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Eugene Kaspersky

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527:, Kaspersky "published a mammoth response, tearing down Bloomberg's accusations and accusing them of throwing facts out the window for the sake of a juicy anti-Russian narrative." Competitor FireEye said many U.S. IT companies also have executives that formerly worked for government military and intelligence agencies. NPR reported that Kaspersky has been doing an increasing amount of business with Russian cybersecurity agencies to catch cybercriminals. Kaspersky confirmed that Russian agencies are among its government customers. 65: 565:, his agency is "tracking Kaspersky and their software." In a press release, Eugene Kaspersky denied that his software is currently, or could be, used for such purposes, stating that "As a private company, Kaspersky Lab has no ties to any government, and the company has never helped, nor will help, any government in the world with its cyber-espionage efforts." He also stated that the US does not want to use his company's software for political reasons, and called the allegations "unfounded conspiracy theories." 182: 238:, where he moved at age nine. His father was an engineer and his mother a historical archivist. As a child he developed an early interest in math and technology. He spent his free time reading math books and won second place in a math competition at age 14. When he was fourteen, Kaspersky began attending A.N. Kolmogorov boarding school, which is run by 701:
Kaspersky lives in Moscow, Russia with his wife and five children. He and his first wife were divorced in 1998. On 21 April 2011, his son, Ivan, then 20, was kidnapped for a $ 4.4 million ransom. Kaspersky worked with a friend at the FSB and Russian police to trace the ransomer's phone call. They set
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mocked some of the more extreme accusations of espionage, but said it would be unlikely for a Russian business to grow to the size of Kaspersky Lab without relationships within the Russian government. NPR journalists also said it was unlikely Kaspersky was using its software for espionage, because it
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interview Kaspersky said the Internet should be divided into three zones: a red zone for voting, online banking, and other "critical transactions" that would require an Internet ID; a grey zone that may require only verification of age to access the site, but not identity; and a green zone for blogs,
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said his personality contributed to the company's growth from "relative obscurity to now nipping at the heels of its larger, better-known rivals." At the time, Kaspersky Lab was the fourth largest endpoint security company. It introduced new products for the enterprise market and expanded its channel
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Kaspersky's company grew quickly in the late 1990s. From 1998 to 2000, its annual revenue grew 280 percent and by 2000 almost sixty percent of revenues were international. By 2000, it had a staff of 65 people, starting from 13 in 1997. The antivirus product was renamed to Kaspersky Antivirus in 2000,
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In 1991, Kaspersky was granted an early release from his military service and left the defense ministry to take a job at the Information Technology Center of a private company KAMI, in order to work on his antivirus product full-time. There, he and his colleagues improved the software and released it
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reported that Kaspersky Lab changed course in 2012. According to the publication, "high-level managers have left or been fired, their jobs often filled by people with closer ties to Russia’s military or intelligence services. Some of these people actively aid criminal investigations by the FSB using
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said Kaspersky's critics accuse him of using the company to spy on users for Russian intelligence. Russian telecommunications companies for example are required by federal law in Russia to cooperate with the government's military and spy operations if asked. Kaspersky said his company has never been
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also said Kaspersky was less aggressive about identifying cyberattacks originating from Russia than from other countries, allegations Kaspersky refutes. For example, he allegedly ignored or downplayed a series of denial-of-service attacks in December 2011 that were made to disrupt online discussion
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Kaspersky said anonymity on the Internet could be protected by using a proxy, whereby a responsible international body maintains a record of which online identities correspond to which real-world ones. For example, a person's identity would be revealed in cases of malicious activity. Some security
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in Germany gave Kaspersky's software first place in a competitive analysis of antivirus software. This led to more business for Kaspersky from European and American companies. Kaspersky Lab was founded three years later by Kaspersky, his wife and Kaspersky's friend Alexey De-Monderik. Natalya, who
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In 2011, Kaspersky made a decision against taking the company public, saying it would make decision-making slow and prevent long-term R&D investments. This led to a series of high-level departures from the company, including his ex-wife and co-founder. Another series of departures occurred in
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After the Stuxnet attack, Kaspersky proposed that the Internet needed more regulation and policing. One idea was to have some parts of the Internet anonymous, while more secure areas require user identification. He argued that anonymity mostly benefited cybercriminals and hackers. For example,
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community anti-virus database to trick its rivals' programs into triggering false positives. The result of the false positives was that important uninfected files would be disabled or deleted. The allegations also claimed that Kaspersky himself had ordered some of the actions, specifically
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in 2017 banned Kaspersky's main antivirus product from U.S. federal networks. In 2024 the U.S. Commerce Department announced that "Kaspersky will generally no longer be able to, among other activities, sell its software within the United States or provide updates to software already in use."
