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1283:
81:
593:
1269:
422:
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1114:(est. 2001) seeks to reduce global threats from nuclear, biological and chemical threats, and containment of damage after an event. It maintains a nuclear material security index. The Lifeboat Foundation (est. 2009) funds research into preventing a technological catastrophe. Most of the research money funds projects at universities. The Global Catastrophic Risk Institute (est. 2011) is a US-based non-profit, non-partisan think tank founded by
1227:
1311:
8639:
1241:
1255:
1297:
54:
513:. A disaster severe enough to cause the permanent, irreversible collapse of human civilisation would constitute an existential catastrophe, even if it fell short of extinction. Similarly, if humanity fell under a totalitarian regime, and there were no chance of recovery then such a dystopia would also be an existential catastrophe.
988:
negotiate and adjudicate between diverse and conflicting interests. This is further underlined by an understanding of the interconnectedness of global systemic risks. In absence or anticipation of global governance, national governments can act individually to better understand, mitigate and prepare for global catastrophes.
1974:'s definition: "An existential risk is one that threatens the premature extinction of Earth-originating intelligent life or the permanent and drastic destruction of its potential for desirable future development." Source: Bostrom, Nick (2013). "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority". Global Policy. 4:15-31.
808:
Scope insensitivity influences how bad people consider the extinction of the human race to be. For example, when people are motivated to donate money to altruistic causes, the quantity they are willing to give does not increase linearly with the magnitude of the issue: people are roughly as willing
1166:
explained to the AFP news agency, "It seems a reasonable prediction that some time in this or the next century intelligence will escape from the constraints of biology". He added that when this happens "we're no longer the smartest things around," and will risk being at the mercy of "machines that
974:
remains habitable, calorie needs for the present human population might in theory be met during an extended absence of sunlight, given sufficient advance planning. Conjectured solutions include growing mushrooms on the dead plant biomass left in the wake of the catastrophe, converting cellulose to
705:
expressed this with regards to nuclear war: "Understanding the long-term consequences of nuclear war is not a problem amenable to experimental verification". Moreover, many catastrophic risks change rapidly as technology advances and background conditions, such as geopolitical conditions, change.
987:
creates risks in the social and political domain, but the governance mechanisms develop more slowly than technological and social change. There are concerns from governments, the private sector, as well as the general public about the lack of governance mechanisms to efficiently deal with risks,
823:
Substantially larger numbers, such as 500 million deaths, and especially qualitatively different scenarios such as the extinction of the entire human species, seem to trigger a different mode of thinking... People who would never dream of hurting a child hear of existential risk, and say, "Well,
1004:
There is evidence to suggest that collectively engaging with the emotional experiences that emerge during contemplating the vulnerability of the human species within the context of climate change allows for these experiences to be adaptive. When collective engaging with and processing emotional
1130:(est. 2014) works to reduce extreme, large-scale risks from transformative technologies, as well as steer the development and use of these technologies to benefit all life, through grantmaking, policy advocacy in the United States, European Union and United Nations, and educational outreach.
700:
Research into the nature and mitigation of global catastrophic risks and existential risks is subject to a unique set of challenges and, as a result, is not easily subjected to the usual standards of scientific rigour. For instance, it is neither feasible nor ethical to study these risks
967:. It is designed to hold 2.5 billion seeds from more than 100 countries as a precaution to preserve the world's crops. The surrounding rock is −6 °C (21 °F) (as of 2015) but the vault is kept at −18 °C (0 °F) by refrigerators powered by locally sourced coal.
768:
global public good, since most of the benefits of existential risk reduction would be enjoyed by future generations, and though these future people would in theory perhaps be willing to pay substantial sums for existential risk reduction, no mechanism for such a transaction exists.
527:
suggests an example.) A dystopian scenario shares the key features of extinction and unrecoverable collapse of civilization: before the catastrophe humanity faced a vast range of bright futures to choose from; after the catastrophe, humanity is locked forever in a terrible state.
1000:
called for greater climate change action and published its
Climate Emergency Plan, which proposes ten action points to limit global average temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Further, in 2019, the Club published the more comprehensive Planetary Emergency Plan.
743:
have ended in a loss of centralized governance and a major civilization-wide loss of infrastructure and advanced technology. However, these examples demonstrate that societies appear to be fairly resilient to catastrophe; for example, Medieval Europe survived the
706:
Another challenge is the general difficulty of accurately predicting the future over long timescales, especially for anthropogenic risks which depend on complex human political, economic and social systems. In addition to known and tangible risks, unforeseeable
727:
to occur in the past is not evidence against their likelihood in the future, because every world that has experienced such an extinction event has no observers, so regardless of their frequency, no civilization observes existential risks in its history. These
1076:(est. 1945) is one of the oldest global risk organizations, founded after the public became alarmed by the potential of atomic warfare in the aftermath of WWII. It studies risks associated with nuclear war and energy and famously maintains the
412:
In the 21st century, a number of academic and non-profit organizations have been established to research global catastrophic and existential risks, formulate potential mitigation measures and either advocate for or implement these measures.
445:
killed an estimated 3–6% of the world's population. Most global catastrophic risks would not be so intense as to kill the majority of life on earth, but even if one did, the ecosystem and humanity would eventually recover (in contrast to
718:
Humanity has never suffered an existential catastrophe and if one were to occur, it would necessarily be unprecedented. Therefore, existential risks pose unique challenges to prediction, even more than other long-term events, because of
764:, so we should expect it to be undersupplied by markets. Even if a large nation invests in risk mitigation measures, that nation will enjoy only a small fraction of the benefit of doing so. Furthermore, existential risk reduction is an
1187:
was established in
January 2019 at Georgetown's Walsh School of Foreign Service and will focus on policy research of emerging technologies with an initial emphasis on artificial intelligence. They received a grant of 55M USD from
4119:
Whether you are searching for a cure for cancer, or pursuing a scholarly or artistic career, or engaged in establishing more just institutions, a threat to the future of humanity is also a threat to the significance of what you
1084:(est. 1986) examines the risks of nanotechnology and its benefits. It was one of the earliest organizations to study the unintended consequences of otherwise harmless technology gone haywire at a global scale. It was founded by
2536:
Desvousges, W.H., Johnson, F.R., Dunford, R.W., Boyle, K.J., Hudson, S.P., and Wilson, N. 1993, Measuring natural resource damages with contingent valuation: tests of validity and reliability. In
Hausman, J.A. (ed),
853:
Homo... A premium was placed on close attention to the near future and early reproduction, and little else. Disasters of a magnitude that occur only once every few centuries were forgotten or transmuted into myth."
1203:(WHO) includes a division called the Global Alert and Response (GAR) which monitors and responds to global epidemic crisis. GAR helps member states with training and coordination of response to epidemics. The
3851:
1142:
are some of its biggest donors. The Center on Long-Term Risk (est. 2016), formerly known as the
Foundational Research Institute, is a British organization focused on reducing risks of astronomical suffering
479:) would either cause outright human extinction or irreversibly lock in a drastically inferior state of affairs. Existential risks are a sub-class of global catastrophic risks, where the damage is not only
2746:
The international body responsible for the continued prohibition of bioweapons (the
Biological Weapons Convention) has an annual budget of $ 1.4 million - less than the average McDonald's restaurant
930:
Some scholars propose the establishment on Earth of one or more self-sufficient, remote, permanently occupied settlements specifically created for the purpose of surviving a global disaster. Economist
732:
issues may partly be avoided by looking at evidence that does not have such selection effects, such as asteroid impact craters on the Moon, or directly evaluating the likely impact of new technology.
463:
singles out and groups together events that bring about "utter overthrow or ruin" on a global, rather than a "local or regional" scale. Posner highlights such events as worthy of special attention on
849:
argued that: "The reason for this myopic fog, evolutionary biologists contend, is that it was actually advantageous during all but the last few millennia of the two million years of existence of the
1162:(est. 2012) is a Cambridge University-based organization which studies four major technological risks: artificial intelligence, biotechnology, global warming and warfare. All are man-made risks, as
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3089:
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The unprecedented nature of existential risks poses a special challenge in designing risk mitigation measures since humanity will not be able to learn from a track record of previous events.
893:
Human extinction is most likely when all three defenses are weak, that is, "by risks we are unlikely to prevent, unlikely to successfully respond to, and unlikely to be resilient against".
1095:
Beginning after 2000, a growing number of scientists, philosophers and tech billionaires created organizations devoted to studying global risks both inside and outside of academia.
2123:
7610:
7497:
434:
The term global catastrophic risk "lacks a sharp definition", and generally refers (loosely) to a risk that could inflict "serious damage to human well-being on a global scale".
6906:
369:
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is a
Stanford University-based organization focusing on many issues related to global catastrophe by bringing together members of academia in the humanities. It was founded by
6882:
3693:
We currently focus on efforts to reduce the worst risks of astronomical suffering (s-risks) from emerging technologies, with a focus on transformative artificial intelligence.
542:
Potential global catastrophic risks are conventionally classified as anthropogenic or non-anthropogenic hazards. Examples of non-anthropogenic risks are an asteroid or comet
735:
To understand the dynamics of an unprecedented, unrecoverable global civilizational collapse (a type of existential risk), it may be instructive to study the various local
7507:
6489:
6846:
6432:
1954:
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and Tony
Barrett. GCRI does research and policy work across various risks, including artificial intelligence, nuclear war, climate change, and asteroid impacts. The
904:
Some researchers argue that both research and other initiatives relating to existential risk are underfunded. Nick
Bostrom states that more research has been done on
883:: Preventing the scaling of a catastrophe to the global level. Example: Measures to prevent escalation of a small-scale nuclear exchange into an all-out nuclear war.
600:
Anthropogenic risks are those caused by humans and include those related to technology, governance, and climate change. Technological risks include the creation of
889:: Increasing humanity's resilience (against extinction) when faced with global catastrophes. Example: Measures to increase food security during a nuclear winter.
1215:
has a division called the Global
Security Principal Directorate which researches on behalf of the government issues such as bio-security and counter-terrorism.
6482:
934:
argues that a refuge permanently housing as few as 100 people would significantly improve the chances of human survival during a range of global catastrophes.
