356:
147:
342:
328:
113:
3191:
Galewski, Thomas; Mauffrey, Jean-François; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Patton, James L.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2005). "Ecomorphological diversification among South
American spiny rats (Rodentia; Echimyidae): a phylogenetic and chronological approach".
2772:
Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Patton, James L.; Leite, Yuri L. R. (2016). "Family
Echimyidae (hutias, South American spiny-rats and coypu)". In Wilson, Don E.; Lacher, Thomas E. Jr; Mittermeier, Russell A. (eds.).
3262:
Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Galewski, Thomas; Tilak, Marie-ka; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2013-03-01). "Diversification of South
American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach".
3392:
Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2015). "Evolution of
Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.).
510:
The current taxonomic content of the family
Echimyidae has been reshaped over time, and its organization into coherent units stems from two realizations. The first is that
2668:
Gray, J. E. (1825). "Outline of an attempt at the disposition of the
Mammalia into tribes and families with a list of the genera apparently appertaining to each tribe".
3227:
Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2012). "Diversification and biogeography of the
Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)".
5091:
3408:
3911:
3335:
Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Vilstrup, Julia T.; Raghavan, Maanasa; Der
Sarkissian, Clio; Willerslev, Eske; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P.; Orlando, Ludovic (2014-07-01).
3113:; da Silva, Maria Nazareth F. (1996). "The Simultaneous Diversification of South American Echimyid Rodents (Hystricognathi) Based on Complete Cytochrome
2809:; Justy, Fabienne; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Loss, Ana Carolina; Orlando, Ludovic; Tilak, Marie-Ka; Patterson, Bruce D.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2017-03-01).
1504:
seems to retain the otherwise deciduous premolars (dP4). Some of these characters have been, however, reinterpreted as evidence for affinities between
1251:
1414:
1531:
is more closely related to the
Erethizontidae than to the Echimyidae, although it branches as the sister group to the rest of the Erethizontidae.
5727:
1382:
1342:
1289:
1266:
1243:
308:
554:). The following table recapitulates and compares the taxonomic content of taxa recognized on molecular and traditional basis: the two families
1406:
5766:
1398:
1366:
1358:
1305:
1281:
1273:
1297:
1259:
1235:
5845:
1422:
1390:
1374:
1227:
5701:
3933:
2637:(2005). "A revision of the genera of arboreal Echimyidae (Rodentia: Echimyidae, Echimyinae), with descriptions of two new genera".
5850:
5740:
2606:
with
Myocastorini rather than with Echimyini. The red bar shows the polyphyly of the fossorial taxa, due to closer affinities of
3941:
5758:
3409:"Digging for the spiny rat and hutia phylogeny using a gene capture approach, with the description of a new mammal subfamily"
3396:. Buenos Aires: SAREM Series A, Mammalogical Research — Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los MamĂferos. pp. 63–120.
2951:
2904:
2784:
2709:
5745:
1488:, has sometimes been classified in Echimyidae, although traditionally considered a member of the New World porcupine family
539:
2774:
2858:
D’ElĂa, G.; Fabre, P.-H.; Lessa, E.P. (2019). "Rodent systematics in an age of discovery: recent advances and prospects".
3448:
2652:
2929:
2886:
2691:
1500:
seems to lack posterior carotid foramina, and together with all echimyids and in contrast to all other caviomorphs,
5313:
3306:
5771:
3156:(2002). "Evolution of South American spiny rats (Rodentia, Echimyidae): the star-phylogeny hypothesis revisited".
5286:
5259:
5223:
4170:
4088:
543:
5840:
5530:
5277:
5232:
4545:
4509:
4446:
2644:
478:
Most spiny rats are rare and poorly known, but a few are extremely abundant. Various species are respectively
2640:
Mammalian Diversification: From Chromosomes to phylogeography (A Celebration of the Career of James L. Patton)
5268:
5241:
4518:
4500:
4491:
2598:
The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters. The green bar shows the
4404:
4338:
4329:
4320:
4278:
4097:
3926:
125:
5753:
5662:
4936:
4482:
4464:
490:. In general, the arboreal forms are most rat-like in appearance, whilst the burrowing species are more
17:
5667:
3337:"Rodents of the Caribbean: origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next-generation museomics"
5250:
4527:
4245:
4197:
4179:
4121:
146:
3028:
5295:
5835:
5304:
5109:
4473:
4437:
4269:
2699:
5538:
4536:
4413:
4371:
4164:
3919:
494:-like, with stocky bodies and short tails. Most species do poorly in conditions of high heat and
345:
3054:
Vilela, R.V.; Machado, T.; Ventura, K.; Fagundes, V.; Silva, M.J.; Yonenaga-Yassuda, Y. (2009).
5797:
5602:
5166:
4895:
4872:
4781:
4455:
4188:
2747:
472:
4347:
5792:
5732:
5045:
4913:
4904:
4840:
4822:
4799:
4758:
3441:
2941:
2739:
1484:
5807:
5784:
380:
rodents. It is probably also the most ecologically diverse, with members ranging from fully
5688:
5649:
5640:
5413:
5404:
4968:
4569:
4287:
515:
359:
276:
133:
5118:
8:
5830:
5199:
5027:
4945:
4712:
4221:
4212:
4130:
4046:
3825:
3772:
2999:"Rodents from the Deseadan Oligocene of Bolivia and the relationships of the Caviomorpha"
2894:
5100:
5000:
5522:
5483:
5467:
5363:
5354:
5190:
5140:
4991:
4064:
3666:
3369:
3336:
3287:
3086:
3055:
2811:"Mitogenomic Phylogeny, Diversification, and Biogeography of South American Spiny Rats"
1646:
1615:
Genus-level cladogram of the Echimyidae (including members of the family Capromyidae).
