3448:
3436:
640:, aimed to the adoption of a flexible exchange rate system. Concurrently, Ethiopia secured over $ 15 billion in financial support from the World Bank, including direct grants, debt extensions, and investment commitments. The Ethiopian Birr experienced a substantial decline, falling 63% against the US dollar within a week of floating. The government's introduction of a floating exchange rate led to a volatile period, with the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia and private banks rapidly adjusting their foreign exchange rates. The exchange rate as indicated by the
669:
872:, was reported as a preventative measure against hoarding, counterfeiting and other corruption affecting the economy. He also noted that the country spent 3.7 billion birrs ($ 101.2 million) to print the new banknotes. Companies and individuals can only cash up to 1.5 million birrs ($ 41,000). The cash withdrawal from banks should also not exceed 100,000 birrs ($ 2,737). The old 5-birr notes, while they will remain legal tender, will be replaced with a coin.
47:
3412:
175:
3424:
1816:
330:
396:
845:
865:
113 billion birrs ($ 3.6 billion) remain hidden from the banks. The federal government also believes this money is being used as a catalyst to the current instability in
Ethiopia. In just a month, Ethiopian banks took in 14 billion birrs (around $ 500 million) into their system, which is expected to increase towards the end of 2020. The measure, announced by
568:
of 1941, British forces brought with them Indian, Egyptian, British, and
British East African currency, and all were received in official payments. Italian coins and notes of up to 50 lire were allowed to continue in circulation to serve as small change; higher denominations were withdrawn at a rate
543:
was introduced on 15 July 1936 and
Ethiopian banknotes were withdrawn from circulation at 3 lire per talari (birr). In an effort to increase the use of Italian paper money, the exchange rate for silver coins (Maria Theresa thalers) was raised to 4.50 lire, then to 5.00, and eventually, in stages, to
864:
On 14 September 2020, Ethiopia announced the introduction of new banknotes of 10, 50, 100, and 200 birrs, with the latter being issued as a high denomination note to tackle inflation. Older issues of 10, 50, and 100 birr notes were demonetized in
December. The federal government reported that over
852:
On 23 July 1945, notes were introduced by the Bank of
Ethiopia in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 birrs. The National Bank of Ethiopia was established by imperial proclamation 207 of 27 July 1963, and began operation on 1 January 1964. The National Bank of Ethiopia took over note
831:
The Bank of
Abyssinia introduced banknotes for 5, 10, 100 and 500 talaris in 1915, and 280,000 talaris worth of notes were printed. The text on the notes was in Amharic and French. A 50-talari note was added in 1929, by which time over 1.5 million talaris in notes were circulating.
555:
circulated after 15 July 1936. Special notes with a red overprint were authorized for
Italian East Africa on 12 September 1938, and a large quantity was printed. It is not clear, however, when, where, and to what extent these special notes actually circulated.
835:
The Bank of
Ethiopia issued notes in 1932 in denominations of 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 talaris. A 2-talari note dated 1 June 1933 was issued in honour of the Imperial couple. By the end of 1934, some 3.3 million talaris in notes were circulating.
763:), coins were reintroduced, with copper 1, 5, 10 and 25 santim and silver 50 santim coins. A second series was issued in 1977 (EE1969). It consisted of aluminium 1 santim, brass 5 and 10 santim, cupro-nickel 25 and 50 santim, and
493:; the bank was officially inaugurated by Menelik on 15 February 1906. The Ethiopian coinage gained acceptance only gradually, and the Bank of Abyssinia imported Maria Theresa thalers. By the time
482:
as the talari, but there was now a quarter-birr and a silver ghersh, the latter 1/16 the weight of the birr. The money of account then became 1 birr, equivalent to 16 ghersh or 32 bessa.
632:(NBE) spearheaded this initiative, receiving $ 13.5 billion from international partners to support the transition. This funding, primarily from multilateral lenders like the
497:
broke out, the bank was still importing about 1,200,000 of these coins annually. The Bank of
Abyssinia put banknotes into circulation in 1915. These notes were denominated
799:
Besides having almost all text in
Amharic, there are two features that help to immediately identify an Ethiopian birr. Coins dated before 1977 (EE1969) feature
505:
in English. They were used by merchants and foreigners but were not initially accepted generally. However, note circulation increased considerably after 1925.
