6070:
6352:
444:
529:
6251:
6457:) in nature, and translated from Greek. Indeed, the range and scope of the translation enterprise undertaken in the first century of the new Axumite church has few parallels in the early centuries of Christian history. The outcome was an Ethiopic Bible containing 81 Books: 46 of the Old Testament and 35 of the New. A number of these Books are called "deuterocanonical" (or "apocryphal" according to certain Western theologians), such as the
46:
418:
168:
6512:). These works are the theological foundation of the Ethiopic Church. In the later 5th century, the Aksumite Collection—an extensive selection of liturgical, theological, synodical and historical materials—was translated into Geʽez from Greek, providing a fundamental set of instructions and laws for the developing Axumite Church. Included in this collection is a translation of the
4219:, "his"), thereby losing the case/state distinction, but the distinction may be retained in the case of consonant-final singular nouns. Furthermore, suffix pronouns may or may not attract stress to themselves. In the following table, pronouns without a stress mark (an acute) are not stressed, and vowel-initial suffixes have also been given the base
6726:, although probably first written in Arabic and later rewritten in an expanded Geʽez version around 1532, is considered one of the classics of later Geʽez literature. During this period, Ethiopian writers begin to address differences between the Ethiopian and the Roman Catholic Church in such works as the
6542:
After the decline of the
Aksumites, a lengthy gap follows; Some writers consider the period beginning from the 14th century an actual "Golden Age" of Geʽez literature—although by this time Geʽez was no longer a living language; in particular in the major enterprise of translating an extensive library
6302:
of David and was considered an important landmark in a child's education, being celebrated by the parents with a feast to which the teacher, father confessor, relatives and neighbours were invited. A boy who had reached this stage would moreover usually be able to write, and might act as a letter
1359:) have merged with ሰ and ጸ respectively in the phonological system represented by the traditional pronunciation—and indeed in all modern Ethiopian Semitic. ... There is, however, no evidence either in the tradition or in Ethiopian Semitic what value these consonants may have had in Geʽez."
6421:(appearing varyingly in the epigraphic South Arabian script, and unvocalized or vocalized Ethiopic/Geʽez script) have been dated to as early as the 4th century CE. The surviving Geʽez literature properly begins in the same century with the Christianization of the Aksum, during the reign of
2602:("sister"). These are less strongly distinguished than in other Semitic languages, as many nouns not denoting humans can be used in either gender: in translated Christian texts there is even a tendency for nouns to follow the gender of the noun with a corresponding meaning in Greek.
6282:. For example, around 200 texts were written about indigenous Ethiopian saints from the fourteenth through the nineteenth century. Traditional education was the responsibility of priests and monks. "The Church thus constituted the custodian of the nation's culture", says
2349:
There is no evidence within the script of stress rules in the ancient period, but stress patterns exist within the liturgical tradition(s). Accounts of these patterns are, however, contradictory. One early 20th-century account may be broadly summarized as follows:
6318:
comprises some 800 manuscripts dating from the 15th to the 20th centuries, notably including magical and divinatory scrolls, and illuminated manuscripts of the 16th to 17th centuries. It was initiated by a donation of 74 codices by the
6622:") written in Hebrew in the 10th century, which covers the period from the Captivity to the capture of Jerusalem by Titus. Apart from theological works, the earliest contemporary Royal Chronicles of Ethiopia are date to the reign of
6550:
While there is ample evidence that it had been replaced by
Amharic in the south and by Tigrinya and Tigre in the north, Geʽez remained in use as the official written language until the 19th century, its status comparable to that of
5663:
Lambdin notes that in comparison to the construct state, this kind of possession is only possible when the possessor is definite and specific. Lambdin also notes that the construct state is the unmarked form of possession in Geʽez.
2257:
6493:. The Book of Enoch in particular is notable since its complete text has survived in no other language; and, for the other works listed, the Ethiopic version is highly regarded as a witness to the original text.
1334:
Because Geʽez is no longer spoken in daily life by large communities, the early pronunciation of some consonants is not completely certain. Gragg writes that "he consonants corresponding to the graphemes
2973:, singular and plural nouns often take the same final inflectional affixes for case and state, as number morphology is achieved via attaching a suffix to the stem and/or an internal change in the stem.
6290:
Traditional education was largely biblical. It began with the learning of the alphabet, or more properly, syllabary... The student's second grade comprised the memorization of the first chapter of the
6618:
was retranslated into Geʽez from Arabic. Another translation from this period is Zena ʼAyhud, a translation (probably from an Arabic translation) of Joseph ben Gurion's "History of the Jews" ("Sefer
7168:"They read the Bible in Geez" (Leaders and Religion of the Beth Israel); "after each passage, recited in Geez, the translation is read in Kailina" (Festivals). , publication date 1901–1906.
530:
6375:, though an alternative hypothesis posits that the Semitic languages of Eritrea and Ethiopia may best be considered an independent branch of Semitic, with Geʽez and the closely related
6703:("Laws of the Kings"), thought to have been around 1450, and ascribed to one Petros Abda Sayd — that was later to function as the supreme Law for Ethiopia, until it was replaced by a
8919:
1374:
in the traditional pronunciation. Though the use of a different letter shows that it must originally have had some other pronunciation, what that pronunciation was is not certain.
7080:
Qāla {} barakat {} za-Henok {} zakama {} bāraka {} ḫəruyāna {} waṣādəqāna {} ʾəlla {} hallawu {} yəkunu {} baʿəlata {} məndābe {} laʾasassəlo {} kʷəllu {} ʾəkuyān {} warasiʿān {}
2337:"fire"). Apart from this, Geʽez phonology is comparably conservative; the only other Proto-Semitic phonological contrasts lost may be the interdental fricatives and
2549:
Due to the high predictability of stress location in most words, textbooks, dictionaries and grammars generally do not mark it. Minimal pairs do exist, however, such as
5621:
Another common way of indicating possession by a noun phrase combines the pronominal suffix on a noun with the possessor preceded by the preposition /la=/ 'to, for':
3643:
Quadriconsonantal and some triconsonantal nouns follow the following pattern. Triconsonantal nouns that take this pattern must have at least one "long" vowel (namely
6294:
in Geez. The study of writing would probably also begin at this time, and particularly in more modern times some arithmetic might be added. In the third stage the
2976:
There is some morphological interaction between consonant-final nouns and a pronoun suffix (see the table of suffix pronouns below). For example, when followed by
6069:
6633:
7741:, p. 41: "Plural noun. All plural nouns have a suffix -i- added to the stem before the pronominal suffixes. There are no distinct accusative forms."
6402:, serving at least as a witness to a presence of speakers of Semitic languages in the region. There is some evidence of Semitic languages being spoken in
11608:
6084:, a script that was originally developed specifically for this language. In languages that use it, such as Amharic and Tigrinya, the script is called
5711:
There are three special prepositions, /ba=/ 'in, with', /la=/ 'to, for', /ʼəm=/ 'from', which always appear as clitics, as in the following examples:
11613:
6636:
of Aksum is among the most significant works of
Ethiopian literature, combining history, allegory and symbolism in a retelling of the story of the
6520:, and lost in the original Greek) for which the Ethiopic version provides much the best surviving witness. Another important religious document is
6626:(1314–44). With the appearance of the "Victory Songs" of Amda Seyon, this period also marks the beginning of Amharic literature. The 14th century
1368:. Gragg notes that it corresponds in etymology to velar or uvular fricatives in other Semitic languages, but it is pronounced exactly the same as
8956:
8895:
7087:, wherewith he blessed the chosen and righteous who would be alive in the day of tribulation for the removal of all wrongdoers and backsliders."
11588:
8315:
8907:
2528:
As one example of a discrepancy, a different late 19th-century account says the masculine singular imperative is stressed on the ultima (e.g.
6298:
were studied, while certain prayers were also learnt, and writing and arithmetic continued. ... The fourth stage began with the study of the
11628:
8916:
6746:("Faith of the Fathers"). Around the year 1600, a number of works were translated from Arabic into Geʽez for the first time, including the
6098:
The Geʽez script has been adapted to write other languages, usually ones that are also
Semitic. The most widespread use is for Amharic in
9544:
10794:
6307:
However, works of history and chronography, ecclesiastical and civil law, philology, medicine, and letters were also written in Geʽez.
3944:
In the independent pronouns, gender is not distinguished in the 1st person, and case is only distinguished in the 3rd person singular.
8339:
8642:
Das
Verbalsystem des Altäthiopischen: Eine Untersuchung seiner Verwendung und Funktion unter Berücksichtigung des Interferenzproblems
6710:
By the beginning of the 16th century, the
Islamic invasions put an end to the flourishing of Ethiopian literature. A letter of Abba ʼ
10107:
8764:
11583:
10058:
10033:
8929:
8021:
7469:, p. 177: "/ä/ is low central front, higher and more forward than /a/, secondarily perhaps also shorter; approximates IPA ."
10969:
10097:
10076:
6351:
443:
10944:
10092:
8847:
8825:
8749:
8694:
8679:
8649:
8634:
8626:
8608:
8593:
8578:
8533:
8504:
8442:
8295:
8250:
8208:
8174:
8153:
8132:
8111:
8090:
8000:
7438:
7407:
11593:
6320:
2537:, "speak!"), and that, in some patterns, words can be stressed on the third-, fourth- or even fifth-to-last syllable (e.g.
1977:
431:
10959:
10954:
10127:
10122:
8949:
7853:
2204:
2164:
1860:
435:
397:
110:
8404:
8262:
6771:
6271:
563:
311:
82:
4207:
is lost when a plural noun with a consonant-final stem has a pronoun suffix attached (generally replaced by the added
11500:
8573:, Orbis Biblicus Et Orientalis – Subsidia Linguistica (OBO SL) 2, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Verlag 2005.
8485:
8466:
6775:
6267:
559:
307:
129:
8818:
Comparative
Dictionary of Ge'ez (Classical Ethiopic): Geez—English, English—Geez, with an Index of the Semitic Roots
10048:
6311:
588:, Eritrea. The monument dates to the early Aksumite period and bears an example of the ancient Geʽez script.
6245:
2524:
various grammatical words (short prepositions, conjunctions) and short nouns in the construct state are unstressed
89:
11354:
11014:
10053:
10043:
9537:
8282:
6406:
since approximately 2000 BC. Unlike previously assumed, the Geʽez language is now not regarded as an offshoot of
6314:
are found outside of
Ethiopia in France, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The collection in the
2580:
Geʽez distinguishes two genders, masculine and feminine, the latter of which is sometimes marked with the suffix
1939:
1446:
740:
703:
387:
11603:
10787:
10382:
8942:
8446:
2774:
Nouns also have two cases: the nominative, which is not marked, and the accusative, which is marked with final
2039:
67:
935:
Geʽez is transliterated according to the following system (see the phoneme table below for IPA values):
11598:
11539:
10038:
9950:
6704:
6266:
there are many medieval and early modern original texts. Most important works are also the literature of the
6005:
668:
6437:. There exist about a dozen long inscriptions dating to the 4th and 5th centuries, and over 200 short ones.
344:
96:
11618:
11369:
10964:
10949:
10117:
10102:
8878:
6332:
6283:
1958:
719:
6323:
in the 1830s and 1840s, and substantially expanded by 349 codices, looted by the
British from the Emperor
4225:
3644:
2282:
1410:
1382:
1378:
894:
890:
886:
882:
866:
856:
846:
830:
806:
802:
11533:
11054:
10716:
10112:
9826:
9018:
8870:
2308:
2115:
2058:
1841:
654:
252:
247:
11578:
7077:ቃለ ፡ በረከት ፡ ዘሄኖክ ፡ ዘከመ ፡ ባረከ ፡ ኅሩያነ ፡ ወጻድቃነ ፡ እለ ፡ ሀለዉ ፡ ይኩኑ ፡ በዕለተ ፡ ምንዳቤ ፡ ለአሰስሎ ፡ ኵሉ ፡ እኩያን ፡ ወረሲዓን ።
6114:, Agew, and most other languages of Ethiopia. In Eritrea it is used for Tigre, and it is often used for
5916:
Questions with a wh-word ('who', 'what', etc.) show the question word at the beginning of the sentence:
5448:
Relative clauses are introduced by a pronoun which agrees in gender and number with the preceding noun:
11623:
11019:
10929:
9971:
9964:
9530:
8687:
Annotated and
Classified Bibliography of English Literature Pertaining to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church
8499:. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo: Cambridge University Press.
7128:, p. 242: "Ge‘ez disappeared as a spoken language probably some time before the tenth century CE."
6715:
6336:
6135:
2354:
primary stress only falls on the ultima (the last syllable) or the penult (the second-to-last syllable)
2286:
2183:
1615:
1596:
1449:
transcription, followed by its representation in the Geʽez script and scholarly transliteration.
771:
78:
9685:
9109:
2375:("speak!", masculine singular), with the important exception of the 2nd-person feminine plural suffix
10923:
10918:
10780:
10630:
9921:
9899:
9883:
9632:
9612:
9577:
9066:
8892:
8603:. Translated by Hasselbach-Andee, Rebecca. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
7869:
7198:
6779:
6107:
3094:
Internal plurals follow certain patterns. Triconsonantal nouns follow one of the following patterns.
2088:
2017:
1998:
777:
567:
319:
8323:
7567:
922:, which is widely employed in academia, the contrast here represented as a/ā is represented as ä/a.
63:
11232:
11200:
10393:
10016:
9511:
9312:
9302:
9277:
8760:
7084:
6783:
2276:) obstruents. The Proto-Semitic "emphasis" in Geʽez has been generalized to include emphatic
919:
682:
571:
315:
11346:
11247:
11095:
10905:
10435:
10372:
10196:
9582:
9367:
7399:
7203:
6673:
6614:
6324:
1728:
1709:
1657:
1638:
746:
604:
540:
242:
56:
7363:"The Languages of Ethiopia: A New Lexicostatistic Classification and Some Problems of Diffusion"
603:
at 62%. Most linguists believe that Geʽez does not constitute a common ancestor of modern
9758:
9595:
9572:
9567:
9377:
6470:
6395:
6372:
6263:
1822:
1803:
237:
10153:
7393:
2605:
There are two numbers, singular and plural. The plural can be constructed either by suffixing
607:
but became a separate language early on from another hypothetical unattested common language.
11543:
11529:
11076:
11029:
11009:
11002:
10992:
10987:
10979:
10811:
10760:
10332:
10005:
9671:
9657:
8965:
7424:
7211:
7107:
6645:
6291:
2145:
1546:
1527:
227:
20:
9395:
8775:
8742:
Anthologia Aethiopica, Herausgegeben und mit einem Nachwort versehen von Ernst Hammerschmidt
5837:
11490:
11441:
11273:
10687:
10398:
9736:
8347:
7102:
6295:
4201:
Suffix pronouns attach at the end of a noun, preposition or verb. The accusative/construct
1770:
1751:
1480:
2780:. As in other Semitic languages, there are at least two "states", absolute (unmarked) and
2386:
in nouns and adjectives (in citation form), and most adverbs, stress falls on the ultima:
8:
11480:
11034:
11024:
10701:
10339:
10282:
10210:
10171:
10147:
9992:
9807:
9768:
8798:
8723:
8705:
8521:
7568:"Sounds of Gǝʽǝz – How to Study the Phonetics and Phonology of an Ancient Language"
6606:
6513:
6501:
6458:
5546:
to the possessed noun, which is followed by the possessor, as in the following examples:
1905:
1899:
1881:
555:
303:
209:
8917:
Researcher identifies second-oldest Ethiopian manuscript in existence in HMML's archives
103:
11415:
11407:
11321:
11267:
11142:
11104:
11070:
10997:
9450:
9144:
9096:
8542:
Mercer, Samuel Alfred Browne, "Ethiopic grammar: with chrestomathy and glossary" 1920 (
8230:
7908:
7137:
6517:
6430:
6425:. The oldest known example of the Geʽez script, unvocalized and containing religiously
6119:
2273:
2269:
2241:
2237:
1795:
1465:
581:
11307:
10525:
10403:
9071:
8558:. Abessinische Studien. Vol. 1. Berlin & Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter & Co.
