240:. This infectious disease was becoming increasingly prevalent in Kashmir with a high mortality rate. Deaths in childbirth and deaths from tuberculosis were very high and sometimes topped the list of fatalities in Srinagar. Recognizing that tuberculosis and leprosy are preventable through proper sanitary measures, he made recommendations in 1912 to the Home minister of the State Council. These recommendations were supported by the British Superintending Surgeon of the Kashmir State Medical Service, but nothing effective was done.
282:
ranged between 150 °F to 200 °F. This led him to conclude that the heat was the primary factor in the causation of the cancer. From 1880 to 1930, more than 2,650 operations for epithelioma were performed in the
Kashmir Mission Hospital and approximately 80 percent of the operations were for Kangri-burn cancer. In 1923, Ernest Neve reported the results of his success with the surgical treatment of Kangri-burn cancer in the
224:. He visited several districts where leprosy was endemic and analyzed leprosy cases in Kashmir, which helped him identify possible sources of contagion. He determined that the most important measures to prevent leprosy included proper sanitary precautions such as disinfecting dirty clothes by heat before washing, maintaining open ventilation and exposure to sunlight in buildings, and properly disposing of dangerous refuse.
264:
pestilence, the tank in the courtyard of the sacred edifice should be filled with water brought by the worshippers. Hundreds of people came with a pot of water and emptied it into the tank. Some of the water was then consumed as a prevention against cholera. Unfortunately, the water was infected, and a disastrous outbreak of cholera followed.
286:. He also published many articles and papers about the causes of and treatments for Kangri-burn cancer, including detailed descriptions of the operation. Some of his notable articles on this topic include "One Cause of Cancer as Illustrated by Epithelioma in Kashmir" and "Kangri-Burn Cancer" which were published in the
367:
He fully immersed himself in his work and devoted his life to medical service in
Kashmir. His love for the country is shown through his extensive writings about Kashmir's culture, language, and beauty. He made lasting impacts on Kashmir's healthcare system by building hospitals and introducing modern
259:
epidemics with at least forty thousand deaths. The fatal years were 1888, 1892, 1900, 1907 and 1910. The Neve brothers traced the epidemic sources and are remembered for visiting all the cholera impacted districts in 1888. The introduction of a supply of pure water and better sanitary measures helped
281:
Following Dr. William
Elmslie's observation that Kangri-burn cancer was caused by constant irritation from the fire-baskets that people carried under their clothes, Ernest Neve pioneered surgical treatments for the cancer. Ernest tested the temperature to which the skin was exposed and found that it
216:
The patients with leprosy arrived at the hospital to isolate voluntarily, and did not face compulsory segregation. They were given a liberal diet and a very small weekly allowance of pocket-money. In 1920, there were 208 patients in the hospital, and in the following years, a separate hospital ward
212:
patients, and Ernest was the hospital's honorary superintendent for many years. This hospital was funded by the
Maharaja and was built on a piece of land granted by the British Commander-in-Chief of the Kashmir Army. The hospital was surrounded on three sides by the blue waters of the Dal Lake and
142:
in 1879. He began medical training in 1882 and was heavily influenced by his brother Arthur Neve who had already dedicated himself to missionary work in
Kashmir. Ernest Neve spent the next three years preparing for a missionary career by taking the post of resident house officer at the Livingstone
191:
The Neve brothers converted the dispensary at
Soloman Hill from a line of mud huts into a modernized hospital. Ernest Neve served as a surgeon at the hospital and became consulting surgeon in 1923. The Kashmir Mission Hospital opened in 1888 with 80 beds and grew to 135 beds in 1893. By then, the
247:, Neve shared his success with the surgical treatment of glandular tuberculosis. He estimated that 75 percent of their 3,000 cases treated through surgery were cured while only 0.5 percent died from the operation, thus recommending other surgeons to treat glandular tuberculosis through surgery.
272:
In 1894, Ernest and Arthur Neve introduced cholera and smallpox vaccines to
Kashmir. The vaccine greatly benefited the infant population since almost all children contracted smallpox and fifty percent died in infancy. In addition, smallpox frequently caused incurable blindness. Those who were
263:
In the spring of 1907, there was an epidemic of cholera with appalling mortality. Entire families were wiped out and the village official who reported the cases had died. Neve observed that superstition was a major contributor to the spread. The
Mohammedan priests proclaimed that to avert the
192:
hospital had treated 20,606 patients, including 853 inpatients and performed 2,589 operations. Many other
British physicians, surgeons and nurses joined, especially during the peak periods. The staff that joined included Dr. Cecil Vosper, Dr. M. R. Roche and three English nurses,
227:
In 2013, there were just over 100 patients in the hospital which the government operated as a Leper Colony. A mosque had been added to the grounds. In 2018, the patient population had declined to 35 all of whom were elderly as the disease was eradicated from the state.
