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The plant life of the region needs more study, which has been hampered by long-term political strife in the region. Due largely to political instability in the region over the last 30 years, many elements of the fauna and flora remain poorly known. As a suggestion of floral richness, an estimated 825
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associated with the continuing enlargement of the Rift Valley. Volcanoes in the ecoregion are also intermittently active. Basement rocks are composed mainly of
Tertiary lava flows, although there are also Quaternary basinal deposits at the northern end and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits on the
604:
The conservation status of this ecoregion is not good, with few protected areas and lack of enforcement in existing ones. Habitats however have been degraded, mainly by grazing of livestock as well as cutting of trees for firewood and clearing of land for planting.
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and intermittently active volcanoes. Rainfall is very low and yearly averages range from 100 to 200 millimeters (mm), with less rain falling closer to the coast. There are many species of interest, including the endemic
359:
developed over the lava deposits are mainly lithosols, while regosols are predominant on the
Quaternary and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits. There are very few permanent watercourses. The most notable is the
244:. This ecoregion lies mainly between sea level and 800 meters (m) elevation. There are, however, many hills and massifs, which range up to 1300 m as well as outstanding fault-induced depressions, such as the
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of
Djibouti between 165 and 970 meters elevation. Former populations in the wadis of northern Somalia are believed to be extinct, and the only other known populations are scattered in the
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range from 21° to 24 °C, and mean maximum temperature is around 30 °C. Most of the people have to build their houses with clay to keep the hot outside and the cold outside.
114:
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population density is typically less than ten persons per square kilometer (km). In some areas, there is less than one person per km. The dominant ethnic groups are the nomadic
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ecoregion, which also covers the
Ethiopian Highlands above about 1000 meters elevation. There are also fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil Depression and
17:
622:
343:, lying as much as 160 m below sea level. Elevation generally increases westward towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands, which form steep escarpments.
813:
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124:
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This ecoregion extends inland from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, stretching from the
Sudanese-Eritrean border, south through coastal
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336:
109:
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in the Red Sea. While it mainly lies between sea level and 800 m, there are many arid hills and massifs up to 1300 m, including the
572:. Human density, however, does not account for grazing animals. Urban areas in the region include the ports of Massawa in Eritrea,
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792:. US Forest Service Office of International Programs for the US Agency for International Development (USAID), November 2012.
641:(wetlands of international importance) in the ecoregion – Suakin–Gulf of Agig in Sudan and Haramous–Loyada in Djibouti.
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varies from less than 100 mm close to the coast to around 200 mm further inland. Mean minimum
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grows along seasonal watercourses (wadis) and depressions with year-round groundwater. The endangered
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in
Eritrea, and the Djalélo and Assamo terrestrial protected areas in Djibouti. Djibouti's
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8:
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69:
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and Mabla Forest preserves protect small enclaves of montane forest and woodland in the
662:"Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands". DOPA Explorer. Accessed 27 February 2022.
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of
Ethiopia that terminates in a series of lakes near the border with Djibouti.
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Cosiaux, A.; Welch, H.; Gardiner, L.M.; Welch, G.; Couvreur, T.L.P. (2018).
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in
Somalia. Tourism in the region includes diving in the Dahlak islands.
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733:. The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4.68% of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas include
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The region is extremely active tectonically, and it experiences many
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524:. There are a number of dry habitat reptiles including the endemic
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is found in the ecoregion's mountains above 1000 meters elevation.
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or Afar
Depression, a lowland bounded on the south and east by the
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Mangroves occur along the coast, in muddy wadi mouths and inlets.
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grow as shrubs or small trees on basaltic lava fields. The palm
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Djibouti
Biodiversity and Tropical Forests: 118/119 Assessment
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along the Eritrea-Ethiopia border. Juniper woodlands in the
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The predominant vegetation dry shrub steppe and grassland.
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mountains in Djibouti are considered to be outliers of the
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Ib Friis, Sebsebe Demissew, and Paulo van Breugel (2010)
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region of Yemen, across the Gulf of Aden. The endangered
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grow as scattered trees or shrubs on the sandy plains.