8517:("A new grammar and dictionary"), Dire Dawa: Artistik Matämiya Bet 1955/6 (E.C. 1948).
8375:
8025:
377:
19:"Ethiopic language" redirects here. For the various languages spoken in Ethiopia, see
11510:
11496:
11462:
11328:
10673:
10467:
10346:
10219:
9980:
9938:
9812:
9605:
9553:
9357:
9347:
9252:
9237:
9209:
9164:
9081:
8999:
8843:
8821:
8745:
8690:
8675:
8645:
8630:
8622:
8604:
8589:
8574:
8543:
8529:
8500:
8481:
8462:
8438:
8291:
8246:
8204:
8170:
8149:
8128:
8107:
8086:
7900:
7434:
7403:
6594:
6411:
6376:
2078:
1931:
1701:
1588:
1500:
1493:
1485:
1470:
810:
596:
232:
9430:
6111:
393:
11470:
11427:
11422:
11411:
11390:
11379:
11335:
11152:
11117:
11080:
10936:
10913:
10866:
10803:
10753:
10708:
10694:
10504:
10455:
10418:
10323:
10309:
10275:
10245:
10226:
10191:
9957:
9931:
9905:
9865:
9858:
9798:
9781:
9753:
9729:
9621:
9490:
9242:
9232:
9219:
9159:
9149:
9041:
9031:
8802:
8709:
8655:
Zerezghi Haile, Learn Basic Geez Grammar (2015) for Tigrinya readers available at:
8547:
8450:
8278:
8238:
7579:
7159:: "No longer in popular use, Geʽez has always remained the language of the Church".
6699:. Also of monumental importance was the appearance of the Geʽez translation of the
6418:
6407:
6391:
6384:
6360:
1460:
483:
457:
201:
8363:
7225:
6449:, dating to the 5th or 6th century. Almost all transmitted texts from this early "
6340:
11486:
11476:
11466:
11253:
11171:
11132:
10891:
10886:
10871:
10845:
10840:
10835:
10820:
10721:
10625:
10599:
10548:
10413:
10353:
10261:
10254:
10238:
10232:
10159:
9910:
9786:
9776:
9495:
9425:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9184:
9174:
9119:
9056:
9046:
8994:
8923:
8899:
8790:
8715:
8426:
8415:
7230:
7097:
6794:
6696:
6691:("The Book of Nativity"). Numerous homilies were written in this period, notably
6434:
6315:
6073:
5849:
5537:
2970:
2781:
2628:
2447:, marking the construct state or the accusative case (or both), is not stressed:
1520:
1475:
733:
585:
425:
219:
34:
9872:
8886:
7584:
7192:
6064:
286:
27:
11559:
11290:
11280:
11241:
11176:
10881:
10876:
10681:
10635:
10605:
10582:
10576:
10460:
10408:
10289:
10063:
9892:
9460:
9440:
9435:
9420:
9415:
9405:
9400:
9390:
9385:
9352:
9322:
9317:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9272:
9267:
9257:
9247:
9179:
9169:
9154:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9124:
9076:
9061:
8989:
8396:
7250:
6759:
6637:
6602:
6552:
6446:
6380:
6364:
6127:
6123:
6115:
5536:
As in many Semitic languages, possession by a noun phrase is shown through the
2268:
Geʽez consonants have a triple opposition between voiceless, voiced, and
592:
279:
5848:
The normal word order for declarative sentences is VSO. Objects of verbs show
11572:
11521:
11437:
11384:
11374:
11364:
11260:
11190:
11163:
11065:
11060:
10850:
10615:
10610:
10520:
10267:
9792:
9470:
9465:
9455:
9445:
9410:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9327:
9307:
9297:
9262:
9227:
9189:
9104:
9051:
8979:
8270:
7904:
6814:
6798:
6751:
6559:
6490:
6466:
6422:
5998:
2506:
pronouns have rather unpredictable stress, so stress is learned for each form
2312:
2021:
1902:
1774:
1661:
1512:
1426:
635:
9706:
8734:
7325:
dans la prononciation abyssine actuelle (it is worth it to be precise using
6802:
6790:(Falasha Jews), and is used in prayer and in scheduled public celebrations.
6250:
11314:
10541:
9362:
9114:
9086:
8656:
8382:
7998:
6700:
6653:
6641:
6628:
6623:
6598:
6474:
6454:
6131:
1681:
8242:
8001:""Discovery of earliest illustrated manuscript," Martin Bailey, June 2010"
7856:"Church Teachings". Retrieved from the Internet Archive on March 12, 2014.
2485:
cardinal numbers are stressed on the ultima, even in the accusative, e.g.
447:
Ezana stone, written in Ge'ez explaining his conquests and accomplishments
361:
11506:
11300:
11182:
10166:
9851:
8835:
8813:
8430:
8385:(1921). "la pronunciation traditionelle du Guèze (éthiopien classique)".
7245:
6787:
6530:
6500:, a collection of Christological writings beginning with the treatise of
6445:
The oldest surviving Geʽez manuscript is thought to be the second of the
6356:
6328:
6275:
2136:
647:
629:
575:
323:
8934:
8316:"Abba 'Enbaqom, Imam Ahmad Ibn Ibrahim, and the "Conquest of Abyssinia""
7983:
7912:
7888:
7773:
7771:
7362:
2357:
in finite verbs (including the imperative), stress falls on the penult:
11433:
9713:
9664:
8756:
6731:
6680:
6586:
6279:
6254:
Example of Geʽez taken from a 15th-century Ethiopian Coptic prayer book
6138:
consonants, which are variants of the non-labialized velar consonants:
762:
640:
3024:("your", masculine singular) there's a distinction between nominative
11359:
11208:
11157:
11137:
9678:
8771:
8437:, 2nd edition translated from German by James Crichton, London 1907.
7768:
7652:
6525:
6486:
6387:, Argobba, Harari and the Gurage languages form the southern branch.
5335:
Adjectives and determiners agree with the noun in gender and number:
1925:
1582:
1438:
696:
370:
354:
336:
9522:
8806:
8588:, Elementa Linguarum Orientis (ELO) 2, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag 2002.
8461:. Vol. 1. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. pp. 169–186.
7870:"Ethiopic Language in the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia"
45:
11213:
10772:
10316:
9720:
9692:
8767:
in Gallica digital library of the Bibliothèque nationale de France)
8672:
Silence Is Not Golden: A Critical Anthology of Ethiopian Literature
8528:. Harvard Semitic Studies. Vol. 24. Missoula: Scholars Press.
8476:
Gragg, Gene (1997b). "Ge'ez (Ethiopic)". In Hetzron, Robert (ed.).
7744:
7708:
6619:
6482:
6462:
6450:
6426:
6274:, which include Christian liturgy (service books, prayers, hymns),
6099:
1441:
of the Geʽez language. The reconstructed phonetic value of a
544:
523:
405:
194:
179:
6390:
Inscriptions dating to the mid-1st millennium BCE, written in the
6134:-based alphabets. It also uses four series of consonant signs for
11285:
11218:
11147:
11113:
10499:
9835:
9699:
9026:
8984:
8400:
7986:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
7864:
7862:
6711:
6403:
6103:
6081:
1577:
1442:
600:
548:
401:
190:
8269:. Vol. V. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Archived from
6765:
6668:"The Explication of Jesus" contains a prophecy of a king called
6590:, translated as "The Book of the Saints of the Ethiopian Church"
6399:
5672:
Geʽez is a prepositional language, as in the following example:
2987:("my"), in both nominative and accusative the resulting form is
2251:
10727:
9641:
8763:– French translation and edition of the Geʽez text Paris 1893 (
8586:
Altäthiopisch: Grammatik der Geʽez mit Übungstexten und Glossar
8371:
6544:
6497:
6299:
2509:
2316:
2261:
33:"Geez" redirects here. For the Canadian cultural magazine, see
7859:
6648:. Another work that began to take shape in this period is the
1425:). These values are tentative, but based on the reconstructed
489:
466:
11122:
8457:
Gragg, Gene (1997a). "Ge'ez Phonology". In Kaye, Alan (ed.).
8237:. Oosterhour, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications.
6723:
6679:
Literature flourished especially during the reign of Emperor
6259:
5540:. In Geʽez, this is formed by suffixing the construct suffix
2338:
6359:, engraved from AD 330 to 356, is written in ancient Ge'ez,
1362:
A similar problem is found for the consonant transliterated
8735:
The first eight books of the Bible in Geʽez. Online version
8497:
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages
6478:
2307:"king") is reconstructed as descended from a Proto-Semitic
595:
was found to have a 71% lexical similarity to Ge'ez, while
495:
469:
7999:
A conservator at work on the Garima Gospels (2010-07-14).
2289:, descending from Proto-Semitic biphonemes. Geʽez ś
404:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
167:
26:
This article is about the language. For the alphabet, see
8408:
8374:): Imprimerie catholique 1907, 1938 (Nouvelle édition). (
7496:
7433:] (in German) (2nd ed.). C.H. Beck. p. 76.
6722:("Gate of the Faith"), giving his reasons for abandoning
6534:, a work of natural history also very popular in Europe.
5836:
These proclitic prepositions in Geʽez are similar to the
2256:
599:
had a 68% lexical similarity to Geʽez, followed by
486:
463:
7756:
7683:
7681:
7679:
7513:
7511:
6528:. Non-religious works translated in this period include
5993:(which is attested in Axum inscriptions), from earlier *
3651:
Patterns of internal plural for quadriconsonantal nouns
7966:
7964:
7962:
7924:
7922:
7698:
7696:
6672:, which rose to importance in 19th century Ethiopia as
5541:
5232:
5225:
5218:
5204:
5197:
5190:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5143:
5136:
5129:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5016:
5009:
5002:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4919:
4910:
4896:
4862:
4839:
4827:
4815:
4796:
4784:
4772:
4748:
4736:
4724:
4712:
4693:
4681:
4669:
4657:
4633:
4621:
4609:
4597:
4573:
4561:
4549:
4530:
4518:
4506:
4494:
4470:
4459:
4447:
4435:
4423:
4404:
4392:
4380:
4368:
4344:
4333:
4321:
4309:
4297:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4191:
4172:
4160:
4148:
4124:
4105:
4093:
4081:
4052:
4040:
4021:
4009:
3985:
3973:
3929:
3917:
3900:
3888:
3871:
3859:
3842:
3830:
3813:
3801:
3784:
3772:
3755:
3743:
3726:
3714:
3697:
3685:
3633:
3618:
3604:
3589:
3575:
3560:
3541:
3526:
3512:
3497:
3478:
3463:
3449:
3434:
3415:
3400:
3386:
3371:
3357:
3342:
3323:
3308:
3294:
3279:
3260:
3245:
3231:
3216:
3202:
3187:
3173:
3158:
3144:
3129:
881:. In Geʽez there still exist many alternations between
535:, and sometimes referred to in scholarly literature as
8495:
Gragg, Gene (2008). "Ge'ez". In Woodard, Roger (ed.).
8480:. London & New York: Routledge. pp. 242–260.
8445:(2003 reprint). (Published in German: ¹1857, ²1899). (
8337:
8165:
Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley (editors),
8039:
6286:, who describes the traditional education as follows:
6215:
6208:
6201:
6194:
6168:
6161:
6154:
6147:
6130:, used to be written using Geʽez but have switched to
6086:
3081:
3075:
3064:
3058:
3047:
3041:
3030:
3019:
3008:
2993:
2982:
2956:
2941:
2926:
2911:
2891:
2879:
2864:
2852:
2800:
2785:
2775:
2765:
2754:
2743:
2732:
2718:
2707:
2696:
2685:
2674:
2663:
2652:
2641:
2622:
2611:
2597:
2586:
2277:
2214:
2193:
2174:
2155:
2125:
2098:
2068:
2049:
2030:
2008:
1987:
1968:
1949:
1914:
1891:
1870:
1851:
1832:
1813:
1783:
1761:
1738:
1719:
1691:
1670:
1648:
1625:
1606:
1556:
1537:
1414:
1398:
1386:
1369:
1363:
1348:
1336:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
987:
980:
973:
966:
959:
952:
945:
876:
870:
860:
850:
840:
834:
782:
751:
724:
708:
687:
673:
659:
513:
156:
8063:
8022:"The Arts Newspaper June 2010 – Abuna Garima Gospels"
7831:
7819:
7807:
7795:
7783:
7720:
7676:
7664:
7640:
7628:
7547:
7535:
7508:
6797:
used by the Christian churches is referred to as the
3098:
Patterns of internal plural for triconsonantal nouns
498:
472:
8051:
7959:
7934:
7919:
7693:
7523:
833:
has a basic correspondence with Proto-Semitic short
5256:(demonstratives) noun (adjective)-(relative clause)
2252:
Geʽez consonants in relation to Proto-Semitic
492:
460:
70:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
7191:
8689:, Atla Bibliography Series, Scarecrow Pr (1984),
8338:Perruchon, J. D.; Gottheil, Richard (1901–1906).
8309:. Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University Press.
11570:
8910:An Introduction to Ethiopic Christian Literature
8840:Concise Dictionary of Ge'ez (Classical Ethiopic)
8774:of the Chronicle of John of Nikiû – Paris 1883 (
8284:Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity
7874:International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online
7307:ou employer le nom indigène ; celui-ci est
2311:. Like Arabic, Geʽez merged Proto-Semitic
16:Ancient Semitic language of Eritrea and Ethiopia
7852:, pp. 666f; cf. the EOTC's own account at
7330:
7308:
5981:
5529:man which:MASC=kill-3.M.PL-3.M.SG to=son=3.M.SG
5252:Noun phrases have the following overall order:
4867:is a variant mostly found in older manuscripts.
4857:
4834:
4822:
4810:
4791:
4779:
4767:
4743:
4731:
4719:
4707:
4688:
4676:
4664:
4652:
4628:
4616:
4604:
4592:
4568:
4556:
4544:
4525:
4513:
4501:
4489:
4465:
4454:
4442:
4430:
4418:
4399:
4387:
4375:
4363:
4339:
4328:
4316:
4304:
4292:
4220:
4186:
4167:
4155:
4143:
4119:
4100:
4088:
4076:
4047:
4035:
4016:
4004:
3980:
3968:
3924:
3912:
3895:
3883:
3866:
3854:
3837:
3825:
3808:
3796:
3779:
3767:
3750:
3738:
3721:
3709:
3692:
3680:
3628:
3613:
3599:
3584:
3570:
3555:
3536:
3521:
3507:
3492:
3473:
3458:
3444:
3429:
3410:
3395:
3381:
3366:
3352:
3337:
3318:
3303:
3289:
3274:
3255:
3240:
3226:
3211:
3197:
3182:
3168:
3153:
3139:
3124:
3070:
3053:
3036:
3025:
3014:
3002:
2988:
2977:
2951:
2936:
2921:
2906:
2886:
2874:
2859:
2847:
2795:
2760:
2749:
2738:
2727:
2713:
2702:
2691:
2680:
2669:
2658:
2647:
2636:
2617:
2606:
2592:
2581:
2562:
2538:
2529:
2513:
2495:
2486:
2475:
2466:
2457:
2448:
2432:
2423:
2414:
2405:
2396:
2387:
2376:
2367:
2358:
2320:
2290:
2244:, as in the modern Ethiopian Semitic languages.