1544:
567:
479:
385:
299:
141:
129:
3169:
355:
5779:
5675:
5574:
5018:
4863:
4735:
4380:
4296:
4055:
3650:
3374:
3356:
3279:
3275:
3244:
3209:
3173:
3134:
3091:
2957:
2947:
2910:
2900:
2840:
2832:
2780:
2715:
2705:
2648:
1606:
1463:
1447:
3426:
3291:
2638:
5654:
5499:
5009:
4790:
4630:
4621:
3494:
3434:
3364:
3348:
3271:
3236:
3201:
3165:
3126:
3081:
3071:
2867:
2822:
2806:
2634:
535:
253:
5082:
1539:
The phylogenetic tree of the Echimyidae shows a major split between the subfamily
5680:
5054:
5036:
4139:
3703:
3520:
3153:
3110:
2994:
1705:
1589:
1042:
491:
453:
401:
318:
303:
3240:
3205:
498:
and are restricted to regions with abundant water. They are almost exclusively
5444:
5436:
5336:
4831:
4593:
4002:
3996:
3889:
3740:
1489:
377:
218:
208:
3053:
467:
long enough for the spiny rat to escape. Unlike the tails of some species of
5824:
5625:
5555:
4560:
3950:
3897:
3849:
3549:
3360:
3283:
2975:
Stehlin HG, Schaub S (1951). "Die Trigonodontie der simplicidentaten Nager".
2937:
2890:
2871:
2836:
2695:
2443:
2407:
1772:
1513:
853:
769:
595:
575:
559:
519:
397:
238:
70:
2961:
2914:
2827:
2810:
2719:
475:. Therefore, the tactic can only be used once in an individual's lifetime.
5565:
5458:
4611:
3881:
3597:
3504:
3378:
3352:
3248:
3213:
3177:
3130:
3095:
3076:
2844:
1956:
1861:
1780:
1517:
1334:
1147:
1105:
587:
531:
527:
341:
3138:
2614:
has recently (2019) been classified in its own subfamily Carterodontinae.
5714:
5634:
5491:
5475:
5427:
5385:
4654:
4645:
4236:
4008:
3957:
3815:
3764:
3033:(Olfers, 1818) (Hystricognathi, Rodentia) and its taxonomic implications"
2164:
2084:
1810:
1761:
1554:
1492:. The classification with Echimyidae is supported by similarities in the
1439:
1351:
1126:
916:
874:
579:
571:
555:
523:
425:
409:
393:
331:
313:
291:
228:
45:
5073:
4693:
4395:
4037:
4018:
3857:
3797:
3782:
3682:
3674:
3658:
3582:
3572:
3565:
2468:
2234:
2023:
1980:
1946:
1794:
1748:
1595:
1577:
1565:
1549:
1540:
1455:
1084:
1000:
958:
811:
706:
591:
563:
449:
445:
421:
295:
262:
90:
55:
1557:. The first major clade contains a majority of arboreal genera (e.g.,
5719:
5513:
4669:
4428:
4362:
4027:
3865:
3727:
3719:
3633:
3626:
3610:
2776:
Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol 6. Lagomorphs and Rodents I
2599:
2583:
2486:
2330:
2115:
2066:
1879:
1583:
1559:
1524:
1509:
1168:
937:
832:
664:
583:
511:
499:
487:
416:. Species of the extinct subfamily Heteropsomyinae formerly lived on
413:
389:
327:
158:
95:
5706:
5596:
2704:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1575–1592.
5619:
5214:
4260:
4154:
4079:
3978:
3833:
3805:
3643:
3536:
3528:
3488:
3476:
3334:
2998:
2576:
2389:
2287:
2131:
2005:
1836:
1662:
1601:
1493:
1326:
1189:
1021:
979:
790:
748:
685:
483:
464:
460:
429:
381:
178:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
5157:
4584:
4311:
4112:
3789:
3690:
2943:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
2896:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
2701:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
2312:
2252:
2182:
1687:
1571:
1318:
1063:
895:
727:
643:
270:
100:
75:
5181:
4678:
3990:
3984:
3972:
3589:
3482:
3470:
3458:
3307:"Unexpected phylogenetic relationships of the painted tree rat
3056:"The taxonomic status of the endangered thin-spined porcupine,
618:
Comparison between molecular-based and traditional systematics
547:
468:
373:
198:
188:
168:
3407:
Courcelle, Maxime; Tilak, Marie-Ka; Leite, Yuri L. R. (2019).
2946:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 1546.
5693:
5394:
3756:
1496:
structure. Like all living caviomorphs except erethizontids,
1431:
405:
121:
120:
Several members of the Echimyidae. From top-left, clockwise:
112:
3841:
3190:
1587:). The second major clade includes fossorial genera (e.g.,
1313:
Subfamily †Heteropsomyinae - extinct West Indian echimyids
495:
417:
3539:(Squirrels, chipmunks, marmots, susliks and prairie dogs)
3261:
441:
3305:
Loss, Ana; Moura, Raquel T.; Leite, Yuri L. R. (2014).
3060:(Olfers, 1818), based on molecular and karyologic data"
2437:
2281:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2125:
1974:
1966:
1830:
1804:
1656:
456:, that presumably serve for protection from predators.
3394:
Biology of caviomorph rodents: diversity and evolution
2610:
with Capromyidae rather than with Euryzygomatomyinae.
3456:
2804:
550:
and the recognition of higher categorical ranks (see
3406:
376:relatives. This is the most species-rich family of
3108:
2602:of the arboreal taxa, due to closer affinities of
372:is the family of neotropical spiny rats and their
3661:(Zokors, bamboo rats, mole rats, blind mole rats)
2685:
2683:
526:. The second realization came from the advent of
518:showed that many traits used to define taxa were
5822:
2899:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press.
2857:
2771:
2927:
2884:
2878:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2689:
3391:
3304:
3226:
2921:
2779:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 552–641.
2680:
452:. Most species have stiff, pointed hairs, or
400:; three members of the family also range into
3927:
3442:
3400:
3003:Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
2993:
2987:
2974:
620:for extant Echimyidae and Capromyidae genera
3184:
2977:Schweizerische Paläontologische Abhandlungen
2726:
444:, although they are more closely related to
5563:
3151:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2767:
2765:
2763:
3934:
3920:
3449:
3435:
3026:
546:— leading to the identification of robust
471:, however, the tails of spiny rats do not
440:In general form, most spiny rats resemble
111:
5352:
3385:
3368:
3328:
3255:
3220:
3145:
3085:
3075:
2851:
2826:
2627:
3298:
3102:
3029:"Substitution of the deciduous premolar
2793:
2760:
463:when attacked. This action may confuse
354:
340:
326:
2805:Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Upham, Nathan S.;
2620:
396:habits. They presently exist mainly in
14:
5823:
3636:(Jerboas, jumping mice and birch mice)
2928:Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005).
2885:Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005).
2690:Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005).
