Basque Country (greater region)

2204:. In southern and some central areas this policy has resulted in schoolchildren having to travel sometimes for hours every day in order to attend education provided in the historic language of Navarre, largely relying on public subscription (yearly festival Nafarroa Oinez, solidarity from the ikastola network, donations, etc.) or receiving as a result no allowances for school meals. Even in northern Basque or mixed language areas, allegations raised by Basque speaker associations point regularly to a conspicuous disregard for recognised language rights, e.g. virtual non-existence of Basque language medical assistance across areas where the vast majority is Basque speaking, insufficient Basque speaking librarians, no broadcasting permission in the last 20 years (as of 2013) for the only Basque language radio in Pamplona, Spanish monolingual signalization and even removal of bilingual one, etc. Spanish is or can be spoken in Navarre by the entire population, with few exceptions in remote rural areas. 587: 2267: 2283: 3197:) ruling against the use of some school books that had in their content a map that displayed the Chartered Community of Navarre within the Basque Country area, claiming it distorted the natural, historic, legal, social, geographic and politic reality of Navarre. The same court has also ruled against considering the knowledge of the Basque language when hiring in the public administration, and the establishment of Basque-medium schools has usually been opposed by Navarrese and municipal governments. The Navarrese government and courts have also taken measures to remove Basque symbols from public buildings. As an example, the Administrative Court of Navarre ( 1669: 113: 1659: 2346:, some 400 kilometres (250 miles) away from Bilbao. Indeed, the lack of a central governing body for the public faculties of the Bilbao area, namely those of Economics in Sarriko, Medicine in Basurto, Engineering in Bilbao and the School of Mining in Barakaldo (est. 1910s), was seen as a gross handicap for the cultural and economic development of the area, and so, during the late 1960s many formal requests were made to the Francoist government in order to establish a Basque public university that would unite all the public faculties already founded in Bilbao. As a result of that, the 6084: 1632: 2275: 1083: 59: 73: 337: 3235: 3148: 101: 2159: 569: 3719: 1622: 1095: 3125:. ETA declared temporary ceasefires in 1989, 1996, 1998 and 2006, but these subsequently came to an abrupt end. However, on 5 September 2010, ETA declared a permanent ceasefire, and on 20 October 2011 ETA announced a "definitive cessation of its armed activity". On 2 May 2018, ETA issued a historic statement declaring a definitive end to its armed struggle and the organisation was officially dissolved, after six decades of political conflict. 978: 4255: 2926: 2745: 2600: 1992: 3139: 4357: 4371: 2178:

spoken by approximately a quarter of the total Basque Country, its stronghold being the contiguous area formed by Gipuzkoa, northern Navarre and the Pyrenean French valleys. It is not spoken natively in most of Álava, western Biscay and the southern half of Navarre. Of a total estimation of some 650,000 Basque speakers, approximately 550,000 live in the Spanish Basque country, the rest in the French.

3178:) which allowed Navarre to be eventually absorbed in the Basque Country at their request. This was added after the rejection of the majority of the political parties of Navarre to be incorporated in a joined Basque Country Autonomous Community. The coat of arms of the Basque Autonomous Community included the coat of arms of Navarre (along the coats of arms of Álava, Biscay and Gipuzkoa) when the 1406:, etc.) were followed by the intervention of newly reformed and recent institutions, such as Spain's central tribunal Inquisition, the (Navarrese) Royal Tribunals, and the Diocesan Tribunal, who organized a series of trials for alleged witchcraft and heretical practices. In the heat of the Wars of Religion and the struggle for Navarre, persecution came to a head in the hysteria of the 1609–1611 3767: 2089: 2081: 553: 3079:, "The Constitution is based on the indissoluble unity of the Spanish nation, the common and indivisible homeland of all Spaniards". Therefore, since this precludes a declaration of independence of Spanish regions, some Basques abstained and some even voted against it in the referendum of 6 December of that year. The constitution was nevertheless 2990:(UPN), a conservative party formerly attached to People's Party. It was the ruling party in Navarre from 1996 to 2015, and a firm opponent of Basque nationalism, the idea of a Basque Country including Navarre, and virtually all matters Basque. It emphasizes the Spanish character of Navarre, its distinct institutional make-up, and taxation system. 1378:: Region of south-western Europe, an area inhabited especially by the 'Basques': they keep unity with regards to race and language, in spite of one sector belonging to Spain (see Spanish Basque Country ) and the other to France (see French Basque Country ). The Basque Country extends over 21,023 sq km, and is home to 1,585,409 inhabitants. 2208: 2132:

language shift towards Spanish language in the Basque-speaking areas of the Spanish Basque Country, a phenomenon initially restricted to the upper urban classes, but progressively reaching the lower classes. Western Biscay, most of Alava and southern Navarre have been Spanish-speaking (or Romance-speaking) for centuries.

2342:(Bilbao) in the 1960s, and a public faculty of medicine was also founded during that decade, thus expanding the college graduate schools. However, all the public faculties in the Basque Country were organized as local branches of Spanish universities. For instance, the School of Engineering was treated as a part of the 2406:

Since the last quarter of the 20th century, there have been very different political views on the significance of the Basque Country, with some Basque nationalists aiming to create an independent state including the whole area, and Spanish nationalism denying the very existence of the Basque Country.

2052:

Much as has been the case for Spain's two other major economic poles (Madrid and Catalonia), the Basque Country received significant immigration from other poorer regions of Spain, due to its higher level of economic development and early industrialization. During the second half of the 20th century,

1953:

in Navarre and Gipuzkoa and to a lesser extent in Bizkaia. This process also happened in Northern Castile. They were all collectively called Franks because most of them came from French regions (Normans, Bretons, Burgundians, Aquitanians etc.) but an important minority of them were in fact of German,

1559:

Over the last 25 years, some 380,000 people have left the Basque Autonomous Community, of which some 230,000 have moved to other parts of Spain. While certainly many of them are people returning to their original homes when starting their retirement, there is also a sizable tract of Basque natives in

1555:

stock arrived in the Basque Autonomous Community in the late 19th century and throughout the 20th century, as the region became more and more industrialized and prosperous and additional workers were needed to support the economic growth. Descendants of immigrants from other parts of Spain have since

4056:

was a team operating at the same level until 2013 which was commercially sponsored, but also worked as an unofficial Basque national team and was partly funded by the Basque Government. Its riders were Basque, or at least grew up in the region's cycling culture; members of the team were sometimes

2535:, and is quite more emphatic in its nationalist claims than EAJ-PNV. After Carlos Garaikoetxea retired, Begoña Errazti was elected for the chair of the party. EA went through unfavourable electoral results, the party split with a splinter group founding the half-hearted party Hamaikabat based in 2177:

sponsored by the Basque regional government which aim at the generalization of its use. However, the actual implementation of this official status is patchy and problematic, relying ultimately on the will of the different administrative levels to enforce it—Justice, Health, Administration. It is

2199:

opposes Basque nationalist attempts to provide education in Basque through all Navarre (which would include areas where it is not traditionally spoken). Basque language teaching in the public education network is therefore limited to the Basque speaking north and central regions. In the central

2228:

The European Commission for Regional or Minority Languages to which Spain is signatory has issued a number of recommendations in order to guarantee a real official status for Basque language (2004), e.g. the suppression of the administrative linguistic divides of Navarre for considering it an

2131:

has historically attempted to absorb ethnic minority groups – including the French Basques – into a linguistically unified state, Spain in turn has accepted intermittently in its history some degree of linguistic, cultural, and political autonomy to the Basques. Altogether there was a gradual

1504:

The Basque Country has a population of approximately 3 million as of early 2006. The population density, at about 140/km (360/sq mi) is above average for both Spain and France, but the distribution of the population is fairly unequal, concentrated around the main cities. A third of the

2323:(now a Bilbao neighbourhood) by the turn of the century, a private university where the Commercial Faculty was integrated. The first modern Basque public university was the Basque University, founded 18 November 1936 by the autonomous Basque government in Bilbao in the midst of the 1903:

also were found north and south of the mountains. They lived as untouchables in Basque villages and were allowed to marry only among themselves. Their origin is unclear and has historically been surrounded with superstitions. Nowadays, they have mostly assimilated into the general

4866: 2115:

Despite being spoken in a relatively small territory, the rugged features of the Basque countryside and the historically high population density resulted in a heavy dialectal fragmentation throughout history, which increased the value of both Spanish and French respectively as

2302:

in 1548. It lasted in various forms until 1901. In 1868, in order to fulfill the need for college graduates for the thriving industry that was flourishing in the Bilbao area, there was an unsuccessful effort to establish a Basque-Navarrese University. Nonetheless, in 1897 the

1020:, and others. There is considerable evidence to show their Basque ethnicity in Roman times in the form of place-names, Caesar's reference to their customs and physical make-up, the so-called Aquitanian inscriptions recording names of people and gods (approx. 1st century, see 1075:. The ancient tribes are last cited in the 5th century, after which track of them is lost, with only Vascones still being accounted for, while extending far beyond their former boundaries, e.g. in the current lands of Álava and most conspicuously around the Pyrenees and 2470:(7 MPs) and the Basque Nationalist Party (6 MPs) at the expense of EH Bildu (2 MPs), while Madrid-based mainstream parties continued their steady decline trend, with the Spanish Conservatives (allied with UPN in Navarre) getting 4 MPs, and the Socialists 4 MPs. 2066:, South Asia, and China, settling mostly in the major urban areas. Nevertheless, foreign immigrant population is lower in the Basque country than in Madrid and Catalonia, despite having similar GDP per capita and significantly lower levels of unemployment. 2450:

Despite Amaiur's results, the group was refused a parliamentary group in an unprecedented decision in the Spanish Parliament, on the grounds that the coalition's MPs represented two different constituencies. As a result, Amaiur (5th political group in the

2577:). Its ideology is Basque nationalist and socialist, rejects violence as a means of achieving political goals, and values civic and pacific disobedience as a legitimate way of opposing arbitrary and authoritarian policies. It is included in the coalition 3064:, which is supported by 60% of Basques in the Basque Autonomous Community, and independence, which would be supported in this same territory, according to a poll, by approximately 36% of them. This desire for independence is particularly stressed among 5092:

Urzainqui, Tomas; Esarte, Pello; García Manzanal, Alberto; Sagredo, Iñaki; Sagredo, Iñaki; Sagredo, Iñaki; Del Castillo, Eneko; Monjo, Emilio; Ruiz de Pablos, Francisco; Guerra Viscarret, Pello; Lartiga, Halip; Lavin, Josu; Ercilla, Manuel (2013).