100:(1861-1946) was a British surgeon, Christian medical missionary, and author who provided medical care to the people of Kashmir and pioneered work on Kangri cancer. He established the Kashmir Mission Hospital and the Kashmir State Leper Hospital with his brother
213:
stretches of lotus blossoms. In the first year, there were twenty patients and thirty beds. Soon in 1894, a new building was erected to hold eight more beds. The hospital continued to expand and by 1917, the average daily number of patients was 110.
398:
344:, as a member of twenty years' standing, in 1931. He was a member of the British Medical Association for 50 years and served as the president of the Kashmir Medical Association. He was also elected vice-president of the Church Missionary Society.
200:, was very impressed with the Mission Hospital work and gave annual donations and visited the hospital often. In the ten years between 1918 and 1928, 166,000 new out-patients were treated and more than 46,699 surgical operations were performed.
147:
where students are specially trained for medical missionary work abroad. Following in his brother's footsteps, he lived among the poorest districts in
Edinburgh and attended to the sick there, allowing him to gain unique experience.
117:
Ernest Frederic Neve was born on 3 February 1861 in Brighton, Sussex, England to David Neve, a silk mercer, and Mary Jane Neve (born Wibmer). He was the fourth son and youngest child of seven. He had an older brother,
273:
vaccinated, however, lived safely even in the midst of infection. For instance, there were no cases of smallpox among the children of native Christians in the Medical Mission who were all vaccinated.
33:
356:(17,839 feet) in 1912 and Mount Tatticooti (15,560 feet) in 1901. Along with his brother, Ernest also climbed various other Kashmiri peaks such as Sunset Peak', Rajdain, and Sachkach.
151:
During this time, Ernest Neve also served as the demonstrator in anatomy at the Medical School, senior assistant in the pathological department, and senior ophthalmic assistant at the
217:
for children was built. This Children's Home housed healthy children of leprosy patients in an effort to separate them from their parents before they contracted the disease.
1713:
1728:
290:, as well as "Squamous-Celled Epithelioma due to Kangri Burn" and "The Causation of Cancer with Special Reference to Endocrine Influence" which were published in
848:
302:
In addition to articles about Kangri-burn cancer, Ernest Neve also published many articles about cataract extraction, Caesarean sections, and bone operations.
368:
medicine to Kashmir. He also made significant contributions to the medical community and published new findings on a wide variety of surgical topics.
333:
During World War 1 from 1914 to 1918, Ernest Neve served in the army as the captain of the Indian Defense Force Medical Corps. He was awarded the
1708:
135:
364:
Ernest Neve retired from medical work in 1934 but continued to live at Sonawar Bagh, Srinagar, where he died on 6 February 1946, aged 85.
1598:
260:
save hundreds of lives in Srinagar. Despite this, cholera still spread rapidly, especially in crowded and unsanitary environments.
1723:
1703:
1490:
The nature and etiology of bone disease in Kashmir ; The conservative surgery of long bones ; Necrosis of the lower jaw
1693:
1574:
104:
and made significant contributions to the healthcare facilities in Kashmir throughout the over 50 years that he spent there.
341:
126:, their niece, to join them in Kashmir in 1898. In 1915, Ernest Neve married Jean Sophia Browne and did not have children.
1718:
518:
443:
197:
798:
406:
340:
He received the Gunning-Lister Prize in Surgery of Edinburgh University in 1888, and was elected a Fellow of the
1652:
208:
In 1891, Ernest and Arthur Neve established the Kashmir State Leper Hospital which was dedicated to treating
821:
152:
352:
Ernest was a leading mountaineer and founding member of the Himalayan Club. He made the first ascents of
428:
244:
927:
1698:
734:"On The Spread Of Leprosy And An Examination Of The Fish Hypothesis Of Leprosy As Applied To Kashmir"
122:(1858-1919), who was two years older and worked with him in Kashmir. The Neve brothers also inspired
172:
139:
171:'s Hospital as a part of the Kashmir Medical Mission. He continued the work of his predecessors
168:
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144:
155:. In 1886, he obtained his M.D. and was awarded the gold medal and the Goodsir prize.
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32:
1547:
1505:
541:"Inspirational people and care for the deprived: medical missionaries in Kashmir"
1493:. Royal College of Surgeons of England. Lahore : C. & M. Gazette Press.