247:
628:
In 2024, Ethiopia undertook reforms, including the liberalization of its foreign exchange market, leading to the floating of the Ethiopian Birr. The
1556:
1552:
2800:
2159:
1805:
3075:
2287:
2186:
623:
803:. This can be seen in the adjacent picture. Coins dated 1977 (EE1969) or later picture the head of a roaring lion, with a flowing mane.
751:
and 1 werk. In 1931, a new series of coins was introduced consisting of copper 1 and 5 metonnyas, and nickel 10, 20 and 50 metonnyas.
2509:
1993:
1945:
512:
bought out the Bank of Abyssinia in 1931 for £235,000 in order to make it a purely Ethiopian institution. It was reorganized as the
2732:
516:. At the same time, the currency was decimalized and token nickel and copper coins were introduced, the birr becoming equal to 100
1389:
2669:
2373:
1426:
3488:
3468:
2169:
2390:
1525:
814:
were generally struck at Addis Ababa. The coins struck at Paris have either the mintmark "A" with the cornucopia and fasces
2129:
2102:
565:
446:
The Ethiopian talari became the standard unit on 9 February 1893, and 200,000 were produced at the Paris Mint in 1894 for
3100:
3305:
2793:
2758:
2006:
1950:
2203:
1798:
377:
359:
2423:
2174:
587:
became the money of account on 1 July 1942; it eventually became the sole legal tender and remained so until 1945.
17:
2139:
1582:
3478:
2380:
2254:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
351:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
2529:
2385:
2361:
2181:
1940:
1904:
355:
3473:
2786:
2639:
2620:
2494:
2400:
2339:
2249:
2234:
1986:
1930:
1853:
1848:
1747:
became part of a federation with Ethiopia in 1952. Eritrea became a fully integrated part of Ethiopia in 1960
1487:
PANKHURST, RICHARD, et al. "The Trade of Central Ethiopia in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries".
3483:
2558:
2443:
2438:
2052:
1791:
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2649:
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of 24 lire per shilling. Maria Theresa thalers were allowed to circulate with a value of 1 shilling and
3402:
2575:
2368:
2304:
2259:
2239:
2164:
2112:
866:
2908:
2590:
2519:
2481:
2344:
2294:
2244:
2107:
1894:
1560:
629:
199:
2924:
2627:
2580:
2570:
2539:
2274:
2198:
2057:
1979:
1960:
340:
2632:
2514:
2504:
2476:
2428:
2405:
2119:
2094:
1955:
1935:
1843:
1459:
344:
113:
1307:
478:
A new Ethiopian coinage appeared about 1903. The new silver birr maintained the same weight and
3315:
2610:
2351:
2079:
800:
490:
2841:
791:
The dates, like the rest of the legend, appear in Amharic, the official language of Ethiopia.
652:
There have been various proposals for a birr symbol, mostly based on the Geʽez fidel ብ (
439:). The Maria Theresa thaler was officially adopted as the standard coin in 1855, although the
2942:
2644:
2585:
2544:
2395:
2356:
2299:
2213:
1914:
1687:
584:
527:
By the mid-1930s circulation consisted chiefly of Maria Theresa thalers and Menelik talaris.
31:
1348:
3310:
3172:
3037:
2722:
2707:
2659:
2524:
2415:
2327:
2264:
2134:
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1610:
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8:
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2226:
2149:
2124:
2047:
2014:
1909:
1884:
1858:
1819:
1662:
1440:
536:
291:(as it had already been known internally for at least 1,600 years) instead of the exonym
281:
535:
Not long after the Italian occupation and the attempted transformation of Ethiopia into
3440:
3187:
3181:
3147:
3042:
2605:
2499:
2037:
1889:
1868:
760:
231:
78:
1475:
Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa
3015:
2951:
2767:
2727:
2717:
2712:
2697:
2674:
2309:
2064:
644:(CBE) is plummeted from 57 birr per US dollar a week ago to the 106 birr per dollar.
489:
was established in 1905 by Emperor Menelik and the European banking group behind the
3047:
2995:
2600:
2084:
2074:
2042:
2032:
764:
486:
301:
262:
3416:
3295:
3221:
3152:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3020:
3010:
2969:
2903:
2860:
2089:
95:
602:
The birr was reintroduced in 1945 at a rate of 1 birr per 2 shillings. The name
316:
186 billion birr ($ 14.7 billion or €9.97 billion) were in circulation in 2008.