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As the head of research, Kaspersky authored papers on viruses and went to conferences to promote the software. He was often quoted in the technology press as an antivirus expert. He helped establish the company's Global Research and Expert Analysis Team (GReAT), which helps corporations and
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Kaspersky is influential among politicians and security experts. He has warned about the possibility of cyberwarfare that targets critical infrastructure. He speaks at conferences advocating for an international cyberwarfare treaty, that would ban government-sponsored cyberattacks.
288:. He studied how the virus worked and developed a program to remove it. Afterwards he continually found new viruses and developed software to remove them, as a hobby. Early on Kaspersky's anti-virus software had just 40 virus definitions and was distributed mostly to friends. 292:
as a product called Antiviral Toolkit Pro in 1992. At first the software was purchased by about ten clients per month. It earned about $ 100 per month, mostly from companies in Ukraine and Russia. Kaspersky's then-future wife Natalya Kaspersky became his coworker at KAMI.
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Kaspersky's prior work for the Russian military and his education at a KGB-sponsored technical college has led to controversy about whether he uses his position to advance Russian government interests and intelligence efforts.
488:, "There's no evidence that they have any back doors in their software or any ties to the Russian mafia or state... but there is still a concern that you can’t operate in Russia without being controlled by the ruling party.” 702:
up a trap for the ransomers, where they rescued his son and arrested many of the kidnappers. The incident had an influence on Kaspersky's sense of personal security. He now travels with a bodyguard and security detail.
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that the NSA was reviewing the US government's use of Kaspersky software for fear it would allow Russian intelligence services to conduct spy operations or launch cyber attacks against American digital infrastructure.
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governments investigate IT security threats. Initially he told his team not to discuss cyber-terrorism publicly, to avoid giving governments ideas on how to sabotage their political opponents. After the American film
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he has "cultivated the image of a wild man with cash to burn." He has an interest in racing and drives his sports cars on race tracks as a hobby. He sponsors various "quirky or scientific projects" such as the
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news, and "everything related to your freedom of speech." He proposes "special proxies" for red zone websites that allow disclosure of the user's identity only in the case of suspected malfeasance.
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Officially, membership for Soviet students was optional, but it was seen as "virtually mandatory" and almost all students were members of one of the youth divisions of the Communist Party.
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cyberattacks two days before Bloomberg accused him of ignoring Russia-based cyberattacks. At the time, the company had published eleven reports on malicious Russian programs. Competitor
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it was these discoveries, Kaspersky's "relentless salesmanship" and the company's anti-virus product that made Kaspersky Lab uncommon as an internationally recognized Russian company.
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in 1989 and he developed a program to remove it. Kaspersky helped grow Kaspersky Lab through security research and salesmanship. He became the CEO in 2007 and remains so as of 2024.
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Kaspersky Lab has defended itself against allegedly frivolous patent claims more aggressively than most IT companies. In 2012, it was the only one of 35 firms named in a suit by
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As of 2015, Kaspersky Lab employed more than 2,800 people. As of 2012, Kaspersky was working on developing software to protect critical infrastructure, like power plants, from
304:(AKA the Chernobyl virus) created a boon for Kaspersky's anti-virus products, which Kaspersky said was the only software at the time that could cleanse the virus. According to 523:
A March 2015 article in Bloomberg said an increasing number of executive staff at Kaspersky Lab previously worked for Russian military and intelligence agencies. According to
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Information Protection and Authentication (IPAC) to take the case to court, rather than pay a fee. The case was ruled in Kaspersky's favor. Also in 2012, another company,
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targeting competitors, including Chinese companies he felt were copying his software. Emails dated 2009, two years after Kaspersky became CEO, were allegedly leaked to
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the company's aversion to settling these claims is most likely because Eugene "just hates" patent trolls. In his blog he called them "parasites" and "IT racketeers."