2633:
5601:
5600:
3915:
3600:(Kangaroo rats and mice, pocket mice)
3430:
3413:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
3229:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
3194:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
3158:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
3119:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2667:
1508:and the Erethizontidae. A molecular
24:
4510:Blacked-spined Atlantic tree-rat (
1474:
435:
25:
5862:
5846:Extant Chattian first appearances
5287:Mouse-tailed Atlantic spiny rat (
5224:White-spined Atlantic spiny rat (
4171:Yellow-crowned brush-tailed rat (
4089:Colombian soft-furred spiny rat (
2737:
1575:), a few terrestrial taxa (e.g.,
1543:and an assemblage containing the
1210:
5345:
5233:Soft-spined Atlantic spiny rat (
5148:
4546:Short-furred Atlantic tree-rat (
4447:Orange-brown Atlantic tree-rat (
3276:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00572.x
601:
538:data with probability methods —
145:
43:
5531:Isla De La Juventud tree hutia
5314:Yonenaga's Atlantic spiny rat (
5269:Dark-caped Atlantic spiny rat (
4519:Rusty-sided Atlantic tree-rat (
4501:Long-furred Atlantic tree-rat (
4492:Mantiqueira Atlantic tree-rat (
3047:
3020:
2968:
2815:Molecular Biology and Evolution
5851:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
5260:Ihering's Atlantic spiny rat (
4405:Bare-tailed armored tree-rat (
4339:Tufted-tailed spiny tree-rat (
4330:Woolly-headed spiny tree-rat (
4279:Long-tailed armored tree-rat (
4098:Rufous soft-furred spiny rat (
3037:Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde
2661:
2645:University of California Press
1605:), and members inhabiting the
551:
505:
13:
1:
5278:Moojen's Atlantic spiny rat (
3677:(Malagasy rats and relatives)
3170:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00279-8
5251:Gracile Atlantic spiny rat (
5242:Elias's Atlantic spiny rat (
4528:Southern Atlantic tree-rat (
4270:Red-nosed armored tree-rat (
4246:Tuft-tailed spiny tree-rat (
4198:Sinnamary brush-tailed rat (
4180:Rio Negro brush-tailed rat (
4122:White-faced spiny tree-rat (
3876:(Spiny rats, coypus, hutias)
2429: "Dactylomyines"
1534:
7:
5296:Spiked Atlantic spiny rat (
4321:Ferreira's spiny tree-rat (
4297:Peruvian armored tree-rat (
3900:(Chinchillas and viscachas)
3693:(House mouse and relatives)
3241:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.020
3206:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.015
1620:
1527:evidence actually suggests
10:
5867:
5305:Hairy Atlantic spiny rat (
4483:Lund's Atlantic tree-rat (
4474:Pallid Atlantic tree-rat (
4465:Kerr's Atlantic tree-rat (
4438:Golden Atlantic tree-rat (
3818:(New World hystricognaths)
880:tuft-tailed spiny tree-rat
796:toros or brush-tailed rats
631:Molecular-based subfamily
364:Santamartamys rufodorsalis
5609:
5554:
5511:
5456:
5425:
5402:
5393:
5384:
5334:
5212:
5179:
5155:
5139:
5071:
4981:
4958:
4926:
4885:
4853:
4812:
4771:
4748:
4725:
4702:
4691:
4667:
4643:
4619:
4610:
4582:
4558:
4537:Giant Atlantic tree-rat (
4426:
4414:Speckled spiny tree-rat (
4393:
4372:White-tailed olalla rat (
4360:
4309:
4258:
4234:
4210:
4152:
4140:Vieira's spiny tree-rat (
4110:
4077:
4035:
4026:
4017:
3967:
3942:Extant species of family
3739:
3702:
3609:
3548:
3503:
3465:
3457:Extant families in order
2482:
2464:
2457:
2439:
2431:
2403:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2326:
2308:
2301:
2283:
2275:
2248:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2178:
2160:
2153:
2145:
2127:
2119:
2080:
2062:
2055:
2019:
2001:
1994:
1976:
1968:
1960:
1950:
1875:
1857:
1850:
1832:
1824:
1806:
1798:
1776:
1765:
1744:
1737:
1701:
1683:
1676:
1658:
1650:
1640:
1633:
1581:), and a subaquatic one (
289:
284:
268:
261:
142:Scientific classification
140:
126:Ferreira's spiny tree-rat
119:
110:
34:
5539:Prehensile-tailed hutia
5167:Broad-headed spiny rat (
4896:Short-tailed spiny rat (
4456:Drab Atlantic tree-rat (
4189:Plain brush-tailed rat (
3685:(Hamsters and relatives)
3064:BMC Evolutionary Biology
2740:"Echimyidae: spiny rats"
1482:The bristle-spined rat,
637:Traditional systematics
516:morphological characters
5046:Gray-footed spiny rat (
4937:O'Connell's spiny rat (
4914:Long-tailed spiny rat (
4759:Stiff-spine spiny rat (
4570:Red-crested tree-rat (
4288:Dark armored tree-rat (
3311:(Rodentia: Echimyidae)"
562:, the five subfamilies
346:White-tailed olalla rat
3852:(Agoutis and acouchis)
3828:(New World porcupines)
3775:(Old World porcupines)
3353:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0266
3131:10.1006/mpev.1996.0035
3077:10.1186/1471-2148-9-29
2997:; Wood, A. E. (1982).
2940:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
2893:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
2872:10.1093/jmammal/gyy179
2748:University of Michigan
2698:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
2635:Emmons, Louise Hickock
1599:), a terrestrial one (
634:Molecular-based tribe
582:, and the four tribes
514:approaches applied to
366:
352:
338:
5841:Hystricognath rodents
5793:Paleobiology Database
5110:Sao Lourenço punaré (
5028:Magdalena spiny rat (
4873:Roberto's spiny rat (
4782:Gardner's spiny rat (
4713:Colombian spiny rat (
4348:Pará spiny tree-rat (
4222:Atlantic bamboo rat (
4131:Dark spiny tree-rat (
4047:Bolivian bamboo rat (
3884:(Degus and relatives)
3669:(Mouse-like hamsters)
3058:Chaetomys subspinosus
3031:Chaetomys subspinosus
2828:10.1093/molbev/msw261
1485:Chaetomys subspinosus
461:break off their tails
358:
344:
330:
41:Late Oligocene–Recent
4992:Trinidad spiny rat (
4905:Cuvier's spiny rat (
4841:Steere's spiny rat (
4823:Goeldi's spiny rat (
4800:Patton's spiny rat (
4065:Montane bamboo rat (
2887:"Family Capromyidae"
2860:Journal of Mammalogy
2744:Animal Diversity Web
2670:Annals of Philosophy
2647:. pp. 247–310.
