749:
686:
653:
719:
620:
986:
586:
930:
963:
161:
900:
867:
769:
555:
121:
331:
fishes. Lungs have been retained in dipnoi (lungfish), and many tetrapods (birds, mammals, reptiles, and some amphibians). In many ray-finned fishes, lungs have evolved into swim bladders for regulating buoyancy, while in others they continue to be used as respiratory gas bladders.
1555:
Hughes, L.C., Ortí, G., Huang, Y., Sun, Y., Baldwin, C.C., Thompson, A.W., Arcila, D., Betancur-R, R., Li, C., Becker, L. and
Bellora, N. (2018) "Comprehensive phylogeny of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) based on transcriptomic and genomic data".
748:
1530:
Betancur-R, R., Wiley, E.O., Arratia, G., Acero, A., Bailly, N., Miya, M., Lecointre, G. and Orti, G. (2017) "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes".
2202:
2250:
652:
685:
356:
evolved from lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii). Until recently, the view of most ichthyologists has been that
Osteichthyes were
1464:
1298:
1268:
1241:
1151:"The Silurian-Devonian boundary in East Yunnan (South China) and the minimum constraint for the lungfish-tetrapod split"
2245:
1612:
364:
that treat the
Osteichthyes as a clade including tetrapods, making the terms Euteleostomi and Osteichthyes synonymous.
1207:
2207:
277:
that includes more than 90% of the living species of vertebrates. Both its major subgroups are successful today:
323:. Many of these characters have since been lost by descendant groups, however, such as lepidotrichs lost in
2235:
360:
and include only bony fishes. However, since 2013 widely cited ichthyology papers have been published with
1498:
160:
1442:
718:
2157:
1605:
1258:
2230:
1288:
128:
Individual organisms from each major
Euteleostomi group. Clockwise, starting from top left:
2189:
1162:
619:
320:
8:
2240:
1447:
142:
134:
1166:
985:
585:
1508:
1481:
1413:
1380:
1358:
1178:
361:
155:
138:
1381:"Using Genetic Networks and Homology to Understand the Evolution of Phenotypic Traits"
2194:
1598:
1513:
1460:
1418:
1400:
1350:
1342:
1294:
1264:
1237:
1203:
1182:
1150:
1121:
470:
441:
1362:
1565:
1539:
1503:
1493:
1452:
1408:
1392:
1334:
1170:
981:
895:
1325:(2013). "Homology of lungs and gas bladders: Insights from arterial vasculature".
2014:
1768:
1734:
1661:
1231:
1197:
929:
862:
492:
420:
130:
962:
2180:
1883:
1855:
1762:
1396:
1071:
846:
460:
391:
278:
232:
1543:
1174:
2224:
2126:
2031:
1894:
1838:
1585:
1404:
1346:
698:
534:
486:
449:
429:
377:
304:
289:
262:
237:
146:
78:
1569:
899:
866:
768:
2006:
1961:
1810:
1647:
1517:
1422:
1354:
1125:
1097:
1063:
1040:
952:
675:
615:
550:
480:
381:
357:
345:
312:
300:
282:
36:
1590:
1456:
1923:
1823:
1284:
1084:
912:
889:
879:
731:
567:
454:
408:
403:
398:
341:
328:
316:
53:
20:
2119:
2058:
1911:
1796:
1750:
1684:
1376:
1338:
1322:
1124:
the name (literally meaning "bony fish") traditionally referred to the
975:
958:
708:
665:
544:
436:
270:
253:
205:
98:
63:
1100:" in the sense of "bony vertebrates" is synonymous with Euteleostomi.
2050:
1740:
1714:
1641:
1290:
Gaining Ground, Second
Edition: The Origin and Evolution of Tetrapods
925:
856:
764:
642:
599:
554:
513:
509:
497:
415:
349:
285:
172:
103:
47:
2151:
2174:
2020:
1948:
1936:
1698:
1669:
1622:
1067:
942:
681:
609:
353:
324:
293:
192:
93:
88:
73:
68:
58:
40:
2133:
1972:
1818:
632:
373:
308:
108:
83:
1962:
Lissamphibia (modern amphibians: frogs, salamanders, caecilians)
1451:(5th ed.). Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons. pp. 96, 101.
1441:
Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016).
2039:
1996:
1985:
1635:
714:
648:
580:
465:
182:
120:
274:
1856:
Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish: sharks, rays, chimaeras)
2064:
744:
384:
1482:"The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes"
1369:
1149:
Zhao, W.; Zhang, X.; Jia, G.; Shen, Y.; Zhu, M. (2021).
1257:
Cracraft, Joel; Donoghue, Michael J. (25 April 2019).