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experts believe that a centralized database of the real-world identities of Internet users would be "a privacy disaster and a highly attractive target for thieves."
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Kaspersky is known for shunning formal attire, typically dressing in jeans and a shirt. He supports university projects and competitions in the IT security field.
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and computer technology. After graduating college, Kaspersky served the Soviet military intelligence service as a software engineer. He met his first wife
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in 1987 with a degree in mathematical engineering and computer technology. His interest in IT security began when his work computer was infected with the
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Kaspersky Lab developed a reputation for discovering cybersecurity threats. In 2015 Kaspersky and Kaspersky Lab discovered a group of hackers known as
1703: 878: 601:, one of which allegedly had Kaspersky threatening to go after competitors by "rubbing them out in the outhouse," using a phrase popularized by 2697: 2073: 2047: 550: 2891: 103: 2832: 1929: 1833: 1810: 207:, an IT security company with 4,000 employees. He co-founded Kaspersky Lab in 1997 and helped identify instances of government-sponsored 725:. Kaspersky describes himself as an "adrenaline junkie." He has gone hiking on volcanoes in Russia and reserved a trip to space on the 629:
2017" with a net worth of US$ 1.3 billion (as of March 2017). He first made the list in 2015 when his net worth reached US$ 1 billion.
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Many organizations have been considering reducing privacy to improve security as a result of Kaspersky's arguments. In a more recent
310:, "their software was advanced for the time." For example, it was the first software to monitor viruses in an isolated quarantine. 2876: 480:
Kaspersky staffers argue "not unconvincingly" that spying on users would hurt its business and its relationship with the Russian
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Sources conflict and/or are ambiguous as to the exact number of engineers besides Kaspersky and his wife cofounded the company.
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had issued a secret report in February on possible connections between Kaspersky Lab and Russian intelligence, and that the
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would be risky for the company's business, but said Kaspersky showed an unusual disinterest in Russia-based cybercrime.
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said Kaspersky's views were highly aligned with the Russian government's agenda. In 2012, Kaspersky ranked 40th in the
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worm, which is believed to be the first instance of state-sponsored cyberweapon. Afterwards, the company exposed the
729:. He travels often and writes about his experiences in his personal blog. He also enjoys photography as a hobby. 569: 554: 1777: 300:
pushed Eugene to start the company, was the CEO, while Eugene was the head of research. The following year, the
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asked to tamper with its software for espionage and called the accusations "cold war paranoia." According to
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In August 2015, two former Kaspersky employees alleged that the company introduced modified files into the
333:) (2007) was released, Kaspersky said the idea was now public. He hired the researcher that identified the 285: 2599:"Eugene Kaspersky won the 'Outstanding Contribution to Business' award at the 2011 CEO Middle East Awards" 356:, which developed advanced spyware for monitoring computer use and was believed to be affiliated with the 2886: 1748: 1651:"100 Top Global Thinkers of 2012: For decoding the secrets of cyberwar; Computer security expert, Russia" 1650: 718: 626: 558: 211:
as the head of research. He has been an advocate for an international treaty prohibiting cyberwarfare.
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accessing a nuclear power plant network could require a verified identity through a digital passport.
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Kaspersky is one of the richest people in Russia. His net worth is about $ 1 billion. According to
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said it is awkward even in the U.S. to investigate cybercrimes performed by one's own government.
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criticizing Russian politicians. Kaspersky also allegedly ignored a Russian-based spyware called
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after an American company started using the product's original name, which wasn't trademarked.
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he traveled to 20 to 30 countries per year promoting Kaspersky Lab products. In early 2009,
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Kaspersky's interest in IT security began in 1989, when his PC was infected by the
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Countdown to Zero Day: Stuxnet and the Launch of the World's First Digital Weapon
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said it "sounds a little too close for comfort to a Big Brother scenario" and
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Kaspersky became CEO of Kaspersky Lab in 2007. According to a 2008 article in
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Swartz, Jon (24 November 2008). "Russian cybercrime fighter sells security".