2621:References and notes
775:red-crested tree-rat
360:Red-crested tree rat
5484:Black-tailed hutia
5119:Paraguayan punaré (
5019:Guyanan spiny rat (
4969:Simon's spiny rat (
4864:Guyenne spiny rat (
4736:Pacific spiny rat (
4381:Greedy olalla rat (
4056:Amazon bamboo rat (
3152:Leite, Yuri L. R.;
3027:Carvalho G (2000).
2692:"Family Echimyidae"
1027:Atlantic spiny rats
859:Atlantic bamboo rat
649:arboreal spiny rats
621:
459:Many echimyids can
350:Olallamys albicauda
5575:Hispaniolan hutia
5502:(M. sanfelipensis)
5470:(M. angelcabrerai)
5414:Desmarest's hutia
5200:Fischer's guiara (
5141:Euryzygomatomyinae
5101:Highlands punaré (
5010:Guaira spiny rat (
5001:Boyacá spiny rat (
4946:Tome's spiny rat (
4791:Kulina spiny rat (
4631:Painted tree-rat (
4494:P. mantiqueirensis
3767:(Laotian rock rat)
3747:("Porcupine-like")
3710:("Anomalure-like")
3653:(Oriental dormice)
3651:Platacanthomyidae
3309:Callistomys pictus
1647:Euryzygomatomyinae
1545:Euryzygomatomyinae
1072:Euryzygomatomyinae
1051:Euryzygomatomyinae
1030:Euryzygomatomyinae
670:Atlantic tree-rats
617:
568:Euryzygomatomyinae
544:Bayesian inference
540:maximum likelihood
367:
353:
339:
300:Euryzygomatomyinae
130:Atlantic spiny rat
5818:
5817:
5780:Open Tree of Life
5603:Taxon identifiers
5594:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5550:
5549:
5533:(M. meridionalis)
5500:San Felipe hutia
5380:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5364:Owl's spiny rat (
5330:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5191:Brandt's guiara (
5135:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5092:Foster's punaré (
5067:
5066:
5055:Sucre spiny rat (
5037:Minca spiny rat (
4834:P. quadruplicatus
4606:
4605:
4200:I. sinnamariensis
4165:I. barbarabrownae
3961:
3954:
3947:
3909:
3908:
3901:
3893:
3892:(Chinchilla rats)
3885:
3877:
3869:
3861:
3853:
3845:
3837:
3829:
3819:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3776:
3768:
3760:
3750:
3731:
3723:
3713:
3694:
3686:
3678:
3670:
3662:
3654:
3637:
3620:
3601:
3593:
3576:
3559:
3540:
3532:
3524:
3523:(Mountain beaver)
3514:
3511:("Squirrel-like")
3264:Zoologica Scripta
3109:Lara, Márcia C.;
2953:978-0-8018-8221-0
2906:978-0-8018-8221-0
2807:Emmons, Louise H.
2786:978-84-941892-3-4
2711:978-0-8018-8221-0
2643:. Vol. 133.
2618:
2617:
2593:
2592:
2570:
2569:
2561:
2560:
2552:
2551:
2543:
2542:
2534:
2533:
2525:
2524:
2516:
2515:
2507:
2506:
2498:
2497:
2419:
2418:
2360:
2359:
2351:
2350:
2342:
2341:
2264:
2263:
2194:
2193:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2095:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2034:
1936:
1935:
1927:
1926:
1918:
1917:
1909:
1908:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1726:
1725:
1717:
1716:
1607:Caribbean islands
1464:Rhizoplagiodontia
1448:Hyperplagiodontia
1217:Family Echimyidae
1208:
1207:
1195:Desmarest's hutia
608:Family Echimyidae
552:Phylogeny section
408:are found in the
336:Hoplomys gymnurus
325:
324:
257:
134:Desmarest's hutia
27:Family of rodents
16:(Redirected from
5858:
5811:
5810:
5801:
5800:
5788:
5787:
5775:
5774:
5762:
5761:
5749:
5748:
5736:
5735:
5723:
5722:
5710:
5709:
5697:
5696:
5684:
5683:
5671:
5670:
5658:
5657:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5598:
5597:
5561:
5560:
5541:(M. prehensilis)
5523:Garrido's hutia
5468:Cabrera's hutia
5400:
5399:
5391:
5390:
5350:
5349:
5343:
5342:
5153:
5152:
5146:
5145:
4916:P. longicaudatus
4832:Napo spiny rat (
4700:
4699:
4617:
4616:
4594:Giant tree-rat (
4033:
4032:
4024:
4023:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3913:
3912:
3899:
3891:
3883:
3875:
3867:
3859:
3851:
3843:
3835:
3827:
3817:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3774:
3766:
3758:
3757:Ctenodactylidae
3749:
3748:
3744:
3729:
3721:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3692:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3652:
3635:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3599:
3592:(Pocket gophers)
3591:
3574:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3538:
3530:
3522:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3495:Euarchontoglires
3451:
3444:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3372:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3318:Natureza on Line
3315:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3154:Patton, James L.
3149:
3143:
3142:
3111:Patton, James L.
