Pollution - Knowledge

2955: 1718: 2824: 1290: 2002: 1615: 8788: 1844: 11635: 8669: 1025: 1777: 1544: 2046: 3697:; Bathan, Glynda; Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan; Brauer, Michael; Caravanos, Jack; Chiles, Tom; Cohen, Aaron; Corra, Lilian; Cropper, Maureen; Ferraro, Greg; Hanna, Jill; Hanrahan, David; Hu, Howard; Hunter, David; Janata, Gloria; Kupka, Rachael; Lanphear, Bruce; Lichtveld, Maureen; Martin, Keith; Mustapha, Adetoun; Sanchez-Triana, Ernesto; Sandilya, Karti; Schaefli, Laura; Shaw, Joseph; Seddon, Jessica; Suk, William; Téllez-Rojo, Martha María; Yan, Chonghuai (June 2022). 4057: 2293: 11583: 9610: 9049: 8631: 3122: 2277: 2728: 9080: 11675: 11726: 11743: 11709: 11760: 1797:, is sometimes referred to as pollution, because raised levels of the gas in the atmosphere are affecting the Earth's climate. Disruption of the environment can also highlight the connection between areas of pollution that would normally be classified separately, such as those of water and air. Recent studies have investigated the potential for long-term rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide to cause slight but critical 11647: 8679: 1037: 4065: 86: 11607: 9092: 8660: 8652: 11692: 11595: 9598: 9068: 8644: 2261: 2614:

the dirt and smoke produced by the steel manufacturing firm. If external costs exist, such as those created by pollution, the manufacturer will choose to produce more of the product than would be produced if the manufacturer were required to pay all associated environmental costs. Because responsibility or consequence for self-directed action lies partly outside the self, an element of

50: 1808:(IPCC), representing the work of 2,500 scientists, economists, and policymakers from more than 120 countries, confirmed that humans have been the primary cause of global warming since 1950. Humans have ways to cut greenhouse gas emissions and avoid the consequences of global warming, a major climate report concluded. But to change the climate, the transition from 2622:, less of the good may be produced than would be the case if the producer were to receive payment for the external benefits to others. Goods and services that involve negative externalities in production, such as those that produce pollution, tend to be overproduced and underpriced since the externality is not being priced into the market. 1548: 1546: 2859:) from air pollution in 2015 at 2.9 years (substantially more than, for example, 0.3 years from all forms of direct violence), it also indicated that a significant fraction of the LLE is unavoidable in terms of current economical-technological feasibility such as aeolian dust and wildfire emission control. 6302:

Akhtar, Muhammad Furqan; Ashraf, Muhammad; Javeed, Aqeel; Anjum, Aftab Ahmad; Sharif, Ali; Saleem, Mohammad; Mustafa, Ghulam; Ashraf, Moneeb; Saleem, Ammara; Akhtar, Bushra (28 February 2018). "Association of textile industry effluent with mutagenicity and its toxic health implications upon acute and

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concluded that energy-related fossil fuel emissions in the United States cause 46,900–59,400 premature deaths each year and PM2.5-related illness and death costs the nation $ 537–$ 678 billion annually. In the US, deaths caused by coal pollution were highest in 1999, but decreased sharply after 2007.

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government brought in its scientists, engineers, and urban planners to not only solve the deficiencies, but to forge Berlin as the world's model city. A British expert in 1906 concluded that Berlin represented "the most complete application of science, order and method of public life," adding "it is

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The health impacts of pollution have both direct and lasting social consequences. A 2021 study found that exposure to pollution causes an increase in violent crime. A 2019 paper linked pollution to adverse school outcomes for children. A number of studies show that pollution has an adverse effect on

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alone because of air pollution. China's high smog levels can damage the human body and cause various diseases. In 2019, air pollution caused 1.67 million deaths in India (17.8% of total deaths nationally). Studies have estimated that the number of people killed annually in the United States could be

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are the source of many chemical substances entering the soil environment (and often groundwater), emanating from the wide variety of refuse accepted, especially substances illegally discarded there, or from pre-1970 landfills that may have been subject to little control in the U.S. or EU. There have

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and now threaten entire ecosystems around the world. Pollutants frequently have outsized impacts on vulnerable populations, such as children and the elderly, and marginalized communities, because polluting industries and toxic waste sites tend to be collocated with populations with less economic and

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in production. A negative externality in production occurs "when a firm's production reduces the well-being of others who are not compensated by the firm." For example, if a laundry firm exists near a polluting steel manufacturing firm, there will be increased costs for the laundry firm because of

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Water pollution, caused by the discharge of industrial wastewater from commercial and industrial waste (intentionally or through spills) into surface waters; discharges of untreated sewage and chemical contaminants, such as chlorine, from treated sewage; and releases of waste and contaminants into

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Plastic pollution is choking our oceans by making plastic gyres, entangling marine animals, poisoning our food and water supply, and ultimately inflicting havoc on the health and well-being of humans and wildlife globally. With the exception of a small amount that has been incinerating, virtually