2210: 2216: 2214: 2213: 2209: 764:

or "Fourth Transitory Provision"). To date, there has been no implementation of this law. Despite demands for a referendum by minority leftist forces and Basque nationalists in Navarre, it has been opposed by mainstream Spanish parties and the

3090:

There are not many sources on the issue for the French Basque country, but the establishment of an autonomic regime in the Northern Basque Country and the officiality of the Basque language are two of the main demands of Basque nationalists.

2215: 4870: 5489: 1496:'s permanent ceasefire in 2010). The French Basque Country, meanwhile, lacks any political or administrative recognition whatsoever, while a majority of local representatives have lobbied to create a Basque department, to no avail. 2411:

left for over a decade a distorted representation of the Basque politics in local councils and regional parliaments, as well as a swiftly changing array of disbanded party names, new alliances, and re-accommodations (since 1998).

2236:

The situation of the Basque language in the French Basque Country is vulnerable (as rated by Unesco). The pressure of French as a well-established mainstream language and different administrative obstacles to the consolidation of

1560:

this group who have moved due to a Basque nationalist political environment (including ETA's killings) which they perceive as overtly hostile. These have been quoted to be as high as 10% of the population in the Basque Community.

5582: 2185:

in Spain has three types of schools differentiated by their linguistic teaching models: A, B and D. Model D, with education entirely in Basque, and Spanish as a compulsory subject, is the most widely chosen model by parents. In

5519: 1543:

José Aranda Aznar writes that 30% of the population in the Basque Country Autonomous Community were born in other regions of Spain and that 40% of the people living in that territory do not have a single Basque parent.

5449:"El vascuence subvenía perfectamente a las necesidades de pequeñas comunidades agrícolas o de pescadores, a la vida religiosa y política de un mundo bastante aislado y de dimensionas pequeñas..." (Pinillos, Jose Luis 2524:). A splinter group from PNV since 1984, unleashed by EAJ-PNV's compromise with the Spanish right in Navarre against the opinion of the local branch in exchange for support in Bilbao. The party was led by charismatic 2241:

make the language's future prospects uncertain. On 14 June 2013, pointing to the 1850 Falloux act and declaring thereafter that French is the official language of France, the regional subprefect declared illegal the

5799: 2304: 2212: 328:. The concept is still highly controversial, and the Supreme Court of Navarre has upheld a denial of government funding to school books that include the Navarre community within the Basque Country area. 2062:

Since the 1980s, as a consequence of its considerable economic prosperity, the Basque Country has received an increasing number of immigrants, mostly from Eastern Europe, North Africa, Latin America,

1355:

had decreed Navarre's permanent independence from France (31 December 1596). In the decades after the Spanish annexation, the Basque Country went through increased religious, ideological and national

5497: 1488:

and Navarre, with a limited self-governing status, as settled by the Spanish Constitution. However, a significant part of Basque society is still attempting higher degrees of self-empowerment (see

112: 324:), culture and traditions. The area is neither linguistically nor culturally homogeneous, and certain areas have a majority of people who do not consider themselves Basque, such as the south of 5527: 2395: 2561:) is a party founded in February 2011 spearheaded by relevant public figures and low-profile political leaders aiming to fill the sociological and political void left by outlawed parties 4924: 5590: 5463: 2686:

also took part in its creation). EH Bai has become the main nationalist force in the North, and has taken a more moderate stance on historical nationalist demands than its predecessors.

2254:

for not complying with its international commitments and actually failing to accept minorities by violating their linguistic rights. In November 2013, France decided not to ratify the

3951: 3947: 1592: 549:. Within these conventions, the area of Northern Basque Country (including the 29 square kilometres (11 square miles) of Esquiule) is 2,995 square kilometres (1,156 square miles). 1441:, when the Basques supported heir-apparent Carlos and his descendants to the cry of "God, Fatherland, King" (The Charters were finally abolished in 1876). The ensuing centralized 3931:. Both Athletic and Real Sociedad have won the Spanish league, including dominating the competition in the early 1980s, with the last title won by a Basque club being Athletic's 3083:, albeit with some degree of opposition in the Southern Basque Country. The derived autonomous regime for the BAC was approved in later referendum and the autonomy of Navarre ( 2394:

There are numerous other significant Basque cultural institutions in the Basque Country and elsewhere. Most Basque organizations in the United States are affiliated with NABO (

474:(he goes on to suggest that Basque language is spoken "in many other places"), in the early 17th century. Some Basques refer to the seven traditional districts collectively as 2211: 2173:

Nowadays, the Basque Autonomous Community enjoys some cultural and political autonomy and Basque is an official language along with Spanish. Basque is favoured by a set of

6880: 2374: 776:

located outside of the respective autonomous community are often cited as being part of both the Basque Autonomous Community and also the Basque Country (greater region).

4329:, or loading carts, but adapted as competitions with points awarded for specific criteria such as time, precision, elegance and productivity. Rural Basque sports include 6226: 3613: 2096:

Currently, the predominant languages in the Spanish and French Basque Countries are Spanish and French, respectively. In the historical process of forging themselves as

2124:

was only introduced in the late 1960s, which helped Basque move away from being perceived – even by its own speakers – as a language unfit for educational purposes.

2709: 2311:. Almost at the same time, the urgent need for business graduates led to the establishment of the Commercial Faculty by the Jesuits, and, some time thereafter, the 5932: 2506:

and has evolved towards rather moderate positions though it still keeps the demand for self-determination and eventual independence. It is the main party in the

2817:. It is the main opposition in the BAC and the fourth party in the Navarrese parliament (as of 2022). Even though the coalition is considered the successor of 6231: 3157: 2307:(the first modern faculty of engineering in Spain), was founded as a way of providing engineers for the local industry; this faculty is nowadays part of the 6199: 5392: 4409: 2255: 1307:, only stopped by royal intervention and the gradual shift of power from the countryside to the towns by the 16th century. Meanwhile, the viscounties of 644:

region. Jean Goyhenetche suggests it would be more accurate to depict the region as the reunion of five entities: Labourd, Lower Navarre, Soule but also

4840: 760:

of 1978 states that Navarre may become a part of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country if it is so decided by its people and institutions (the

3182:

was approved. Following a legal suit by the Navarre government claiming that the usage of the arms of a region on the flag of another was illegal, the

2718:, formerly the hegemonic center-left party in France. Even though it has lost much support in recent years it has remained relevant in Basque politics. 2143:(Basque Language Academy) were severely curtailed. In general, during these years, cultural activity in Basque was limited to folkloric issues and the 6023: 3179: 2233:

and restitution to its normal operation, as well as guarantees to prisoners of receiving and sending correspondence in Basque, to mention but a few.

1394:

From 1525, witchcraft allegations originating in a number of Pyrenean valleys on the rearguard of the Lower Navarre front and recent theatre of war (

5721:

Regionalism and revenue : The moderate basque nationalist party, the PNV, and politico-economic power in the basque country of Spain 1980-1998

5078: 4276: 3852:

in the late 1980s. Since then, Real Sociedad have had many foreign players. Athletic's policy does not apply to head coaches, with famous names as

2947: 2766: 2621: 2013: 3018:. It ruled Navarre from 2015 to 2019, and entered the PSN led government in 2019. Currently it is the biggest Basque nationalist party in Navarre. 1303:, important families dotting the whole Basque territory came to prominence, often quarreling with each other for power and unleashing the bloody 5612: 5312: 4928: 5467: 2708:, a center-right France-wide party, an ally of The Republicans and Renaissance, and the party of the president of the Northern Basque Country 413:

would be "country/nation/people/settlement of the Basque language", a concept difficult to render into a single word in most other languages.

6204: 6083: 4538: 2200:

region, Basque teaching in the public education network is fairly limited, and part of the existing demand is served via private schools or

1456:

Since then, attempts were made to find a new framework for self-empowerment. The occasion seemed to have arrived on the proclamation of the

586: 850:, since its weather station is at a higher elevation than the urban core, where temperatures are higher year-round and similar to those in 4920: 3993:

who eventually played for Spain based on his residency in the southern Basque country. The club has also played in the French third tier.

2246:

council's subsidies to finance a new building for a Basque-language school. On 6 November 2013, the Basque language school network in the

1588: 5978: 4563: 2539:. Under the leadership of Peio Urizar, Eusko Alkartasuna gained momentum and moved towards an understanding with figures close to former 6846: 3961:

Football is slightly less popular in Northern Basque country but the region has produced two well known and successful French players,

2266: 1954:

Dutch, Italian, English and Swiss stock. Some were also from even more distant lands such as Poland or Denmark. Due to this migration,

5777: 4065:. The races often saw Basque fans lining the roads during Pyrenean stages of the Tour de France. Team leaders included riders such as 5656: 5376: 2339: 769:, which was the ruling party until 2015. The Union has repeatedly asked for an amendment to the Constitution to remove this clause. 6919: 6312: 3701: 5881: 4835: 2084:

Percentage of fluent speakers of Basque. Those areas where Basque is not a native language are included within the 0–20% interval)

6538: 5675: 619: 4617: 2139:, the government attempted to suppress Basque nationalism and limit the uses of the Basque language. Even the activities of the 1883:

groups existed in the Basque Country and some still exist as ethnic groups. These were grouped together under the generic terms

6460: 3080: 2380: 1937:-speakers, travelling as cattle merchants and artisans. Following the industrialization, they settled in slums near big cities. 4477: 3160:

had the chains of the Kingdom of Navarre removed in 1986 after a long-requested petition by the Navarrese regional government.

6145: 6051: 6016: 5833: 5190: 5102: 4384: 4053: 3997: 3943: 3588: 2507: 2473:

In the Northern Basque Country, the French right is the most popular political faction, but since its creation the coalition

1485: 704: 685: 289: 6820: 6246: 2814: 2689: 3117:

to a paramilitary group with the goal of gaining independence for the Basque Country. ETA is the main organisation of the

2881:(IU), a Spain-wide left-wing coalition, the former Spanish Communist Party, federalist and republican, with its branches: 2824: 2407:

The dynamics of controversial decisions imposed by Spanish tribunals on Basque nationalist parties ideologically close to

2229:

obstacle to the normal use of Basque and discriminating against Basque speakers, the filing of the case against newspaper

6491: 5639: 4781: 4705: 3118: 2705: 2436: 2112:

is the most obvious expression of this phenomenon, something which surely had an effect on the current status of Basque.

