1974:. Biologists studying moose populations typically use warm-season, heat-stress thresholds of between 14 and 24 °C (57 and 75 °F). However, the minor average temperature increase of 0.83â1.11 °C (1.5â2 °F), over the last 100 years, has resulted in milder winters that induce favorable conditions for ticks, parasites and other invasive species to flourish within the southern range of moose habitat in North America. The moose population in New Hampshire fell from 7,500 in the early 2000s to a 2014 estimate of 4,000 and in Vermont the numbers were down to 2,200 from a high of 5,000 animals in 2005. Much of the decline has been attributed to the winter tick, which, between 2017 and 2019, accounted for 74% of all winter mortality and 91% of winter calf deaths in Vermont. Moose with heavy tick infections will rub their fur down to the skin raw trying to get the ticks off, making them look white when their outer coat rubs off. Locals call them ghost moose. Loss of the insulating winter coat through attempts to rid the moose of winter tick increases the risk of hypothermia in winter.
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3050:(moose). The shape of these, and the varied color of their skins, is much like roes, but in size they surpass them a little and are destitute of horns, and have legs without joints and ligatures; nor do they lie down for the purpose of rest, nor, if they have been thrown down by any accident, can they raise or lift themselves up. Trees serve as beds to them; they lean themselves against them, and thus reclining only slightly, they take their rest; when the huntsmen have discovered from the footsteps of these animals whither they are accustomed to betake themselves, they either undermine all the trees at the roots, or cut into them so far that the upper part of the trees may appear to be left standing. When they have leant upon them, according to their habit, they knock down by their weight the unsupported trees, and fall down themselves along with them.
941:, with some flattening. Most moose have antlers that are broad and palmate (flat) with tines (points) along the outer edge. Within the ecologic range of the moose in Europe, northern populations display the palmate pattern of antlers, while the antlers of European moose residing the southerly portion of its range are typically of the cervina dendritic pattern and comparatively small, perhaps due to evolutionary pressures of hunting by humans, who prize the large palmate antlers. European moose with antlers intermediate between the palmate and the dendritic form are found in the middle of the northâsouth range. Moose with antlers have more acute hearing than those without antlers; a study of trophy antlers using a microphone found that the palmate antler acts as a parabolic reflector, amplifying sound at the moose's ear.
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skin, dense, heat-retaining coat, and a low surface:volume ratio, which provides excellent cold tolerance but poor heat tolerance. Moose survive hot weather by accessing shade or cooling wind, or by immersion in cool water. In hot weather, moose are often found wading or swimming in lakes or ponds. When heat-stressed, moose may fail to adequately forage in summer and may not gain adequate body fat to survive the winter. Also, moose cows may not calve without adequate summer weight gain. Moose require access to both young forest for browsing and mature forest for shelter and cover. Forest disturbed by fire and logging promotes the growth of fodder for moose. Moose also require access to mineral licks, safe places for calving and aquatic feeding sites.
3068:... there is, also, the moose, which strongly resembles our steers, except that it is distinguished by the length of the ears and of the neck. There is also the achlis, which is produced in the land of Scandinavia; it has never been seen in this city, although we have had descriptions of it from many persons; it is not unlike the moose, but has no joints in the hind leg. Hence, it never lies down, but reclines against a tree while it sleeps; it can only be taken by previously cutting into the tree, and thus laying a trap for it, as otherwise, it would escape through its swiftness. Its upper lip is so extremely large, for which reason it is obliged to go backwards when grazing; otherwise, by moving onwards, the lip would get doubled up.
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them less preferred as prey to the wolves. Moose are fully capable of killing bears and wolves. In one rare event, a female moose killed two adult male wolves. A moose of either sex that is confronted by danger may let out a loud roar, more resembling that of a predator than a prey animal. European moose are often more aggressive than North
American moose, such as the moose in Sweden, which often become very agitated at the sight of a predator. However, like all ungulates known to attack predators, the more aggressive individuals are always darker in color, with the darkest coloring usually in areas facing the opponent, thus serving as a natural warning to other animals.
1232:. Moose are thus attracted to marshes and river banks during warmer months as both provide suitable vegetation to eat and water to wet themselves in. Moose have been known to dive over 5.5 metres (18 ft) to reach plants on lake bottoms, and the complex snout may assist the moose in this type of feeding. Moose are the only deer that are capable of feeding underwater. As an adaptation for feeding on plants underwater, the nose is equipped with fatty pads and muscles that close the nostrils when exposed to water pressure, preventing water from entering the nose. Other species can pluck plants from the water too, but these need to raise their heads in order to swallow.
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animals with highly flexible joints and sharp, pointed hooves, and are capable of kicking with both front and back legs. Unlike other large, hoofed mammals, such as horses, moose can kick in all directions, including sideways. Thus, there is no safe side from which to approach. Moose often give warning signs prior to attacking, displaying aggression by means of body language. Maintained eye contact is usually the first sign of aggression, while laid-back ears or a lowered head is a sign of agitation. When the hairs on the back of the moose's neck and shoulders (
1983:
874:. The tail is short (6 cm to 8 cm in length) and vestigial in appearance; unlike other ungulates the moose tail is too short to swish away insects. Males (or "bulls") normally weigh from 380 to 700 kg (838 to 1,543 lb) and females (or "cows") typically weigh 200 to 490 kg (441 to 1,080 lb), depending on racial or clinal as well as individual age or nutritional variations. The head-and-body length is 2.4â3.1 m (7 ft 10 in â 10 ft 2 in), with the vestigial tail adding only a further 5â12 cm (2â
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to escape once it fell in. The pits are normally found in large groups, crossing the moose's regular paths and stretching over several km. Remains of wooden fences designed to guide the animals toward the pits have been found in bogs and peat. In Norway, an early example of these trapping devices has been dated to around 3700 BC. Trapping elk in pits is an extremely effective hunting method. As early as the 16th century the
Norwegian government tried to restrict their use; nevertheless, the method was in use until the 19th century.
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1087:(vestigial digits), corresponding to the second and fifth toe. The hoof of the fourth digit is broader than that of the third digit, while the inner hoof of the third digit is longer than that of the fourth digit. This foot configuration may favor striding on soft ground. The moose hoof splays under load, increasing surface area, which limits sinking of the moose foot into soft ground or snow, and which increases efficiency when swimming. The body weight per footprint surface area of the moose foot is intermediate between that of the
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blood vessels in the skin covering, which contains numerous hair follicles that give it a 'velvet' texture." This requires intense grazing on a highly-nutritious diet. By
September the velvet is removed by rubbing and thrashing which changes the colour of the antlers. Immature bulls may not shed their antlers for the winter, but retain them until the following spring. Birds, carnivores and rodents eat dropped antlers as they are full of protein and moose themselves will eat antler velvet for the nutrients.
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2237:. This area is considered a less than suitable habitat, and subsequent low numbers of sightings and kills have led to some presumption of this population's failure. The last proven sighting of a moose in New Zealand was in 1952. However, a moose antler was found in 1972, and DNA tests showed that hair collected in 2002 was from a moose. There has been extensive searching, and while automated cameras failed to capture photographs, evidence was seen of bedding spots, browsing, and antler marks.
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boreal forest, there was some concern that bison would compete with moose for winter habitat, and thereby worsen the population decline of moose. However, this does not appear to be a problem. Moose prefer sub-alpine shrublands in early winter, while bison prefer wet sedge valley meadowlands in early winter. In late winter, moose prefer river valleys with deciduous forest cover or alpine terrain above the tree line, while bison preferred wet sedge meadowlands or sunny southern grassy slopes.
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1043:, moose are more likely to develop perukes, rather than cactus antlers, than the more developed cervine deer, but unlike roe deer, moose do not suffer fatal decalcification of the skull as a result of peruke growth, but rather can support their continued growth until they become too large to be fully supplied with blood. The distinctive-looking perukes (often referred to as "devil's antlers") are the source of several myths and legends among many groups of
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2690:. Ussuri elk are different from other elk subspecies in that their antler size is much smaller, or they lack antlers entirely. Even adult bulls' antlers are small and cervine, with little palmation. The smallest subspecies in both Eurasia and the world, with both males and females standing only 1.65 to 1.85 m (5 ft 5 in to 6 ft 1 in) at the shoulder and weighing between 200 and 350 kg (441 and 772 lb).
1392:) are also known to prey on moose of various sizes and are the only predator besides the wolf to attack moose both in Eurasia and North America. In Western Russia, moose provide about 15% annual estimated dietary energy content for brown bears and are the most important food source for these predators during spring. However, Brown bears are more likely to scavenge a wolf kill or to take young moose than to hunt adult moose on their own.
1619:, moose may charge. Also, as with bears or most wild animals, moose accustomed to being fed by people may act aggressively when denied food. During the fall mating season, bulls may be aggressive toward humans. Cows are protective of young calves and will attack humans who come close, especially if they come between mother and calf. Moose are not territorial, do not view humans as food, and usually will not pursue humans who run away.
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892:), which can stand over 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) at the shoulder, has a span across the antlers of 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) and averages 634.5 kg (1,399 lb) in males and 478 kg (1,054 lb) in females. Typically, however, the antlers of a mature bull are between 1.2 and 1.5 m (3 ft 11 in and 4 ft 11 in). The largest confirmed size for this species was a bull shot at the
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moose may last seconds, though sometimes they can be drawn out for days with adults. Sometimes, wolves will chase moose into shallow streams or onto frozen rivers, where their mobility is greatly impeded. Moose will sometimes stand their ground and defend themselves by charging at the wolves or lashing out at them with their powerful hooves. Wolves typically kill moose by tearing at their haunches and
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2347:. However, the rest of its skull structure, skeletal structure and teeth bore strong resemblance to those features that are unmistakable in modern moose, indicating a similar diet. Its antlers consisted of a horizontal bar 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) long, with no tines, ending in small palmations. Its skull and neck structure suggest an animal that fought using high-speed impacts, much like the
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1536:. During this time both sexes will call to each other. Males produce heavy grunting sounds that can be heard from up to 500 metres (1,600 ft) away, while females produce wail-like sounds. Males will fight for access to females. Initially, the males assess which of them is dominant and one bull may retreat, however, the interaction can escalate to a fight using their antlers.
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landscapes into the northern range of moose, allowing deer to become populous in areas where they were not previously common. This encroachment by deer on moose habitat brought moose into contact with previously unfamiliar pathogens, including brainworm and liver fluke, and these parasites are believed to have contributed to the population decline of moose.
1201:, but have eight sharp incisors on the lower jaw. They also have a tough tongue, lips and gums, which aid in the eating of woody vegetation. Moose have six pairs of large, flat molars and, ahead of those, six pairs of premolars, to grind up their food. A moose's upper lip is very sensitive, to help distinguish between fresh shoots and harder twigs, and is
2458:) in 2011, Wisconsin, 20â40 (close to its border with Michigan) in 2003, Minnesota 5600 in its northeast in 2010, and under 100 in its northwest in 2009; North Dakota closed, due to low moose population, one of its moose-hunting geographic units in 2011, and issued 162 single-kill licenses to hunters, each restricted to one of the remaining nine units.
1424:) are the moose's only confirmed marine predator as they have been known to prey on moose and other deer swimming between islands out of North America's Northwest Coast. However, such kills are rare and a matter of opportunity, as moose are not a regular part of the orca diet. There is at least one recorded instance of a moose being scavenged by a
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3461:. Such proposals remained unimplemented, mainly because the extensive hunting for moose that was deregulated in the 1790s nearly drove it to extinction. While there have been documented cases of individual moose being used for riding and/or pulling carts and sleds, Björklöf concludes no wide-scale usage has occurred outside fairy tales.
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declining in eastern North
American forests, as this likely leads to increased predation. An alternate hypotheses among biologists for generalized, nonhunting declines in moose populations at the southern extent of their range is increasing heat stress brought on by the rapid seasonal temperature upswings as a result of
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the mother until just before the next young are born. The life span of an average moose is about 15â25 years. Moose populations are stable at 25 calves for every 100 cows at 1 year of age. With availability of adequate nutrition, mild weather, and low predation, moose have a huge potential for population expansion.
2194:, home to the largest moose on the planet. Kamchatka now regularly is responsible for the largest trophy moose shot around the world each season. As it is a fertile environment for moose, with a milder climate, less snow, and an abundance of food, moose quickly bred and settled along the valley of the
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took a great toll on moose, forcing them to near extinction, they are protected, but enforcement of the policy is weak and demand for traditional medicines derived from deer parts is high. In 1978, the
Regional Hunting Department transported 45 young moose to the center of Kamchatka. These moose were
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in the south. The moose has been extinct in much of the eastern U.S. for as long as 150 years, due to colonial era overhunting and destruction of its habitat: Dutch, French, and
British colonial sources all attest to its presence in the mid 17th century from Maine south to areas within 160 kilometers
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After expanding for most of the 20th century, the moose population of North
America has been in steep decline since the 1990s. Populations expanded greatly with improved habitat and protection, but now the moose population is declining rapidly. This decline has been attributed to opening of roads and
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Moose warning signs are used on roads in regions where there is a danger of collision with the animal. The triangular warning signs common in Sweden, Norway, and
Finland have become coveted souvenirs among tourists traveling in these countries, causing road authorities so much expense that the moose
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Cadmium intake has been found to be elevated amongst all consumers of moose meat, though the meat was found to contribute only slightly to the daily cadmium intake. However the consumption of moose liver or kidneys significantly increased cadmium intake, with the study revealing that heavy consumers
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or some combination thereof". Some scientists believe that this artificial inflation of game populations is actually detrimental to both caribou and moose populations as well as the ecosystem as a whole. This is because studies have shown that when these game populations are artificially boosted, it
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and the
Benelux nations). Population increasing and regaining territory. Males weigh about 320 to 475 kg (705 to 1,047 lb) and females weigh 275 to 375 kg (606 to 827 lb) in this mid-sized subspecies. Shoulder height ranges from 1.7 to 2.1 m (5 ft 7 in to 6 ft
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Moose require habitat with adequate edible plants (e.g., pond grasses, young trees and shrubs), cover from predators, and protection from extremely hot or cold weather. Moose travel among different habitats with the seasons to address these requirements. Moose are cold-adapted mammals with thickened
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Moose cows are more likely to emit protest moans when courted by small males. This attracts the attention of large males, promotes male-male competition and violence, reduces harassment of cows by small males, and increases mating opportunities with large males. This in turn means that the cow moose
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The antlers of mature
Alaskan adult bull moose (5 to 12 years old) have a normal maximum spread greater than 200 centimeters (79 in). By the age of 13, moose antlers decline in size and symmetry. The widest spread recorded was 210 centimeters (83 in) across. An Alaskan moose also holds the
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used for hunting moose. These pits, which can be up to 4 m Ă 7 m (13 ft Ă 23 ft) in area and 2 m (6 ft 7 in) deep, would have been camouflaged with branches and leaves. They would have had steep sides lined with planks, making it impossible for the moose
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Moose often show aggression to other animals as well, especially predators. Bears are common predators of moose calves and, rarely, adults. Alaskan moose have been reported to successfully fend off attacks from both black and brown bears. Moose have been known to stomp attacking wolves, which makes
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Research into moose predation suggests that their response to perceived threats is learned rather than instinctual. In practical terms this means moose are more vulnerable in areas where wolf or bear populations were decimated in the past but are now rebounding. These same studies suggest, however,
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or old age. These deformed antlers are composed of living bone which is still growing or able to grow, since testosterone is needed to stop antler growth; they may take one of two forms. "Cactus antlers" or velericorn antlers usually retain the approximate shape of a normal moose's antlers but have
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Moose avoid areas with little or no snow as this increases the risk of predation by wolves and avoid areas with deep snow, as this impairs mobility. Thus, moose select habitat on the basis of trade-offs between risk of predation, food availability, and snow depth. With reintroduction of bison into
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Female moose have an eight-month gestation period, usually bearing one calf, or twins if food is plentiful, in May or June. Twinning can run as high as 30% to 40% with good nutrition Newborn moose have fur with a reddish hue in contrast to the brown appearance of an adult. The young will stay with
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In some areas, moose are the primary source of food for wolves. Moose usually flee upon detecting wolves. Wolves usually follow moose at a distance of 100 to 400 meters (300 to 1,300 ft), occasionally at a distance of two to three kilometers (1 to 2 mi). Attacks from wolves against young
1225:, among many others. To reach high branches, a moose may bend small saplings down, using its prehensile lip, mouth or body. For larger trees a moose may stand erect and walk upright on its hind legs, allowing it to reach branches up to 4.26 meters (14 ft 0 in) or higher above the ground.
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Moose are unpredictable. They are most likely to attack if annoyed or harassed, or if approached too closely. A moose that has been harassed may vent its anger on anyone in the vicinity, and they often do not make distinctions between their tormentors and innocent passersby. Moose are very limber
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Bull moose have antlers like other members of the deer family. The size and growth rate of antlers is determined by diet and age. Size and symmetry in the number of antler points signals bull moose health and cows may select mates based on antler size and symmetry. Bull moose use their antlers to
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infestations. Predation of moose calves by brown bear is also significant. Landscape change from salvage logging of forest damage caused by the mountain pine beetle has resulted in greater foraging in logged areas by female moose, and this is the lead hypothesis as to why the moose population is
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or bell, which is a fold of skin under the chin. Its exact function is unknown, but some morphologic analyses suggest a cooling (thermoregulatory) function. Other theories include a fitness signal in mating, as a visual and olfactory signal, or as a dominance signal by males, as are the antlers.
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After the mating season males drop their antlers to conserve energy for the winter. A new set of antlers will then regrow in the spring. Antlers take three to five months to fully develop, making them one of the fastest growing animal organs. Antler growth is "nourished by an extensive system of
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recommended that motorists use caution between dusk and dawn because that is when moose are most active and most difficult to see, increasing the risk of collisions. Local moose sightings are often reported on radio stations so that motorists can take care while driving in particular areas. An
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a moose. Wolf packs primarily target calves and elderly animals, but can and will take healthy, adult moose. Moose between the ages of two and eight are seldom killed by wolves. Though moose are usually hunted by packs, there are cases in which single wolves have successfully killed healthy,
1194:, which while lower in energy content, provide the moose with its sodium requirements. In winter, moose are often drawn to roadways, to lick salt that is used as a snow and ice melter. A typical moose, weighing 360 kg (794 lb), can eat up to 32 kg (71 lb) of food per day.
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in September 1897 that weighed 820 kg (1,808 lb) and measured 2.33 m (7 ft 8 in) high at the shoulder. There have been reported cases of even larger moose, including a bull killed in 2004 that weighed 1,043 kg (2,299 lb), and a bull that reportedly scaled
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hairs. Hair length and hair density varies according to season, age, and body region. The coat has two layersâa top layer of long guard hairs and a soft wooly undercoat. The guard hairs are hollow and filled with air for better insulation, which also helps them stay afloat when swimming.
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near the Adirondack Mountains. Population increasing. This is a fairly small-bodied subspecies, females weighing an average of 270 kg (595 lb), males weighing an average of 365 kg (805 lb) and males standing up to approximately 2 m (6.6 ft) at the shoulder.
992:, he will shed his current set of antlers within two weeks and then immediately begin to grow a new set of misshapen and deformed antlers that he will wear the rest of his life without ever shedding again; similarly deformed antlers can result from a deficiency of testosterone caused by
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In Sweden, no fall menu is without a mouthwatering moose dish. The Swedes fence their highways to reduce moose fatalities and design moose-proof cars. Sweden is less than half as large as the Canadian province of British Columbia, but the annual take of moose in Sweden—upward of
1284:, and feeding it to a moose can be fatal. The moose's varied and complex diet is typically expensive for humans to provide, and free-range moose require a lot of forested hectarage for sustainable survival, which is one of the main reasons moose have never been widely domesticated.
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and the later 1958 reintroduction in Belarus), but political complications limited the ability to reintroduce it to other portions of its range. Attempts in 1930 and again in 1967 in marshland north of Berlin were unsuccessful. At present in Poland, populations are recorded in the
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MĂĄrquez, Samuel, Anthony S. Pagano, Carrie S. Mongle, Kurt H. Albertine, and Jeffrey T. Laitman. "The Nasal Complex of a Semiaquatic Artiodactyl, the Moose (Alces alces): Is it a Good Evolutionary Model for the Ancestors of Cetaceans?." The Anatomical Record 302, no. 5 (2019):
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WĂŒnschmann, Arno; Armien, Anibal G.; Butler, Erika; Schrage, Mike; Stromberg, Bert; Bender, Jeff B.; Firshman, Anna M.; Carstensen, Michelle (1 January 2015). "NECROPSY FINDINGS IN 62 OPPORTUNISTICALLY COLLECTED FREE-RANGING MOOSE (ALCES ALCES) FROM MINNESOTA, USA (2003â13)".
820:; however, without any living animals around to serve as a reference, the meaning became rather vague, and by the 17th century "elk" had a meaning similar to "large deer". Dictionaries of the 18th century simply described "elk" as a deer that was "as large as a horse".
5014:
Ogurtsov, Sergey S.; Khapugin, Anatoliy A.; Zheltukhin, Anatoliy S.; Fedoseeva, Elena B.; Antropov, Alexander V.; Mar Delgado, MarĂa del; Penteriani, Vincenzo (11 January 2024). "Brown bear food habits in natural and human-modified landscapes in West-European Russia".
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offer little protection. In collisions with higher vehicles (such as trucks), most of the deformation is to the front of the vehicle and the passenger compartment is largely spared. Moose collisions have prompted the development of a vehicle test referred to as the
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in Utah in the first half of the twentieth century. This is the southernmost naturally established moose population in the United States. In 1978, a few breeding pairs were reintroduced in western Colorado, and the state's moose population is now more than 2,400.
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The moose proboscis is distinctive among living cervids due to its large size; it also features nares that can be sealed shut when the moose is browsing aquatic vegetation. The moose proboscis likely evolved as an adaptation to aquatic browsing, with loss of the
1063:, and development of a superior olfactory column separate from an inferior respiratory column. This separation contributes to the moose's keen sense of smell, which they employ to detect water sources, to find food under snow, and to detect mates or predators.
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and is capable of consuming many types of plant or fruit. The average adult moose needs to consume 96 megajoules (23,000 kilocalories) per day to maintain its body weight. Much of a moose's energy is derived from terrestrial vegetation, mainly consisting of
1532:, mature bulls will cease feeding completely for a period of approximately two weeks; this fasting behavior has been attributed to neurophysiological changes related to redeployment of olfaction for detection of moose urine and moose cows. The males are
3172:
Boosting moose populations in Alaska for hunting purposes is one of the reasons given for allowing aerial or airborne methods to remove wolves in designated areas, e.g., Craig Medred: "A kill of 124 wolves would thus translate to 1488 moose or 2976
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had many striking differences from its modern descendants. It had a longer, narrower snout and a less-developed nasal cavity, more resembling that of a modern deer, lacking any sign of the modern moose-snout. Its face resembled that of the modern
3302:, collisions between automobiles and moose are frequent enough that all new highways have fences to prevent moose from accessing the road, as has long been done in Finland, Norway, and Sweden. A demonstration project, Highway 7 between
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In Sweden, there was a debate in the late 18th century about the national value of using the moose as a domestic animal. Among other things, the moose was proposed to be used in postal distribution, and there was a suggestion to develop a
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again (typically 18 months after the birth of a calf). At this point, the cow chases their calf away. Although generally slow-moving and sedentary, moose can become defensively aggressive, and move very quickly if angered or startled.
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NiedziaĆkowska, Magdalena; Neumann, Wiebke; Borowik, Tomasz; KoĆodziej-SobociĆska, Marta; Malmsten, Jonas; Arnemo, Jon M.; Ericsson, Göran (2020). "Moose Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)". In HacklĂ€nder, Klaus; Zachos, Frank E. (eds.).
2419:, probably somewhere in East Asia, with the earliest fossils of the species in Europe dating to the early Late Pleistocene. The modern moose only arrived in North America around 15,000 years ago, at the end of the Late Pleistocene.
1853:, moose had gone extinct by 1870, but re-colonized the state in the 1960s, with the population expanding from Vermont and New Hampshire; by 2010, the population was estimated at 850â950. Moose reestablished populations in eastern
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combined, but usually with only minor consequences. In the Americas, moose injure more people than any other wild mammal; worldwide, only hippopotamuses injure more. When harassed or startled by people or in the presence of a
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Pagano, Anthony Santino, Jeffrey T. Laitman, Kurt Albertine, and Samuel Marquez. "Evolution of the proboscis in the moose, Alces alces: Evidence from Morphology and Ecology." The FASEB Journal 33, no. 1_supplement (2019):
2872:. The largest subspecies in North America and the world and the largest living deer in the world; the largest one shot on record weighed 820 kg (1,808 lb), and was 2.33 m (7.6 ft) tall at the shoulder.
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1276:, moose carefully select foods with less fiber and more concentrations of nutrients. Thus, the moose's digestive system has evolved to accommodate this relatively low-fiber diet. Unlike most hooved, domesticated animals (
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The male's antlers grow as cylindrical beams projecting on each side of the head at right angles to the midline of the skull, and then fork. The lower prong of this fork may be either simple, or divided into two or three
1805:'s history is very well documented: moose meat was a staple in the diet of indigenous peoples for centuries. The common name "moose" was brought into English from the word used by those who lived in present day coastal
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In Ontario, Canada, an estimated 265 moose die each year as a result of collision with trains. Mooseâtrain collisions were more frequent in winters with above-average snowfall. In January 2008, the Norwegian newspaper
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On average, an adult moose stands 1.4â2.1 m (4 ft 7 in â 6 ft 11 in) high at the shoulder, which is more than 30 centimetres (1 ft) higher than the next-largest deer on average, the
952:) antlers are usually larger than those of Eurasian moose and have two lobes on each side, like a butterfly. Eurasian moose antlers resemble a seashell, with a single lobe on each side. In the North Siberian moose (
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Vahteristo, L., LyytikÀinen, T., VenÀlÀinen, E. R., Eskola, M., Lindfors, E., Pohjanvirta, R., & Maijala, R. (2003). Cadmium intake of moose hunters in Finland from consumption of moose meat, liver and kidney.