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Waste-water from the houses collected in the gutters running alongside the curbs and emitted a truly fearsome smell. There were no public toilets in the streets or squares. Visitors, especially women, often became desperate when nature called. In the public buildings the sanitary facilities were

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Chlorinated hydrocarbons (CFH), heavy metals (such as chromium, cadmium – found in rechargeable batteries, and lead – found in lead paint, aviation fuel, and even in certain countries, gasoline), MTBE, zinc, arsenic, and benzene are some of the most frequent soil contaminants. A series of press

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from pollution; otherwise, there would be no incentive to pollute. This utility may come from the consumption of goods and services that inherently create pollution (albeit the level can vary) or lower prices or lower required efforts (or inconvenience) to abandon or substitute these goods and

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defines pollution as "Any substances in water, soil, or air that degrade the natural quality of the environment, offend the senses of sight, taste, or smell, or cause a health hazard. The usefulness of the natural resource is usually impaired by the presence of pollutants and contaminants." In

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Because of the impacts of these chemicals, local and international countries' policy have increasingly sought to regulate pollutants, resulting in increasing air and water quality standards, alongside regulation of specific waste streams. Regional and national policy is typically supervised by

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Pollution affects humans in every part of the world. An October 2017 study by the Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health found that global pollution, specifically toxic air, water, soil and workplaces, kills nine million people annually, which is triple the number of deaths caused by AIDS,

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Pollution can also occur as a result of natural disasters. Hurricanes, for example, frequently result in sewage contamination and petrochemical spills from burst boats or automobiles. When coastal oil rigs or refineries are involved, larger-scale and environmental damage is not unusual. When

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which can cause large economic problems. The problem usually occurs when there is no division of ownership rights. This means that the problem of pollution is largely caused because of incomplete information about which company pollutes and at what scale the damage was caused by the

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Behera, Meerambika; Nayak, Jayato; Banerjee, Shirsendu; Chakrabortty, Sankha; Tripathy, Suraj K. (1 August 2021). "A review on the treatment of textile industry waste effluents towards the development of efficient mitigation strategy: An integrated system design approach".

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in 1984 have demonstrated the universality of such events and the scale on which efforts to address them needed to engage. The borderless nature of atmosphere and oceans inevitably resulted in the implication of pollution on a planetary level with the issue of

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among others. Though their effects remain somewhat less well understood owing to a lack of experimental data, they have been detected in various ecological habitats far removed from industrial activity such as the Arctic, demonstrating diffusion and

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Pollution can also create costs for the firms producing the pollution. Sometimes firms choose, or are forced by regulation, to reduce the amount of pollution that they are producing. The associated costs of doing this are called abatement costs, or

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to determine which level of pollution is deemed the social optimum. For economists, pollution is an "external cost and occurs only when one or more individuals suffer a loss of welfare". There is a socially optimal level of pollution at which

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from the adverse effects of pollution, many nations worldwide have enacted legislation to regulate various types of pollution as well as to mitigate the adverse effects of pollution. At the local level, regulation usually is supervised by

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took issue with air pollution caused by coal burning, water pollution caused by bad sanitation, and street pollution caused by the three million horses who worked in American cities in 1900, generating large quantities of urine and

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intersect gives the socially optimal level of pollution. At this point, the quantity will be lower and the price will be higher in comparison to the free market equilibrium. Therefore, the free market outcome could be considered a

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reports published in 2001, culminating in the publication of the book Fateful Harvest, revealed a widespread practise of recycling industrial leftovers into fertilizer, resulting in metal poisoning of the soil. Ordinary municipal

2642:, an international non-for-profit organization dedicated to eliminating life-threatening pollution in the developing world, issues an annual list of some of the world's most polluting industries. Below is the list for 2016: 2759:, causing "carcinogenic, mutagenic, genotoxic, cytotoxic and allergenic threats to living organisms". The textile industry uses over 8000 chemicals in its supply chain, also polluting the environment with large amounts of 2204:

The modern environmental regulatory environment has its origins in the United States with the beginning of industrial regulations around Air and Water pollution connected to industry and mining during the 1960s and 1970s.

1216:, having systematic impact on social and economic systems. In 2019, pollution killed approximately nine million people worldwide (about one in six deaths that year); about three-quarters of these deaths were caused by 1545: 3094:

from atomic warfare and testing. Then a non-nuclear event – the Great Smog of 1952 in London – killed at least 4000 people. This prompted some of the first major modern environmental legislation: the

11393: 6547: 1576:, which are capable of killing humans at concentrations of less than 1 part per thousand. Volcanic emissions also include fine and ultrafine particles which may contain toxic chemicals and substances such as 3750:; Bathan, Glynda; Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan; Brauer, Michael; Caravanos, Jack; Chiles, Tom; Cohen, Aaron; Corra, Lilian; Cropper, Maureen; Ferraro, Greg; Hanna, Jill; Hanrahan, David; Hu, Howard (17 May 2022). 1918:. In 2013 over 10 million people in India fell ill with waterborne illnesses in 2013, and 1,535 people died, most of them children. As of 2007, nearly 500 million Chinese lack access to safe drinking water. 10358: 10203: 5242:; Bathan, Glynda; Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan; Brauer, Michael; Caravanos, Jack; Chiles, Tom; Cohen, Aaron; Corra, Lilian; Cropper, Maureen; Ferraro, Greg; Hanna, Jill; Hanrahan, David; Hu, Howard (June 2022). 1381:

form, such as radio and television transmissions, Wi-fi etc. Although there is no demonstrable effect on humans there can be interference with radio-astronomy and effects on safety systems of aircraft and