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in Ethiopia and smaller ports along the coast such as
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mountains. There are two internationally designated
271:ungulates, including the last viable population of
220:, consisting of a semi-desert strip on or near the
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125:Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands and thickets
768:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T30402A95306943.en
518:. The only purely endemic mammal is a gerbil,
731:Atlas of the Potential Vegetation of Ethiopia
580:in Somalia. Smaller towns include the former
821:"Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands"
713:"Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands"
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542:. Birds include the endemic Archer's lark
495:of Eritrea. Other grazing animals include
462:Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands
337:Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands
110:Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands
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36:Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands
18:Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands
148:238,180 km (91,960 sq mi)
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456:to 950 species have been observed in
434:) grows in three wadi systems in the
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484:Mammals found here include the last
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754:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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319:. The ecoregion includes Eritrea's
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464:. These outliers are part of the
376:is very hot and dry. Mean annual
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491:to be found in the wild, on the
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27:Ecoregion in northeastern Africa
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131:Somali montane xeric woodlands
115:Horn of Africa xeric bushlands
13:
1:
677:Margin, Emma; Burgess, Neil.
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261:), a species of dragon tree (
842:Deserts and xeric shrublands
619:Mille-Serdo Wildlife Reserve
87:deserts and xeric shrublands
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679:"Djibouti Xeric Shrublands"
615:Yangudi Rassa National Park
489:(Equus africanus somalicus)
299:and eastwards into western
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814:Djibouti Xeric Shrublands
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540:(Tropiocolotes somalicus)
277:Equus africanus somalicus
210:Djibouti xeric shrublands
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877:Ecoregions of Somaliland
600:Threats and conservation
530:Arnold's leaf-toed gecko
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283:Location and description
267:), and a large suite of
872:Afrotropical ecoregions
788:Witsen, Deirdre (2012)
568:and a Somali clan, the
120:Sahelian Acacia savanna
105:Eritrean coastal desert
862:Ecoregions of Ethiopia
852:Ecoregions of Djibouti
827:. World Wildlife Fund.
825:Terrestrial Ecoregions
719:. World Wildlife Fund.
717:Terrestrial Ecoregions
623:Nakfa Wildlife Reserve
533:(Hemidactylus arnoldi)
444:Gabal Elba dragon tree
867:Ecoregions of Somalia
857:Ecoregions of Eritrea
761:: e.T30402A95306943.
546:Heteromirafra archeri
505:Soemmerring's Gazelle
259:Heteromirafra archeri
847:Grasslands of Africa
816:at Wikimedia Commons
747:Livistona carinensis
537:Parker's pigmy gecko
432:Livistona carinensis
405:Balanites aegyptiaca
411:Senegalia mellifera
309:Ethiopian Highlands
190:Conservation status
521:Gerbillus acticola
417:Rhigozum somalense
395:Vachellia tortilis
351:northern coast of
321:Dahlak Archipelago
812:Media related to
472:above 1,100 m in
423:Hyphaene thebaica
313:Great Rift Valley
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16:(Redirected from
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303:. It covers the
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683:. Retrieved
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516:(Oryx beisa)
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325:Danakil Alps
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226:Gulf of Aden
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184:Conservation
75:Afrotropical
774:27 February
681:. One Earth
584:capital of
582:Afar Region
563:pastoralist
362:Awash River
348:earthquakes
250:earthquakes
216:defined by
49:Awash River
836:Categories
685:2024-05-27
645:References
627:Day Forest
513:beisa oryx
466:Day Forest
317:Lake Awasa
315:as far as
301:Somaliland
228:coasts in
194:Vulnerable
440:Hadramaut
341:Lac Assal
218:One Earth
214:ecoregion
199:Protected
153:Countries
140:Geography
590:Tadjoura
511:and the
474:Djibouti
458:Djibouti
378:rainfall
297:Djibouti
293:Ethiopia
238:Djibouti
234:Ethiopia
224:and the
170:Ethiopia
160:Djibouti
57:Ethiopia
578:Berbera
509:gerenuk
374:climate
368:Climate
353:Somalia
289:Eritrea
246:Danakil
242:Somalia
230:Eritrea
222:Red Sea
175:Somalia
165:Eritrea
93:Borders
64:Ecology
51:, near
586:Asaita
576:, and
554:People
526:geckos
402:, and
269:desert
212:is an
53:Asaita
635:Mabla
594:Zeila
570:Issas
566:Afars
559:Human
497:beira
480:Fauna
388:Flora
357:Soils
333:Mabla
202:4.68%
82:Biome
70:Realm
776:2022
759:2018
633:and
631:Goda
617:and
535:and
468:and
414:and
372:The
331:and
329:Goda
295:and
240:and
208:The
145:Area
99:List
763:doi
291:to
279:).
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