2209:
2188:
2169:
2150:
2120:
2093:
2063:
2044:
2025:
2003:
1982:
1963:
1944:
1909:
1886:
1865:
1846:
1827:
1808:
1778:
1756:
1733:
1714:
1686:
1665:
1643:
1620:
1601:
1551:
1532:
1420:
1404:
1392:
1354:
1342:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
907:
898:
507:
150:
8186:David H. Shinn, Thomas P. Ofcansky (editors),
7391:
7190:
5633:
2561:("they speak", feminine plural), both written
584:is an ancient pre-Aksumite Obelisk located in
10788:
9538:
8950:
8556:Die traditionelle Aussprache des äthiopischen
8515:Maṣḥafa sawāsəw wagəss wamazgaba ḳālāt ḥaddis
6766:Current usage in Eritrea, Ethiopia and Israel
2553:("he speaks to her", with the pronoun suffix
7142:Comparative grammar of the Semitic languages
6080:Geʽez is written with Ethiopic or the Geʽez
5956:
2627:if it is a male human noun), or by using an
805:in the Amharic liturgical pronunciation, or
8024:. Ethiopianheritagefund.org. Archived from
7335:, that is (in reconstructed pronunciation)
2616:to a word (regardless of gender, but often
543:. The language originates from what is now
11609:Languages attested from the 5th century BC
10795:
10781:
9545:
9531:
8957:
8943:
8795:Lexicon linguæ Æthiopicæ cum indice Latino
8670:Adera, Taddesse, Ali Jimale Ahmed (eds.),
8307:An Economic History of Ethiopia, 1800–1935
8235:A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia
7313:, c’est-à-dire en prononciation restituée
6383:languages forming a northern branch while
166:
8964:
8702:The Ethiopic version of the book of Enoch
8313:
8304:
8069:
7849:
7583:
7303:, p. 217: il vaut mieux préciser en
6659:
6537:
6524:, a translation of the monastic Rules of
6239:
5980:The common way of negation is the prefix
2431:("there"); an exception among adverbs is
1429:consonants that they are descended from.
130:Learn how and when to remove this message
8657:https://uwontario.academia.edu/WedGdmhra
8553:
8414:
8356:
8199:Walter Raunig, Steffen Wenig (editors),
7618:
7598:
7565:
7453:Amsalu Aklilu, Kuraz Publishing Agency,
7422:
6350:
6249:
6068:
5868:
5667:
5513:
5491:
5479:
5471:
5400:
3939:
2668:("wilderness, uninhabited area") plural
2255:
442:
11614:Languages extinct in the 1st millennium
8598:
8520:
8314:Pankhurst, Richard K. P. (2003-11-14).
7825:
7813:
7801:
7789:
7777:
7762:
7750:
7738:
7726:
7714:
7670:
7658:
7646:
7634:
7622:
7606:
7605:, § 3.5, and largely identical to
7602:
7529:
7490:
7478:
7264:
6440:
5942:
5928:
5897:
5872:
5659:'the king's name; the name of the king'
5517:
5495:
5372:
5347:
5269:
2240:of Geʽez were likely realized as
554:Today, Geʽez is used as the main
436:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
398:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
11571:
8834:
8812:
8601:Classical Ethiopic: A Grammar of Gǝˁǝz
8475:
8456:
8422:(2nd ed.). Leipzig: B. Tauchnitz.
8277:
7940:
7837:
7687:
7553:
7541:
7517:
7502:
7466:
7360:
7351:] in today's Abyssinian pronunciation)
7288:
7276:
7125:
6683:. Written by the Emperor himself were
6371:The Geʽez language is classified as a
6008:. It is prefixed to verbs as follows:
4876:These two forms are in free variation.
522:
178:
10776:
9552:
9526:
8938:
8494:
8381:
8260:
8229:
8146:Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia
8083:The Sanctus in the Eucharistic Prayer
8057:
8045:
7970:
7928:
7702:
7300:
7156:
7152:
7150:
6417:Early inscriptions in Geʽez from the
5483:
5429:
5404:
4927:
4890:
4236:
1457:
918:In the transcription employed by the
10802:
7889:"Note on the Languages of Abyssinia"
7426:Lexikon der untergegangenen Sprachen
7212:participating institution membership
6770:Geʽez is the liturgical language of
6398:, have been found in the kingdom of
6321:Church of England Missionary Society
6312:collections of Ethiopian manuscripts
5864:
5509:
5487:
5475:
1432:
438: instead of Ethiopic characters.
68:adding citations to reliable sources
39:
8222:
7392:Connell, Dan; Killion, Tom (2010).
4883:
206:Before 10th century to 14th century
13:
10759:Languages between parentheses are
8526:Introduction to Classical Ethiopic
8420:Grammatik der äthiopischen Sprache
7989:, No. 1/2 (April, 1951), pp. 26–32
7886:
7179:The Linguistics Student's Handbook
7162:
7147:
6742:("Exposition of the Godhead") and
6339:in New York City has at least two
6272:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
6106:and Ethiopia. It is also used for
6095:Geʽez is read from left to right.
6092:, which means script or alphabet.
3089:
2333:letter used for spelling the word
2303:letter used for spelling the word
930:
869:with the Proto-Semitic diphthongs
564:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
312:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
14:
11640:
11629:Languages written in Geʽez script
8858:
8305:Pankhurst, Richard K. P. (1968).
8203:(Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005,
8188:Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia
8127:, vol. 1 (Gorgias Press LLC 2007
8085:(Cambridge University Press 2002
7625:, § 3.5.2 in footnotes 45–46
7329:or the indigenous name, which is
6292:first Epistle General of St. John
6268:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
6058:
2203:
2182:
2163:
2144:
2114:
2087:
2057:
2038:
2016:
1997:
1976:
1957:
1938:
1880:
1859:
1840:
1821:
1802:
1769:
1750:
1727:
1708:
1680:
1656:
1637:
1614:
1595:
1545:
1526:
1437:The following table presents the
776:
770:
745:
739:
718:
702:
681:
667:
653:
560:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
308:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
8744:. Hildesheim: Olms Verlag 1988,
8644:, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2001.
8405:Bibliothèque nationale de France
8167:The Encyclopedia of Christianity
8125:The Rites of Eastern Christendom
7609:, pp. 5, 29, 36, 40, 57, 97
7395:Historical Dictionary of Eritrea
6496:Also to this early period dates
6341:illuminated manuscripts in Geʽez
482:
456:
416:
44:
8883:– (multiple weights and widths)
8875:– (multiple weights and widths)
8783:
8571:Altäthiopische Studiengrammatik
8290:. Edinburgh: University Press.
8217:
8193:
8180:
8159:
8138:
8117:
8104:Handbook for Liturgical Studies
8096:
8075:
8014:
7992:
7976:
7946:
7880:
7843:
7732:
7612:
7592:
7559:
7484:
7472:
7460:
7447:
7416:
7385:
7354:
7294:
7282:
7270:
6695:("True Orthodoxy") ascribed to
6632:or "Glory of the Kings" by the
6396:epigraphic South Arabian script
5838:Hebrew inseparable prepositions
5247:
4870:
4851:
2230:
816:
796:
55:needs additional citations for
11584:Christian liturgical languages
10763:of the language on their left.
8459:Phonologies of Asia and Africa
7954:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha
7893:Bulletin of International News
7258:
7238:
7231:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
7218:
7184:
7171:
7131:
7119:
6122:. Some other languages in the
5526:bəʾsi za=qatal-əww-o la=wald-u
3948:Personal independent pronouns
2295:Sawt (in Amharic, also called
1409:) respectively. It also lists
1:
11589:Verb–subject–object languages
11540:Algerian Jewish Sign Language
8809:at the Beta Maṣāḥəft project)
8663:
8190:(Scarecrow Press 2013), p. 93
7952:Weninger, Stefan, "Geʽez" in
7398:(2nd, illustrated ed.).
7113:
6246:Bible translations into Geʽez
5852:marked with the suffix /-a/:
5532:the man whose son they killed
2570:
925:
8637:(2nd revised edition, 1999).
7431:Lexicon of extinct languages
7072:
7064:
7056:
7048:
7040:
7032:
7024:
7016:
7008:
7000:
6992:
6984:
6976:
6968:
6960:
6952:
6944:
6936:
6928:
6920:
6912:
6904:
6896:
6888:
6880:
6872:
6864:
6856:
6848:
6840:
6832:
6824:
6547:religious works into Ge'ez.
6429:references, is found on the
6333:1868 Expedition to Abyssinia
6216:
6209:
6202:
6195:
6169:
6162:
6155:
6148:
6087:
6037:
6026:
6015:
5968:which-ACC city-ACC build-3PL
5951:
5937:
5923:
5892:
5881:
5859:
5843:
5815:
5804:
5779:
5768:
5743:
5718:
5690:
5679:
5642:
5628:
5600:
5589:
5564:
5553:
5542:
5504:
5466:
5455:
5441:these:M.PL kings glorious:PL
5424:
5413:
5395:
5367:
5356:
5342:
5314:
5303:
5278:
5264:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5205:
5198:
5191:
5172:
5165:
5158:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5106:
5099:
5092:
5078:
5071:
5064:
5045:
5038:
5031:
5017:
5010:
5003:
4979:
4972:
4965:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4920:
4911:
4897:
4863:
4840:
4828:
4816:
4797:
4785:
4773:
4749:
4737:
4725:
4713:
4694:
4682:
4670:
4658:
4634:
4622:
4610:
4598:
4574:
4562:
4550:
4531:
4519:
4507:
4495:
4471:
4460:
4448:
4436:
4424:
4405:
4393:
4381:
4369:
4345:
4334:
4322:
4310:
4298:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4192:
4173:
4161:
4149:
4125:
4106:
4094:
4082:
4053:
4041:
4022:
4010:
3986:
3974:
3930:
3918:
3901:
3889:
3872:
3860:
3843:
3831:
3814:
3802:
3785:
3773:
3756:
3744:
3727:
3715:
3698:
3686:
3634:
3619:
3605:
3590:
3576:
3561:
3542:
3527:
3513:
3498:
3479:
3464:
3450:
3435:
3416:
3401:
3387:
3372:
3358:
3343:
3324:
3309:
3295:
3280:
3261:
3246:
3232:
3217:
3203:
3188:
3174:
3159:
3145:
3130:
3082:
3076:
3065:
3059:
3048:
3042:
3031:
3020:
3009:
2994:
2983:
2957:
2942:
2927:
2912:
2892:
2880:
2865:
2853:
2801:
2786:
2776:
2766:
2755:
2744:
2733:
2719:
2708:
2697:
2686:
2675:
2664:
2653:
2642:
2623:
2612:
2598:
2587:
2278:
2215:
2194:
2175:
2156:
2126:
2099:
2069:
2050:
2031:
2009:
1988:
1969:
1950:
1915:
1892:
1871:
1852:
1833:
1814:
1784:
1762:
1739:
1720:
1692:
1671:
1649:
1626:
1607:
1557:
1538:
1415:
1399:
1387:
1370:
1364:
1349:
1337:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
974:
967:
960:
953:
946:
877:
871:
861:
851:
841:
835:
783:
752:
725:
709:
688:
674:
660:
610:
514:
157:
7:
11594:Extinct languages of Africa
8842:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
8820:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
7585:10.15460/aethiopica.13.1.39
7367:Anthropological Linguistics
7091:
6772:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo
6705:modern Constitution in 1931
5975:
5384:this:FEM queen glorious:FEM
3052:("his") between nominative
2309:voiceless lateral fricative
10:
11645:
10930:Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
8930:Library of Ethiopian Texts
8566:, Karlsruhe: Reuther 1886.
7331:
7309:
7279:, p. 209: gəʽəz
6813:The first sentence of the
6776:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo
6716:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
6687:("The Book of Light") and
6562:from this period include:
6346:
6337:Metropolitan Museum of Art
6243:
6062:
5982:
5971:Which city did they build?
4858:
4835:
4823:
4811:
4792:
4780:
4768:
4744:
4732:
4720:
4708:
4689:
4677:
4665:
4653:
4629:
4617:
4605:
4593:
4569:
4557:
4545:
4526:
4514:
4502:
4490:
4466:
4455:
4443:
4431:
4419:
4400:
4388:
4376:
4364:
4340:
4329:
4317:
4305:
4293:
4221:
4187:
4168:
4156:
4144:
4120:
4101:
4089:
4077:
4048:
4036:
4017:
4005:
3981:
3969:
3925:
3913:
3896:
3884:
3867:
3855:
3838:
3826:
3809:
3797:
3780:
3768:
3751:
3739:
3722:
3710:
3693:
3681:
3629:
3614:
3600:
3585:
3571:
3556:
3537:
3522:
3508:
3493:
3474:
3459:
3445:
3430:
3411:
3396:
3382:
3367:
3353:
3338:
3319:
3304:
3290:
3275:
3256:
3241:
3227:
3212:
3198:
3183:
3169:
3154:
3140:
3125:
3071:
3054:
3037:
3026:
3015:
3004:
2989:
2978:
2952:
2937:
2922:
2907:
2887:
2875:
2860:
2848:
2796:
2761:
2750:
2739:
2728:
2714:
2703:
2692:
2681:
2670:
2659:
2648:
2637:
2618:
2607:
2593:
2582:
2563:
2539:
2530:
2514:
2496:
2487:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2321:
2291:
2210:
2189:
2170:
2151:
2121:
2094:
2064:
2045:
2026:
2004:
1983:
1964:
1945:
1910:
1887:
1866:
1847:
1828:
1809:
1779:
1757:
1734:
1715:
1687:
1666:
1644:
1621:
1602:
1552:
1533:
1421:
1405:
1393:
1355:
1343:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
908:
899:
508:
151:
32:
25:
18:
11553:
11520:
11455:
11400:
11345:
11231:
11199:
11112:
11103:
11094:
11043:
10978:
10904:
10859:
10828:
10819:
10810:
10745:
10672:
10591:
10568:
10561:
10513:
10492:
10483:
10476:
10443:
10434:
10427:
10380:
10371:
10301:
10209:
10184:
10140:
10085:
10026:
10015:
10004:
9919:
9882:
9843:
9834:
9825:
9767:
9746:
9649:
9640:
9631:
9593:
9560:
9504:
9483:
9376:
9218:
9095:
9017:
9008:
8972:
8621:, Munich: LINCOM Europa,
8267:The Catholic Encyclopedia
8148:(C. Hurst & Co. 2000
7984:"The Obelisk of Matara",
7566:Weninger, Stefan (2011).
7455:ጥሩ የአማርኛ ድርሰት እንዴት ያለ ነው!
7423:Haarmann, Harald (2002).
7361:Bender, M.L. (May 1971).