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tuberculosis and malaria combined, and 15 times higher than deaths caused by wars and other forms of human violence. The study concluded that "pollution is one of the great existential challenges of the

10316: 10111: 5071:; Mathur, Prashant; Dey, Sagnik; Turkgulu, Burak; Kumar, G Anil; Khare, Mukesh; Beig, Gufran; Gupta, Tarun; Krishnankutty, Rinu P; Causey, Kate; Cohen, Aaron J; Bhargava, Stuti (21 December 2020). 7239:

Falchi, Fabio; Cinzano, Pierantonio; Duriscoe, Dan; Kyba, Christopher C. M.; Elvidge, Christopher D.; Baugh, Kimberly; Portnov, Boris A.; Rybnikova, Nataliya A.; Furgoni, Riccardo (1 June 2016).

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Kishor, Roop; Purchase, Diane; Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya; Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh; Ferreira, Luiz Fernando Romanholo; Bilal, Muhammad; Chandra, Ram; Bharagava, Ram Naresh (1 April 2021).

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If the social costs of pollution are higher than the private costs incurred by the firm, then the true supply curve will be higher. The point at which the social marginal cost and market

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Madhav, Sughosh; Ahamad, Arif; Singh, Pardeep; Mishra, Pradeep Kumar (March 2018). "A review of textile industry: Wet processing, environmental impacts, and effluent treatment methods".

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Moreover, the feasibility of pollution reduction rates could also be a factor of calculating optimal levels. While a study puts the global mean loss of life expectancy (LLE; similar to

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considers pollution to be the "presence of substances and heat in environmental media (air, water, land) whose nature, location, or quantity produces undesirable environmental effects."

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in 1272, after its smoke became a problem; the fuel was so common in England that this earliest of names for it was acquired because it could be carted away from some shores by the

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could exist for hundreds or even thousands of years. If plastic production is not circumscribed, plastic pollution will be disastrous and will eventually outweigh fish in oceans.

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that many or most market-driven companies use despite "eco-friendly alternatives". Textile industry wastewater is considered to be one the largest polluters of water and soil

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flowing to surface waters (including urban runoff and agricultural runoff, which may contain chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as human feces from open defecation).

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Pollution introduced by light at night is becoming a global problem, more severe in urban centres, but nonetheless contaminating also large territories, far away from towns.

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every piece of plastic that was ever made in the past still exists in one form or another. And since most of the plastics do not biodegrade in any meaningful sense, all that

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services. Therefore, it is important that policymakers attempt to balance these indirect benefits with the costs of pollution in order to achieve an efficient outcome.

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were the first two American cities to enact laws ensuring cleaner air in 1881. Pollution became a major issue in the United States in the early twentieth century, as

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Friedman, Sharon M. (2011). "Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima: An analysis of traditional and new media coverage of nuclear accidents and radiation".

2940:" found on ceilings of prehistoric caves provides ample evidence of the high levels of pollution that was associated with inadequate ventilation of open fires." 2193:

about pollution. Historically, polluters will lobby governments in less economically developed areas or countries to maintain lax regulation in order to protect

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is an issue, for example, over 732 million Indians (56% of the population) and over 92 million Ethiopians (92.9% of the population) do not have access to basic

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Maji, Kamal Jyoti; Arora, Mohit; Dikshit, Anil Kumar (1 April 2017). "Burden of disease attributed to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in 190 cities in China".

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Trejos, Erika M.; Silva, Luis F. O.; Hower, James C.; Flores, Eriko M. M.; González, Carlos Mario; Pachón, Jorge E.; Aristizábal, Beatriz H. (1 March 2021).

2228: 1598:, are also a significant source of air pollution. Wildfire smoke contains significant quantities of both carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, which can cause 3665: 9632: 4451: 3922: 3277:. It and other garbage patches contain debris that can trsonport invasive species and that can entangle and be ingested by wildlife. Organizations such as 2986:

It was the Industrial Revolution that gave birth to environmental pollution as we know it today. London also recorded one of the earlier extreme cases of

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that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light).

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like coal and oil needs to occur within decades, according to the final report this year from the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

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Air pollution would continue to be a problem in England, especially later during the industrial revolution, and extending into the recent past with the

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Data sources: Markandya & Wilkinson (2007); UNSCEAR (2008; 2018); Sovacool et al. (2016); IPCC AR5 (2014); Pehl et al. (2017); Ember Energy (2021).

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Li, Teng; Liu, Haoming; Salvo, Alberto (29 May 2015). "Severe Air Pollution and Labor Productivity". Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network.

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if measured by each additional unit. In 2005 pollution abatement capital expenditures and operating costs in the US amounted to nearly $ 27 billion.