441:
may have resulted in the deaths of a third of Europe's population, 10% of the global population at the time. Some were global, but were not as severe—e.g. the
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6505:
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601:
596:
Arrangement of global catastrophic risks into three sets according to whether they are largely human-caused, human influences upon nature, or purely natural
8605:
6130:
4579:
3201:"The responsibility of communicating difficult truths about climate influenced societal disruption and collapse: an introduction to psychological research"
1005:
experiences is supportive, this can lead to growth in resilience, psychological flexibility, tolerance of emotional experiences, and community engagement.
940:
has been proposed globally, but the monetary cost would be high. Furthermore, it would likely contribute to the current millions of deaths per year due to
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8541:
1204:
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475:
Existential risks are defined as "risks that threaten the destruction of humanity's long-term potential." The instantiation of an existential risk (an
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Winston's creator, George Orwell, believed that freedom would eventually defeat the truth-twisting totalitarianism portrayed in
Nineteen Eighty-Four.
1180:
4267:
Our Final Hour: A Scientist's warning: How Terror, Error, and Environmental Disaster Threaten Humankind's Future in This Century—On Earth and Beyond
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877:: Reducing the probability of a catastrophe occurring in the first place. Example: Measures to prevent outbreaks of new highly infectious diseases.
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to prevent the deaths of 200,000 or 2,000 birds. Similarly, people are often more concerned about threats to individuals than to larger groups.
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argues that the absence of human extinction in the past is weak evidence that there will be no human extinction in the future, due to
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While extinction is the most obvious way in which humanity's long-term potential could be destroyed, there are others, including
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Humanity has suffered large catastrophes before. Some of these have caused serious damage but were only local in scope—e.g. the
8175:
4009:
Avin, Shahar; Wintle, Bonnie C.; Weitzdörfer, Julius; ó Héigeartaigh, Seán S.; Sutherland, William J.; Rees, Martin J. (2018).
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has called existential risk a "useless category" that can distract from real threats such as climate change and nuclear war.
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The Machine Intelligence Research Institute aims to reduce the risk of a catastrophe, should such an event eventually occur.
2933:"Long term cost-effectiveness of resilient foods for global catastrophes compared to artificial general intelligence safety"
1154:(est. 2005) which researched the questions of humanity's long-term future, particularly existential risk. It was founded by
1033:
advocated colonizing other planets within the Solar System once technology progresses sufficiently, in order to improve the
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All past predictions of human extinction have proven to be false. To some, this makes future warnings seem less credible.
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1935:
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is a proposed alternative to improve the odds of surviving an extinction scenario. Solutions of this scope may require
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Europe survived losing 25 to 50 percent of its population in the Black Death, while keeping civilization firmly intact
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1102:(est. 2000), which aims to reduce the risk of a catastrophe caused by artificial intelligence, with donors including
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There are economic reasons that can explain why so little effort is going into existential risk reduction. It is a
38:
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writes that humanity must become a multiplanetary species in order to avoid extinction. Musk is using his company
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3049:"Feeding everyone: Solving the food crisis in event of global catastrophes that kill crops or obscure the sun"
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5116:
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is a hypothetical event that could damage human well-being on a global scale, even endangering or destroying
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4374:. Ten scientists name the biggest dangers to Earth and assess the chances they will happen. April 14, 2005.
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4113:
3303:"Elon Musk thinks life on earth will go extinct, and is putting most of his fortune toward colonizing Mars"
1644:
1563:
Ripple WJ, Wolf C, Newsome TM, Galetti M, Alamgir M, Crist E, Mahmoud MI, Laurance WF (November 13, 2017).
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than on existential risks. Bostrom's comparisons have been criticized as "high-handed". As of 2020, the
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grounds because they could directly or indirectly jeopardize the survival of the human race as a whole.
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2616:"Defence in Depth Against Human Extinction: Prevention, Response, Resilience, and Why They All Matter"
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944:. In 2022, a team led by David Denkenberger modeled the cost-effectiveness of resilient foods to
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2676:"Could science destroy the world? These scholars want to save us from a modern-day Frankenstein"
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2019:
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is a useful framework for categorizing risk mitigation measures into three layers of defense:
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and found "~98-99% confidence" for a higher marginal impact of work on resilient foods. Some
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Other risk assessment groups are based in or are part of governmental organizations. The
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Scope–severity grid from Bostrom's paper "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority"
405:
or permanently and drastically curtail humanity's existence or potential is known as an "
350:
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3276:
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2199:
1502:
1482:"The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary"
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Denkenberger, David C.; Sandberg, Anders; Tieman, Ross John; Pearce, Joshua M. (2022).
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writes that "perhaps an eternity of totalitarianism would be worse than extinction". (
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2124:"Did George Orwell secretly rewrite the end of Nineteen Eighty-Four as he lay dying?"
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that have occurred throughout human history. For instance, civilizations such as the
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preventing recovery and thereby affecting both current and all future generations.
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can influence people's judgment of the importance of existential risks, including
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30:"Existential threat" and "Doomsday scenario" redirect here. For other uses, see
8283:
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2008:"Astronomical Waste: The opportunity cost of delayed technological development"
1274:
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3735:
Environment and Development Economics: Essays in Honour of Sir Partha Dasgupta
2884:
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extinction events may occur, presenting an additional methodological problem.
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1611:"Existential Risks: Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards"
1340:
1189:
1061:
833:
816:
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282:
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2389:"Anthropic Shadow: Observation Selection Effects and Human Extinction Risks"
2317:
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846:
829:
740:
637:
629:
547:
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514:
247:
58:
4126:
1183:
focusing on political cooperation to reduce global catastrophic risk. The
8144:
8139:
8104:
7967:
7625:
7564:
7174:
7129:
7124:
7104:
6962:
6790:
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1107:
1103:
949:
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438:
205:
5527:
4172:
2995:"The doomsday vault: the seeds that could save a post-apocalyptic world"
2295:
2259:
2242:
8303:
8288:
8114:
8094:
7620:
7090:
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5353:
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5101:
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4589:
3908:
1995:, Future of Humanity Institute – Technical Report #2015-1, pp. 1–4
1591:
702:
665:
1268:
963:
is buried 400 feet (120 m) inside a mountain on an island in the
421:
8572:
8518:
7972:
7598:
7429:
7354:
7325:
6770:
6760:
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3253:
3205:
Institute for Leadership and Sustainability (IFLAS) Occasional Papers
2907:
2287:
1437:
1163:
1131:
1115:
1041:
971:
906:
398:
3852:"Georgetown launches think tank on security and emerging technology"
3680:
3437:"Reducing Long-Term Catastrophic Risks from Artificial Intelligence"
3436:
3385:
3360:
8365:
7635:
7452:
7056:
6750:
6336:
6205:
6084:
5830:
5815:
5346:
5331:
5233:
5071:
4519:
4290:
4008:
3090:"Global Challenges Foundation | Understanding Global Systemic Risk"
2727:
2473:
1669:
1167:
are not malicious, but machines whose interests don't include us."
1089:
1048:
to develop technology he hopes will be used in the colonization of
554:
167:
6891:
2972:"Doomsday vault for world's seeds is opened under Arctic mountain"
2105:, eds. Bostrom & Cirkovic (Oxford University Press): 504–519.
1310:
1226:
978:
8338:
7653:
7003:
6504:
5810:
5659:
5496:
5486:
5294:
5106:
4818:
4813:
4249:
The Doomsday Book: The Science Behind Humanity's Greatest Threats
2509:"Cognitive Biases Potentially Affecting Judgment of Global Risks"
1144:
3548:"The Lifeboat Foundation: Battling Asteroids, Nanobots and A.I."
2930:
2276:"Nuclear War and Climatic Catastrophe: Some Policy Implications"
1207:(USAID) has its Emerging Pandemic Threats Program which aims to
970:
More speculatively, if society continues to function and if the
8002:
7164:
6684:
5820:
5746:
2564:
Cognitive biases potentially affecting judgment of global risks
2318:"Existential Risks: Exploring a Robust Risk Reduction Strategy"
1211:
and contain naturally generated pandemics at their source. The
1045:
964:
669:
53:
3886:
3627:
1699:
1098:
Independent non-governmental organizations (NGOs) include the
5491:
5250:
4401:
3949:
3492:"Isis could obtain nuclear weapon from Pakistan, warns India"
3410:"Apocalypse soon: the scientists preparing for the end times"
3127:
1126:, releases a yearly report on the state of global risks. The
975:
sugar, or feeding natural gas to methane-digesting bacteria.
850:
4294:
4117:. Vol. LXVIII, no. 3. pp. 26–29. p. 28:
3825:
3766:
3047:
Denkenberger, David C.; Pearce, Joshua M. (September 2015).
3022:"Here's how the world could end—and what we can do about it"
2614:
Cotton-Barratt, Owen; Daniel, Max; Sandberg, Anders (2020).
2613:
5835:
4396:
4295:
The Precipice - Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity
3983:
3573:
1794:
1639:
1049:
922:
organization had an annual budget of US$ 1.4 million.
824:
maybe the human species doesn't really deserve to survive".
4378:
Humanity under threat from perfect storm of crises – study
4128:
Technofix: Why Technology Won't Save Us or the Environment
3249:"Stephen Hawking: Humanity Must Colonize Space to Survive"
2732:
The precipice: Existential risk and the future of humanity
2702:"Oxford Institute Forecasts The Possible Doom Of Humanity"
2478:
The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity
2160:
2072:
The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity
1955:
The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity
1479:
1444:
The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity
1037:
from planet-wide events such as global thermonuclear war.
660:. Other global catastrophic risks include climate change,
616:
creates risks in the social and political domain, such as
4339:
2451:
578:
3223:"Mankind must abandon earth or face extinction: Hawking"
1565:"World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice"
1562:
819:
plays a role in public perception of existential risks:
8543:
UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)
4135:, Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada, 464 pages
2375:
3914:
Historical Dictionary of the World Health Organization
3767:"Millennium Alliance for Humanity & The Biosphere"
3521:
3361:"Nanotech takes small step towards burying 'grey goo'"
2903:
The Earth's Biosphere: Evolution, Dynamics, and Change
6564:
Existential risk from artificial general intelligence
6312:
Existential risk from artificial general intelligence
4654:
Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal
4125:
Huesemann, Michael H., and Joyce A. Huesemann (2011)
3797:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 43.