7251:Dictionary.com Unabridged
7199:Oxford English Dictionary
6808:
6190:
6143:
5909:plant-3.M.SG man tree-ACC
5242:
5179:
5118:
5113:
5052:
4991:
4986:
4902:
4893:
4821:
4809:
4778:
4766:
4756:
4706:
4651:
4641:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4555:
4543:
4488:
4478:
4417:
4362:
4352:
4315:
4286:
4281:
4250:
4243:
4238:
4154:
4132:
4087:
4065:
4060:
4029:
3998:
3993:
3962:
3952:
3671:
3549:
3486:
3423:
3331:
3268:
3118:
2971:Classical/Standard Arabic
2814:
2811:
2344:
2285:. Geʽez has phonologized
2142:
2135:
2085:
1955:
1924:
1725:
1678:
1612:
1576:
1543:
1519:
1491:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
737:
615:
568:Ethiopian Catholic Church
384:
368:
352:
334:
329:
320:Ethiopian Catholic Church
299:Official language in
297:
292:
276:
216:
200:
186:
174:
165:
149:
144:
11370:Judeo-Hamedani–Borujerdi
10756:or historical languages.
9512:Ethiopian sign languages
8807:digitized and searchable
8755:The Royal Chronicles of
8726:at the Internet Archive)
8720:Chrestomathia Aethiopica
8674:, Red Sea Press (1995),
8554:Mittwoch, Eugen (1926).
8378:at the Internet Archive)
8169:, vol. 2 (Eerdmans 1999
6738:("Refuge of the Soul"),
6676:chose this throne name.
6453:" period are religious (
2998:(i.e. the accusative is
2712:("(arch)bishop") plural
2690:("elder, chief") plural
2575:
1413:as a possible value for
920:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica
859:with Proto-Semitic long
572:Eritrean Catholic Church
316:Eritrean Catholic Church
11501:Portuguese-based Creole
8731:Octateuchus Aethiopicus
8700:Charles, Robert Henry,
8599:Tropper, Josef (2021).
8403:digital library of the
8344:The Jewish Encyclopedia
8106:(Liturgical Press 1997
7204:Oxford University Press
7069:
7061:
7053:
7045:
7037:
7029:
7021:
7013:
7005:
6997:
6989:
6981:
6973:
6965:
6957:
6949:
6941:
6933:
6925:
6917:
6909:
6901:
6893:
6885:
6877:
6869:
6861:
6853:
6845:
6837:
6829:
6821:
6664:The early 15th century
6615:Apostolic Constitutions
6034:
6023:
6012:
5948:
5934:
5920:
5889:
5878:
5856:
5812:
5801:
5776:
5765:
5740:
5715:
5687:
5676:
5639:
5625:
5597:
5586:
5561:
5550:
5501:
5463:
5452:
5421:
5410:
5392:
5364:
5353:
5339:
5311:
5300:
5275:
5261:
3653:(C=Consonant, V=Vowel)
3100:(C=Consonant, V=Vowel)
1385:as possible values for
605:Ethio-Semitic languages
8865:Fonts for Geʽez script
6660:15th to 16th centuries
6612:Also at this time the
6577:"Acts of the Apostles"
6538:13th to 14th centuries
6471:Paralipomena of Baruch
6410:or any other forms of
6373:South Semitic language
6368:
6305:
6264:Deuterocanonical books
6255:
6240:History and literature
6077:
5965:ʾayy-a hagar-a ḥanaṣ-u
5912:The man planted a tree
5796:down from the mountain
2265:
2264:written in Geʽez
1377:The chart below lists
541:South Semitic language
448:
424:This article contains
386:This article contains
11604:Languages of Ethiopia
11544:village sign language
11530:Israeli Sign Language
9951:Christian Palestinian
9672:Ancient North Arabian
8966:Languages of Ethiopia
8893:Character set support
8629:(1st edition, 1993),
8564:Äthiopische Grammatik
8478:The Semitic Languages
8368:Grammaire éthiopienne
8357:Phonology and grammar
8243:10.4324/9781315762722
8102:Anscar J. Chupungco,
8003:. Theartnewspaper.com
7854:its official website.
7108:Languages of Ethiopia
7083:"Word of blessing of
6646:Menelik I of Ethiopia
6570:"Acts of the Martyrs"
6354:
6288:
6253:
6072:
5668:Prepositional phrases
5617:the name of the angel
4252:With consonant-final
4245:With consonant-final
3940:Pronominal morphology
3786:masākut < masākəwt
3046:, and similarly with
2635:Plural using suffix:
2259:
822:According to Lambdin.
446:
21:Languages of Ethiopia
11599:Languages of Eritrea
11020:Judaeo-Tripolitanian
10049:Koy Sanjaq Christian
9737:Pre-classical Arabic
8569:Prochazka, Stephan,
7177:Laurie Bauer, 2007,
7103:Languages of Eritrea
6441:5th to 7th centuries
6296:Acts of the Apostles
6280:Patristic literature
6048:nəḥna ʾi-nəkl ḥawira
5989:which descends from
5614:name-construct angel
5444:these glorious kings
5438:ʼəllu nagaśt kəburān
208:Remains in use as a
64:improve this article
11619:Semitic linguistics
11380:Judeo-Yazdi–Kermani
9893:Ashurian and Hatran
8880:Noto Serif Ethiopic
8562:Praetorius, Franz,
8513:Kidanä Wäld Kəfle,
8231:Budge, E. A. Wallis
7982:Edward Ullendorff,
7505:, pp. 177–178.
7305:éthiopien classique
7291:, p. 175: gəʿz
7267:, p. 400: Ge‘z
7202:(Online ed.).
7144:. Routledge. p. 23.
6786:Christians and the
6714:(or "Habakkuk") to
6607:Gabra Manfas Qeddus
6514:Apostolic Tradition
6459:Ascension of Isaiah
6258:In addition to the
6191:Labialized variant
6051:we {(we) cannot} go
5906:takal-a bəʾsi ʿəḍ-a
5581:the son of the king
5387:this glorious queen
5331:a/the glorious king
4233:
3949:
3654:
3101:
2806:
2512:particles (such as
2238:emphatic consonants
1454:
622:
556:liturgical language
304:Liturgical language
210:liturgical language
11408:Jewish Koine Greek
11268:Judaeo-Piedmontese
11015:Judaeo-Palestinian
10860:Reading traditions
10514:Harari–East Gurage
9965:Jewish Palestinian
8973:Official languages
8922:2019-03-11 at the
8898:2021-12-01 at the
8872:Noto Sans Ethiopic
8776:electronic version
8765:electronic version
8740:Dillmann, August,
8729:Dillmann, August,
8640:Weninger, Stefan,
8617:Weninger, Stefan,
8397:electronic version
8376:electronic version
8261:Chain, M. (1909).
8257:(republished 1970)
7327:Classical Ethiopic
7234:. Merriam-Webster.
6780:Ethiopian Catholic
6518:Hippolytus of Rome
6369:
6256:
6078:
5578:son-construct king
5381:zāti nəgəśt kəbərt
4231:
3947:
3650:
3097:
2793:
2759:("eyelid") plural
2266:
2262:the book of Psalms
1452:
889:, less so between
865:respectively, and
620:
578:Jewish community.
537:Classical Ethiopic
524:[ˈɡɨʕ(ɨ)z]
449:
180:[ˈɡɨʕ(ɨ)z]
11624:Semitic languages
11566:
11565:
11560:extinct languages
11497:Judaeo-Papiamento
11451:
11450:
11329:Judaeo-Portuguese
11227:
11226:
11090:
11089:
10900:
10899:
10770:
10769:
10741:
10740:
10737:
10736:
10668:
10667:
10664:
10663:
10660:
10659:
10557:
10556:
10367:
10366:
10363:
10362:
10205:
10204:
10180:
10179:
10136:
10135:
10108:Koy Sanjaq Jewish
9900:Jewish Babylonian
9821:
9820:
9554:Semitic languages
9520:
9519:
9484:Foreign languages
9479:
9478:
8849:978-3-447-02873-8
8827:978-3-447-02592-8
8797:, Lipsiae 1865. (
8750:978-3-487-07943-1
8733:. Leipzig 1853. (
8722:. Leipzig 1866. (
8695:978-0-8108-1710-4
8680:978-0-932415-47-9
8650:978-3-447-04484-4
8635:978-3-89586-604-3
8627:978-3-929075-04-5
8610:978-1-57506-841-1
8594:978-3-934628-29-8
8579:978-3-525-26409-6
8535:978-0-89130-263-6
8506:978-0-521-56256-0
8443:978-1-59244-145-7
8387:Journal Asiatique
8297:978-0-7486-0106-6
8279:Stuart, Munro-Hay
8252:978-1-315-76272-2
8209:978-3-447-05175-0
8175:978-90-04-11695-5
8154:978-1-85065-393-6
8133:978-1-59333-391-1
8112:978-0-8146-6161-1
8091:978-0-521-52662-3
8081:Bryan D. Spinks,
8048:, pp. 566f..
7780:, § 4.1.2.1.
7765:, pp. 40–41.
7661:, § 4.1.2.2.
7493:, p. 3: "ā "
7481:, p. 3: "a "
7440:978-3-406-47596-2
7409:978-0-8108-7505-0
7210:(Subscription or
6784:Eritrean Catholic
6756:Universal History
6412:Old South Arabian
6284:Richard Pankhurst
6237:
6236:
6120:Cushitic language
6076:29.11–16 in Geʽez
5240:
5239:
5215:
5187:
5182:
5154:
5126:
5121:
5088:
5060:
5055:
5027:
4999:
4994:
4961:
4933:
4847:
4846:
4807:
4764:
4759:
4704:
4649:
4644:
4589:
4584:
4541:
4486:
4481:
4415:
4360:
4355:
4289:
4284:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4199:
4198:
4183:
4140:
4135:
4116:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4032:
4001:
3996:
3965:
3937:
3936:
3641:
3640:
3407:'servant, slave'
3069:) and accusative
2967:
2966:
2805:("elder, chief")
2737:("house") plural
2726:Internal plural:
2226:
2225:
2081:
1934:
1798:
1704:
1591:
1453:Geʽez consonants
1433:Phonemes of Geʽez
1331:
1330:
1133:
1132:
792:
791:
432:rendering support
412:
411:
394:rendering support
390:phonetic symbols.
140:
139:
132:
114:
11636:
11477:Judaeo-Malayalam
11391:Judeo-Golpaygani
11336:Judaeo-Aragonese
11254:Judaeo-Livornese
11110:
11109:
11101:
11100:
10826:
10825:
10817:
10816:
10804:Jewish languages
10797:
10790:
10783:
10774:
10773:
10566:
10565:
10490:
10489:
10481:
10480:
10441:
10440:
10432:
10431:
10378:
10377:
10246:northern dialect
10024:
10023:
10013:
10012:
9866:Biblical Aramaic
9859:Imperial Aramaic
9841:
9840:
9832:
9831:
9730:Nabataean Arabic
9647:
9646:
9638:
9637:
9613:Canaano-Akkadian
9547:
9540:
9533:
9524:
9523:
9067:Sebat Bet Gurage
9015:
9014:
8959:
8952:
8945:
8936:
8935:
8853:
8831:
8803:Internet Archive
8791:Dillmann, August
8716:Dillmann, August
8710:Internet Archive
8704:. Oxford 1906. (
8614:
8584:Tropper, Josef,
8559:
8548:Internet Archive
8539:
8510:
8491:
8472:
8451:Internet Archive
8435:Ethiopic Grammar
8427:Dillmann, August
8423:
8416:Dillmann, August
8394:
8351:
8346:. Archived from
8334:
8332:
8331:
8322:. Archived from
8310:
8301:
8289:
8274:
8256:
8223:External history
8212:
8197:
8191:
8184:
8178:
8163:
8157:
8142:
8136:
8121:
8115:
8100:
8094:
8079:
8073:
8067:
8061:
8055:
8049:
8043:
8037:
8036:
8034:
8033:
8018:
8012:
8011:
8009:
8008:
7996:
7990:
7980:
7974:
7968:
7957:
7950:
7944:
7938:
7932:
7926:
7917:
7916:
7884:
7878:
7877:
7866:
7857:
7847:
7841:
7835:
7829:
7823:
7817:
7811:
7805:
7799:
7793:
7787:
7781:
7775:
7766:
7760:
7754:
7748:
7742:
7736:
7730:
7724:
7718:
7712:
7706:
7700:
7691:
7685:
7674:
7668:
7662:
7656:
7650:
7644:
7638:
7632:
7626:
7616:
7610:
7596:
7590:
7589:
7587:
7563:
7557:
7551:
7545:
7539:
7533:
7527:
7521:
7515:
7506:
7500:
7494:
7488:
7482:
7476:
7470:
7464:
7458:
7451:
7445:
7444:
7420:
7414:
7413:
7389:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7378:
7358:
7352:
7350:
7348:withaglottalstop
7334:
7333:
7312:
7311:
7298:
7292:
7286:
7280:
7274:
7268:
7262:
7256:
7255:
7242:
7236:
7235:
7222:
7216:
7215:
7207:
7195:
7188:
7182:
7175:
7169:
7166:
7160:
7154:
7145:
7135:
7129:
7123:
6685:Matsʼhafe Berhan
6644:, and their son
6634:Neburaʼed Yeshaq
6522:Serʼata Paknemis
6419:Kingdom of Aksum
6392:Sabaean language
6219:
6212:
6205:
6198:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6141:
6140:
6136:labialized velar
6102:and Tigrinya in
6090:
5985:
5984:
5958:
5944:
5930:
5899:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5793:from=on mountain
5656:name-3SG to=king
5635:
5545:
5519:
5515:
5511:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5431:
5406:
5402:
5374:
5349:
5271:
5236:
5229:
5222:
5213:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5152:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5124:
5119:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5086:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5041:
5034:
5025:
5020:
5013:
5006:
4997:
4992:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4959:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4931:
4923:
4914:
4900:
4888:
4887:
4884:Verb conjugation
4877:
4874:
4868:
4866:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4843:
4838:
4837:
4831:
4826:
4825:
4819:
4814:
4813:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4794:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4776:
4771:
4770:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4746:
4740:
4735:
4734:
4728:
4723:
4722:
4716:
4711:
4710:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4691:
4685:
4680:
4679:
4673:
4668:
4667:
4661:
4656:
4655:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4631:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4613:
4608:
4607:
4601:
4596:
4595:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4571:
4565:
4560:
4559:
4553:
4548:
4547:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4528:
4522:
4517:
4516:
4510:
4505:
4504:
4498:
4493:
4492:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4457:
4451:
4446:
4445:
4439:
4434:
4433:
4427:
4422:
4421:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4396:
4391:
4390:
4384:
4379:
4378:
4372:
4367:
4366:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4331:
4325:
4320:
4319:
4313:
4308:
4307:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4287:
4282:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4251:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4232:Suffix pronouns
4230:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4195:
4190:
4189:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4164:
4159:
4158:
4152:
4147:
4146:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4103:
4097:
4092:
4091:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4050:
4044:
4039:
4038:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4019:
4013:
4008:
4007:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3983:
3977:
3972:
3971:
3963:
3950:
3946:
3933:
3928:
3927:
3921:
3916:
3915:
3904:
3899:
3898:
3892:
3887:
3886:
3875:
3870:
3869:
3863:
3858:
3857:
3846:
3841:
3840:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3805:
3800:
3799:
3788:
3783:
3782:
3776:
3771:
3770:
3759:
3754:
3753:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3718:
3713:
3712:
3701:
3696:
3695:
3689:
3684:
3683:
3655:
3649:
3646:
3637:
3632:
3631:
3622:
3617:
3616:
3608:
3603:
3602:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3579:
3574:
3573:
3564:
3559:
3558:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3530:
3525:
3524:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3501:
3496:
3495:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3467:
3462:
3461:
3453:
3448:
3447:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3419:
3414:
3413:
3404:
3399:
3398:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3327:
3322:
3321:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3249:
3244:
3243:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3191:
3186:
3185:
3177:
3172:
3171:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3102:
3096:
3085:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3006:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2980:
2963:
2955:
2954:
2948:
2940:
2939:
2933:
2925:
2924:
2918:
2910:
2909:
2898:
2890:
2889:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2871:
2863:
2862:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2807:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2779:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2730:
2722:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2646:("year") plural
2645:
2640:
2639:
2626:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2609:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2584:
2566:
2565:
2542:
2541:
2533:
2532:
2517:
2516:
2499:
2498:
2490:
2489:
2479:
2478:
2470:
2469:
2461:
2460:
2452:
2451:
2436:
2435:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2417:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2380:
2379:
2371:
2370:
2366:("she killed"),
2362:
2361:
2324:
2323:
2294:
2293:
2284:
2281:
2245:
2234:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1794:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1587:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1515:
1508:
1503:
1496:
1455:
1451:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
963:
956:
949:
939:
938:
915:("I followed").
