111:
137:
323:
315:
588:
Vershinina, Alisa O.; Heintzman, Peter D.; Froese, Duane G.; Zazula, Grant; Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly; Dalén, Love; Der
Sarkissian, Clio; Dunn, Shelby G.; Ermini, Luca; Gamba, Cristina; Groves, Pamela; Kapp, Joshua D.; Mann, Daniel H.; Seguin-Orlando, Andaine; Southon, John (December 2021).
528:
Cirilli, Omar; Machado, Helena; Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin; Barrón-Ortiz, Christina I.; Davis, Edward; Jass, Christopher N.; Jukar, Advait M.; Landry, Zoe; Marín-Leyva, Alejandro H.; Pandolfi, Luca; Pushkina, Diana; Rook, Lorenzo; Saarinen, Juha; Scott, Eric; Semprebon, Gina (2022-08-24).
355:, North American horses diverged from their Eurasian counterparts around 800,000 years ago, following the first dispersal of horses out of North America, with some interbreeding after the initial split.
432:
The distribution of the species includes: "Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan and Yukon (Canada) and in
California, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas (United States)".
496:
1396:
1284:
1252:
1244:
1404:
1454:
1388:
1356:
1276:
1268:
1292:
1332:
1660:
1640:
1581:
531:"Evolution of the Family Equidae, Subfamily Equinae, in North, Central and South America, Eurasia and Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene"
347:
another generally smaller horse known from the
Pleistocene of North America, but this is uncertain. Although it has been suggested that
1655:
1568:
500:
1665:
1650:
123:
484:
1586:
732:
418:
1130:
1645:
1491:
666:
Extinct
Vertebrate Faunas of the Badlands of Bautista Creek and San Timoteo Cañon, Southern California
1635:
477:
Annotated
Bibliography of Quaternary Vertebrates of Northern North America: With Radiocarbon Dates
336:
is a true caballine horse that is more closely related to modern horses than to zebras and asses.
136:
591:"Ancient horse genomes reveal the timing and extent of dispersals across the Bering Land Bridge"
1670:
1612:
1546:
1508:
1481:
453:
292:
1607:
1599:
1001:
232:
1555:
602:
8:
1121:
1086:
1050:
725:
1156:
1144:
606:
590:
1422:
1380:
1372:
1348:
1260:
1077:
841:
644:
565:
530:
260:
131:
1594:
1462:
888:
648:
636:
628:
570:
552:
480:
397:, where multiple skeletons were recovered. A closely related fossil find was made of
390:
363:
405:; this species appeared closely related, but of a slightly more primitive form than
1438:
1095:
1059:
869:
771:
618:
610:
560:
542:
367:
1364:
1316:
1300:
860:
851:
813:
785:
251:
1446:
1411:
1340:
1308:
1233:
1109:
1068:
943:
925:
878:
804:
718:
448:
188:
1629:
1531:
1218:
1185:
934:
916:
742:
710:
632:
556:
394:
371:
208:
61:
547:
1324:
1226:
1028:
640:
574:
442:
382:
342:
1540:
702:
Fossil
Treasures of the Anza-Borrego Desert: the Last Seven Million Years
527:
303:
36:
1573:
1486:
970:
704:, ed. G.T. Jefferson and L. Lindsey, Sunbelt Publications, p. 253 - 271
623:
417:
in 1998 by paleontologist E. Scott, who also assigned fossils from the
402:
296:
81:
46:
614:
148:
86:
1502:
1525:
385:
excavations have identified the locations of numerous places where
168:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
1476:
1195:
359:
322:
299:
198:
110:
91:
66:
1560:
1041:
1019:
992:
827:
794:
762:
587:
314:
178:
158:
1180:
982:
961:
902:
284:
358:
The earliest remains of the species are known from the late
1190:
326:
Assemblage of bones, illustrated as discovery in situ, of
969:
421:
in
California, tentatively interpreted to represent
366:. The youngest remains of the species date to the
1627:
740:
726:
668:, University of California Press, 424 pages
489:
466:
700:(2006) Extinct horses and their relatives,
733:
719:
479:, University of Toronto Press, 539 pages
109:
622:
564:
546:
691:
671:
655:
321:
313:
291:, named after vertebrate paleontologist
1628:
1507:
1506:
714:
413:was redefined as a junior synonym of
389:occurred. The species was named from
1661:Pleistocene mammals of North America
1641:Prehistoric mammals of North America
523:
521:
519:
517:
126:, constructed out of two skeletons
13:
686:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
473:C. R. Harington and Donna Naughton
32:Early Pleistocene–Late Pleistocene
14:
1682:
514:
135:
34:
1656:Pleistocene species extinctions
377:
581:
351:may be synonymous with living
1:
1666:Fossil taxa described in 1900
459:
309:
7:
1131:Hartmann's mountain zebra (
816:Equus africanus somaliensis
753:Extinct species are marked
497:"The Paleobiology Database"
435:
374:) around 12,000 years ago.