281: 270: 219: 204: 200: 199:(Russian: Евгений Валентинович Касперский; born 4 October 1965) is a Russian 143: 1669:"Europe - Would you trust Eugene Kaspersky, Russia's 'Cyber Security King'?" 966:"Meet Eugene Kaspersky: the man on a mission to wage war against - and kill" 64: 581: 411: 389: 242:
and specializes in math. He was also a member of the youth division of the
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The Rights of the People: How Our Search for Safety Invades Our Liberties
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Businessman of the Year, American Chamber of Commerce in Russia — 2011
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Spurgeon, Brad (7 November 2014). "Computing a winning formula".
2160:"Kaspersky Lab: Based In Russia, Doing Cybersecurity In The West" 711: 689: 598: 517: 485: 433: 334: 34: 2819: 1778:"Kaspersky Lab executives depart amid business strategy dispute" 181: 2555:"Kaspersky, most powerful voice in IT security - SYS-CON Media" 920:"A Russian Cybersleuth Battles the 'Dark Ages' of the Internet" 722: 618: 404: 393: 235: 1325:"Russia's Top Cyber Sleuth Foils US Spies, Helps Kremlin Pals" 249:
At the age of 16, Kaspersky entered a five-year program with
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data from some of the 400 million customers". Bloomberg and
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Kaspersky is one of many Russian "oligarchs" named in the
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Alleging connections to Russian intelligence, the U.S.
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2014 due to disagreements over how to run the company.
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that were stealing money from banks. They also exposed
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Top-100 Global Thinker, Foreign Policy Magazine — 2012
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Outstanding Contribution to Business Award, CEO Middle
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Strategic Brand Leadership Award, World Brand Congress
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Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
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was currently investigating the matter. According to
1594:"A tech tycoon who values privacy: Entrepreneurship" 1014:. Contemporary World Issues. ABC-CLIO. p. 163. 16:
Russian specialist in the information security field
2728:"Russian software tycoon Kaspersky's son 'missing'" 1410:Kramer, Andrew E.; Perlroth, Nicole (3 June 2012). 1145: 445:magazine's Top 100 Global Thinkers yearly rating. 1947: 1592: 913: 911: 909: 907: 905: 903: 901: 899: 766:Sources conflict on how much ransom was asked for. 1429: 1427: 1260:(in Maltese). Taylor & Francis. p. 142. 1247: 1121:Global Entrepreneurship: Environment and Strategy 2843: 2153: 2151: 2131:"Kaspersky, Bloomberg Spar Over KGB Allegations" 1545: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1092:Greenemeier, Larry (6 March 2006). "High Five". 530:In May 2017, the allegations resurfaced when US 484:, the KGB's successor, is limited. According to 1742: 1740: 1436:"The Russian defence against global cybercrime" 896: 660:Most Powerful Security Executive, SYS-CON Media 650:Lifetime Achievement Award 2010, Virus Bulletin 261:at Severskoye, a KGB vacation resort, in 1987. 2291: 2289: 2041: 2039: 1771: 1769: 1661: 1424: 1409: 1219: 1158:. Vintage Series. Vintage Books. p. 387. 