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breed of the common moose in which the antlers are simpler and recall those of the East Siberian animals. The palmation appears to be more marked in North American moose than in the typical Scandinavian moose.
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Since the 1980s, however, moose populations have rebounded, thanks to regrowth of plentiful food sources, abandonment of farmland, better land management, clean-up of pollution, and natural dispersal from the
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Thermal image of a cow moose in the winter. Her thick, coarse fur with hollow hairs only measures an average of 8.3 °C (15 °F) above the ambient temperature of â23 °C (â9 °F), showing low heat-loss.
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2115:. It has migrated into other parts of Eastern Europe and has been spotted in eastern and southern Germany. Unsuccessful thus far in recolonizing these areas via natural dispersal from source populations in
7121:
7180:
1476:
Moose typically carry a heavy burden of parasites, both externally and internally. Parasitosis is an important cause of moose morbidity and mortality and also contributes to vulnerability to predators.
6059:
Dussault, Christian, JeanâPierre Ouellet, RĂ©haume Courtois, Jean Huot, Laurier Breton, and HĂ©lĂšne Jolicoeur. "Linking moose habitat selection to limiting factors." Ecography 28, no. 5 (2005): 619-628.
8983:
1949:
regions. The exact causes of specific die-offs are not determined, but most documented mortality events were due to wolf predation, bacterial infection due to injuries sustained from predators, and
3269:). A Massachusetts study found that mooseâvehicular collisions had a very high human fatality rate and that such collisions caused the death of 3% of the Massachusetts moose population annually.
1825:(100 mi) of present-day Manhattan. However, by the 1870s, only a handful of moose existed in this entire region in very remote pockets of forest; less than 20% of suitable habitat remained.
5542:
Rolandsen, Christer M.; Madslien, Knut; Ytrehus, BjĂžrnar; Hamnes, Inger Sofie; Solberg, Erling J.; Mysterud, Atle; VikĂžren, Turid; VĂ„ge, JĂžrn; Hanssen, Oddvar; Miller, Andrea L. (August 2021).
6848:
Brockman, Christopher J., William B. Collins, Jeffery M. Welker, Donald E. Spalinger, and Bruce W. Dale. "Determining kill rates of ungulate calves by brown bears using neck-mounted cameras."
2723:. The largest subspecies in Eurasia. Males can grow up to 2.15 m (7 ft 1 in) tall and weigh between 500 and 725 kg (1,102 and 1,598 lb); females are somewhat smaller.
8880:
Hamr, Joe, Mike Hall, and Jesse N. Popp. "AN ASSESSMENT OF MOOSE AND ELK TRAIN COLLISIONS IN ONTARIO, CANADA." Alces: A Journal Devoted to the Biology and Management of Moose 55 (2019): 1-12.
8156:
8800:
Zeller, Katherine A.; Wattles, David W.; DeStefano, Stephen (2018). "Incorporating Road Crossing Data into Vehicle Collision Risk Models for Moose (Alces americanus) in Massachusetts, USA".
8659:
Glooschenko, V.; Downes, C.; Frank, R.; Braun, H.E.; Addison, E.M.; Hickie, J. (June 1988). "Cadmium levels in Ontario moose and deer in relation to soil sensitivity to acid precipitation".
5303:
2098:
By the early 20th century, the last strongholds of the European moose appeared to be in Fennoscandian areas and patchy tracts of Russia, with a few migrants found in what is now Estonia and
3022:
have yielded moose antlers in wooden hut remains from 6000 BCE, indicating some of the earliest moose hunting in northern Europe. In northern Scandinavia one can still find remains of
1816:
The historical range of the subspecies extended from well into Quebec, the Maritimes, and Eastern Ontario south to include all of New England finally ending in the very northeastern tip of
1157:
2351:, rather than locking and twisting antlers the way modern moose combat. Their long legs and bone structure suggest an animal that was adapted to running at high speeds over rough terrain.
3291:
estimated that some 13,000 moose had died in collisions with Norwegian trains since 2000. The state agency in charge of railroad infrastructure (Jernbaneverket) plans to spend 80 million
7872:
6414:
Nadeau, M. Steven; DeCesare, Nicholas J.; Brimeyer, Douglas G.; Bergman, Eric J.; Harris, Richard B.; Hersey, Kent R.; Huebner, Kari K.; Matthews, Patrick E.; Thomas, Timothy P. (2017).
1525:. They are generally solitary with the strongest bonds between mother and calf. Although moose rarely gather in groups, there may be several in close proximity during the mating season.
1205:, for grasping their food. In the summer, moose may use this prehensile lip for grabbing branches and pulling, stripping the entire branch of leaves in a single mouthful, or for pulling
3295:
to reduce collision rate in the future by fencing the railways, clearing vegetation from near the tracks, and providing alternative snow-free feeding places for the animals elsewhere.
1228:
Moose are excellent swimmers and are known to wade into water to eat aquatic plants. This trait serves a second purpose in cooling down the moose on summer days and ridding itself of
8344:
6920:
4831:
Water is definitely one of the preferred elements in the habitat of moose. When feeding on submerged aquatic vegetation they occasionally dive for plants in water over 18 feet deep.
6792:
646:, the moose's diet consists of both terrestrial and aquatic vegetation, depending on the season, with branches, twigs and dead wood making up a large portion of their winter diet.
7549:
3310:, which has one of the highest frequencies of moose collisions in the province, did not have these fences until 2008, although it was and continues to be extremely well signed.
7853:
7092:
4236:
2063:
from the end of the last Ice Age, as Europe had a mix of temperate boreal and deciduous forest. Up through Classical times, the species was certainly thriving in both Gaul and
8616:
7408:
7724:
6609:
5214:
Scrafford, Matthew A., and Mark S. Boyce. "Temporal patterns of wolverine (Gulo gulo luscus) foraging in the boreal forest." Journal of Mammalogy 99, no. 3 (2018): 693-701.
7147:
5923:
Bowyer, R. Terry; Rachlow, Janet L.; Stewart, Kelley M.; Van Ballenberghe, Victor (December 2011). "Vocalizations by Alaskan moose: female incitation of male aggression".
1872:
region, but strays, primarily immature males, have been found as far south as eastern Iowa. For unknown reasons, the moose population is declining rapidly in the Midwest.
7378:
2843:. A middle-sized subspecies that weighs 340 to 420 kg (750 to 926 lb) in adult females and 450 to 500 kg (992 to 1,102 lb) in adult males on average.
5135:
4361:
8265:
5640:
2067:, as it appears in military and hunting accounts of the age. However, as the Roman era faded into medieval times, the beast slowly disappeared: soon after the reign of
6724:
6865:
Francis, Alexandra L.; Procter, Chris; Kuzyk, Gerald; Fisher, Jason T. (January 2021). "Female Moose Prioritize Forage Over Mortality Risk in Harvested Landscapes".
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6126:
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8102:
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has most of the population with a 2012 headcount of about 76,000 moose. Dispersals from Maine over the years have resulted in healthy, growing populations each in
6667:
6069:
Jung, Thomas S.; Czetwertynski, Sophie M.; Schmiegelow, Fiona K. A. (2018). "Boreal forest titans do not clash: low overlap in winter habitat selection by moose (
7170:
7114:
4341:
1156:
7977:
6995:
Rempel, Robert S. (September 24, 2011). "Effects of climate change on moose populations: Exploring the response horizon through biometric and systems models".
6547:
6492:
9010:
8080:
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Keller, Anna, Marcus Clauss, Evelyne Muggli, and Karl Nuss. "Even-toed but uneven in length: the digits of artiodactyls." Zoology 112, no. 4 (2009): 270-278.
1588:
960:) this branch usually expands into a broad palmation, with one large tine at the base and a number of smaller snags on the free border. There is, however, a
6158:
5501:
Debow, Jacob; Blouin, Joshua; Rosenblatt, Elias; Alexander, Cedric; Gieder, Katherina; Cottrell, Walter; Murdoch, James; Donovan, Therese (September 2021).
3201:, with the result that consumption of these organs from moose more than one year old is prohibited in Finland. As a result of a study reported in 1988, the
1745:. This massive range, containing diverse habitats, contains four of the six North American subspecies. In the West, moose populations extend across Canada (
8976:
8131:
6518:
6332:
5364:
3205:
recommended against the consumption of moose and deer kidneys and livers. Levels of cadmium were found to be considerably higher than in Scandinavia. The
2385:
was the largest deer known to have ever existed, standing more than 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) tall at the shoulders. This is bigger than even the
7938:
9137:
8749:
7030:
Debow, Jacob; Blouin, Joshua; Rosenblatt, Elias; Alexander, Cedric; Gieder, Katherina; Cottrell, Walter; Murdoch, James; Donovan, Therese (2021-08-02).
6358:
3587:
6827:
4957:
2389:, which was 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) tall at the shoulders. Its antlers were smaller than the Irish elk's, but comparable in size to those of
9084:
5457:"Larver av nÀsstyngfluga i ögat - ovanligt men allvarligt problem. Fall av human oftalmomyiasis frÄn Dalarna och sydöstra Finland redovisas (summary)"
4462:
2083:
until the 9th century as the marshlands in the latter were drained and the forests were cleared away for feudal lands in the former. It was gone from
1408:) can be significant predators of moose calves in May and June and can, in rare instances, prey on adults (mainly cows rather than the larger bulls).
4870:
2436:: There are an estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 moose, with 150,000 in Newfoundland in 2007 descended from just four that were introduced in the 1900s.
2150:. The moose disappeared as a breeding species from Denmark about 4,500 years ago (in the last century, a very small number have lived for periods in
1416:) are most likely to eat moose as carrion but have killed moose, including adults, when the large ungulates are weakened by harsh winter conditions.
8637:
8164:
4418:
Telfer, Edmund S., and John P. Kelsall. "Adaptation of some large North American mammals for survival in snow." Ecology 65, no. 6 (1984): 1828-1834.
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2451:
Rocky Mountain states: Wyoming is said to have the largest share in its six-state region, and its Fish and Game Commission estimated 7,692 in 2009.
6571:
6035:
14371:
8459:
6590:
4908:
7869:
5118:. A Selection of Papers from the Fifth International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, February 1980: 40â44.
2480:: In 2009, there were a winter population of around 120,000. In 2015 31,131 moose were shot. In 1999, a record number of 39,422 moose were shot.
8596:
2522:: Summer population is estimated to be 300,000â400,000. Around 100,000 are shot each fall. About 10,000 are killed in traffic accidents yearly.
7895:
5849:
1213:, or aquatic plants up by the base, roots and all. A moose's diet often depends on its location, but they seem to prefer the new growths from
14449:
14410:
13779:
9059:
8050:
7829:
5224:
4429:
2393:. However, the antlers had a shorter horizontal bar and larger palmations, more resembling those of a modern moose. Probably sometime in the
7605:
3441:
moose as of 2003. Although at this stage the farm is not expected to be a profit-making enterprise, it obtains some income from the sale of
3240:. In a collision, the impact crushes the front roof beams and individuals in the front seats. Collisions of this type are frequently fatal;
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8182:
8023:
5720:
5051:
2051:
on up through the borders with Finland south towards the border with Estonia, Belarus and Ukraine and stretching far away eastwards to the
9030:
8243:
6912:
8545:
6784:
3989:
2381:
have been found across Eurasia. Like its descendants, it inhabited mostly northern latitudes, and was probably well-adapted to the cold.
8890:
8317:
7916:
5839:
Adventure Guide Inside Passage & Coastal Alaska By Ed Readicker-Henderson, Lynn Readicker-Henderson â Hunter Publishing 2006 Page 49
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5273:
4519:
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1606:
Moose are not typically aggressive towards humans, but will be aggressive when provoked or frightened. Moose attack more people than
1305:
587:. In the United States (outside of Alaska and New England), most moose are found further to the north, west and northeast (including
8613:
8574:
14578:
14345:
9292:
7803:
7416:
5390:
1560:
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foot (which are more rounded with large dewclaws, optimized for walking in deep snow). The moose's body weight per surface area of
516:. Hunting and habitat loss have reduced the moose's range; this fragmentation has led to sightings of "urban moose" in some areas.
4182:
14591:
14384:
9272:
7720:
7519:
6647:
6298:
5779:
3202:
7386:
7334:
7143:
4596:
3352:
in Alaska where trees and brush are trimmed along high moose crossing areas so that moose can be seen as they approach the road.
3325:
In eastern Germany, where the scarce population is slowly increasing, there were two road accidents involving moose since 2000.
1574:
9336:
5985:
5544:"Distribution, prevalence and intensity of moose nose bot fly (Cephenemyia ulrichii) larvae in moose (Alces alces) from Norway"
3358:
151:
8421:
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8004:
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5104:
4358:
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9228:
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4026:
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3910:
509:
14596:
14389:
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4818:
4409:
Lundmark, Caroline. Morphological and behavioral adaptations of moose to climate, snow, and forage. Vol. 2008, no. 67. 2008.
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that moose learn quickly and adapt, fleeing an area if they hear or smell wolves, bears, or scavenger birds such as ravens.
14682:
9178:
8787:
8366:
6213:
6118:
5439:
1258:
This fenced-in area is part of a long-term research project to examine the effects of moose browsing on plant biodiversity.
483:
6628:
5456:
4618:
3445:
and from visiting tourist groups. Its main value, however, is seen in the opportunities it offers for the research in the
14637:
8338:
Smith, A. T., Xie, Y., Hoffmann, R. S., Lunde, D., MacKinnon, J., Wilson, D. E., & Wozencraft, W. C. (Eds.). (2010).
8106:
5967:
Female moose moans provoke bull fights, females have more choice in picking mates, concludes Idaho state university study
5706:
1083:), moose feet have two large keratinized hooves corresponding to the third and fourth toe, with two small posterolateral
9282:
7355:
7257:
6732:
3651:
2102:. The USSR and Poland managed to restore portions of the range within its borders (such as the 1951 reintroduction into
475:; other members of the deer family have pointed antlers with a dendritic ("twig-like") configuration. Moose inhabit the
14672:
14565:
9309:
6671:
956:), the posterior division of the main fork divides into three tines, with no distinct flattening. In the common moose (
8914:
6277:
845:, meaning "he strips off"), and possibly involved forms from multiple languages mutually reinforcing one another. The
14667:
14516:
13772:
9113:
6701:
4812:
4286:
3875:
3685:
3477:. Moose is also a common coat of arms in Europe as well; for example, in Finland, it appears on the coats of arms of
14324:
7970:
6762:
6541:
6479:
9007:
8072:
1546:
8950:
5368:
4252:
3630:
2334:
came from the warm savannas of Pliocene Europe, with the best-preserved skeletons being found in southern France.
1050:
In extremely rare circumstances, a cow moose may grow antlers. This is usually attributed to a hormone imbalance.
14454:
14337:
8705:. No. NB 1188. www.gnb.ca. New Brunswick Chief Medical Officer of Health. September 16, 2005. Archived from
8486:
7205:) infested with the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus (Acari): a mechanism for premature loss of winter hair."
6148:
4160:"Moose Antler Type Polymorphism: Age and Weight Dependent Phenotypes and Phenotype Frequencies in Space and Time"
3722:
3209:
2075:, where its range extended from Normandy in the north to the Pyrenees in the south. Farther east, it survived in
1849:, notably near bodies of water and as high up as 910 m (3,000 ft) above sea level in the mountains. In
680:
363:
205:
8862:
8204:
8127:
6514:
5365:"Watching Wolves On a Wild Ride By Les Line, National Wildlife Federation, December/January 2001, vol. 39 no. 1"
2919:. The smallest subspecies in North America, weighing about 230 to 344 kg (507 to 758 lb) at maturity.
5078:
Brown bear (Ursus arctos) diet and predation on moose (Alces alces) calves in the southern taiga zone in Sweden
3064:
from 77 CE, the elk and an animal called achlis, which is presumably the same animal, are described thus:
1514:
7945:
7442:
5611:"Evaluating moose Alces alces population response to infestation level of winter ticks Dermacentor albipictus"
2448:
Northeast: A wildlife ecologist estimated 50,000 in New York and New England in 2007, with expansion expected.
14609:
9688:
9129:
8742:
7494:. Auckland, New Zealand: Oxford University Press in association with the Mammal Society, New Zealand Branch.
6819:
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5755:
3576:
1897:
519:
The moose has been reintroduced to some of its former habitats. Currently, the greatest populations occur in
5326:
4954:
4741:
4646:
719:). A mature male moose is called a bull, a mature female a cow, and an immature moose of either sex a calf.
13765:
10477:
9080:
8205:"Factsheet: Eurasian Elk (Elk, reindeer, roe deer (Cetartiodactyla Cervidae Capreolinae) > Alces alces)"
4458:
3426:
3220:
of moose organs have a relatively narrow safety margin below the levels which would probably cause adverse
3036:
1529:
17:
5850:"What To Do About Aggressive Moose, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game"
5160:
4862:
3374:
14423:
14272:
14267:
8633:
4543:"Evolution of the ungulate dewlap: thermoregulation rather than sexual selection or predator deterrence?"
3668:
3272:
2147:
1435:
1321:
7578:"Systematical and biochronological review of Plio-Pleistocene Alceini (Cervidae; Mammalia) from Eurasia"
3449:
and behavior of the moose, as well as in the insights it provides into the general principles of animal
3322:
In Sweden, a road will not be fenced unless it experiences at least one moose accident per km per year.
2059:. The European moose was native to most temperate areas with suitable habitat on the continent and even
14677:
14662:
9757:
9329:
7699:"The southernmost occurrence of Cervalces latifrons (Johnson, 1874) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) in Europe"
6568:
6028:
4621:(Report). Washington, D. C.: United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. 1972.
3663:
3469:
As one of the Canadian national symbols, the moose occurs on several Canadian coats of arms, including
3433:
of animals on the basis of their behavioural characteristics. Since 1963, the program has continued at
1962:
1789:. Moose have extended their range southwards in the western Rocky Mountains, with initial sightings in
1498:
9165:
8463:
6587:
6324:
4916:
3554:
2338:
was 1.25 times larger than the Alaskan moose in linear dimensions, making it nearly twice as massive.
14464:
12734:
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9670:
5819:
3813:
3779:
3717:
3625:
3470:
3386:
3311:
3307:
2658:
1790:
846:
8600:
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4955:
Tigris Foundation dedicated to the survival of the Amur tiger and leopard in the wild : UK HOME
2377:(broad-fronted stag-moose), which first appeared during the late Early Pleistocene. Many fossils of
1290:
14657:
14652:
12521:
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7892:
2198:
and many surrounding regions. The population in the past 20 years has risen to over 2,900 animals.
897:
1,180 kg (2,601 lb), but none are authenticated and some may not be considered reliable.
835:
544:
476:
14441:
9051:
8460:"Moose Status and Hunting in Washington By Dana L. Base, Associate Wildlife Biologist August 2004"
8040:
7837:
5231:
4437:
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2733:
1622:
1452:. Occasionally, a wolf may immobilize a moose by biting its sensitive nose, the pain of which can
1039:) are constantly growing, tumor-like antlers with a distinctive appearance similar to coral. Like
504:
shaped the relationship between moose and humans, both in Eurasia and North America. Prior to the
220:
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9600:
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of the skulls of two bulls who apparently died after their antlers became locked during a fight.
1001:
on their surface; being made of living bone, they are easily broken but can grow back. Perukes (
14503:
14376:
14197:
10221:
9927:
9846:
9027:
8231:
7684:
5853:
4115:"Fluctuating asymmetry in the antlers of moose ( Alces alces ): does it signal male quality?".
2112:
2103:
1888:
1486:
1360:
700:
35:
31:
14402:
7830:"Newfoundland's 120,000 moose are descended from just four that were introduced a century ago"
4337:
3993:
1717:, the Adirondack Mountain region and Taconic highlands of northeast New York State, the upper
816:
The word "elk" remained in usage because of English-speakers' familiarity with the species in
14498:
14235:
14094:
13870:
13757:
13371:
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10626:
9855:
9739:
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8898:
8340:
8309:
7912:
6906:
6904:
6437:
6416:"Status and trends of moose populations and hunting opportunity in the Western United States"
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3833:
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2820:
2095:
by c. 1600, and from Hungary and the Caucasus since the 18th and 19th century, respectively.
1876:
1664:
828:
707:. The word "elk" in North American English refers to a completely different species of deer,
342:
14490:
7746:
Meiri, Meirav; Lister, Adrian; Kosintsev, Pavel; Zazula, Grant; Barnes, Ian (October 2020).
4515:
3406:
Sculpture by the Finnish Jussi MĂ€ntynen from 1923. The statue was preserved intact from the
2986:
1921:
1809:. The indigenous people often used moose hides for leather and its meat as an ingredient in
1643:
Visitor Centers warn tourists that "...a moose with its hackles raised is a thing to fear."
1464:
Moose are also subject to various diseases and forms of parasitism. In northern Europe, the
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14244:
13678:
13444:
13435:
13380:
13005:
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7004:
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5609:
Ellingwood, Daniel D.; Pekins, Peter J.; Jones, Henry; Musante, Anthony R. (16 June 2020).
5555:
5514:
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2359:
1482:
1465:
1269:
1166:
824:
758:
716:
643:
528:
9052:"The Newfoundland Quarterly, volume 057, no. 2 (June 1958) :: Newfoundland Quarterly"
7748:"Population dynamics and range shifts of moose ( Alces alces ) during the Late Quaternary"
6901:
5815:
5440:
Recolonizing Carnivores and Naive Prey: Conservation Lessons from Pleistocene Extinctions.
4309:
Horns, Pronghorns, and Antlers: Evolution, Morphology, Physiology, and Social Significance
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8:
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3145:
3109:
2720:
2373:
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2182:
1393:
1218:
1080:
989:
723:
508:(around 1600-1700 CE), moose were one of many valuable sources of sustenance for certain
505:
487:
165:
9296:
9280:
A moose in the National Nature Park "Losinyj Ostrov" ("Moose" or "Elk" Island) in Russia
8813:
8672:
7807:
7763:
7593:
7047:
7008:
6878:
5936:
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5518:
5398:
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foot, (which have stiff feet lacking dewclawsâoptimized for high-speed running) and the
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13074:
13014:
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12978:
12924:
12897:
12888:
12512:
12494:
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11034:
10468:
9936:
9748:
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9609:
9240:
8841:
8703:"Health and Wellness Public Health Advisory / Hunters and wildlife diseases (05/09/16)"
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7239:
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2912:
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2412:
2394:
2202:
2143:
1862:
1830:
1782:
948:
Antler beam diameter, not the number of tines, indicates age. In North America, moose (
817:
778:
460:
386:
215:
8370:
5789:
3429:
in 1949, a small-scale moose domestication program was started, involving attempts at
1813:, a type of dried jerky used as a source of sustenance in winter or on long journeys.
861:
14552:
14485:
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14008:
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13800:
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12545:
11495:
10890:
10881:
10733:
10635:
10414:
10381:
10324:
10194:
9721:
9582:
9247:
9224:
9203:
9184:
9109:
8833:
8825:
8768:
8684:
8680:
8517:
8492:
8076:
7789:
7777:
7698:
7643:
7495:
7331:
7291:
7290:
Heikki Henttonen; Andreas Kranz; Michael Stubbe; Tiit Maran; Alexei Tikhonov (2007).
7289:
7073:
7061:
6894:
6488:
6443:
6384:
5877:
By Ed Readicker-Henderson, Lynn Readicker-Henderson â Hunter Publishing 2006 Page 416
5759:
5680:
5636:
5591:
5423:
5342:
5332:
5263:
5036:
4935:
4808:
4707:
4592:
4574:
4485:
4316:
4282:
4144:
4132:
4096:
4022:
3969:
3906:
2955:
2364:
2327:
2292:
2191:
1982:
1954:
1938:
1766:
938:
871:
754:
750:
495:
14249:
8845:
8623:, Defenders of Wildlife - Protect America's Wildlife (PAW) Act - Aerial hunting FAQs
7601:
7243:
7016:
6098:
5979:
5952:
5692:
4703:
4697:
4232:
4092:
4084:
3276:
Moose carcass, cause of death unknown, at a solid waste transfer facility in Alaska.
14647:
14557:
14543:
14140:
14099:
13955:
13925:
13805:
13738:
13492:
13483:
13362:
13203:
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12659:
12650:
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11118:
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9882:
9873:
9864:
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9637:
9573:
9500:
9491:
8817:
8676:
8414:
8001:
7767:
7702:
7639:
7635:
7597:
7231:
7222:
Schnfeld, Fiona (2009). "Presence of moose (Alces alces) in Southeastern Germany".
7175:
7051:
7012:
6962:
6943:
6882:
6815:
6086:
5940:
5672:
5622:
5581:
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5522:
5119:
5024:
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4124:
3549:
3486:
3407:
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in Newfoundland in 2011, but the system proved unreliable and was removed in 2015.
3254:
2808:
2782:
2645:. Mostly found in the forests of eastern Russia. The most common elk subspecies in
2416:
2403:
2233:
area failed; then in 1910 ten moose (four bulls and six cows) were introduced into
1884:
1854:
1746:
1702:
1010:
1004:
319:
14285:
8930:
7032:"Effects of Winter Ticks and Internal Parasites on Moose Survival in Vermont, USA"
6302:
5503:"Effects of Winter Ticks and Internal Parasites on Moose Survival in Vermont, USA"
3482:
14472:
13935:
13825:
13468:
13459:
13407:
13398:
13179:
12036:
12027:
11504:
11100:
10152:
10062:
9900:
9712:
9591:
9564:
9555:
9286:
9169:
9034:
9014:
8937:
8918:
8706:
8620:
8445:
Franzmann, A. W., LeResche, R. E., Rausch, R. A., & Oldemeyer, J. L. (1978).