1729:
723:. Unlike with most events, the failure of a complete
429:
6131:
All-Party Parliamentary Group for Future Generations
4580:
Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments
4174:
High Noon 20 Global Problems, 20 Years to Solve Them
3771:
Millennium Alliance for Humanity & The Biosphere
3322:"Nanotechnology: Molecular Machines that Mimic Life"
2577:"We're Underestimating the Risk of Human Extinction"
1222:
6635:
Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence
3828:. Center for International Security and Cooperation
3826:"Center for International Security and Cooperation"
3790:
2544:
1979:
1970:This is an equivalent, though crisper statement of
752:despite losing 25 to 50 percent of its population.
569:destroying electronic equipment, natural long-term
3046:
2992:
2885:Catastrophe, social collapse, and human extinction
1989:Existential risk and existential hope: Definitions
1876:
1205:United States Agency for International Development
1173:Millennium Alliance for Humanity and the Biosphere
4152:Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed
3707:"Cambridge to study technology's risks to humans"
2502:
2500:
1985:
1181:Center for International Security and Cooperation
1179:, among others. Stanford University also has the
8678:
6675:Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence
5708:List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
4310:End Times: A Brief Guide to the End of the World
3489:
2937:International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
2566:". Global catastrophic risks 1 (2008): 86. p.114
1769:"Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority"
416:
3215:
1853:"How big a deal was the Industrial Revolution?"
1800:
1122:(est. 2012), based in Stockholm and founded by
979:Global catastrophic risks and global governance
713:
8567:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
6670:Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies
6151:Centre for Enabling EA Learning & Research
5606:List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
4335:"Are we on the road to civilisation collapse?"
3654:"Ava of 'Ex Machina' Is Just Sci-Fi (for Now)"
3277:"Hawking: Humans at risk of lethal 'own goal'"
2497:
2447:"Are we on the road to civilization collapse?"
2159:. London: Secker & Warburg. Archived from
1805:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 1.
755:
7669:
6907:
6854:Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies
6834:Open letter on artificial intelligence (2015)
6490:
6440:Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies
5929:
4611:Existential risk from artificial intelligence
4452:
4438:
4414:Stephen Petranek: 10 ways the world could end
3731:
3407:
2673:
2184:"Assessing natural global catastrophic risks"
1879:"1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics"
1877:Taubenberger, Jeffery; Morens, David (2006).
470:
370:
6014:Psychological barriers to effective altruism
3591:
3319:
3198:
3173:
3148:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
1150:University-based organizations included the
946:artificial general intelligence (AGI) safety
695:
531:
7447:Hazard analysis and critical control points
4659:Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal
4131:, Chapter 6, "Sustainability or Collapse",
3651:
3608:. Boston, Massachusetts: Emerson Collective
3463:
2969:
2887:". Global catastrophic risks 1 (2008): 357.
2243:"Nuclear War as a Global Catastrophic Risk"
1850:
1185:Center for Security and Emerging Technology
8638:
7676:
7662:
6914:
6900:
6497:
6483:
5984:Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis
5936:
5922:
4762:Climate change and civilizational collapse
4445:
4431:
4040:"Twenty ways the world could end suddenly"
3907:
2756:
2754:
2539:Contingent Valuation:A Critical Assessment
2267:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1480:Schulte, P.; et al. (March 5, 2010).
1412:The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History
991:
377:
363:
8578:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
4347:
4026:
3946:"USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats Program"
3384:
2647:
2506:
2258:
2217:
2207:
2048:
2023:
1902:
1590:
1580:
1055:
8606:UN Conference on Sustainable Development
7420:Structured or semi-structured interviews
6640:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
6161:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
5765:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
5703:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
3917:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 92.
3849:
3738:. Oxford University Press. p. 112.
3620:
3300:
2726:
2541:, pp. 91–159 (Amsterdam: North Holland).
1986:Cotton-Barratt, Owen; Ord, Toby (2015),
1945:
1675:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
1473:
1160:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
1158:and was based at Oxford University. The
748:without suffering anything resembling a
591:
420:
52:
44:For broader coverage of this topic, see
6680:Machine Intelligence Research Institute
6241:Machine Intelligence Research Institute
4285:Surviving 1,000 Centuries Can We Do It?
4011:"Classifying global catastrophic risks"
3845:
3843:
3441:Machine Intelligence Research Institute
3274:
2763:"Reducing the Risk of Human Extinction"
2760:
2751:
2674:Kupferschmidt, Kai (January 11, 2018).
2550:
2240:
2005:
1825:
1801:Bostrom, Nick; Cirkovic, Milan (2008).
1766:
1749:
1605:
1539:
1100:Machine Intelligence Research Institute
494:
27:Hypothetical global-scale disaster risk
14:
8679:
8176:Corporate environmental responsibility
5943:
3980:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
3628:"Global Challenges Foundation website"
3600:"Human Extinction Isn't That Unlikely"
3542:
3466:"Is Artificial Intelligence a Threat?"
2852:
2827:
2315:
2152:
2121:
1925:
1213:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
862:
857:
7657:
6895:
6478:
5917:
4426:
4307:
3597:
3358:
3246:
2858:
2833:
2669:
2667:
2609:
2607:
2371:
2369:
2273:
2093:
2091:
1999:
1552:. Oxford University Press. p. 1.
1460:World Scientists' Warning to Humanity
1008:
63:extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs
8549:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)
4782:Tipping points in the climate system
4109:"The Power of Catastrophic Thinking"
4103:
3850:Anderson, Nick (February 28, 2019).
3840:
3673:
3574:"Global Catastrophic Risk Institute"
3408:Sophie McBain (September 25, 2014).
2896:
2444:
2181:
2115:
1942:Introduction, "What is Catastrophe?"
1851:Muehlhauser, Luke (March 15, 2017).
1724:
1722:
1694:
1692:
1664:
1662:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1599:
1556:
925:
6921:
6156:Center for High Impact Philanthropy
4777:Extinction risk from climate change
4676:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
3704:
3275:Shukman, David (January 19, 2016).
2993:Suzanne Goldenberg (May 20, 2015).
2472:
2069:
1951:
1930:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1616:Journal of Evolution and Technology
772:
24:
8191:Environmental full-cost accounting
7683:
7550:Bayesian statistics and Bayes nets
6822:Statement on AI risk of extinction
5737:List of fictional doomsday devices
4002:
3709:. Associated Press. Archived from
3598:Meyer, Robinson (April 29, 2016).
3464:Angela Chen (September 11, 2014).
2664:
2604:
2366:
2088:
956:with multiple-year food supplies.
602:artificial intelligence misaligned
430:Defining global catastrophic risks
25:
8718:
8125:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
7479:Failure mode and effects analysis
6559:Ethics of artificial intelligence
4757:Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
4327:
4227:The Collapse of Complex Societies
3877:"Global Alert and Response (GAR)"
3705:Hui, Sylvia (November 25, 2012).
3490:Alexander Sehmar (May 31, 2015).
3470:The Chronicle of Higher Education
3120:"Global Catastrophic Risk Policy"
2970:Lewis Smith (February 27, 2008).
1719:
1689:
1659:
1627:
1326:Artificial intelligence arms race
1074:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
8637:
8626:
8625:
8595:UN Millennium Declaration (2000)
7582:Multi-criteria decision analysis
7530:Reliability centered maintenance
6878:
6877:
6569:Friendly artificial intelligence
5994:Equal consideration of interests
5873:
5872:
5860:
5018:Decline in amphibian populations
3301:Ginsberg, Leah (June 16, 2017).
2790:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00960.x
2761:Matheny, Jason Gaverick (2007).
2416:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01460.x
2282:. Council on Foreign Relations.
2247:Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis
1830:. Faber and Faber. p. 397.
1309:
1295:
1281:
1267:
1253:
1239:
1225:
1067:
79:
39:Global Catastrophic Risks (book)
8181:Corporate social responsibility
8110:Ocean thermal energy conversion
8049:Community-supported agriculture
7734:Human impact on the environment
6398:Famine, Affluence, and Morality
6166:Development Media International
5369:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
4866:Land surface effects on climate
4839:Human impact on the environment
4470:Future of an expanding universe
4402:Global Catastrophic Risk Policy
3968:
3938:
3901:
3869:
3818:
3784:
3759:
3725:
3698:
3645:
3566:
3536:
3522:"About the Lifeboat Foundation"
3514:
3483:
3457:
3429:
3401:
3352:
3313:
3294:
3268:
3247:Malik, Tariq (April 13, 2013).
3240:
3192:
3167:
3142:
3112:
3082:
3040:
3014:
2986:
2963:
2924:
2890:
2877:
2720:
2694:
2591:
2569:
2556:
2530:
2466:
2438:
2309:
2234:
2175:
2146:
2122:Glover, Dennis (June 1, 2017).
1919:
1870:
1844:
1819:
587:billions of years in the future
57:Artist's impression of a major
8421:Socially responsible marketing
7498:Cause and consequence analysis
7372:Occupational safety and health
7280:Identity and access management
6630:Center for Applied Rationality
6362:Risk of astronomical suffering
3320:Fred Hapgood (November 1986).
3199:Kieft, J.; Bendell, J (2021).
3179:"The Planetary Emergency Plan"
2325:Science and Engineering Ethics
1928:Catastrophe: Risk and Response
1700:"The Future of Life Institute"
1533:
1147:) from emerging technologies.
634:genetically modified organisms
456:Catastrophe: Risk and Response
13:
1:
8612:Sustainable Development Goals
8416:Socially responsible business
6146:Centre for Effective Altruism
5974:Disability-adjusted life year
5315:Interpretations of Revelation
5117:Cosmological phase transition
5023:Decline in insect populations
4475:Ultimate fate of the universe
4388:Annual Reports on Global Risk
4028:10.1016/j.futures.2018.02.001
3068:10.1016/j.futures.2014.11.008
2579:. The Atlantic. March 6, 2012
2156:Nineteen Eighty-Four. A novel
1790:– via Existential Risk.