403:Kaspersky himself is the co-author of several 251:The Technical Faculty of the KGB Higher School 216:The Technical Faculty of the KGB Higher School 2148: 1921: 1536: 1490: 717:racing team or archaeological excavations in 2124: 2122: 2120: 2091: 2065: 1737: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1486: 1484: 1482: 960: 2359: 2286: 2036: 2010: 1766: 1511: 1179: 1091: 958: 956: 954: 952: 950: 948: 946: 944: 942: 940: 917: 2767: 2404: 2402: 2182: 2180: 1986: 1984: 1609: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1087: 1085: 645:CEO of the Year, SC Magazine Europe - 2010 63: 2424: 2206: 2117: 1885:"Patents by Inventor Eugene V. Kaspersky" 1851: 1687: 1648: 1479: 1433: 1322: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1189:American Now Departed: How to Save a Life 805: 803: 2793: 2758: 2157: 1927: 1549: 1007: 937: 876: 801: 799: 797: 795: 793: 791: 789: 787: 785: 783: 230:Kaspersky was born on 4 October 1965 in 2399: 2177: 2097: 2071: 2045: 1981: 1860:"Eugene Kaspersky, patent troll killer" 1831: 1746: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1550:Weissman, Cale Guthrie (16 July 2015). 1491:Sambandaraksa, Don (3 September 2015). 1151: 1117: 1082: 872: 870: 843: 841: 839: 605:. The company denied the allegations. 580:, CAATSA, signed into law by President 2844: 2508:"uploads/pdf/magazine/2010/201011.pdf" 2016: 1953: 1775: 1747:Hoffman, Stefanie (20 February 2009). 1728: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1605:from the original on 11 December 2022. 1590: 1517: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1281: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1054: 1050: 1048: 1046: 1044: 1042: 1040: 1038: 675:Technology Hero of the Year, V3 — 2012 587: 464:Affiliations with Russian intelligence 2773: 2455: 2453: 2365: 1990: 1615: 1253: 1185: 1124:. Taylor & Francis. p. 110. 1003: 1001: 999: 997: 995: 993: 991: 989: 987: 780: 343:International Telecommunication Union 317: 186:State Prize of the Russian Federation 2430: 2212: 2128: 1928:Maverick, Magic (13 December 2012). 1857: 1569: 1461:"The virus warrior: a start-up tale" 867: 836: 2892:Russian technology company founders 1649:Kaspersky, Eugene (December 2012). 1635: 1591:Palmer, Maija (26 September 2012). 1493:"Kaspersky wants digital passports" 1434:Schofield, Jack (31 January 2008). 1390: 1356: 1100: 1035: 1011:Cyber Warfare: A Reference Handbook 244:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 13: 2686:Laureates - Global High-Tech Award 2450: 2186: 2158:Flintoff, Corey (10 August 2015). 1412:"Expert Issues a Cyberwar Warning" 984: 918:MacFarquhar, Neil (10 June 2016). 877:Spurgeon, Brad (6 November 2014). 639:National Friendship Award of China 14: 2903: 2811: 2129:Mlot, Stephanie (23 March 2015). 1832:Ribeiro, John (12 October 2013). 1323:Shachtman, Noah (19 April 2011). 1220:Shishkov, Y.; Conley, A. (2012). 1058:Lonely Ideas: Can Russia Compete? 608: 134:Chairman and CEO of Kaspersky Lab 2704:. 16 August 2015. Archived from 2665:"The Top 100 Executives Of 2012" 2187:IV, Jack Smith (20 March 2015). 2098:Gothard, Peter (20 March 2015). 2072:Matlack, Carol (19 March 2015). 2046:Matlack, Carol (19 March 2015). 2017:Burton, Graeme (20 March 2015). 1991:Sonne, Paul (3 September 2013). 1960:. Crown/Archetype. p. 293. 1518:Swartz, Jon (25 November 2008). 696: 540:US Senate Intelligence committee 458: 264: 234:, Soviet Union. He grew up near 180: 2774:Gross, Michael (2 March 2011). 2752: 2720: 2679: 2657: 2635: 2613: 2591: 2569: 2547: 2525: 2500: 2478: 2431:Menn, Joseph (28 August 2015). 2382: 2333: 2315: 2253: 2232: 1899: 1877: 1858:Dunn, John E (8 October 2013). 1825: 1809:. 7 August 2012. Archived from 1795: 1722: 1453: 1342: 1257:Soviet Politics: In Perspective 760: 751: 742: 616:Kaspersky was ranked #1,567 on 570:Department of Homeland Security 551:Department of Homeland Security 197:Yevgeny Valentinovich Kaspersky 79:Yevgeny Valentinovich Kaspersky 2877:Moscow State University alumni 2366:Baker, Graeme (21 June 2024). 1226:. Yuriy Shishkov. p. 92. 1: 2835:. Slashdot. 13 December 2012. 2488:. www.itweb.co.za. 6 May 2010 2412:. reuters.com. 14 August 2015 1061:. MIT Press. pp. 93–94. 