1499:
10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288
1250:
1479:
1066:alternative that unambiguously includes the living
372:Euteleostomi (Osteichthyes) contains the following
1440:
1375:
1320:
2222:
1256:
1148:
335:
1558:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1314:
1660:
1606:
1189:
1809:
1620:
1293:. Indiana University Press. pp. 21–4.
2049:
1613:
1599:
1223:
119:
1507:
1497:
1480:Betancur-R, Ricardo; et al. (2013).
1412:
1473:
1277:
1202:. Oxford University Press. p. 215.
344:the difference between Euteleostomi and
1741:Thaliacea (pyrosomes, salps, doliolids)
1436:
1434:
1432:
1142:
1083:The clade can be defined as the living
516:of extant Euteleostomi (Osteichthyes).
2223:
1229:
1195:
1128:group with the exclusion of tetrapods.
1062:The name Euteleostomi was coined as a
2156:
2155:
1594:
1283:
1236:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 86.
822:(four‑limbed vertebrates)
143:black-and-rufous giant elephant shrew
1429:
299:Euteleostomes originally all had an
13:
14:
2262:
2251:Extant Silurian first appearances
1586:Gnathostomata at the Tree of Life
1579:
367:
1884:Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish)
984:
961:
928:
898:
865:
767:
747:
717:
684:
651:
618:
584:
553:
352:view, i.e. that the terrestrial
315:, and dentary bones composed of
159:
51:
16:Clade including most vertebrates
1549:
1524:
1263:. Academic Press. p. 396.
1199:Evolution's Clinical Guidebook
1196:Berman, Jules (25 June 2004).
1114:
1090:
1077:
1056:
841:(lobe‑finned fish)
348:is that the former presents a
1:
1379:; C. Schimenti, John (2012).
1135:
1030:(ray‑finned fish)
336:Euteleostomi vs. Osteichthyes
1321:Longo, Sarah; Riccio, Mark;
1155:Science China Earth Sciences
503:
7:
1715:Appendicularia (larvaceans)
1260:Assembling the Tree of Life
10:
2267:
2142:denote paraphyletic groups
2021:Squamata (scaled reptiles)
1486:PLOS Currents Tree of Life
1397:10.2174/138920212799034785
514:evolutionary relationships
327:, and bone lost among the
307:(fin rays), jaws lined by
18:
2246:Pridoli first appearances
2164:
2113:
2059:Crocodilia (crocodilians)
2030:
2015:Rhynchocephalia (tuatara)
2005:
1994:
1981:
1970:
1957:
1946:
1932:
1921:
1907:
1892:
1879:
1864:
1851:
1836:
1805:
1794:
1758:
1749:
1730:
1723:
1710:
1697:
1693:
1682:
1656:
1630:
1544:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3
1175:10.1007/s11430-020-9794-8
979:
956:
946:
923:
916:
893:
883:
860:
850:
762:
742:
735:
712:
702:
679:
669:
646:
636:
613:
603:
578:
571:
548:
538:
528:
229:
224:
156:Scientific classification
154:
127:
118:
30:
2120:Ascidiacea (sea squirts)
1912:Actinistia (coelacanths)
1532:BMC evolutionary biology
1049:
19:Not to be confused with
1670:Leptocardii (lancelets)
1570:10.1073/pnas.1719358115
1230:Nelson, Joseph (2007).
1824:Hyperoartia (lampreys)
1070:and is widely used in
269:, also known as "bony
1457:10.1002/9781119174844
1327:Journal of Morphology
2040:Testudines (turtles)
2236:Vertebrate taxonomy
2134:Reptilia (reptiles)
1842:(jawed vertebrates)
1448:Fishes of the World
1233:Fishes of the World
1167:2021ScChD..64.1784Z
273:") is a successful
265:εὖ 'well, good' or
135:saltwater crocodile
1986:Mammalia (mammals)
1898:(lobe-finned fish)
1870:(bony vertebrates)
1339:10.1002/jmor.20128
1285:Clack, Jennifer A.
362:phylogenetic trees
139:southern cassowary
2218:
2217:
2158:Taxon identifiers
2149:
2148:
2131:³orders of class
2117:¹orders of class
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
1937:Dipnoi (lungfish)
1832:
1831:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1678:
1677:
1564:(24): 6249–6254.
1466:978-1-118-34233-6
1300:978-0-253-00537-3
1270:978-0-19-972960-9
1243:978-0-471-75644-6
1161:(10): 1784–1797.