1466:
920:Biological Weapons Convention
721:observation selection effects
417:Definition and classification
7458:Structured What If Technique
7441:Hazard and operability study
7297:Business continuity planning
6650:Future of Humanity Institute
6261:Raising for Effective Giving
6186:Future of Humanity Institute
5770:Future of Humanity Institute
5167:Potentially hazardous object
5067:Interplanetary contamination
4392:Global Challenges Foundation
4114:The New York Review of Books
3791:Guruprasad Madhavan (2012).
3652:Nick Bilton (May 28, 2015).
3154:"The Climate Emergency Plan"
2861:Prospects for Human Survival
2445:Kemp, Luke (February 2019).
1883:Emerging Infectious Diseases
1645:Future of Humanity Institute
1152:Future of Humanity Institute
1120:Global Challenges Foundation
714:Lack of historical precedent
656:using weapons such as large
538:Global catastrophe scenarios
401:. An event that could cause
7:
8441:Sustainability organization
8226:Standards and certification
7817:Social return on investment
7435:Preliminary hazard analysis
7254:Operational risk management
6867:Artificial Intelligence Act
6861:Do You Trust This Computer?
6412:Living High and Letting Die
6357:Neglected tropical diseases
5650:Nemesis (hypothetical star)
4799:Global terrestrial stilling
2957:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102798
2599:The New York Times Magazine
2507:Yudkowsky, Eliezer (2008).
2274:Sagan, Carl (Winter 1983).
1926:Posner, Richard A. (2006).
1730:"Nuclear Threat Initiative"
1218:
1171:was an acting adviser. The
756:Incentives and coordination
336:Science fiction prototyping
268:Reference class forecasting
10:
8723:
7866:Systemic change resistance
7519:Human reliability analysis
7203:Enterprise risk management
6126:Against Malaria Foundation
6019:Quality-adjusted life year
5162:Asteroid impact prediction
5137:Heat death of the universe
4547:Mutual assured destruction
4353:"The Case for Longtermism"
4231:Cambridge University Press
3683:. Center on Long-Term Risk
2209:10.1007/s11069-022-05660-w
1450:Timeline of the far future
1356:Future of the Solar System
1012:
961:Svalbard Global Seed Vault
899:
535:
471:Defining existential risks
43:
36:
29:
8621:
8532:
8469:
8241:
8168:
8077:
8044:Climate-smart agriculture
8029:
8001:
7958:
7912:
7879:
7752:
7709:
7691:
7591:
7508:Layer protection analysis
7503:Cause-and-effect analysis
7385:
7310:Financial risk management
7192:
7157:
7047:Vulnerability (computing)
6936:
6929:
6875:
6814:
6693:
6620:Alignment Research Center
6612:
6604:Technological singularity
6554:Effective accelerationism
6516:
6464:Effective Altruism Global
6456:
6391:The End of Animal Farming
6375:
6284:
6251:Nuclear Threat Initiative
6136:Animal Charity Evaluators
6113:
6037:
5951:
5854:
5788:
5780:Nuclear Threat Initiative
5757:
5713:List of apocalyptic films
5690:
5556:2011 end times prediction
5548:
5288:Prophecy of Seventy Weeks
5283:Abomination of desolation
5219:
5157:Asteroid impact avoidance
5094:
5005:
4987:List of extinction events
4962:
4955:
4921:
4829:Environmental degradation
4725:
4716:
4631:
4616:Technological singularity
4485:
4460:
4454:Global catastrophic risks
4279:Roger-Maurice Bonnet and
3882:World Health Organization
3794:Practicing Sustainability
3524:. The Lifeboat Foundation
2516:Global Catastrophic Risks
2337:10.1007/s11948-014-9559-3
2129:The Sydney Morning Herald
2103:Global Catastrophic Risks
2034:10.1017/s0953820800004076
1803:Global Catastrophic Risks
1735:Nuclear Threat Initiative
1546:Global Catastrophic Risks
1201:World Health Organization
1112:Nuclear Threat Initiative
1080:established in 1947. The
696:Methodological challenges
662:environmental degradation
612:. Insufficient or malign
532:Potential sources of risk
61:. An asteroid caused the
32:Doomsday (disambiguation)
8697:Post-apocalyptic fiction
8186:Environmental accounting
7935:Sustainable architecture
7925:Environmental technology
7469:Business impact analysis
7285:Vulnerability management
7231:Personal risk management
7030:Global catastrophic risk
6655:Future of Life Institute
6574:Instrumental convergence
6419:The Most Good You Can Do
6332:Intensive animal farming
6317:Global catastrophic risk
6191:Future of Life Institute
5775:Future of Life Institute
5677:Resurrection of the dead
5670:Post-tribulation rapture
5052:Colony collapse disorder
4407:August 11, 2019, at the
4397:Center on Long-Term Risk
2978:. London. Archived from
2859:Wells, Willard. (2017).
2834:Wells, Willard. (2009).
1826:Ziegler, Philip (2012).
1705:Future of Life Institute
1128:Future of Life Institute
1035:chance of human survival
737:civilizational collapses
585:and engulfing the Earth
391:global catastrophic risk
108:Global catastrophic risk
37:Not to be confused with
8059:Sustainable agriculture
7350:Precautionary principle
7302:Disaster risk reduction
6510:artificial intelligence
6221:The Good Food Institute
5969:Demandingness objection
4601:Artificial intelligence
2863:. Lifeboat Foundation.
2632:10.1111/1758-5899.12786
2241:Scouras, James (2019).
2153:Orwell, George (1949).
2099:The totalitarian threat
1788:10.1111/1758-5899.12002
1511:10.1126/science.1177265
1455:Triple planetary crisis
1396:Outside Context Problem
992:Climate emergency plans
690:sustainable agriculture
676:resource distribution,
646:critical infrastructure
477:existential catastrophe
443:1918 influenza pandemic
321:Exploratory engineering
211:Causal layered analysis
8702:Science fiction themes
8602:(Rio+10, Johannesburg)
8471:Sustainable management
8456:Urban drainage systems
8196:Environmental planning
8160:Water recycling shower
8150:Tidal stream generator
7945:Sustainable industries
7904:Sustainable population
7889:Demographic transition
7871:Tragedy of the commons
7545:Monte Carlo simulation
7535:Sneak circuit analysis
6930:Risk type & source
6579:Intelligence explosion
6447:What We Owe the Future
6276:Wild Animal Initiative
6009:Moral circle expansion
5730:List of disaster films
5571:Apocalyptic literature
4671:Malthusian catastrophe
4597:Synthetic intelligence
4297:Bloomsbury Publishing
4287:Springer-Praxis Books.
4169:Jean-Francois Rischard
4133:New Society Publishers
3732:Scott Barrett (2014).
2597:Is Humanity Suicidal?
2316:Jebari, Karim (2014).
2182:Baum, Seth D. (2023).
2097:Bryan Caplan (2008). "
2074:. New York: Hachette.
2006:Bostrom, Nick (2009).
1958:. New York: Hachette.
1895:10.3201/eid1201.050979
1767:Bostrom, Nick (2013).
1346:Foresight (psychology)
1056:Skeptics and opponents
826:
791:availability heuristic
787:hyperbolic discounting
597:
559:lethal gamma-ray burst
426:
148:Historical materialism
66:
8494:Humanistic capitalism
8309:Environmental finance
7950:Sustainable packaging
7570:Cost/benefit analysis
7214:Regulatory compliance
6534:AI capability control
6405:The Life You Can Save
6367:Wild animal suffering
5112:Coronal mass ejection
4574:Electromagnetic pulse
4535:Kinetic energy weapon
4308:Walsh, Bryan (2019).
4107:(February 25, 2021).
2562:Yudkowsky, Eliezer. "
1582:10.1093/biosci/bix125
1423:Speculative evolution
1391:Nuclear proliferation
1386:List of global issues
1024:megascale engineering
821:
803:overconfidence effect
750:civilization collapse
666:extinction of species
595:
575:extraterrestrial life
567:coronal mass ejection
424:
226:Cross impact analysis
56:
8461:Urban infrastructure
8155:Water heat recycling
7978:Conservation biology
7822:Steady-state economy
7797:Micro-sustainability
7782:Ecological footprint
7739:Planetary boundaries
7333:Strategic management
7209:Corporate governance
6987:Anthropogenic hazard
6625:Center for AI Safety
6029:Venture philanthropy
5514:War of Gog and Magog
5191:Near-Earth supernova
4941:Human overpopulation
4745:Mass mortality event
4639:Anthropogenic hazard
4343:. February 19, 2019.
4210:The End of the World
4074:The Limits to Growth
3986:on December 27, 2007
3889:on February 16, 2003
3632:globalchallenges.org
3094:globalchallenges.org
3028:. AAAS. July 8, 2016
1401:Planetary boundaries
1331:Community resilience
678:human overpopulation
654:radiological warfare
581:transforming into a
524:Nineteen Eighty-Four
495:Non-extinction risks
8692:Apocalyptic fiction
8562:Earth Summit (1992)
8216:Metrics and indices
8069:Sustainable fishery
7988:Holocene extinction
7807:Product stewardship
7777:Earth Overshoot Day
7493:Event tree analysis
7488:Fault tree analysis
7474:Root cause analysis
7453:Toxicity assessment
7395:Exposure assessment
7365:Disaster management
7292:Incident management
7275:Security management
6968:Psychosocial hazard
6951:Reputational damage
6840:Our Final Invention
6266:Sentience Institute
5586:Blood moon prophecy
5379:Number of the Beast
4977:Holocene extinction
4923:Earth Overshoot Day
4871:Ocean acidification
4834:Habitat destruction
4824:Ecological collapse
4530:Kinetic bombardment
4465:Future of the Earth
4384:. February 6, 2020.
3956:on October 22, 2014
3713:on December 1, 2012
3377:2004Natur.429..591G
3359:Giles, Jim (2004).
2949:2022IJDRR..7302798D
2782:2007RiskA..27.1335M
2524:2008gcr..book...86Y
2408:2010RiskA..30.1495C
2260:10.1017/bca.2019.16
2200:2023NatHa.115.2699B
1503:2010Sci...327.1214S
1497:(5970): 1214–1218.