1971: 1344: 6695: 6675: 6521: 4950: 2997: 2486: 3730: 1668: 6571: 5732: 5705: 5435: 5360: 5263: 5129: 5055: 4891:

For instance, Eugène Goyheneche writes that Treviño is "an integral part of Álava, administratively belonging to the

4816: 4755: 4737: 4696: 4678: 4604: 4514: 4464: 4394: 4302: 4000:

which plays occasional friendlies, but not competitive matches, against conventional national teams. Navarre has its

2973: 2900: 2792: 2647: 2467: 2039: 1418: 1295:

These westerly territories pledged intermittent allegiance to Navarre in their early stages, but were annexed to the

5583:"Ipar Euskal Herriko ikastola guztiak arriskuan direla salatzeko manifestazioa deitu du Seaskak larunbatean Baionan" 4776: 4284: 2955: 2774: 2724:, the main French green party. The greens are one of the main allies of the left-wing Basque nationalists in France. 2629: 2021: 6009: 4001: 3001: 2351: 2308: 6665: 3986: 2721: 2482: 681: 285: 72: 28: 5389: 3186:

forced the Basque government to remove the chains of Navarre, leaving the red background where the chains were.

6660: 6274: 4997: 4642: 4280: 3838: 3834: 3761: 3648: 3337: 2951: 2770: 2625: 2510:(BAC) and is the most voted party (about 40% population), but its presence in Navarre is minor and subsumed in 2282: 2017: 78: 117:

The seven historical provinces usually included in the definition of the greater region of the Basque Country.

100: 6763: 6670: 5289: 4844: 4034: 3955: 3750: 3516: 3183: 2844: 218: 17: 58: 6690: 6680: 6655: 6533: 5988: 4153:. Basque players, playing for either the Spanish or the French teams, dominate international competitions. 4100:, the name referencing the club's Basque heritage. They wear red, white and green, and supporters wave the 4028: 3694: 3167: 3076: 2370: 2167: 1658: 1631: 967: 5719: 4219: 2543:

and new faces hailing from the same sociological environment. The party is a co-founder of the coalitions

1299:

at the end of the 12th century, so depriving the Kingdom of Navarre of direct access to the ocean. In the

6924: 6685: 6216: 5561:

Assessment of Spain's implementation of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages to Basque

3367: 3042: 2987: 1529: 1417:, its provinces underwent an ever-shrinking self-government status until the French Revolution, when the 766: 5225: 2428: 2195: 6804: 6354: 5996: 5556:

Espainiako estatuak Erregio zein Gutxiengo Hizkuntzen Europako Ituna euskarari aplikatzearen ebaluazioa

5490:"La falta de médicos y bibliotecarios que hablen euskera en zonas vascófonas llega al Parlamento foral" 4596: 3939: 2702:, the traditional French conservative party, and one of the main forces in the Northern Basque Country. 510: 2696:. In the Basque Country it is allied with the traditional French right and other center-right parties. 2147:, while a higher, yet still limited degree of tolerance was granted to Basque culture and language in 6746: 6344: 6138: 3225: 2856: 2100:, both the Spanish and French governments have tried more or less intensely to discourage the use of 1422: 526: 501: 1959: 6440: 5338: 5091: 4265: 3015: 2936: 2755: 2715: 2699: 2610: 2499: 2444: 2343: 2002: 997: 4916: 750:(10,391 km²) is a single-province autonomous community. Its name refers to the charters, the 6334: 6093: 6042: 4429: 4269: 3687: 3547: 2940: 2759: 2614: 2432: 2334:

Several faculties, originally teaching only in Spanish, were founded in the Basque region in the

2182: 2006: 1537: 1461: 1430: 1356: 1289: 661: 615: 489: 417: 297: 1214: 6780: 6475: 6236: 5152: 4419: 3643: 3251: 3100: 2408: 1493: 668:(literally, "the southern part"), is the part of the Basque region that lies completely within 64: 6001: 2502:(EAJ-PNV-PNB) is the oldest of all nationalist parties, with over 100 years of history. It is 2291: 496:(literally, "the northern part"), is the part of the Basque Country that lies entirely within 6583: 6550: 6501: 6418: 6264: 5520:"'Euskalerria Irratia' recurre en el TSJN el último concurso de adjudicación de 42 licencias" 4082: 3896: 3872: 3320: 2366: 2247: 2230: 2144: 1919: 1509:

metropolitan area, while most of the interior of the French Basque Country and some areas of

1468:), but was discarded in 1932. In 1936 a short-lived statute of autonomy was approved for the 1403: 1320: 838:, with somewhat wider temperature swings between seasons. The list only sources locations in 835: 514: 4912: 4172: 862:

Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected locations in the Basque Country

6850: 6634: 6445: 6269: 6211: 6183: 6131: 4564:"Navarre Supreme Court ruled against scholar books which included Navarre in Euskal Herria" 4112:

in San Sebastian. The most famous Basque Biarritz player was the legendary French fullback

3802: 3783: 2661: 2384: 2347: 2316: 1457: 1450: 1352: 757: 5654: 3912: 3357: 802: 8: 6799: 6650: 6622: 6615: 6528: 6428: 6423: 4316: 4159:

is popular due to the mountainous terrain of the Basque Country and its proximity to the

3974: 3970: 3932: 3578: 3511: 3325: 3025: 2878: 2806: 2528: 2503: 1484:'s dictatorship, a new statute was designed that resulted in the creation of the current 1407: 1273: 1221: 1143: 1021: 791: 410: 5950: 3978: 3822: 3608: 834:

and the southern regions of the autonomous community are transitional, with continental

785: 629: 557: 538: 6830: 6825: 6511: 6402: 6382: 6168: 5072: 5016: 4334: 4097: 3916: 3864: 3846: 3618: 3593: 3106: 3065: 3061: 3053: 2908: 2562: 2452: 2163: 2136: 2063: 1975: 1950: 1489: 1446: 1296: 1269: 1130:, but the ethnic nature of this people, often at odds with and finally overcome by the 708: 637: 5907: 5683: 4867:"UPN recuerda a Chivite que dejó muy claro que la Transitoria Cuarta no tenía sentido" 4062: 4024: 3982: 2463:

includes only the 5 members of the PNV and the Basque Autonomous Community (Euskadi).

2274: 1621: 781: 6718: 6627: 6435: 6302: 6295: 5728: 5431: 5356: 5186: 5125: 5098: 5051: 4993: 4892: 4812: 4751: 4733: 4692: 4674: 4600: 4520: 4510: 4460: 4180: 4176: 4168: 3801:

The main sport in the Basque Country, as in the rest of Spain and much of France, is

3537: 3315: 3069: 3021: 2679: 2671: 2517: 2424: 2324: 2128: 1513:

remain sparsely populated: density culminates at about 500/km (1,300/sq mi) for

1360: 1340: 1166: 1154: 1127: 752: 534: 443: 356: 4951:"Standard climate Values - State Meteorological Agency - AEMET - Spanish Government" 4074: 3087:: "improvement of the charter") was approved by the regional parliament of Navarra. 1082: 680:). It is the largest and most populated part of the Basque Country. It includes two 6605: 6307: 6241: 5911: 5855: 5825: 5348: 4399: 4121: 4078: 3966: 3962: 3892: 3888: 3668: 3623: 3461: 3441: 3393: 3198: 3190: 2828: 2532: 2335: 2328: 2109: 2105: 1552: 1481: 1304: 1300: 677: 636:

This summary presentation suggests difficulty in justifying the inclusion of a few

542: 395: 246: 144: 5755: 3904: 3456: 1719: 1673: 847: 739: 572: 6854: 6758: 6736: 6713: 6588: 6566: 6545: 6516: 6506: 6496: 6178: 6173: 5660: 5643: 5396: 5229: 5119: 5045: 4727: 4414: 4321:

The Basque country sporting tradition is linked to agricultural pursuits such as

4211: 4196: 4070: 4008: 3990: 3806: 3771: 3501: 3466: 3377: 3330: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3210: 3171: 3122: 2693: 2174: 2121: 2075: 1955: 1683: 1636: 1548: 1009: 903: 815: 719: 689: 580: 522: 463: 348: 336: 317: 313: 305: 254: 238: 140: 136: 5352: 3113:

organization. The group was founded in 1959 and evolved from a group promoting

1004:) to the Indo-European migrations. Basque tribes were mentioned by Greek writer 992:

According to some theories, Basques may be the least assimilated remnant of the

6794: 6610: 6578: 6349: 6339: 6319: 6290: 5708:

is singled out from the rest of the Spanish Socialist Party's federate branches

4911:

This figure has been obtained by addition of the area of the municipalities of

4389: 4207: 4184: 4164: 4156: 4150: 4109: 4058: 4016: 3884: 3880: 3853: 3403: 3114: 2727: 2466:

However, in December 2015, the Spanish parliamentary elections saw the rise of

2295: 2140: 1923: 1528:

A significant majority of the population of the Basque country live inside the

1506: 1434: 1395: 1076: 1060: 5637: 5615:[Seaska complained to UNESCO that France does not accept minorities]. 4785: 4709: 4104:

in the stands. A number of 'home' matches played by Biarritz Olympique in the

505: 6913: 6895: 6882: 6775: 6455: 6392: 6387: 6366: 6107: 4404: 4362: 4215: 4192: 4188: 4138: 4117: 4038: 4020: 3928: 3920: 3857: 3849: 3810: 3598: 3583: 3446: 3362: 3234: 2911:

alongside United Left, and in Navarre it is part of the coalition government.