10281: 9680: 9675: 7369:– tracks how much waste US companies release into the water and air. Gives permits for releasing specific quantities of these pollutants each year. 6719: 6669: 1754:

accidents occur, some pollution sources, such as nuclear power stations or oil ships, can create extensive and potentially catastrophic emissions.

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Because many of pollutants have trans-boundary impacts, the UN and other treaty bodies have been used to regulate pollutants that circulate as

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Hong, Sungmin; et al. (1996). "History of Ancient Copper Smelting Pollution During Roman and Medieval Times Recorded in Greenland Ice".

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Other cities followed around the country until early in the 20th century, when the short lived Office of Air Pollution was created under the

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impose health and clean-up costs on the whole of society. A manufacturing activity that causes air pollution is an example of a negative

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could be developed and enforced to control pollution. A review concluded that there is a lack of attention and action such as work on a

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The burning of coal and wood, and the presence of many horses in concentrated areas made the cities the primary sources of pollution.

10131: 10057: 9730: 8998: 6040: 5157:"Nationwide and Regional PM2.5-Related Air Quality Health Benefits From the Removal of Energy-Related Emissions in the United States" 1805: 17: 4210:

Ahmed, Jebin; Thakur, Abhijeet; Goyal, Arun (2021), Shah, Maulin P (ed.), "CHAPTER 1. Industrial Wastewater and Its Toxic Effects",

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Pollution began to draw major public attention in the United States between the mid-1950s and early 1970s, when Congress passed the

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are generated each year. The United States alone produces about 250 million metric tons. Americans constitute less than 5% of the

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Dr A. Shadwell (Industrial Efficiency, London, 1906) describes it as representing "the most complete application of science.... "

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era. Pollution endangers the stability of the Earth's support systems and threatens the continuing survival of human societies."

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far exceeded viability of neighborhoods to handle their waste problem. Reformers began to demand sewer systems and clean water.

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world of mostly free market dominated socioeconomic systems. Chemically polluted textile wastewater degrades the quality of the

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unbelievably primitive....As a metropolis, Berlin did not emerge from a state of barbarism into civilization until after 1870.

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pose a lingering specter of public mistrust. Worldwide publicity has been intense on those disasters. Widespread support for

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Although environmental pollution can be caused by natural events, the word pollution generally implies that the contaminants

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appears to be a key turning point in the creation of significant air pollution levels outside the home. Core samples of

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is maximized. This is because consumers derive utility from the good or service manufactured, which will outweigh the

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Nimkar, Ullhas (1 February 2018). "Sustainable chemistry: A solution to the textile industry in a developing world".

4844: 3342: 3115: 825: 730: 38: 6391:"Pollution characteristics and fate of microfibers in the wastewater from textile dyeing wastewater treatment plant" 1886: 9178: 9008: 8582: 7352: 1747: 6733:

Lelieveld, Jos; Pozzer, Andrea; Pöschl, Ulrich; Fnais, Mohammed; Haines, Andy; Münzel, Thomas (1 September 2020).

4113: 11144: 10772: 10749: 10140: 10121: 9984: 9573: 9507: 9024: 8328: 8065: 7455: 7384: 7375:– Top 20 pollutants, how they affect people, what US industries use them and the products in which they are found 7032: 3498: 3451: 3300: 2790: 2556: 2531: 1969:

have been shown to cause neurological problems, intellectual disabilities and behavioural problems. Chemical and

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Growing evidence of local and global pollution and an increasingly informed public over time have given rise to

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Outdoor air pollution attributable to fossil fuel use alone causes ~3.61 million deaths annually, making it one

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says that the meat and dairy industries are poised to surpass the oil industry as the world's worst polluters.

1739: 1717: 1352: 1226: 7324: 1095:, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. 11611: 11251: 11022: 10136: 9783: 8988: 8663: 8638: 7943: 7328: 5363: 5073:"Health and economic impact of air pollution in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019" 4873: 3800: 3503: 3161: 3107: 2948: 1880: 1707: 1652:, and Japan are the world leaders in air pollution emissions. Principal stationary pollution sources include 1258: 1005: 455: 11681: 5213:"Particulate pollution from coal associated with double the risk of mortality than PM2.5 from other sources" 3144:

on consumption of its fish in 1974. National news stories in the late 1970s – especially the long-term

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of pollution until a certain point. At this point the damage of one extra unit of pollution to society, the

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to commit to achieving zero discharges of hazardous chemicals by 2020 (global goal) appears to have failed.

1961:. Those with heart or lung disorders are at additional risk. Children and infants are also at serious risk. 11116: 10843: 10375: 10370: 8114: 7863: 7843: 7595: 7121:

Lenssen, "Nuclear Waste: The Problem that Won't Go Away", Worldwatch Institute, Washington, D.C., 1991: 15.

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and the large volume of industrial chemical discharges added to the growing load of untreated human waste.

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change in natural water bodies caused by human influence, such as use of water as coolant in a power plant.

1483: 1162: 543: 395: 370: 165: 6170:"A review on the sustainability of textile industries wastewater with and without treatment methodologies" 6122:

Niinimäki, Kirsi; Peters, Greg; Dahlbo, Helena; Perry, Patsy; Rissanen, Timo; Gwilt, Alison (April 2020).