1376:Holocene extinction
1366:Global Risks Report
1361:Climate engineering
1124:Laszlo Szombatfalvy
1082:Foresight Institute
863:Multi-layer defense
858:Proposed mitigation
795:conjunction fallacy
783:scope insensitivity
399:modern civilization
351:Technology scouting
98:Accelerating change
8021:Sustainable energy
7983:Endangered species
7940:Sustainable design
7854:Consumer behaviour
7575:Risk–benefit ratio
7377:Swiss cheese model
7338:Risk communication
7246:Disease management
7120:Exchange rate risk
7115:Interest rate risk
6347:Malaria prevention
6307:Economic stability
6292:Biotechnology risk
6246:Malaria Consortium
6211:Giving What We Can
6181:Fistula Foundation
5964:Charity assessment
5945:Effective altruism
5901:Doomsday scenarios
5467:Beast of the Earth
5359:Book of Revelation
5147:Virtual black hole
5127:False vacuum decay
5077:Pollinator decline
5040:Biological warfare
5030:Biotechnology risk
4881:Resource depletion
4366:"What a way to go"
4358:The New York Times
4351:(August 5, 2022).
4349:MacAskill, William
4312:. Hachette Books.
4092:The Future of Life
3130:on August 11, 2019
3100:on August 16, 2017
2815:on August 27, 2014
2734:. Hachette Books.
2480:. Hachette Books.
2377:Cirkovic, Milan M.
2070:Ord, Toby (2020).
1952:Ord, Toby (2020).
1857:lukemuelhauser.com
1261:Outer space portal
1247:Spaceflight portal
1020:Space colonization
1015:Space and survival
1009:Space colonization
762:global public good
626:biological warfare
604:with human goals,
598:
427:
341:Speculative design
221:Consensus forecast
216:Chain-linked model
178:Resource depletion
67:
8674:
8673:
8600:Earth Summit 2002
8583:Lisbon Principles
8555:Our Common Future
8233:Sustainable yield
8039:Civic agriculture
7792:Green consumption
7729:Global governance
7651:
7650:
7464:Scenario analysis
7405:Scenario planning
7360:Crisis management
7241:Stress management
7188:
7187:
7081:Reputational risk
6889:
6888:
6806:Eliezer Yudkowsky
6781:Stuart J. Russell
6599:Superintelligence
6472:
6471:
6384:Doing Good Better
6256:Open Philanthropy
6236:Mercy for Animals
6231:The Humane League
6105:Eliezer Yudkowsky
6070:William MacAskill
6045:Sam Bankman-Fried
5959:Aid effectiveness
5911:
5910:
5742:Zombie apocalypse
5643:Postmillennialism
5438:Great Tribulation
5211:Stellar collision
5172:Near-Earth object
5122:Geomagnetic storm
5090:
5089:
5013:Biodiversity loss
4997:Genetic pollution
4951:
4950:
4740:Biodiversity loss
4703:Societal collapse
4681:Nuclear holocaust
4666:Economic collapse
4649:Doomsday argument
4567:Antimatter weapon
4192:Radical Evolution
4044:Discover Magazine
3976:"Global Security"
3546:(July 20, 2010).
2917:978-0-262-69298-4
2402:(10): 1495–1506.
1812:978-0-19-857050-9
1575:(12): 1026–1028.
1418:Societal collapse
1317:technology portal
1303:Philosophy portal
1194:Open Philanthropy
985:global governance
954:survival retreats
926:Survival planning
838:anthropic effects
813:Eliezer Yudkowsky
766:intergenerational
622:nuclear holocaust
614:global governance
563:geomagnetic storm
448:existential risks
395:doomsday scenario
387:
386:
273:Scenario planning
136:Space exploration
16:(Redirected from
8714:
8687:Existential risk
8641:
8640:
8629:
8628:
8573:Agenda 21 (1992)
8544:
8509:Natural resource
8396:Organic movement
8371:Impact investing
8090:Hydroelectricity
8064:Sustainable diet
8016:Renewable energy
8011:Carbon footprint
7993:Invasive species
7930:Natural building
7881:World population
7842:Marketing myopia
7802:Over-consumption
7772:Circular economy
7767:Anti-consumerism
7724:Environmentalism
7678:
7671:
7664:
7655:
7654:
7643:Opportunity cost
7592:Related concepts
7525:Bow tie analysis
7410:Contingency plan
7236:Health insurance
7224:Internal control
7065:Operational risk
6980:Natural disaster
6934:
6933:
6916:
6909:
6902:
6893:
6892:
6881:
6880:
6828:Human Compatible
6801:Roman Yampolskiy
6549:Consequentialism
6506:Existential risk
6499:
6492:
6485:
6476:
6475:
6426:Practical Ethics
6075:Dustin Moskovitz
6065:Holden Karnofsky
6004:Marginal utility
5938:
5931:
5924:
5915:
5914:
5876:
5875:
5867:World portal
5865:
5864:
5826:Financial crisis
5655:Nibiru cataclysm
5633:Premillennialism
5477:Dhul-Suwayqatayn
5445:Son of perdition
5433:Olivet Discourse
5409:Whore of Babylon
5035:Biological agent
4982:Human extinction
4972:Extinction event
4960:
4959:
4931:Overexploitation
4861:Land consumption
4856:Land degradation
4723:
4722:
4585:Micro black hole
4493:Chemical warfare
4447:
4440:
4433:
4424:
4423:
4362:
4344:
4323:
4281:Lodewijk Woltjer
4233:, Cambridge, UK
4149:(2005 and 2011)
4122:
4088:Edward O. Wilson
4032:
4030:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3982:. Archived from
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3952:. Archived from
3942:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3885:. Archived from
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3847:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3688:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3578:gcrinstitute.org
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3498:. Archived from
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3447:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3388:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3340:on July 27, 2013
3339:
3333:. Archived from
3326:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3229:, August 9, 2010
3219:
3213:
3212:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3126:. Archived from
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3096:. Archived from
3086:
3080:
3079:
3053:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2982:on May 12, 2008.
2976:The Times Online
2967:
2961:
2960:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2894:
2888:
2883:Hanson, Robin. "
2881:
2875:
2874:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2836:Apocalypse when?
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2814:
2808:. Archived from
2776:(5): 1335–1344.
2767:
2758:
2749:
2748:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2651:
2611:
2602:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2573:
2567:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2393:
2385:Sandberg, Anders
2373:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2322:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2288:10.2307/20041818
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2211:
2194:(3): 2699–2719.
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2119:
2113:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2067:
2046:
2045:
2027:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1773:
1764:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1726:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1636:
1625:
1624:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1584:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1486:
1477:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1192:as suggested by
1088:who postulated "
868:Defense in depth
799:affect heuristic
779:cognitive biases
773:Cognitive biases
725:extinction event
701:experimentally.
407:existential risk
403:human extinction
379:
372:
365:
278:Systems analysis
263:Horizon scanning
236:Real-time Delphi
173:Population cycle
103:Cashless society
83:
69:
68:
46:Human extinction
21:
18:Existential risk
8722:
8721:
8717:
8716:
8715:
8713:
8712:
8711:
8677:
8676:
8675:
8670:
8617:
8542:
8534:
8533:Agreements and
8528:
8465:
8269:Climate finance
8237:
8164:
8120:Reclaimed water
8073:
8025:
7997:
7954:
7908:
7894:Family planning
7875:
7748:
7705:
7687:
7682:
7652:
7647:
7631:Problem solving
7587:
7540:Markov analysis
7400:Hazard analysis
7387:Risk assessment
7381:
7316:Diversification
7194:Countermeasures
7184:
7153:
6999:Technology risk
6925:
6923:Risk management
6920:
6890:
6885:
6871:
6810:
6766:Steve Omohundro
6746:Geoffrey Hinton
6736:Stephen Hawking
6721:Paul Christiano
6701:Scott Alexander
6689:
6660:Google DeepMind
6608:
6594:Suffering risks
6512:
6503:
6473:
6468:
6452:
6371:
6337:Land use reform
6280:
6196:Founders Pledge
6171:Evidence Action
6109:
6033:
5989:Earning to give
5947:
5942:
5912:
5907:
5886:Future problems
5859:
5850:
5784:
5753:
5720:Climate fiction
5686:
5561:2012 phenomenon
5544:
5450:Sheep and Goats
5337:2 Thessalonians
5215:
5132:Gamma-ray burst
5086:
5001:
4992:Genetic erosion
4947:
4917:
4908:Water pollution
4876:Ozone depletion
4772:Desertification
4712:
4627:
4562:Doomsday device
4542:Nuclear warfare
4481:
4456:
4451:
4409:Wayback Machine
4333:
4330:
4320:
4069:Donella Meadows
4036:Corey S. Powell
4005:
4003:Further reading
4000:
3999:
3989:
3987:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3959:
3957:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3906:
3902:
3892:
3890:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3858:
3856:Washington Post
3848:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3789:
3785:
3775:
3773:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3730:
3726:
3716:
3714:
3703:
3699:
3686:
3684:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3596:
3592:
3582:
3580:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3541:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3505:
3503:
3502:on June 2, 2015
3496:The Independent
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3462:
3458:
3445:
3443:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3406:
3402:
3386:10.1038/429591b
3357:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3324:
3318:
3314:
3299:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3273:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3245:
3241:
3232:
3230:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3172:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3147:
3143:
3133:
3131:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3051:
3045:
3041:
3031:
3029:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2991:
2987:
2968:
2964:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2895:
2891:
2882:
2878:
2871:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2765:
2759:
2752:
2742:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2706:Popular Science
2700:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2672:
2665:
2612:
2605:
2596:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2561:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2535:
2531:
2511:
2505:
2498:
2488:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2443:
2439:
2391:
2374:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2320:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2280:Foreign Affairs
2272:
2268:
2239:
2235:
2188:Natural Hazards
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2151:
2147:
2134:
2132:
2120:
2116:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2068:
2049:
2025:10.1.1.429.2849
2004:
2000:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1966:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1924:
1920:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1828:The Black Death
1824:
1820:
1813:
1799:
1795:
1771:
1765:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1638:
1637:
1628:
1604:
1600:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1538:
1534:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1428:Suffering risks
1351:Future of Earth
1315:
1308:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1169:Stephen Hawking
1136:Vitalik Buterin
1086:K. Eric Drexler
1070:
1058:
1031:Stephen Hawking
1029:Astrophysicist
1017:
1011:
994:
981:
928:
902:
865:
860:
815:theorizes that
775:
758:
716:
698:
682:underpopulation
672:as a result of
650:electrical grid
540:
534:
497:
473:
432:
419:
383:
311:Critical design
258:Future workshop
158:Kardashev scale
153:Kondratiev wave
73:Futures studies
59:asteroid impact
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8720:
8710:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8672:
8671:
8669:
8668:
8661:
8654:
8647:
8635:
8622:
8619:
8618:
8616:
8615:
8609:
8608:(Rio+20, 2012)
8603:
8597:
8592:
8586:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8564:
8559:
8551:
8546:
8538:
8536:
8530:
8529:
8527:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8475:
8473:
8467:
8466:
8464:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8362:
8361:
8356:
8354:Infrastructure
8351:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8284:Eco-capitalism
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8245:
8243:
8239:
8238:
8236:
8235:
8230:
8229:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8201:Sustainability
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8172:
8170:
8169:Accountability
8166:
8165:
8163:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8081:
8079:
8075:
8074:
8072:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8035:
8033:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8007:
8005:
7999:
7998:
7996:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7964:
7962:
7956:
7955:
7953:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7916:
7914:
7910:
7909:
7907:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7885:
7883:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7862:
7861:
7856:
7846:
7845:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7827:Sustainability
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7762:Anthropization
7758:
7756:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7715:
7713:
7707:
7706:
7704:
7703:
7698:
7692:
7689:
7688:
7685:Sustainability
7681:
7680:
7673:
7666:
7658:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7645:
7640:
7639:
7638:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7607:
7606:
7595:
7593:
7589:
7588:
7586:
7585:
7579:
7578:
7577:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7516:
7511:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7455:
7450:
7444:
7438:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7391:
7389:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7368:
7367:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7346:
7345:
7343:Warning system
7335:
7330:
7329:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7306:
7305:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7288:
7287:
7282:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7250:
7249:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7228:
7227:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7198:
7196:
7190:
7189:
7186:
7185:
7183:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7161:
7159:
7155:
7154:
7152:
7151:
7146:
7143:Strategic risk
7139:
7138:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7110:Liquidity risk
7107:
7099:Financial risk
7095:
7094:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7071:Execution risk
7061:
7060:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7039:
7034:
7033:
7032:
7027:
7013:
7012:
7011:
7006:
6996:
6995:
6994:
6992:Political risk
6984:
6983:
6982:
6972:
6971:
6970:
6965:
6955:
6954:
6953:
6945:Business risks
6940:
6938:
6931:
6927:
6926:
6919:
6918:
6911:
6904:
6896:
6887:
6886:
6876:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6864:
6857:
6850:
6843:
6836:
6831:
6824:
6818:
6816:
6812:
6811:
6809:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6697:
6695:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6616:
6614:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6589:Machine ethics
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6520:
6518:
6514:
6513:
6502:
6501:
6494:
6487:
6479:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6460:
6458:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6443:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6415:
6408:
6401:
6394:
6387:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6352:Mass deworming
6349:
6344:
6342:Life extension
6339:
6334:
6329:
6327:Global poverty
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6297:Climate change
6294:
6288:
6286:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6273:
6271:Unlimit Health
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6216:Good Food Fund
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6117:
6115:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6060:Hilary Greaves
6057:
6052:
6047:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6026:
6024:Utilitarianism
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5979:Disease burden
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5955:
5953:
5949:
5948:
5941:
5940:
5933:
5926:
5918:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5881:Apocalypticism
5870:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5792:
5790:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5761:
5759:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5749:
5739:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5725:Disaster films
5722:
5717:
5716:
5715:
5710:
5700:
5698:Alien invasion
5694:
5692:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5638:Amillennialism
5635:
5625:
5623:Millenarianism
5620:
5619:
5618:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5576:Apocalypticism
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5540:
5530:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5501:
5500:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5472:Dhu al-Qarnayn
5469:
5464:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5418:Great Apostasy
5415:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5356:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5344:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5307:
5297:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5275:
5265:
5263:Last Judgement
5260:
5259:
5258:
5253:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5225:
5223:
5221:Eschatological
5217:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5164:
5159:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5009:
5007:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4966:
4957:
4953:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4936:Overpopulation
4933:
4927:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4913:Water scarcity
4910:
4905:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4888:
4886:Sea level rise
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4849:on marine life
4846:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4804:Global warming
4801:
4796:
4794:Global dimming
4791:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4752:Cascade effect
4749:
4748:
4747:
4737:
4731:
4729:
4727:Climate change
4720:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4557:Doomsday Clock
4554:
4549:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4508:Cyberterrorism
4505:
4495:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4467:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4450:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4411:
4399:
4394:
4385:
4375:
4363:
4345:
4329:
4328:External links
4326:
4325:
4324:
4319:978-0275948023
4318:
4305:
4288:
4277:
4259:
4245:Marshall Brain
4242:
4223:Joseph Tainter
4220:
4206:John A. Leslie
4203:
4200:978-0385509657
4184:
4166:
4144:
4123:
4101:
4085:
4066:
4050:Derrick Jensen
4047:
4033:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3967:
3937:
3923:
3900:
3868:
3839:
3817:
3803:
3783:
3758:
3744:
3724:
3697:
3672:
3659:New York Times
3644:
3619:
3590:
3565:
3552:New York Times
3535:
3513:
3482:
3456:
3428:
3400:
3351:
3312:
3293:
3267:
3239:
3214:
3191:
3166:
3141:
3111:
3081:
3039:
3013:
2985:
2962:
2923:
2916:
2910:. p. 25.
2889:
2876:
2870:978-0998413105
2869:
2851:
2845:978-0387098364
2844:
2826:
2750:
2740:
2719:
2693:
2663:
2626:(3): 271–282.
2603:
2590:
2568:
2555:
2543:
2529:
2496:
2486:
2465:
2437:
2365:
2308:
2266:
2253:(2): 274–295.
2233:
2174:
2163:on May 4, 2012
2145:
2114:
2087:
2080:
2047:
2018:(3): 308–314.
1998:
1978:
1964:
1944:
1937:978-0195306477
1936:
1918:
1869:
1843:
1836:
1818:
1811:
1793:
1748:
1718:
1688:
1658:
1626:
1609:(March 2002).
1598:
1555:
1532:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1306:
1292:
1278:
1275:Science portal
1264:
1250:
1236:
1233:Society portal
1220:
1217:
1078:Doomsday Clock
1069:
1066:
1057:
1054:
1013:Main article:
1010:
1007:
993:
990:
980:
977:
927:
924:
901:
898:
891:
890:
884:
878:
864:
861:
859:
856:
844:Sociobiologist
774:
771:
757:
754:
715:
712:
697:
694:
642:cyberterrorism
610:nanotechnology
583:red giant star
571:climate change
536:Main article:
533:
530:
496:
493:
472:
469:
461:Richard Posner
453:Similarly, in
431:
428:
418:
415:
385:
384:
382:
381:
374:
367:
359:
356:
355:
354:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
316:Design fiction
313:
305:
304:
293:
292:
291:
290:
288:Trend analysis
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
239:
238:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
200:
199:
193:
192:
191:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
144:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
110:
105:
100:
92:
91:
85:
84:
76:
75:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8719:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8684:
8682:
8667:
8666:
8662:
8660:
8659:
8655:
8653:
8652:
8648:
8646:
8645:
8636:
8634:
8633:
8624:
8623:
8620:
8613:
8610:
8607:
8604:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8590:
8589:Earth Charter
8587:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8556:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8540:
8539:
8537:
8531:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8479:Environmental
8477:
8476:
8474:
8472:
8468:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8411:Refurbishment
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8401:Organizations
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8346:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8314:Green economy
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8299:Eco-socialism
8297:
8295:
8294:Eco-investing
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8279:Disinvestment
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8246:
8244:
8240:
8234:
8231:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8203:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8173:
8171:
8167:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8100:Marine energy
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8082:
8080:
8076:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8054:Cultured meat
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8036:
8034:
8032:
8028:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8004:
8000:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7965:
7963:
7961:
7957:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7917:
7915:
7911:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7886:
7884:
7882:
7878:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7851:
7850:
7847:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7829:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7812:Simple living
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7759:
7757:
7755:
7751:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7716:
7714:
7712:
7708:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7693:
7690:
7686:
7679:
7674:
7672:
7667:
7665:
7660:
7659:
7656:
7644:
7641:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7616:Risk appetite
7614:
7612:
7609:
7605:
7604:ISO/IEC 31010
7602:
7601:
7600:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7590:
7583:
7580:
7576:
7573:
7572:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7514:Decision tree
7512:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7448:
7445:
7442:
7439:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7425:Delphi method
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7415:Brainstorming
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7388:
7384:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7366:
7363:
7362:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7312:
7311:
7307:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7256:
7255:
7251:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7233:
7232:
7229:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7206:
7205:
7204:
7200:
7199:
7197:
7195:
7191:
7181:
7180:Vulnerability
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7162:
7160:
7156:
7150:
7149:Residual risk
7147:
7145:
7144:
7140:
7136:
7135:Systemic risk
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7102:
7101:
7100:
7096:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7068:
7067:
7066:
7062:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7044:
7043:
7042:Security risk
7040:
7038:
7037:Safety hazard
7035:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7022:
7021:
7020:External risk
7017:
7014:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7001:
7000:
6997:
6993:
6990:
6989:
6988:
6985:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6976:
6973:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6960:
6959:
6958:Personal risk
6956:
6952:
6949:
6948:
6947:
6946:
6942:
6941:
6939:
6935:
6932:
6928:
6924:
6917:
6912:
6910:
6905:
6903:
6898:
6897:
6894:
6884:
6874:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6862:
6858:
6856:
6855:
6851:
6849:
6848:
6847:The Precipice
6844:
6842:
6841:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6829:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6813:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6796:Frank Wilczek
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6741:Dan Hendrycks
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6711:Yoshua Bengio
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6696:
6692:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6613:Organizations
6611:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6500:
6495:
6493:
6488:
6486:
6481:
6480:
6477:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6455:
6449:
6448:
6444:
6442:
6441:
6437:
6435:
6434:
6433:The Precipice
6430:
6428:
6427:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6416:
6414:
6413:
6409:
6407:
6406:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6395:
6393:
6392:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6374:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6322:Global health
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6302:Cultured meat
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6283:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6226:Good Ventures
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6141:Animal Ethics
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6114:Organizations
6112:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6036:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5939:
5934:
5932:
5927:
5925:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5896:Risk analysis
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5863:
5857:
5856:
5853:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5841:Social crisis
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5787:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5758:Organizations
5756:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5683:
5682:World to come
5680:
5678:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5628:Millennialism
5626:
5624:
5621:
5617:
5616:Messianic Age
5614:
5613:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5601:Gog and Magog
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5591:Earth Changes
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5502:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5455:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5428:New Jerusalem
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5404:War in Heaven
5402:
5400:
5399:Two witnesses
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5268:Second Coming
5266:
5264:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5028:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5004:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4961:
4958:
4954:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4767:Deforestation
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4708:World War III
4706:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4624:
4623:Transhumanism
4621:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4486:Technological
4484:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4448:
4443:
4441:
4436:
4434:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4321:
4315:
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4303:9781526600219
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4275:0-465-06863-4
4272:
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4260:
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4257:9781454939962
4254:
4251:Union Square
4250:
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4239:9780521386739
4236:
4232:
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4217:0-415-14043-9
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4182:0-465-07010-8
4179:
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4164:
4163:9780241958681
4160:
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4156:Penguin Books
4154:
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4147:Jared Diamond
4145:
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4099:0-679-76811-4
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4082:0-87663-165-0
4079:
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4063:1-58322-730-X
4060:
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3924:9780810878587
3920:
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3821:
3806:
3804:9781461443483
3800:
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3768:
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3747:
3745:9780199677856
3741:
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3549:
3545:
3544:Ashlee, Vance
3539:
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3497:
3493:
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3471:
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3417:
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3415:New Statesman
3411:
3404:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3371:(6992): 591.