3106:
3100:
3099:
3089:
3079:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2830:
2802:
2791:
2790:
2769:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2735:
2724:
2723:
2687:
2678:
2677:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2631:
2460:
2459:
2434:
2433:
2381:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2304:
2303:
2278:
2277:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2208:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2147:
2122:
2121:
2058:
2057:
1997:
1996:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1853:
1852:
1827:
1826:
1801:
1800:
1768:
1767:
1740:
1739:
1679:
1678:
1653:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1612:
1611:
1516:gene coding for
1252:Proclinodontomys
922:painted tree-rat
628:Vernacular name
622:
616:
536:protein sequence
252:
150:
149:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
5866:
5865:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5836:Rodent families
5821:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5806:
5804:
5796:
5791:
5783:
5778:
5770:
5765:
5757:
5752:
5744:
5739:
5731:
5726:
5718:
5713:
5705:
5700:
5692:
5687:
5679:
5674:
5666:
5661:
5653:
5648:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5605:
5595:
5582:
5546:
5507:
5452:
5445:Bahamian hutia
5437:Jamaican coney
5421:
5372:
5322:
5208:
5182:Euryzygomatomys
5175:
5127:
5083:Common punaré (
5063:
5021:P. hoplomyoides
4977:
4954:
4948:P. semispinosus
4922:
4881:
4849:
4808:
4767:
4744:
4721:
4687:
4663:
4639:
4602:
4578:
4572:S. rufodorsalis
4554:
4449:P. brasiliensis
4422:
4416:P. semivillosus
4389:
4356:
4305:
4272:M. didelphoides
4254:
4230:
4206:
4148:
4106:
4073:
4013:
3963:
3940:
3910:
3905:
3826:Erethizontidae
3746:
3745:
3743:
3735:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:Anomaluromorpha
3698:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3605:
3556:("Beaver-like")
3555:
3554:
3552:
3544:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3499:
3461:
3455:
3425:
3424:
3405:
3401:
3390:
3386:
3347:(7): 20140266.
3341:Biology Letters
3333:
3329:
3313:
3303:
3299:
3260:
3256:
3225:
3221:
3189:
3185:
3150:
3146:
3107:
3103:
3052:
3048:
3025:
3021:
3012:
3010:
2992:
2988:
2973:
2969:
2954:
2926:
2922:
2907:
2883:
2879:
2856:
2852:
2803:
2794:
2787:
2770:
2761:
2752:
2750:
2736:
2727:
2712:
2688:
2681:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2571:
2562:
2553:
2544:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2420:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2265:
2195:
2106:
2097:
2045:
2036:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1910:
1901:
1892:
1727:
1718:
1706:Euryzygomatomys
1609:(Capromyidae).
1590:Euryzygomatomys
1537:
1480:
1213:
1090:Owl's spiny rat
1043:Euryzygomatomys
901:spiny tree-rats
619:
604:
508:
438:
436:Characteristics
402:Central America
319:Heteropsomyinae
316:
311:
306:
304:Carterodontinae
302:
298:
294:
280:
274:
251:
144:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5864:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5802:
5789:
5776:
5763:
5750:
5737:
5724:
5711:
5698:
5685:
5672:
5659:
5646:
5631:
5615:
5613:
5607:
5606:
5592:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5580:
5571:
5569:
5558:
5552:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5536:
5528:
5519:
5517:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5497:
5489:
5486:(M. melanurus)
5481:
5473:
5464:
5462:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5447:(G. ingrahami)
5442:
5433:
5431:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5416:(C. pilorides)
5410:
5408:
5397:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5360:
5358:
5347:
5340:
5337:Incertae sedis
5332:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5311:
5302:
5293:
5284:
5275:
5271:T. mirapitanga
5266:
5257:
5248:
5239:
5230:
5220:
5218:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5197:
5187:
5185:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5163:
5161:
5150:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5116:
5107:
5098:
5089:
5079:
5077:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5052:
5043:
5034:
5025:
5016:
5007:
5003:P. chrysaeolus
4998:
4988:
4986:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4965:
4963:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4943:
4933:
4931:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4911:
4902:
4892:
4890:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4870:
4866:P. guyannensis
4860:
4858:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4838:
4829:
4819:
4817:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4797:
4788:
4778:
4776:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4761:P. echinothrix
4755:
4753:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4732:
4730:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4709:
4707:
4697:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4675:
4673:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4651:
4649:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4627:
4625:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4590:
4588:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4566:
4564:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4543:
4534:
4525:
4516:
4512:P. nigrispinus
4507:
4498:
4489:
4480:
4471:
4462:
4453:
4444:
4440:P. blainvillii
4434:
4432:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4411:
4401:
4399:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4378:
4368:
4366:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4345:
4336:
4327:
4317:
4315:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4294:
4285:
4276:
4266:
4264:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4242:
4240:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4218:
4216:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4195:
4186:
4177:
4168:
4160:
4158:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4137:
4128:
4118:
4116:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4095:
4085:
4083:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4062:
4053:
4049:D. boliviensis
4043:
4041:
4030:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4005:
4003:Hystricognathi
3999:
3997:Hystricomorpha
3993:
3987:
3981:
3975:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3951:Myocastoridae
3939:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3916:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:Chinchillidae
3895:
3887:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3855:
3850:Dasyproctidae
3847:
3839:
3831:
3823:
3821:
3812:
3811:
3806:Thryonomyidae
3803:
3795:
3787:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3753:
3751:
3741:Hystricomorpha
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3725:
3716:
3714:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3672:
3664:
3656:
3648:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3631:
3629:
3623:
3621:
3617:("Mouse-like")
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3570:
3568:
3562:
3560:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3534:
3526:
3521:Aplodontiidae
3517:
3515:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3491:
3485:
3479:
3473:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3454:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3422:
3399:
3384:
3327:
3297:
3270:(2): 117–134.
3254:
3235:(2): 417–429.
3219:
3200:(3): 601–615.
3183:
3164:(3): 455–464.
3144:
3125:(2): 403–413.
3101:
3046:
3019:
2986:
2967:
2952:
2920:
2905:
2877:
2866:(3): 852–871.
2850:
2821:(3): 613–633.
