137:, environmental science, and food science. They are skilled in tracking and controlling communicable diseases and investigating environmental health incidents. They must also be familiar with relevant laws and regulations related to public health and safety in their region. As practitioners, they work with government agencies, local municipalities, businesses, and community groups to protect public health. Depending on the specific laws and definitions in their jurisdiction, environmental health practitioners may also go by other titles, including environmental health specialist, public health inspector, and health official. Some historical titles for this role include inspector of nuisances, sanitarian, and sanitary inspector.
27:
556:(CIPHI). To become nationally certified, public health inspectors must complete an approved degree program, complete a field training practicum, and pass the Institute's Board of Certification examination (consisting of written reports and an oral examination). To maintain the CPHI(C) credential, practitioners must be registered with CIPHI and submit professional development hours annually.
469:
environmental health role in US local authorities is typically undertaken by officers titled 'Registered
Environmental Health Specialist' or 'Registered Sanitarian', depending on the jurisdiction. Within the US Public Health Service, these functions are carried out by commissioned (uniformed) 'Environmental Health Officers'.
260:(NCD) prevention and control. They can work to prevent NCDs and control risk factors. EHOs also may play a vital role in community projects such as those concerning health promotion, health equity, tobacco use reduction, healthy built environments/healthy communities, food security, and emergency preparedness.
251:
EHOs may also permit and inspect wells, private water systems, and individual subsurface sewage disposal (septic) systems. Other tasks include campground inspections, special events inspections, waste management inspections, petting zoo inspections, correctional facility inspections, mobile home park
247:
An EHO investigates health hazards in many settings and will take action to mitigate or eliminate hazards. Depending on the jurisdiction, EHOs may have broad job duties, including inspecting swimming pools, substandard housing conditions, shelters, public schools, daycares, nursing homes, conveyances
121:
EHOs are trained to maintain a safe and healthy environment for the public. They often require a degree and additional training and certifications, including public health inspections, policy development, emergency response, disease prevention and control, and health promotion and education. EHOs are
450:
The first
Inspector of Nuisances appointed by a UK local authority health committee was Thomas Fresh in Liverpool in 1844. The role was formalized with the passage of the Nuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention Act 1855 and the Metropolis Management Act 1855, under the title 'Sanitary Inspector'.
109:
EHOs aim to keep water, food, air, land, facilities, and other environmental attributes in compliance with local legislation. They control health hazards, including biological, chemical, or physical through the application of environmental safety law. EHOs address factors influencing human behavior
434:
Reflecting the changes in their roles and educational requirements, the titles of these professionals have evolved over the years, from inspectors of nuisances to sanitary inspectors, and then to public health inspectors or environmental health officers. This progression also mirrors
International
468:
In the United States, an example of the continued use of the title 'Inspector of
Nuisances', albeit with a different scope, is found in Section 3767 of the Ohio Revised Code. This defines the role as investigating nuisances broadly covering establishments associated with lewdness and alcohol. The
287:
During a public health emergency, such as a pandemic, they may take on crucial emergency response roles, provide public education and advice, enforce public health orders, and take necessary actions to protect public health. Likewise, they respond to other emergencies such as natural disasters by
519:
The Health Act 1911 (as amended) defines the role of 'environmental health officer' and empowers the
Executive Director, Public Health to appoint EHOs to local government health authorities and as public health officials employed by state government. The Executive Director, of Public Health is
315:: EHOs typically operate in diverse settings, including government agencies, private companies, and non-profit organizations. Their role often entails visiting various locations, such as restaurants, public facilities, and industrial sites, to ensure adherence to health and safety regulations.
628:
To become a Public Health
Inspector (PHI), applicants are required to be male, to be over 5' 2" tall, and must have passed 2 subjects from Chemistry, Physics, Agriculture, Combined mathematics, Biology with a Credit Pass for Biology or Combined Mathematics in one sitting at the G.C.E. A/L
447:"Inspector of Nuisances" was a title given to officials in various English-speaking jurisdictions, primarily associated with public health and sanitation from the mid-19th century onwards. While now considered archaic in many places, its historical significance remains notable.
508:
The current requirements to become an authorised officer under the Food Act 1984 in
Victoria are defined by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services. A range of undergraduate and graduate qualifications from Victoria, interstate and overseas are acceptable.
401:, local magistrates in England appointed two sanitary inspectors to oversee factory sanitation. These early inspectors, including a former cleric and a justice of the peace, played a crucial role in addressing the health and sanitation issues arising from industrialization.