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Beychok, Milton R. (January 1987). "A data base for dioxin and furan emissions from refuse incinerators".

3090:. Awareness of atmospheric pollution spread widely after World War II, with fears triggered by reports of 3043:

The emergence of great factories and consumption of immense quantities of coal gave rise to unprecedented

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This model can be used as a basis to evaluate different methods of internalizing the externality, such as

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World Resources Institute: August 2008 Monthly Update: Air Pollution's Causes, Consequences and Solutions

3270: 3192: 2509: 2005: 1503: 1402:: the criminal throwing of inappropriate man-made objects, unremoved, onto public and private properties. 654: 405: 11749: 6541:

Lelieveld, J.; Klingmüller, K.; Pozzer, A.; Burnett, R. T.; Haines, A.; Ramanathan, V. (25 March 2019).

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and has been identified in one review as the industry sector producing the largest amount of pollution.

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and the Algalita Marine Research Foundation have researched the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and found

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a marvel of civic administration, the most modern and most perfectly organized city that there is."

2219:. Early international agreements were successful at addressing Global Environmental issues, such as 11293: 10992: 10704: 10600: 9334: 9123: 8917: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8345: 7868: 7809: 7720: 7348: 7214: 5735:"Low-cost air, noise, and light pollution measuring station with wireless communication and tinyML" 5733:

Botero-Valencia, J.S.; Barrantes-Toro, C.; Marquez-Viloria, D.; Pearce, Joshua M. (December 2023).

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Englande, A.J.; Krenkel, Peter; Shamas, J. (2015), "Wastewater Treatment &Water Reclamation☆",

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Acute exposure to certain pollutants can have short and long term effects. Oil spills can cause

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occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground leakage. Among the most significant

1230: 1220:. A 2022 literature review found that levels of anthropogenic chemical pollution have exceeded 1119: 1115: 948: 435: 9624: 6790:

Spengler, John D.; Sexton, K. A. (1983). "Indoor Air Pollution: A Public Health Perspective".

6543:"Effects of fossil fuel and total anthropogenic emission removal on public health and climate" 5552: 4032: 1826: 1269:

Various definitions of pollution exist, which may or may not recognize certain types, such as

1161:

in the later half of the 20th century. Sites where historically polluting industries released

11544: 11328: 10863: 10764: 10657: 10506: 10308: 9512: 9376: 9215: 8851: 8723: 8486: 8318: 8194: 8102: 7792: 7685: 7485: 7001: 6096:"Meat and dairy companies to surpass oil industry as world's biggest polluters, report finds" 5560: 5349: 4591: 3533: 3468: 2767: 2752: 2656: 2646: 2494: 2382: 2362: 2095: 1692: 1519: 918: 760: 626: 538: 235: 7083: 6973:. Vol. 03 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 785–791, see page 786. 6881: 5784:"Low cost air pollution monitoring systems: A review of protocols and enabling technologies" 5589:"The Effect of Pollution on Worker Productivity: Evidence from Call Center Workers in China" 4859:(graph on Mongabay website page based on Energy Information Administration's tabulated data) 1838: 11519: 11303: 11168: 11134: 11082: 10907: 10902: 10848: 10804: 10694: 10632: 10521: 10516: 9542: 9497: 9465: 9460: 9386: 9361: 9317: 8839: 8824: 8819: 8293: 7948: 7644: 7366: 7264: 7140: 6846: 6801: 6556: 5699: 5687: 5447:"Does Pollution Drive Achievement? The Effect of Traffic Pollution on Academic Performance" 5239: 5168: 5068: 5017: 4734: 4282: 3874: 3747: 3694: 3573: 3337: 3327: 3322: 3184: 3080: 2951:

indicate increases in pollution associated with Greek, Roman, and Chinese metal production.

2639: 2615: 2548: 2269: 2198: 2186: 2182: 2022: 1911: 1289: 1242: 1221: 1213: 460: 193: 5389: 5155:

Mailloux, Nicholas A.; Abel, David W.; Holloway, Tracey; Patz, Jonathan A. (16 May 2022).

4856: 8: 11732: 11529: 11524: 11298: 11097: 11087: 10922: 10531: 10365: 9613: 9391: 9222: 9173: 9116: 8912: 8737: 8360: 8298: 8265: 8204: 8136: 8001: 7996: 7974: 7548: 6515: 3157: 3091: 2963: 2477: 2062: 2001: 1934: 1864: 1798: 1143: 1088: 795: 740: 705: 631: 558: 508: 503: 488: 145: 7268: 7144: 6850: 6805: 6560: 6066: 5759: 5734: 5703: 5172: 5021: 4738: 4286: 3878: 3638:

Gaur, Nidhi; Sharma, Swati; Yadav, Nitin (2024). "Chapter 2 - Environmental pollution".