3370:
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3124:gcrpolicy.com
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2775:
2771:
2770:Risk Analysis
2764:
2757:
2755:
2747:
2743:
2741:9780316484893
2737:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2707:
2703:
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2668:
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2655:
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2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2620:Global Policy
2617:
2610:
2608:
2601:May 30, 1993)
2600:
2594:
2578:
2572:
2565:
2559:
2552:
2547:
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2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2396:Risk Analysis
2390:
2386:
2382:
2381:Bostrom, Nick
2378:
2372:
2370:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2331:(3): 541–54.
2330:
2326:
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2297:
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2158:
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2142:
2131:
2130:
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2112:
2111:9780198570509
2108:
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2100:
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2083:
2081:9780316484916
2077:
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2060:
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2054:
2052:
2043:
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2035:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1991:
1990:
1982:
1975:
1973:
1967:
1965:9780316484916
1961:
1957:
1956:
1948:
1939:
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1837:9780571287116
1833:
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1822:
1814:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:Global Policy
1770:
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1737:
1736:
1731:
1725:
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1707:
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1633:
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1612:
1608:
1607:Bostrom, Nick
1602:
1593:
1588:
1583:
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1574:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1541:Bostrom, Nick
1536:
1528:
1524:
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1516:
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1508:
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1496:
1492:
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1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1341:Fermi paradox
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1318:
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1307:
1304:
1293:
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1234:
1228:
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1216:
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1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1190:Good Ventures
1186:
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1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
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1141:
1137:
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1101:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:Organizations
1065:
1063:
1062:Steven Pinker
1060:Psychologist
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1006:
1002:
999:
996:In 2018, the
989:
986:
983:Insufficient
976:
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962:
957:
955:
951:
947:
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939:
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933:
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917:
913:
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894:
888:
885:
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879:
876:
873:
872:
871:
869:
855:
852:
848:
845:
841:
839:
835:
834:survivor bias
831:
825:
820:
818:
817:scope neglect
814:
810:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
770:
767:
763:
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751:
747:
742:
738:
733:
731:
726:
722:
711:
709:
704:
693:
691:
687:
686:crop failures
683:
679:
675:
674:non-equitable
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
606:biotechnology
603:
594:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
549:
548:supervolcanic
545:
539:
529:
526:
525:
520:
519:George Orwell
516:
512:
509:
508:unrecoverable
505:
502:
501:unrecoverable
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
468:
466:
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451:
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314:
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309:
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283:Threatcasting
281:
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266:
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261:
259:
256:
254:
253:Futures wheel
251:
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219:
217:
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188:Swanson's law
186:
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55:
51:
47:
40:
33:
19:
8663:
8656:
8649:
8642:
8630:
8554:
8319:Construction
8242:Applications
7960:Biodiversity
7719:Anthropocene
7308:
7260:Supply chain
7252:
7230:
7201:
7141:
7097:
7086:Country risk
7063:
7041:
7029:
7025:Extreme risk
6975:Natural risk
6957:
6943:
6859:
6852:
6845:
6838:
6826:
6786:Jaan Tallinn
6726:Eric Drexler
6716:Nick Bostrom
6529:AI alignment
6445:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6417:
6410:
6403:
6396:
6389:
6382:
6316:
6201:GiveDirectly
6121:80,000 Hours
6095:Peter Singer
6090:Derek Parfit
6080:Yew-Kwang Ng
6055:Nick Bostrom
5858:
5801:Cyberwarfare
5595:
5519:Third Temple
5374:Lake of fire
5184:Rogue planet
5152:Impact event
5142:Proton decay
5095:Astronomical
5045:Bioterrorism
4891:Supervolcano
4789:Flood basalt
4735:Anoxic event
4644:Collapsology
4632:Sociological
4503:Cyberwarfare
4453:
4382:The Guardian
4381:
4371:The Guardian
4369:
4356:
4338:
4309:
4284:
4265:
4248:
4226:
4209:
4190:
4187:Joel Garreau
4173:
4150:
4127:
4118:
4112:
4091:
4072:
4053:
4042:
4018:
4014:
3988:. Retrieved
3984:the original
3970:
3958:. Retrieved
3954:the original
3940:
3928:. Retrieved
3913:
3903:
3891:. Retrieved
3887:the original
3880:
3871:
3859:. Retrieved
3855:
3830:. Retrieved
3820:
3808:. Retrieved
3793:
3786:
3774:. Retrieved
3770:
3761:
3749:. Retrieved
3734:
3727:
3715:. Retrieved
3711:the original
3700:
3692:
3685:. Retrieved
3675:
3663:. Retrieved
3657:
3647:
3635:. Retrieved
3631:
3622:
3610:. Retrieved
3605:The Atlantic
3603:
3593:
3581:. Retrieved
3577:
3568:
3556:. Retrieved
3550:
3538:
3526:. Retrieved
3516:
3504:. Retrieved
3500:the original
3495:
3485:
3473:. Retrieved
3469:
3459:
3451:
3444:. Retrieved
3431:
3419:. Retrieved
3413:
3403:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3342:. Retrieved
3335:the original
3328:
3315:
3306:
3296:
3284:. Retrieved
3280:
3270:
3258:. Retrieved
3252:
3242:
3231:, retrieved
3226:
3217:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3182:. Retrieved
3175:Club of Rome
3169:
3157:. Retrieved
3150:Club of Rome
3144:
3132:. Retrieved
3128:the original
3123:
3114:
3102:. Retrieved
3098:the original
3093:
3084:
3059:
3055:
3042:
3030:. Retrieved
3025:
3016:
3004:. Retrieved
3000:The Guardian
2998:
2988:
2980:the original
2975:
2965:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2902:
2898:Smil, Vaclav
2892:
2879:
2860:
2854:
2835:
2829:
2817:. Retrieved
2810:the original
2773:
2769:
2745:
2731:
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2705:
2696:
2684:. Retrieved
2679:
2623:
2619:
2598:
2593:
2581:. Retrieved
2571:
2558:
2551:Bostrom 2013
2546:
2538:
2532:
2515:
2491:
2477:
2468:
2456:. Retrieved
2450:
2440:
2399:
2395:
2356:. Retrieved
2328:
2324:
2311:
2299:. Retrieved
2279:
2269:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2165:. Retrieved
2161:the original
2155:
2148:
2140:
2135:November 21,
2133:. Retrieved
2127:
2117:
2102:
2071:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1988:
1981:
1972:Nick Bostrom
1969:
1953:
1947:
1927:
1921:
1889:(1): 15–22.
1886:
1882:
1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1856:
1846:
1827:
1821:
1802:
1796:
1779:
1775:
1739:. Retrieved
1733:
1709:. Retrieved
1703:
1679:. Retrieved
1673:
1649:. Retrieved
1643:
1620:
1614:
1601:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1545:
1535:
1494:
1488:
1475:
1442:
1410:
1381:Impact event
1371:Great Filter
1336:Extreme risk
1289:World portal
1198:
1177:Paul Ehrlich
1156:Nick Bostrom
1149:
1140:Jaan Tallinn
1097:
1094:
1071:
1059:
1040:Billionaire
1039:
1028:
1018:
1003:
998:Club of Rome
995:
982:
969:
958:
950:survivalists
942:malnutrition
938:Food storage
936:
932:Robin Hanson
929:
916:dung beetles
912:snowboarding
905:
903:
895:
892:
886:
880:
874:
866:
847:E. O. Wilson
842:
830:Nick Bostrom
827:
822:
811:
807:
776:
765:
759:
741:Roman Empire
734:
717:
699:
658:cobalt bombs
638:cyberwarfare
630:bioterrorism
599:
553:, a natural
544:impact event
541:
522:
515:Bryan Caplan
510:
507:
503:
500:
498:
488:
484:
480:
476:
474:
465:cost–benefit
454:
452:
447:
436:
433:
411:
406:
394:
390:
388:
248:Future-proof
107:
50:
8707:Survivalism
8535:conferences
8406:Procurement
8349:Development
8249:Advertising
8211:Measurement
8145:Tidal power
8140:Small hydro
8105:Micro hydro
7968:Biosecurity
7920:Appropriate
7849:Sustainable
7832:Advertising
7754:Consumption
7744:Development
7626:Rare events
7565:Risk Matrix
7175:Uncertainty
7158:Risk source
7130:Profit risk
7125:Market risk
7105:Credit risk
6963:Health risk
6791:Max Tegmark
6776:Martin Rees
6584:Longtermism
6544:AI takeover
6285:Focus areas
6176:Faunalytics
6038:Key figures
5999:Longtermism
5877:Categories
5846:Survivalism
5533:Zoroastrian
5389:Seven seals
5384:Seven bowls
5310:Historicism
5206:Solar flare
5082:Overfishing
5057:Defaunation
4844:coral reefs
4606:AI takeover
4525:Nanoweapons
4513:Cybergeddon
4498:Cyberattack
4262:Martin Rees
3717:January 30,
3233:January 23,
3227:physorg.com
1782:(1): 15–3.