2734: 2117: 1892: 1880: 1518: 1399: 1359:, encouraged by new national ideas embraced by the rising Spanish and French 1348: 1178: 1158: 611: 405: 340: 301: 278: 262: 156: 5411: 4524: 3826: 2459:

with a myriad of different parties from all over Spain, while the so-called

594:

The French Basque Country is traditionally subdivided into three provinces:

568: 6741: 6397: 5554: 4376: 4330: 4132: 4128: 4113: 4105: 4041: 3924: 3908: 3900: 3842: 3830: 3556: 3526: 3521: 3451: 3426: 3382: 2993: 2097: 1438: 1189:

In the Early Middle Ages (up to the 9th century) the territory between the

1162: 1072: 1028: 855: 454:

The term Basque Country refers to a collection of regions inhabited by the

5933:"El TAN ordena borrar el escudo de Euskal Herria del frontón de Atarrabia" 2692:(formerly La République En Marche), the party of liberal French President 2589: 2388: 2158: 359:

into other languages due to the wide range of meanings of the Basque word

6593: 6470: 6465: 6450: 6359: 6329: 6154: 5206: 4671:

Nosotros los vascos – Ama Lur – Geografía física y humana de Euskalherria

4504: 4453: 4146: 4089: 3876: 3787: 3775: 3663: 3436: 3206: 3068:

Basque nationalists. The right of self-determination was asserted by the

2221: 1942: 1809: 1364: 1324: 993: 922: 843: 819: 476: 466:, and it is first attested as including seven traditional territories in 91: 4101: 3845:

Real Sociedad used to practice the same policy, until they signed Irish

3718: 3147: 2092:

Percentage of students registered in Basque language schools (2000–2005)

1532:(about 2,100,000, or 70% of the population) while about 600,000 live in 1094: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6785: 6751: 6221: 4834:

Area figures for Spanish Autonomous Communities have been found on the

4775:

This result is obtained by addition of the communal areas given by the

4342: 4338: 4203: 3814: 3658: 3603: 3110: 1974:

in the 16th century. One of the notable members of such minorities was

1316: 1044: 381: 5020: 2369:

with another campus in San Sebastián. Additionally, there is also the

2190:, there is an additional G model, with education entirely in Spanish. 1926:. This is based on Basque grammar but using Romani-derived vocabulary. 1517:

but falls to 20/km (52/sq mi) in the northern inner provinces of

1064: 801:

Navarre holds two small administrative strips in Aragon, organised as

6768: 6324: 5313:"Agotes, the mysterious cursed race of the Basque-Navarrese Pyrenees" 5118:

Jimeno Jurio, Jose Maria (1998). "Contrarreforma catolica y lengua".

4066: 4012: 3782:

The Basque Country has also contributed many sportsmen, primarily in

3506: 3471: 3057: 3007: 2907:), a Spain-wide leftist party. In the BAC it is inside the coalition 2821:, it is much more moderate and officially rejects political violence. 2511: 2440: 2278:

Auditorium building of the University of the Basque Country in Bilbao

2155:, since both areas mostly supported Francoist troops during the war. 1970:

minorities but these were expelled or forced to assimilate after the

1915: 1908: 1827: 1737: 1414: 1210: 1147: 1131: 1107: 1056: 977: 795: 480:, meaning "The Seven One", a motto coined in the late 19th century. 5613:"Frantziak gutxiengorik ez duela onartzen salatu du Seaskak Unescon" 4254: 4131:, along with other professional sports, by the German collaborating 2925: 2813:), a left-wing Basque nationalist coalition formed by EA, Sortu and 2744: 2668:), the main radical left wing Basque nationalist party in the North. 2599: 1991: 1224:

royal authority and establishing feudalism left Vasconia (to become

6056: 5882:"Eta's armed struggle is no more. Now Spain must end its brutality" 4435: 4238: 4223: 4160: 4142: 4093: 3818: 3791: 3476: 3431: 3029: 2818: 2683: 2578: 2570: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2478: 2420: 2362: 2238: 2201: 1930: 1778: 1724: 1701: 1663: 1608: 1469: 1351:

was largely absorbed by France in 1620, despite the fact that King

1336: 1277: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1198: 1170: 1135: 1123: 1119: 1052: 1040: 1032: 1017: 1013: 941: 827: 735: 697: 602: 546: 266: 210: 6061: 5401:

En San Sebastián se habla gascón desde el siglo XIV hasta el 1919

4145:) is the Basque version of the European game family that includes 3128: 2492: 2299: 2148: 1688: 1473: 1426: 1281: 1249: 1115: 985: 715: 6102: 6073: 4943: 4424: 4234: 4230: 4127:

A Basque club was the last to win the cup before the banning of

4045: 3868: 3795: 3673: 3653: 3496: 3421: 3273: 3265: 3166:

A Basque Country including Navarre has proved controversial. The

2358: 2312: 2243: 2187: 2152: 2101: 1934: 1911:

were a Roma subgroup found mainly in the Northern Basque Country.

1796: 1791: 1706: 1533: 1510: 1465: 1308: 1265: 1245: 1241: 1225: 1194: 1174: 1169:, while ethnic Basques inhabited well east into the lands of the 1087: 1048: 1036: 1001: 831: 823: 773: 747: 693: 649: 645: 606: 598: 530: 455: 391: 369: 325: 293: 151: 5563:] (in Basque). Pamplona: Behatokia. January 2004. p. 76 5022:

The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050

3189:

Among other controversies in 2018 the Supreme Court of Navarre (

2674:(EH Bai), a left-wing coalition formed by Abertzaleen Batasuna, 1209:

feudal authority from the north and the pressure of the Iberian

814:

The Basque Country region is dominated by a warm, humid and wet

525:). In most contemporary sources, it is defined as covering the 416:

The two earliest references (in various spelling guises) are in

6598: 6066: 6031: 5983: 5778:"El 55% de los vascos no desea la independencia; La Vanguardia" 4326: 4322: 3411: 3014:), a progressive Basque nationalist coalition with ties to the 2859:(PP), the main conservative party in Spain, with its branches: 2834: 2582: 2548: 2474: 2416: 2415:

During the 2011 Spanish parliamentary elections, the coalition

2350:

was founded in the early 1970s, which has now evolved into the

2320: 2251: 1967: 1963: 1946: 1832: 1814: 1760: 1742: 1649: 1644: 1626: 1584: 1514: 1477: 1410:

on both sides of the Spanish-French border, easing afterwards.

1285: 1257: 1253: 1206: 1202: 1139: 1111: 1103: 1102:

The territory of the Cantabri encompassed probably present-day

1068: 1005: 981: 884: 851: 729: 725: 497: 467: 377: 365: 270: 126: 6123: 2427:) came up first in parliamentary seats (7) and second only to 1071:, suggest the presence of non-Basque peoples at some point in 846:

on the Spanish side of the border. The values do not apply to

6112: 5222: 4689:

Pays Basque La terre les hommes Labourd, Basse-Navarre, Soule

3416: 3372: 3138: 2839:

Socialist Party of the Basque Country – Basque Country's Left

2675: 2554: 2383:

has established its institutions for higher education as the

2327:. It operated only briefly before the government's defeat by 2053:

such immigrants were commonly referred to by some Basques as

1962:, until the beginning of the 20th century. Navarre also held 1900: 1865:

Agglomération Côte Basque Adour: 126 072 inhabitants (2013)

1755: 1556:

been considered Basque for the most part, at least formally.

1522: 1312: 1261: 842:, but Bayonne/Biarritz have a very similar climate to nearby 839: 669: 641: 625: 561: 274: 5526:. Pamplona: Grupo Noticias. 26 November 2013. Archived from 5496:. Pamplona: Grupo Noticias. 19 November 2013. Archived from 4728:

Alexander Ugalde Zubirri; Gonzalo Martinez Azumendi (1998).

4539:"Euskal Herriko Soziolinguistikazko Inkesta 1996 – Nafarroa" 3863:

The most renowned Basque footballer of all time is possibly

3766: 2270:

Opening of the academic year in the Mondragon Unibertsitatea

2088: 1098:

The Basque Country's historic districts (early 18th century)

5936: 5451:

Coloquio sobre el problema del bilingüismo en el País Vasco

5377:

Erromintxela: Notas para una investigación sociolingüística

5205:

A readable map of population density for each municipality

1773: 1536:(20% of the population) and about 300,000 (roughly 10%) in 1445:

bred dissent and frustration in the region, giving rise to

1190: 387: 373: 224: 206: 4779:; it was based on the provincial subtotals as computed by 4506:

Euskaleŕiaren yakintza = Literatura popular del País Vasco

3875:. Nowadays, the most well-known Basque football player is 2735:

Parties with presence in all of the Spanish Basque Country

2080: 1859:

Metropolitan area of Vitoria: 277 812 inhabitants (2015)

5979:

The Basque People in the Middle Ages (historical article)

5973: 5802:

Basque parliament adopts resolution on self-determination

4567: 4478:"Zazpiak bat (siete en una): el País Vasco de Pío Baroja" 4124:

is another top-flight rugby union club with Basque ties.

2514:, while it remains marginal in the French Basque Country. 996:

inhabitants of Western Europe (specifically those of the

5908:"Ajuria Enea retira las cadenas de Navarra de su escudo" 5183:

Euskal Herria Kartografian eta Testigantza Historikoetan

2915: 2489:

elections the coalition came up second in popular vote.

2373:, with campus in Pamplona and in Tudela, managed by the 1862:

Metropolitan area of Eibar: 70 000 inhabitants (2012)

552: 4668: 4092:

is another popular sport with the Basque community. In

2831:

party of Spanish politics, with its regional branches:

2590:

Parties with presence only in the French Basque Country

1268:, etc., out of former tribal systems and minor realms ( 545:, but sources disagree on the status of the village of 5345:

The invention of racism: Antiquity and the Middle Ages

4809:

Les Basques et leur histoire : mythes et réalités

4703:

or the statistical data of the Euskal Herria Databank

3176:

Espainiako Konstituzioko laugarren xedapen iragankorra

2290:

The earliest university in the Basque Country was the

2250:, Seaska, bitterly criticized the French state before 4476:

www.funtsak.com, Funtsak-Diseño y Programación Web-.

4195:, where the Basque Country plays host to the popular 4007:

Cycling as a sport is popular in the Basque Country.

5250:

Empiria: Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales

5233: 5044:

Douglass, William A.; Douglass, Bilbao, J. (2005) .