911:
910:
902:
901:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
874:
868:
864:
858:
854:
848:
844:
838:
832:
823:
820:
814:
808:
804:
800:
786:
780:
774:
755:
749:
743:
728:
722:
712:
706:
691:
685:
677:
671:
663:
657:
623:
619:
539:) is an ancient
534:
533:
532:
526:
521:
517:
511:
510:
505:
504:
501:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
479:
478:
475:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
420:
419:
380:
364:
357:
348:
347:
339:
282:
222:
182:
170:
160:
154:
153:
142:
141:
135:
128:
124:
121:
115:
113:
72:
48:
40:
11644:
11643:
11639:
11638:
11637:
11635:
11634:
11633:
11569:
11568:
11567:
11562:
11549:
11516:
11487:Judaeo-Georgian
11447:
11396:
11341:
11308:Judeo-Provençal
11223:
11195:
11086:
11039:
11030:Judaeo-Tunisian
11010:Judaeo-Moroccan
11003:Judaeo-Baghdadi
10993:Judaeo-Egyptian
10988:Judaeo-Algerian
10974:
10965:Lishanid Noshan
10896:
10855:
10806:
10801:
10771:
10766:
10733:
10656:
10587:
10553:
10509:
10493:Amharic–Argobba
10485:
10472:
10423:
10384:
10359:
10297:
10201:
10176:
10132:
10081:
10077:Urmia Christian
10018:
10007:
10000:
9915:
9878:
9817:
9777:Egyptian Arabic
9763:
9759:Modern Standard
9742:
9627:
9589:
9556:
9551:
9521:
9516:
9500:
9475:
9372:
9303:Kachama-Ganjule
9278:Gamo-Gofa-Dawro
9214:
9091:
9010:
9004:
8968:
8963:
8924:Wayback Machine
8900:Wayback Machine
8861:
8856:
8850:
8828:
8786:
8781:
8666:
8661:
8611:
8536:
8522:Lambdin, Thomas
8507:
8488:
8469:
8359:
8354:
8329:
8327:
8298:
8287:
8253:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8198:
8194:
8185:
8181:
8164:
8160:
8144:Paul B. Henze,
8143:
8139:
8123:Archdale King,
8122:
8118:
8101:
8097:
8080:
8076:
8068:
8064:
8056:
8052:
8044:
8040:
8031:
8029:
8020:
8019:
8015:
8006:
8004:
7997:
7993:
7981:
7977:
7969:
7960:
7951:
7947:
7939:
7935:
7927:
7920:
7887:M., E. (1935).
7885:
7881:
7868:
7867:
7860:
7848:
7844:
7836:
7832:
7824:
7820:
7812:
7808:
7800:
7796:
7788:
7784:
7776:
7769:
7761:
7757:
7753:, § 4.1.2.
7749:
7745:
7737:
7733:
7725:
7721:
7717:, § 4.1.1.
7713:
7709:
7701:
7694:
7686:
7677:
7669:
7665:
7657:
7653:
7645:
7641:
7633:
7629:
7617:
7613:
7597:
7593:
7564:
7560:
7552:
7548:
7540:
7536:
7528:
7524:
7516:
7509:
7501:
7497:
7489:
7485:
7477:
7473:
7465:
7461:
7452:
7448:
7441:
7421:
7417:
7410:
7402:. p. 508.
7400:Scarecrow Press
7390:
7386:
7376:
7374:
7359:
7355:
7299:
7295:
7287:
7283:
7275:
7271:
7263:
7259:
7244:
7243:
7239:
7224:
7223:
7219:
7209:
7189:
7185:
7176:
7172:
7167:
7163:
7155:
7148:
7138:De Lacy O'Leary
7136:
7132:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7098:Ethiopian chant
7094:
7089:
7075:
7067:
7059:
7051:
7043:
7035:
7027:
7019:
7011:
7003:
6995:
6987:
6979:
6971:
6963:
6955:
6947:
6939:
6931:
6923:
6915:
6907:
6899:
6891:
6883:
6875:
6867:
6859:
6851:
6843:
6835:
6827:
6811:
6795:liturgical rite
6768:
6740:Fekkare Malakot
6697:John Chrysostom
6693:Retuʼa Haimanot
6662:
6593:Other Lives of
6568:Gadle Samaʼetat
6540:
6516:(attributed to
6506:Hamanot Reteʼet
6443:
6435:Matara, Eritrea
6349:
6316:British Library
6248:
6242:
6067:
6061:
6056:
6043:
6032:
6021:
5978:
5973:
5960:
5946:
5932:
5914:
5901:
5887:
5876:
5850:accusative case
5846:
5834:
5821:
5810:
5798:
5785:
5774:
5762:
5749:
5737:
5724:
5709:
5696:
5685:
5670:
5661:
5648:
5637:
5619:
5606:
5595:
5583:
5570:
5559:
5538:construct state
5534:
5521:
5499:
5461:
5446:
5433:
5419:
5408:
5389:
5376:
5362:
5351:
5333:
5320:
5309:
5297:
5284:
5273:
5250:
5245:
5115:
4988:
4918:
4909:
4895:
4886:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4871:
4856:
4852:
4253:
4246:
4228:in the script.
4166:
4099:
3942:
3652:
3099:
3092:
3090:Internal plural
3035:and accusative
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2629:internal plural
2578:
2573:
2347:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2235:
2231:
1581:
1511:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1435:
1332:
1134:
933:
931:Transliteration
928:
827:
826:
821:
817:
801:
797:
618:
613:
582:Hawulti Obelisk
528:
527:
519:
485:
481:
459:
455:
441:
440:
439:
430:Without proper
421:
417:
392:Without proper
376:
360:
353:
343:
342:
335:
300:
293:Official status
283:
278:
272:
223:
220:Language family
218:
207:
136:
125:
119:
116:
73:
71:
61:
49:
38:
35:Geez (magazine)
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11642:
11632:
11631:
11626:
11621:
11616:
11611:
11606:
11601:
11596:
11591:
11586:
11581:
11579:Ge'ez language
11564:
11563:
11554:
11551:
11550:
11548:
11547:
11537:
11526:
11524:
11522:Sign languages
11518:
11517:
11515:
11514:
11504:
11494:
11484:
11474:
11459:
11457:
11453:
11452:
11449:
11448:
11446:
11445:
11438:Judaeo-Marathi
11431:
11419:
11404:
11402:
11398:
11397:
11395:
11394:
11387:
11382:
11377:
11372:
11367:
11362:
11357:
11351:
11349:
11347:Judaeo-Iranian
11343:
11342:
11340:
11339:
11332:
11325:
11318:
11311:
11304:
11297:
11296:
11295:
11294:
11293:
11281:Judaeo-Spanish
11278:
11277:
11276:
11271:
11264:
11261:Judaeo-Mantuan
11257:
11248:Judaeo-Italian
11245:
11242:Judaeo-Catalan
11237:
11235:
11233:Judaeo-Romance
11229:
11228:
11225:
11224:
11222:
11221:
11216:
11211:
11205:
11203:
11201:Jewish English
11197:
11196:
11194:
11193:
11188:
11187:
11186:
11179:
11177:Judeo-Alsatian
11169:
11168:
11167:
11160:
11155:
11150:
11145:
11140:
11129:
11127:
11107:
11098:
11092:
11091:
11088:
11087:
11085:
11084:
11074:
11058:
11047:
11045:
11041:
11040:
11038:
11037:
11032:
11027:
11022:
11017:
11012:
11007:
11006:
11005:
10995:
10990:
10984:
10982:
10976:
10975:
10973:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10952:
10947:
10942:
10941:
10940:
10926:
10921:
10916:
10910:
10908:
10906:Judaeo-Aramaic
10902:
10901:
10898:
10897:
10895:
10894:
10889:
10884:
10879:
10874:
10869:
10863:
10861:
10857:
10856:
10854:
10853:
10848:
10843:
10838:
10832:
10830:
10823:
10814:
10808:
10807:
10800:
10799:
10792:
10785:
10777:
10768:
10767:
10765:
10764:
10757:
10746:
10743:
10742:
10739:
10738:
10735:
10734:
10732:
10731:
10724:
10719:
10714:
10713:
10712:
10698:
10691:
10684:
10678:
10676:
10670:
10669:
10666:
10665:
10662:
10661:
10658:
10657:
10655:
10654:
10653:
10652:
10651:
10650:
10647:
10644:
10641:
10638:
10628:
10623:
10622:
10621:
10608:
10603:
10595:
10593:
10589:
10588:
10586:
10585:
10580:
10572:
10570:
10563:
10559:
10558:
10555:
10554:
10552:
10551:
10546:
10545:
10544:
10539:
10538:
10537:
10534:
10531:
10517:
10515:
10511:
10510:
10508:
10507:
10502:
10496:
10494:
10487:
10478:
10474:
10473:
10471:
10470:
10465:
10464:
10463:
10458:
10447:
10445:
10438:
10429:
10425:
10424:
10422:
10421:
10416:
10411:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10390:
10388:
10375:
10369:
10368:
10365:
10364:
10361:
10360:
10358:
10357:
10350:
10343:
10336:
10329:
10328:
10327:
10320:
10305:
10303:
10299:
10298:
10296:
10295:
10294:
10293:
10279:
10272:
10271:
10270:
10265:
10258:
10251:
10250:
10249:
10230:
10223:
10215:
10213:
10207:
10206:
10203:
10202:
10200:
10199:
10194:
10188:
10186:
10182:
10181:
10178:
10177:
10175:
10174:
10169:
10164:
10163:
10162:
10157:
10144:
10142:
10138:
10137:
10134:
10133:
10131:
10130:
10125:
10120:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10100:
10095:
10089:
10087:
10083:
10082:
10080:
10079:
10074:
10073:
10072:
10069:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10030:
10028:
10021:
10010:
10002:
10001:
9999:
9998:
9997:
9996:
9984:
9977:
9976:
9975:
9968:
9961:
9954:
9942:
9935:
9927:
9925:
9917:
9916:
9914:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9896:
9888:
9886:
9880:
9879:
9877:
9876:
9873:Middle Aramaic
9869:
9862:
9855:
9847:
9845:
9838:
9829:
9823:
9822:
9819:
9818:
9816:
9815:
9810:
9805:
9804:
9803:
9802:
9801:
9784:
9779:
9773:
9771:
9769:Dialect groups
9765:
9764:
9762:
9761:
9756:
9750:
9748:
9744:
9743:
9741:
9740:
9733:
9726:
9725:
9724:
9717:
9710:
9703:
9696:
9689:
9682:
9668:
9661:
9653:
9651:
9644:
9635:
9629:
9628:
9626:
9625:
9618:
9617:
9616:
9601:
9599:
9591:
9590:
9588:
9587:
9586:
9585:
9580:
9570:
9564:
9562:
9558:
9557:
9550:
9549:
9542:
9535:
9527:
9518:
9517:
9515:
9514:
9508:
9506:
9505:Sign languages
9502:
9501:
9499:
9498:
9493:
9487:
9485:
9481:
9480:
9477:
9476:
9474:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9382:
9380:
9374:
9373:
9371:
9370:
9368:Zayse-Zergulla
9365:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9224:
9222:
9216:
9215:
9213:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9101:
9099:
9093:
9092:
9090:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9023:
9021:
9012:
9006:
9005:
9003:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8976:
8974:
8970:
8969:
8962:
8961:
8954:
8947:
8939:
8933:
8932:
8927:
8926:(13 July 2010)
8914:
8908:J. M. Harden,
8905:
8904:
8903:
8888:Abyssinica SIL
8884:
8876:
8860:
8859:External links
8857:
8855:
8854:
8848:
8832:
8826:
8810:
8799:Online version
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8779:
8768:
8753:
8738:
8727:
8724:Online version
8713:
8706:Online version
8698:
8683:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8659:
8653:
8638:
8615:
8609:
8596:
8582:
8567:
8560:
8551:
8544:Online version
8540:
8534:
8518:
8511:
8505:
8492:
8486:
8473:
8467:
8454:
8447:Online version
8424:
8412:
8379:
8364:Chaîne, Marius
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8352:
8350:on 2018-08-14.
8335:
8311:
8302:
8296:
8275:
8273:on 2007-02-06.
8258:
8251:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8213:
8192:
8179:
8158:
8137:
8116:
8095:
8074:
8070:Pankhurst 2003
8062:
8060:, p. 574.
8050:
8038:
8013:
7991:
7975:
7973:, p. 430.
7958:
7945:
7933:
7931:, p. 428.
7918:
7879:
7858:
7850:Pankhurst 1968
7842:
7840:, p. 257.
7830:
7818:
7806:
7794:
7782:
7767:
7755:
7743:
7731:
7719:
7707:
7705:, p. 440.
7692:
7690:, p. 248.
7675:
7663:
7651:
7639:
7627:
7621:, as cited by
7611:
7591:
7558:
7556:, p. 245.
7546:
7544:, p. 244.
7534:
7522:
7520:, p. 246.
7507:
7495:
7483:
7471:
7459:
7446:
7439:
7415:
7408:
7384:
7353:
7293:
7281:
7269:
7257:
7254:(Online). n.d.