438:
Throughout history, Environmental Health
Officers have been integral to public health, adapting their roles and expertise to meet the challenges of their times, from the spread of epidemics in Renaissance Venice to the complex public health needs of modern societies.
327:: The job can be physically demanding, requiring EHOs to spend long periods on their feet and sometimes work under challenging conditions. Handling and testing samples is also part of their duties, necessitating manual dexterity and strict adherence to safety protocols.
656:
Environmental health specialist must have a bachelor's degree in environmental health or related major, but many hold master's or doctoral degrees in environmental or occupation health. Degrees generally must be accredited by the
Council on Education for Public Health
117:
Environmental determinants of health, such as air, water, and food quality, are significant factors in a community's overall health and well-being. Inspectors play a crucial role in improving population health by reducing the incidence of disease and its consequences.
299:
The common identifier of environmental health personnel is that they are responsible for the identification, evaluation, and management of risks to human health from factors in the environment, whether on behalf of government agencies or private sector organizations.
489:(EHA) accredits Australian Environmental Health Degree and Graduate Diploma programs in accordance with the Environmental Health Australia Accreditation Policy to ensure course content meets nationally consistent requirements for practice as an EHO anywhere in
427:, was established. This marked a significant development in the professionalization of the field. Over the following decades, the role and qualifications of environmental health practitioners evolved, transforming into a graduate profession by the
267:
control), garbage complaints, noise complaints, odour complaints, or sewage overflows. Depending on their educational background and training, they can provide information and referrals concerning lead, radon, mould, and emerging diseases (e.g.,
345:: EHOs are sometimes exposed to health and safety hazards, including hazardous materials, contaminated environments, or infectious diseases. This necessitates the use of protective equipment and strict safety procedures.
333:: EHOs face the challenge of keeping up-to-date with complex regulatory frameworks and public health guidelines. Dealing with non-compliant operators or handling public health emergencies can add to the stress levels.
477:
Environmental health is a graduate career in most countries. The minimum requirements in most countries include an approved university degree program, field training, and professional certification and registration.
944:
451:
In jurisdictions with established boards of health, the title was 'Inspector of
Nuisances'. Eventually, 'Sanitary Inspector' became the standardized title across all UK local authorities. In 1900 the Australian
255:
Some EHOs are trained in communicable disease control and prevention. During a disease outbreak they may investigate and recommend/apply interventions to stop the spread of disease. They may also be trained in
593:
Entrants to the profession must have either a BAppSc Health Protection or BHSc Environmental Health. Alternatively, suitably qualified science graduates can obtain a graduate diploma in environmental health.
919:
412:, a Poor Law Commissioner, conducted an inquiry into poverty's causes, highlighting the link between poor health and bad environmental conditions. Chadwick's campaign for improved sanitation led to the
648:
Following the educational requirements and practical training period, competence must then be demonstrated through an experiential learning logbook and oral examination before registration is granted.
520:
advised by the Western Australian Environmental Health Officers Professional Review Board on graduate and postgraduate qualifications that are deemed suitable to allow environmental health practice in
465:
In the modern context, the nearest equivalent in the UK is the 'Environmental Health Officer', a title adopted following the Local Government Act 1972, on the recommendation of the Central Government.
321:: The work schedule of EHOs can be variable. While some may adhere to regular business hours, others might work evenings, weekends, or be on-call for responding to public health emergencies.
248:(e.g., cruise ships, ferries, airplanes, trains), and personal service establishments (e.g., tattoo parlors, tanning salons, beauty salons, laser hair removal facilities, barbershops).
1229:
357:: The role involves significant interaction with the public, business operators, and other stakeholders, necessitating strong communication and sometimes negotiation skills.
351:: A degree in environmental health or a related field is typically required, along with ongoing professional development to stay current with regulations and best practices.
114:
officers. They also assess and control environmental factors that can potentially affect health in order to prevent disease and create health-supportive environments.
369:: Advancement opportunities may include specialized roles, supervisory positions, or movement into related fields like policy development or environmental consulting.
462:
The job title in Britain was changed to 'Public Health Inspector' by an Act of Parliament in 1956. Similar offices hadbeen established throughout the British Empire.
1247:
456:
102:, is a person responsible for carrying out measures to protect public health, which includes the administration and enforcement of legislation related to
583:. These programs are generally four years long; however, fast-track programs are available in some schools for those who have a previous science degree.