2792:
2785:
2759:
2725:
2710:
2679:
2660:
2653:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2582:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2463:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2438:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1951:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1775:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1624:
1617:
1616:
1536:
1533:
1490:Erethizontidae
1479:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1418:
1415:Protadelphomys
1410:
1402:
1394:
1386:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1338:
1330:
1322:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1285:
1277:
1263:
1255:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1212:
1211:Extinct genera
1209:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1093:Caterodontinae
1091:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
996:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
975:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
954:
953:
952:Myocastoridae
950:
947:
944:
941:
933:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
912:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
891:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
870:
869:
868:Dactylomyinae
866:
863:
860:
857:
849:
848:
847:Dactylomyinae
845:
842:
839:
836:
828:
827:
826:Dactylomyinae
824:
821:
818:
815:
807:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
786:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
765:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
744:
743:
740:
737:
734:
733:giant tree-rat
731:
723:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
702:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
681:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
660:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
639:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
615:
614:
603:
600:
507:
504:
437:
434:
323:
322:
287:
286:
282:
281:
275:
266:
265:
259:
258:
246:
242:
241:
236:
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
219:Hystricognathi
216:
212:
211:
209:Hystricomorpha
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
138:
137:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5863:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5809:
5803:
5799:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5651:
5647:
5642:
5636:
5632:
5627:
5621:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5599:
5579:
5578:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5556:Plagiodontini
5553:
5543:
5542:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5525:(M. garridoi)
5521:
5520:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5510:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5429:
5424:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5369:
5367:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5319:
5317:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5249:
5247:
5245:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5235:T. dimidiatus
5231:
5229:
5227:
5226:T. albispinus
5222:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5203:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5178:
5172:
5170:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5154:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5124:
5122:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5112:T. laurentius
5108:
5106:
5104:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5085:T. apereoides
5081:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5060:
5058:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5030:P. magdalenae
5026:
5024:
5022:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5008:
5006:
5004:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4994:P. trinitatus
4990:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4980:
4974:
4972:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4957:
4951:
4949:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4925:
4919:
4917:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4898:P. brevicauda
4894:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4888:longicaudatus
4884:
4878:
4876:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4852:
4846:
4844:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4803:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4770:
4764:
4762:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4747:
4741:
4739:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4724:
4718:
4716:
4715:P. canicollis
4711:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4660:
4658:
4655:Armored rat (
4653:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4634:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4599:
4597:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4575:
4573:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4561:Santamartamys
4557:
4551:
4549:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4384:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4353:
4351:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4302:
4300:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4249:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4213:Kannabateomys
4209:
4203:
4201:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4145:
4143:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4070:
4068:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4058:D. dactylinus
4054:
4052:
4050:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4010:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3937:
3932:
3930:
3925:
3923:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3882:Octodontidae
3880:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3864:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3840:
3838:
3832:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3798:Petromuridae
3796:
3794:
3790:Bathyergidae
3788:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3763:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3730:(Springhares)
3726:
3724:
3720:Anomaluridae
3718:
3717:
3715:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3667:Calomyscidae
3665:
3663:
3657:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3598:Heteromyidae
3596:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3551:
3550:Castorimorpha
3547:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3527:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3452:
3447:
3445:
3440:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3403:
3395:
3388:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3331:
3323:
3319:
3312:
3310:
3301:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3258:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3223:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3187:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3023:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2995:Patterson, B.
2990:
2982:
2978:
2971:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2933:
2924:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2788:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2684:
2675:
2671:
2664:
2656:
2654:9780520098534
2650:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2626:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2565:
2557:
2556:
2548:
2547:
2539:
2538:
2530:
2529:
2521:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2503:
2502:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2462:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2444:Kannabateomys
2436:
2435:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2408:Santamartamys
2401:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2356:
2355:
2347:
2346:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2306:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2227:
2226:
2219:
2218:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2101:
2100:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2040:
2039:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1965:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1932:
1931:
1923:
1922:
1914:
1913:
1905:
1904:
1896:
1895:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1855:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1774:
1773:Plagiodontini
1770:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1721:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1515:
1514:mitochondrial
1512:based on the
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1383:Palaeoechimys
1379:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1343:Puertoricomys
1339:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1290:Paradelphomys
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1267:Adelphomyinae
1264:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1244:Paulacoutomys
1240:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1117:Plagiodontini
1116:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
993:
990:
987:
984:
982:
981:
977:
976:
972:
969:
966:
963:
961:
960:
956:
955:
951:
948:
945:
943:coypu, nutria
942:
940:
939:
935:
934:
930:
927:
924:
921:
919:
918:
914:
913:
909:
906:
903:
900:
898:
897:
893:
892:
888:
885:
882:
879:
877:
876:
872:
871:
867:
864:
861:
858:
856:
855:
854:Kannabateomys
851:
850:
846:
843:
840:
837:
835:
834:
830:
829:
825:
822:
819:
816:
814:
813:
809:
808:
804:
801:
798:
795:
793:
792:
788:
787:
783:
780:
777:
774:
772:
771:
770:Santamartamys
767:
766:
762:
759:
756:
753:
751:
750:
746:
745:
741:
738:
735:
732:
730:
729:
725:
724:
720:
717:
714:
711:
709:
708:
704:
703:
699:
696:
693:
690:
688:
687:
683:
682:
678:
675:
672:
669:
667:
666:
662:
661:
657:
654:
651:
648:
646:
645:
641:
640:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
623:
613:
609:
606:
605:
602:Extant genera
599:
597:
596:Plagiodontini
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
576:Dactylomyinae
573:
569:
565:
561:
560:Myocastoridae
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
520:plesiomorphic
517:
513:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:South America
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:hystricognath
375:
371:
365:
361:
357:
351:
347:
343:
337:
333:
329:
321:
320:
315:
310:
309:Adelphomyinae
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
272:
267:
264:
260:
255:
250:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:Octodontoidea
237:
235:Superfamily:
234:
233:
230:
227:
224:
223:
220:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
148:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
5610:
5576:
5566:Plagiodontia
5564:
5540:
5532:
5524:
5512:
5501:
5493:
5492:Dwarf hutia
5485:
5478:(M. auritus)
5477:
5476:Eared hutia
5469:
5459:Mesocapromys
5457:
5446:
5439:(G. brownii)
5438:
5426:
5415:
5403:
5366:C. sulcidens
5365:
5353:
5335:
5316:T. yonenagae
5315:
5306:
5297:
5288:
5279:
5270:
5261:
5253:T. gratiosus
5252:
5243:
5234:
5225:
5213:
5201:
5192:
5180:
5168:
5156:
5121:T. pachyurus
5120:
5111:
5102:
5093:
5084:
5072:
5056:
5047:
5038:
5029:
5020:
5011:
5002:
4993:
4983:
4970:
4960:
4947:
4939:P. oconnelli
4938:
4929:semispinosus
4928:
4915:
4906:
4897:
4887:
4874:
4865:
4855:
4842:
4833:
4824:
4814:
4801:
4792:
4783:
4773:
4760:
4750:
4738:P. decumanus
4737:
4727:
4714:
4704:
4692:
4680:
4668:
4656:
4644:
4632:
4620:
4612:Myocastorini
4595:
4583:
4571:
4559:
4547:
4538:
4529:
4520:
4511:
4502:
4493:
4484:
4475:
4466:
4458:P. dasythrix
4457:
4448:
4439:
4427:
4415:
4406:
4394:
4382:
4374:O. albicauda
4373:
4361:
4349:
4340:
4331:
4322:
4310:
4299:M. rhipidura
4298:
4289:
4280:
4271:
4259:
4247:
4235:
4224:K. amblyonyx
4223:
4211:
4199:
4190:
4182:I. negrensis
4181:
4173:I. bistriata
4172:
4163:
4153:
4141:
4132:
4124:E. chrysurus
4123:
4111:
4099:
4090:
4078:
4066:
4057:
4048:
4036:
4001:Infraorder:
3958:Capromyidae
3949:, including
3946:(Spiny rats)
3943:
3890:Abrocomidae
3873:
3868:(Tuco-tucos)
3866:Ctenomyidae
3842:Cuniculidae
3816:Caviomorpha
3800:(Dassie rat)
3773:Hystricidae
3765:Diatomyidae
3722:(Anomalures)
3505:Sciuromorpha
3493:Superorder:
3487:Infraclass:
3416:
3412:
3402:
3393:
3387:
3344:
3340:
3330:
3321:
3317:
3308:
3300:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3197:
3193:
3186:
3161:
3157:
3147:
3122:
3118:
3117:Sequences".