10:
1687:
1651:Pliocene first appearances
1492:Domestication of the horse
891:Equus hemionus hydruntinus
807:Equus africanus atlanticus
684:from southern California,
1515:
1472:
1204:
1173:
1143:
1108:
1027:
1018:
960:
901:
828:Onager / Asiatic wild ass
826:
788:Equus africanus africanus
770:
761:
751:
266:
259:
238:
231:
132:Scientific classification
130:
117:
108:
23:
16:Extinct species of mammal
1053:Equus quagga burchellii
1004:Equus ferus przewalskii
854:Equus hemionus hemippus
844:Equus hemionus hemionus
548:10.3390/biology11091258
340:may be synonymous with
1482:Evolution of the horse
1133:Equus zebra hartmannae
1089:Equus quagga crawshayi
903:Kiang/Tibetan wild ass
797:Equus africanus asinus
454:Evolution of the horse
330:
319:
293:William Berryman Scott
118:A mounted skeleton of
1608:Paleobiology Database
1122:Cape mountain zebra (
1080:Equus quagga chapmani
1071:Equus quagga borensis
937:Equus kiang holdereri
881:Equus hemionus onager
741:Species of the genus
325:
317:
1098:Equus quagga selousi
1002:Przewalski's horse (
985:Equus ferus caballus
946:Equus kiang polyodon
872:Equus hemionus kulan
842:Mongolian wild ass (
1397:Equus parastylidens
1062:Equus quagga boehmi
1044:Equus quagga quagga
889:European wild ass (
863:Equus hemionus khur
607:2021MolEc..30.6144V
419:Anza-Borrego Desert
302:of horse native to
1646:Pleistocene horses
1423:Equus semiplicatus
1414:Equus simplicidens
1381:Equus occidentalis
1373:Equus niobrarensis
1349:Equus mauritanicus
1261:Equus conversidens
1234:Giant Cape zebra (
1087:Crawshay's zebra (
1051:Burchell's zebra (
870:Turkmenian kulan (
399:Equus bautistensis
331:
320:
270:Equus bautistensis
1623:
1622:
1595:Open Tree of Life
1509:Taxon identifiers
1500:
1499:
1463:Equus yunnanensis
1285:Equus dalianensis
1253:Equus complicatus
1245:Equus cedralensis
1169:
1168:
1124:Equus zebra zebra
1078:Chapman's zebra (
1014:
1013:
995:Equus ferus ferus
956:
955:
919:Equus kiang kiang
861:Indian wild ass (
852:Syrian wild ass (
814:Somali wild ass (
786:Nubian wild ass (
615:10.1111/mec.15977
601:(23): 6144–6161.