390:. These inspectors, appointed by the Venetian Senate and later by the Council of Ten, were among the earliest forms of organized public health efforts.
612:. Following the period of professional practice, competence must then be demonstrated through an experiential learning logbook and oral examination.
629:
Examination. Trainee PHIs must undergo training for 2 years at the School of Public Health Inspectors at the National Institute of Health Sciences.
435:
Trends, as the titles and roles of environmental health officers have adapted to reflect their advanced education and expanding responsibilities.
858:
221:
EHOs are employed by local, state, or federal health departments, private sectors, military, and third-sector agencies like charities and NGOs.
675:
553:
339:: Frequent travel within their jurisdiction is common for EHOs, and they may occasionally need to travel farther for training or conferences.
308:
Environmental Health Officers (EHOs), also known as Public Health Inspectors, have working conditions characterized by a variety of factors:
638:
424:
1098:
420:
c. 63), establishing a General Board of Health and allowing local boards to correct discovered issues based on an inspector's survey.
284:(hazmat), and many hazmat responders are licensed environmental health practitioners or registered environmental health specialists.
560:
549:
in environmental health and a national professional certificate—the Certificate in Public Health Inspection (Canada) (CPHI(C)).
452:
608:. The study of environmental health in Ireland also requires students to undertake a period of professional practice with the
559:
Only six schools in Canada offer degree programs approved by CIPHI as meeting the educational requirement for certification:
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The role of environmental health officers (EHOs) has evolved significantly over the centuries, beginning as early as the
1182:
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was drawing attention of the authorities to the success of women as sanitary inspectors in England appointed by
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690:
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486:
431:. The profession's enhanced role and status were further recognized with the grant of a royal charter in 1984.
111:
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122:
responsible for preventing and addressing health risks as well as educating the community about these risks.
833:
809:
243:
Environmental Protection and Sustainability: Addressing issues related to climate change and sustainability.
1029:
761:
153:
580:
984:
869:
645:, where the profession is regulated by The Royal Environmental Health Institute of Scotland (REHIS).
363:: Many EHOs find their role satisfying, as it significantly contributes to public health and safety.
296:
Related roles include environmental health scientists, policymakers, safety inspectors, and others.
609:
110:
outside the workplace. In contrast, workplace factors, such as workplace injury, are addressed by
1005:
257:
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Private Sector and Healthcare: Roles in public health, healthcare, occupational safety, and more.
423:
In 1883, the Association of Public Sanitary Inspectors, which later became the United Kingdom's
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493:. As of 1 July 2009, there are EHA-accredited universities in every state and the
26:
685:
546:
103:
59:
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offer environmental health degrees in Western Australia which are also accredited by EHA.
240:
Occupational Health and Safety: Ensuring worker safety in both public and private sectors.
8:
669:
604:
To become an EHO, it is necessary to hold an environmental health degree approved by the
404:
The field of environmental health as we know it today can be traced back to the 1840s in
281:
494:
383:
637:
EHOs hold at least an undergraduate (or postgraduate) qualification recognized by the
386:, where a type of court of health inspectors was established to contain the spread of
895:"Becoming and Environmental Health Practitioner - Environmental Health Australia Ltd"
786:"Becoming and Environmental Health Practitioner - Environmental Health Australia Ltd"
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528:
521:
513:
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standards. However, many are employed in the private sector, the military, and other
141:
524:, and the qualifications are published from time to time in the Government Gazette.
501:
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Private Consulting Firms: Specializing in environmental health and safety services.
149:
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Public Health Organizations: Ensuring compliance with health and safety standards.
273:
269:
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409:
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859:"The Role of Environmental Health Practitioners in a Public Health Emergency"
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63:
1032:. Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington
130:
126:
32:
1099:"Environmental Scientists and Specialists: Occupational Outlook Handbook"
587:
379:
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Western Australia Environmental Health Officer Professional Review Board
144:
usually employ environmental health professionals to advise and enforce
134:
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Irish Environmental Health Officers Association (Republic of Ireland)
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277:
1141:"Public health - National Developments, 18th & 19th Centuries"
225:
Local Authorities: Enforcing health regulations at local councils.
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405:
80:
Varies by country, usually requires a degree and/or certification
228:
Government Agencies: Working in agencies like CDC's NCEH or EPA.