1640:"About FHI"
1592:11336/71342
1433:Survivalism
1406:Rare events
1108:Jed McCaleb
1104:Peter Thiel
746:Black Death
644:destroying
439:Black Death
302:forecasting
296:Technology
206:Backcasting
183:Singularity
163:Moore's law
121:Mathematics
8681:Categories
8426:Sanitation
8381:Livelihood
8304:Ecovillage
8289:Eco-cities
8206:Accounting
8115:Pico hydro
8095:Hydropower
7913:Technology
7711:Principles
7621:Hazard map
7560:Risk index
7091:Legal risk
7076:Model risk
7016:Macro risk
6756:Shane Legg
6731:Sam Harris
6706:Sam Altman
6645:EleutherAI
6376:Literature
6050:Liv Boeree
5806:Depression
5796:Ransomware
5611:Messianism
5581:Armageddon
5566:Apocalypse
5354:Antichrist
5342:Man of sin
5239:Three Ages
5102:Big Crunch
4964:Extinction
4956:Biological
4718:Ecological
4590:Strangelet
4141:0865717044
3909:Kelley Lee
3681:"About Us"
3184:August 17,
3159:August 17,
3134:August 11,
3104:August 15,
2943:: 102798.
2838:. Praxis.
2518:: 91–119.
2458:August 12,
2358:August 26,
2167:August 12,
1681:August 12,
1670:"About us"
1651:August 12,
1569:BioScience
1467:References
887:Resilience
875:Prevention
836:and other
801:, and the
708:black swan
703:Carl Sagan
688:, and non-
618:global war
573:, hostile
489:permanent,
331:Hype cycle
298:assessment
197:Techniques
8519:Recycling
8514:Planetary
8504:Materials
8499:Landscape
8484:Fisheries
8451:Transport
8376:Landscape
8359:Marketing
8334:Gardening
8274:Community
8221:Reporting
8085:Footprint
7973:Biosphere
7599:ISO 31000
7481:(FMEA) /
7430:Checklist
7355:Insurance
7326:Risk pool
6937:Risk type
6771:Huw Price
6761:Elon Musk
6665:Humanity+
6539:AI safety
6100:Cari Tuna
5691:Fictional
5538:Saoshyant
5423:New Earth
5394:The Beast
5327:Preterism
5300:Christian
5256:Kali Yuga
5201:Micronova
5196:Hypernova
5062:Dysgenics
4903:Verneshot
4809:Hypercane
4552:Dead Hand
4105:Holt, Jim
4021:: 20–26.
3861:March 12,
3637:April 30,
3612:April 30,
3583:March 22,
3528:April 26,
3254:Space.com
3076:153917693
3062:: 57–68.
3032:March 23,
2908:MIT Press
2712:April 20,
2686:April 20,
2640:1758-5899
2474:Ord, Toby
2301:August 4,
2020:CiteSeerX
1862:August 3,
1438:Tail risk
1164:Huw Price
1132:Elon Musk
1116:Seth Baum
1042:Elon Musk
972:biosphere
907:Star Trek
777:Numerous
730:anthropic
648:like the
577:, or the
521:'s novel
483:but also
243:Foresight
8632:Category
8431:Sourcing
8366:Greening
8259:Business
8135:Security
8130:Scarcity
7636:Security
7555:FN curve
7170:Conflict
7057:Accident
6883:Category
6751:Bill Joy
6517:Concepts
6206:GiveWell
6085:Toby Ord
5952:Concepts
5831:Pandemic
5816:Epidemic
5811:Droughts
5665:Prewrath
5596:End time
5462:Al-Qa'im
5347:Katechon
5332:2 Esdras
5322:Idealism
5305:Futurism
5234:Maitreya
5229:Buddhist
5072:Pandemic
4520:Gray goo
4418:TED talk
4405:Archived
4291:Toby Ord
3911:(2013).
3395:15190320
3281:BBC News
3177:(2019).
3152:(2018).
3006:June 30,
2900:(2003).
2806:14265396
2798:18076500
2730:(2020).
2728:Toby Ord
2658:32427180
2476:(2020).
2424:20626690
2387:(2010).
2353:30387504
2345:24891130
2296:20041818
2228:36245947
2042:15860897
2012:Utilitas
1913:16494711
1543:(2008).
1519:20203042
1219:See also
1090:grey goo
881:Response
555:pandemic
551:eruption
511:dystopia
504:collapse
485:terminal
168:Peak oil
141:Universe
89:Concepts
8665:Degrees
8658:Studies
8651:Science
8446:Tourism
8339:Geopark
8329:Finance
8324:Fashion
7899:Control
7787:Ethical
7696:Outline
7460:(SWIFT)
7449:(HACCP)
7443:(HAZOP)
7270:Quality
7265:Project
7004:IT risk
5891:Hazards
5789:General
5660:Rapture
5509:Messiah
5497:Sufyani
5487:Israfil
5457:Islamic
5295:Messiah
5273:1 Enoch
5107:Big Rip
4819:Ecocide
4814:Ice age
4390:by the
4293:(2020)
4283:(2008)
4264:(2004)
4247:(2020)
4225:(1990)
4208:(1996)
4189:(2005)
4171:(2003)
4090:(2003)
4071:(1972)
4055:Endgame
4052:(2006)
4038:(2000)
4015:Futures
3990:June 5,
3960:June 5,
3930:June 5,
3893:June 5,
3832:June 5,
3810:June 5,
3776:June 5,
3751:June 5,
3687:May 17,
3665:June 5,
3558:June 5,
3506:June 5,
3475:June 5,
3446:June 5,
3421:June 5,
3373:Bibcode
3344:June 5,
3286:July 1,
3260:July 1,
3211:: 1–39.
3056:Futures
3026:Science
2945:Bibcode
2819:May 16,
2778:Bibcode
2680:Science
2649:7228299
2583:July 1,
2520:Bibcode
2432:6485564
2404:Bibcode
2219:9553633
2196:Bibcode
1904:3291398
1741:June 5,
1527:2659741
1499:Bibcode
1490:Science
1209:prevent
1145:s-risks
900:Funding
565:from a
131:Climate
112:Future
8614:(2015)
8591:(2000)
8585:(1997)
8569:(1992)
8557:(1987)
8489:Forest
8391:Market
8386:Living
8003:Energy
7859:Market
7584:(MCDA)
7510:(LOPA)
7165:Hazard
7052:Threat
6694:People
6685:OpenAI
6457:Events
5821:Famine
5747:Zombie
5549:Others
5504:Jewish
5482:Dajjal
5364:Events
5278:Daniel
5179:winter
5006:Others
4896:winter
4696:winter
4691:famine
4686:cobalt
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1046:SpaceX
965:Arctic
952:stock
797:, the
793:, the
670:famine
632:using
608:, and
481:global
231:Delphi
8644:Lists
8524:Waste
8436:Space
8344:Green
8078:Water
7837:Brand
7701:Index
7521:(HRA)
7483:FMECA
7437:(PHA)
7321:Hedge
6815:Other
6508:from
5836:Riots
5528:Norse
5492:Mahdi
5251:Kalki
5246:Hindu
4576:(EMP)
4368:from
3950:USAID
3338:(PDF)
3325:(PDF)
3072:S2CID
3052:(PDF)
2813:(PDF)
2802:S2CID
2766:(PDF)
2512:(PDF)
2428:S2CID
2392:(PDF)
2349:S2CID
2321:(PDF)
2292:JSTOR
2038:S2CID
1993:(PDF)
1772:(PDF)
1550:(PDF)
1523:S2CID
1485:(PDF)
914:, or
851:genus
652:, or
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116:Earth
8264:City
8031:Food
7611:COSO
4416:, a
4314:ISBN
4299:ISBN
4271:ISBN
4253:ISBN
4235:ISBN
4213:ISBN
4196:ISBN
4178:ISBN
4159:ISBN
4137:ISBN
4095:ISBN
4078:ISBN
4059:ISBN
3992:2015
3962:2015
3932:2015
3919:ISBN
3895:2015
3863:2019
3834:2015
3812:2015
3799:ISBN
3778:2015
3753:2015
3740:ISBN
3719:2012
3689:2020
3667:2015
3639:2016
3614:2016
3585:2022
3560:2015
3530:2013
3508:2015
3477:2015
3448:2015
3423:2015
3391:PMID
3346:2015
3330:Omni
3307:CNBC
3288:2016
3262:2016
3235:2012
3186:2020
3161:2020
3136:2019
3106:2017
3034:2018
3008:2017
2912:ISBN
2865:ISBN
2840:ISBN
2821:2015
2794:PMID
2736:ISBN
2714:2020
2688:2020
2654:PMID
2636:ISSN
2585:2016
2482:ISBN
2460:2021
2420:PMID
2360:2018
2341:PMID
2303:2020
2224:PMID
2169:2021
2137:2021
2107:ISBN
2076:ISBN
1960:ISBN
1932:ISBN
1909:PMID
1864:2020
1832:ISBN
1807:ISBN
1743:2015
1713:2014
1683:2021
1653:2021
1515:PMID
1138:and
1106:and
1072:The
1050:Mars
959:The
640:and
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