4410:

List of active autonomist and secessionist movements

4352: 4187:, a former world champion, are among top Basques in 3841:, which has been applied with variable flexibility. 1027:

Geographically, the Basque Country was inhabited in

711:, specifically designated "historical territories": 672:. It is frequently known as Spanish Basque Country ( 5347:]. Hors collection (in French). Paris: Fayard. 4544:. Eusko Jaurlaritza, Nafarroako Gobernua, EKE. 1997 2891:

Izquierda Unida de Navarra-Nafarroako Ezker Batua (

2315:expanded their university by formally founding the 2256:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

1853:

Greater San Sebastian: 447 844 inhabitants (2014)

1460:in 1931, when a draft statute was drawn up for the 5951:"2009 Riders and teams Database - Cyclingnews.com" 5826:"Basque separatist group Eta 'declares ceasefire'" 3081:approved by a clear majority in the whole of Spain 2447:getting 5 (all from Basque Autonomous Community). 2338:era. A public faculty of economics was founded in 2193:The ruling anti-Basque conservative government of 2162:Coat of arms of the Basque Country, as claimed by 1272:), while south of the Pyrenees, besides the above 4686: 3946:prior to the Civil War, with all of those at the 3871:with 622 games and won six league titles and one 3180:Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country of 1979 1480:provinces, but war prevented any progress. After 6911: 5304: 5180: 5043: 4925:"Population, area and density by municipalities" 4806: 1146:(824), inextricably linked to their kinsmen the 3170:included the "Disposición transitoria cuarta" ( 3158:coat of arms of the Basque Autonomous Community 3129:Rejection of the Basque Country idea in Navarre 2996:, a right-wing coalition formed by UPN, PP and 2493:Parties with presence in all the Basque Country 2305:Bilbao Superior Technical School of Engineering 2059:, a derogatory term which is less used today. 622:, main settlement today Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port 265:. The Basque Country is located in the western 34:Cultural and historic land of the Basque people 5856:"Basque group Eta says armed campaign is over" 5390:Desparicion del Euskara por el norte y el este 5340:L'invention du racisme: Antiquité et Moyen-Âge 4983: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4971: 3879:(winner of two European Championships and one 3121:and was the most important participant in the 2354:with campuses in the western three provinces. 1856:Greater Pamplona: 346 716 inhabitants (2012) 1449:by the end of the 19th century, influenced by 1319:were finally incorporated to France after the 6139: 6017: 5221:See these sources for population statistics: 4992:(2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell. 4687:F J Gomez Piñeiro; et al., eds. (1980). 4241:have become spots on the world surf circuit. 4169:mountains of greater than 8000 metre altitude 4167:became the first woman to climb the fourteen 3695: 1376:Basque (Country) , Euscalerria or Euskalerria 1349:The independent Navarre north of the Pyrenees 822:and by extension, the climate is similar for 5549: 5547: 5545: 5369: 5336: 5261: 5252:, ISSN 1139-5737, Nº 1, 1998, pags. 121–180. 5117: 5095:La Conquista de Navarra y la Reforma Europea 5077:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4244: 4199:skyrunning races, held annually since 2002. 2481:) has seen a rise in popularity, and in the 2054: 1157:had been, to a great extent, assimilated by 433: 427: 421: 5848: 5037: 4968: 4745: 4475: 4341:(leading oxen to drag rocks) and Sokatira ( 4283:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 4179:have done so without supplementary oxygen. 4135:regime after the defeat of France in 1940. 2954:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2841:) in the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC). 2773:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2628:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2020:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1850:Greater Bilbao: 984 745 inhabitants (2014) 6146: 6132: 6024: 6010: 5466:. English Pen. 13 May 2004. Archived from 5085: 5011: 5009: 4587: 4585: 3867:, who holds the record for appearances in 3702: 3688: 1220:By the turn of the millennium, a receding 655: 483: 111: 99: 5818: 5542: 5244: 5242: 4921:Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain) 4303:Learn how and when to remove this message 3105:Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) was an armed 3060:) has demanded the right of some kind of 2974:Learn how and when to remove this message 2793:Learn how and when to remove this message 2648:Learn how and when to remove this message 2040:Learn how and when to remove this message 1580:Largest cities or towns in Basque Country 446:'s Bible translation, published in 1571. 420:'s manuscript, dated around 1564–1567 as 5717: 5711: 5050:. Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press. 4669:HAIZEA; Juan Antonio Sáez, eds. (1999). 4615: 4233:has taken off on the Basque shores, and 3765: 3094: 2281: 2273: 2265: 2206: 2157: 2087: 2079: 1918:resident in the Basque Country were the 1874: 1869: 1093: 1081: 976: 585: 567: 551: 335: 5670: 5668: 5310: 5006: 4987: 4784:. Gaindegia Association. Archived from 4746:E. Asumendi; et al., eds. (2004). 4708:. Gaindegia Association. Archived from 4582: 4509:(3rd ed.). Bilbao: Eukaltzaindia. 3895:. Other notable Basque players include 3195:Tribunal Supremo de Justicia de Navarra 3004:but it was unable to form a government. 2837:(mixed Spanish and Basque acronym for: 2286:Law school of the University of Navarre 1345:Spanish conquest of the bulk of Navarre 1335:In Navarre, the civil wars between the 1086:Horses in mountain Bianditz straddling 261:) is the name given to the home of the 14: 6912: 5239: 4830: 4828: 4616:Lizundia, José Luis (2 October 2006). 3213:, placed by the municipal government. 3205:) recently ordered the removal of the 1134:, is not certain. The Vascones around 173:20,947 km (8,088 sq mi) 6127: 6005: 5836:from the original on 5 September 2010 5047:Amerikanuak: Basques in the New World 5015: 4503:Azkue, Resurrección María de (1989). 4502: 4385:Basque Country (autonomous community) 4085:was raised to ProTeam level in 2019. 3969:, who were among 22 players that won 3860:coaching the team at various points. 3589:Basque Country national football team 3036: 2916:Parties with presence only in Navarre 2431:-PP (5 seats) in popular vote in the 1981: 1844: 300:in France, the region is home to the 5665: 5181:Esparza Zabalegi, Jose Mari (2012). 4869:. Diariodenavarra.es. Archived from 4732:(in Spanish). Bilbao: Sua Edizioak. 4447: 4281:adding citations to reliable sources 4248: 4120:captained both Biarritz and France. 3839:policy of hiring only Basque players 3713: 2952:adding citations to reliable sources 2919: 2871:People's Party of The Basque Country 2771:adding citations to reliable sources 2738: 2626:adding citations to reliable sources 2593: 2443:secured a seat in Navarre, with the 2018:adding citations to reliable sources 1985: 1922:who are notable for speaking a rare 1181:) from the 8th to the 11th century. 1059:. Some ancient place-names, such as 5974:Eusko Jaurlaritza/Basque Government 5262:Azua-El País, Félix (22 May 2018). 5185:. Euskal Editorea SL. p. 112. 5025:. Austin: University of Texas Press 4825: 4691:(in French). San Sebastián: Elkar. 3203:Tribunal Administrativo de Nafarroa 3119:Basque National Liberation Movement 3047: 2706:Union of Democrats and Independents 2531:for years. The party is defined as 2396:North American Basque Organizations 1419:traditional provinces were reshaped 707:(7,234 km²) consists of three 409:"the Basque language". Thus a more 24: 5682:. 21 November 2011. Archived from 5311:Álvarez, Jorge (31 October 2019). 4919:(19 km²), from the website of the 4019:five times. Fellow Basque cyclist 2108:identity. The language chosen for 1505:population is concentrated in the 1492:), sometimes by acts of violence ( 1323:, with Bayonne remaining the last 1288:arose in the current lands of the 25: 6936: 5997:EuskoSare Global Basque Community 5967: 4395:Carnivals from the Basque Country 4048:, and is a continuation from the 2381:Mondragón Corporación Cooperativa 1563: 972: 513:. As such it is usually known as 357:difficult to accurately translate 6082: 5337:Delacampagne, Christian (1983). 5292:. Economist.com. 6 November 2008 4369: 4355: 4253: 4191:. Related to mountaineering is 3977:developed international players 3883:) who played for Real Sociedad, 3717: 3233: 3146: 3137: 3024:, a leftist coalition formed by 3002:2019 Navarrese regional election 2924: 2869:Partido Popular del País Vasco ( 2743: 2598: 2437:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party 2352:University of the Basque Country 2309:University of the Basque Country 1990: 1667: 1657: 1630: 1620: 1386:Diccionario Geográfico Universal 1369: 1330: 269:, straddling the border between 71: 57: 6920:Basque Country (greater region) 6153: 5943: 5925: 5900: 5874: 5792: 5770: 5748: 5698: 5648: 5631: 5605: 5575: 5512: 5482: 5456: 5440: 5420: 5412:Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia: 5405: 5383: 5330: 5282: 5255: 5215: 5199: 5174: 5145: 5111: 4905: 4885: 4859: 4841:"Instituto Geográfico Nacional" 4800: 4769: 4116:, whose mother was Basque, and 2261: 1499: 1161:and language by the end of the 509:of France, and constitutes the 5589:. 18 June 2013. Archived from 5248:"La mezcla del pueblo vasco", 4777:Institut Géographique National 4661: 4635: 4609: 4556: 4531: 4496: 4469: 4098:Biarritz Olympique Pays Basque 4052:team for which Indurain ran. 3835:Spanish football league system 3762:Football in the Basque Country 3338:History of the Basque language 3075:According to Article 2 of the 2825:Spanish Socialist Worker Party 2166:following the motto coined by 2120:. In this regard, the current 1228:) fragmented into a myriad of 1184: 1138:, after much fighting against 818:. The coastal area is part of 762:Disposicion transitoria cuarta 694:Chartered Community of Navarre 632:(also current main settlement) 500:, specifically as part of the 438:('in the Basque Country') and 105:Location of the Basque Country 13: 1: 6412:Eastern and Southeastern Asia 6032:Traditional provinces of the 5121:Navarra. Historia del Euskera 4836:Instituto Geográfico Nacional 4441: 4083:Another team of the same name 3942:were especially prominent in 3751:Culture of the Basque Country 3517:Maskarada (carnival of Soule) 3287: 3184:Constitutional Court of Spain 1451:European Romantic nationalism 1292:from the 9th century onward. 5619:(in Basque). 6 November 2013 5124:(2nd ed.). Txalaparta. 4782:"The Euskal Herria Databank" 4706:"The Euskal Herria Databank" 4647:www.communaute-paysbasque.fr 3958:squads, born in the region. 