1285:
Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (England and Wales)
539:
264:
1162:"Environmental Health Officer Professional Advisory Committee"
965:"How to Become an Environmental Health Officer - Lead Academy"
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428:
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945:"Environmental Health Officers - U.S. Public Health Service"
204:
Environmental sampling, analysis, and results interpretation
1279:
920:"Skills and interests (environmental health professional)"
263:
They may also respond to complaints such as animal bites (
49:
Environmental health practitioner, public health inspector
288:
undertaking roles outlined in emergency response plans.
174:
Communicable disease investigations and outbreak control
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The Royal Environmental Health Institute of Scotland
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Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service
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Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service
718:
Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service
552:
Certification and registration are regulated by the
252:inspections, and homeless encampment inspections.
810:"Educational Health Professional (EHP) Definition"
1120:"Emergence of Public Health in the United States"
192:Emergency contingency planning and implementation
1321:
1305:International Federation of Environmental Health
1030:"Career pathways in Environmental Public Health"
198:Health and safety at work inspection and control
186:Housing standards/quality inspection and control
985:"What does an environmental health officer do?"
977:
164:Environmental Health Officers are involved in:
1295:Canadian Institute of Public Health Inspectors
1075:"Environmental Health Officer Job Description"
1024:
1022:
676:Canadian Institute of Public Health Inspectors
554:Canadian Institute of Public Health Inspectors
1280:New Zealand Institute of Environmental Health
1230:"Environmental health officer qualifications"
762:"Occupational Health & Safety Specialist"
171:Environmental health consulting and education
159:
1228:Services, Department of Health & Human.
957:
1019:
639:Chartered Institute of Environmental Health
425:Chartered Institute of Environmental Health
25:
1055:Master's in Public Health Degree Programs
1006:"25 Environmental Health and Safety Jobs"
866:Center for Disease Control and Prevention
442:
561:British Columbia Institute of Technology
195:Noise control and air quality monitoring
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917:
189:Infection prevention and control (IPAC)
96:environmental health practitioner (EHP)
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998:
937:
856:
500:
303:
1227:
1051:"Environmental Health Officer Roles"
708:
706:
512:
16:Person responsible for public health
624:Public Health Inspector (Sri Lanka)
168:Inspection and enforcement services
35:inspecting the contents of a cooler
13:
14:
1346:
1273:
1101:. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
703:
632:
472:
207:Community care facility licensing
1208:"Ohio Revised Code Section 3767"
857:Miller, Mark (24 October 2023).
651:
569:Concordia University of Edmonton
349:Training and Continuous Learning
291:
280:). The field also overlaps with
183:Sewage disposal systems planning
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1200:
1154:
1133:
1112:
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1067:
1043:
577:Toronto Metropolitan University
152:agencies such as charities and
1310:Environmental Health Australia
1248:"Environmental Health Officer"
1183:"WOMEN AS SANITARY INSPECTORS"
911:
887:
850:
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691:Occupational Safety and Health
641:. Similar provisions exist in
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487:Environmental Health Australia
112:Occupational Safety and Health
1:
696:
216:
154:nongovernmental organizations
1164:. U.S. Public Health Service
615:
481:
331:Mental and Emotional Demands
201:Water protection and testing
88:environmental health officer
20:Environmental health officer
7:
918:unknown (24 October 2023).
663:
177:Food safety course training
10:
1351:
621:
597:
545:EHOs must hold at least a
373:
355:Interpersonal Interactions
160:Roles and Responsibilities
125:EHOs may be familiar with
94:), also referred to as an
834:"How do I become an EHP?"
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453:National Council of Women
397:, particularly under the
140:Local, state, or federal
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610:Health Service Executive
1330:Health care occupations
924:National Health Service
258:noncommunicable disease
100:public health inspector
1234:www2.health.vic.gov.au
738:"Environmental Health"
714:"Environmental Health"
581:Université de Montréal
565:Cape Breton University
533:Edith Cowan University
443:Inspector of nuisances
414:Public Health Act 1848
31:A health inspector in
395:Industrial Revolution
106:and safety hazards.
1335:Environmental health
1210:. Cornell Law School
686:Environmental health
606:Department of Health
457:Thomas Orme Dudfield
104:environmental health
60:Environmental health
670:Chief Green Officer
282:hazardous materials
210:Quality improvement
21:
1008:. Emory University
875:on 30 October 2023
495:Northern Territory
384:Republic of Venice
367:Career Advancement
304:Working conditions
180:Community planning
142:health departments
76:Education required
19:
573:Conestoga College
547:bachelor's degree
529:Curtin University
522:Western Australia
514:Western Australia
418:11 & 12 Vict.
393:During the early
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270:West Nile virus
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