7237:
7217:
7183:
7170:
7161:
7146:
7130:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7111:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7093:
7090:
7068:
7060:
7052:
7044:
7036:
7028:
7020:
7012:
7004:
6996:
6988:
6980:
6972:
6964:
6956:
6948:
6940:
6932:
6924:
6916:
6908:
6900:
6892:
6884:
6876:
6868:
6860:
6852:
6844:
6836:
6828:
6820:
6819:
6810:
6807:
6767:
6764:
6760:George Elmacin
6744:Haymanote Abaw
6689:Matshafe Milad
6666:Fekkare Iyasus
6661:
6658:
6640:(i.e., Saba),
6638:Queen of Sheba
6610:
6609:
6603:Tekle Haymanot
6591:
6578:
6575:Gadle Hawaryat
6571:
6553:Medieval Latin
6539:
6536:
6447:Garima Gospels
6442:
6439:
6423:Ezana of Aksum
6348:
6345:
6327:'s capital at
6262:including the
6241:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6231:
6228:
6225:
6221:
6220:
6213:
6206:
6199:
6192:
6188:
6187:
6184:
6181:
6178:
6174:
6173:
6166:
6159:
6152:
6145:
6124:Horn of Africa
6063:Main article:
6060:
6059:Writing system
6057:
6033:
6022:
6011:
6010:
6006:palatalization
5977:
5974:
5947:
5933:
5919:
5918:
5888:
5877:
5855:
5854:
5845:
5842:
5811:
5800:
5799:
5775:
5764:
5763:
5739:
5738:
5714:
5713:
5686:
5675:
5674:
5669:
5666:
5653:səm-u la=nəguś
5638:
5624:
5623:
5596:
5593:name-construct
5585:
5584:
5560:
5549:
5548:
5523:ብእሲ ዘቀተልዎ ለወልዱ
5500:
5467:za=qatal-əww-o
5462:
5451:
5450:
5420:
5409:
5391:
5390:
5363:
5352:
5338:
5337:
5310:
5299:
5298:
5292:in-this:F city
5274:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5183:
5177:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5155:
5149:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5083:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5042:
5035:
5028:
5022:
5021:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4929:
4925:
4924:
4915:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4892:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4869:
4849:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4832:
4820:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4789:
4777:
4765:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4741:
4729:
4717:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4686:
4674:
4662:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4626:
4614:
4602:
4590:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4566:
4554:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4523:
4511:
4499:
4487:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4452:
4440:
4428:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4397:
4385:
4373:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4326:
4314:
4302:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4249:
4247:singular nouns
4242:
4237:
4197:
4196:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4153:
4141:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4086:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4045:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4014:
4002:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3978:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3922:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3893:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3864:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3835:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3806:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3777:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3748:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3719:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3690:
3678:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3639:
3638:
3626:
3623:
3610:
3609:
3597:
3594:
3581:
3580:
3568:
3565:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3534:
3531:
3518:
3517:
3505:
3502:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3471:
3468:
3455:
3454:
3442:
3439:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3408:
3405:
3392:
3391:
3379:
3376:
3363:
3362:
3350:
3347:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3316:
3313:
3300:
3299:
3287:
3284:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3253:
3250:
3237:
3236:
3224:
3221:
3208:
3207:
3195:
3192:
3179:
3178:
3166:
3163:
3150:
3149:
3137:
3134:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3091:
3088:
2965:
2964:
2949:
2934:
2919:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2884:
2872:
2857:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2794:Declension of
2772:
2771:
2724:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2521:) are stressed
2507:
2504:
2483:
2441:
2384:
2355:
2346:
2343:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2200:
2198:
2179:
2160:
2141:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2084:
2082:
2074:
2073:
2054:
2035:
2013:
1994:
1992:
1973:
1954:
1935:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1896:
1877:
1875:
1856:
1837:
1818:
1799:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1766:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1724:
1705:
1697:
1696:
1677:
1675:
1653:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1611:
1592:
1585:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1542:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1504:
1497:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1434:
1431:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
937:
932:
929:
927:
924:
829:Historically,
825:
824:
815:
794:
793:
790:
789:
787:
767:
765:
759:
758:
756:
736:
730:
729:
715:
713:
699:
693:
692:
678:
664:
650:
644:
643:
638:
633:
627:
617:
614:
612:
609:
591:In one study,
434:, you may see
422:
415:
414:
413:
410:
409:
396:, you may see
382:
381:
374:
366:
365:
358:
350:
349:
340:
332:
331:
330:Language codes
327:
326:
301:
298:
295:
294:
290:
289:
284:
280:Writing system
277:
274:
273:
271:
270:
269:
268:
267:
266:
265:
264:
263:
262:
261:
260:
226:
224:
217:
214:
213:
204:
198:
197:
188:
187:Native to
184:
183:
176:
172:
171:
163:
162:
147:
146:
138:
137:
120:September 2022
52:
50:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11641:
11630:
11627:
11625:
11622:
11620:
11617:
11615:
11612:
11610:
11607:
11605:
11602:
11600:
11597:
11595:
11592:
11590:
11587:
11585:
11582:
11580:
11577:
11576:
11574:
11561:
11557:
11552:
11545:
11541:
11538:
11535:
11531:
11528:
11527:
11525:
11523:
11519:
11512:
11508:
11505:
11502:
11498:
11495:
11492:
11488:
11485:
11482:
11478:
11475:
11472:
11468:
11464:
11461:
11460:
11458:
11454:
11443:
11439:
11435:
11432:
11429:
11425:
11424:
11420:
11417:
11413:
11409:
11406:
11405:
11403:
11399:
11393:
11392:
11388:
11386:
11385:Judeo-Kashani
11383:
11381:
11378:
11376:
11375:Judeo-Shirazi
11373:
11371:
11368:
11366:
11365:Judeo-Persian
11363:
11361:
11358:
11356:
11353:
11352:
11350:
11348:
11344:
11338:
11337:
11333:
11331:
11330:
11326:
11324:
11323:
11322:Judaeo-French
11319:
11317:
11316:
11312:
11310:
11309:
11305:
11303:
11302:
11298:
11292:
11289:
11288:
11287:
11284:
11283:
11282:
11279:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11269:
11265:
11263:
11262:
11258:
11256:
11255:
11251:
11250:
11249:
11246:
11244:
11243:
11239:
11238:
11236:
11234:
11230:
11220:
11217:
11215:
11212:
11210:
11207:
11206:
11204:
11202:
11198:
11192:
11191:Scots-Yiddish
11189:
11185:
11184:
11180:
11178:
11175:
11174:
11173:
11170:
11166:
11165:
11164:Klezmer-loshn
11161:
11159:
11156:
11154:
11151:
11149:
11146:
11144:
11141:
11139:
11136:
11135:
11134:
11131:
11130:
11128:
11125:
11124:
11119:
11115:
11111:
11108:
11106:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11096:Indo-European
11093:
11082:
11078:
11077:Judaeo-Berber
11075:
11072:
11068:
11067:
11062:
11059:
11056:
11052:
11049:
11048:
11046:
11042:
11036:
11035:Judaeo-Yemeni
11033:
11031:
11028:
11026:
11025:Judaeo-Syrian
11023:
11021:
11018:
11016:
11013:
11011:
11008:
11004:
11001:
11000:
10999:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10985:
10983:
10981:
10980:Judaeo-Arabic
10977:
10971:
10968:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10948:
10946:
10943:
10939:
10938:
10934:
10933:
10932:
10931:
10927:
10925:
10922:
10920:
10917:
10915:
10912:
10911:
10909:
10907:
10903:
10893:
10890:
10888:
10885:
10883:
10880:
10878:
10875:
10873:
10870:
10868:
10865:
10864:
10862:
10858:
10852:
10849:
10847:
10844:
10842:
10839:
10837:
10834:
10833:
10831:
10827:
10824:
10822:
10818:
10815:
10813:
10809:
10805:
10798:
10793:
10791:
10786:
10784:
10779:
10778:
10775:
10762:
10758:
10755:
10751:
10748:
10747:
10744:
10730:
10729:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10711:
10710:
10706:
10705:
10704:
10703:
10699:
10697:
10696:
10692:
10690:
10689:
10685:
10683:
10680:
10679:
10677:
10675:
10671:
10648:
10645:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10633:
10632:
10629:
10627:
10624:
10619:
10618:
10617:
10614:
10613:
10612:
10609:
10607:
10604:
10602:
10601:
10597:
10596:
10594:
10590:
10584:
10581:
10579:
10578:
10574:
10573:
10571:
10567:
10564:
10560:
10550:
10547:
10543:
10540:
10535:
10532:
10529:
10528:
10527:
10524:
10523:
10522:
10519:
10518:
10516:
10512:
10506:
10503:
10501:
10498:
10497:
10495:
10491:
10488:
10482:
10479:
10475:
10469:
10466:
10462:
10459:
10457:
10454:
10453:
10452:
10449:
10448:
10446:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10436:Ethio-Semitic
10433:
10430:
10426:
10420:
10417:
10415:
10412:
10410:
10407:
10405:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10392:
10391:
10389:
10386:
10379:
10376:
10374:
10370:
10356:
10355:
10351:
10349:
10348:
10344:
10342:
10341:
10337:
10335:
10334:
10330:
10326:
10325:
10321:
10319:
10318:
10314:
10313:
10312:
10311:
10307:
10306:
10304:
10300:
10292:
10291:
10287:
10286:
10285:
10284:
10280:
10278:
10277:
10273:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10263:
10259:
10257:
10256:
10252:
10248:
10247:
10243:
10242:
10241:
10240:
10236:
10235:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10228:
10224:
10222:
10221:
10217:
10216:
10214:
10212:
10208:
10198:
10197:Judeo-Aramaic
10195:
10193:
10190:
10189:
10187:
10183:
10173:
10170:
10168:
10165:
10161:
10158:
10156:
10155:
10151:
10150:
10149:
10146:
10145:
10143:
10139:
10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10101:
10099:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10090:
10088:
10084:
10078:
10075:
10070:
10067:
10066:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10031:
10029:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10003:
9995:
9994:
9990:
9989:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9982:
9978:
9974:
9973:
9969:
9967:
9966:
9962:
9960:
9959:
9955:
9953:
9952:
9948:
9947:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9940:
9936:
9934:
9933:
9929:
9928:
9926:
9924:
9923:
9918:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9901:
9897:
9895:
9894:
9890:
9889:
9887:
9885:
9881:
9875:
9874:
9870:
9868:
9867:
9863:
9861:
9860:
9856:
9854:
9853:
9849:
9848:
9846:
9842:
9839:
9837:
9833:
9830:
9828:
9824:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9800:
9797:
9796:
9795:
9794:
9793:Siculo-Arabic
9790:
9789:
9788:
9785:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9775:
9774:
9772:
9770:
9766:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9751:
9749:
9745:
9739:
9738:
9734:
9732:
9731:
9727:
9723:
9722:
9718:
9716:
9715:
9711:
9709:
9708:
9704:
9702:
9701:
9697:
9695:
9694:
9690:
9688:
9687:
9683:
9681:
9680:
9676:
9675:
9674:
9673:
9669:
9667:
9666:
9662:
9660:
9659:
9655:
9654:
9652:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9630:
9624:
9623:
9619:
9615:
9614:
9610:
9609:
9608:
9607:
9603:
9602:
9600:
9598:
9597:
9592:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9575:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9565:
9563:
9559:
9555:
9548:
9543:
9541:
9536:
9534:
9529:
9528:
9525:
9513:
9510:
9509:
9507:
9503:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9488:
9486:
9482:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9406:Kacipo-Balesi
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9383:
9381:
9379:
9375:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9225:
9223:
9221:
9217:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9102:
9100:
9098:
9094:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9024:
9022:
9020:
9016:
9013:
9007:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8977:
8975:
8971:
8967:
8960:
8955:
8953:
8948:
8946:
8941:
8940:
8937:
8931:
8928:
8925:
8921:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8897:
8894:
8890:
8889:
8885:
8882:
8881:
8877:
8874:
8873:
8869:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8862:
8851:
8845:
8841:
8837:
8833:
8829:
8823:
8819:
8815:
8811:
8808:
8804:
8800:
8796:
8792:
8789:
8788:
8777:
8773:
8769:
8766:
8762:
8758:
8754:
8751:
8747:
8743:
8739:
8736:
8732:
8728:
8725:
8721:
8717:
8714:
8711:
8707:
8703:
8699:
8696:
8692:
8688:
8684:
8681:
8677:
8673:
8669:
8668:
8658:
8654:
8651:
8647:
8643:
8639:
8636:
8632:
8628:
8624:
8620:
8619:Geʽez grammar
8616:
8612:
8606:
8602:
8597:
8595:
8591:
8587:
8583:
8580:
8576:
8572:
8568:
8565:
8561:
8557:
8552:
8549:
8545:
8541:
8537:
8531:
8527:
8523:
8519:
8516:
8512:
8508:
8502:
8498:
8493:
8489:
8487:0-415-05767-1
8483:
8479:
8474:
8470:
8468:1-57506-017-5
8464:
8460:
8455:
8452:
8448:
8444:
8440:
8436:
8432:
8428:
8425:
8421:
8417:
8413:
8410:
8406:
8402:
8398:
8392:
8388:
8384:
8383:Cohen, Marcel
8380:
8377:
8373:
8369:
8365:
8362:
8361:
8349:
8345:
8341:
8336:
8326:on 2007-12-09
8325:
8321:
8320:Addis Tribune
8317:
8312:
8308:
8303:
8299:
8293:
8286:
8285:
8280:
8276:
8272:
8268:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8248:
8244:
8240:
8236:
8232:
8228:
8227:
8210:
8206:
8202:
8196:
8189:
8183:
8176:
8172:
8168:
8162:
8155:
8151:
8147:
8141:
8134:
8130:
8126:
8120:
8113:
8109:
8105:
8099:
8092:
8088:
8084:
8078:
8071:
8066:
8059:
8054:
8047:
8042:
8028:on 2012-05-01
8027:
8023:
8017:
8002:
7995:
7988:
7987:
7979:
7972:
7967:
7965:
7963:
7955:
7949:
7943:, p. 57.
7942:
7937:
7930:
7925:
7923:
7914:
7910:
7906:
7902:
7898:
7894:
7890:
7883:
7875:
7871:
7865:
7863:
7855:
7851:
7846:
7839:
7834:
7828:, p. 16.
7827:
7822:
7816:, p. 45.
7815:
7810:
7804:, p. 44.
7803:
7798:
7792:, p. 23.
7791:
7786:
7779:
7774:
7772:
7764:
7759:
7752:
7747:
7740:
7735:
7729:, p. 29.
7728:
7723:
7716:
7711:
7704:
7699:
7697:
7689:
7684:
7682:
7680:
7673:, p. 40.
7672:
7667:
7660:
7655:
7649:, p. 21.
7648:
7643:
7637:, p. 26.