3300:
3280:
3254:
3226:
3157:
3068:
3000:
2990:
2898:
2882:
2877:
2866:
2829:
2824:
2701:
2448:
1761:
1315:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
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1283:
1280:
1274:
509:
463:
284:
3462:
3452:
3340:
3290:
3285:
3063:
2974:
2692:
2069:
552:
548:
3428:
3331:
3127:
2850:
1783:
1648:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
668:
540:
440:
193:
450:. The talari, equivalent to the Maria Theresa thaler, was divided into 20
3349:
853:
production in 1966 and issued all denominations except for the 500 birr.
807:
494:
313:, although neither the country nor the currency changed beyond the name.
46:
2778:
2654:
2191:
2154:
1586:
1460:"Ethiopia : Impacts of the Birr devaluation on inflation : 1"
869:
815:
681:
Between 1894 and 1897 copper coins were introduced in denominations of
637:
606:
was used in the English text on the banknotes. It was divided into 100
524:). The text on the banknotes appeared in Amharic, French, and English.
447:
3118:
417:) served as currency in Ethiopia. The thaler was known locally as the
811:
801:
the Conquering Lion of Judah (a crowned rampant lion holding a cross)
1971:
844:
544:
13.50. Still, many people kept their Ethiopian coins and banknotes.
329:
3271:
3194:
3164:
3084:
2915:
2809:
2002:
1815:
1732:
479:
270:
180:
59:
614:). Birr became the official name, used in all languages, in 1976.
422:
3376:
3267:
3212:
3203:
3109:
1744:
997:
806:
Coins were struck at several mints, including Paris, Berlin, and
426:
287:
formally requested that the international community use the name
141:
2027:
395:
1356:
1040:
607:
274:
1506:
3367:
3322:
3258:
2960:
1658:
467:
3385:
3358:
3247:
3093:
2933:
2834:
2144:
1015:
1011:
818:, or the cornucopia and torch privy marks without the "A".
1495:, www.jstor.org/stable/41965712. Accessed 20 October 2020.
633:
443:
and the Mexican dollar were also used in foreign trade.
305:. Thus, the pre-1931 currency may be referred to as the
212:
3400:
1583:"FXConverter - Currency Converter for 164 Currencies"
856:
Banknotes have been issued in the following series:
1526:"Ethiopia demonetized old banknote with new prints"
660:with two horizontal slashes on the left hand side.
559:
672:Reverse of a 50 metonnyas coin from 1931 (EE1923)
3460:
794:
1063:Banknotes of the Ethiopian birr (2020 version)
975:Banknotes of the Ethiopian birr (2006 version)
2794:
1987:
1799:
434:
412:
3076:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
1813:
1717:English translation was "dollar" before 1976
597:
624:2024 Ethiopian foreign exchange rate policy
358:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2801:
2787:
1994:
1980:
1806:
1792:
1135:
1132:
1129:
767:1 birr coins. The most recent issues are:
530:
1550:
1504:
378:Learn how and when to remove this message
2808:
843:
667:
394:
390:
647:
594:were used for circulation in Ethiopia.
14:
3461:
1611:A gallery of the banknotes of Ethiopia
1511:. San Francisco, CA: BanknoteNews.com.
656:). One suggested symbol comprises the
2782:
2001:
1975:
1787:
1757:
1750:
1729:
1720:
1706:
1683:
1644:
1637:
1621:
1472:
859:
701:birr, together with silver 1 ghersh,
617:
269:) is the primary unit of currency in
1575:
1520:
1518:
1505:Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Ethiopia".
777:25 santim 2016 (EE2008; also called
356:adding citations to reliable sources
323:
51:Reverse of a 1 Ethiopian birr note,
3101:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1125:Ethiopian birr per US$ , 2005–2009
902:1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 birr
24:
1491:, vol. 2, no. 2, 1964, pp. 41–91.
25:
3500:
1604:
1515:
1107:Sof Omar caves; City gate, Harar
53:depicting the Tisisat waterfalls.
3446:
3434:
3422:
3410:
1814:
1731:Currency of Eritrea (as part of
839:
560:East African shilling, 1941–1945
403:In the 18th and 19th centuries,
328:
173:
45:
1104:Enqulal Gemb fortress (Gondar)
894:1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 birr
826:
309:and the post-1931 currency the
159:1, 5, 10, 25, 50 santim; 1 birr
1941:Growth and Transformation Plan
1544:
1498:
1481:
1466:
1452:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1138:
754:
13:
1:
3489:Currencies introduced in 1894
3469:Currencies with ISO 4217 code
1446:
795:Identification and appearance
676:
1551:Nachthund (7 January 2007).