11785: 11639: 11151: 10734: 10583: 10096: 9925: 9517: 9455: 9243: 9232: 9210: 9205: 9194: 9084: 8967: 8673: 8634: 8567: 8542: 8537: 8355: 8232: 8026: 7898: 7662: 7533: 7460: 7397: 7293: 7254: 7240: 7156: 6862: 6767: 6734: 6713: 6663: 6592: 6579: 6542: 6472: 6428: 6336: 6284: 6207: 5668: 5640: 5621: 5524: 5491: 5472: 5427: 5189: 5156: 5105: 5049: 4986: 4816: 4760: 4318: 4196: 4177: 3992: 3895: 3862: 3728: 3647: 3428: 3274: 3218: 3096: 3087: 2415: 2336: 2216: 2119: 1677: 1437: 1328: 1190: 1029: 790: 666: 428: 210: 150: 120: 67: 6959: 5641:"Severe Air Pollution and Labor Productivity: Evidence from Industrial Towns in China" 5260: 5243: 5088: 4371: 3768: 3751: 3715: 3698: 3612: 11313: 11308: 11236: 11185: 10959: 10939: 10927: 10887: 10858: 10826: 10744: 10637: 10605: 10501: 9492: 9366: 9259: 9168: 9079: 8927: 8562: 8422: 8242: 8151: 8119: 8036: 7989: 7916: 7888: 7657: 7652: 7450: 7298: 7280: 7160: 7007: 6866: 6837: 6817: 6792: 6772: 6754: 6701: 6691: 6651: 6641: 6584: 6476: 6464: 6420: 6412: 6371: 6328: 6320: 6288: 6276: 6199: 6191: 6143: 5997: 5987: 5964: 5954: 5828: 5803: 5764: 5715: 5660: 5613: 5548: 5529: 5511: 5476: 5431: 5419: 5273: 5265: 5194: 5110: 5092: 5041: 5033: 4820: 4808: 4746: 4606: 4516: 4506: 4445: 4322: 4310: 4225: 4181: 3978: 3900: 3781: 3773: 3732: 3720: 3553: 3409: 3103: 3003: 2925: 2895: 2744: 2686: 2666: 2370: 2316: 2220: 2194: 2190: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1622:

use (areas of rectangles in chart) greatly exceed those resulting from production of

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long after the source of the pollution is stopped. Major forms of pollution include

11478: 11231: 11190: 11002: 10977: 10789: 10719: 10563: 10439: 9667: 9568: 9563: 9349: 9344: 9227: 9183: 8972: 8962: 8957: 8947: 8932: 8506: 8407: 8365: 8333: 8227: 8181: 8141: 8048: 8016: 7984: 7969: 7953: 7928: 7713: 7667: 7288: 7272: 7245: 7148: 6854: 6809: 6762: 6746: 6574: 6564: 6456: 6402: 6363: 6340: 6312: 6268: 6234: 6181: 6135: 5795: 5754: 5746: 5707: 5652: 5625: 5603: 5519: 5503: 5462: 5454: 5409: 5401: 5255: 5184: 5176: 5100: 5084: 5025: 4798: 4742: 4681:

Ranking of the world's countries by 2008 per capita fossil-fuel CO2 emission rates.

4300: 4290: 4215: 4191: 4173: 4148: 3890: 3882: 3763: 3710: 3643: 3478: 3317: 3292: 3036: 2911: 2849: 2766:

A campaign of big clothing brands like Nike, Adidas and Puma to voluntarily reform

2736: 2671: 2594: 2537: 2526: 2455: 2340: 2281: 2083: 2032: 1876: 1623: 1595: 1573: 1499: 1441: 1417: 1336: 1206: 1166: 1111: 938: 835: 775: 661: 614: 563: 523: 498: 483: 465: 440: 380: 265: 215: 6389:

Xu, Xia; Hou, Qingtong; Xue, Yingang; Jian, Yun; Wang, LiPing (20 November 2018).

5732: 4932: 4904:

Submitted by Matt Kallman on Wed, 20 August 2008 18:22. Retrieved on 17 April 2009

4626: 4474: 1879:. A 2010 analysis estimated that 1.2 million people died prematurely each year in 11539: 11241: 11044: 11037: 10972: 10912: 10794: 10784: 10714: 10687: 10672: 10627: 10617: 10568: 10250: 10009: 9578: 9339: 8891: 8812: 8742: 8370: 8280: 8246: 8131: 8085: 8011: 7938: 7858: 7761: 7703: 7558: 6858: 6100: 5822: 4939: 4920: 4901: 4840: 4687: 4602: 4553: 4396: 3616: 3563: 3460: 3263: 3241: 3198: 3111: 3056: 2751:. The pollution comes from the type of conduct of chemical treatments used e.g., 2748: 2681: 2582: 2374: 2328: 2248: 2212: 1903: 1899: 1891:

The number dropped by about 95% by 2020, as coal plants have been closed or have

1688: 1405: 1385: 1320: 1270: 1202: 1182: 1174: 723: 683: 553: 518: 450: 390: 318: 255: 155: 8787: 7104:

Judith A. Layzer, "Love Canal: hazardous waste and politics of fear" in Layzer,

6367: 6168:

Pattnaik, Punyasloka; Dangayach, G. S.; Bhardwaj, Awadhesh Kumar (1 June 2018).