8348:
8297:
8135:
8027:
8008:
7913:"DNRE Survey Results Indicate Approximately 433 Moose in Western Upper Peninsula"
7899:
7876:
7857:
7338:
6651:
6632:
6613:
6594:
6575:
5567:
4961:
4802:
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3695:
3673:
3292:
3262:
3055:
2994:
2947:
2925:
2712:
2455:
2195:
1794:
1734:
1718:
1425:
704:
671:
450:
435:
14415:
7706:
7628:
6205:
3746:
The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World
3510:
3425:. Early experiments were inconclusive, but with the creation of a moose farm at
3108:
species in many of the countries where they are found. Moose meat tastes, wrote
2454:
Upper Midwest: Michigan 2000 on Isle Royale (2019) and an estimated 433 (in its
2295:. Some scientists group the moose and all its extinct relatives into one genus,
1439:
Moose with calves being approached by a brown bear, Denali National Park, Alaska
14642:
14332:
14319:
14180:
13983:
13930:
13830:
13810:
13668:
13606:
13236:
13227:
12752:
12701:
12622:
12613:
12554:
12392:
12094:
11916:
11907:
11462:
11429:
11411:
10899:
10709:
10584:
10423:
9411:
9383:
8867:
7696:
5468:
3852:
3402:
3281:
signs have been replaced with imageless generic warning signs in some regions.
3233:
3221:
3156:
3105:
3082:
2585:
2258:
2165:
The East Asian moose populations confine themselves mostly to the territory of
2159:
2128:
2064:
2036:
1971:
1762:
1369:
1353:
1214:
993:
786:
736:
572:
548:
468:
9314:
9279:
8821:
8290:
7351:
7235:
6625:
6090:
6014:, in Jasper National Park, Alberta. Canadian Field-Naturalist 106(1): 126-127.
5944:
5489:
was on three occasions recorded for the first time from SmÄland, south Sweden.
4559:
4224:
4158:
Nygrén, Tuire; Pusenius, Jyrki; Tiilikainend, Raisa; Korpelainen, Jan (2007).
3096:
is commonly found on trails. Some souvenir shops sell bags of it, sealed with
3015:
1909:
683:
in the autumn features energetic fights between males competing for a female.
14626:
14397:
14145:
14119:
14018:
13963:
13910:
13850:
13835:
13820:
13293:
13275:
13161:
13098:
13089:
12148:
11883:
11856:
11627:
11537:
11528:
11513:
11378:
11342:
11297:
11234:
11225:
10742:
10700:
10593:
10559:
10549:
10450:
10432:
10095:
10044:
9954:
9518:
9163:
Alces: A journal devoted to the biology and management of moose (Alces alces)
8829:
7781:
7304:
7065:
6654:. The Christian Science Monitor (February 14, 2007). Retrieved on 2011-01-09.
5784:
5080:. Cand Sci Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.
5028:
4136:
3659:
3540:
3458:
3450:
3438:
3299:
3206:
3149:
3031:
3019:
3007:
3003:
2946:. Extinct due to habitat loss and overhunting. Its range would have included
2791:
2770:
2762:
2728:
2704:
2650:
2218:
2052:
1995:
1850:
1846:
1802:
1742:
1690:
1490:
1478:
1296:
1222:
914:
655:
556:
479:
471:
in body mass. Most adult male moose have broad, palmate ("open-hand shaped")
464:
359:
185:
180:
88:
14570:
5346:
1186:, as much as half of its diet usually consists of aquatic plants, including
917:". Blood vessels in the velvet transport nutrients to support antler growth.
823:
The word "moose" had first entered English by 1606 and is borrowed from the
14220:
14175:
14150:
14135:
14084:
13915:
13895:
13687:
13656:
13546:
13218:
13032:
12960:
12833:
12776:
12767:
12485:
12419:
12181:
12139:
12054:
11865:
11585:
11576:
11438:
11369:
11258:
11249:
10991:
10760:
10441:
10396:
10363:
10134:
10026:
9993:
9909:
8911:
8837:
8790:
Number 2, 2004, of Nordic Road & Transport Research. Annotations Sweden
8447:
Alaskan moose measurements and weights and measurement-weight relationships
6269:
6153:
5684:
5595:
5052:"Brown Bear: Wildlife Notebook Series â Alaska Department of Fish and Game"
4578:
4128:
3422:
3418:
3349:
3023:
2848:
2840:
2774:
2716:
1821:
1817:
1806:
1710:
1187:
933:
display dominance, to discourage competition, and to spar or fight rivals.
608:
552:
439:
8688:
6966:
6693:
3929:. Environment and Climate Change Newfoundland and Labrador. Archived from
3879:
3847:
2445:
Alaska: The state's Department of Fish and Game estimated 200,000 in 2011.
2271:
627:), and individuals have been documented wandering as far south as western
14477:
14436:
14358:
14259:
14229:
14155:
13855:
13308:
13056:
12218:
12172:
12163:
12112:
12064:
11925:
11767:
11360:
11351:
11179:
10973:
10964:
10954:
10848:
10691:
10501:
10492:
10405:
10248:
10170:
10053:
9978:
9969:
9346:
8045:
6754:
6588:
Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife â Moose Hunting Permits
4117:
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
3581:
3497:
3478:
3315:
electronic "moose detection system" was installed on two sections of the
3303:
3287:
2778:
2679:
2609:
2284:
2162:
from Sweden. In 2020, this population had increased to about 25 animals.
2088:
2084:
2080:
2068:
1966:
1958:
1937:
Since the 1990s, moose populations have declined dramatically in much of
1869:
1858:
1738:
1714:
961:
893:
666:(rarely, though may take calves), and (rarely, if swimming in the ocean)
536:
292:
272:
63:
6517:. The Portland Press Herald / Maine Sunday Telegram. September 7, 2012.
5676:
4209:"Palmated antlers of moose may serve as a parabolic reflector of sounds"
4178:
3168:
150,000—is twice that of the total moose harvest in North America.
3159:, who emigrated to Canada from the Soviet Union, wrote in his 1999 book
3144:
content, and the fat that is present consists of a higher proportion of
2665:. Similar in size to the western moose of Canada and the United States.
1647:
has at least a small degree of control over which bulls she mates with.
1047:
as well as several other tribes of indigenous peoples of North America.
14583:
14350:
14043:
14038:
13978:
13940:
13900:
12915:
12815:
12640:
12232:
11654:
11636:
11387:
11082:
11067:
11058:
11025:
10802:
10608:
10525:
10516:
10291:
10282:
10161:
10086:
9627:
9448:
8954:
7089:"Climate Change Is Killing New England's Moose. Can Hunters Save Them?"
7056:
7031:
6886:
5576:
5527:
5502:
5131:
3446:
3442:
3250:
2959:
2348:
2276:
1753:). Isolated groups have been verified as far south as the mountains of
1596:
This yearling was probably recently chased away by its pregnant mother.
1533:
1522:
1449:
1385:
1249:
1202:
1120:
985:
921:
753:
or another language of northern Europe. By the 8th century, during the
636:
580:
108:
73:
14363:
7772:
7747:
5627:
3616:
3492:
2796:
2155:
1626:
A bull, disturbed by the photographer, lowers his head and raises his
1509:
674:, aside from calves who remain with their mother until the cow begins
14306:
14028:
14023:
13973:
13945:
13615:
13536:
13389:
13260:
13251:
12725:
12299:
12290:
12275:
12266:
12130:
11702:
11486:
11420:
11306:
10821:
10617:
10306:
10230:
10110:
9661:
9546:
9536:
9430:
9421:
8951:"Highway Driving Conditions â Department of Transportation and Works"
8232:"Status of Regional Moose Populations in European and Asiatic Russia"
8208:
8139:
4989:"Wolf: Wildlife Notebook Series â Alaska Department of Fish and Game"
4749:
4643:
4157:
3708:
3241:
3011:
2836:
2832:
2642:
2577:
2386:
2318:
2305:
2251:
2245:
2234:
2099:
1946:
1726:
1722:
1640:
1611:
1453:
1409:
1377:
1229:
1210:
1096:
1088:
1060:
998:
663:
651:
647:
620:
600:
491:
373:
232:
113:
14191:
13582:
8157:"LietuvÄ
pamÄgo meĆĄkÄnai, o rudiesiems lokiams vietos Äia per maĆŸai"
5922:
5123:
14537:
14311:
14214:
14089:
13988:
13860:
13524:
13152:
12824:
12536:
12374:
12314:
11979:
11678:
11210:
11155:
11043:
10872:
10348:
10339:
10315:
10203:
10077:
9827:
9703:
9399:
9377:
9365:
8979:
7676:
7674:
7438:
5164:
5013:
4964:. Tigrisfoundation.nl (November 13, 1999). Retrieved on 2011-01-09.
4619:
Report of the Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Calendar Year 1971
3125:
2892:
2828:
2662:
2638:
2589:
2323:
2288:
2230:
2186:
2170:
2136:
2132:
2060:
1950:
1880:
1810:
1758:
1730:
1445:
1345:
1312:
1277:
1116:
1108:
1040:
905:
888: in). The largest of all the races is the Alaskan subspecies (
628:
596:
588:
576:
560:
252:
103:
98:
83:
78:
68:
6236:"STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF MOOSE IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES"
5105:"Effects of Tree Crushing on Black Bear Predation on Moose Calves"
2686:
region of far eastern Russia, as well as the northeastern part of
2303:
to the living species, placing the fossil species into the genera
1240:
670:. Unlike most other deer species, moose do not form herds and are
14604:
14170:
14165:
14114:
14109:
13920:
13905:
13729:
13564:
13425:
13284:
12674:
12461:
12452:
12365:
12251:
12242:
12214:
11970:
11874:
11838:
11753:
11749:
11720:
11645:
11333:
11206:
11167:
10751:
10668:
10574:
9837:
9787:
9482:
7115:"Ticks are killing 70 percent of moose calves across Maine, N.H."
5350:
4973:
Hayward, M. W., JÄdrzejewski, W., & Jedrzejewska, B. (2012).
3474:
3190:
3121:
3097:
2951:
2916:
2900:
2824:
2812:
2766:
2746:
2654:
2634:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2581:
2565:
2549:
2178:
2151:
2124:
2120:
2108:
2092:
2056:
2044:
2040:
2028:
2020:
1842:
1774:
1770:
1750:
1636:
1627:
1349:
1273:
1265:
1112:
1092:
1084:
1071:
632:
624:
616:
604:
564:
524:
501:
442:
425:
302:
118:
93:
8977:"Moose detection lights being removed, 'not effective' for N.L."
7671:
7144:"Moose in New England face grisly deaths from tick infestations"
6626:
Moose are on the Loose - Connecticut Public Broadcasting Network
2209:) usually grow smaller, while moose in the north and northeast (
2135:, it appears to be having more success migrating south into the
2087:
by the year 1000, from the western Czech Republic by 1300, from
1075:
Long legs allow moose to wade easily through deep water or snow.
14298:
14104:
14079:
14074:
14069:
14033:
13993:
13573:
13142:
13047:
12870:
12860:
12476:
11988:
11828:
11810:
11801:
11687:
11609:
11561:
11552:
11010:
11001:
10936:
10927:
10917:
10839:
10372:
10185:
10035:
9371:
9359:
6240:
Alces: A Journal Devoted to the Biology and Management of Moose
5187:"Wolverine Species Profile, Alaska Department of Fish and Game"
4376:
4374:
3411:
3245:
3198:
3137:
3116:, "like tender beef, with perhaps more flavour; sometimes like
2963:
2904:
2865:
2853:
2750:
2708:
2683:
2621:
2605:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2537:
2344:
2166:
2116:
2076:
2072:
2048:
2032:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2000:
1942:
1834:
1786:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1528:
Rutting and mating occurs in September and October. During the
1401:
1328:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1137:
910:
712:
675:
584:
568:
532:
520:
472:
262:
242:
137:
42:
13787:
8420:. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, British Columbia.
7697:
Charalampos Kevrekidis, Dimitris S. Kostopoulos (March 2017).
7029:
6820:"What's devastating the wild moose population in New England?"
5705:
Miquelle, Dale G. "Why don't bull moose eat during the rut?."
5548:
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife
5541:
5500:
1868:
In the Midwest U.S., moose are primarily limited to the upper
1384:) can still pose a threat, especially to females with calves.
1341:
968:
14048:
13597:
13555:
13130:
12800:
12791:
12085:
12012:
12003:
11934:
11663:
11618:
11477:
11402:
11282:
11273:
10784:
10775:
9467:
9458:
6913:"Rapid Climate Changes Turn North Woods into Moose Graveyard"
6785:"'Moose die-off' not seen in Yukon, where populations stable"
6413:
6383:
Wolfe, Michael L.; Hersey, Kent R.; Stoner, David C. (2010).
5661:
4668:
Biology by numbers: an encouragement to quantitative thinking
3652:
3213:
3194:
3093:
3046:
2896:
2869:
2816:
2758:
2687:
2572:. No longer present in central and western Europe except for
2174:
1957:
to which moose have not developed a natural defense, such as
1838:
1778:
1206:
1198:
1179:
1044:
1025:
945:
record for the heaviest weight at 36 kilograms (79 lb).
925:
841:; according to early sources, these were likely derived from
746:
727:
659:
592:
540:
9017:. www.ttela.se (December 21, 2010). Retrieved on 2011-01-09.
6543:
Status, Movements, and Habitat Use of Moose in Massachusetts
6481:
STATUS, MOVEMENTS, AND HABITAT USE OF MOOSE IN MASSACHUSETTS
6068:
5813:
5608:
5259:
Killer Whales of the World: Natural History and Conservation
4371:
3983:
3981:
2401:
migrated into North America, giving rise to the stag moose (
2154:
without establishing a population after swimming across the
14013:
12743:
12073:
11961:
11943:
11600:
11453:
10857:
10724:
10540:
9814:
9775:
9162:
8658:
7681:
Morphological Change in Quaternary Mammals of North America
6942:
McCann, N.P.; Moen, R.A.; Harris, T.R. (October 30, 2013).
6149:"Solved: Deer have direct role in death of Minnesota moose"
3523:
3133:
3129:
3117:
3088:
2967:
2908:
2646:
1754:
1607:
1417:
1174:
and other non-grasses, and fresh shoots from trees such as
1171:
1124:
1016:
667:
612:
531:); additionally, substantial numbers of moose are found in
446:
282:
12211:
8536:
8179:"ZespĂłĆ Rewilding Oder Delta nastawia siÄ na powrĂłt Ćosia"
7745:
7666:
Deer of the world: their evolution, behaviour, and ecology
7634:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1â32.
6473:
6471:
6006:
Weaver, J.L., C. Arvidson, and P. Wood. 1992. Two Wolves,
5091:
Use of ungulates by Yellowstone grizzly bears Ursus arctos
4848:
Deer of the World: Their Evolution, Behaviour, and Ecology
4338:
Deer of the World: Their Evolution, Behaviour, and Ecology
2139:. It is listed under Appendix III of the Bern Convention.
13998:
13353:
11952:
11898:
10830:
10212:
7516:"Deer and deer farming â Introduction and impact of deer"
7465:"Elge formerer sig lystigt: Tre nye elgkalve i Vildmosen"
6864:
6700:. NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation. July 6, 1999.
6578:. Mass.gov (September 20, 2007). Retrieved on 2011-01-09.
6234:
Wattles, David W.; DeStefano, Stephen (13 January 2011).
3978:
3141:
1820:
in the west, cutting off somewhere near the mouth of the
1616:
1281:
8931:
More wildlife fencing to be installed on Route 7 in 2008
6813:
5103:
Schwartz, Charles C. & Franzmann, Albert W. (1983).
4790:. California State department of Education. p. 177.
2011:, moose are currently found in large numbers throughout
11203:
7518:. Te Ara â Encyclopedia of New Zealand. March 1, 2009.
6468:
5422:
by Dr. Luke Hunter. Princeton University Press (2011),
4863:"Researchers take a look at the moose's enigmatic nose"
4661:
4659:
2930:
11746:
9198:
Geist, Valerius; Francis, Michael H. (November 1999).
8799:
1534:
polygynous and will seek several females to breed with
523:, where they can be found in all provinces (excepting
5718:
5256:
Baird, Robert W.; Baird, Robin W. (August 31, 2006).
3030:
The earliest recorded description of the moose is in
2213:) can match the imposing sizes of the Alaskan moose (
1376:) which regularly prey on adult moose, but a pack of
1031:
1028:
9246:(illustrated ed.). Cowles Creative Publishing.
8361:
8359:
8357:
8310:"SÄ mÄnga djur dödas i trafiken varje Är | SvD"
8030:. Riistaweb.riista.fi. Retrieved on January 9, 2011.
5481:
Moose bot fly larvae are common parasites of moose (
5296:"Moose-eating shark rescued in Newfoundland harbour"
4656:
3992:. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Archived from
3878:. Jackman, Maine Chamber of Commerce. Archived from
2474:: In 2009, there was a summer population of 115,000.
2407:). The modern moose is thought to have evolved from
2287:. Members of the moose lineage extend back into the
2158:
from Sweden), but in 2016-17 ten were introduced to
1504:
1022:
1013:
9217:Promack, Jennie; Sanker, Thomas J. (June 1, 1992).
7721:"Cervalces latifrons | Natural History Museum"
6301:. Wildlife.utah.gov. April 28, 2006. Archived from
5889:
By Lisa Maloney â The Countryman Press 2010 Page 16
5814:Crichton, Vince; A. T. Bergerud; James-Abra, Erin.
5485:) in north and central Sweden. Last year, however,
4461:. Newfoundland Big Game Hunting. January 17, 2016.
4277:Franzmann, Albert W.; Schwartz, Charles C. (1997).
2316:The earliest known species in the moose lineage is
2299:, while others, such as Augusto Azzaroli, restrict
1654:
1019:
9239:
9130:"SOS - History of the Great Seal and Coat of Arms"
8793:
8514:Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic and civil wars
6034:(Report). New Hampshire Fish and Game Department.
6029:New Hampshire's moose population vs climate change
5747:
5438:Berger, Joel; Swenson, Jon E.; Persson, Inga-Lill
5225:"Gulo gulo â The American Society of Mammalogists"
4430:"Morphology of the skin of moose (Alces alces L.)"
4279:Ecology and Management of the North American Moose
3806:
3772:
2371:was soon followed by a much larger species called
1879:in 1878 and 1904, where they are now the dominant
459:. It is also the tallest, and the second-largest,
9081:"Coat of arms of Ontario â Government of Ontario"
8354:
7377:Cramb, Auslan; Eccleston, Paul (April 14, 2008).
6662:
6660:
6382:
6270:"Moose - NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation"
6022:
6020:
5102:
4841:
4839:
4281:. Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 97â98.
4276:
3555:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T56003281A22157381.en
1468:is a parasite whose range seems to be spreading.
14624:
8788:Traffic Management for a Sustainable Environment
8512:Caesar, Julius; Hirtius, Aulus (1879). "XXVII".
8268:(in Swedish). jagareforbundet.se. Archived from
8128:"PÔtrade arvukust tahetakse oluliselt vÀhendada"
7860:, p. 6, "How Do Scandinavia and Alaska Compare?"
7352:"Re-Introducing Moose to the Glen â Moose â BBC"
6941:
6233:
5809:
5807:
4987:Long, Nancy; Savikko, Kurt (December 17, 2007).
4892:Cheeke, Peter R.; Dierenfeld, Ellen Sue (2010).
4891:
4307:Bubenik, George A.; Bubenik, Anthony B. (1990).
4253:"Moose's sharp hearing is attributed to antlers"
2229:In 1900, an attempt to introduce moose into the
1217:with a high sugar content, such as white birch,
1182:. As these terrestrial plants are rather low in
913:are covered with a soft, furry covering called "
9344:
7690:
7171:"Ticks devastate Maine, N.H. moose populations"
4483:
4427:
4250:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4064:
3805:
3771:
3529:
3417:Domestication of moose was investigated in the
1793:in 1868, and then to the northern slope of the
1079:As with all members of the order Artiodactyla (
9173:Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research.
8891:"Railroad takes steps to reduce moose crashes"
8871:, August 12, 2007. Accessed November 6, 2009."
8449:. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56(2), 298-306.
7687:- Cambridge University Press 1993 Page 178-181
7661:
7659:
7576:Breda, Marzia; Marchetti, Marco (March 2005).
7575:
7376:
6657:
6491:thesis). University of Massachusetts Amherst.
6017:
5750:The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals
5397:. Gi.alaska.edu. June 10, 2004. Archived from
5331:. Calgary: Detselig Enterprises. p. 222.
5249:
4836:
4306:
4207:Bubenik, George A.; Bubenik, Peter G. (2008).
4206:
2998:Two young moose wearing radio tracking collars
2757:and the northeastern United States, including
2142:In 2008, two moose were reintroduced into the
1941:North America, although they remain stable in
1639:) stand up, a charge is usually imminent. The
1582:This calf is almost ready to leave its mother.
13773:
9330:
9216:
8940:, Communications New Brunswick, April 8, 2008
8511:
7489:
7415:. Alladale Wilderness Reserve. Archived from
7344:
7341:". Thelocal.de. Retrieved on January 9, 2011.
7332:Wayward elk 'Knutschi' found dead â The Local
5804:
5328:Wolves in Russia: Anxiety throughout the ages
5050:Long, Nancy; Savikko, Kurt (August 7, 2009).
4975:Prey preferences of the tiger Panthera tigris
4725:
4670:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 84â85.
4540:
3988:Long, Nancy; Savikko, Kurt (August 7, 2009).
3968:. The Johns Hopkins University Press (1999),
3010:reveal that moose have been hunted since the
2600:since the 1970s; recently sighted in eastern
2177:. Moose populations are relatively stable in
1769:. In the northwestern US, the range includes
9197:
9108:(in Finnish). Suomen Kunnallisliitto. 1982.
8921:, New Brunswick Department of Transportation
8002:"Big Game Hunting: Moose Season Information"
7542:"Hairs move NZ moose out of realm of Nessie"
7250:
6725:"A Moose Still on the Loose in Eastern Iowa"
5981:v.106 (1992) â The Canadian field-naturalist
5972:
5324:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4061:
3760:An Universal Etymological English Dictionary
3748:. Oxford University Press. pp. 133â134.
3743:
3124:levels similar to those of other comparable
2516:: In 2007, there were approximately 600,000.
2442:: There are estimated to be around 300,000:
1568:Calves stay near their mothers at all times.
1111:. Moose fur consists of four types of hair:
30:"Alces" redirects here. For other uses, see
7971:"Moose Management and Research Plan Update"
7656:
7258:"Elks Make a Dangerous Comeback in Germany"
5913:By Paul Tawrell â Exxa Nature 2007 Page 161
5049:
4986:
4919:on March 1, 2016 – via Juneau Empire.
4909:"Deadly diet of hay can bring down a moose"
4894:Comparative Animal Nutrition and Metabolism
4726:Promack, Jennie; Sanker, Thomas J. (1992).
4689:
4593:"Alces alces, Giant of the Northern Forest"
4019:The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats
3987:
2976:
2035:, with more modest numbers in the southern
740:
13788:Game animals and shooting in North America
13780:
13766:
9419:
9337:
9323:
8391:Kevin Jackson, 2009, Moose, Reaktion Books
7370:
7168:
6668:"Moose in a Mess? - Defenders of Wildlife"
6597:. Maine.gov. Retrieved on January 9, 2011.
6435:
6423:Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife
6112:
6110:
6108:
5887:Explorer's Guide 50 Hikes Around Anchorage
5255:
5093:. Biological Conservation, 81(1), 161-177.
4929:
4685:. Patricia Harris-David Lyon. p. 398.
4680:
4368:Joe Viechnicki, KFSK â Petersburg 10-19-09
4302:
4300:
4298:
3569:
2703:Ranges from northeastern Siberia from the
1368:A full-grown moose has few enemies except
1053:
372:
196:
174:
150:
136:
13654:
11126:
9008:MĂ„nga viltolyckor â inget görs â Mellerud
7893:Isle Royale: Wolf & Moose Populations
7771:
7055:
6635:. Cpbn.org. Retrieved on January 9, 2011.
6546:. University of Massachusetts MS thesis.
6515:"Survey estimates Maine has 76,000 moose"
6378:
6376:
6206:"Moose | North Dakota Game and Fish"
5626:
5585:
5575:
5526:
4770:
4653:Mooseworld. Retrieved on January 9, 2011.
4568:
4558:
4265:
3553:
1693:, the moose range includes almost all of
13535:
10925:
9177:DuTemple, Lesley A. (February 1, 2000).
9176:
8143:June 26, 2013. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
7221:
6722:
6355:"ODFW Oregon Conservation Strategy News"
4800:
4794:
4428:Sokolov, V. E.; Chernova, O. F. (1987).
3900:
3513:, a rare example of a domesticated moose
3491:
3401:
3271:
3087:
3076:
2993:
2985:
2661:and Ussuri elk to the east and northern
2270:
2257:
2244:
2201:The size of the moose varies. Following
1994:
1981:
1932:
1663:
1621:
1508:
1434:
1359:
1340:
1153:
1070:
967:
920:
904:
860:
9826:
9397:
9273:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
8320:from the original on September 25, 2018
8105:(in Latvian). zm.gov.lv. Archived from
8011:, North Dakota Game and Fish Department
7086:
6539:
6477:
6385:"A History of Moose Management in Utah"
6116:
6105:
5454:
4695:
4295:
4082:
4013:
4011:
3688:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short.
3185:
3161:Moose: Behaviour, Ecology, Conservation
2657:. Its range excludes the ranges of the
2240:
14:
14625:
9544:
9237:
9200:Moose: Behavior, Ecology, Conservation
9140:from the original on 29 September 2021
8986:from the original on November 23, 2015
8773:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
8640:from the original on November 10, 2009
8546:"Pliny the Elder, The Natural History"
8516:. Harper & brothers. p. 154.