236:
Ernest Neve also dedicated much of his time to the treatment and prevention of
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849:"Govt mulls closing leprosy hospital in city as disease almost eradicated"
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119:
101:
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1486:
765:
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466:
1653:"MEMORIES OF EARLY KASHMIR CLIMBING : Himalayan Journal vol.12/10"
1488:
1285:"The Causation of Cancer with Special Reference to Endocrine Influence"
445:
Proceedings of the Church Missionary Society for Africa and the East...
1507:
Beyond the Pir Panjal: Life Among the Mountains and Valleys of Kashmir
307:
Beyond the Pir Panjal: Life Among the Mountains and Valleys of Kashmir
193:
123:
1487:
Neve, Ernest Frederic; Royal College of Surgeons of England (1889).
164:
256:
221:
220:
Ernest Neve published many articles and papers on leprosy in the
209:
1524:
Beyond the Pir Panjal; life and missionary enterprise in Kashmir
1016:
Beyond the Pir Panjal: Life and Missionary Enterprise in Kashmir
311:
Beyond the Pir Panjal: life and missionary enterprise in Kashmir
1189:"One Cause of Cancer as Illustrated by Epithelioma in Kashmir"
954:"A Brief Account of the Recent Epidemic of Cholera in Kashmir"
588:
Neve, Ernest F. (1 October 1921). "The Kashmir Leper Asylum".
196:, Lucy McCormick and H. Smith. In addition, the new maharaja,
596:: 202–203 – via Church Missionary Society Periodicals.
1383:"An Analysis of Three Hundred Cases of Cataract Extraction"
618:. London: Seeley, Service & Company. pp. 119–127.
134:
He attended the Brighton Grammar School, now known as the
507:. London: Seeley, Service & Company. pp. 18–20.
231:
1549:
English-Kashmiri: A Vocabulary of the Kashmiri Language
319:
English-Kashmiri: A Vocabulary of the Kashmiri Language
922:
138:. After spending two years in Germany, he entered the
1246:"Squamous celled epithelioma due to kangri burn.1924"
923:
1714:
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Medical School
577:. London: Seeley, Service & Company. p. 92.
1729:
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
203:
317:(1928), the story of Arthur Neve's life and work;
1675:
337:, first class, in 1918 for his public service.
276:
186:
328:
136:Brighton, Hove & Sussex Sixth Form College
163:In 1886, Ernest Neve joined his brother in
158:
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1406:
1357:
1308:
1220:
1163:
1103:
1054:
985:
899:
773:
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548:Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
255:In twenty years there were five serious
143:Memorial Training Institution under the
876:"Some Surgical Aspects of Tuberculosis"
796:
441:
267:
1676:
409:. Royal College of Surgeons of England
1527:. London: Church Missionary Society.
1250:The National Medical Journal of India
1125:
1123:
1009:
1007:
1005:
819:
399:"Neve, Ernest Frederic (1861 - 1946)"
232:Tuberculosis Treatment and Prevention
1562:
1545:
1520:
1503:
1432:"The Technique of Caesarean Section"
1429:
1380:
1331:
1282:
1243:
1187:Neve, Ernest F. (3 September 1910).
1186:
1130:Neve, Ernest F. (29 December 1923).
1129:
1077:
1028:
1018:. London: Church Missionary Society.
1013:
952:Neve, Ernest F. (15 December 1900).
951:
873:
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342:Royal College of Surgeons of England
250:
145:Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society
1709:Church Mission Society missionaries
538:
442:Society, Church Missionary (1900).
359:
13:
1120:
1002:
846:
305:He wrote several books, including
14:
1740:
1569:. New Delhi: Anmol Publications.
1078:Neve, Ernest F. (December 1930).
820:Syeed, Nafeesa (2 January 2012).
600:
527:
452:
378:
347:
467:"Ernest F. Neve, M.D., F.R.C.S."
204:The Kashmir State Leper Hospital
31:
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297:
243:In an article published in the
1724:Anglican missionaries in India
1704:Christian medical missionaries
1563:Neve, Ernest Frederic (1993).
1552:. Light & Life Publishers.
1546:Neve, Ernest Frederic (1973).
1504:Neve, Ernest Frederic (1912).
1283:Neve, Ernest F. (April 1945).
1029:Neve, Ernest F. (March 1941).
874:Neve, Ernest F. (March 1930).
614:Neve, Ernest Frederic (1928).
581:
573:Neve, Ernest Frederic (1928).
566:
511:
503:Neve, Ernest Frederic (1928).