7636:
7631:
7624:
7620:
7619:Dillmann 1899
7615:
7608:
7604:
7601:, as used by
7600:
7599:Mittwoch 1926
7595:
7586:
7581:
7577:
7573:
7569:
7562:
7555:
7550:
7543:
7538:
7531:
7526:
7519:
7514:
7512:
7504:
7499:
7492:
7487:
7480:
7475:
7468:
7463:
7456:
7450:
7442:
7436:
7432:
7428:
7427:
7419:
7411:
7405:
7401:
7397:
7396:
7388:
7372:
7368:
7364:
7357:
7349:
7346:
7342:
7338:
7328:
7324:
7320:
7316:
7306:
7302:
7297:
7290:
7285:
7278:
7273:
7266:
7261:
7253:
7252:
7247:
7241:
7233:
7232:
7227:
7221:
7213:
7205:
7201:
7200:
7194:
7187:
7180:
7174:
7165:
7158:
7153:
7151:
7143:
7139:
7134:
7127:
7122:
7118:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7095:
7088:
7086:
7081:
7078:
7074:
7071:
7066:
7063:
7058:
7055:
7050:
7047:
7042:
7039:
7034:
7031:
7026:
7023:
7018:
7015:
7010:
7007:
7002:
6999:
6994:
6991:
6986:
6983:
6978:
6975:
6970:
6967:
6962:
6959:
6954:
6951:
6946:
6943:
6938:
6935:
6930:
6927:
6922:
6919:
6914:
6911:
6906:
6903:
6898:
6895:
6890:
6887:
6882:
6879:
6874:
6871:
6866:
6863:
6858:
6855:
6850:
6847:
6842:
6839:
6834:
6831:
6826:
6823:
6818:
6816:
6815:Book of Enoch
6806:
6804:
6800:
6799:Ethiopic Rite
6796:
6791:
6789:
6785:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6763:
6761:
6757:
6753:
6752:John of Nikiu
6749:
6745:
6741:
6737:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6713:
6708:
6706:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6690:
6686:
6682:
6677:
6675:
6671:
6667:
6657:
6655:
6651:
6650:Mashafa Aksum
6647:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6630:
6625:
6621:
6617:
6616:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6595:Saint Anthony
6592:
6589:
6588:
6583:
6579:
6576:
6572:
6569:
6565:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6560:hagiographies
6556:
6554:
6548:
6546:
6535:
6533:
6532:
6527:
6523:
6519:
6515:
6511:
6510:De Recta Fide
6507:
6503:
6499:
6494:
6492:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6460:
6456:
6452:
6448:
6438:
6436:
6432:
6428:
6424:
6420:
6415:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6393:
6388:
6386:
6382:
6378:
6374:
6366:
6362:
6358:
6353:
6344:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6326:
6322:
6317:
6313:
6308:
6304:
6301:
6297:
6293:
6287:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6276:hagiographies
6273:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6252:
6247:
6232:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6207:
6204:
6200:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6164:
6160:
6157:
6153:
6150:
6146:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6113:
6109:
6105:
6101:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6089:
6083:
6075:
6071:
6066:
6055:
6052:
6049:
6046:
6042:
6039:
6036:
6031:
6028:
6025:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6009:
6007:
6003:
6000:
5999:Proto-Semitic
5996:
5992:
5988:
5972:
5969:
5966:
5963:
5959:
5953:
5950:
5945:
5939:
5936:
5931:
5925:
5922:
5917:
5913:
5910:
5907:
5904:
5900:
5894:
5891:
5886:
5883:
5880:
5875:
5861:
5858:
5853:
5851:
5841:
5839:
5833:
5832:in this house
5830:
5829:in=this house
5827:
5824:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5790:’əm=diba dabr
5788:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5773:
5770:
5767:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5752:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5736:
5735:from the city
5733:
5730:
5727:
5723:
5720:
5717:
5712:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5699:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5673:
5665:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5641:
5636:
5630:
5627:
5622:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5582:
5579:
5576:
5573:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5558:
5557:son-construct
5555:
5552:
5547:
5544:
5539:
5533:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5520:
5506:
5503:
5498:
5468:
5465:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5449:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5436:
5432:
5426:
5423:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5407:
5397:
5394:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5369:
5366:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5350:
5344:
5341:
5336:
5332:
5329:
5328:king glorious
5326:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5308:
5305:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5272:
5266:
5263:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5224:
5221:
5217:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5196:
5193:
5189:
5184:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5163:
5160:
5156:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5123:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5101:
5097:
5094:
5090:
5085:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5073:
5069:
5066:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5001:
4996:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4963:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4916:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4899:
4889:
4873:
4865:
4854:
4850:
4842:
4833:
4830:
4818:
4804:
4803:
4799:
4790:
4787:
4775:
4761:
4755:
4751:
4742:
4739:
4730:
4727:
4718:
4715:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4687:
4684:
4675:
4672:
4663:
4660:
4646:
4640:
4636:
4627:
4624:
4615:
4612:
4603:
4600:
4580:
4576:
4567:
4564:
4552:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4524:
4521:
4512:
4509:
4500:
4497:
4483:
4477:
4473:
4462:
4453:
4450:
4441:
4438:
4429:
4426:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4398:
4395:
4386:
4383:
4374:
4371:
4357:
4351:
4347:
4336:
4327:
4324:
4312:
4303:
4300:
4291:
4280:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4258:
4235:
4229:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4194:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4163:
4151:
4142:
4137:
4131:
4127:
4118:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4096:
4084:
4075:
4070:
4059:
4055:
4046:
4043:
4034:
4028:
4024:
4015:
4012:
4003:
3992:
3988:
3979:
3976:
3967:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3945:
3932:
3923:
3920:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3894:
3891:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3865:
3862:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3836:
3833:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3807:
3804:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3778:
3775:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3749:
3746:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3720:
3717:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3691:
3688:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3648:
3636:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3095:
3087:
3084:
3078:
3067:
3061:
3050:
3044:
3033:
3022:
3011:
3001:
2996:
2985:
2974:
2972:
2962:
2961:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2885:
2882:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2858:
2855:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2791:
2788:
2784:(marked with
2783:
2778:
2768:
2757:
2746:
2735:
2725:
2721:
2710:
2699:
2688:
2677:
2666:
2655:
2644:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2625:
2614:
2603:
2600:
2589:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2536:
2523:
2520:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2493:
2484:
2482:
2473:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2394:
2385:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2325:(also called
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2263:
2260:A verse from
2258:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2147:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2090:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2041:
2036:
2033:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1960:
1952:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1824:
1819:
1816:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1764:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1730:
1722:
1711:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1683:
1676:
1673:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1617:
1609:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1548:
1540:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1427:Proto-Semitic
1417:
1401:
1389:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1353:(Geʽez
1351:
1341:(Geʽez
1339:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
993:
990:
986:
983:
979:
976:
972:
969:
965:
962:
958:
955:
951:
948:
944:
941:
940:
936:
923:
921:
916:
914:
905:
879:
873:
863:
855:, the vowels
853:
843:
837:
819:
812:
799:
795:
788:
785:
779:
773:
768:
766:
764:
761:
760:
757:
754:
748:
742:
735:
732:
731:
727:
721:
716:
714:
711:
705:
700:
698:
695:
694:
690:
684:
679:
676:
670:
665:
662:
656:
651:
649:
646:
645:
642:
639:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
624:
621:Geʽez vowels
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
531:
525:
518:
516:
515:Gəʽ(ə)z
503:
477:
453:
445:
437:
433:
429:
427:
426:Ethiopic text
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
389:
383:
379:
375:
373:
372:
367:
363:
359:
356:
351:
346:
341:
338:
333:
328:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
302:
296:
291:
288:
285:
281:
275:
259:
256:
255:
254:
251:
250:
249:
246:
245:
244:
243:South Semitic
241:
240:
239:
236:
235:
234:
231:
230:
229:
225:
221:
215:
211:
205:
203:
199:
196:
192:
189:
185:
181:
177:
175:Pronunciation
173:
169:
164:
161:
159:
158:Gəʽ(ə)z
148:
143:
134:
131:
123:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81: –
80:
76:
75:Find sources:
69:
65:
59:
58:
53:This article
51:
47:
42:
41:
36:
29:
22:
11555:
11507:Judaeo-Malay
11421:
11389:
11334:
11327:
11320:
11315:Judeo-Gascon
11313:
11306:
11299:
11274:Judaeo-Roman
11266:
11259:
11252:
11240:
11181:
11162:
11121:
11064:
11055:Ethiosemitic
11050:
10998:Judaeo-Iraqi
10960:Lishán Didán
10955:Lishana Deni
10935:
10928:
10749:
10726:
10707:
10700:
10693:
10686:
10598:
10575:
10450:
10352:
10345:
10338:
10331:
10322:
10315:
10308:
10288:
10281:
10274:
10260:
10253:
10244:
10237:
10225:
10218:
10152:
10123:Urmia Jewish
9991:
9986:
9979:
9970:
9963:
9956:
9949:
9944:
9937:
9930:
9920:
9898:
9891:
9871:
9864:
9857:
9850:
9808:Mesopotamian
9791:
9735:
9728:
9719:
9712:
9705:
9698:
9691:
9684:
9677:
9670:
9663:
9658:Proto-Arabic
9656:
9620:
9611:
9604:
9594:
9378:Nilo-Saharan
9036:
9019:Ethiosemitic
8909:
8887:
8879:
8871:
8864:
8839:
8836:Leslau, Wolf
8817:
8814:Leslau, Wolf
8794:
8784:Dictionaries
8778:) in Gallica
8761:Baeda Maryam
8741:
8730:
8719:
8701:
8686:
8671:
8641:
8618:
8600:
8585:
8570:
8563:
8555:
8525:
8514:
8496:
8477:
8458:
8434:
8431:Bezold, Carl
8419:
8390:
8386:
8370:. Beyrouth (
8367:
8348:the original
8343:
8328:. Retrieved
8324:the original
8319:
8306:
8283:
8271:the original
8266:
8234:
8218:Bibliography
8201:Afrikas Horn
8200:
8195:
8187:
8182:
8166:
8161:
8145:
8140:
8124:
8119:
8103:
8098:
8082:
8077:
8065:
8053:
8041:
8030:. Retrieved
8026:the original
8016:
8005:. Retrieved
7994:
7985:
7978:
7953:
7948:
7936:
7896:
7892:
7882:
7873:
7845:
7833:
7826:Lambdin 1978
7821:
7814:Lambdin 1978
7809:
7802:Lambdin 1978
7797:
7790:Lambdin 1978
7785:
7778:Tropper 2021
7763:Lambdin 1978
7758:
7751:Tropper 2021
7746:
7739:Lambdin 1978
7734:
7727:Lambdin 1978
7722:
7715:Tropper 2021
7710:
7671:Lambdin 1978
7666:
7659:Tropper 2021
7654:
7647:Lambdin 1978
7642:
7635:Lambdin 1978
7630:
7623:Tropper 2021
7614:
7607:Lambdin 1978
7603:Tropper 2021
7594:
7575:
7571:
7561:
7549:
7537:
7532:, p. 2.
7530:Lambdin 1978
7525:
7498:
7491:Lambdin 1978
7486:
7479:Lambdin 1978
7474:
7462:
7454:
7449:
7430:
7425:
7418:
7394:
7387:
7375:. Retrieved
7370:
7366:
7356:
7347:
7344:
7340:
7336:
7326:
7322:
7318:
7314:
7304:
7296:
7284:
7272:
7265:Lambdin 1978
7260:
7249:
7240:
7229:
7220:
7197:
7186:
7178:
7173:
7164:
7141:
7133:
7121:
7082:
7079:
7076:
6812:
6792:
6769:
6755:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6727:
6719:
6709:
6701:Fetha Negest
6692:
6688:
6684:
6678:
6669:
6665:
6663:
6654:Book of Axum
6649:
6642:King Solomon
6629:Kebra Nagast
6627:
6624:Amda Seyon I
6613:
6611:
6599:Saint George
6585:
6581:
6574:
6567:
6557:
6549:
6541:
6529:
6521:
6509:
6505:
6495:
6444:
6416:
6389:
6370:
6310:Significant
6309:
6306:
6289:
6257:
6097:
6094:
6085:
6079:
6065:Geʽez script
6054:we cannot go
6053:
6050:
6047:
6045:ንሕነ ኢንክል ሐዊረ
6044:
6040:
6029:
6018:
6001:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5979:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5954:
5940:
5926:
5915:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5902:
5895:
5884:
5862:
5847:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5818:
5807:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5782:
5771:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5746:
5734:
5731:
5728:
5725:
5721:
5710:
5706:
5703:
5700:
5697:
5693:
5682:
5671:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5645:
5631:
5620:
5616:
5613:
5611:səm-a malʼak
5610:
5607:
5603:
5592:
5580:
5577:
5575:wald-a nəguś
5574:
5571:
5567:
5556:
5535:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5522:
5507:
5469:
5458:
5447:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5435:እሉ ነገሥት ክቡራን
5434:
5427:
5416:
5398:
5386:
5383:
5380:
5378:ዛቲ ንግሥት ክብርት
5377:
5370:
5359:
5345:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5317:
5306:
5295:in this city
5294:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5281:
5267:
5251:
5248:Noun phrases
4872:
4853:
4254:plural nouns
4200:
3943:
3672:
3642:
3550:
3487:
3424:
3332:
3269:
3119:
3093:
3013:), but with
2999:
2975:
2968:
2959:
2944:
2929:
2914:
2894:
2867:
2773:
2604:
2579:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2543:
2534:
2527:
2518:
2500:
2491:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2392:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2348:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2267:
2232:
1445:is given in
1436:
1376:
1361:
1333:
934:
917:
912:
903:
828:
818:
798:
590:
580:
553:
536:
512:
451:
450:
423:
385:
369:
287:Geʽez script
257:
238:West Semitic
228:Afro-Asiatic
155:
126:
117:
107:
100:
93:
86:
74:
62:Please help
57:verification
54:
28:Geʽez script
11534:German Sign
11301:Judeo-Latin
11183:Lachoudisch
10812:Afroasiatic
10688:Hadramautic
10674:Old Arabian
10611:West Gurage
10521:East Gurage
10167:Neo-Mandaic
9945:Palestinian
9852:Old Aramaic
9293:Hamer-Banna
8685:Bonk, Jon,
7941:Stuart 1991
7899:(12): 3–5.
7838:Gragg 1997b
7688:Gragg 1997b
7554:Gragg 1997b
7542:Gragg 1997b
7518:Gragg 1997b
7503:Gragg 1997a
7467:Gragg 1997a
7289:Leslau 1987
7277:Leslau 1989
7181:, Edinburgh
7126:Gragg 1997b
7017:laʾasassəlo
6788:Beta Israel
6736:Sawana Nafs
6730:of Emperor
6720:Anqasa Amin
6718:, entitled
6674:Tewodros II
6555:in Europe.
6531:Physiologus
6502:Saint Cyril
6433:obelisk in
6357:Ezana Stone
6325:Tewodros II
6144:Basic sign
6030:(we) cannot
5760:in the city
5707:to the city
5701:wəsta hagar
5325:nəguś kəbur
5289:ba-zā hagar
5227:yə-qattəl-ā
5166:yə-qattəl-u
5100:tə-qattəl-ā
5072:tə-qattəl-i
5039:tə-qattəl-u
5032:qatal-kəmmu
4928:1st person
2903:Accusative
2844:Nominative
2720:p̣āp̣p̣āsāt
2557:"her") vs.
2494:accusative
2443:the suffix
2413:("Geʽez"),
2299:, i.e. the
2287:labiovelars
2137:Approximant
849:with short
576:Beta Israel
452:Geʽez
400:instead of
324:Beta Israel
258:Geʽez
145:Geʽez
11573:Categories
11491:Kartvelian
11442:Indo-Aryan
11434:Judeo-Urdu
10717:Rijal Alma
10702:Qatabanian
10340:Himyaritic
10283:Phoenician
9844:Historical
9813:Peninsular
9714:Taymanitic
9665:Old Arabic
9650:Historical
8757:Zara Yaqob
8664:Literature
8340:"Falashas"
8330:2022-12-19
8263:"Ethiopia"
8058:Budge 1928
8046:Budge 1928
8032:2012-07-11
8007:2012-07-11
7971:Gragg 2008
7929:Gragg 2008
7703:Gragg 2008
7572:Aethiopica
7301:Cohen 1921
7214:required.)
7157:Chain 1909
7114:References
6921:waṣādəqāna
6803:Geʽez Rite
6732:Gelawdewos
6728:Confession
6681:Zara Yaqob
6587:Synaxarium
6558:Important
6543:of Coptic
6504:(known as
6244:See also:
6126:, such as
5962:አየ ሀገረ ሐነጹ
5903:ተከለ ብእሲ ዕፀ
4908:Indicative
4903:Imperfect
4758:3rd person
4643:2nd person
4588:1st person
4480:3rd person
4354:2nd person
4288:1st person
4276:accusative
4271:nominative
4261:noun/prep.
4182:accusative
4139:nominative
4115:accusative
4072:nominative
4062:3rd person
3995:2nd person
3964:1st person
3793:'chicken'
3673:CaCāCəC(t)
3625:'brother'
3620:’əḫʷ/’əḫəw
3425:ʾaCāCəC(t)
3286:'country'
3136:'garment'
2790:as well).
2599:ʼəxt
2571:Morphology
2559:yənaggə́rā
2551:yənaggərā́
2422:("wise"),
2404:("city"),
2395:("king"),
1513:labialized
1481:Pharyngeal
1439:consonants
1140:translit.
942:translit.