3168:Spanish Constitution of 1978 3077:Spanish Constitution of 1978 2862:Partido Popular de Navarra ( 2477:(the northern equivalent of 2455:altogether) remained in the 2371:Public University of Navarre 1958:was spoken in the centre of 1201:, a blurred ethnic area and 968:History of the Basque people 449: 403:, is the adjectival form of 331: 198:150.65/km (390.2/sq mi) 7: 6052:Basque Autonomous Community 5676:"Elecciones generales 20-N" 5353:10.3917/fayar.delac.1983.01 5160:El Libro Blanco del Euskera 5097:. Pamplona-Iruña: Pamiela. 4811:. Baiona, Donostia: Elkar. 4348: 3570: 3368:Pastoral (theatre of Soule) 3043:Basque Country independence 2722:Europe Ecology – The Greens 2508:Basque Autonomous Community 2401: 2069: 1530:Basque Autonomous Community 1486:Basque Autonomous Community 1205:struggling to fend off the 1142:and Visigoths, founded the 746:The Chartered Community of 705:Basque Autonomous Community 686:Basque Autonomous Community 10: 6941: 6485:Central and Eastern Europe 5991:Basque Cultural Foundation 5428:El Libro Negro del Euskera 4314: 3998:unofficial 'national' team 3950:, and the majority of the 3759: 3748: 3216: 3098: 3040: 2849:Socialist Party of Navarre 2435:, followed closely by the 2375:Navarrese Foral Government 2137:regime of Francisco Franco 2073: 1656: 1619: 1571: 1384: 1372: 965: 961: 809: 772:In addition to those, two 511:Basque Municipal Community 363:. It can be translated as 26: 6847:Border changes since 1914 6839: 6813: 6729: 6706: 6643: 6559: 6484: 6411: 6375: 6283: 6257: 6192: 6161: 6091: 6080: 6040: 5228:29 September 2007 at the 4807:Jean Goyhenetche (1993). 4730:Euskal Herria – Un pueblo 4593:Basque-English Dictionary 4245:Traditional Basque sports 4057:strong contenders in the 3755: 3226:Culture of Basque Country 2864:People's Party of Navarre 2730:, far-right, France-wide. 2239:Basque-language schooling 2220:Historic Basque activist 1547:Most of these peoples of 830:as well. Inland areas in 217: 202: 192: 182: 177: 167: 162: 150: 132: 122: 110: 98: 87: 53: 41: 6522:unification with Moldova 6205:Turks and Caicos Islands 5989:Euskara Kultur Elkargoa- 5718:Nordberg, Ilkka (2005). 3938:At international level, 3837:. Athletic Bilbao has a 3072:in 1990, 2002 and 2006. 3052:Since the 19th century, 3016:Basque Nationalist Party 2988:Navarrese People's Union 2500:Basque Nationalist Party 2445:Basque Nationalist Party 2344:University of Valladolid 2196:Unión del Pueblo Navarro 1153:All other tribes in the 998:Franco-Cantabrian region 767:Navarrese People's Union 692:is the capital) and the 605:, main settlement today 6572:unification with Kosovo 6094:Northern Basque Country 6043:Southern Basque Country 5756:"Las caras de Batasuna" 5659:25 October 2006 at the 5642:7 December 2006 at the 5207:can be consulted online 4988:Collins, Roger (1990). 4430:Northern Basque Country 4004:which convenes rarely. 4002:own representative side 3085:amejoramiento del fuero 2433:Southern Basque Country 2183:Basque education system 2122:Standard form of Basque 1538:Northern Basque Country 1462:Southern Basque Country 1431:Southern Basque Country 1327:stronghold up to 1453. 1290:Southern Basque Country 1165:or early period of the 1031:by several tribes: the 662:Southern Basque Country 656:Southern Basque Country 616:Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port 590:Railway line in Navarre 490:Northern Basque Country 484:Northern Basque Country 418:Joan Perez de Lazarraga 298:Northern Basque Country 133:Official languages 6781:Greater Germanic Reich 6579:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5617:Daily Newspaper Berria 5162:. Euskaltzaindia. 1977 5153:"Perspectiva política" 4649:(in French and Basque) 4420:Nationalities in Spain 4226:, Spain's top league. 3779: 3252:History of the Basques 3202: 3194: 3175: 3101:ETA (separatist group) 2895:) (IUN-NEB) in Navarre 2893:United Left of Navarre 2888:) (EzAn-IU) in the BAC 2716:French Socialist Party 2287: 2279: 2271: 2225: 2170: 2093: 2085: 2055: 1960:Donostia-San Sebastián 1895:) by Basque speakers. 1437:were upheld until the 1425:department along with 1343:paved the way for the 1122:, i.e. to the west of 1099: 1091: 989: 740:Donostia-San Sebastián 614:, historical capitals 591: 583: 565: 434: 428: 422: 344: 321: 309: 286:Autonomous Communities 258: 250: 242: 6769:Annexation of Austria 5395:27 March 2012 at the 5270:(in European Spanish) 4917:La Puebla de Arganzón 4618:"Nombres y conceptos" 4457:The History of Basque 3996:The territory has an 3897:Jon Andoni Goikoetxea 3769: 3095:Euskadi Ta Askatasuna 2811:Basque Country Gather 2367:University of Navarre 2294:, founded in 1540 in 2285: 2277: 2269: 2248:French Basque Country 2231:Euskaldunon Egunkaria 2219: 2161: 2145:Roman Catholic Church 2091: 2083: 1875:Historical minorities 1870:Non-Basque minorities 1415:French Basque Country 1361:absolutist monarchies 1114:and at least part of 1097: 1085: 980: 836:Mediterranean climate 664:, known in Basque as 628:, historical capital 601:, historical capital 589: 571: 555: 515:French Basque Country 492:, known in Basque as 343:of the Basque Country 339: 6896:42.88194°N 1.91694°W 6429:annexation of Taiwan 5832:. 5 September 2010. 5290:"Spanish devolution" 4750:(in Basque). Elkar. 4597:University of Nevada 4277:improve this section 4108:have taken place at 4096:, the local club is 2948:improve this section 2767:improve this section 2710:Jean-René Etchegaray 2662:Abertzaleen Batasuna 2622:improve this section 2581:in the South and in 2385:Mondragon University 2348:University of Bilbao 2317:University of Deusto 2014:improve this section 1458:2nd Spanish Republic 1421:to form the current 1353:Henry III of Navarre 1197:rivers was known as 758:Spanish Constitution 519:Pays basque français 502:Pyrénées-Atlantiques 277:on the coast of the 184:• 2017 estimate 27:For other uses, see 6892: / 5984:Buber's Basque Page 5524:Noticias de Navarra 5494:Noticias de Navarra 5017:Lewis, Archibald R. 4900:. Pau: SNERD. 1979. 4873:on 17 February 2012 4673:(in Spanish). Lur. 4317:Basque rural sports 4015:(Navarre), won the 3975:Aviron Bayonnais FC 3579:Basque rural sports 3550:and performing arts 3326:Aquitanian language 3207:Basque coat of arms 2807:Euskal Herria Bildu 2529:Carlos Garaikoetxea 2331:'s fascist forces. 2292:University of Oñati 1408:Basque witch trials 1347:from 1512 to 1524. 1274:Kingdom of Pamplona 1144:Kingdom of Pamplona 1022:Aquitanian language 863: 792:Valle de Villaverde 411:literal translation 94:(The seven are one) 6925:Basque nationalism 6901:42.88194; -1.91694 6313:Western Azerbaijan 6247:Dominican Republic 5780:. Lavanguardia.com 5593:on 9 November 2013 5530:on 5 December 2013 5500:on 5 December 2013 5470:on 7 February 2012 5380:, Oscar Vizarraga. 5268:paralalibertad.org 4913:Condado de Treviño 4893:province of Burgos 4847:on 17 October 2009 4482:www.txalaparta.eus 4335:Harri-jasotzaileak 4173:Alberto Iñurrategi 4029:World Championship 3971:the 1998 World Cup 3944:Spanish selections 3917:Asier Illarramendi 3865:Andoni Zubizarreta 3805:. The top teams – 3780: 3729:. You can help by 3619:Biarritz Olympique 3614:Basque Rugby union 3594:Athletic de Bilbao 3107:Basque nationalist 3062:self-determination 3054:Basque nationalism 3037:Basque nationalism 2909:Elkarrekin Podemos 2567:We Basque Citizens 2563:Euskal Herritarrok 2504:Christian-democrat 2453:Spanish Parliament 2391:and nearby towns. 2288: 2280: 2272: 2226: 2171: 2164:Basque nationalism 2094: 2086: 2064:Sub-Saharan Africa 1982:Recent immigration 1976:Benjamin of Tudela 1951:Way of Saint James 1949:settled along the 1845:Metropolitan areas 1490:Basque nationalism 1466:Statute of Estella 1447:Basque nationalism 1321:Hundred Years' War 1297:Kingdom of Castile 1270:County of Vasconia 1100: 1092: 990: 861: 784:(280 km²), a 674:País Vasco español 592: 584: 566: 399:. The first part, 345: 6875: 6874: 6842:Related concepts: 6121: 6120: 5862:. 20 October 2011 5686:on 14 August 2013 5464:"Basque language" 5430:(1998) Ttarttalo 5192:978-84-936037-9-3 5104:978-84-7681-803-9 4667:See for instance 4570:. 5 November 2018 4337:(stone lifting), 4333:(wood chopping), 4313: 4312: 4305: 4206:clubs in Europe, 4181:Josune Bereziartu 4177:Juanito Oiarzabal 4054:Euskaltel–Euskadi 3913:César Azpilicueta 3747: 3746: 3712: 3711: 3316:Navarro-Aragonese 3070:Basque Parliament 3022:Izquierda-Ezkerra 3012:Yes to the Future 2984: 2983: 2976: 2901:Podemos-Ahal Dugu 2829:social-democratic 2827:(PSOE), the main 2803: 2802: 2795: 2680:Eusko Alkartasuna 2672:Euskal Herria Bai 2658: 2657: 2650: 2547:in the South and 2522:Basque Solidarity 2518:Eusko Alkartasuna 2487:2021 departmental 2425:Eusko Alkartasuna 2325:Spanish Civil War 2217: 2175:language policies 2168:Antoine d'Abaddie 2050: 2049: 2042: 1841: 1840: 1435:regional Charters 1392: 1391: 1339:and the Beaumont 1167:Early Middle Ages 1155:Iberian Peninsula 1128:Early Middle Ages 1126:territory in the 1008:and Roman writer 959: 958: 803:Petilla de Aragón 798:exclave in Biscay 794:(20 km²), a 753:Fueros of Navarre 470:'s literary work 444:Joanes Leizarraga 296:in Spain and the 231: 230: 16:(Redirected from 6932: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6902: 6897: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6888: 6885: 6826:Papua New Guinea 6148: 6141: 6134: 6125: 6124: 6086: 6026: 6019: 6012: 6003: 6002: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5939:. 15 March 2022. 5929: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5904: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5878: 5872: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5852: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5822: 5816: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5752: 5746: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5726: 5715: 5709: 5702: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5672: 5663: 5652: 5646: 5635: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5609: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5579: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5551: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5516: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5486: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5460: 5454: 5453:, Bilbao, 1983.) 