496:
435:
91:Medical Missionary and Surgeon
1:
1694:Medical doctors from Brighton
1332:Neve, Ernest F. (June 1901).
797:Asquith, Mark (19 May 2013).
371:
112:
107:
1381:Neve, Ernest F. (May 1896).
407:Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
277:Kangri-burn Cancer Treatment
187:The Kashmir Mission Hospital
153:Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh
129:
7:
1619:The British Medical Journal
1615:"Universities And Colleges"
1430:Neve, E. F. (12 May 1917).
799:"Srinagar leprosy hospital"
738:The British Medical Journal
673:The British Medical Journal
634:The British Medical Journal
470:The British Medical Journal
329:Other Activities and Awards
10:
1745:
1719:British emigrants to India
1387:The Indian Medical Gazette
1338:The Indian Medical Gazette
1289:The Indian Medical Gazette
1084:The Indian Medical Gazette
1035:The Indian Medical Gazette
880:The Indian Medical Gazette
292:The Indian Medical Gazette
173:Dr. William Jackson Elmsie
1080:"The Causation of Cancer"
970:10.1136/bmj.2.2085.1705-a
630:"Medical Work In Kashmir"
169:Church Missionary Society
87:
79:
71:
51:
46:Brighton, Sussex, England
39:
30:
23:
1244:Neve, Ernest F. (1924).
1014:Neve, Ernest F. (1915).
732:Neve, Ernest F. (1902).
685:10.1136/bmj.2.1646.125-a
667:Neve, Ernest F. (1892).
448:Church Missionary House.
403:livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk
335:Kaisar-I-Hind Gold Medal
66:Srinagar, Kashmir, India
1625:(3667): 688–689. 1931.
1521:Neve, Ernest F (1914).
1436:British Medical Journal
1256:(1): 51–53, 48, 54–55.
1193:British Medical Journal
1148:10.1136/bmj.2.3287.1255
1136:British Medical Journal
958:British Medical Journal
750:10.1136/bmj.1.2157.1080
288:British Medical Journal
284:British Medical Journal
222:British Medical Journal
159:Medical Missionary Work
140:University of Edinburgh
83:University of Edinburgh
1566:Things seen in Kashmir
1448:10.1136/bmj.1.2941.615
1205:10.1136/bmj.2.2592.589
855:. Tribune News Service
822:"Kashmir Leper Colony"
539:Mir, NA (March 2008).
427:: CS1 maint: others (
323:Things Seen in Kashmir
245:Indian Medical Gazette
1657:www.himalayanclub.org
1334:"Cataract in Kashmir"
928:"Surviving Epidemics"
616:A Crusader in Kashmir
575:A Crusader in Kashmir
505:A Crusader in Kashmir
315:A Crusader in Kashmir
1132:"Kangri-Burn Cancer"
1031:"Kangri-Burn Cancer"
828:. Dow Jones & Co
669:"Leprosy In Kashmir"
268:Vaccine Introduction
177:Dr. Theodore Maxwell
98:Ernest Frederic Neve
1142:(3287): 1255–1256.
964:(2085): 1705–1706.
826:Wall Street Journal
640:(3150): 714. 1921.
476:(4443): 336. 1946.
1603:. J. Onwhyn. 1888.
924:http://@MasudHusyn
590:The C.M.S. Gleaner
523:. J. Onwhyn. 1885.
1576:978-81-7041-821-4
1442:(2941): 615–616.
1199:(2592): 589–591.
926:(26 March 2020).
679:(1646): 125–126.
251:Cholera Epidemics
181:Dr. Edmond Downes
165:Srinagar, Kashmir
95:
94:
1736:
1699:British surgeons
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847:Lateef, Samaan.
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360:Death and legacy
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35:
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1281:
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1185:
1181:
1128:
1121:
1090:(12): 685–687.
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936:
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917:
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167:working at the
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55:6 February 1946
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43:3 February 1861
26:
17:
16:British surgeon
12:
11:
5:
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1606:
1590:
1575:
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1538:
1513:
1510:. T. F. Unwin.
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1479:
1422:
1393:(5): 166–167.
1373:
1344:(6): 226–229.
1324:
1295:(4): 219–220.
1275:
1236:
1179:
1119:
1070:
1041:(3): 138–140.
1021:
1001:
944:
915:
886:(3): 138–140.
866:
839:
812:
801:. The National
789:
744:(2157): 1080.
724:
659:
621:
599:
580:
565:
526:
510:
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451:
434:
376:
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348:Mountaineering
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63:(aged 85)
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24:
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1388:
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