1489:Journal of Ethiopian Studies
821:
273:. It is subdivided into 100
7:
3306:São Tomé and Príncipe dobra
2160:Federal Democratic Republic
1434:
642:Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
592:East African Currency Board
151:1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200 birr
10:
3505:
1268:Current ETB exchange rates
958:1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr
942:1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr
934:1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr
926:1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr
918:1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr
910:1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr
875:
621:
407:and blocks of salt called
319:
29:
3235:
3056:
2983:
2909:Central African CFA franc
2891:
2817:
2745:
2683:
2566:
2557:
2472:
2463:
2414:
2335:
2326:
2273:
2225:
2221:
2212:
2013:
1923:
1877:
1836:
1826:
1696:end of British occupation
1267:
1259:
1062:
974:
966:10, 50, 100 and 200 birr
630:National Bank of Ethiopia
610:(derived from the French
598:Second birr, 1945–present
435:
413:
266:
240:
230:
225:
205:
200:National Bank of Ethiopia
191:
186:
168:
163:
155:
147:
126:
119:
112:
94:
89:
77:
65:
58:
44:
2925:Central African Republic
2182:War in Somalia (2006–09)
663:
583:pence (or 45 lire). The
1679:Ethiopian birr (dollar)
1617:Ethiopian birr (thaler)
1039:Enqulal Gemb fortress (
784:50 santim 2016 (EE2008)
774:10 santim 2004 (EE1996)
759:In 1944 (EE1936 in the
531:Italian lira, 1936–1941
475:(a small copper coin).
421:(literally 'silver' in
3479:Circulating currencies
3316:West African CFA franc
2510:Industrial development
2424:National Defense Force
2165:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
1951:International rankings
1946:Industrial development
1473:Hatke, George (2013).
1082:Camel, coffee harvest
849:
771:5 santim 2006 (EE1998)
673:
491:National Bank of Egypt
400:
103: (Latin Script)
2943:Republic of the Congo
2204:Territorial evolution
2099:Italo-Ethiopian wars
1770:currency independence
1688:East African shilling
847:
731:and 1 birr, and gold
671:
590:Regular notes of the
585:East African shilling
566:East African Campaign
405:Maria Theresa thalers
398:
391:First birr, 1855–1936
32:Birr (disambiguation)
3474:Currencies of Africa
3311:Sierra Leonean leone
3038:South Sudanese pound
2733:World Heritage Sites
2670:Water and sanitation
2095:Menelik's Expansions
1708:Currency of Ethiopia
1703:1 birr = 2 shillings
1639:Currency of Ethiopia
1626:Maria Theresa thaler
1563:on 27 September 2007
1427:ethioblackmarket.com
1390:ethioblackmarket.com
1349:ethioblackmarket.com
1308:ethioblackmarket.com
787:1 birr 2016 (EE2008)
648:Proposed birr symbol
352:improve this section
30:For other uses, see
27:Currency of Ethiopia
3484:Economy of Ethiopia
3243:Cape Verdean escudo
3027:Somaliland shilling
2856:Mauritanian ouguiya
2842:Plazas de soberanía
1820:Economy of Ethiopia
1752:Currency of Eritrea
1680:
1663:Italian East Africa
1618:
1553:"Update – Ethiopia"
1532:. 14 September 2020
1441:Economy of Ethiopia
1126:
537:Italian East Africa
69:ETB (numeric:
41:
3188:South African rand
3182:Saint Helena pound
3148:Mozambican metical
3043:Tanzanian shilling
2530:Telecommunications
2444:Army of the Empire
2125:Italian occupation
2080:Ethiopian–Adal War
2038:Kingdom of Wolaita
1905:Telecommunications
1755:1993 – 1997
1678:
1642:1894 – 1936
1616:
1124:
998:Tisisat waterfalls
860:2020 denominations
850:
761:Ethiopian calendar
674:
618:2024 birr floating
401:
295:, and the issuing
248:The World Factbook
39:
3398:
3397:
3016:Seychellois rupee
2952:Equatorial Guinea
2776:
2775:
2741:
2740:
2640:Human trafficking
2553:
2552:
2459:
2458:
2401:Foreign relations
2391:Political parties
2322:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2175:2018 peace summit
2065:Solomonic dynasty
1969:
1968:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1771:
1748:
1738:1952 – 1993
1718:
1704:
1697:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1665:
1635:
1508:The Banknote Book
1477:. pp. 52–53.
