entropy 1625:worms. 1468:Cyborgs 1444:medical 1348:fisetin 1324:Sirtuin 1250:Harvard 1034:Taoists 1014:History 1000:sponges 966:smoking 956:, good 871:tissues 799:", or " 627:Related 379:Ritalin 206:Cloning 156:Cyborgs 13268:Ageing 13235:Events 12547:Ethics 12515:Topics 12310:Fields 12215:Klotho 12132:living 12077:Europe 12067:Africa 12029:Turkey 12019:Sweden 12004:Russia 11994:Mexico 11974:Israel 11964:Greece 11949:France 11942:Cities 11932:Canada 11927:Brazil 11886:Europe 11859:Africa 11646:Ageing 11521:(2019) 11513:(2007) 11505:(2004) 11497:(1998) 11489:(1982) 11404:Calico 11261:People 11245:Events 11142:Cyborg 11110:Issues 10971:19 May 10946:brain. 10907: 10897: 10858: 10848: 10805: 10774: 10766: 10694:Quartz 10495: 10485: 10446: 10436: 10395: 10387: 10352: 10342: 10274: 10266: 10256: 10217: 10207: 10168: 10160: 10125: 10117: 10082: 10074: 10039: 10031: 10021: 9974: 9939: 9929: 9890: 9855: 9847: 9837: 9796: 9786: 9745: 9735: 9691: 9681: 9650: 9640: 9599: 9571: 9536: 9526: 9487: 9479: 9428: 9420: 9385: 9377: 9342: 9334: 9324: 9285: 9275: 9236: 9226: 9185: 9177: 9133: 9123: 9097:Nature 9069: 9059: 9018: 9008: 8967: 8959: 8949: 8907: 8899: 8889: 8848: 8838: 8807: 8772: 8762: 8723: 8713: 8669: 8659: 8618: 8610: 8575: 8565: 8526: 8518: 8483: 8473: 8434: 8424: 8367: 8357: 8339:Lancet 8318: 8277: 8267: 8226: 8216: 8175: 8165: 8117: 8107: 8068: 8033: 8025: 7990:1 June 7947: 7939: 7904: 7896: 7845: 7835: 7794: 7784: 7745: 7735: 7696: 7686: 7645: 7635: 7608: 7598: 7557: 7526: 7516: 7485: 7475: 7436: 7426: 7385: 7375: 7334: 7326: 7288: 7247: 7237: 7188: 7152: 7144: 7109: 7099: 7060: 7050: 7011: 7001: 6962: 6954: 6913: 6869: 6859: 6820: 6812: 6773: 6765: 6729:Nature 6709: 6701: 6651: 6641: 6597: 6587: 6545: 6535: 6493: 6483: 6444: 6407: 6397: 6350: 6340: 6301: 6291: 6252: 6217: 6209: 6174: 6164: 6122: 6055: 6027:Nature 6006: 5996: 5897: 5887: 5806: 5796: 5778:Kass L 5731:. 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9426:S2CID 9383:S2CID 9340:S2CID 9206:Genes 9183:S2CID 8965:S2CID 8905:S2CID 8616:S2CID 8598:(2). 8524:S2CID 8031:S2CID 7945:S2CID 7902:S2CID 7332:S2CID 7150:S2CID 6960:S2CID 6818:S2CID 6771:S2CID 6707:S2CID 6215:S2CID 6120:S2CID 5611:(PDF) 5580:(PDF) 5444:Slate 5068:S2CID 4561:S2CID 4405:S2CID 3877:(PDF) 3866:(PDF) 3747:(PDF) 3526:S2CID 3477:(PDF) 3462:(PDF) 3436:S2CID 3388:16235 3334:S2CID 3291:S2CID 3005:S2CID 2926: 2567:like 2563:above 2561:(see 2551:IGF-1 2199:above 2197:(see 2146:FOXO3 1450:(see 1119:cells 992:hydra 976:genes 867:cells 859:aging 841:aging 825:organ 643:wombs 12682:List 12358:Womb 12200:CETP 12195:APOE 12072:Asia 11881:Asia 11825:SENS 11439:LEAF 11374:AgeX 10973:2020 10941:2013 10905:PMID 10856:PMID 10803:PMID 10772:PMID 10764:ISSN 10727:2021 10701:2017 10672:2017 10641:2017 10634:CNBC 10615:2017 10557:2017 10528:2017 10493:PMID 10444:PMID 10385:PMID 10350:PMID 10306:here 10264:PMID 10215:PMID 10158:PMID 10115:PMID 10072:PMID 10029:PMID 9972:PMID 9937:PMID 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