1122:Linnaean taxonomy
1046:
1045:
1034:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1006:
1005:
997:
996:
835:
834:
826:
825:
816:
815:
807:
806:
798:
797:
789:
788:
780:
779:
471:Ceratodontimorpha
442:Coelacanthiformes
245:
244:
2258:
2211:
2210:
2198:
2197:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2153:
2152:
2047:
2046:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1819:Myxini (hagfish)
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1756:
1755:
1728:
1727:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1658:
1657:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1573:
1553:
1547:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1511:
1501:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1438:
1427:
1426:
1416:
1385:Current Genomics
1373:
1367:
1366:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1287:(27 June 2012).
1281:
1275:
1274:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1146:
1129:
1118:
1101:
1094:
1088:
1081:
1075:
1060:
988:
982:Lepisosteiformes
965:
949:
948:
932:
919:
918:
902:
896:Acipenseriformes
886:
885:
869:
853:
852:
771:
751:
738:
737:
721:
705:
704:
688:
672:
671:
655:
639:
638:
622:
606:
605:
589:
588:
574:
573:
557:
541:
540:
531:
530:
520:
519:
303:bone, fins with
164:
163:
123:
113:
50:
34:Temporal range:
28:
27:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2206:
2201:
2193:
2188:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2160:
2150:
2145:
2125:²subclasses of
2069:
2045:
2026:
1995:
1990:
1971:
1966:
1947:
1942:
1922:
1917:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1860:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1828:
1795:
1774:
1769:Aplousobranchia
1745:
1735:Stolidobranchia
1719:
1701:
1700:
1683:
1674:
1662:Cephalochordata
1652:
1626:
1619:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1554:
1550:
1529:
1525:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1439:
1430:
1374:
1370:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1194:
1190:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1119:
1115:
1105:
1104:
1095:
1091:
1082:
1078:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1035:
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
863:Polypteriformes
836:
827:
817:
808:
799:
790:
781:
583:
506:
493:Elpistostegalia
421:Polypteriformes
370:
338:
158:
149:(Osteichthyes)
131:Fire salamander
114:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
45:
44:
35:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2264:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2199:
2186:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2129:
2123:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2011:
2009:
2000:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1933:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1908:
1902:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1834:
1833:
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1829:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1766:
1763:Phlebobranchia
1759:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1688:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1654:
1653:
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1650:
1644:
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1628:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1580:External links
1578:
1575:
1574:
1548:
1523:
1472:
1465:
1428:
1377:McCune, Amy R.
1368:
1333:(6): 687–703.
1313:
1299:
1276:
1269:
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1242:
1222:
1208:
1188:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1112:
1111:
1103:
1102:
1089:
1076:
1072:bioinformatics
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909:
908:
905:
904:
892:
884:
882:
876:
875:
872:
871:
859:
851:
849:
847:Actinopterygii
843:
842:
838:
837:
833:
832:
829:
828:
824:
823:
819:
818:
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813:
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591:
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572:
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563:
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559:
547:
539:
537:
529:
527:
518:
508:The following
505:
502:
501:
500:
495:
489:
483:
477:
476:
475:
474:
473:
463:
461:Porolepimorpha
452:
446:
445:
444:
426:
425:
424:
423:
413:
412:
411:
406:
392:Actinopterygii
369:
368:Classification
366:
337:
334:
281:includes most
279:Actinopterygii
243:
242:
241:
240:
235:
233:Actinopterygii
227:
226:
222:
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216:
209:
208:
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196:
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186:
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125:
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82:
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72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2263:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2127:Sarcopterygii
2124:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2032:Archelosauria
2029:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1895:Sarcopterygii
1891:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1839:Gnathostomata
1835:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1770:
1767:
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1726:
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1709:
1706:
1704:
1702:(Urochordata)
1696:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1671:
1668:
1667:
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1659:
1655:
1649:
1648:Deuterostomia
1645:
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1492:(Edition 1).
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1323:McCune, Amy R
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699:Archelosauria
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535:Sarcopterygii
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487:Osteolepidida
484:
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450:Onychodontida
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292:includes the
291:
290:Sarcopterygii
288:species, and
287:
284:
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272:
268:
267:Euteleostomes
264:
260:
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239:
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147:ocean sunfish
144:
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126:
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110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
49:
42:
38:
37:Late Silurian
31:Euteleostomes
29:
26:
22:
2231:Euteleostomi
2195:Euteleostomi
2166:Euteleostomi
2165:
2139:
2132:
2118:
2065:Aves (birds)
2007:Lepidosauria
1867:Euteleostomi
1866:
1811:Cyclostomata
1646:Superphylum
1561:
1557:
1551:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1446:
1443:"Teleostomi"
1391:(1): 74–84.