1432:
1431:
1263:
1262:
1122:
1121:
1058:
1057:
970:
969:
551:and banknotes of
487:Bank of Abyssinia
388:
387:
380:
297:Bank of Abyssinia
255:
254:
108:(Ethiopic Script)
16:(Redirected from
3496:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3406:
3389:
3380:
3371:
3362:
3353:
3344:
3335:
3326:
3275:
3262:
3216:
3207:
3198:
3175:
3168:
3122:
3113:
3104:
3088:
3079:
3048:Ugandan shilling
2996:Djiboutian franc
2964:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2845:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2761:
2754:
2564:
2563:
2490:
2470:
2469:
2439:Military history
2333:
2332:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2140:1974 coup d'état
2085:Gondarine period
2075:Kingdom of Kaffa
2043:Ethiopian Empire
2033:Kingdom of Aksum
1996:
1989:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1818:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1785:
1784:
1773:
1766:
1740:
1713:
1699:
1692:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1653:
1630:
1619:
1615:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1585:. Archived from
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1559:. Archived from
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1496:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1265:
1264:
1127:
1123:
1060:
1059:
1054:Man, microscope
972:
971:
880:
879:
810:. Coins without
750:
749:
745:
740:
739:
735:
730:
729:
725:
720:
719:
715:
710:
709:
705:
700:
699:
695:
690:
689:
685:
604:Ethiopian dollar
582:
581:
577:
574:
514:Bank of Ethiopia
438:
437:
416:
415:
383:
376:
372:
369:
363:
332:
324:
302:Bank of Ethiopia
299:also became the
268:
243:
236:15% October 2017
221:
218:
216:
214:
208:
196:
179:
177:
176:
138:
137:
136:
132:
107:
102:
85:
72:
49:
42:
38:
21:
18:Ethiopian dollar
3504:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3447:
3445:
3435:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3411:
3409:
3401:
3399:
3394:
3383:
3374:
3365:
3356:
3347:
3338:
3329:
3320:
3296:Liberian dollar
3265:
3252:
3231:
3222:Swazi lilangeni
3210:
3201:
3192:
3171:
3162:
3153:Namibian dollar
3143:Mauritian rupee
3138:Malawian kwacha
3133:Malagasy ariary
3116:
3107:
3098:
3082:
3073:
3052:
3021:Somali shilling
3011:Kenyan shilling
2979:
2970:Congolese franc
2958:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2913:
2904:Burundian franc
2887:
2861:Moroccan dirham
2839:
2813:
2807:
2777:
2772:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2737:
2679:
2665:Public holidays
2650:Law enforcement
2549:
2488:
2455:
2410:
2314:
2269:
2208:
2170:Border conflict
2090:Zemene Mesafint
2028:Kingdom of Dʿmt
2009:
2000:
1970:
1965:
1919:
1873:
1832:
1822:
1812:
1772:
1765:
1759:
1754:
1739:
1737:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1698:
1691:
1685:
1671:5 lire = 1 birr
1666:
1652:
1646:
1641:
1629:
1623:
1607:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1503:
1499:
1486:
1482:
1471:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1437:
1008:Coffee harvest
878:
862:
842:
829:
824:
797:
757:
747:
743:
742:
737:
733:
732:
727:
723:
722:
717:
713:
712:
707:
703:
702:
697:
693:
692:
687:
683:
682:
679:
666:
650:
626:
620:
600:
579:
575:
572:
570:
562:
533:
520:(often written
501:in Amharic and
393:
384:
373:
367:
364:
349:
333:
322:
307:Abyssinian birr
241:
211:
206:
192:
174:
172:
134:
130:
129:
127:
105:
104:
100:
83:
70:
54:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3502:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3456:
3455:
3443:
3431:
3419:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3381:
3372:
3363:
3354:
3345:
3336:
3327:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3301:Nigerian naira
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3281:Gambian dalasi
3278:
3277:
3276:
3263:
3255:Canary Islands
3245:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3227:Zambian kwacha
3224:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3208:
3199:
3185:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3158:Zimbabwean ZiG
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3114:
3105:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3080:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3006:Ethiopian birr
3003:
3001:Eritrean nakfa
2998:
2993:
2991:Comorian franc
2987:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2906:
2901:
2899:Angolan kwanza
2895:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2883:Tunisian dinar
2880:
2878:Sudanese pound
2875:
2867:Sahrawi peseta
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2832:
2830:Egyptian pound
2827:
2825:Algerian dinar
2821:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2806:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2576:Child marriage
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2369:Prime Minister
2366:
2365:
2364:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2279:
2277:
2275:Administrative
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2199:Historiography
2196:
2195:
2194:
2187:Civil conflict
2184:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2010:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1976:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1837:Primary sector
1834:
1833:
1830:Ethiopian birr
1827:
1824:
1823:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1762:Eritrean nakfa
1756:
1749:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1705:
1674:
1673:
1643:
1636:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1605:External links
1603:
1601:
1600:
1574:
1543:
1514:
1497:
1480:
1465:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1319:
1316:Yahoo! Finance
1311:
1310:
1278:
1275:Google Finance
1270:
1269:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:Basket weaver
1023:
1019:
1018:
1009:
1006:
1002:
1001:
995:
992:
988:
987:
984:
981:
977:
976:
968:
967:
964:
960:
959:
956:
952:
951:
948:
944:
943:
940:
936:
935:
932:
928:
927:
924:
920:
919:
916:
912:
911:
908:
904:
903:
900:
896:
895:
892:
888:
887:
886:Denominations
884:
877:
874:
867:Prime Minister
861:
858:
841:
838:
828:
825:
823:
820:
796:
793:
789:
788:
785:
782:
775:
772:
756:
753:
678:
675:
665:
662:
649:
646:
622:Main article:
619:
616:
599:
596:
561:
558:
553:Banca d'Italia
532:
529:
510:Haile Selassie
392:
389:
386:
385:
336:
334:
327:
321:
318:
311:Ethiopian birr
285:Haile Selassie
253:
252:
244:
238:
237:
234:
228:
227:
223:
222:
209:
207: Website
203:
202:
197:
189:
188:
184:
183:
170:
166:
165:
161:
160:
157:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
139:
124:
123:
121:
117:
116:
110:
109:
98:
92:
91:
87:
86:
81:
75:
74:
67:
63:
62:
56:
55:
50:
40:Ethiopian birr
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3501:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3454:
3444:
3442:
3432:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3341:Guinea-Bissau
3337:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3291:Guinean franc
3289:
3287:
3286:Ghanaian cedi
3284:
3282:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3173:mosi-oa-Tunya
3170:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:Botswana pula
3062:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2975:Rwandan franc
2973:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2591:Ethnic groups
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2520:Manufacturing
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2429:Ground Forces
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2070:Zagwe dynasty
2068:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1895:Manufacturing
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:Other sectors
1876:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1776:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1758:Succeeded by:
1753:
1746:
1743:
1736:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1721:Succeeded by:
1716:
1711:1945 –
1709:
1702:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1645:Succeeded by:
1640:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1589:on 2 May 2009
1588:
1584:
1578:
1562:
1558:
1557:Nachthund.biz
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1212:
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1200:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1142:
1128:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1099:
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1089:
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1078:
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1073:
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1053:
1050:
1047:
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1042:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1003:
999:
996:
993:
990:
989:
985:
982:
979:
978:
973:
965:
962:
961:
957:
954:
953:
950:50, 100 birr
949:
946:
945:
941:
938:
937:
933:
930:
929:
925:
922:
921:
917:
914:
913:
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906:
905:
901:
898:
897:
893:
890:
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882:
881:
873:
871:
868:
857:
854:
846:
837:
833:
819:
817:
813:
809:
804:
802:
792:
786:
783:
780:
776:
773:
770:
769:
768:
766:
762:
752:
670:
661:
659:
655:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
625:
615:
613:
609:
605:
595:
593:
588:
586:
567:
557:
554:
550:
549:Italian coins
545:
542:
538:
528:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
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371:
368:November 2011
361:
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353:
347:
346:
342:
337:This section
335:
331:
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317:
314:
312:
308:
304:
303:
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294:
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286:
283:
278:
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264:
260:
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249:
245:
242: Source
239:
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224:
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210:
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198:
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190:
185:
182:
171:
167:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
143:
140:
125:
122:
118:
115:
114:Denominations
111:
99:
97:
93:
88:
82:
80:
76:
68:
64:
61:
57:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
3384:
3375:
3366:
3357:
3348:
3339:
3332:Burkina Faso
3330:
3321:
3266:
3253:
3211:
3202:
3193:
3180:
3163:
3128:Lesotho loti
3117:
3108:
3099:
3083:
3074:
3032:unrecognized
3031:
3025:
3005:
2959:
2950:
2941:
2932:
2923:
2914:
2872:unrecognized
2871:
2865:
2851:Libyan dinar
2840:
2628:Human rights
2581:Demographics
2571:Architecture
2540:Trade unions
2486:
2340:Constitution
2130:World War II
2058:regnal lists
1961:Trade unions
1924:Other topics
1829:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1751:
1741:
1730:
1723:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1684:Preceded by:
1668:
1654:
1649:Italian lira
1647:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1622:Preceded by:
1591:. Retrieved
1587:the original
1577:
1565:. Retrieved
1561:the original
1546:
1536:14 September
1534:. Retrieved
1529:
1507:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1474:
1468:
1454:
1396:From OANDA:
1085:Two couples
1000:(Blue Nile)
863:
855:
851:
834:
830:
805:
798:
790:
778:
758:
680:
657:
653:
651:
627:
611:
603:
601:
589:
563:
546:
541:Italian lira
534:
526:
521:
517:
513:
507:
502:
498:
484:
477:
472:
466:
459:
455:
451:
445:
441:Indian rupee
430:
418:
408:
402:
374:
365:
350:Please help
338:
315:
310:
306:
300:
296:
292:
288:
279:
258:
256:
246:
194:Central bank
164:Demographics
36:
3441:Numismatics
3350:Ivory Coast
2515:Land reform
2505:Foreign aid
2477:Agriculture
2406:Foreign aid
2255:Earthquakes
2120:World War I
2023:Prehistoric
1956:Land reform
1936:Foreign aid
1844:Agriculture
1657:annexed by
840:Second birr
816:privy marks
808:Addis Ababa
765:bi-metallic
755:Second birr
564:During the
495:World War I
462:, from the
409:amole tchew
251:, 2008 est.
3463:Categories
2810:Currencies
2708:Literature
2611:Healthcare
2489:(currency)
2386:Parliament
2352:Government
2192:Tigray War
2155:Ogaden War
2135:Revolution
1828:Currency:
1567:19 January
1447:References
1136:Highest ↑
1118:Capricorn
994:Young boy
870:Abiy Ahmed
827:First birr
812:mint marks
677:First birr
638:World Bank
448:Menelik II
2812:of Africa