926:Consonants
862:*ī, *ū, *ā
574:, and the
90:newspapers
11558:indicate
11481:Dravidian
11360:Judeo-Tat
11209:Yeshivish
11158:Udmurtish
11153:Ukrainish
11138:Galitzish
10867:Ashkenazi
10761:varieties
10752:indicate
10631:Sebat Bet
10381:Eastern (
10333:Deir Alla
10211:Canaanite
10118:Trans-Zab
10103:Inter-Zab
10027:Christian
9981:Palmyrene
9972:Samaritan
9939:Nabataean
9827:Northwest
9782:Levantine
9754:Classical
9679:Dadanitic
9451:Nyangatom
9396:Daatsʼiin
9348:Shekkacho
9145:Daasanach
9011:languages
8772:recension
8770:Ethiopic
8211:), p. 171
8177:), p. 158
8156:), p. 127
8135:), p. 533
8093:), p. 119
7905:2044-3986
7578:: 75–88.
7065:warasiʿān
6748:Chronicle
6582:Senkessar
6526:Pachomius
6487:Maccabees
6455:Christian
6108:Sebatbeit
5844:Sentences
5826:ba=zə bet
5732:from=city
5729:ʼəm=hagar
5722:from=city
5719:ʼəm=hagar
5505:la=wald-u
5428:glorious:
5371:glorious:
5234:yə-qtəl-ā
5199:tə-qattəl
5173:yə-qtəl-u
5138:yə-qattəl
5120:masculine
5107:tə-qtəl-ā
5093:qatal-kən
5079:tə-qtəl-i
5046:tə-qtəl-u
5011:tə-qattəl
4993:masculine
4973:nə-qattəl
4945:ʾə-qattəl
4763:masculine
4648:masculine
4485:masculine
4359:masculine
4067:masculine
4000:masculine
3909:'priest'
3764:'window'
3706:'prince'
3677:'virgin'
3664:Singular
3596:'father'
3333:ʾaCCəC(t)
3108:Singular
3066:*liq-ə-hu
2837:Construct
2827:Construct
2782:construct
2709:p̣āp̣p̣ās
2503:("three")
2242:ejectives
1932:voiceless
1926:Fricative
1589:voiceless
1583:Affricate
734:Near-open
611:Phonology
371:Glottolog
355:ISO 639-3
337:ISO 639-2
11463:Krymchak
11416:Hellenic
11214:Yinglish
11118:dialects
11105:Germanic
11071:Cushitic
10970:Betanure
10937:Galilean
10924:Talmudic
10914:Biblical
10892:Tiberian
10887:Yemenite
10872:Sephardi
10846:Medieval
10841:Mishnaic
10836:Biblical
10709:Awsanian
10592:Tt-group
10468:Tigrinya
10347:Samalian
10324:Galilean
10317:Ugaritic
10262:Medieval
10255:Mishnaic
10239:Biblical
10220:Ammonite
10113:Sanandaj
10098:Betanure
10071:Chaldean
10068:Assyrian
10054:Qaraqosh
10044:Hértevin
9958:Galilean
9932:Lebanese
9787:Maghrebi
9747:Literary
9721:Thamudic
9707:Safaitic
9693:Hasaitic
9686:Dumaitic
9606:Akkadian
9561:Branches
9358:Wolaitta
9238:Bambassi
9210:Xamtanga
9165:Kambaata
9097:Cushitic
9082:Tigrinya
9009:Regional
9000:Tigrinya
8920:Archived
8896:Archived
8838:(1989).
8816:(1987).
8524:(1978).
8418:(1899).
8281:(1991).
8233:(1928).
8114:), p. 13
7956:, p.732.
7913:25639482
7373:(5): 173
7092:See also
6985:baʿəlata
6905:ḫəruyāna
6857:za-Henok
6754:and the
6670:Tewodros
6620:Josippon
6605:, Saint
6601:, Saint
6483:Nehemiah
6463:Jubilees
6451:Aksumite
6377:Tigrinya
6100:Ethiopia
5976:Negation
5787:እምዲበ ደብር
5783:mountain
5769:’əm=diba
5754:ba=hagar
5744:ba=hagar
5643:la=nəguś
5318:glorious
5268:in-this:
5192:qatal-at
5186:singular
5181:feminine
5125:singular
5065:qatal-ki
5059:singular
5054:feminine
5004:qatal-ka
4998:singular
4966:qatal-na
4938:qatal-ku
4932:singular
4898:qatal-nn
4806:feminine
4703:feminine
4540:feminine
4414:feminine
4283:Singular
4213:, as in
4134:feminine
4095:wəʼətómu
4031:feminine
4023:ʼantə́mu
3955:Singular
3931:qasāwəst
3902:waḥāyəzt
3880:'river'
3873:baḥāwərt
3851:'earth'
3822:'night'
3757:kawākəbt
3728:masāfənt
3661:Meaning
3658:Pattern
3480:’agānənt
3470:'devil'
3441:'sheep'
3194:'house'
3165:'horse'
3111:Meaning
3105:Pattern
3083:*liqa-hu
2832:Absolute
2822:Absolute
2812:Singular
2767:qarānəbt
2544:bárakata
2510:enclitic
2440:("here")
2297:śe-nigūś
2274:emphatic
2270:ejective
1796:emphatic
1466:Alveolar
811:Tigrinya
597:Tigrinya
545:Ethiopia
406:Help:IPA
378:geez1241
248:Ethiopic
195:Ethiopia
11556:Italics
11511:Malayic
11423:Knaanic
11412:Yevanic
11355:Bukhori
11291:Tetuani
11286:Haketia
11219:Heblish
11172:Western
11148:Poylish
11143:Litvish
11133:Eastern
11114:Yiddish
10950:Hulaulá
10945:Barzani
10882:Italian
10877:Mizrahi
10754:extinct
10750:Italics
10695:Minaean
10620:Endegen
10569:N-group
10530:Inneqor
10505:Argobba
10500:Amharic
10456:Dahalik
10428:Western
10419:Soqotri
10399:Ḥarsusi
10394:Baṭḥari
10385:Arabian
10310:Amorite
10276:Moabite
10227:Edomite
10192:Armazic
10172:Western
10148:Central
10093:Barzani
10019:eastern
10008:Aramaic
9922:Western
9906:Mandaic
9884:Eastern
9836:Aramaic
9799:Maltese
9700:Hismaic
9633:Central
9622:Eblaite
9578:Central
9491:English
9318:Koorete
9243:Basketo
9233:Anfillo
9160:Hadiyya
9150:Dirasha
9032:Argobba
9027:Amharic
8985:Amharic
8801:at the
8708:at the
8546:at the
8449:at the
8401:Gallica
8399:on the
7377:19 July
7140:, 2000
7049:ʾəkuyān
7001:məndābe
6953:hallawu
6841:barakat
6801:or the
6712:Enbaqom
6431:Hawulti
6408:Sabaean
6404:Eritrea
6394:in the
6385:Amharic
6361:Sabaean
6347:Origins
6331:in the
6329:Magdala
6303:writer.
6104:Eritrea
6082:abugida
6074:Genesis
6027:ʾi-nəkl
5997:, from
5952:ḥanaṣ-u
5938:hagar-a
5860:takal-a
5808:in=this
5772:from=on
5757:in=city
5747:in=city
5704:to city
5698:ውስተ ሀገር
5650:ስሙ ለንጉሥ
5646:to=king
5608:ስመ መልአክ
5572:ወልደ ንጉሥ
5508:to=son=
5425:kəburān
5322:ንጉሥ ክቡር
5220:qatal-ā
5206:tə-qtəl
5159:qatal-u
5145:yə-qtəl
5131:qatal-a
5116:person
5018:tə-qtəl
4989:person
4980:nə-qtəl
4952:ʾə-qtəl
4917:Jussive
4912:-qattəl
4894:Perfect
4891:Person
4695:-ikə́mu
4683:-akə́mu
4671:-əkə́mu
4240:Default
4193:yə’ə́ta
4174:ʼəmāntú
4162:wəʼətón
4150:yəʼə́ti
4126:wəʼə́ta
4107:ʼəmuntú
4083:wəʼə́tu
4054:ʼantə́n
3958:Plural
3844:layāləy
3815:darāwəh
3735:'star'
3699:danāgəl
3667:Plural
3567:'hand'
3533:'foot'
3451:’abāgəʽ
3417:ʾagbərt
3388:ʾarʾəst
3378:'head'
3252:'name'
3223:'fast'
3114:Plural
3032:liqə́ka
3010:*liqáya
2995:liqə́ya
2815:Plural
2676:gadāmāt
2654:ʿāmatāt
2591:, e.g.
2519:-(ə)ssá
2501:śalastá
2492:śalastú
2364:qatálat
2327:se-isat
2127:ʽ
1693:ʼ
1501:lateral
1494:central
1486:Glottal
1471:Palatal
1443:phoneme
1159:ʽ
1031:ʼ
913:talawku
897:, e.g.
857:/i,u,a/
809:(as in
636:Central
601:Amharic
558:of the
549:Eritrea
402:Unicode
306:of the
233:Semitic
202:Extinct
191:Eritrea
104:scholar
79:"Geʽez"
11471:Turkic
11467:Karaim
11456:Others
11428:Slavic
11401:Others
11123:argots
11081:Berber
11044:Others
10919:Targum
10851:Modern
10821:Hebrew
10728:Sabaic
10722:Razihi
10626:Mesqan
10600:Mesmes
10549:Harari
10536:Wolane
10533:Ulbare
10526:Siltʼe
10486:versal
10484:Trans-
10414:Shehri
10404:Hobyot
10383:Modern
10354:Sutean
10302:Others
10268:Modern
10233:Hebrew
10185:Others
10160:Turoyo
10154:Mlaḥsô
10141:Others
10086:Jewish
10059:Senaya
10039:Bohtan
10034:Barwar
10017:North-
9993:Siryon
9987:Syrian
9911:Syriac
9642:Arabic
9496:Arabic
9426:Majang
9220:Omotic
9205:Tsamai
9200:Somali
9195:Sidamo
9185:Qimant
9175:Libido
9120:Arbore
9072:Siltʼe
9057:Mesqan
9047:Harari
9042:Gurage
8995:Somali
8912:(1926)
8846:
8824:
8748:
8693:
8678:
8648:
8633:
8625:
8607:
8592:
8577:
8532:
8503:
8484:
8465:
8441:
8372:Beirut
8294:
8249:
8207:
8173:
8152:
8131:
8110:
8089:
7911:
7903:
7437:
7406:
7343:, and
7246:"Geez"
7226:"Geez"
7193:"Geez"
7073:
7057:
7041:
7033:kʷəllu
7025:
7009:
6993:
6977:
6969:yəkunu
6961:
6945:
6929:
6913:
6897:
6889:bāraka
6881:
6873:zakama
6865:
6849:
6833:
6809:Sample
6545:Arabic
6498:Qerlos
6489:, and
6469:, the
6335:. The
6300:Psalms
6278:, and
6038:ḥawira
5955:build-
5927:which-
5924:ʾayy-a
5863:plant-
5601:malʼak
5554:wald-a
5474:=kill-
5470:which:
5414:nagaśt
5399:these:
5368:kəbərt
5357:nəgəśt
5286:በዛ ሀገር
5243:Syntax
5214:plural
5153:plural
5087:plural
5026:plural
4960:plural
4798:-ihómu
4750:-ikə́n
4738:-akə́n
4726:-əkə́n
4659:-kə́mu
4583:Plural
3987:nə́ḥna
3774:maskot
3716:masfən
3687:dəngəl
3645:/ieou/
3615:እኍ/እኅው
3504:'ear'
3359:ʾabtər
3349:'rod'
3325:ʾaʾdug
3315:'ass'
3296:ʾahgur
3270:ʾaCCuC
3262:ʾasmāt
3233:ʾaṣwām
3204:ʾabyāt
3175:ʾafrās
3146:ʾalbās
3120:ʾaCCāC
3080:(<
3063:(<
3043:liqáka
2969:As in
2839:state
2756:qərnəb
2745:ʾabyāt
2555:-(h)ā́
2535:nəgə́r
2481:ṭabíba
2472:Gə́ʽza
2463:hagára
2454:nəgúśa
2373:nə́gər
2345:Stress
2329:: the
2079:voiced
1702:voiced
1461:Labial
1397:) and
1383:/t͡ɬʼ/
1347:) and
1236:Geʽez
1038:Geʽez
904:taloku
632:
626:
616:Vowels
586:Matara
562:, the
322:, and
106:
99:
92:
85:
77:
11066:Qwara
11061:Kayla
11051:Geʽez
10682:Faifi
10649:Gyeto
10643:Gumer
10636:Chaha
10606:Muher
10583:Soddo
10577:Gafat
10562:Outer
10477:South
10461:Tigre
10451:Geʽez
10444:North
10409:Mehri
10373:South
10290:Punic
10128:Zakho
10064:Suret
9583:South
9461:Shabo
9456:Opuuo
9441:Mursi
9436:Murle
9431:Meʼen
9421:Kwegu
9416:Kwama
9401:Gumuz
9391:Berta
9386:Anuak
9363:Yemsa
9353:Sheko
9323:Maale
9288:Gayil
9283:Ganza
9273:Dorze
9258:Chara
9248:Bench
9180:Oromo
9170:Konso
9155:Gedeo
9140:Burji
9135:Bussa
9130:Baiso
9125:Awngi
9110:Alaba
9077:Soddo
9062:Muher
9037:Geʽez
8990:Oromo
8393:(18).
8288:(PDF)
7909:JSTOR
7457:p. 42
7429:[
7337:gə‘əz
7321:, et
7315:gə‘əz
7208:
7085:Henok
7062:ወረሲዓን
7014:ለአሰስሎ
6937:ʾəlla
6918:ወጻድቃነ
6724:Islam
6491:Tobit
6467:Enoch
6427:pagan
6381:Tigre
6365:Greek
6260:Bible
6217:gʷ(a)
6210:kʷ(a)
6203:ḫʷ(a)
6196:qʷ(a)
6132:Latin
6128:Oromo
6116:Bilen
6112:Meʼen
6088:Fidäl
6016:nəḥna
5941:city-
5896:tree-
5893:ʿəḍ-a
5882:bəʾsi
5823:በዝ ቤት
5819:house
5805:ba=zə
5726:እምሀገር
5716:እምሀገር
5691:hagar
5680:wəsta
5632:name-
5629:səm-u
5604:angel
5590:səm-a
5565:nəguś
5464:ዘቀተልዎ
5456:bəʾsi
5417:kings
5396:ʼəllu
5360:queen
5346:this:
5315:kəbur
5304:nəguś
5279:hagar
5265:ba-zā
4921:-qtəl
4841:-ihón
4774:-hómu
4714:-kə́n
4611:-ə́na
4575:-ihā́
4472:-ə́ki
4437:-ə́ki
4382:-ə́ka
4335:-ə́ya
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3926:ቀሳውስት
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3897:ወሓይዝት
3890:wəḥiz
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3803:dorho
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3723:መሳፍንት
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8631:ISBN
8623:ISBN
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8590:ISBN
8575:ISBN
8530:ISBN
8501:ISBN
8482:ISBN
8463:ISBN
8439:ISBN
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6982:በዕለተ
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4210:-i-
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4037:አንቲ
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3982:ንሕነ
3914:ቀሲስ
3885:ውሒዝ
3856:ብሔር
3827:ሌሊት
3798:ዶርሆ
3740:ኮከብ
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3601:አበው
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3572:እደው
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3027:ሊቅከ
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2990:ሊቅየ
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2953:ሊቃነ
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2546:).
2531:ንግር
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5813:ቤት
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