595:Molecular Ecology
391:Rock Creek, Texas
364:Early Pleistocene
283:(translated from
276:
275:
1678:
1616:
1615:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1589:
1577:
1576:
1564:
1563:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1504:
1503:
1439:Equus sivalensis
1412:Hagerman horse (
1405:Equus pectinatus
1110:Mountain zebra (
1069:Maneless zebra (
1025:
1024:
967:
966:
944:Southern kiang (
926:Northern kiang (
879:Persian onager (
805:Atlas wild ass (
772:African wild ass
768:
767:
735:
728:
721:
712:
711:
705:
699:
695:
689:
679:
675:
669:
663:
659:
653:
652:
626:
585:
579:
578:
568:
550:
525:
512:
511:
509:
508:
499:. Archived from
493:
487:
474:
470:
368:Late Pleistocene
247:
243:
140:
139:
113:
103:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1636:Pliocene horses
1626:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1611:
1606:
1598:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1572:
1567:
1559:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1511:
1501:
1496:
1468:
1455:Equus uralensis
1389:Equus pacificus
1365:Equus namadicus
1357:Equus mexicanus
1317:Equus giganteus
1301:Equus fraternus
1277:Equus cumminsii
1269:Equus crinidens
1206:
1200:
1165:
1157:Grévy's zebra (
1145:Grévy's zebra (
1139:
1104:
1096:Selous' zebra (
1060:Grant's zebra (
1010:
952:
935:Eastern kiang (
928:Equus kiang chu
917:Western kiang (
904:
897:
829:
822:
776:Equus africanus
773:
757:
747:
739:
709:
708:
697:
696:
692:
677:
676:
672:
661:
660:
656:
586:
582:
526:
515:
506:
504:
495:
494:
490:
472:
471:
467:
462:
438:
423:E. bautistensis
411:E. bautistensis
383:Paleontological
380:
312:
306:North America.
255:
249:
241:
240:
227:
134:
104:
102:
101:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1684:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1604:
1591:
1578:
1565:
1552:
1537:
1521:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1450:
1447:Equus stenonis
1442:
1434:
1426:
1418:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1368:
1360:
1352:
1344:
1341:Equus lenensis
1336:
1328:
1320:
1312:
1309:Equus gallicus
1304:
1296:
1293:Equus excelsus
1288:
1280:
1272:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1240:
1236:Equus capensis
1230:
1222:
1213:
1211:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1037:
1035:
1029:Plains zebra (
1022:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
999:
989:
979:
977:
964:
958:
957:
954:
953:
951:
950:
941:
932:
923:
913:
911:
899:
898:
896:
895:
885:
876:
867:
858:
848:
838:
836:
832:Equus hemionus
824:
823:
821:
820:
811:
801:
792:
782:
780:
765:
759:
758:
752:
749:
748:
738:
737:
730:
723:
715:
707:
706:
690:
670:
654:
580:
513:
488:
464:
463:
461:
458:
457:
456:
451:
449:Yakutian horse
446:
437:
434:
379:
376:
311:
308:
274:
273:
264:
263:
257:
256:
250:
236:
235:
229:
228:
224:E. scotti
220:
218:
214:
213:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
189:Perissodactyla
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
128:
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115:
114:
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105:
97:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1683:
1672:
1671:Equus (genus)
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1333:Equus latipes
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1219:Equus alaskae
1215:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
1000:
998:
996:
990:
988:
986:
981:
980:
978:
976:
974:
968:
965:
963:
959:
949:
947:
942:
940:
938:
933:
931:
929:
924:
922:
920:
915:
914:
912:
910:
908:
900:
894:
892:
886:
884:
882:
877:
875:
873:
868:
866:
864:
859:
857:
855:
849:
847:
845:
840:
839:
837:
835:
833:
825:
819:
817:
812:
810:
808:
802:
800:
798:
793:
791:
789:
784:
783:
781:
779:
777:
769:
766:
764:
760:
756:
750:
746:
745:
736:
731:
729:
724:
722:
717:
716:
713:
703:
694:
687:
683:
674:
667:
658:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
584:
576:
572:
567:
562:
558:
554:
549:
544:
540:
536:
532:
524:
522:
520:
518:
503:on 2012-10-12
502:
498:
492:
486:
485:0-8020-4817-X
482:
478:
469:
465:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
444:
440:
439:
433:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:United States
392:
388:
384:
375:
373:
372:Rancholabrean
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
344:
339:
335:
329:
324:
316:
307:
305:
301:
298:
294:
290:
289:Scott's horse
286:
282:
281:
272:
271:
265:
262:
258:
253:
248:
246:
237:
234:
233:Binomial name
230:
226:
225:
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
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170:
167:
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163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
129:
125:
121:
116:
112:
107:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
1547:Equus scotti
1517:Equus scotti
1516:
1460:
1452:
1445:
1436:
1431:Equus scotti
1430:
1428:
1420:
1413:
1402:
1394:
1386:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1354:
1346:
1338:
1330:
1325:Equus lambei
1322:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1266:
1258:
1250:
1242:
1235:
1227:Equus andium
1224:
1216:
1207:
1158:
1146:
1132:
1123:
1111:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1031:Equus quagga
1030:
1003:
994:
984:
972:
971:Wild horse (
945:
936:
927:
918:
906:
890:
880:
871:
862:
853:
843:
831:
815:
806:
796:
787:
775:
754:
743:
701:
693:
685:
682:Equus scotti
681:
673:
665:
662:Childs Frick
657:
598:
594:
583:
538:
534:
505:. Retrieved
501:the original
491:
476:
468:
443:Equus lambei
441:
431:
426:
422:
414:
410:
409:. However,
406:
398:
386:
381:
378:Distribution
357:
352:
349:Equus scotti
348:
343:Equus lambei
341:
338:Equus scotti
337:
334:Equus scotti
333:
332:
328:Equus scotti
327:
288:
280:Equus scotti
279:
278:
277:
269:
267:
245:Equus scotti
244:
239:
223:
222:
209:
120:Equus scotti
119:
25:Equus scotti
24:
18:
1541:Wikispecies
1205:Prehistoric
1159:Equus grevy
1147:Equus grevy
1112:Equus zebra
973:Equus ferus
907:Equus kiang
688:18(3): 76-A
624:10037/24463
541:(9): 1258.
362:during the
353:Equus ferus
318:Restoration
304:Pleistocene
1630:Categories
1487:Wild horse
698:Eric Scott
678:Eric Scott
507:2009-01-22
460:References
403:California
649:234360028
633:0962-1083
557:2079-7737
427:E. scotti
415:E. scotti
407:E. scotti
387:E. scotti
310:Evolution
217:Species:
155:Kingdom:
149:Eukaryota
1526:Wikidata
1042:Quagga (
993:Tarpan (
795:Donkey (
641:33971056
575:36138737
436:See also
295:) is an
261:Synonyms
195:Family:
179:Mammalia
169:Chordata
165:Phylum:
159:Animalia
145:Domain:
1600:3614863
1587:1703871
1574:4969216
1561:4451914
1532:Q600772
1477:Equidae
1210:species
1196:Zebroid
1174:Hybrids
983:Horse (
680:(1998)
664:(1921)
603:Bibcode
566:9495906
535:Biology
475:(2003)
360:Blancan
300:species
297:extinct
242:†
221:†
205:Genus:
199:Equidae
185:Order:
175:Class:
122:at the
98:↓
1020:Zebras
962:Horses
647:
639:
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573:
563:
555:
483:
254:, 1900
252:Gidley
1613:46305
1208:Equus
1186:Kunga
1181:Hinny
763:Asses
744:Equus
645:S2CID
425:, to
285:Latin
210:Equus
1582:NCBI
1569:GBIF
1191:Mule
637:PMID
629:ISSN
571:PMID
553:ISSN
481:ISBN
124:AMNH
37:PreꞒ
1556:EoL
619:hdl
611:doi
561:PMC
543:doi
401:in
287:as
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345:,
268:†
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
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42:Ꞓ
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