849:"Interview: Eugene Kaspersky" 818:, Salem Press, archived from 773: 225: 23:Eastern Slavic naming customs 2862:Russian computer programmers 2776:"A Declaration of Cyber-War" 2761:International New York Times 2579:(in Russian). hubspeakers.kz 1616:Gibbs, Samuel (1 May 2014). 7: 2213:Love, Dylan (20 May 2015). 1465:Russia Beyond The Headlines 1373:"Profile: Eugene Kaspersky" 719:Akrotiri (prehistoric city) 685:Top-100 IT executives, CRN. 559:Defense Intelligence Agency 10: 2908: 2867:Russian technology writers 1776:Finkle, Jim (2 May 2014). 1749:"He's Got Kasperskonality" 275: 268: 21:In this name that follows 20: 632: 360:in the U.S. According to 214:Kaspersky graduated from 173: 163: 149: 138: 130: 120: 110: 74: 62: 53: 46: 2872:People from Novorossiysk 2267:. Reuters. 11 May 2017. 1704:"The Kaspersky equation" 1192:. Lulu.com. p. 56. 735: 688:Global High-Tech Award, 532:National Security Agency 417: 358:National Security Agency 284:, while working for the 255:mathematical engineering 154: •   54: 2513:. www.virusbulletin.com 1997:The Wall Street Journal 1008:Springer, P.J. (2015). 2557:. www.bizcommunity.com 1152:Shipler, D.K. (2012). 367: 341:at the request of the 203:expert and the CEO of 2623:. www.techpowerup.com 1223:If Guitars Could Talk 853:Infosecurity Magazine 326:Live Free or Die Hard 2882:Russian billionaires 1118:Kshetri, N. (2014). 2645:. foreignpolicy.com 1954:Zetter, K. (2014). 1909:. foreignpolicy.com 1055:Graham, L. (2013). 721:. Kaspersky owns a 588:Anti-virus spoofing 525:News & Observer 286:Ministry of Defence 2887:Russian scientists 2827:Official biography 2803:. 22 October 2018. 2601:. www.albawaba.com 2461:"Eugene Kaspersky" 2395:. 29 January 2018. 2265:The New York Times 1907:"Eugene Kaspersky" 1710:. 21 February 2015 1417:The New York Times 1254:Sakwa, R. (2012). 1186:Harms, J. (2012). 924:The New York Times 883:The New York Times 549:reported that the 504:The New York Times 318:Threat discoveries 297:Hamburg University 56:Евгений Касперский 1967:978-0-7704-3618-6 1499:. Post Publishing 1267:978-1-134-90996-4 1233:978-0-615-58637-3 1199:978-1-300-48885-9 1165:978-1-4000-7928-5 1131:978-1-317-74803-8 1068:978-0-262-31739-9 1021:978-1-61069-444-5 627:Billionaires List 259:Natalya Kaspersky 240:Moscow University 194: 193: 156:Natalya Kaspersky 69:Kaspersky in 2018 2899: 2836: 2823: 2822: 2820:Official website 2805: 2804: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2771: 2765: 2764: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2708:on 11 April 2016 2702:The Sunday Times 2694: 2688: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2639: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2617: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2595: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2535:. www.prlog.org/ 2529: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2512: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2457: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2428: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2406: 2397: 2396: 2394: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2337: 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Index

Eastern Slavic naming customs
patronymic
family name
A headshot of Eugene Kaspersky
Novorossiysk
Krasnodar Krai
Russian SFSR
Russian
IKSI
Kaspersky Lab
Natalya Kaspersky

State Prize of the Russian Federation
cybersecurity
Kaspersky Lab
cyberwarfare
The Technical Faculty of the KGB Higher School
Cascade virus
Novorossiysk
Moscow
Moscow University
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Technical Faculty of the KGB Higher School
mathematical engineering
Natalya Kaspersky
Kaspersky Lab
Cascade virus
Ministry of Defence
Hamburg University
CIH virus

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