5448: 5444: 5438: 5426:Torrealdi, J.M. 5424: 5418: 5409: 5403: 5387: 5381: 5373: 5367: 5366: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5317:La Brújula Verde 5308: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5259: 5253: 5246: 5237: 5219: 5213: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5157: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5076: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5041: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5013: 5004: 5003: 4985: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4947: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4927:. Archived from 4909: 4903: 4901: 4889: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4863: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4843:. Archived from 4832: 4823: 4822: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4788:on 14 March 2010 4773: 4767: 4761: 4743: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4712:on 14 March 2010 4702: 4684: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4613: 4607: 4589: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4560: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4543: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4500: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4473: 4467: 4459:Routledge: 1997 4451: 4400:Basque mythology 4379: 4374: 4373: 4372: 4365: 4360: 4359: 4358: 4308: 4301: 4297: 4294: 4288: 4257: 4249: 4229:In recent years 4122:Aviron Bayonnais 4079:David Etxebarria 3979:Stéphane Ruffier 3973:. In the 2010s, 3967:Didier Deschamps 3963:Bixente Lizarazu 3742: 3739: 3721: 3714: 3704: 3697: 3690: 3669:Gernikako Arbola 3624:Aviron Bayonnais 3609:Deportivo Alavés 3512:Saint John's Eve 3502:Basque festivals 3462:Espelette pepper 3457:Irouléguy (wine) 3442:Idiazabal cheese 3237: 3228: 3221: 3220: 3150: 3141: 3048:Political status 2979: 2972: 2968: 2965: 2959: 2928: 2920: 2798: 2791: 2787: 2784: 2778: 2747: 2739: 2653: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2633: 2602: 2594: 2336:Francisco Franco 2329:Francisco Franco 2218: 2110:public education 2058: 2045: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2025: 1994: 1986: 1972:Spanish conquest 1671: 1661: 1634: 1624: 1581: 1569: 1568: 1388:, Madrid (1953) 1370: 1305:War of the Bands 1301:Late Middle Ages 1217:from the south. 1012:, including the 864: 860: 788:enclave in Álava 543:Tardets-Sorholus 539:Mauléon-Licharre 437: 431: 425: 227: 115: 103: 75: 61: 39: 38: 21: 6940: 6939: 6935: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6930: 6929: 6910: 6909: 6900: 6898: 6894: 6891: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6878: 6876: 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5260: 5256: 5247: 5240: 5230:Wayback Machine 5220: 5216: 5209:on the website 5204: 5200: 5193: 5179: 5175: 5165: 5163: 5155: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5116: 5112: 5105: 5090: 5086: 5070: 5069: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5042: 5038: 5028: 5026: 5014: 5007: 5000: 4986: 4969: 4959: 4957: 4949: 4948: 4944: 4934: 4932: 4931:on 3 March 2016 4923: 4910: 4906: 4896: 4890: 4886: 4876: 4874: 4865: 4864: 4860: 4850: 4848: 4839: 4833: 4826: 4819: 4805: 4801: 4791: 4789: 4780: 4774: 4770: 4758: 4740: 4715: 4713: 4704: 4699: 4681: 4666: 4662: 4652: 4650: 4643:"Le territoire" 4641: 4640: 4636: 4626: 4624: 4614: 4610: 4590: 4583: 4573: 4571: 4562: 4561: 4557: 4547: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4536: 4532: 4517: 4501: 4497: 4487: 4485: 4474: 4470: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4415:List of Basques 4375: 4370: 4368: 4361: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4319: 4309: 4298: 4292: 4289: 4274: 4258: 4247: 4212:Vitoria-Gasteiz 4202:One of the top 4197:Zegama-Aizkorri 4071:Haimar Zubeldia 4063:Vuelta a España 4025:Vuelta a España 4009:Miguel Indurain 3991:Aymeric Laporte 3983:Kévin Rodrigues 3807:Athletic Bilbao 3772:Athletic Bilbao 3764: 3758: 3753: 3743: 3737: 3734: 3727:needs expansion 3708: 3679: 3678: 3639: 3638: 3629: 3628: 3574: 3573: 3562: 3561: 3552: 3551: 3532: 3531: 3492: 3491: 3482: 3481: 3467:Piquillo pepper 3407: 3406: 3388: 3387: 3378:Mus (card game) 3353: 3352: 3343: 3342: 3331:Basque surnames 3306:Basque dialects 3301:Standard Basque 3291: 3290: 3279: 3278: 3269: 3268: 3257: 3256: 3247: 3246: 3224: 3219: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3161: 3153: 3152: 3151: 3143: 3142: 3131: 3123:Basque conflict 3103: 3097: 3050: 3045: 3039: 2980: 2969: 2963: 2960: 2945: 2929: 2918: 2799: 2788: 2782: 2779: 2764: 2748: 2737: 2700:The Republicans 2694:Emmanuel Macron 2666:Patriots' Union 2654: 2643: 2637: 2634: 2619: 2603: 2592: 2533:social-democrat 2495: 2404: 2264: 2207: 2129:French Republic 2078: 2076:Basque language 2072: 2046: 2035: 2029: 2026: 2011: 1995: 1984: 1877: 1872: 1847: 1842: 1684:Vitoria-Gasteiz 1672: 1666: 1662: 1637:Vitoria-Gasteiz 1635: 1629: 1625: 1596: 1595: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1566: 1502: 1423:Basses-Pyrénées 1333: 1187: 1010:Pliny the Elder 975: 970: 964: 904:Vitoria-Gasteiz 816:oceanic climate 812: 782:Treviño enclave 720:Vitoria-Gasteiz 690:Vitoria-Gasteiz 658: 581:Basque language 556:Town of Maule ( 486: 464:Basque language 452: 440:Heuscal-Herrian 435:heuscal herrian 334: 284:Comprising the 223: 195: 185: 170: 143: 139: 118: 106: 83: 82: 81: 76: 68: 67: 62: 49: 44: 35: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6938: 6928: 6927: 6922: 6873: 6872: 6840: 6837: 6836: 6834: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6817: 6815: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6791: 6790: 6789: 6788: 6783: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6756: 6755: 6754: 6744: 6739: 6733: 6731: 6730:Western Europe 6727: 6726: 6724: 6723: 6722: 6721: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6700: 6699: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6647: 6645: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6637: 6632: 6631: 6630: 6620: 6619: 6618: 6608: 6603: 6602: 6601: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 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Spanish). 5924: 5910:(in Spanish). 5899: 5873: 5847: 5817: 5791: 5769: 5747: 5733: 5710: 5697: 5664: 5647: 5630: 5604: 5574: 5541: 5511: 5481: 5455: 5439: 5419: 5404: 5399:(in Spanish): 5382: 5368: 5361: 5329: 5303: 5281: 5254: 5238: 5214: 5211:muturzikin.com 5198: 5191: 5173: 5144: 5130: 5110: 5103: 5084: 5056: 5036: 5005: 4998: 4967: 4942: 4915:(261 km²) and 4904: 4898:Le Pays Basque 4884: 4858: 4824: 4817: 4799: 4768: 4756: 4748:Munduko Atlasa 4738: 4726:Esquiule, and 4697: 4679: 4660: 4634: 4608: 4581: 4555: 4530: 4515: 4495: 4468: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4438: 4433: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4390:Basque cuisine 4387: 4381: 4380: 4366: 4350: 4347: 4315:Main article: 4311: 4310: 4261: 4259: 4252: 4246: 4243: 4210:, is based in 4208:Saski Baskonia 4185:Patxi Usobiaga 4165:Edurne Pasaban 4157:Mountaineering 4110:Estadio Anoeta 4088:In the north, 4075:Samuel Sánchez 4059:Tour de France 4017:Tour de France 3956:1934 World Cup 3940:Basque players 3881:FIFA World Cup 3854:Howard Kendall 3833:– play in the 3770:Match between 3757: 3754: 3749:Main article: 3745: 3744: 3724: 3722: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3706: 3699: 3692: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3640: 3636: 3635: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3627: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3553: 3546: 3545: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3493: 3489: 3488: 3487: 3484: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3400: 3397: 3396: 3390: 3389: 3386: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3354: 3350: 3349: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3262: 3259: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3248: 3244: 3243: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3230: 3229: 3218: 3215: 3155: 3154: 3145: 3144: 3136: 3135: 3134: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3115:Basque culture 3099:Main article: 3096: 3093: 3049: 3046: 3038: 3035: 3034: 3033: 3019: 3005: 2991: 2982: 2981: 2932: 2930: 2923: 2917: 2914: 2913: 2912: 2898: 2897: 2896: 2889: 2884:Ezker Anitza ( 2876: 2875: 2874: 2867: 2857:People's Party 2854: 2853: 2852: 2842: 2822: 2801: 2800: 2751: 2749: 2742: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2731: 2728:National Rally 2725: 2719: 2713: 2703: 2697: 2687: 2669: 2656: 2655: 2606: 2604: 2597: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2552: 2515: 2494: 2491: 2483:2020 municipal 2403: 2400: 2263: 2260: 2141:Euskaltzaindia 2135:But under the 2118:lingua francas 2074:Main article: 2071: 2068: 2048: 2047: 1998: 1996: 1989: 1983: 1980: 1939: 1938: 1927: 1924:mixed language 1916:Kalderash Roma 1914:A subgroup of 1912: 1905: 1887:(Gypsies) and 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1838: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1821: 1820: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1713: 1712: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1655: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1639: 1617: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1583: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1567: 1565: 1564:Largest cities 1562: 1507:Greater Bilbao 1501: 1498: 1390: 1389: 1382: 1381: 1357:homogenization 1332: 1329: 1315:under English 1186: 1183: 1077:Novempopulania 974: 973:Ancient period 971: 966:Main article: 963: 960: 957: 956: 953: 950: 947: 944: 938: 937: 934: 931: 928: 925: 919: 918: 915: 912: 909: 906: 900: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 881: 880: 877: 874: 871: 868: 811: 808: 807: 806: 799: 789: 744: 743: 733: 723: 696:(capital city 657: 654: 634: 633: 623: 609: 527:arrondissement 485: 482: 451: 448: 429:eusquel erriau 355:. The name is 333: 330: 290:Basque Country 235:Basque Country 229: 228: 221: 215: 214: 204: 200: 199: 196: 194:• Density 193: 190: 189: 186: 183: 180: 179: 175: 174: 171: 168: 165: 164: 160: 159: 154: 148: 147: 134: 130: 129: 124: 120: 119: 116: 108: 107: 104: 96: 95: 85: 84: 77: 70: 69: 63: 56: 55: 54: 51: 50: 45: 43:Basque Country 42: 33: 29:Basque Country 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6937: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6908: 6905: 6870: 6869: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6855:Reunification 6852: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6818: 6816: 6812: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6777: 6776:Pan-Germanism 6774: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6765: 6762: 6761: 6760: 6757: 6753: 6750: 6749: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6728: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6715: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6705: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6653: 6652: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6642: 6636: 6633: 6629: 6626: 6625: 6624: 6621: 6617: 6614: 6613: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6573: 6570: 6569: 6568: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6558: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6530: 6527: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6483: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6430: 6427: 6426: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6376:Southern Asia 6374: 6368: 