8484:
8427:from the original on December 22, 2014
8246:from the original on February 26, 2018
8229:
8197:
7983:from the original on November 13, 2018
7851:Interior Alaska Moose News (Fall 2011)
7624:
7622:
7571:
7569:
7567:
7379:"Moose to roam free again in Scotland"
7285:
7283:
7268:from the original on December 25, 2012
7169:MacQuarrie, Brian (January 13, 2017).
6994:
6976:from the original on November 13, 2018
6910:
6795:from the original on December 30, 2014
6616:. (PDF). Retrieved on January 9, 2011.
6373:
6129:from the original on December 10, 2013
5448:
5393:Are ravens responsible for wolf packs?
5318:
5141:from the original on December 17, 2008
4977:. Journal of Zoology, 286(3), 221-231.
4788:The Land and Wildlife of North America
4681:Harris, Patricia; Lyon, David (1999).
4665:
4541:Bro-JĂžrgensen, Jakob (December 2016).
4484:Sokolov, V.E.; Chernova, O.F. (1987).
3212:advises hunters not to consume cervid
1875:Moose were successfully introduced on
1861:and appeared headed south towards the
1352:, depicting a moose being hunted by a
1144:
14196:
14195:
13761:
13653:
13522:
13521:
13127:
12210:
11745:
11202:
10664:
9810:
9396:
9318:
9293:"North American Mammals: Alces alces"
8953:. www.roads.gov.nl.ca. Archived from
8185:from the original on 15 December 2021
8083:from the original on December 1, 2017
8053:from the original on November 6, 2016
7919:from the original on October 29, 2013
7727:from the original on November 2, 2012
7552:from the original on November 5, 2020
7522:from the original on December 4, 2011
7483:
7224:European Journal of Wildlife Research
7183:from the original on January 16, 2017
6765:from the original on January 11, 2011
6550:from the original on December 2, 2013
6521:from the original on December 2, 2013
6495:from the original on December 2, 2013
6299:"Utah Division of Wildlife Resources"
6079:European Journal of Wildlife Research
5852:. wildlife.alaska.gov. Archived from
5391:"Alaska Science Forum, June 10, 2004
5383:
5302:. Canadian Broatcasting Corporation.
5217:
4906:
4845:
4599:from the original on February 8, 2018
4213:European Journal of Wildlife Research
4188:from the original on October 12, 2021
3744:Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006).
3611:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3236:of a moose is above the hood of most
3227:
3203:Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
785:. Later, the species became known in
484:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
416:: 'moose'; used in North America) or
14610:4F0FAD83-B0C4-49AC-8401-866252DF8D58
14465:865dcb94-6b66-49ba-97a7-01c3a0261fa5
14338:29d8f33f-e445-42b7-b711-3d35b2b7d1ae
10962:
8730:Food Additives and Contamination, 20
8485:Wrobel, Murray (November 18, 2006).
8369:. Bear Creek Journal. Archived from
7739:
7471:from the original on 29 January 2023
7445:from the original on 16 January 2023
6456:from the original on October 9, 2013
6442:. Spinner Publications. p. 14.
6325:"Oregon moose population is booming"
6250:from the original on 4 November 2023
5745:
4785:
4522:from the original on October 2, 2018
4465:from the original on January 4, 2017
4008:
3834:participating institution membership
3793:participating institution membership
1883:, and somewhat less successfully on
1336:
1099:is about twice that of the caribou.
14633:IUCN Red List least concern species
9811:
8912:Moose-Vehicle Collision Information
8863:Ălgsafari lockar tusentals turister
8755:from the original on March 11, 2012
8163:. February 10, 2017. Archived from
7619:
7564:
7492:The handbook of New Zealand mammals
7305:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
7280:
6944:"Warm-season heat stress in moose (
6923:from the original on 8 January 2018
6723:Franzman, Dave (December 5, 2013).
6645:Forests lure moose to Massachusetts
6436:Cappelloni, Nancy (November 2002).
6335:from the original on April 17, 2010
6161:from the original on April 20, 2019
5988:from the original on 22 August 2021
5984:. Vol. 106. 21 February 1992.
5925:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
5707:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
5112:Bears: Their Biology and Management
4923:
4821:from the original on March 28, 2023
4123:(1341): 251â255. 22 December 1993.
3701:
3541:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2877:Shiras' moose or Yellowstone moose
2584:, with a certain population in the
2283:Moose are members of the subfamily
2169:, with much smaller populations in
2047:. They are also widespread through
1801:In northeastern North America, the
421:
413:
159:A cow (female) moose in Alaska, US
24:
13869:
13128:
10665:
9310:National Museum of Natural History
9155:
9028:"Har Àlgar tÀmjts till kavalleri?"
8897:. January 28, 2008. Archived from
8571:"Moose, meat, raw (Alaska Native)"
7870:"Wyoming moose numbers fall short"
7358:from the original on 29 April 2009
7201:Samuel, W. M. "Grooming by moose (
7124:from the original on June 22, 2018
7087:Kusnetz, Nicholas (May 29, 2017).
7036:The Journal of Wildlife Management
6867:The Journal of Wildlife Management
6830:from the original on April 8, 2014
6704:from the original on July 28, 2011
5719:DW Hartt, Data; Coordinator, Web.
5507:The Journal of Wildlife Management
5276:from the original on July 21, 2011
5054:. Adfg.state.ak.us. Archived from
4991:. Adfg.state.ak.us. Archived from
4807:. Toronto: University of Toronto.
4486:"Morphology of the skin of moose (
4459:"Big Game Hunting in Newfoundland"
4434:Swedish Wildlife Research (Sweden)
4251:James Randerson (March 20, 2008).
3725:from the original on March 9, 2021
3633:from the original on March 9, 2021
3602:
3590:from the original on 10 April 2024
3182:and a crash in these populations.
3044:There are also , which are called
2745:Eastern Canada, including eastern
2618:Yakutia, Mid-Siberian or Lena elk
1999:Staged picture of a moose hunt in
1977:
1136:Both male and female moose have a
801:, appearing in the Latinized form
145:A bull (male) moose in Alaska, US
25:
14694:
9261:
8577:from the original on May 21, 2008
7632:Handbook of the Mammals of Europe
7150:from the original on May 20, 2018
7095:from the original on May 20, 2018
6607:Connecticut Wildlife Sep/Oct 2004
6439:Cranberry Cooking for All Seasons
6361:from the original on July 6, 2013
6183:. 2 December 2014. Archived from
6119:"Moose Die-Off Alarms Scientists"
6117:Robbins, Jim (October 14, 2013).
6041:from the original on May 16, 2018
6026:
5306:from the original on May 23, 2016
4873:from the original on May 18, 2014
4860:
4775:. Stoeger Publishing. p. 84.
4625:from the original on 16 July 2023
4518:. britannica.com. July 23, 1999.
4049:from the original on 1 March 2024
3990:"Moose: Wildlife Notebook Series"
3737:
3193:levels are high in Finnish moose
1991:BiebrzaĆski Park Narodowy, Poland
1837:. South of the CanadaâUS border,
1505:Social structure and reproduction
749:, words probably borrowed from a
9122:
9098:
9073:
9044:
9020:
8998:
8969:
8943:
8924:
8905:
8883:
8874:
8852:
8781:
8735:
8721:
8695:
8661:Science of the Total Environment
8652:
8626:
8607:
8589:
8563:
8530:
8505:
8488:Elsevier's Dictionary of Mammals
8478:
8452:
8439:
8407:
8394:
8385:
8332:
8302:
8284:
8258:
8223:
8171:
8149:
8121:
8095:
8065:
8033:
8014:
7995:
7963:
7931:
7905:
7886:
7863:
7844:
7822:
7796:
7713:
7668:By Valerius Geist - Page 244-250
7534:
7508:
7457:
7431:
7401:
7324:
7215:
7195:
7162:
7136:
7107:
7080:
7023:
6988:
6935:
6858:
6842:
6807:
6777:
6747:
6716:
6686:
6638:
6619:
6600:
6581:
6562:
6533:
6507:
6429:
6407:
6347:
6317:
6291:
6262:
6227:
5643:from the original on 17 May 2022
5262:. Voyageur Press. pp. 23â.
4907:Mowry, Tim (December 26, 2003).
4085:"Appearance and characteristics"
3397:
3385:
3373:
3357:
3342:
3330:
3100:and labeled with humorous names.
2929:
2879:
2852:
2831:(the Upper Peninsula), northern
2795:
2732:
2620:
2536:
1920:
1908:
1896:
1680:
1655:Habitat, range, and distribution
1587:
1573:
1559:
1545:
1320:
1304:
1289:
1248:
1239:
1009:
777:and possibly connected with the
219:
61:
9689:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
9087:from the original on 2005-09-20
9062:from the original on 2020-06-26
8341:A guide to the mammals of China
7608:from the original on 2022-10-16
7602:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.05.005
7017:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.07.012
6280:from the original on 2023-09-13
6216:from the original on 2023-11-05
6198:
6173:
6141:
6062:
6053:
6000:
5959:
5916:
5911:Wilderness Camping & Hiking
5904:
5892:
5880:
5868:
5842:
5833:
5772:
5739:
5712:
5699:
5655:
5602:
5535:
5494:
5432:
5413:
5357:
5300:CBC Newfoundland & Labrador
5288:
5208:
5197:from the original on 2022-04-16
5179:
5161:"Hinterland Who's Who â Cougar"
5153:
5096:
5083:
5070:
5043:
5007:
4980:
4967:
4948:
4900:
4885:
4854:
4850:. Stackpole Books. p. 237.
4779:
4773:North American big-game animals
4764:
4734:
4719:
4674:
4637:
4611:
4585:
4534:
4508:
4477:
4451:
4421:
4412:
4403:
4394:
4384:
4359:It's a Bull Moose...No a Cow...
4352:
4329:
4239:from the original on 2020-03-14
4200:
4151:
4108:
4031:
4021:. Sterling Pub Co Inc. (1983),
3958:
3945:
3919:
3894:
3868:
3840:
3799:
3496:A moose in the coat of arms of
3210:Department of Natural Resources
2670:Ussuri, Amur or Manchurian elk
2185:. In Mongolia and China, where
2111:river valley, Kampinos, and in
1102:
10478:Central American red brocket (
7915:. Michigan.gov. May 25, 2017.
7640:10.1007/978-3-319-65038-8_23-1
6911:Cusick, Daniel (18 May 2012).
5875:Adventure Guide Alaska Highway
4801:Peterson, Randolph L. (1955).
3765:
3752:
3679:
3645:
3040:, where it is described thus:
2695:Chukotka or East Siberian elk
2422:
2224:
1515:Kenai National Wildlife Refuge
1272:(concentrate selectors). Like
856:
809:borrowed directly from Latin:
13:
1:
9041:, no 5. Visited May 17, 2010.
8634:"All-clear for Finnish foods"
8351:. Princeton University Press.
8316:. Svd.se. December 29, 2003.
7441:. Dansk Pattedyratlas. 2007.
5756:Smithsonian Institution Press
5455:Jaenson, Thomas G.T. (2011).
3966:Walker's Mammals of the World
3517:
2715:basins and south through the
2604:(the range formerly included
2526:
2486:: in 2015, there were 21,000.
2363:during the first half of the
2071:, the moose disappeared from
1601:
1107:Moose skin is typical of the
11185:Large subfamily listed below
11173:Large subfamily listed below
11161:Large subfamily listed below
8681:10.1016/0048-9697(88)90165-9
5665:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
5568:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.04.012
5395:Article #1702 by Ned Rozell"
5367:. Nwf.org:80. Archived from
4932:Feline Behaviour and Welfare
4039:"World Record Moose Hunting"
3762:Royal Exchange. Page EL--EM.
3427:Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve
3368:) crossing a road in Alaska.
3298:In the Canadian province of
3037:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
1972:human-induced climate change
1471:
691:
467:, falling short only of the
7:
14683:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
9680:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
9671:Indian spotted chevrotain (
8415:"Moose in British Columbia"
8347:September 19, 2015, at the
8207:. Lhnet.org. Archived from
7707:10.13140/RG.2.2.24751.53928
7490:Caroline King, ed. (1995).
7207:Canadian Journal of Zoology
7146:. Pri.org. March 18, 2017.
6955:Canadian Journal of Zoology
6759:Newfoundland Coastal Safari
5230:. smith.edu. Archived from
4666:Burton, Richard F. (1998).
4344:September 23, 2021, at the
3504:
3464:
2205:, population in the south (
2148:Alladale Wilderness Reserve
1501:, lungworm, and roundworm.
757:, the species was known as
686:
424:: 'elk' or 'elks'; used in
10:
14699:
14638:NatureServe secure species
8230:Baskin, Leonid M. (2009).
7939:"2010 Aerial Moose Survey"
7856:February 20, 2016, at the
7582:Quaternary Science Reviews
7467:. Nordjyske. 2 June 2020.
7212:, no. 5 (1991): 1255-1260.
6478:Wattles, David W. (2011).
6181:"Moose population decline"
6073:) and reintroduced bison (
5709:27, no. 2 (1990): 145-151.
4913:Fairbanks Daily News-Miner
4730:. Gibbs Smith. p. 21.
4649:November 25, 2010, at the
4349:. Stackpole Books. p. 244.
4091:, Voyager Press, pp.
3653:
3072:
2990:A moose and its reflection
2981:
2649:. Its range goes from the
1659:
988:, either by accidental or
900:
728:
726:, the animal was known as
434:) is the world's tallest,
40:
29:
14673:Mammals described in 1758
14527:
14204:
14128:
14057:
13954:
13881:
13867:
13793:
13728:
13700:
13676:
13667:
13663:
13649:
13616:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
13607:Domestic Bactrian camel (
13595:
13544:
13531:
13517:
13481:
13457:
13433:
13424:
13306:
13273:
13249:
13216:
13192:
13171:North Sulawesi babirusa (
13150:
13141:
13137:
13123:
13087:
13045:
12868:
12859:
12813:
12789:
12765:
12723:
12672:
12648:
12639:
12611:
12587:
12580:
12534:
12474:
12450:
12363:
12312:
12288:
12264:
12240:
12231:
12227:
12206:
12161:
12062:
12053:
12025:
12001:
11896:
11836:
11827:
11799:
11775:
11766:
11762:
11741:
11700:
11676:
11598:
11574:
11550:
11526:
11475:
11451:
11400:
11295:
11271:
11247:
11223:
11219:
11198:
11178:
11166:
11154:
11117:
11080:
11056:
11023:
10999:
10990:
10953:
10916:
10870:
10810:
10801:
10773:
10722:
10689:
10680:
10676:
10660:
10606:
10572:
10538:
10514:
10490:
10460:Amazonian brown brocket (
10394:
10361:
10337:
10304:
10280:
10256:
10247:
10183:
10132:
10108:
10075:
10024:
9991:
9967:
9835:
9822:
9806:
9793:Large family listed below
9786:
9781:Large family listed below
9774:
9758:Williamson's mouse-deer (
9701:
9659:
9635:
9626:
9535:
9480:
9456:
9447:
9410:
9406:
9392:
9354:
9238:Strong, Paul (May 1998).
8936:January 17, 2011, at the
8917:January 14, 2007, at the
8822:10.1007/s00267-018-1058-x
8007:November 9, 2011, at the
7709:– via ResearchGate.
7236:10.1007/s10344-009-0272-5
6850:Wildlife Society Bulletin
6650:November 8, 2010, at the
6593:October 15, 2007, at the
6091:10.1007/s10344-018-1184-z
5945:10.1007/s00265-011-1234-y
5820:The Canadian Encyclopedia
4771:Dalrymple, Byron (1983).
4702:, Voyager Press, p.
4560:10.1186/s12983-016-0165-x
4494:Swedish Wildlife Research
4364:January 20, 2012, at the
4225:10.1007/s10344-007-0165-4
4167:Annales Zoologici Fennici
3955:. Mammalian Species, 1-7.
3951:Franzmann, A. W. (1981).
3905:. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
3853:Dictionary.com Unabridged
3814:Oxford English Dictionary
3780:Oxford English Dictionary
3718:Oxford English Dictionary
3626:Oxford English Dictionary
3471:Newfoundland and Labrador
3437:, which had a herd of 33
3312:Newfoundland and Labrador
3054:In book 8, chapter 16 of
2411:at around the end of the
2249:An artist's rendition of
1791:Yellowstone National Park
1554:Calves nursing in spring.
1131:
1066:
392:
385:
380:
371:
348:
341:
216:Scientific classification
214:
194:
172:
163:
158:
149:
144:
135:
59:Late Pleistocene â Recent
52:
14668:Mammals of North America
11857:Domestic water buffalo (
10222:Central Asian red deer (
9847:Bornean yellow muntjac (
9106:Suomen kunnallisvaakunat
9026:Björklöf, Sune. (1995).
8802:Environmental Management
7806:. Hww.ca. Archived from
7683:by Robert Allen Martin,
6612:August 11, 2010, at the
5163:. Hww.ca. Archived from
5029:10.2192/URSUS-D-22-00007
4960:August 17, 2011, at the
4934:. CABI. pp. 72â77.
4846:Geist, Valerius (1998).
3901:Robinson, Bruce (2019).
3876:"Moose Facts from Maine"
3548:: e.T56003281A22157381.
3530:Hundertmark, K. (2016).
2977:Relationship with humans
2653:in the west and most of
2415:to the beginning of the
1364:Moose attacked by wolves
545:contiguous United States
41:Not to be confused with
12735:Bates' pygmy antelope (
12522:Soemmerring's gazelle (
10627:Yucatan brown brocket (
9856:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
9740:Philippine mouse-deer (
9202:. Voyageur Press (MN).
9183:. Lerner Publications.
7902:, National Park Service
7875:April 30, 2017, at the
7752:Journal of Biogeography
6540:Wattles, David (2011).
5420:Carnivores of the World
5089:Mattson, D. J. (1997).
3819:Oxford University Press
3785:Oxford University Press
3758:Bailey, Nathan (1731).
3669:A GreekâEnglish Lexicon
3629:(2nd ed.). 1989 .
3120:". While the flesh has
2498:: around 14,000 in 2016
2275:Replica of an American
1781:, and smaller areas of
1761:and as far west as the
1709:, northern and eastern
1430:Somniosus microcephalus
1280:), moose cannot digest
1197:Moose lack upper front
1149:
1054:Proboscis and olfaction
782:
762:
699:is called a "moose" in
543:having the most of the
27:Largest species of deer
13994:Cougar (mountain lion)
13875:
13445:White-lipped peccary (
13381:Philippine warty pig (
13006:Yellow-backed duiker (
12970:Black-fronted duiker (
12943:White-bellied duiker (
12564:Przewalski's gazelle (
11787:Four-horned antelope (
10585:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
10144:Visayan spotted deer (
10003:European fallow deer (
9946:Northern red muntjac (
9892:Southern red muntjac (
9033:July 14, 2011, at the
9013:July 19, 2011, at the
8901:on September 28, 2008.
8619:July 12, 2010, at the
8296:June 20, 2012, at the
8291:salenalgen.se Om Àlgar
8134:June 27, 2013, at the
8077:Statistisk sentralbyrÄ
8026:July 24, 2010, at the
7804:"Hinterland Who's Who"
7091:. InsideClimate News.
6855:, no. 1 (2017): 88-97.
6631:June 22, 2010, at the
5901:Aug 2002 â Page 75--77
4683:Journey to New England
4335:Geist, Valerius (1998)
4129:10.1098/rspb.1993.0154
3721:(3rd ed.). 2012.
3501:
3414:
3277:
3266:
3258:
3170:
3104:Moose are hunted as a
3101:
3085:
3070:
3052:
2999:
2991:
2280:
2268:
2255:
2181:and increasing on the
2104:Kampinos National Park
2004:
1992:
1889:Gulf of Saint Lawrence
1669:
1631:
1518:
1440:
1374:Panthera tigris tigris
1365:
1357:
1162:
1076:
997:numerous pearl-shaped
977:
929:
918:
866:
810:
741:
701:North American English
490:, thriving in cooler,
36:Alces (disambiguation)
32:Moose (disambiguation)
14499:Paleobiology Database
13873:
13625:Wild Bactrian camel (
13327:Bornean bearded pig (
13318:Palawan bearded pig (
12907:White-legged duiker (
12333:Red-fronted gazelle (
10012:Persian fallow deer (
9928:Roosevelt's muntjac (
9601:Himalayan musk deer (
9510:Reticulated giraffe (
8982:. February 10, 2015.
8636:. Food Quality News.
8603:on February 13, 2009.
7264:. September 3, 2012.
6967:10.1139/cjz-2013-0175
6574:June 8, 2010, at the
6010:, killed by a Moose,
5965:US Fed News Service,
5471:on September 27, 2011
5325:Graves, Will (2007).
5167:on September 26, 2010
4696:Rodgers, Art (2001),
4083:Rodgers, Art (2001),
3660:Liddell, Henry George
3495:
3459:moose-mounted cavalry
3405:
3275:
3165:
3091:
3080:
3066:
3042:
2997:
2989:
2821:Northwest Territories
2322:, which lived in the
2274:
2261:
2248:
1998:
1985:
1933:Decline in population
1667:
1625:
1512:
1481:of moose include the
1438:
1363:
1344:
1327:Bull moose browses a
1160:
1074:
971:
924:
908:
864:
14333:Fauna Europaea (new)
13846:Snipe (common snipe)
13826:Ring-necked pheasant
13712:Pygmy hippopotamus (
13372:Oliver's warty pig (
12997:Red-flanked duiker (
12402:Erlanger's gazelle (
12122:Harnessed bushbuck (
11848:Wild water buffalo (
11325:East Caucasian tur (
11316:West Caucasian tur (
10469:Little red brocket (
9937:Truong Son muntjac (
9749:Vietnam mouse-deer (
9731:Greater mouse-deer (
9610:Siberian musk deer (
9220:Seasons of the Moose
9180:North American Moose
8400:Jackson, K. (2009).
8266:"jagareforbundet.se"
8167:on January 10, 2019.
8073:"Elgjakt, 2015/2016"
8041:"Elgen truer skogen"
7366:– via YouTube.
7300:(Europe assessment)"
7120:. January 13, 2017.
6997:Ecological Modelling
6791:. October 16, 2013.
5721:"Moose Reproduction"
5467:(16). Archived from
5401:on November 24, 2010
5058:on November 29, 2009
4995:on November 15, 2010
4869:. Associated Press.
4804:North American Moose
4786:Farb, Peter (1966).
4752:on November 25, 2010
4728:Seasons of the Moose
4595:. bioweb.uwlax.edu.
4547:Frontiers in Zoology
4043:moosehuntinginfo.com
3996:on November 30, 2009
3882:on September 3, 2009
3485:municipalities. The
3337:Norwegian road sign.
3317:Trans-Canada Highway
3186:Consumption of offal
3146:polyunsaturated fats
2369:Cervalces carnutorum
2360:Cervalces carnutorum
2241:Evolutionary history
2217:) and are prized by
1865:, a former habitat.
1311:Bull moose eating a
825:Algonquian languages
805:, with the spelling
529:Prince Edward Island
13841:Sharp-tailed grouse
13811:Hungarian partridge
13345:Celebes warty pig (
13336:Visayan warty pig (
12952:Red forest duiker (
12684:GĂŒnther's dik-dik (
12546:Mongolian gazelle (
12351:Heuglin's gazelle (
12342:Thomson's gazelle (
11496:Long-tailed goral (
10891:Mountain reedbuck (
10882:Southern reedbuck (
10734:East African oryx (
10636:White-tailed deer (
10415:Small red brocket (
10382:South Andean deer (
10325:Siberian roe deer (
10316:European roe deer (
10153:Philippine sambar (
10120:PĂšre David's deer (
9722:Lesser mouse-deer (
9583:Kashmir musk deer (
8814:2018EnMan..62..518Z
8673:1988ScTEn..71..173G
8614:Aerial Hunting FAQs
8272:on December 3, 2013
7764:2020JBiog..47.2223M
7685:Anthony D. Barnosky
7594:2005QSRv...24..775B
7548:. October 6, 2005.
7419:on January 19, 2012
7389:on January 27, 2010
7312:: e.T41782A10539156
7048:2021JWMan..85.1423D
7009:2011EcMod.222.3355R
6919:. Springer Nature.
6917:Scientific American
6879:2021JWMan..85..156F
6735:on December 9, 2013
6357:. Dfw.state.or.us.
6331:. August 21, 2006.
6157:. 7 November 2017.
5937:2011BEcoS..65.2251B
5856:on November 5, 2009
5792:on December 7, 2009
5677:10.7589/2014-02-037
5560:2021IJPPW..15..120R
5519:2021JWMan..85.1423D
5191:www.adfg.alaska.gov
5076:Opseth, O. (1998).
4930:Frasef, A. (2012).
4896:. CABI. p. 24.
3817:(Online ed.).
3783:(Online ed.).
3435:Kostroma Moose Farm
3380:Canadian road sign.
3180:habitat destruction
3110:Henry David Thoreau
2966:and North and West
2721:Kamchatka Peninsula
2409:Cervalces latifrons
2399:Cervalces latifrons
2379:Cervalces latifrons
2374:Cervalces latifrons
2265:Cervalces latifrons
2183:Kamchatka Peninsula
1767:Washington Cascades
1457:fully-grown moose.
1145:Ecology and biology
1081:even-toed ungulates
984:If a bull moose is
724:Classical Antiquity
681:Their mating season
488:Northern Hemisphere
399:Linnaeus, 1758
166:Conservation status
14065:American alligator
13876:
13493:Collared peccary (
13363:Flores warty pig (
13204:Giant forest hog (
13066:Maxwell's duiker (
12988:Ruwenzori duiker (
12934:Jentink's duiker (
12843:Sharpe's grysbok (
12599:Tibetan antelope (
12504:Bright's gazelle (
12438:Goitered gazelle (
12411:Mountain gazelle (
12384:Cuvier's gazelle (
12324:Mongalla gazelle (
11712:Pyrenean chamois (
11138:Tibetan antelope (
11092:Black wildebeest (
9919:Reeves's muntjac (
9883:Sumatran muntjac (
9874:Gongshan muntjac (
9647:Water chevrotain (
9574:Alpine musk deer (
9501:Southern giraffe (
9492:Northern giraffe (
9285:2013-07-23 at the
9242:Wild Moose Country
9168:2012-03-20 at the
9056:collections.mun.ca
8573:. Nutrition Data.