1388:
1384:
1371:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1289:
1279:
1259:
1252:
1232:
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1198:
1191:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1126:paraphyletic
1116:
1107:
1106:
1098:Osteichthyes
1092:
1079:
1064:monophyletic
1058:
1041:Osteichthyes
980:
957:
953:Halecomorphi
924:
894:
861:
763:
743:
713:
680:
676:Lepidosauria
647:
616:Lissamphibia
614:
579:
549:
524:Euteleostomi
523:
507:
481:Rhizodontida
428:
427:
390:
389:
371:
358:paraphyletic
346:Osteichthyes
339:
329:chondrostean
313:premaxillary
305:lepidotrichs
301:endochondral
298:
266:
258:
251:
248:Euteleostomi
247:
246:
219:Euteleostomi
218:
212:
199:
145:(Mammalia),
137:(Reptilia),
133:(Amphibia),
129:
25:
2051:Archosauria
1924:Rhipidistia
1640:(unranked)
1085:teleostomes
913:Neopterygii
890:Chondrostei
880:Actinopteri
732:Archosauria
568:Rhipidistia
551:Coelacanths
455:Dipnomorpha
409:Neopterygii
404:Chondrostei
399:Actinopteri
342:ichthyology
317:dermal bone
271:vertebrates
261:comes from
46:425–0
21:Euteleostei
2241:Teleostomi
2225:Categories
1797:Vertebrata
1751:Enterogona
1685:Olfactores
1538:(1): 162.
1136:References
976:Ginglymodi
959:Amiiformes
765:Crocodiles
709:Testudines
666:Sauropsida
545:Actinistia
512:shows the
437:Actinistia
254:teleostomi
225:Subgroups
206:Teleostomi
1949:Tetrapoda
1642:Bilateria
1405:1389-2029
1347:0362-2525
1183:236438229
1068:tetrapods
926:Teleostei
857:Cladistia
682:Squamates
643:Synapsida
600:Tetrapoda
510:cladogram
504:Phylogeny
498:Tetrapoda
416:Cladistia
354:tetrapods
350:cladistic
325:tetrapods
309:maxillary
294:tetrapods
286:bony fish
179:Kingdom:
173:Eukaryota
2181:Q1378800
2175:Wikidata
1699:Tunicata
1636:Animalia
1634:Kingdom
1623:chordate
1518:23653398
1423:22942677
1363:29995935
1355:23378277
1108:Subnotes
943:Holostei
610:Amphibia
581:Lungfish
257:, where
193:Chordata
189:Phylum:
183:Animalia
169:Domain:
141:(Aves),
2140:italics
1973:Amniota
1625:classes
1621:Extant
1509:3644299
1414:3269019
1163:Bibcode
715:Turtles
649:Mammals
633:Amniota
374:extinct
41:Present
2208:117571
1997:Sauria
1516:
1506:
1463:
1421:
1411:
1403:
1361:
1353:
1345:
1306:12 May
1297:
1267:
1240:
1215:14 May
1206:
1181:
466:Dipnoi
382:extant
380:) and
319:, and
283:extant
1724:Acopa
1359:S2CID
1179:S2CID
1050:Notes
745:Birds
321:lungs
275:clade
263:Greek
213:Clade
200:Clade
2203:NCBI
1514:PMID
1461:ISBN
1419:PMID
1401:ISSN
1351:PMID
1343:ISSN
1308:2015
1295:ISBN
1265:ISBN
1238:ISBN
1217:2015
1204:ISBN
385:taxa
54:PreꞒ
2190:ADW
1566:doi
1562:115
1540:doi
1504:PMC
1494:doi
1453:doi
1409:PMC
1393:doi
1335:doi
1331:274
1171:doi
1120:In
340:In
259:Eu-
252:Eu-
2227::
2205::
2192::
2177::
1560:,
1536:17
1534:,
1512:.
1502:.
1488:.
1484:.
1459:.
1445:.
1431:^
1417:.
1407:.
1399:.
1389:13
1387:.
1383:.
1357:.
1349:.
1341:.
1329:.
1177:.
1169:.
1159:64
1157:.
1153:.
526:/
387::
311:,
296:.
215::
202::
104:Pg
48:Ma
43:,
2061:³
2042:³
2023:³
2017:³
1939:²
1914:²
1771:¹
1765:¹
1737:¹
1614:e
1607:t
1600:v
1572:.
1568::
1546:.
1542::
1520:.
1496::
1490:5
1469:.
1455::
1425:.
1395::
1365:.
1337::
1310:.
1273:.
1246:.
1219:.
1185:.
1173::
1165::
1096:"
1087:.
1074:.
491:†
485:†
479:†
459:†
448:†
378:†
376:(
250:(
109:N
99:K
94:J
89:T
84:P
79:C
74:D
69:S
64:O
59:Ꞓ
39:–
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