3114:
3104:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3049:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3022:
3011:. Retrieved
3006:
3002:
2989:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2942:
2938:Wilson, D.E.
2931:
2923:
2895:
2891:Wilson, D.E.
2880:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2818:
2814:
2775:
2751:. Retrieved
2743:
2700:
2696:Wilson, D.E.
2673:
2669:
2663:
2639:
2629:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2485:
2483:
2467:
2465:
2442:
2440:
2406:
2404:
2388:
2386:
2329:
2327:
2311:
2309:
2286:
2284:
2251:
2249:
2233:
2231:
2181:
2179:
2163:
2161:
2130:
2128:
2083:
2081:
2065:
2063:
2022:
2020:
2004:
2002:
1979:
1977:
1957:Myocastorini
1878:
1876:
1862:Mesocapromys
1860:
1858:
1835:
1833:
1809:
1807:
1793:
1781:Plagiodontia
1779:
1777:
1771:
1747:
1745:
1704:
1702:
1686:
1684:
1661:
1659:
1629:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1548:
1538:
1528:
1525:karyological
1523:combined to
1519:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1462:
1454:
1446:
1438:
1421:
1413:
1407:Protacaremys
1405:
1397:
1389:
1381:
1373:
1365:
1357:
1341:
1335:Heteropsomys
1333:
1325:
1317:
1304:
1296:
1288:
1280:
1272:
1258:
1250:
1242:
1234:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1204:Capromyidae
1188:
1183:Capromyidae
1167:
1162:Capromyidae
1148:Mesocapromys
1146:
1141:Capromyidae
1125:
1120:Capromyidae
1106:Plagiodontia
1104:
1099:Eumysopinae
1083:
1078:Eumysopinae
1062:
1057:Eumysopinae
1041:
1036:Eumysopinae
1020:
1015:Eumysopinae
1012:Myocastorini
999:
994:Eumysopinae
991:Myocastorini
978:
973:Eumysopinae
970:Myocastorini
957:
949:Myocastorini
936:
928:Myocastorini
915:
910:Eumysopinae
894:
889:Eumysopinae
873:
852:
831:
810:
789:
768:
747:
726:
705:
684:
663:
642:
611:
607:
588:Myocastorini
532:DNA sequence
530:analyses of
528:phylogenetic
509:
477:
458:
439:
369:
368:
363:
349:
335:
290:
285:Subfamilies
269:
248:
215:Infraorder:
29:
5715:iNaturalist
5635:Wikispecies
5577:(P. aedium)
5428:Geocapromys
5386:Capromyinae
5289:T. myosuros
5262:T. iheringi
5202:E. spinosus
5169:C. laticeps
5048:P. poliopus
4856:guyannensis
4784:P. gardneri
4751:echinothrix
4657:H. gymnurus
4622:Callistomys
4548:P. unicolor
4407:P. occasius
4350:M. stimulax
4341:M. occultus
4332:M. leniceps
4323:M. hispidus
4237:Lonchothrix
4133:E. saturnus
4091:D. caniceps
4067:D. peruanus
4009:Caviomorpha
4007:Parvorder:
3944:Echimyidae
3874:Echimyidae
3858:Dinomyidae
3808:(Cane rats)
3683:Cricetidae
3675:Nesomyidae
3659:Spalacidae
3573:Castoridae
3566:Castoroidea
2604:Callistomys
2165:Lonchothrix
2085:Callistomys
1811:Geocapromys
1762:Capromyidae
1555:Capromyidae
1518:cytochrome
1494:cheek teeth
1440:Hexolobodon
1432:Capromyinae
1399:Pattersomys
1367:Chasichimys
1359:Acarechimys
1352:Eumysopinae
1265:Subfamily â€
1198:Capromyinae
1177:Capromyinae
1156:Capromyinae
1135:Capromyinae
1127:Geocapromys
1114:Capromyinae
985:armored rat
931:Echimyinae
917:Callistomys
875:Lonchothrix
838:olalla rats
817:bamboo rats
805:Echimyinae
784:Echimyinae
763:Echimyinae
742:Echimyinae
721:Echimyinae
700:Echimyinae
679:Echimyinae
658:Echimyinae
580:Eumysopinae
572:Capromyinae
556:Capromyidae
524:homoplastic
506:Systematics
500:herbivorous
480:terrestrial
450:chinchillas
446:guinea pigs
426:Puerto Rico
410:West Indies
394:semiaquatic
386:terrestrial
332:Armored rat
314:Eumysopinae
292:Capromyinae
229:Caviomorpha
225:Parvorder:
18:Eumysopinae
5831:Echimyidae
5825:Categories
5655:Echimyidae
5641:Echimyidae
5611:Echimyidae
5494:(M. nanus)
5395:Capromyini
5355:Carterodon
5307:T. setosus
5298:T. paratus
5280:T. moojeni
5103:T. inermis
5094:T. fosteri
5074:Thrichomys
5012:P. guairae
4984:trinitatus
4971:P. simonsi
4907:P. cuvieri
4875:P. roberti
4843:P. steerei
4825:P. goeldii
4802:P. pattoni
4793:P. kulinae
4705:canicollis
4694:Proechimys
4596:T. grandis
4539:P. thomasi
4530:P. sulinus
4521:P. pattoni
4476:P. lamarum
4396:Pattonomys
4290:M. obscura
4281:M. macrura
4248:L. emiliae
4191:I. pagurus
4142:E. vieirai
4100:D. labilis
4038:Dactylomys
4019:Echimyinae
3995:Suborder:
3860:(Pacarana)
3792:(Blesmols)
3783:Phiomorpha
3728:Pedetidae
3634:Dipodidae
3627:Dipodoidea
3590:Geomyidae
3583:Geomyoidea
3537:Sciuridae
3419:: 241–253.