8542:Henry Thomas Riley
8109:on October 6, 2015
7898:2021-04-08 at the
7337:2011-05-14 at the
7057:10.1002/jwmg.22101
6887:10.1002/jwmg.21963
6305:on October 5, 2007
5899:Field & Stream
5746:Ruff, Sue (1999).
5528:10.1002/jwmg.22101
5353:on August 2, 2009.
4315:. pp. 79â81.
3964:Nowak, Ronald W.,
3933:on January 2, 2008
3691:A Latin Dictionary
3502:
3489:features a moose.
3431:selective breeding
3415:
3410:and is located in
3392:Finnish road sign.
3278:
3228:Vehicle collisions
3102:
3086:
3018:, adjacent to the
3000:
2992:
2944:Caucasus Mountains
2755:Atlantic Provinces
2707:basin east to the
2629:A. a. pfizenmayeri
2413:Middle Pleistocene
2395:Middle Pleistocene
2355:Libralces gallicus
2332:Libralces gallicus
2319:Libralces gallicus
2281:
2269:
2256:
2252:Libralces gallicus
2144:Scottish Highlands
2005:
1993:
1903:Cow and bull moose
1863:Catskill Mountains
1831:Canadian Maritimes
1670:
1632:
1519:
1483:moose nose bot fly
1448:, causing massive
1441:
1366:
1358:
1167:browsing herbivore
1163:
1077:
978:
930:
919:
867:
818:Continental Europe
711:, also called the
703:, but an "elk" in
496:subarctic climates
14678:Symbols of Alaska
14663:Mammals of Europe
14620:
14619:
14486:Open Tree of Life
14198:Taxon identifiers
14189:
14188:
14161:Waterfowl hunting
14009:White-tailed deer
13874:Waterfowl hunters
13755:
13754:
13751:
13750:
13747:
13746:
13724:
13723:
13645:
13644:
13641:
13640:
13637:
13636:
13513:
13512:
13509:
13508:
13505:
13504:
13469:Chacoan peccary (
13420:
13419:
13408:Javan warty pig (
13399:Timor warty pig (
13206:H. meinertzhageni
13180:Togian babirusa (
13119:
13118:
13115:
13114:
13111:
13110:
13075:Walter's duiker (
13015:Abbott's duiker (
12979:Ogilby's duiker (
12925:Harvey's duiker (
12889:Brooke's duiker (
12855:
12854:
12635:
12634:
12576:
12575:
12513:Peter's gazelle (
12495:Grant's gazelle (
12429:Speke's gazelle (
12202:
12201:
12198:
12197:
12194:
12193:
12079:
12049:
12048:
12037:African buffalo (
11868:B. depressicornis
11823:
11822:
11737:
11736:
11733:
11732:
11505:Himalayan goral (
11327:C. cylindricornis
11194:
11193:
11190:
11189:
11150:
11149:
11113:
11112:
11101:Blue wildebeest (
11035:Common tsessebe (
10986:
10985:
10949:
10948:
10912:
10911:
10824:K. ellipsiprymnus
10797:
10796:
10656:
10655:
10652:
10651:
10648:
10647:
10596:P. mephistophiles
10552:P. mephistophiles
10243:
10242:
9939:M. truongsonensis
9901:Pu Hoat muntjac (
9802:
9801:
9798:
9797:
9770:
9769:
9713:Java mouse-deer (
9622:
9621:
9592:Black musk deer (
9565:Dwarf musk deer (
9556:Anhui musk deer (
9531:
9530:
9494:G. camelopardalis
9443:
9442:
9253:978-1-55971-638-3
9230:978-0-87905-455-7
9209:978-0-89658-422-8
9190:978-1-57505-426-1
8523:978-0-217-45287-8
8498:978-0-08-048882-0
8404:. Reaktion Books.
8314:Svenska Dagbladet
8181:. 31 March 2021.
8079:. 18 March 2016.
7951:on August 8, 2017
7840:on July 24, 2011.
7810:on April 24, 2013
7773:10.1111/jbi.13935
7758:(10): 2223â2234.
7649:978-3-319-65038-8
7501:978-0-19-558320-5
7354:. 24 April 2009.
7003:(18): 3355â3365.
6818:(April 7, 2014).
6674:on August 4, 2010
6569:Living With Moose
6449:978-0-932027-71-9
6329:The Seattle Times
6027:Rines, Kristine.
5931:(12): 2251â2260.
5765:978-1-56098-845-8
5727:on April 24, 2008
5628:10.2981/wlb.00619
5445:September 2, 2001
5428:978-0-691-15228-8
5338:978-1-55059-332-7
5269:978-0-7603-2654-1
4941:978-1-84593-926-7
4713:978-0-89658-521-8
4496:. Suppl.: 367â375
4322:978-1-4613-8968-2
4102:978-0-89658-521-8
4027:978-0-85112-235-9
3974:978-0-8018-5789-8
3912:978-1-135-28597-5
3832:(Subscription or
3791:(Subscription or
3014:. Excavations in
2974:
2973:
2839:and northeastern
2365:Early Pleistocene
2328:Early Pleistocene
2309:(stag moose) and
2293:Early Pleistocene
2173:and Northeastern
2113:BiaĆowieĆŒa Forest
1955:white-tailed deer
1521:Moose are mostly
1493:of moose include
1337:Natural predators
1158:
765:derived from the
755:Early Middle Ages
751:Germanic language
709:Cervus canadensis
650:of moose include
635:and northwestern
494:areas as well as
406:
405:
323:
209:
189:
16:(Redirected from
14690:
14613:
14612:
14600:
14599:
14587:
14586:
14574:
14573:
14561:
14560:
14548:
14547:
14546:
14520:
14519:
14507:
14506:
14494:
14493:
14481:
14480:
14468:
14467:
14458:
14457:
14445:
14444:
14432:
14431:
14419:
14418:
14406:
14405:
14393:
14392:
14380:
14379:
14367:
14366:
14354:
14353:
14341:
14340:
14328:
14327:
14315:
14314:
14302:
14301:
14289:
14288:
14276:
14275:
14263:
14262:
14253:
14252:
14240:
14239:
14238:
14225:
14224:
14223:
14193:
14192:
14141:Big-game hunting
13926:Northern pintail
13782:
13775:
13768:
13759:
13758:
13674:
13673:
13665:
13664:
13651:
13650:
13542:
13541:
13533:
13532:
13519:
13518:
13431:
13430:
13237:Common warthog (
13228:Desert warthog (
13148:
13147:
13139:
13138:
13125:
13124:
13024:Weyns's duiker (
12898:Peters' duiker (
12880:Aders's duiker (
12866:
12865:
12753:Royal antelope (
12711:Salt's dik-dik (
12702:Silver dik-dik (
12693:Kirk's dik-dik (
12646:
12645:
12623:Saiga antelope (
12585:
12584:
12524:N. soemmerringii
12393:Dorcas gazelle (
12238:
12237:
12229:
12228:
12222:
12208:
12207:
12095:Mountain nyala (
12078:
12077:
12069:
12060:
12059:
12015:P. nghetinhensis
11917:European bison (
11908:American bison (
11834:
11833:
11773:
11772:
11764:
11763:
11757:
11743:
11742:
11619:Domestic sheep (
11463:Himalayan tahr (
11430:Mainland serow (
11412:Japanese serow (
11221:
11220:
11214:
11200:
11199:
11124:
11123:
10997:
10996:
10960:
10959:
10923:
10922:
10900:Bohor reedbuck (
10808:
10807:
10787:A. nasomaculatus
10710:Sable antelope (
10687:
10686:
10678:
10677:
10671:
10662:
10661:
10424:Merida brocket (
10254:
10253:
10195:Thorold's deer (
10047:A. calamianensis
9930:M. rooseveltorum
9876:M. gongshanensis
9833:
9832:
9824:
9823:
9817:
9808:
9807:
9633:
9632:
9542:
9541:
9521:G. tippelskirchi
9454:
9453:
9417:
9416:
9408:
9407:
9394:
9393:
9339:
9332:
9325:
9316:
9315:
9307:
9305:
9304:
9295:. Archived from
9276:
9257:
9245:
9234:
9213:
9194:
9150:
9149:
9147:
9145:
9134:www.michigan.gov
9126:
9120:
9119:
9102:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9092:
9077:
9071:
9070:
9068:
9067:
9048:
9042:
9039:PopulÀr Historia
9024:
9018:
9006:
9002:
8996:
8995:
8993:
8991:
8973:
8967:
8966:
8964:
8962:
8947:
8941:
8928:
8922:
8909:
8903:
8902:
8887:
8881:
8878:
8872:
8860:
8856:
8850:
8849:
8797:
8791:
8785:
8779:
8778:
8772:
8764:
8762:
8760:
8754:
8747:
8739:
8733:
8725:
8719:
8718:
8716:
8714:
8699:
8693:
8692:
8656:
8650:
8649:
8647:
8645:
8630:
8624:
8611:
8605:
8604:
8599:. Archived from
8593:
8587:
8586:
8584:
8582:
8567:
8561:
8560:
8558:
8557:
8548:. Archived from
8534:
8528:
8527:
8509:
8503:
8502:
8482:
8476:
8475:
8473:
8471:
8466:on June 21, 2007
8462:. Archived from
8456:
8450:
8443:
8437:
8436:
8434:
8432:
8426:
8419:
8411:
8405:
8398:
8392:
8389:
8383:
8382:
8380:
8378:
8373:on June 20, 2013
8363:
8352:
8336:
8330:
8329:
8327:
8325:
8306:
8300:
8288:
8282:
8281:
8279:
8277:
8262:
8256:
8255:
8253:
8251:
8227:
8221:
8220:
8218:
8216:
8211:on July 27, 2013
8201:
8195:
8194:
8192:
8190:
8175:
8169:
8168:
8153:
8147:
8146:
8125:
8119:
8118:
8116:
8114:
8099:
8093:
8092:
8090:
8088:
8069:
8063:
8062:
8060:
8058:
8049:(in Norwegian).
8037:
8031:
8018:
8012:
7999:
7993:
7992:
7990:
7988:
7982:
7975:
7967:
7961:
7960:
7958:
7956:
7950:
7944:. Archived from
7943:
7935:
7929:
7928:
7926:
7924:
7909:
7903:
7890:
7884:
7881:Billings Gazette
7867:
7861:
7848:
7842:
7841:
7836:. Archived from
7826:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7815:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7775:
7743:
7737:
7736:
7734:
7732:
7717:
7711:
7710:
7694:
7688:
7678:
7669:
7663:
7654:
7653:
7626:
7617:
7616:
7614:
7613:
7588:(5â6): 775â805.
7573:
7562:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7538:
7532:
7531:
7529:
7527:
7512:
7506:
7505:
7487:
7481:
7480:
7478:
7476:
7461:
7455:
7454:
7452:
7450:
7435:
7429:
7428:
7426:
7424:
7409:"European Elk -
7405:
7399:
7398:
7396:
7394:
7385:. Archived from
7374:
7368:
7367:
7365:
7363:
7348:
7342:
7328:
7322:
7321:
7319:
7317:
7287:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7273:
7254:
7248:
7247:
7219:
7213:
7199:
7193:
7192:
7190:
7188:
7176:The Boston Globe
7166:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7155:
7140:
7134:
7133:
7131:
7129:
7118:The Boston Globe
7111:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7100:
7084:
7078:
7077:
7059:
7042:(7): 1423â1439.
7027:
7021:
7020:
6992:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6981:
6975:
6952:
6939:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6928:
6908:
6899:
6898:
6862:
6856:
6846:
6840:
6839:
6837:
6835:
6816:Hari Sreenivasan
6811:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6800:
6781:
6775:
6774:
6772:
6770:
6751:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6740:
6731:. Archived from
6720:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6709:
6690:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6679:
6670:. Archived from
6664:
6655:
6642:
6636:
6623:
6617:
6604:
6598:
6585:
6579:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6526:
6511:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6500:
6486:
6475:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6433:
6427:
6426:
6420:
6411:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6400:
6380:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6351:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6340:
6321:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6295:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6266:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6202:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6177:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6166:
6145:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6134:
6114:
6103:
6102:
6071:Alces americanus
6066:
6060:
6057:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6046:
6040:
6033:
6024:
6015:
6004:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5993:
5976:
5970:
5963:
5957:
5956:
5920:
5914:
5908:
5902:
5896:
5890:
5884:
5878:
5872:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5861:
5846:
5840:
5837:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5811:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5788:. Archived from
5776:
5770:
5769:
5753:
5743:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5723:. Archived from
5716:
5710:
5703:
5697:
5696:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5630:
5615:Wildlife Biology
5606:
5600:
5599:
5589:
5579:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5513:(7): 1423â1439.
5498:
5492:
5491:
5478:
5476:
5452:
5446:
5436:
5430:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5371:on March 8, 2008
5361:
5355:
5354:
5349:. Archived from
5322:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5253:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5237:on June 17, 2012
5236:
5229:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5183:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5140:
5109:
5100:
5094:
5087:
5081:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4984:
4978:
4971:
4965:
4952:
4946:
4945:
4927:
4921:
4920:
4915:. Archived from
4904:
4898:
4897:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4843:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4826:
4798:
4792:
4791:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4748:. Archived from
4738:
4732:
4731:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4663:
4654:
4641:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4615:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4572:
4562:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4436:. Archived from
4425:
4419:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4392:
4388:
4382:
4378:
4369:
4356:
4350:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4304:
4293:
4292:
4274:
4263:
4260:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4187:
4164:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4080:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4035:
4029:
4015:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3985:
3976:
3962:
3956:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3810:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3788:
3776:
3769:
3763:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3705:
3699:
3683:
3677:
3656:
3655:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3613:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3557:
3527:
3487:Seal of Michigan
3408:Second World War
3389:
3377:
3361:
3346:
3334:
3293:Norwegian kroner
3140:), it has a low
2938:A. a. caucasicus
2933:
2883:
2868:and the western
2856:
2809:British Columbia
2799:
2736:
2678:Ranges from the
2674:A. a. cameloides
2624:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2440:In United States
2417:Late Pleistocene
2404:Cervalces scotti
2357:was followed by
2207:A. a. cameloides
1924:
1912:
1900:
1885:Anticosti Island
1747:British Columbia
1703:Vancouver Island
1591:
1577:
1563:
1549:
1398:Ursus americanus
1324:
1308:
1293:
1252:
1243:
1159:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1008:
976:) in early June.
954:A. a. bedfordiae
950:A. a. americanus
887:
886:
882:
879:
865:Crossing a river
847:Proto-Algonquian
763:elch, elh, eolh,
744:
731:
730:
672:solitary animals
642:Predominantly a
423:
415:
400:
381:Moose range map
376:
354:
318:
224:
223:
203:
200:
199:
183:
178:
177:
154:
140:
130:
60:
56:Temporal range:
50:
49:
21:
14698:
14697:
14693:
14692:
14691:
14689:
14688:
14687:
14658:Mammals of Asia
14653:Holarctic fauna
14623:
14622:
14621:
14616:
14608:
14603:
14595:
14590:
14582:
14577:
14569:
14564:
14556:
14551:
14542:
14541:
14536:
14523:
14515:
14510:
14502:
14497:
14489:
14484:
14476:
14473:Observation.org
14471:
14463:
14461:
14453:
14448:
14440:
14435:
14427:
14422:
14414:
14409:
14401:
14396:
14388:
14383:
14375:
14370:
14362:
14357:
14349:
14344:
14336:
14331:
14323:
14318:
14310:
14305:
14297:
14292:
14284:
14279:
14271:
14266:
14258:
14256:
14248:
14243:
14234:
14233:
14228:
14219:
14218:
14213:
14200:
14190:
14185:
14124:
14053:
13984:Bison (buffalo)
13950:
13877:
13865:
13816:Prairie chicken
13789:
13786:
13756:
13743:
13720:
13696:
13659:
13633:
13591:
13527:
13501:
13477:
13453:
13416:
13383:S. philippensis
13320:S. ahoenobarbus
13302:
13294:Red river hog (
13269:
13245:
13212:
13188:
13162:Buru babirusa (
13133:
13107:
13099:Common duiker (
13083:
13041:
12851:
12809:
12785:
12761:
12719:
12668:
12631:
12607:
12572:
12557:P. picticaudata
12530:
12470:
12446:
12440:G. subgutturosa
12359:
12308:
12284:
12260:
12223:
12212:
12190:
12157:
12149:Cape bushbuck (
12142:T. strepsiceros
12071:
12070:
12068:
12045:
12021:
11997:
11892:
11884:Mountain anoa (
11819:
11813:B. tragocamelus
11795:
11789:T. quadricornis
11758:
11747:
11729:
11696:
11672:
11628:Bighorn sheep (
11594:
11570:
11546:
11538:Mountain goat (
11522:
11514:Chinese goral (
11471:
11447:
11432:C. sumatraensis
11396:
11379:Siberian ibex (
11343:Domestic goat (
11291:
11267:
11243:
11235:Barbary sheep (
11215:
11204:
11186:
11174:
11162:
11146:
11109:
11076:
11052:
11019:
10982:
10945:
10908:
10866:
10793:
10769:
10743:Scimitar oryx (
10718:
10701:Roan antelope (
10672:
10666:
10644:
10602:
10594:Northern pudu (
10568:
10560:Southern pudu (
10550:Northern pudu (
10534:
10510:
10486:
10451:Pygmy brocket (
10433:Dwarf brocket (
10390:
10357:
10333:
10300:
10276:
10239:
10179:
10128:
10104:
10071:
10045:Calamian deer (
10020:
10014:D. mesopotamica
9987:
9963:
9957:M. vuquangensis
9955:Giant muntjac (
9865:Fea's muntjac (
9818:
9812:
9794:
9782:
9766:
9697:
9655:
9618:
9576:M. chrysogaster
9527:
9519:Masai giraffe (
9476:
9439:
9402:
9388:
9350:
9343:
9302:
9300:
9291:
9287:Wayback Machine
9267:
9264:
9254:
9231:
9223:. Gibbs Smith.
9210:
9191:
9170:Wayback Machine
9158:
9156:Further reading
9153:
9143:
9141:
9128:
9127:
9123:
9116:
9104:
9103:
9099:
9090:
9088:
9079:
9078:
9074:
9065:
9063:
9050:
9049:
9045:
9035:Wayback Machine
9025:
9021:
9015:Wayback Machine
9004:
9003:
8999:
8989:
8987:
8975:
8974:
8970:
8960:
8958:
8957:on May 13, 2008
8949:
8948:
8944:
8938:Wayback Machine
8929:
8925:
8919:Wayback Machine
8910:
8906:
8889:
8888:
8884:
8879:
8875:
8858:
8857:
8853:
8798:
8794:
8786:
8782:
8766:
8765:
8758:
8756:
8752:
8745:
8743:"Archived copy"
8741:
8740:
8736:
8726:
8722:
8712:
8710:
8709:on July 3, 2019
8701:
8700:
8696:
8657:
8653:
8643:
8641:
8632:
8631:
8627:
8621:Wayback Machine
8612:
8608:
8595:
8594:
8590:
8580:
8578:
8569:
8568:
8564:
8555:
8553:
8535:
8531:
8524:
8510:
8506:
8499:
8483:
8479:
8469:
8467:
8458:
8457:
8453:
8444:
8440:
8430:
8428:
8424:
8417:
8413:
8412:
8408:
8399:
8395:
8390:
8386:
8376:
8374:
8365:
8364:
8355:
8349:Wayback Machine
8337:
8333:
8323:
8321:
8308:
8307:
8303:
8298:Wayback Machine
8289:
8285:
8275:
8273:
8264:
8263:
8259:
8249:
8247:
8228:
8224:
8214:
8212:
8203:
8202:
8198:
8188:
8186:
8177:
8176:
8172:
8155:
8154:
8150:
8144:
8136:Wayback Machine
8126:
8122:
8112:
8110:
8101:
8100:
8096:
8086:
8084:
8071:
8070:
8066:
8056:
8054:
8039:
8038:
8034:
8028:Wayback Machine
8019:
8015:
8009:Wayback Machine
8000:
7996:
7986:
7984:
7980:
7973:
7969:
7968:
7964:
7954:
7952:
7948:
7941:
7937:
7936:
7932:
7922:
7920:
7911:
7910:
7906:
7900:Wayback Machine
7891:
7887:
7877:Wayback Machine
7868:
7864:
7858:Wayback Machine
7849:
7845:
7828:
7827:
7823:
7813:
7811:
7802:
7801:
7797:
7744:
7740:
7730:
7728:
7719:
7718:
7714:
7695:
7691:
7679:
7672:
7664:
7657:
7650:
7627:
7620:
7611:
7609:
7574:
7565:
7555:
7553:
7540:
7539:
7535:
7525:
7523:
7514:
7513:
7509:
7502:
7488:
7484:
7474:
7472:
7463:
7462:
7458:
7448:
7446:
7437:
7436:
7432:
7422:
7420:
7407:
7406:
7402:
7392:
7390:
7375:
7371:
7361:
7359:
7350:
7349:
7345:
7339:Wayback Machine
7329:
7325:
7315:
7313:
7288:
7281:
7271:
7269:
7256:
7255:
7251:
7220:
7216:
7200:
7196:
7186:
7184:
7167:
7163:
7153:
7151:
7142:
7141:
7137:
7127:
7125:
7113:
7112:
7108:
7098:
7096:
7085:
7081:
7028:
7024:
6993:
6989:
6979:
6977:
6973:
6961:(12): 893â898.