5072: 4680: 4220: 4153: 3035:

The primitive conditions were intolerable for a world national capital, and the

2251:

monitor pollution with an expanding list of low-cost pollution monitoring tools.

1552:

Air pollution produced by ships may alter clouds, affecting global temperatures.

1434:

in the environment that adversely affects wildlife, wildlife habitat, or humans.

1225:

political power. This outsized impact is a core reason for the formation of the

11651: 11226: 11012: 10949: 10934: 10917: 10875: 10677: 10558: 9583: 9034: 9029: 8683: 8417: 8303: 8260: 8254: 8250: 8095: 8080: 8031: 8021: 7933: 7787: 7543: 7514: 6548:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

6460: 6272: 5848: 4363: 3863:"Outside the Safe Operating Space of the Planetary Boundary for Novel Entities" 3558: 3528: 3483: 3414: 3374: 3246: 3153: 2876: 2589: 2543: 2467: 2462: 2297: 2236: 2140: 2136: 2115: 2101: 2077: 2073: 2058: 1962: 1830: 1794: 1790: 1696: 1681: 1653: 1561: 1531: 1475: 1413: 1332: 1324: 1297: 1283: 1274: 1041: 845: 745: 700: 693: 688: 445: 140: 6316: 6139: 5799: 5750: 5388:

Herrnstadt, Evan; Heyes, Anthony; Muehlegger, Erich; Saberian, Soodeh (2021).

5029: 4894: 4803: 4336: 4295: 4270: 3832:"Global pollution kills 9m a year and threatens 'survival of human societies'" 3187:

as the "most polluted spot" on earth – served as a disposal site for the

2862:

In markets with pollution, or other negative externalities in production, the

1843: 1606:

are found within wildfire smoke as well, which pose a health risk to animals.

11779: 11634: 11534: 11413: 11221: 11195: 11072: 11032: 10997: 10987: 10967: 10709: 10667: 10642: 10590: 10578: 10573: 10482: 9322: 9271: 8896: 8757: 8668: 8437: 8338: 8124: 8053: 7825: 7573: 7437: 7284: 7152: 6964: 6758: 6705: 6468: 6416: 6375: 6324: 6280: 6195: 6147: 6001: 5968: 5912: 5879:

Management of Water Discharges: Design and Operations of Oil–Water Separators

5807: 5719: 5664: 5617: 5515: 5423: 5269: 5096: 5037: 4812: 4314: 4125: 3777: 3661: 3583: 3473: 3385: 3282: 3210: 3206: 3180: 3169: 3044: 2987: 2921: 2887: 2845: 2760: 2691: 2661: 2619: 2606: 2440: 2285: 2208: 2040: 1847:

Overview of main health effects on humans from some common types of pollution

1759: 1669: 1665: 1479: 1431: 1409: 1312: 1217: 1170: 1139: 1103: 1024: 860: 350: 345: 340: 98: 7334: 6906: 6813: 6655: 6569: 6186: 6169: 5390:"Air Pollution and Criminal Activity: Microgeographic Evidence from Chicago" 3886: 3179:, which can remain lethally radioactive for hundreds of thousands of years. 3164:

legislation of 1980. The pollution of industrial land gave rise to the name

2392:

aiming to reduce pollution was agreed during an international conference in

2125:

Soil can become infertile and unsuitable for plants. This will affect other

1776: 11554: 10982: 10831: 10821: 10799: 10729: 10622: 10536: 9371: 8952: 8881: 8772: 8458: 8432: 8412: 8236: 8199: 8163: 7799: 7746: 7622: 7578: 7563: 7492: 7302: 7276: 6776: 6588: 6424: 6332: 6203: 5930: 5768: 5533: 5507: 5277: 5198: 5114: 5045: 3904: 3836: 3805: 3785: 3724: 3578: 3368: 3258: 3188: 3137: 3014: 2995: 2519: 2348: 2114:

and haze can reduce the amount of sunlight received by plants to carry out

2087: 2036: 1981: 1930: 1853: 1809: 1661: 1657: 1603: 1523: 1515: 1449: 1393: 1378: 1316: 1305: 1234: 1107: 893: 855: 840: 671: 636: 581: 300: 160: 11715: 7175:

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Background and Current Developments

6821: 6750: 4933:

Pennsylvania State University > Potential Health Effects of Pesticides.

2967: 2284:, decomposes hazard gases from industrial air streams at a factory in the 11549: 11246: 10944: 10853: 10816: 9824: 9254: 8395: 8390: 8075: 8070: 8041: 8006: 7979: 7509: 7028: 6611:"18.1 Maximizing the Net Benefits of Pollution | Principles of Economics" 6407: 6390: 5656: 5608: 5587:

Neidell, Matthew; Gross, Tal; Graff Zivin, Joshua; Chang, Tom Y. (2019).