3324:: 132–136.
3043:: 187–190.
3013:2017-09-26
2753:2013-01-06
2738:Myers, P.
2676:: 337–344.
2612:Carterodon
2608:Carterodon
2469:Dactylomys
2235:Pattonomys
2024:Proechimys
1981:Thrichomys
1947:Echimyinae
1795:Capromyini
1749:Carterodon
1630:Echimyidae
1596:Carterodon
1578:Proechimys
1566:Dactylomys
1553:, and the
1550:Carterodon
1541:Echimyinae
1456:Isolobodon
1430:Subfamily
1350:Subfamily
1306:Xylechimys
1282:Deseadomys
1274:Adelphomys
1221:spiny rats
1201:Capromyini
1180:Capromyini
1159:Capromyini
1138:Capromyini
1085:Carterodon
1009:Echimyinae
1006:spiny rats
1001:Proechimys
988:Echimyinae
967:Echimyinae
959:Thrichomys
946:Echimyinae
925:Echimyinae
904:Echimyinae
883:Echimyinae
862:Echimyinae
841:Echimyinae
820:Echimyinae
812:Dactylomys
799:Echimyinae
778:Echimyinae
757:Echimyinae
736:Echimyinae
715:Echimyinae
707:Pattonomys
694:Echimyinae
673:Echimyinae
652:Echimyinae
612:spiny rats
592:Capromyini
564:Echimyinae
473:regenerate
422:Hispaniola
404:, and the
370:Echimyidae
296:Echimyinae
263:Type genus
249:Echimyidae
205:Suborder:
35:Echimyidae
5514:Mysateles
5244:T. eliasi
5193:E. guiara
5057:P. urichi
5039:P. mincae
4728:decumanus
4681:M. coypus
4670:Myocastor
4633:C. pictus
4503:P. medius
4429:Phyllomys
4363:Olallamys
4028:Echimyini
3971:Kingdom:
3834:Caviidae
3611:Myomorpha
3575:(Beavers)
3531:(Dormice)
3529:Gliridae
3469:Kingdom:
3361:1744-9561
3284:1463-6409
3009:: 371–543
2932:Chaetomys
2837:0737-4038
2600:polyphyly
2584:Fossorial
2487:Olallamys
2331:Phyllomys
2116:Echimyini
2067:Myocastor
1880:Mysateles
1584:Myocastor
1560:Phyllomys
1535:Phylogeny
1529:Chaetomys
1510:phylogeny
1506:Chaetomys
1502:Chaetomys
1498:Chaetomys
1477:Chaetomys
1434:- hutias
1298:Stichomys
1260:Willidewu
1236:Maruchito
1169:Mysateles
938:Myocastor
907:Echimyini
886:Echimyini
865:Echimyini
844:Echimyini
833:Olallamys
823:Echimyini
802:Echimyini
781:Echimyini
760:Echimyini
739:Echimyini
718:Echimyini
697:Echimyini
676:Echimyini
665:Phyllomys
655:Echimyini
584:Echimyini
512:cladistic
488:fossorial
465:predators
414:Caribbean
390:fossorial
277:F. Cuvier
165:Kingdom:
159:Eukaryota
5759:13400406
5620:Wikidata
5405:Capromys
5215:Trinomys
4774:gardneri
4679:Nutria (
4646:Hoplomys
4485:P. lundi
4467:P. kerri
4261:Makalata
4155:Isothrix
4080:Diplomys
3991:Rodentia
3985:Mammalia
3979:Chordata
3977:Phylum:
3973:Animalia
3960:(Hutias)
3953:(Coypus)
3836:(Cavies)
3759:(Gundis)
3691:Muridae
3644:Muroidea
3489:Eutheria
3483:Mammalia
3477:Chordata
3475:Phylum:
3471:Animalia
3459:Rodentia
3379:25115033
3292:83639441
3249:22327013
3214:15683932
3178:12450750
3096:19192302
2983:: 1–385.
2962:62265494
2915:62265494
2845:28025278
2720:62265494
2577:Arboreal
2390:Diplomys
2288:Makalata
2132:Isothrix
2006:Hoplomys
1837:Capromys
1663:Trinomys
1602:Trinomys
1423:Sallamys
1391:Pampamys
1375:Eumysops
1327:Brotomys
1228:Cercomys
1190:Capromys
1022:Trinomys
980:Hoplomys
791:Isothrix
749:Diplomys
686:Makalata
484:arboreal
430:Antilles
382:arboreal
245:Family:
199:Rodentia
189:Mammalia
179:Chordata
175:Phylum:
169:Animalia
155:Domain:
5626:Q852726
5158:Clyomys
4961:simonsi
4815:goeldii
4585:Toromys
4383:O. edax
4312:Mesomys
4113:Echimys
3989:Order:
3983:Class:
3844:(Pacas)
3481:Class:
3370:4126619
3139:8728398
3087:2646700
2930:"Genus
2484:
2466:
2441:
2405:
2387:
2328:
2313:Echimys
2310:
2285:
2253:Toromys
2250:
2232:
2183:Mesomys
2180:
2162:
2151:
2129:
2082:
2064:
2021:
2003:
1978:
1877:
1859:
1834:
1808:
1778:
1746:
1703:
1688:Clyomys
1685:
1660:
1572:Mesomys
1319:Boromys
1064:Clyomys
896:Mesomys
728:Toromys
644:Echimys
496:aridity
469:lizards
428:in the
412:in the
271:Echimys
195:Order:
185:Class:
5808:106537
5805:uBio:
5785:692696
5746:584583
5733:104258
4982:group
4959:group
4927:group
4886:group
4854:group
4813:group
4772:group
4749:group
4726:group
4703:group
3377:
3367:
3359:
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