6950:
6940:
6936:
6926:
6924:
6909:
6902:
6863:
6859:
6847:
6843:
6833:
6831:
6812:
6808:
6798:
6796:
6783:
6782:
6778:
6768:
6766:
6753:
6752:
6748:
6738:
6736:
6721:
6717:
6707:
6705:
6692:
6691:
6687:
6677:
6675:
6666:
6665:
6658:
6652:Wayback Machine
6643:
6639:
6633:Wayback Machine
6624:
6620:
6614:Wayback Machine
6605:
6601:
6595:Wayback Machine
6586:
6582:
6576:Wayback Machine
6567:
6563:
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6538:
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6418:
6412:
6408:
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6381:
6374:
6364:
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6318:
6308:
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6283:
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6232:
6228:
6219:
6217:
6204:
6203:
6199:
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6132:
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6115:
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6067:
6063:
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6025:
6018:
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5991:
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5869:
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5843:
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5773:
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5499:
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5404:
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5389:
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5372:
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5339:
5323:
5319:
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5289:
5279:
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5270:
5254:
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5234:
5227:
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5222:
5218:
5213:
5209:
5200:
5198:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5170:
5168:
5159:
5158:
5154:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5124:10.2307/3872518
5107:
5101:
5097:
5088:
5084:
5075:
5071:
5061:
5059:
5048:
5044:
5012:
5008:
4998:
4996:
4985:
4981:
4972:
4968:
4962:Wayback Machine
4953:
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4890:
4886:
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4859:
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4769:
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4755:
4753:
4740:
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4735:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4694:
4690:
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4651:Wayback Machine
4642:
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4426:
4422:
4417:
4413:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4385:
4379:
4372:
4366:Wayback Machine
4357:
4353:
4346:Wayback Machine
4334:
4330:
4323:
4313:Springer-Verlag
4305:
4296:
4289:
4275:
4266:
4242:
4240:
4205:
4201:
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4189:
4185:
4162:
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4114:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4081:
4062:
4052:
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4037:
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4032:
4016:
4009:
3999:
3997:
3986:
3979:
3963:
3959:
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3934:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3913:
3899:
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3883:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3859:
3857:
3846:
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3841:
3831:
3823:
3821:
3804:
3800:
3790:
3770:
3766:
3757:
3753:
3742:
3738:
3728:
3726:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3696:Perseus Project
3684:
3680:
3674:Perseus Project
3650:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3615:
3614:
3603:
3593:
3591:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3560:
3558:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3507:
3467:
3400:
3393:
3390:
3381:
3378:
3369:
3362:
3353:
3347:
3338:
3335:
3230:
3188:
3114:The Maine Woods
3075:
3061:Natural History
3056:Pliny the Elder
2984:
2979:
2948:European Russia
2823:, southwestern
2804:A. a. andersoni
2741:A. a. americana
2699:A. a. buturlini
2529:
2510:: maximum of 50
2465:Europe and Asia
2456:Upper Peninsula
2425:
2243:
2227:
2211:A. a. buturlini
2203:Bergmann's rule
2196:Kamchatka River
2043:, and northern
1990:
1980:
1978:Europe and Asia
1935:
1928:
1925:
1916:
1913:
1904:
1901:
1795:Uinta Mountains
1735:Upper Peninsula
1719:Rocky Mountains
1697:(excluding the
1683:
1662:
1657:
1604:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1513:Display at the
1507:
1474:
1426:Greenland shark
1370:Siberian tigers
1339:
1332:
1325:
1316:
1309:
1300:
1294:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1219:trembling aspen
1215:deciduous trees
1165:The moose is a
1154:
1152:
1147:
1134:
1105:
1069:
1056:
1012:
1003:
1002:
974:A. a. americana
903:
884:
880:
877:
875:
859:
836:Eastern Abenaki
705:British English
694:
689:
631:, northeastern
398:
367:
356:
350:
337:
317:
218:
210:
201:
197:
190:
179:
175:
168:
131:
129:
128:
127:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
58:
57:
54:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
14696:
14686:
14685:
14680:
14675:
14670:
14665:
14660:
14655:
14650:
14645:
14640:
14635:
14618:
14617:
14615:
14614:
14601:
14588:
14575:
14562:
14549:
14533:
14531:
14525:
14524:
14522:
14521:
14508:
14495:
14482:
14469:
14459:
14446:
14433:
14420:
14407:
14394:
14381:
14368:
14355:
14342:
14329:
14320:Fauna Europaea
14316:
14303:
14290:
14277:
14264:
14254:
14241:
14226:
14210:
14208:
14202:
14201:
14187:
14186:
14184:
14183:
14181:Upland hunting
14178:
14173:
14168:
14163:
14158:
14153:
14148:
14143:
14138:
14132:
14130:
14126:
14125:
14123:
14122:
14117:
14112:
14107:
14102:
14097:
14092:
14087:
14082:
14077:
14072:
14067:
14061:
14059:
14055:
14054:
14052:
14051:
14046:
14041:
14036:
14031:
14026:
14021:
14016:
14011:
14006:
14001:
13996:
13991:
13986:
13981:
13976:
13971:
13966:
13960:
13958:
13952:
13951:
13949:
13948:
13943:
13938:
13933:
13928:
13923:
13918:
13913:
13908:
13903:
13898:
13893:
13887:
13885:
13879:
13878:
13868:
13866:
13864:
13863:
13858:
13853:
13848:
13843:
13838:
13833:
13828:
13823:
13818:
13813:
13808:
13803:
13801:Bobwhite quail
13797:
13795:
13791:
13790:
13785:
13784:
13777:
13770:
13762:
13753:
13752:
13749:
13748:
13745:
13744:
13742:
13741:
13734:
13732:
13726:
13725:
13722:
13721:
13719:
13718:
13714:C. liberiensis
13708:
13706:
13698:
13697:
13695:
13694:
13688:Hippopotamus (
13684:
13682:
13671:
13669:Hippopotamidae
13661:
13660:
13647:
13646:
13643:
13642:
13639:
13638:
13635:
13634:
13632:
13631:
13622:
13618:C. dromedarius
13613:
13603:
13601:
13593:
13592:
13590:
13589:
13580:
13571:
13562:
13552:
13550:
13539:
13529:
13528:
13515:
13514:
13511:
13510:
13507:
13506:
13503:
13502:
13500:
13499:
13489:
13487:
13479:
13478:
13476:
13475:
13465:
13463:
13455:
13454:
13452:
13451:
13441:
13439:
13428:
13422:
13421:
13418:
13417:
13415:
13414:
13405:
13401:S. timoriensis
13396:
13387:
13378:
13369:
13360:
13354:Domestic pig (
13351:
13342:
13333:
13324:
13314:
13312:
13304:
13303:
13301:
13300:
13291:
13281:
13279:
13271:
13270:
13268:
13267:
13257:
13255:
13247:
13246:
13244:
13243:
13234:
13230:P. aethiopicus
13224:
13222:
13214:
13213:
13211:
13210:
13200:
13198:
13190:
13189:
13187:
13186:
13182:B. togeanensis
13177:
13168:
13158:
13156:
13145:
13135:
13134:
13121:
13120:
13117:
13116:
13113:
13112:
13109:
13108:
13106:
13105:
13095:
13093:
13085:
13084:
13082:
13081:
13072:
13063:
13053:
13051:
13043:
13042:
13040:
13039:
13033:Zebra duiker (
13030:
13021:
13012:
13008:C. silvicultor
13003:
12994:
12985:
12976:
12967:
12961:Black duiker (
12958:
12949:
12945:C. leucogaster
12940:
12931:
12922:
12913:
12904:
12895:
12886:
12876:
12874:
12863:
12857:
12856:
12853:
12852:
12850:
12849:
12840:
12834:Cape grysbok (
12831:
12821:
12819:
12811:
12810:
12808:
12807:
12797:
12795:
12787:
12786:
12784:
12783:
12777:Klipspringer (
12773:
12771:
12763:
12762:
12760:
12759:
12750:
12741:
12731:
12729:
12721:
12720:
12718:
12717:
12708:
12704:M. piacentinii
12699:
12690:
12680:
12678:
12670:
12669:
12667:
12666:
12656:
12654:
12643:
12637:
12636:
12633:
12632:
12630:
12629:
12619:
12617:
12609:
12608:
12606:
12605:
12595:
12593:
12582:
12578:
12577:
12574:
12573:
12571:
12570:
12566:P. przewalskii
12561:
12552:
12542:
12540:
12532:
12531:
12529:
12528:
12519:
12510:
12501:
12492:
12486:Dama gazelle (
12482:
12480:
12472:
12471:
12469:
12468:
12458:
12456:
12448:
12447:
12445:
12444:
12435:
12426:
12420:Rhim gazelle (
12417:
12408:
12399:
12390:
12381:
12371:
12369:
12361:
12360:
12358:
12357:
12348:
12339:
12330:
12320:
12318:
12310:
12309:
12307:
12306:
12296:
12294:
12286:
12285:
12283:
12282:
12278:A. marsupialis
12272:
12270:
12262:
12261:
12259:
12258:
12248:
12246:
12235:
12225:
12224:
12204:
12203:
12200:
12199:
12196:
12195:
12192:
12191:
12189:
12188:
12182:Common eland (
12179:
12169:
12167:
12159:
12158:
12156:
12155:
12146:
12140:Greater kudu (
12137:
12128:
12119:
12110:
12101:
12092:
12082:
12080:
12057:
12051:
12050:
12047:
12046:
12044:
12043:
12033:
12031:
12023:
12022:
12020:
12019:
12009:
12007:
11999:
11998:
11996:
11995:
11986:
11977:
11968:
11959:
11953:Domestic yak (
11950:
11941:
11932:
11923:
11914:
11904:
11902:
11894:
11893:
11891:
11890:
11881:
11877:B. mindorensis
11872:
11866:Lowland anoa (
11863:
11854:
11844:
11842:
11831:
11825:
11824:
11821:
11820:
11818:
11817:
11807:
11805:
11797:
11796:
11794:
11793:
11783:
11781:
11770:
11760:
11759:
11739:
11738:
11735:
11734:
11731:
11730:
11728:
11727:
11718:
11708:
11706:
11698:
11697:
11695:
11694:
11684:
11682:
11674:
11673:
11671:
11670:
11661:
11652:
11643:
11634:
11625:
11616:
11606:
11604:
11596:
11595:
11593:
11592:
11586:Nilgiri tahr (
11582:
11580:
11572:
11571:
11569:
11568:
11558:
11556:
11548:
11547:
11545:
11544:
11534:
11532:
11524:
11523:
11521:
11520:
11511:
11502:
11493:
11483:
11481:
11473:
11472:
11470:
11469:
11459:
11457:
11449:
11448:
11446:
11445:
11439:Taiwan serow (
11436:
11427:
11418:
11408:
11406:
11398:
11397:
11395:
11394:
11385:
11376:
11370:Iberian ibex (
11367:
11358:
11349:
11340:
11331:
11322:
11313:
11303:
11301:
11293:
11292:
11290:
11289:
11279:
11277:
11269:
11268:
11266:
11265:
11259:Arabian tahr (
11255:
11253:
11245:
11244:
11242:
11241:
11231:
11229:
11217:
11216:
11196:
11195:
11192:
11191:
11188:
11187:
11184:
11182:
11176:
11175:
11172:
11170:
11164:
11163:
11160:
11158:
11152:
11151:
11148:
11147:
11145:
11144:
11134:
11132:
11121:
11115:
11114:
11111:
11110:
11108:
11107:
11098:
11088:
11086:
11078:
11077:
11075:
11074:
11064:
11062:
11054:
11053:
11051:
11050:
11041:
11031:
11029:
11021:
11020:
11018:
11017:
11007:
11005:
10994:
10988:
10987:
10984:
10983:
10981:
10980:
10970:
10968:
10957:
10951:
10950:
10947:
10946:
10944:
10943:
10933:
10931:
10920:
10914:
10913:
10910:
10909:
10907:
10906:
10897:
10893:R. fulvorufula
10888:
10878:
10876:
10868:
10867:
10865:
10864:
10855:
10846:
10837:
10828:
10818:
10816:
10805:
10799:
10798:
10795:
10794:
10792:
10791:
10781:
10779:
10771:
10770:
10768:
10767:
10761:Arabian oryx (
10758:
10749:
10740:
10730:
10728:
10720:
10719:
10717:
10716:
10707:
10697:
10695:
10684:
10674:
10673:
10658:
10657:
10654:
10653:
10650:
10649:
10646:
10645:
10643:
10642:
10638:O. virginianus
10633:
10624:
10614:
10612:
10604:
10603:
10601:
10600:
10591:
10581:
10579:
10570:
10569:
10567:
10566:
10557:
10546:
10544:
10536:
10535:
10533:
10532:
10522:
10520:
10512:
10511:
10509:
10508:
10504:O. bezoarticus
10498:
10496:
10488:
10487:
10485:
10484:
10475:
10466:
10457:
10448:
10444:M. gouazoubira
10442:Gray brocket (
10439:
10430:
10421:
10412:
10402:
10400:
10392:
10391:
10389:
10388:
10379:
10369:
10367:
10359:
10358:
10356:
10355:
10345:
10343:
10335:
10334:
10332:
10331:
10322:
10312:
10310:
10302:
10301:
10299:
10298:
10288:
10286:
10278:
10277:
10275:
10274:
10264:
10262:
10251:
10245:
10244:
10241:
10240:
10238:
10237:
10228:
10219:
10210:
10201:
10197:C. albirostris
10191:
10189:
10181:
10180:
10178:
10177:
10168:
10159:
10150:
10140:
10138:
10130:
10129:
10127:
10126:
10116:
10114:
10106:
10105:
10103:
10102:
10093:
10083:
10081:
10073:
10072:
10070:
10069:
10060:
10051:
10042:
10032:
10030:
10022:
10021:
10019:
10018:
10009:
9999:
9997:
9989:
9988:
9986:
9985:
9981:E. cephalophus
9975:
9973:
9965:
9964:
9962:
9961:
9952:
9943:
9934:
9925:
9916:
9910:Leaf muntjac (
9907:
9903:M. puhoatensis
9898:
9889:
9880:
9871:
9862:
9853:
9843:
9841:
9830:
9820:
9819:
9804:
9803:
9800:
9799:
9796:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9784:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9772:
9771:
9768:
9767:
9765:
9764:
9760:T. williamsoni
9755:
9746:
9737:
9728:
9719:
9709:
9707:
9699:
9698:
9696:
9695:
9686:
9677:
9667:
9665:
9657:
9656:
9654:
9653:
9643:
9641:
9630:
9624:
9623:
9620:
9619:
9617:
9616:
9612:M. moschiferus
9607:
9603:M. leucogaster
9598:
9589:
9580:
9571:
9567:M. berezovskii
9562:
9552:
9550:
9539:
9533:
9532:
9529:
9528:
9526:
9525:
9516:
9507:
9498:
9488:
9486:
9478:
9477:
9475:
9474:
9464:
9462:
9451:
9445:
9444:
9441:
9440:
9438:
9437:
9427:
9425:
9414:
9412:Antilocapridae
9404:
9403:
9390:
9389:
9387:
9386:
9384:Laurasiatheria
9380:
9374:
9368:
9362:
9355:
9352:
9351:
9342:
9341:
9334:
9327:
9319:
9313:
9312:
9289:
9277:
9263:
9262:External links
9260:
9259:
9258:
9252:
9235:
9229:
9214:
9208:
9195:
9189:
9174:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9151:
9121:
9114:
9097:
9072:
9043:
9019:
8997:
8968:
8942:
8923:
8904:
8882:
8873:
8868:Dagens Nyheter
8851:
8808:(3): 518â528.
8792:
8780:
8734:
8720:
8694:
8667:(2): 173â186.
8651:
8625:
8606:
8588:
8562:
8529:
8522:
8504:
8497:
8477:
8451:
8438:
8406:
8393:
8384:
8353:
8331:
8301:
8283:
8257:
8222:
8196:
8170:
8148:
8120:
8094:
8064:
8032:
8013:
7994:
7962:
7930:
7904:
7885:
7883:, May 28, 2009
7862:
7843:
7834:Canadacool.com
7821:
7795:
7738:
7712:
7689:
7670:
7655:
7648:
7618:
7563:
7533:
7507:
7500:
7482:
7456:
7430:
7400:
7369:
7343:
7323:
7279:
7249:
7214:
7194:
7161:
7135:
7106:
7079:
7022:
6987:
6934:
6900:
6873:(1): 156â168.
6857:
6841:
6806:
6776:
6746:
6715:
6685:
6656:
6637:
6618:
6599:
6580:
6561:
6532:
6506:
6467:
6448:
6428:
6406:
6372:
6346:
6316:
6290:
6274:www.dec.ny.gov
6261:
6226:
6197:
6172:
6140:
6123:New York Times
6104:
6061:
6052:
6016:
5999:
5971:
5958:
5915:
5903:
5891:
5879:
5867:
5841:
5832:
5803:
5771:
5764:
5754:. Washington:
5738:
5711:
5698:
5671:(1): 157â165.
5654:
5601:
5534:
5493:
5461:LĂ€kartidningen
5447:
5431:
5412:
5382:
5356:
5337:
5317:
5287:
5268:
5248:
5216:
5207:
5178:
5152:
5095:
5082:
5069:
5042:
5006:
4979:
4966:
4947:
4940:
4922:
4899:
4884:
4861:Sharp, David.
4853:
4835:
4813:
4793:
4778:
4763:
4733:
4718:
4712:
4688:
4673:
4655:
4636:
4610:
4584:
4533:
4507:
4476:
4450:
4420:
4411:
4402:
4393:
4383:
4370:
4351:
4328:
4321:
4294:
4287:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4199:
4150:
4107:
4101:
4060:
4030:
4007:
3977:
3957:
3944:
3918:
3911:
3893:
3867:
3839:
3798:
3764:
3751:
3736:
3700:
3678:
3644:
3601:
3568:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3506:
3503:
3466:
3463:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3372:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3354:
3348:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3329:
3238:passenger cars
3234:center of mass
3229:
3226:
3222:health effects
3187:
3184:
3178:leads to both
3157:Valerius Geist
3150:saturated fats
3074:
3071:
3008:cave paintings
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2940:
2935:
2921:
2920:
2890:
2885:
2874:
2873:
2863:
2858:
2845:
2844:
2815:, the eastern
2806:
2801:
2788:
2787:
2743:
2738:
2725:
2724:
2719:range and the
2701:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2631:
2626:
2615:
2614:
2586:Czech Republic
2547:
2542:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2508:Czech Republic
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2437:
2428:North America:
2424:
2421:
2242:
2239:
2226:
2223:
2219:trophy hunters
2160:Lille Vildmose
2129:Czech Republic
2065:Magna Germania
2037:Czech Republic
2003:, date unknown
1979:
1976:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1895:
1763:Lake Wenatchee
1682:
1679:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1594:(10â11 months)
1593:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1558:
1556:
1551:
1544:
1506:
1503:
1499:meningeal worm
1473:
1470:
1354:Siberian tiger
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1301:
1295:
1288:
1264:Moose are not
1257:
1256:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1133:
1130:
1104:
1101:
1068:
1065:
1055:
1052:
994:cryptorchidism
990:chemical means
972:Young female (
902:
899:
858:
855:
787:Middle English
767:Proto-Germanic
693:
690:
688:
685:
573:Eastern Europe
549:New York State
480:boreal forests
469:American bison
404:
403:
402:
401:
390:
389:
383:
382:
378:
377:
369:
368:
357:
346:
345:
339:
338:
331:
329:
325:
324:
310:
306:
305:
300:
296:
295:
290:
286:
285:
280:
276:
275:
270:
266:
265:
260:
256:
255:
250:
246:
245:
240:
236:
235:
230:
226:
225:
212:
211:
195:
192:
191:
173:
170:
169:
164:
161:
160:
156:
155:
147:
146:
142:
141:
133:
132:
124:
123:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
55:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14695:
14684:
14681:
14679:
14676:
14674:
14671:
14669:
14666:
14664:
14661:
14659:
14656:
14654:
14651:
14649:
14646:
14644:
14641:
14639:
14636:
14634:
14631:
14630:
14628:
14611:
14606:
14602:
14598:
14593:
14589:
14585:
14580:
14576:
14572:
14567:
14563:
14559:
14554:
14550:
14545:
14539:
14535:
14534:
14532:
14530:
14526:
14518:
14513:
14509:
14505:
14500:
14496:
14492:
14487:
14483:
14479:
14474:
14470:
14466:
14460:
14456:
14451:
14447:
14443:
14438:
14434:
14430:
14425:
14421:
14417:
14412:
14408:
14404:
14399:
14395:
14391:
14386:
14382:
14378:
14373:
14369:
14365:
14360:
14356:
14352:
14347:
14343:
14339:
14334:
14330:
14326:
14321:
14317:
14313:
14308:
14304:
14300:
14295:
14291:
14287:
14282:
14278:
14274:
14269:
14265:
14261:
14255:
14251:
14246:
14242:
14237:
14231:
14227:
14222:
14216:
14212:
14211:
14209:
14207:
14203:
14199:
14194:
14182:
14179:
14177:
14174:
14172:
14169:
14167:
14164:
14162:
14159:
14157:
14154:
14152:
14149:
14147:
14146:Bison hunting
14144:
14142:
14139:
14137:
14134:
14133:
14131:
14127:
14121:
14120:Snowshoe hare
14118:
14116:
14113:
14111:
14108:
14106:
14103:
14101:
14098:
14096:
14095:Gray squirrel
14093:
14091:
14088:
14086:
14083:
14081:
14078:
14076:
14073:
14071:
14068:
14066:
14063:
14062:
14060:
14056:
14050:
14047:
14045:
14042:
14040:
14037:
14035:
14032:
14030:
14027:
14025:
14022:
14020:
14019:Mountain goat
14017:
14015:
14012:
14010:
14007:
14005:
14002:
14000:
13997:
13995:
13992:
13990:
13987:
13985:
13982:
13980:
13977:
13975:
13972:
13970:
13967:
13965:
13964:Bighorn sheep
13962:
13961:
13959:
13957:
13953:
13947:
13944:
13942:
13939:
13937:
13934:
13932:
13929:
13927:
13924:
13922:
13919:
13917:
13914:
13912:
13911:Greater scaup
13909:
13907:
13904:
13902:
13899:
13897:
13894:
13892:
13889:
13888:
13886:
13884:
13880:
13872:
13862:
13859:
13857:
13854:
13852:
13851:Spruce grouse
13849:
13847:
13844:
13842:
13839:
13837:
13836:Ruffed grouse
13834:
13832:
13829:
13827:
13824:
13822:
13821:Mourning dove
13819:
13817:
13814:
13812:
13809:
13807:
13804:
13802:
13799:
13798:
13796:
13792:
13783:
13778:
13776:
13771:
13769:
13764:
13763:
13760:
13740:
13736:
13735:
13733:
13731:
13727:
13717:
13715:
13710:
13709:
13707:
13705:
13704:
13699:
13693:
13691:
13686:
13685:
13683:
13681:
13680:
13675:
13672:
13670:
13666:
13662:
13658:
13652:
13648:
13630:
13628:
13623:
13621:
13619:
13614:
13612:
13610:
13609:C. bactrianus
13605:
13604:
13602:
13600:
13599:
13594:
13588:
13586:
13581:
13579:
13577:
13572:
13570:
13568:
13563:
13561:
13559:
13554:
13553:
13551:
13549:
13548:
13543:
13540:
13538:
13534:
13530:
13526:
13520:
13516:
13498:
13496:
13491:
13490:
13488:
13486:
13485:
13480:
13474:
13472:
13467:
13466:
13464:
13462:
13461:
13456:
13450:
13448:
13443:
13442:
13440:
13438:
13437:
13432:
13429:
13427:
13423:
13413:
13411:
13410:S. verrucosus
13406:
13404:
13402:
13397:
13395:
13393:
13388:
13386:
13384:
13379:
13377:
13375:
13370:
13368:
13366:
13361:
13359:
13357:
13356:S. domesticus
13352:
13350:
13348:
13347:S. celebensis
13343:
13341:
13339:
13334:
13332:
13330:
13325:
13323:
13321:
13316:
13315:
13313:
13311:
13310:
13305:
13299:
13297:
13292:
13290:
13288:
13283:
13282:
13280:
13278:
13277:
13276:Potamochoerus
13272:
13266:
13264:
13259:
13258:
13256:
13254:
13253:
13248:
13242:
13240:
13235:
13233:
13231:
13226:
13225:
13223:
13221:
13220:
13215:
13209:
13207:
13202:
13201:
13199:
13197:
13196:
13191:
13185:
13183:
13178:
13176:
13174:
13173:B. celebensis
13169:
13167:
13165:
13160:
13159:
13157:
13155:
13154:
13149:
13146:
13144:
13140:
13136:
13132:
13126:
13122:
13104:
13102:
13097:
13096:
13094:
13092:
13091:
13086:
13080:
13078:
13073:
13071:
13069:
13064:
13062:
13060:
13057:Blue duiker (
13055:
13054:
13052:
13050:
13049:
13044:
13038:
13036:
13031:
13029:
13027:
13022:
13020:
13018:
13013:
13011:
13009:
13004:
13002:
13000:
12995:
12993:
12991:
12986:
12984:
12982:
12977:
12975:
12973:
12972:C. nigrifrons
12968:
12966:
12964:
12959:
12957:
12955:
12954:C. natalensis
12950:
12948:
12946:
12941:
12939:
12937:
12932:
12930:
12928:
12923:
12921:
12919:
12914:
12912:
12910:
12905:
12903:
12901:
12900:C. callipygus
12896:
12894:
12892:
12887:
12885:
12883:
12878:
12877:
12875:
12873:
12872:
12867:
12864:
12862:
12858:
12848:
12846:
12841:
12839:
12837:
12832:
12830:
12828:
12827:R. campestris
12823:
12822:
12820:
12818:
12817:
12812:
12806:
12804:
12799:
12798:
12796:
12794:
12793:
12788:
12782:
12780:
12779:O. oreotragus
12775:
12774:
12772:
12770:
12769:
12764:
12758:
12756:
12751:
12749:
12747:
12742:
12740:
12738:
12733:
12732:
12730:
12728:
12727:
12722:
12716:
12714:
12709:
12707:
12705:
12700:
12698:
12696:
12691:
12689:
12687:
12682:
12681:
12679:
12677:
12676:
12671:
12665:
12663:
12658:
12657:
12655:
12653:
12652:
12647:
12644:
12642:
12638:
12628:
12626:
12621:
12620:
12618:
12616:
12615:
12610:
12604:
12602:
12597:
12596:
12594:
12592:
12591:
12586:
12583:
12579:
12569:
12567:
12562:
12560:
12558:
12553:
12551:
12549:
12544:
12543:
12541:
12539:
12538:
12533:
12527:
12525:
12520:
12518:
12516:
12511:
12509:
12507:
12502:
12500:
12498:
12493:
12491:
12489:
12484:
12483:
12481:
12479:
12478:
12473:
12467:
12465:
12460:
12459:
12457:
12455:
12454:
12449:
12443:
12441:
12436:
12434:
12432:
12427:
12425:
12423:
12422:G. leptoceros
12418:
12416:
12414:
12409:
12407:
12405:
12400:
12398:
12396:
12391:
12389:
12387:
12382:
12380:
12378:
12373:
12372:
12370:
12368:
12367:
12362:
12356:
12354:
12349:
12347:
12345:
12340:
12338:
12336:
12331:
12329:
12327:
12326:E. albonotata
12322:
12321:
12319:
12317:
12316:
12311:
12305:
12303:
12302:A. cervicapra
12298:
12297:
12295:
12293:
12292:
12287:
12281:
12279:
12274:
12273:
12271:
12269:
12268:
12263:
12257:
12255:
12250:
12249:
12247:
12245:
12244:
12239:
12236:
12234:
12230:
12226:
12220:
12216:
12209:
12205:
12187:
12185:
12180:
12178:
12176:
12173:Giant eland (
12171:
12170:
12168:
12166:
12165:
12160:
12154:
12152:
12151:T. sylvaticus
12147:
12145:
12143:
12138:
12136:
12134:
12129:
12127:
12125:
12120:
12118:
12116:
12113:Lesser kudu (
12111:
12109:
12107:
12102:
12100:
12098:
12093:
12091:
12089:
12084:
12083:
12081:
12075:
12067:
12066:
12061:
12058:
12056:
12052:
12042:
12040:
12035:
12034:
12032:
12030:
12029:
12024:
12018:
12016:
12011:
12010:
12008:
12006:
12005:
12000:
11994:
11992:
11987:
11985:
11983:
11978:
11976:
11974:
11969:
11967:
11965:
11960:
11958:
11956:
11951:
11949:
11947:
11942:
11940:
11938:
11933:
11931:
11929:
11928:B. domesticus
11926:Bali cattle (
11924:
11922:
11920:
11915:
11913:
11911:
11906:
11905:
11903:
11901:
11900:
11895:
11889:
11887:
11882:
11880:
11878:
11873:
11871:
11869:
11864:
11862:
11860:
11855:
11853:
11851:
11846:
11845:
11843:
11841:
11840:
11835:
11832:
11830:
11826:
11816:
11814:
11809:
11808:
11806:
11804:
11803:
11798:
11792:
11790:
11785:
11784:
11782:
11780:
11779:
11774:
11771:
11769:
11765:
11761:
11755:
11751:
11744:
11740:
11726:
11724:
11719:
11717:
11715:
11710:
11709:
11707:
11705:
11704:
11699:
11693:
11691:
11686:
11685:
11683:
11681:
11680:
11675:
11669:
11667:
11662:
11660:
11658:
11653:
11651:
11649:
11644:
11642:
11640:
11635:
11633:
11631:
11630:O. canadensis
11626:
11624:
11622:
11617:
11615:
11613:
11608:
11607:
11605:
11603:
11602:
11597:
11591:
11589:
11584:
11583:
11581:
11579:
11578:
11577:Nilgiritragus
11573:
11567:
11565:
11560:
11559:
11557:
11555:
11554:
11549:
11543:
11541:
11540:O. americanus
11536:
11535:
11533:
11531:
11530:
11525:
11519:
11517:
11512:
11510:
11508:
11503:
11501:
11499:
11494:
11492:
11490:
11485:
11484:
11482:
11480:
11479:
11474:
11468:
11466:
11465:H. jemlahicus
11461:
11460:
11458:
11456:
11455:
11450:
11444:
11442:
11437:
11435:
11433:
11428:
11426:
11424:
11419:
11417:
11415:
11410:
11409:
11407:
11405:
11404:
11399:
11393:
11391:
11386:
11384:
11382:
11377:
11375:
11373:
11368:
11366:
11364:
11361:Nubian ibex (
11359:
11357:
11355:
11352:Alpine ibex (
11350:
11348:
11346:
11341:
11339:
11337:
11332:
11330:
11328:
11323:
11321:
11319:
11314:
11312:
11310:
11305:
11304:
11302:
11300:
11299:
11294:
11288:
11286:
11281:
11280:
11278:
11276:
11275:
11270:
11264:
11262:
11257:
11256:
11254:
11252:
11251:
11246:
11240:
11238:
11233:
11232:
11230:
11228:
11227:
11222:
11218:
11212:
11208:
11201:
11197:
11183:
11181:
11177:
11171:
11169:
11165:
11159:
11157:
11153:
11143:
11141:
11136:
11135:
11133:
11131:
11130:
11125:
11122:
11120:
11119:Pantholopinae
11116:
11106:
11104:
11099:
11097:
11095:
11090:
11089:
11087:
11085:
11084:
11079:
11073:
11071:
11070:A. buselaphus
11066:
11065:
11063:
11061:
11060:
11055:
11049:
11047:
11042:
11040:
11038:
11033:
11032:
11030:
11028:
11027:
11022:
11016:
11014:
11009:
11008:
11006:
11004:
11003:
10998:
10995:
10993:
10989:
10979:
10977:
10974:Grey rhebok (
10972:
10971:
10969:
10967:
10966:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10952:
10942:
10940:
10935:
10934:
10932:
10930:
10929:
10924:
10921:
10919:
10918:Aepycerotinae
10915:
10905:
10903:
10898:
10896:
10894:
10889:
10887:
10885:
10880:
10879:
10877:
10875:
10874:
10869:
10863:
10861:
10856:
10854:
10852:
10849:Nile lechwe (
10847:
10845:
10843:
10838:
10836:
10834:
10829:
10827:
10825:
10820:
10819:
10817:
10815:
10814:
10809:
10806:
10804:
10800:
10790:
10788:
10783:
10782:
10780:
10778:
10777:
10772:
10766:
10764:
10759:
10757:
10755:
10750:
10748:
10746:
10741:
10739:
10737:
10732:
10731:
10729:
10727:
10726:
10721:
10715:
10713:
10708:
10706:
10704:
10699:
10698:
10696:
10694:
10693:
10688:
10685:
10683:
10682:Hippotraginae
10679:
10675:
10670:
10663:
10659:
10641:
10639:
10634:
10632:
10630:
10625:
10623:
10621:
10616:
10615:
10613:
10611:
10610:
10605:
10599:
10597:
10592:
10590:
10588:
10583:
10582:
10580:
10577:
10576:
10571:
10565:
10563:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10548:
10547:
10545:
10543:
10542:
10537:
10531:
10529:
10528:B. dichotomus
10524:
10523:
10521:
10519:
10518:
10513:
10507:
10505:
10502:Pampas deer (
10500:
10499:
10497:
10495:
10494:
10489:
10483:
10481:
10476:
10474:
10472:
10467:
10465:
10463:
10462:M. nemorivaga
10458:
10456:
10454:
10449:
10447:
10445:
10440:
10438:
10436:
10431:
10429:
10427:
10422:
10420:
10418:
10413:
10411:
10409:
10406:Red brocket (
10404:
10403:
10401:
10399:
10398:
10393:
10387:
10385:
10380:
10378:
10376:
10375:H. antisensis
10371:
10370:
10368:
10366:
10365:
10360:
10354:
10352:
10347:
10346:
10344:
10342:
10341:
10336:
10330:
10328:
10323:
10321:
10319:
10314:
10313:
10311:
10309:
10308:
10303:
10297:
10295:
10290:
10289:
10287:
10285:
10284:
10279:
10273:
10271:
10266:
10265:
10263:
10261:
10260:
10255:
10252:
10250:
10246:
10236:
10234:
10229:
10227:
10225:
10220:
10218:
10216:
10215:C. canadensis
10211:
10209:
10207:
10202:
10200:
10198:
10193:
10192:
10190:
10188:
10187:
10182:
10176:
10174:
10169:
10167:
10165:
10164:R. timorensis
10160:
10158:
10156:
10151:
10149:
10147:
10142:
10141:
10139:
10137:
10136:
10131:
10125:
10123:
10122:E. davidianus
10118:
10117:
10115:
10113:
10112:
10107:
10101:
10099:
10094:
10092:
10090:
10089:R. duvaucelii
10085:
10084:
10082:
10080:
10079:
10074:
10068:
10066:
10061:
10059:
10057:
10054:Bawean deer (
10052:
10050:
10048:
10043:
10041:
10039:
10034:
10033:
10031:
10029:
10028:
10023:
10017:
10015:
10010:
10008:
10006:
10001:
10000:
9998:
9996:
9995:
9990:
9984:
9982:
9979:Tufted deer (
9977:
9976:
9974:
9972:
9971:
9966:
9960:
9958:
9953:
9951:
9949:
9944:
9942:
9940:
9935:
9933:
9931:
9926:
9924:
9922:
9917:
9915:
9913:
9912:M. putaoensis
9908:
9906:
9904:
9899:
9897:
9895:
9890:
9888:
9886:
9881:
9879:
9877:
9872:
9870:
9868:
9863:
9861:
9859:
9858:M. crinifrons
9854:
9852:
9850:
9845:
9844:
9842:
9840:
9839:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9825:
9821:
9816:
9809:
9805:
9791:
9789:
9785:
9779:
9777:
9773:
9763:
9761:
9756:
9754:
9752:
9751:T. versicolor
9747:
9745:
9743:
9738:
9736:
9734:
9729:
9727:
9725:
9720:
9718:
9716:
9711:
9710:
9708:
9706:
9705:
9700:
9694:
9692:
9687:
9685:
9683:
9678:
9676:
9674:
9669:
9668:
9666:
9664:
9663:
9658:
9652:
9650:
9645:
9644:
9642:
9640:
9639:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9625:
9615:
9613:
9608:
9606:
9604:
9599:
9597:
9595:
9590:
9588:
9586:
9581:
9579:
9577:
9572:
9570:
9568:
9563:
9561:
9559:
9558:M. anhuiensis
9554:
9553:
9551:
9549:
9548:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9534:
9524:
9522:
9517:
9515:
9513:
9512:G. reticulata
9508:
9506:
9504:
9499:
9497:
9495:
9490:
9489:
9487:
9485:
9484:
9479:
9473:
9471:
9466:
9465:
9463:
9461:
9460:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9446:
9436:
9434:
9429:
9428:
9426:
9424:
9423:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9409:
9405:
9401:
9395:
9391:
9385:
9381:
9379:
9375:
9373:
9369:
9367:
9363:
9361:
9357:
9356:
9353:
9348:
9340:
9335:
9333:
9328:
9326:
9321:
9320:
9317:
9311:
9299:on 2016-01-22
9298:
9294:
9290:
9288:
9284:
9281:
9278:
9274:
9270:
9269:"Alces alces"
9266:
9265:
9255:
9249:
9244:
9243:
9236:
9232:
9226:
9222:
9221:
9215:
9211:
9205:
9201:
9196:
9192:
9186:
9182:
9181:
9175:
9172:
9171:
9167:
9164:
9160:
9159:
9139:
9135:
9131:
9125:
9117:
9115:951-773-085-3
9111:
9107:
9101:
9086:
9082:
9076:
9061:
9057:
9053:
9047:
9040:
9036:
9032:
9029:
9023:
9016:
9012:
9009:
9001:
8985:
8981:
8978:
8972:
8956:
8952:
8946:
8939:
8935:
8932:
8927:
8920:
8916:
8913:
8908:
8900:
8896:
8892:
8886:
8877:
8870:
8869:
8864:
8855:
8847:
8843:
8839:
8835:
8831:
8827:
8823:
8819:
8815:
8811:
8807:
8803:
8796:
8789:
8784:
8776:
8770:
8751:
8744:
8738:
8731:
8724:
8708:
8704:
8698:
8690:
8686:
8682:
8678:
8674:
8670:
8666:
8662:
8655:
8639:
8635:
8629:
8622:
8618:
8615:
8610:
8602:
8598:
8592:
8576:
8572:
8566:
8552:on 2012-07-13
8551:
8547:
8543:
8539:
8533:
8525:
8519:
8515:
8508:
8500:
8494:
8490:
8489:
8481:
8465:
8461:
8455:
8448:
8442:
8423:
8416:
8410:
8403:
8397:
8388:
8372:
8368:
8367:"Asian Moose"
8362:
8360:
8358:
8350:
8346:
8343:
8342:
8335:
8319:
8315:
8311:
8305:
8299:
8295:
8292:
8287:
8271:
8267:
8261:
8245:
8241:
8237:
8233:
8226:
8210:
8206:
8200:
8184:
8180:
8174:
8166:
8162:
8158:
8152:
8145:(in Estonian)
8142:
8141:
8137:
8133:
8129:
8124:
8108:
8104:
8098:
8087:September 19,
8082:
8078:
8074:
8068:
8057:September 19,
8052:
8048:
8047:
8042:
8036:
8029:
8025:
8022:
8017:
8010:
8006:
8003:
7998:
7979:
7972:
7966:
7947:
7940:
7934:
7918:
7914:
7908:
7901:
7897:
7894:
7889:
7882:
7878:
7874:
7871:
7866:
7859:
7855:
7852:
7847:
7839:
7835:
7831:
7825:
7809:
7805:
7799:
7791:
7787:
7783:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7765:
7761:
7757:
7753:
7749:
7742:
7726:
7723:. Nhm.ac.uk.
7722:
7716:
7708:
7704:
7700:
7693:
7686:
7682:
7677:
7675:
7667:
7662:
7660:
7651:
7645:
7641:
7637:
7633:
7625:
7623:
7607:
7603:
7599:
7595:
7591:
7587:
7583:
7579:
7572:
7570:
7568:
7551:
7547:
7543:
7537:
7521:
7517:
7511:
7503:
7497:
7493:
7486:
7470:
7466:
7460:
7444:
7440:
7434:
7418:
7414:
7412:
7404:
7388:
7384:
7383:The Telegraph
7380:
7373:
7357:
7353:
7347:
7340:
7336:
7333:
7327:
7311:
7307:
7306:
7301:
7299:
7295:
7286:
7284:
7267:
7263:
7259:
7253:
7245:
7241:
7237:
7233:
7229:
7225:
7218:
7211:
7208:
7204:
7198:
7182:
7178:
7177:
7172:
7165:
7149:
7145:
7139:
7123:
7119:
7116:
7110:
7094:
7090:
7083:
7075:
7071:
7067:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7049:
7045:
7041:
7037:
7033:
7026:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6998:
6991:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6949:
6947:
6938:
6922:
6918:
6914:
6907:
6905:
6896:
6892:
6888:
6884:
6880:
6876:
6872:
6868:
6861:
6854:
6851:
6845:
6829:
6825:
6821:
6817:
6810:
6794:
6790:
6786:
6780:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6750:
6734:
6730:
6726:
6719:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6689:
6673:
6669:
6663:
6661:
6653:
6649:
6646:
6641:
6634:
6630:
6627:
6622:
6615:
6611:
6608:
6603:
6596:
6592:
6589:
6584:
6577:
6573:
6570:
6565:
6549:
6545:
6544:
6536:
6520:
6516:
6510:
6494:
6490:
6483:
6482:
6474:
6472:
6455:
6451:
6445:
6441:
6440:
6432:
6424:
6417:
6410:
6394:
6390:
6386:
6379:
6377:
6360:
6356:
6350:
6334:
6330:
6326:
6320:
6304:
6300:
6294:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6265:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6230:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6201:
6187:on 2023-11-05
6186:
6182:
6176:
6160:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6144:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6100:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6065:
6056:
6037:
6030:
6023:
6021:
6013:
6009:
6003:
5987:
5983:
5982:
5975:
5969:March 8, 2011
5968:
5962:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5907:
5900:
5895:
5888:
5883:
5876:
5871:
5855:
5851:
5845:
5836:
5821:
5817:
5810:
5808:
5791:
5787:
5786:
5785:Minnesota DNR
5781:
5775:
5767:
5761:
5757:
5752:
5751:
5742:
5726:
5722:
5715:
5708:
5702:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5658:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5605:
5597:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5538:
5529:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5497:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5470:
5466:
5462:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5441:
5435:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5416:
5400:
5396:
5394:
5386:
5370:
5366:
5360:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5321:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5275:
5271:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5252:
5233:
5226:
5220:
5211:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5182:
5166:
5162:
5156:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5106:
5099:
5092:
5086:
5079:
5073:
5057:
5053:
5046:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5010:
4994:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4970:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4951:
4943:
4937:
4933:
4926:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4903:
4895:
4888:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4857:
4849:
4842:
4840:
4832:
4820:
4816:
4814:0-8020-7021-3
4810:
4806:
4805:
4797:
4789:
4782:
4774:
4767:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4677:
4669:
4662:
4660:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4640:
4624:
4620:
4614:
4598:
4594:
4588:
4580:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4537:
4521:
4517:
4511:
4495:
4491:
4489:
4480:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4440:on 2022-11-30
4439:
4435:
4431:
4424:
4415:
4406:
4397:
4387:
4377:
4375:
4367:
4363:
4360:
4355:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4332:
4324:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4290:
4288:1-56098-775-8
4284:
4280:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4258:
4254:
4249:
4248:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4203:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4173:(6): 445â61.
4172:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4012:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3982:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3954:
3948:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3914:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3856:(Online). n.d
3855:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3835:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3809:
3802:
3794:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3755:
3747:
3740:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3712:
3704:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3664:Scott, Robert
3661:
3657:
3648:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3620:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3589:
3585:
3583:
3578:
3577:"Alces alces"
3572:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3535:
3526:
3522:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3451:domestication
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3398:Domestication
3388:
3383:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3340:
3333:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3300:New Brunswick
3296:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3282:
3274:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3207:New Brunswick
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3183:
3181:
3176:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3079:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3032:Julius Caesar
3028:
3025:
3024:trapping pits
3021:
3020:Stora Alvaret
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3004:rock drawings
2996:
2988:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2927:
2926:Caucasian elk
2923:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:A. a. shirasi
2886:
2884:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2850:
2849:Alaskan moose
2847:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2792:Western moose
2790:
2789:
2784:
2781:and northern
2780:
2776:
2772:
2771:Massachusetts
2768:
2764:
2763:New Hampshire
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2730:
2729:Eastern moose
2727:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2705:Alazeya River
2702:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2651:Yenisei River
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2613:11 in).
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2592:and northern
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2534:European elk
2533:
2532:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2190:brought from
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2053:Yenisei River
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1997:
1988:
1984:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1923:
1918:
1911:
1906:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1851:Massachusetts
1848:
1847:New Hampshire
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1803:Eastern moose
1799:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1743:Lake Superior
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:North America
1687:
1681:North America
1678:
1674:
1666:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1590:
1585:
1576:
1571:
1562:
1557:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1516:
1511:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1491:Endoparasites
1488:
1484:
1480:
1479:Ectoparasites
1469:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:Puma concolor
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1330:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1223:striped maple
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1142:
1139:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1062:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1006:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
982:
975:
970:
966:
963:
959:
955:
951:
946:
942:
940:
934:
927:
923:
916:
912:
907:
898:
895:
891:
873:
863:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
837:
833:
830:
827:(compare the
826:
821:
819:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
743:
738:
734:
725:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
684:
682:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
557:Baltic states
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
517:
515:
514:First Nations
511:
510:tribal groups
507:
503:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:North America
462:
458:
457:
453:in the genus
452:
448:
444:
441:
438:and heaviest
437:
433:
432:
427:
419:
411:
397:
394:
393:
391:
388:
384:
379:
375:
370:
365:
361:
355:
353:
347:
344:
343:Binomial name
340:
336:
335:
334:A. alces
330:
327:
326:
321:
316:
315:
311:
308:
307:
304:
301:
298:
297:
294:
291:
288:
287:
284:
281:
278:
277:
274:
271:
268:
267:
264:
261:
258:
257:
254:
251:
248:
247:
244:
241:
238:
237:
234:
231:
228:
227:
222:
217:
213:
207:
193:
187:
182:
181:Least Concern
171:
167:
162:
157:
153:
148:
143:
139:
134:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
51:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
14529:Cervus alces
14528:
14205:
14176:Wolf hunting
14151:Deer hunting
14136:Bear hunting
14085:Fox squirrel
14058:Other quarry
14003:
13936:Ross's goose
13916:Lesser scaup
13896:Canada goose
13713:
13701:
13690:H. amphibius
13689:
13679:Hippopotamus
13677:
13657:Whippomorpha
13626:
13617:
13608:
13596:
13584:
13575:
13566:
13557:
13545:
13494:
13482:
13470:
13458:
13446:
13434:
13409:
13400:
13391:
13382:
13373:
13364:
13355:
13346:
13338:S. cebifrons
13337:
13328:
13319:
13307:
13295:
13286:
13274:
13262:
13250:
13239:P. africanus
13238:
13229:
13219:Phacochoerus
13217:
13205:
13193:
13181:
13172:
13164:B. babyrussa
13163:
13151:
13100:
13088:
13076:
13068:P. maxwellii
13067:
13059:P. monticola
13058:
13046:
13034:
13025:
13016:
13007:
12999:C. rufilatus
12998:
12989:
12980:
12971:
12962:
12953:
12944:
12935:
12926:
12917:
12916:Bay duiker (
12909:C. crusalbum
12908:
12899:
12890:
12881:
12869:
12861:Cephalophini
12844:
12836:R. melanotis
12835:
12826:
12814:
12802:
12790:
12778:
12766:
12754:
12746:N. moschatus
12745:
12736:
12724:
12712:
12703:
12694:
12686:M. guentheri
12685:
12673:
12662:D. megalotis
12661:
12649:
12624:
12612:
12601:P. hodgsonii
12600:
12588:
12565:
12556:
12548:P. gutturosa
12547:
12535:
12523:
12514:
12505:
12496:
12487:
12475:
12463:
12451:
12439:
12430:
12421:
12412:
12404:G. erlangeri
12403:
12394:
12385:
12377:G. bennettii
12376:
12364:
12352:
12344:E. thomsonii
12343:
12335:E. rufifrons
12334:
12325:
12313:
12301:
12289:
12277:
12265:
12253:
12241:
12183:
12175:T. derbianus
12174:
12162:
12150:
12141:
12132:
12123:
12114:
12106:T. eurycerus
12105:
12096:
12087:
12063:
12055:Tragelaphini
12038:
12026:
12014:
12002:
11990:
11981:
11973:B. javanicus
11972:
11963:
11955:B. grunniens
11954:
11945:
11937:B. frontalis
11936:
11927:
11918:
11909:
11897:
11885:
11876:
11867:
11858:
11849:
11837:
11812:
11800:
11788:
11776:
11723:R. rupicapra
11722:
11714:R. pyrenaica
11713:
11701:
11689:
11677:
11665:
11656:
11655:Snow sheep (
11647:
11638:
11637:Dall sheep (
11629:
11620:
11611:
11599:
11588:N. hylocrius
11587:
11575:
11564:O. moschatus
11563:
11551:
11539:
11527:
11515:
11506:
11497:
11488:
11476:
11464:
11452:
11440:
11431:
11422:
11413:
11401:
11389:
11388:Walia ibex (
11380:
11372:C. pyrenaica
11371:
11362:
11353:
11344:
11336:C. falconeri
11335:
11326:
11317:
11308:
11296:
11285:B. taxicolor
11284:
11272:
11260:
11248:
11236:
11224:
11140:P. hodgsonii
11139:
11127:
11102:
11093:
11083:Connochaetes
11081:
11069:
11068:Hartebeest (
11057:
11045:
11036:
11024:
11012:
11000:
10992:Alcelaphinae
10976:P. capreolus
10975:
10963:
10938:
10926:
10901:
10892:
10884:R. arundinum
10883:
10871:
10859:
10851:K. megaceros
10850:
10841:
10832:
10823:
10811:
10786:
10774:
10762:
10753:
10744:
10735:
10723:
10711:
10702:
10690:
10637:
10628:
10619:
10607:
10595:
10586:
10573:
10561:
10551:
10539:
10527:
10526:Marsh deer (
10515:
10503:
10491:
10479:
10470:
10461:
10452:
10443:
10434:
10425:
10416:
10408:M. americana
10407:
10395:
10383:
10374:
10364:Hippocamelus
10362:
10350:
10338:
10326:
10318:C. capreolus
10317:
10305:
10293:
10292:Water deer (
10281:
10269:
10267:
10258:
10257:
10232:
10223:
10214:
10205:
10196:
10184:
10172:
10163:
10155:R. mariannus
10154:
10145:
10133:
10121:
10109:
10097:
10096:Eld's deer (
10088:
10087:Barasingha (
10076:
10064:
10055:
10046:
10037:
10025:
10013:
10004:
9992:
9980:
9968:
9956:
9948:M. vaginalis
9947:
9938:
9929:
9920:
9911:
9902:
9893:
9884:
9875:
9866:
9857:
9849:M. atherodes
9848:
9836:
9759:
9750:
9742:T. nigricans
9741:
9732:
9723:
9715:T. javanicus
9714:
9702:
9690:
9681:
9672:
9660:
9649:H. aquaticus
9648:
9636:
9611:
9602:
9593:
9584:
9575:
9566:
9557:
9545:
9520:
9511:
9502:
9493:
9481:
9470:O. johnstoni
9469:
9457:
9433:A. americana
9432:
9420:
9382:Superorder:
9376:Infraclass:
9347:Artiodactyla
9301:. Retrieved
9297:the original
9241:
9219:
9199:
9179:
9161:
9144:29 September
9142:. Retrieved
9133:
9124:
9105:
9100:
9089:. Retrieved
9075:
9064:. Retrieved
9055:
9046:
9038:
9022:
9005:(in Swedish)
9000:
8990:February 11,
8988:. Retrieved
8971:
8959:. Retrieved
8955:the original
8945:
8926:
8907:
8899:the original
8894:
8885:
8876:
8866:
8859:(in Swedish)
8854:
8805:
8801:
8795:
8783:
8757:. Retrieved
8737:
8729:
8723:
8711:. Retrieved
8707:the original
8697:
8664:
8660:
8654:
8642:. Retrieved
8628:
8609:
8601:the original
8591:
8581:February 16,
8579:. Retrieved
8565:
8554:. Retrieved
8550:the original
8538:John Bostock
8532:
8513:
8507:
8491:. Elsevier.
8487:
8480:
8468:. Retrieved
8464:the original
8454:
8446:
8441:
8429:. Retrieved
8409:
8401:
8396:
8387:
8375:. Retrieved
8371:the original
8339:
8334:
8322:. Retrieved
8313:
8304:
8286:
8274:. Retrieved
8270:the original
8260:
8250:February 26,
8248:. Retrieved
8239:
8235:
8225:
8213:. Retrieved
8209:the original
8199:
8187:. Retrieved
8173:
8165:the original
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8151:
8138:
8123:
8111:. Retrieved
8107:the original
8097:
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8067:
8055:. Retrieved
8044:
8035:
8016:
7997:
7985:. Retrieved
7965:
7953:. Retrieved
7946:the original
7933:
7921:. Retrieved
7907:
7888:
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7865:
7846:
7838:the original
7833:
7824:
7812:. Retrieved
7808:the original
7798:
7755:
7751:
7741:
7729:. Retrieved
7715:
7692:
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7665:
7631:
7610:. Retrieved
7585:
7581:
7554:. Retrieved
7545:
7536:
7524:. Retrieved
7510:
7491:
7485:
7473:. Retrieved
7459:
7447:. Retrieved
7433:
7421:. Retrieved
7417:the original
7410:
7403:
7391:. Retrieved
7387:the original
7382:
7372:
7360:. Retrieved
7346:
7326:
7314:. Retrieved
7309:
7303:
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7293:
7272:December 28,
7270:. Retrieved
7261:
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7217:
7209:
7206:
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7185:. Retrieved
7174:
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7126:. Retrieved
7117:
7109:
7097:. Retrieved
7082:
7039:
7035:
7025:
7000:
6996:
6990:
6978:. Retrieved
6958:
6954:
6945:
6937:
6925:. Retrieved
6916:
6870:
6866:
6860:
6852:
6849:
6844:
6832:. Retrieved
6824:PBS Newshour
6823:
6809:
6799:December 15,
6797:. Retrieved
6788:
6779:
6767:. Retrieved
6758:
6749:
6737:. Retrieved
6733:the original
6728:
6718:
6706:. Retrieved
6697:
6688:
6676:. Retrieved
6672:the original
6640:
6621:
6602:
6583:
6564:
6554:November 22,
6552:. Retrieved
6542:
6535:
6523:. Retrieved
6509:
6499:November 22,
6497:. Retrieved
6480:
6458:. Retrieved
6438:
6431:
6422:
6409:
6397:. Retrieved
6392:
6388:
6363:. Retrieved
6349:
6337:. Retrieved
6328:
6319:
6309:November 27,
6307:. Retrieved
6303:the original
6293:
6282:. Retrieved
6273:
6264:
6252:. Retrieved
6243:
6239:
6229:
6218:. Retrieved
6209:
6200:
6189:. Retrieved
6185:the original
6175:
6163:. Retrieved
6154:Star Tribune
6152:
6143:
6131:. Retrieved
6122:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6064:
6055:
6043:. Retrieved
6011:
6007:
6002:
5990:. Retrieved
5980:
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5928:
5924:
5918:
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5906:
5898:
5894:
5886:
5882:
5874:
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5858:. Retrieved
5854:the original
5844:
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5825:September 1,
5823:. Retrieved
5796:November 11,
5794:. Retrieved
5790:the original
5783:
5774:
5749:
5741:
5731:February 16,
5729:. Retrieved
5725:the original
5714:
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5664:
5657:
5645:. Retrieved
5618:
5614:
5604:
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5547:
5537:
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5506:
5496:
5486:
5482:
5480:
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5469:the original
5464:
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5442:
5434:
5419:
5415:
5405:February 16,
5403:. Retrieved
5399:the original
5392:
5385:
5375:February 16,
5373:. Retrieved
5369:the original
5359:
5351:the original
5327:
5320:
5308:. Retrieved
5299:
5290:
5278:. Retrieved
5258:
5251:
5239:. Retrieved
5232:the original
5219:
5210:
5199:. Retrieved
5190:
5181:
5171:November 27,
5169:. Retrieved
5165:the original
5155:
5145:December 10,
5143:. Retrieved
5115:
5111:
5098:
5090:
5085:
5077:
5072:
5062:November 27,
5060:. Retrieved
5056:the original
5045:
5020:
5016:
5009:
4999:November 27,
4997:. Retrieved
4993:the original
4982:
4974:
4969:
4950:
4931:
4925:
4917:the original
4912:
4902:
4893:
4887:
4875:. Retrieved
4866:
4856:
4847:
4830:
4823:. Retrieved
4803:
4796:
4787:
4781:
4772:
4766:
4754:. Retrieved
4750:the original
4745:
4742:"Moose diet"
4736:
4727:
4721:
4698:
4691:
4682:
4676:
4667:
4639:
4627:. Retrieved
4613:
4601:. Retrieved
4587:
4550:
4546:
4536:
4524:. Retrieved
4510:
4498:. Retrieved
4493:
4487:
4479:
4467:. Retrieved
4453:
4442:. Retrieved
4438:the original
4433:
4423:
4414:
4405:
4396:
4386:
4354:
4336:
4331:
4308:
4278:
4257:The Guardian
4256:
4241:. Retrieved
4219:(3): 533â5.