2645:Languages
2586:Education
2545:Transport
2495:Companies
2434:Air Force
2396:Elections
2357:President
2288:Governors
2250:Volcanoes
2235:Mountains
2214:Geography
2150:Civil War
1931:Companies
1915:Transport
1133:Lowest ↓
1112:200 birr
1101:100 birr
1048:100 birr
848:1961 birr
822:Banknotes
518:metonnyas
399:1932 birr
339:does not
293:Abyssinia
280:In 1931,
232:Inflation
226:Valuation
148:Banknotes
3417:Ethiopia
3272:Portugal
3195:Eswatini
3165:Zimbabwe
3085:Zimbabwe
3069:Sterling
2916:Cameroon
2768:Category
2723:Religion
2660:Polygamy
2616:Maternal
2525:Taxation
2416:Military
2328:Politics
2007:articles
2003:Ethiopia
1900:Taxation
1864:Forestry
1733:Ethiopia
1435:See also
1253:12.9891
1247:11.0763
1233:10.7701
1139:Average
1096:Factory
1093:Tractor
1090:50 birr
1079:10 birr
1074:Reverse
1051:Plowing
1036:Plowing
1033:50 birr
1028:Tractor
1022:10 birr
986:Reverse
547:Regular
508:Emperor
480:fineness
471:) or 40
289:Ethiopia
271:Ethiopia
187:Issuance
181:Ethiopia
60:ISO 4217
3403:Portals
3377:Senegal
3268:Madeira
3213:Namibia
3204:Lesotho
3119:Réunion
3110:Mayotte
2892:Central
2752:Outline
2698:Cuisine
2685:Culture
2621:Women's
2596:Famines
2559:Society
2535:Tourism
2465:Economy
2381:Council
2345:history
2300:Woredas
2283:Regions
2227:Geology
2103:1887–89
2048:Emperor
2015:History
1910:Tourism
1885:Banking
1859:Fishing
1768:Reason:
1745:Eritrea
1724:Current
1694:Reason:
1655:Reason:
1250:15 Mar
1244:14 Jul
1236:9.9167
1227:9.6715
1224:17 Apr
1216:9.3921
1213:9.6085
1210:19 Oct
1207:9.0670
1204:12 Feb
1196:8.7510
1193:9.1739
1187:8.3940
1184:12 Jun
1176:8.3100
1173:8.4240
1170:30 Oct
1167:8.0117
1164:25 Apr
1115:Pigeon
1071:Obverse
1005:5 birr
991:1 birr
983:Obverse
883:Series
876:Summary
746:⁄
736:⁄
726:⁄
716:⁄
706:⁄
696:⁄
686:⁄
612:centime
608:santims
578:⁄
522:matonas
464:Ottoman
456:guerche
427:Amharic
360:removed
345:sources
320:History
282:Emperor
275:santims
263:Amharic
169:User(s)
133:⁄
128:
120:Subunit
79:Subunit
3453:Africa
2728:Sports
2655:People
2606:Health
2500:Energy
2310:Kebele
2305:Cities
2240:Rivers
2113:Second
2005:
1890:Energy
1869:Mining
1854:Cotton
1849:Coffee
1777:at par
1775:Ratio:
1701:Ratio:
1669:Ratio:
1634:at par
1632:Ratio:
1357:XE.com
1230:1 Dec
1190:7 Sep
1041:Gondar
779:semuni
539:, the
503:thaler
454:(also
452:ghersh
431:talari
178:
142:santim
96:Symbol
3429:Money
3368:Niger
3323:Benin
3259:Spain
3057:South
2961:Gabon
2818:North
2759:Index
2718:Music
2713:Media
2675:Women
2487:Birr
2482:Banks
2295:Zones
2265:Fauna
2260:Flora
2245:Lakes
2108:First
1742:Note:
1715:Note:
1661:into
1659:Italy
1593:2 May
1493:JSTOR
1355:From
1314:From
1273:From
1241:2009
1221:2008
1201:2007
1181:2006
1161:2005
1156:Rate
1153:Rate
1150:Date
1147:Rate
1144:Date
1130:Year
1068:Value
980:Value
963:2020
955:2006
947:2004
939:2003
931:1997
923:1991
915:1976
907:1966
899:1961
891:1945
664:Coins
473:bessa
468:qirsh
460:gersh
429:) or
423:Geʽez
156:Coins
3386:Togo
3359:Mali
3248:Euro
3236:West
3094:Euro
2984:East
2934:Chad
2835:Euro
2702:wine
2633:LGBT
2601:Flag
2449:Navy
2374:list
2362:list
2145:Derg
2053:list
1595:2009
1569:2007
1538:2020
1016:lynx
1014:and
1012:Kudu
691:and
636:and
499:birr
485:The
425:and
419:birr
343:any
341:cite
259:birr
257:The
217:.gov
215:.nbe
90:Unit
84:0.01
66:Code
2693:Art
1424:USD
1421:JPY
1418:HKD
1415:GBP
1412:EUR
1409:CNY
1406:CHF
1403:CAD
1400:AUD
1387:USD
1384:JPY
1381:HKD
1378:GBP
1375:EUR
1372:CNY
1369:CHF
1366:CAD
1363:AUD
1346:USD
1343:JPY
1340:HKD
1337:GBP
1334:EUR
1331:CNY
1328:CHF
1325:CAD
1322:AUD
1305:USD
1302:JPY
1299:HKD
1296:GBP
1293:EUR
1290:CNY
1287:CHF
1284:CAD
1281:AUD
688:100
634:IMF
458:or
436:ታላሪ
414:አሞሌ
354:by
219:.et
213:www
135:100
71:230
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3270:,
3257:,
1555:.
1530:AA
1528:.
1517:^
1359::
1318::
1277::
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721:,
711:,
698:32
658:bə
654:bə
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277:.
267:ብር
265::
106:ብር
101:Br
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2788:v
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1597:.
1571:.
1540:.
1462:.
781:)
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