6365: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6314: 6311: 6310: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6292: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6282: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6258:South America 6256: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6224: 6223: 6222:United States 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6206: 6203: 6202: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6193:North America 6191: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6149: 6144: 6142: 6137: 6135: 6130: 6129: 6126: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6108:Lower Navarre 6106: 6104: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6075: 6072: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6054: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6044: 6039: 6035: 6027: 6022: 6020: 6015: 6013: 6008: 6007: 6004: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5952: 5946: 5938: 5934: 5928: 5913: 5909: 5903: 5887: 5883: 5877: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5821: 5805: 5803: 5795: 5779: 5773: 5757: 5751: 5736: 5734:952-10-2499-2 5730: 5723: 5722: 5714: 5707: 5701: 5685: 5681: 5680:La Vanguardia 5677: 5671: 5669: 5662: 5658: 5655: 5651: 5645: 5641: 5638: 5634: 5618: 5614: 5608: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5578: 5562: 5558: 5557: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5515: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5485: 5469: 5465: 5459: 5452: 5443: 5437: 5436:84-8091-395-9 5433: 5429: 5423: 5416: 5415: 5408: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5391: 5386: 5379: 5378: 5372: 5364: 5362:9782213011172 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5341: 5333: 5318: 5314: 5307: 5291: 5285: 5269: 5265: 5258: 5251: 5245: 5243: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5224: 5218: 5212: 5208: 5202: 5194: 5188: 5184: 5177: 5161: 5154: 5148: 5133: 5131:84-8136-062-7 5127: 5123: 5122: 5114: 5106: 5100: 5096: 5088: 5080: 5074: 5059: 5057:0-87417-625-5 5053: 5049: 5048: 5040: 5024: 5023: 5018: 5012: 5010: 5001: 4995: 4991: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4956: 4952: 4946: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4908: 4899: 4894: 4888: 4872: 4868: 4862: 4846: 4842: 4837: 4831: 4829: 4820: 4818:2-903421-34-X 4814: 4810: 4803: 4787: 4783: 4778: 4772: 4765: 4759: 4757:84-9783-128-4 4753: 4749: 4741: 4739:84-8216-083-4 4735: 4731: 4725: 4711: 4707: 4700: 4698:84-7407-091-0 4694: 4690: 4682: 4680:84-7099-415-8 4676: 4672: 4664: 4648: 4644: 4638: 4623: 4619: 4612: 4606: 4605:0-87417-126-1 4602: 4598: 4594: 4591:Aulestia, G. 4588: 4586: 4569: 4565: 4559: 4540: 4534: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4516:84-239-2550-1 4512: 4508: 4507: 4499: 4483: 4479: 4472: 4466: 4465:0-415-13116-2 4462: 4458: 4455: 4450: 4446: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4405:Basque people 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4367: 4364: 4363:France portal 4353: 4346: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4318: 4307: 4304: 4296: 4293:December 2013 4286: 4282: 4278: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4262:This section 4260: 4256: 4251: 4250: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4225: 4222:also play in 4221: 4217: 4216:Bilbao Basket 4213: 4209: 4205: 4200: 4198: 4194: 4193:trail running 4190: 4189:rock climbing 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4118:Michel Celaya 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4086: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4044:, hails from 4043: 4040: 4036: 4035:Movistar Team 4032: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4021:Abraham Olano 4018: 4014: 4010: 4005: 4003: 3999: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3952:1920 Olympics 3949: 3948:1928 Olympics 3945: 3941: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3929:Ander Herrera 3926: 3922: 3921:Andoni Iraola 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3905:Javi Martínez 3902: 3898: 3894: 3893:Bayern Munich 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3861: 3859: 3858:Jupp Heynckes 3855: 3851: 3850:John Aldridge 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3811:Real Sociedad 3808: 3804: 3799: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3752: 3741: 3732: 3728: 3725:This section 3723: 3720: 3716: 3715: 3705: 3700: 3698: 3693: 3691: 3686: 3685: 3683: 3682: 3675: 3674:Basque stella 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3641: 3633: 3632: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3599:Real Sociedad 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3584:Basque pelota 3582: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3558: 3555: 3554: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3486: 3485: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3447:Gateau Basque 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3391: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3363:Bertsolaritza 3361: 3359: 3356: 3355: 3347: 3346: 3339: 3336: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3275: 3272: 3271: 3267: 3261: 3260: 3253: 3250: 3249: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3222: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3187: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3159: 3149: 3140: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3102: 3092: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3044: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3000:. It won the 2999: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2978: 2975: 2967: 2964:December 2013 2957: 2953: 2949: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2933:This section 2931: 2927: 2922: 2921: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2899: 2894: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2865: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2851:) in Navarre. 2850: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2797: 2794: 2786: 2783:December 2013 2776: 2772: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2752:This section 2750: 2746: 2741: 2740: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2663: 2660: 2659: 2652: 2649: 2641: 2638:December 2013 2631: 2627: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2607:This section 2605: 2601: 2596: 2595: 2585:in the North. 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2553: 2551:in the North. 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2469: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2410: 2399: 2397: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2298:and moved to 2297: 2293: 2284: 2276: 2268: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2234: 2232: 2223: 2222:Txillardegi's 2205: 2203: 2198: 2197: 2191: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2176: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2130: 2125: 2123: 2119: 2113: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2098:nation-states 2090: 2082: 2077: 2067: 2065: 2060: 2057: 2044: 2041: 2033: 2030:December 2013 2023: 2019: 2015: 2009: 2008: 2004: 1999:This section 1997: 1993: 1988: 1987: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1720:San Sebastián 1718: 1715: 1714: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1675: 1674:San Sebastián 1670: 1665: 1660: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1599: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1570: 1561: 1557: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1519:Lower Navarre 1516: 1512: 1508: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1377: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1341:confederacies 1338: 1331:Modern period 1328: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1216: 1213:and Andalusi 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1182: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1159:Roman culture 1156: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1096: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 987: 983: 979: 969: 954: 951: 948: 945: 943: 940: 939: 935: 932: 929: 926: 924: 921: 920: 916: 913: 910: 907: 905: 902: 901: 897: 894: 891: 888: 886: 883: 882: 879:January (°F) 878: 876:January (°C) 875: 872: 869: 866: 865: 859: 857: 853: 849: 848:San Sebastián 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 804: 800: 797: 793: 790: 787: 783: 779: 778: 777: 775: 770: 768: 763: 759: 755: 754: 749: 741: 737: 734: 731: 727: 724: 721: 717: 714: 713: 712: 710: 706: 701: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 653: 651: 647: 643: 640:in the lower 639: 631: 627: 624: 621: 617: 613: 612:Lower Navarre 610: 608: 604: 600: 597: 596: 595: 588: 582: 578: 574: 573:San Sebastián 570: 563: 559: 554: 550: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 481: 479: 478: 473: 469: 465: 461: 460:Euskal Herria 457: 456:Basque people 447: 445: 441: 436: 430: 424: 423:eusquel erria 419: 414: 412: 408: 407: 402: 398: 397: 393: 389: 384: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 362: 358: 354: 353:Euskal Herria 350: 342: 341:Euler diagram 338: 329: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 302:Basque people 299: 295: 291: 287: 282: 280: 279:Bay of Biscay 276: 272: 268: 264: 263:Basque people 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 243:Euskal Herria 240: 236: 226: 222: 220: 216: 212: 208: 205: 201: 197: 191: 187: 181: 176: 172: 166: 161: 158: 155: 153: 149: 146: 142: 138: 135: 131: 128: 125: 121: 114: 109: 102: 97: 93: 90: 86: 80: 74: 66: 60: 52: 48: 47:Euskal Herria 40: 37: 30: 19: 18:Euskal Herria 6877: 6851:Partitionism 6845: 6844: 6841: 6398:Pashtunistan 6284:Western Asia 6217:Saint Martin 6184:South Africa 6092: 6041: 6033: 5990: 5954:. Retrieved 5945: 5927: 5917:29 September 5915:. Retrieved 5902: 5890:. Retrieved 5888:. 2 May 2018 5886:The Guardian 5885: 5876: 5864:. Retrieved 5859: 5850: 5838:. Retrieved 5829: 5820: 5808:. Retrieved 5806:. Eitb24.com 5801: 5794: 5782:. Retrieved 5772: 5760:. Retrieved 5750: 5738:. Retrieved 5720: 5713: 5700: 5688:. Retrieved 5684:the original 5679: 5650: 5633: 5621:. Retrieved 5616: 5607: 5595:. Retrieved 5591:the original 5586: 5577: 5565:. Retrieved 5560: 5555: 5532:. Retrieved 5528:the original 5523: 5514: 5502:. Retrieved 5498:the original 5493: 5484: 5472:. Retrieved 5468:the original 5458: 5450: 5447:(in Spanish) 5442: 5427: 5422: 5417:(in Spanish) 5413: 5407: 5400: 5385: 5375: 5371: 5344: 5339: 5332: 5320:. Retrieved 5316: 5306: 5294:. Retrieved 5284: 5272:. Retrieved 5267: 5257: 5249: 5217: 5210: 5201: 5182: 5176: 5164:. Retrieved 5159: 5147: 5135:. Retrieved 5120: 5113: 5094: 5087: 5061:. Retrieved 5046: 5039: 5029:15 September 5027:. Retrieved 5021: 4989: 4958:. 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