4216:
4212:
4202:
4190:. Retrieved
4170:
4166:
4153:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4088:
4051:. Retrieved
4042:
4033:
4018:
4000:November 27,
3998:. Retrieved
3994:the original
3965:
3960:
3952:
3947:
3937:November 27,
3935:. Retrieved
3931:the original
3921:
3903:Mesothelioma
3902:
3896:
3886:November 27,
3884:. Retrieved
3880:the original
3870:
3858:. Retrieved
3851:
3842:
3824:February 16,
3822:. Retrieved
3812:
3801:
3778:
3767:
3759:
3754:
3745:
3739:
3727:. Retrieved
3716:
3710:
3703:
3689:
3681:
3667:
3647:
3635:. Retrieved
3624:
3618:
3592:. Retrieved
3580:
3571:
3559:. Retrieved
3545:
3539:
3533:
3525:
3511:Ălgen Stolta
3468:
3455:
3423:World War II
3419:Soviet Union
3416:
3365:
3350:Warning sign
3324:
3321:
3297:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3231:
3218:
3189:
3171:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3113:
3103:
3067:
3059:
3053:
3045:
3043:
3035:
3029:
3016:Alby, Sweden
3001:
2937:
2928:
2887:
2878:
2860:
2851:
2841:North Dakota
2803:
2794:
2775:Rhode Island
2740:
2731:
2698:
2673:
2628:
2619:
2596:, including
2544:
2535:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2464:
2463:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2408:
2402:
2398:
2390:
2383:C. latifrons
2382:
2378:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2317:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2282:
2263:
2250:
2228:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2164:
2141:
2097:
2006:
1986:
1959:liver flukes
1936:
1877:Newfoundland
1874:
1867:
1827:
1822:Hudson River
1818:Pennsylvania
1815:
1807:Rhode Island
1800:
1765:area of the
1711:North Dakota
1688:
1684:
1675:
1671:
1649:
1645:
1633:
1605:
1538:
1527:
1520:
1495:dog tapeworm
1487:winter ticks
1475:
1466:moose botfly
1463:
1459:
1442:
1429:
1422:Orcinus orca
1421:
1413:
1405:
1397:
1390:Ursus arctos
1389:
1381:
1373:
1367:
1348:saddle from
1268:animals but
1263:
1227:
1196:
1164:
1135:
1106:
1103:Skin and fur
1078:
1057:
1049:
983:
979:
973:
962:Scandinavian
957:
953:
949:
947:
943:
935:
931:
889:
868:
850:
842:
838:
831:
829:Narragansett
822:
815:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
774:
770:
732:
721:
708:
696:
695:
641:
609:North Dakota
553:Fennoscandia
518:
506:colonial era
500:
455:
454:
451:only species
430:
429:
417:
409:
407:
396:Cervus alces
395:
351:
349:
333:
332:
313:
312:
273:Artiodactyla
47:
18:Eurasian elk
14437:NatureServe
14359:iNaturalist
14250:Alces_alces
14236:Alces alces
14230:Wikispecies
14206:Alces alces
14156:Fox hunting
13567:L. guanicoe
13426:Tayassuidae
13390:Wild boar (
13329:S. barbatus
13287:P. larvatus
13263:P. salvania
13261:Pygmy hog (
13195:Hylochoerus
13048:Philantomba
12936:C. jentinki
12918:C. dorsalis
12871:Cephalophus
12755:N. pygmaeus
12713:M. saltiana
12651:Dorcatragus
12625:S. tatarica
12515:N. petersii
12453:Litocranius
12353:E. tilonura
12300:Blackbuck (
12276:Springbok (
12219:Antilopinae
12217:(subfamily
12164:Taurotragus
12131:Sitatunga (
12124:T. scriptus
12115:T. imberbis
12072:(including
12065:Tragelaphus
11886:B. quarlesi
11768:Boselaphini
11752:(subfamily
11657:O. nivicola
11498:N. caudatus
11487:Red goral (
11478:Naemorhedus
11441:C. swinhoei
11421:Red serow (
11403:Capricornis
11381:C. sibirica
11318:C. caucasia
11309:C. aegagrus
11307:Wild goat (
11261:A. jayakari
11250:Arabitragus
11209:(subfamily
11180:Antilopinae
11103:C. taurinus
11046:D. pygargus
10939:A. melampus
10860:K. vardonii
10822:Waterbuck (
10763:O. leucoryx
10692:Hippotragus
10620:O. hemionus
10618:Mule deer (
10517:Blastocerus
10426:M. bricenii
10384:H. bisulcus
10351:R. tarandus
10327:C. pygargus
10249:Capreolinae
10231:Sika deer (
10173:R. unicolor
10162:Rusa deer (
10065:A. porcinus
9885:M. montanus
9682:M. kathygre
9431:Pronghorn (
9422:Antilocapra
8961:November 6,
8895:Aftenposten
8644:November 6,
8470:December 7,
8276:December 1,
8189:15 December
8103:"zm.gov.lv"
8046:Aftenposten
7731:November 9,
7556:November 4,
7411:Alces alces
7362:27 November
7294:Alces alces
7203:Alces alces
7187:January 16,
6946:Alces alces
6769:February 6,
6739:December 6,
6729:KCRG News 9
6525:November 9,
6133:December 6,
6075:Bison bison
6012:Alces alces
6008:Canis lupus
5860:November 6,
5577:10852/85965
5554:: 120â126.
5487:C. ulrichii
5483:Alces alces
5280:February 2,
4488:Alces alces
3953:Alces alces
3860:October 25,
3729:January 15,
3637:January 15,
3582:NatureServe
3561:19 November
3534:Alces alces
3498:Hirvensalmi
3479:Hirvensalmi
3366:A. a. gigas
3304:Fredericton
3288:Aftenposten
3083:trophy head
2861:A. a. gigas
2835:, northern
2811:to western
2779:Connecticut
2610:Switzerland
2545:A. a. alces
2423:Populations
2391:L. gallicus
2340:L. gallicus
2336:L. gallicus
2285:Capreolinae
2262:Antlers of
2225:New Zealand
2215:A. a. gigas
2089:Mecklenburg
2085:Switzerland
2081:Netherlands
2069:Charlemagne
1987:A. a. alces
1967:winter tick
1963:brain worms
1870:Great Lakes
1859:Connecticut
1739:Isle Royale
1725:, northern
1721:, northern
1715:New England
1713:, northern
1705:), most of
1394:Black bears
1386:Brown bears
1382:Canis lupus
1378:gray wolves
1230:black flies
1121:guard hairs
1109:deer family
958:A. a. alces
894:Yukon River
890:A. a. gigas
857:Description
759:Old English
697:Alces alces
537:New England
477:circumpolar
461:land animal
431:Alces alces
352:Alces alces
293:Capreolinae
289:Subfamily:
206:NatureServe
14627:Categories
14544:Q109647135
14044:Polar bear
14039:Dall sheep
13979:Brown bear
13969:Black bear
13941:Snow goose
13901:Canvasback
13891:Black duck
13794:Game birds
13703:Choeropsis
13585:L. vicugna
13471:C. wagneri
13374:S. oliveri
13365:S. heureni
13101:S. grimmia
13090:Sylvicapra
13077:P. walteri
12990:C. rubidis
12981:C. ogilbyi
12927:C. harveyi
12891:C. brookei
12845:R. sharpei
12825:Steenbok (
12816:Raphicerus
12768:Oreotragus
12641:Neotragini
12590:Pantholops
12506:N. notatus
12464:L. walleri
12413:G. gazella
12386:G. cuvieri
12375:Chinkara (
12267:Antidorcas
12254:A. clarkei
12243:Ammodorcas
12233:Antilopini
12133:T. spekeii
12097:T. buxtoni
12088:T. angasii
11980:Wild yak (
11964:B. indicus
11919:B. bonasus
11859:B. bubalis
11802:Boselaphus
11778:Tetracerus
11648:O. gmelini
11516:N. griseus
11489:N. baileyi
11454:Hemitragus
11423:C. rubidus
11414:C. crispus
11363:C. nubiana
11226:Ammotragus
11129:Pantholops
11059:Alcelaphus
11044:Bontebok (
11037:D. lunatus
11026:Damaliscus
11013:B. hunteri
10902:R. redunca
10803:Reduncinae
10754:O. gazella
10703:H. equinus
10629:O. pandora
10609:Odocoileus
10493:Ozotoceros
10349:Reindeer (
10294:H. inermis
10283:Hydropotes
10206:C. elaphus
10204:Red deer (
10146:R. alfredi
10063:Hog deer (
9921:M. reevesi
9894:M. muntjak
9724:T. kanchil
9691:M. meminna
9638:Hyemoschus
9628:Tragulidae
9585:M. cupreus
9503:G. giraffa
9449:Giraffidae
9400:Ruminantia
9303:2007-01-28
9091:2021-04-14
9066:2021-04-14
8759:October 4,
8732:, 453â463.
8556:2009-11-08
8431:August 18,
8113:October 6,
7612:2023-06-15
7475:16 January
7449:16 January
7230:(4): 449.
6980:January 8,
6755:"tm Moose"
6708:January 9,
6698:Dec.ny.gov
6678:August 20,
6399:January 2,
6339:August 19,
6284:2023-10-22
6254:4 November
6220:2023-11-05
6191:2023-11-05
5647:28 October
5201:2022-04-02
4825:August 28,
4756:January 9,
4746:Mooseworld
4644:Moose diet
4629:22 January
4603:October 2,
4526:October 2,
4500:4 November
4444:2022-11-30
4243:2019-10-18
4053:22 January
3836:required.)
3795:required.)
3518:References
3447:physiology
3443:moose milk
3308:Saint John
3251:moose test
3242:seat belts
2960:Azerbaijan
2913:Washington
2527:Subspecies
2349:Dall sheep
2277:stag-moose
1927:Moose calf
1783:Washington
1602:Aggression
1580:(9 months)
1566:(3 months)
1450:blood loss
1410:Wolverines
1211:dandelions
1203:prehensile
1161:Moose mate
928:of a moose
664:wolverines
637:New Mexico
581:Kazakhstan
14029:Pronghorn
14024:Mule deer
13974:Razorback
13946:Wood duck
13883:Waterfowl
13831:Ptarmigan
13655:Suborder
13565:Guanaco (
13537:Camelidae
13523:Suborder
13495:D. tajacu
13484:Dicotyles
13460:Catagonus
13447:T. pecari
13392:S. scrofa
13296:P. porcus
13285:Bushpig (
13153:Babyrousa
13129:Suborder
13026:C. weynsi
13017:C. spadix
12882:C. adersi
12803:O. ourebi
12737:N. batesi
12726:Neotragus
12695:M. kirkii
12497:N. granti
12462:Gerenuk (
12431:G. spekei
12395:G. dorcas
12252:Dibatag (
12039:S. caffer
12004:Pseudoryx
11991:B. taurus
11971:Banteng (
11946:B. gaurus
11875:Tamaraw (
11721:Chamois (
11703:Rupicapra
11690:P. nayaur
11666:O. vignei
11646:Mouflon (
11345:C. hircus
11334:Markhor (
11237:A. lervia
11002:Beatragus
10928:Aepyceros
10752:Gemsbok (
10745:O. dammah
10587:P. carlae
10480:M. temama
10471:M. rufina
10435:M. chunyi
10417:M. bororo
10307:Capreolus
10233:C. nippon
10224:C. hanglu
10111:Elaphurus
10056:A. kuhlii
9970:Elaphodus
9838:Muntiacus
9673:M. indica
9662:Moschiola
9594:M. fuscus
9537:Moschidae
9398:Suborder
9358:Kingdom:
9308:from the
8830:0364-152X
8597:"adn.com"
8140:Postimees
8021:RiistaWeb
7790:225467866
7782:0305-0270
7546:NZ Herald
7526:March 27,
7423:August 7,
7393:August 7,
7074:236985989
7066:0022-541X
6927:8 January
6895:226361594
6246:: 53â68.
6210:gf.nd.gov
6165:April 20,
5992:22 August
5637:220526796
5037:266933839
5023:(34e11).
4867:USA Today
4553:(1): 33.
4145:129492491
4137:0962-8452
3500:, Finland
3126:red meats
3012:Stone Age
3002:European
2837:Minnesota
2833:Wisconsin
2749:, all of
2643:Manchuria
2578:Lithuania
2496:Lithuania
2434:In Canada
2387:Irish elk
2311:Libralces
2306:Cervalces
2235:Fiordland
2100:Lithuania
1951:parasites
1947:subarctic
1939:temperate
1915:Cow moose
1727:Wisconsin
1723:Minnesota
1641:Anchorage
1552:(newborn)
1472:Parasites
1414:Gulo gulo
1299:stripping
1278:ruminants
1113:eyelashes
1097:footprint
1089:pronghorn
1061:rhinarium
999:exostoses
986:castrated
849:form was
779:Old Norse
717:Algonquin
692:Etymology
648:Predators
621:Wisconsin
601:Minnesota
492:temperate
328:Species:
239:Kingdom:
233:Eukaryota
14538:Wikidata
14442:2.104982
14429:14200208
14403:56003281
14377:11098270
14257:BioLib:
14215:Wikidata
14129:See also
14090:Gray fox
13956:Big game
13861:Woodcock
13627:C. ferus
13583:Vicuña (
13576:L. pacos
13574:Alpaca (
13558:L. glama
13525:Tylopoda
13035:C. zebra
12963:C. niger
12537:Procapra
12315:Eudorcas
12291:Antilope
12028:Syncerus
11989:Cattle (
11982:B. mutus
11910:B. bison
11850:B. arnee
11811:Nilgai (
11688:Bharal (
11679:Pseudois
11639:O. dalli
11621:O. aries
11612:O. ammon
11610:Argali (
11562:Muskox (
11529:Oreamnos
11507:N. goral
11390:C. walie
11274:Budorcas
11211:Caprinae
11156:Caprinae
11011:Hirola (
10955:Peleinae
10937:Impala (
10842:K. leche
10840:Lechwe (
10736:O. beisa
10712:H. niger
10373:Taruca (
10340:Rangifer
10270:A. alces
10171:Sambar (
10098:R. eldii
10078:Rucervus
10036:Chital (
9828:Cervinae
9815:Cervidae
9776:Cervidae
9704:Tragulus
9378:Eutheria
9372:Mammalia
9366:Chordata
9364:Phylum:
9360:Animalia
9283:Archived
9166:Archived
9138:Archived
9085:Archived
9060:Archived
9031:Archived
9011:Archived
8984:Archived
8980:CBC News
8934:Archived
8915:Archived
8846:13700403
8838:29744581
8769:cite web
8750:Archived
8638:Archived
8617:Archived
8575:Archived
8544:(eds.).
8422:Archived
8377:June 27,
8345:Archived
8318:Archived
8294:Archived
8244:Archived
8215:June 27,
8183:Archived
8132:Archived
8081:Archived
8051:Archived
8024:Archived
8005:Archived
7978:Archived
7917:Archived
7896:Archived
7873:Archived
7854:Archived
7725:Archived
7606:Archived
7550:Archived
7520:Archived
7469:Archived
7443:Archived
7356:Archived
7335:Archived
7266:Archived
7244:30772675
7181:Archived
7148:Archived
7122:Archived
7093:Archived
6971:Archived
6921:Archived
6834:April 8,
6828:Archived
6814:credits
6793:Archived
6763:Archived
6702:Archived
6648:Archived
6629:Archived
6610:Archived
6591:Archived
6572:Archived
6548:Archived
6519:Archived
6493:Archived
6460:June 25,
6454:Archived
6365:June 27,
6359:Archived
6333:Archived
6278:Archived
6248:Archived
6214:Archived
6159:Archived
6127:Archived
6099:49315294
6036:Archived
5986:Archived
5953:20008798
5693:19770221
5685:25390764
5641:Archived
5596:33996444
5475:June 21,
5347:80431846
5304:Archived
5274:Archived
5241:June 22,
5195:Archived
5136:Archived
4958:Archived
4871:Archived
4819:Archived
4647:Archived
4623:Archived
4597:Archived
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4520:Archived
4463:Archived
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4362:Archived
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4237:Archived
4233:44737101
4183:Archived
4179:23736846
4047:Archived
3723:Archived
3631:Archived
3594:17 April
3588:Archived
3584:Explorer
3505:See also
3483:MÀntsÀlÀ
3465:Heraldry
3267:Elchtest
2893:Colorado
2829:Michigan
2783:New York
2753:and the
2663:Mongolia
2659:Chukotka
2639:Mongolia
2633:Eastern
2590:Slovakia
2504:: 28,000
2492:: 13,260
2324:Pliocene
2289:Pliocene
2279:skeleton
2231:Hokitika
2192:Chukotka
2187:poaching
2171:Mongolia
2137:Caucasus
2133:Slovakia
2079:and the
2061:Scotland
1881:ungulate
1855:New York
1811:pemmican
1759:Colorado
1731:Michigan
1454:paralyze
1446:perineum
1346:Iron Age
1313:fireweed
1274:giraffes
1270:browsers
1192:pondweed
1117:whiskers
1085:dewclaws
1041:roe deer
909:Growing
687:Taxonomy
629:Oklahoma
597:Michigan
589:Colorado
577:Mongolia
563:region,
561:Caucasus
449:and the
387:Synonyms
360:Linnaeus
283:Cervidae
279:Family:
263:Mammalia
253:Chordata
249:Phylum:
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229:Domain:
186:IUCN 3.1
14648:Alceini
14605:ZooBank
14584:4409380
14416:1006285
14351:2440940
14171:Fishing
14166:Whaling
14115:Red fox
14110:Raccoon
14100:Opossum
13989:Caribou
13931:Redhead
13921:Mallard
13906:Gadwall
13739:Cetacea
13730:Cetacea
13598:Camelus
13556:Llama (
13436:Tayassu
13252:Porcula
12801:Oribi (
12792:Ourebia
12675:Madoqua
12660:Beira (
12581:Saigini
12488:N. dama
12366:Gazella
12215:Bovidae
12213:Family
12184:T. oryx
12104:Bongo (
12086:Nyala (
12013:Saola (
11935:Gayal (
11839:Bubalus
11754:Bovinae
11750:Bovidae
11748:Family
11664:Urial (
11354:C. ibex
11283:Takin (
11207:Bovidae
11205:Family
11168:Bovinae
11094:C. gnou
10873:Redunca
10785:Addax (
10669:Bovidae
10667:Family
10575:Pudella
10562:P. pudu
10453:M. nana
10268:Moose (
10038:A. axis
10005:D. dama
9867:M. feae
9813:Family
9788:Bovidae
9733:T. napu
9547:Moschus
9483:Giraffa
9468:Okapi (
9370:Class:
9349:species
9345:Extant
8810:Bibcode
8713:July 3,
8689:3381081
8669:Bibcode
8324:June 4,
8242:: 1â4.
7987:June 4,
7955:June 4,
7923:June 4,
7814:May 25,
7760:Bibcode
7590:Bibcode
7262:Spiegel
7154:June 4,
7128:June 4,
7099:June 4,
7044:Bibcode
7005:Bibcode
6875:Bibcode
6694:"Moose"
6395:: 37â52
6045:May 15,
5933:Bibcode
5816:"Moose"
5780:"Moose"
5587:8105593
5556:Bibcode
5515:Bibcode
5443:Science
5310:May 15,
5132:3872518
4877:May 18,
4570:4949748
4516:"Moose"
4469:June 4,
4381:767-19.
3927:"Moose"
3848:"moose"
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3774:"moose"
3709:"alce,
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3421:before
3364:Moose (
3259:Ălgtest
3255:Swedish
3246:airbags
3199:kidneys
3191:Cadmium
3175:caribou
3122:protein
3098:shellac
3073:As food
2982:History
2956:Georgia
2952:Armenia
2917:Wyoming
2901:Montana
2825:Nunavut
2813:Ontario
2767:Vermont
2747:Ontario
2655:Siberia
2635:Siberia
2602:Germany
2598:Bohemia
2594:Ukraine
2582:Belarus
2566:Estonia
2550:Finland
2490:Estonia
2472:Finland
2179:Siberia
2156:Ăresund
2152:Zealand
2125:Ukraine
2121:Belarus
2109:Biebrza
2093:Germany
2057:Siberia
2045:Ukraine
2041:Belarus
2029:Estonia
2021:Finland
1887:in the
1843:Vermont
1775:Montana
1771:Wyoming
1751:Alberta
1660:Habitat
1637:hackles
1628:hackles
1523:diurnal
1402:cougars
1350:Siberia
1266:grazing
1209:, like
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911:antlers
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883:⁄
851:*mo·swa
775:*elhon-
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617:Vermont
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565:Belarus
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502:Hunting
486:of the
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436:largest
426:Eurasia
309:Genus:
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299:Tribe:
269:Order:
259:Class:
204: (
202:Secure
184: (
125:↓
14597:898282
14491:460509
14462:NZOR:
14390:180703
14364:522193
14325:305254
14312:ALCSAL
14299:328654
14273:201855
14221:Q35517
14105:Rabbit
14080:Coyote
14075:Bobcat
14070:Badger
14049:Whales
14034:Muskox
13856:Turkey
13806:Chukar
13143:Suidae
12744:Suni (
12477:Nanger
11962:Zebu (
11944:Gaur (
11829:Bovini
11553:Ovibos
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10833:K. kob
10397:Mazama
10186:Cervus
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4192:May 2,
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4017:Wood,
3972:
3909:
3617:"elk,
3473:, and
3412:Vyborg
3263:German
3138:wapiti
3128:(e.g.
3092:Moose
3081:Moose
2964:Turkey
2905:Oregon
2866:Alaska
2819:, the
2751:Quebec
2717:Koryak
2713:Anadyr
2709:Kolyma
2684:Ussuri
2606:France
2574:Poland
2570:Russia
2562:Latvia
2558:Norway
2554:Sweden
2520:Sweden
2514:Russia
2502:Poland
2484:Latvia
2478:Norway
2345:wapiti
2167:Russia
2131:, and
2117:Poland
2077:Alsace
2073:France
2049:Russia
2033:Poland
2025:Latvia
2017:Sweden
2013:Norway
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2001:Norway
1943:Arctic
1835:Quebec
1787:Oregon
1785:, and
1737:, and
1707:Alaska
1699:arctic
1695:Canada
1612:wolves
1485:, and
1400:) and
1329:beaver
1188:lilies
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1176:willow
1138:dewlap
1132:Dewlap
1067:Hooves
915:velvet
872:wapiti
771:*elho-
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583:, and
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440:extant
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14643:Moose
14571:11384
14566:EUNIS
14558:5XMWM
14504:43850
14478:20725
14372:IRMNG
14260:20892
14004:Moose
13131:Suina
12614:Saiga
12555:Goa (
12074:kudus
11298:Capra
10965:Pelea
10831:Kob (
10813:Kobus
10776:Addax
10259:Alces
10213:Elk (
8842:S2CID
8753:(PDF)
8746:(PDF)
8425:(PDF)
8418:(PDF)
8402:Moose
8236:Alces
7981:(PDF)
7974:(PDF)
7949:(PDF)
7942:(PDF)
7786:S2CID
7439:"Elg"
7298:alces
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7070:S2CID
6974:(PDF)
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6891:S2CID
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6085:(3).
6039:(PDF)
6032:(PDF)
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5633:S2CID
5621:(2).
5235:(PDF)
5228:(PDF)
5139:(PDF)
5128:JSTOR
5108:(PDF)
5033:S2CID
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3830:
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2301:Alces
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14592:ITIS
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14517:1419
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14450:NCBI
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14307:EPPO
14286:BHC3
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14014:Wolf
13737:see
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6501:2013
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6444:ISBN
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6047:2018
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5862:2009
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5264:ISBN
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4809:ISBN
4758:2011
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4023:ISBN
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