5405: 5180: 4923:

By Patricia L. Meinhardt, MD, MPH, MA, Author. Retrieved on 16 April 2009

3548: 3233: 3069: 2991: 2975: 2863: 2841: 2776: 2610: 2514: 2265: 2091: 2045: 1970: 1966: 1860: 1619: 1599: 1569: 1493: 1445: 1348: 1250: 1084: 815: 513: 493: 130: 8692: 5588: 5414: 4271:"Volcanic emissions and atmospheric pollution: A study of nanoparticles" 4245:"Volcanic gases can be harmful to health, vegetation and infrastructure" 3948:"Targeting minority, low-income neighborhoods for hazardous waste sites" 3079:. Extreme smog events were experienced by the cities of Los Angeles and 2292: 2239:

in 1997 which initiated collaboration on addressing greenhouse gases to

1304:

The major forms of pollution are listed below along with the particular

1153:

during the 19th and 20th centuries until the emergence of environmental

11175: 10897: 10068: 9139: 8572: 8189: 7504: 7497: 7480: 7465: 7372: 6238: 5467: 5328: 5321:"Over 1,500 lives lost to diarrhoea in 2013, delay in treatment blamed" 4467:"Top 20 Emitting Countries by Total Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions for 2009" 3923:"Chemical pollution has passed safe limit for humanity, say scientists" 3666:"Pollution killing 9 million people a year, Africa hardest hit - study" 3488: 3398: 3165: 3149: 3121: 3052: 2891: 2450: 2445: 2276: 2105: 1974: 1922: 1915: 1461: 1457: 1356: 1254: 1154: 865: 621: 125: 6999: 5711: 4305: 2727: 1680:

factories, metals production factories, plastics factories, and other

11273: 11092: 10543: 9309: 8937: 8807: 8767: 8762: 8501: 8453: 8427: 8375: 8209: 8171: 7921: 7911: 7583: 7445: 4958: 4787:"Pervasive Pollution Problems Caused by Plastics and its Degradation" 4416: 4367: 3538: 2756: 2566: 2405: 2366: 2320: 2144: 1954: 1892: 1863:

can kill many organisms, including humans. Ozone pollution can cause

1565: 1399: 1092: 933: 888: 850: 800: 735: 641: 105: 11766: 5446: 5127: 2827:

A visual comparison of the free market and socially optimal outcomes

2021:

found that levels of anthropogenic chemical pollution have exceeded

11139: 10892: 10526: 10496: 9819: 9381: 9304: 9265: 8146: 8090: 7751: 7600: 7568: 7360:– manages Superfund sites and the pollutants in them (CERCLA). Map 7259: 7109: 5458: 3613:"Pollution – Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary" 3237: 3202: 3018: 2775:

The textile industry also creates a lot of pollution that leads to

2676: 2489: 2301: 2130: 2126: 1734: 1722: 1591: 1511: 305: 5873: 5824:

Sustainable Solid Waste Management: A Systems Engineering Approach

3973:

Schlosberg, David (2002). Light, Andrew; De-Shalit, Avner (eds.).

2866:

equilibrium will not account for the costs of pollution on society

10811: 8876: 8871: 8802: 8747: 8107: 7610: 7588: 7475: 7470: 6540: 6491:"Destination Zero: seven years of Detoxing the clothing industry" 5387: 5237: 3745: 3692: 3420:

List of least polluted cities by particulate matter concentration

3278: 3195:, Russia, is considered the "Most polluted place on the planet". 3048: 2944: 2837: 2816: 2428: 1577: 1557: 1123: 85: 10451: 10271:

Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies

7357: 5849:"New UN framework to protect environment from harmful chemicals" 4520: 1710:

overtook the United States as the world's biggest producer of CO

11106: 10165: 9654: 9286: 8511: 8491: 8385: 8060: 7553: 6640:. Turner, R. Kerry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 6516:"Greenpeace Calls Out Nike, Adidas and Puma for Toxic Clothing" 6445: 5066: 4914:

waterhealthconnection.org Overview of Waterborne Disease Trends

4400: 4019:

Defining Environmental Justice: Theories, Movements, and Nature

3688: 3686: 3493: 3126: 3061: 3010: 2971: 2883: 2871: 2696: 2652: 2378: 2354: 2305: 2155: 1977: 1907: 1872: 1568:, sulfur dioxides, which are harmful to animals and damage the 1178: 1158: 943: 923: 830: 820: 528: 57: 53: 37:"Environmental pollution" redirects here. For the journal, see 6251: 2260: 11657: 11268: 9108: 8521: 8463: 7804: 7736: 7634: 7526: 6958: 3132:

Severe incidents of pollution helped increase consciousness.

2924:

has always accompanied civilizations. Pollution started from

2707: 2410: 2324: 2011:

Pollution has been found to be present widely in the natural

1726: 1703: 1556:

One of the most significant natural sources of pollution are

1421: 1340: 953: 898: 290: 7389: 6690:. Wells, Robin. (3rd ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. 5586: 4432:. 11 April 2007. Archived from the original on 11 April 2007 4170:

Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences

3683: 2108:

land which can change the species composition of ecosystems.

2065:, the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans as CO 1122:(coming from a highly concentrated specific site, such as a 11394:

Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety

11200: 8496: 7617: 7605: 7521: 7385:

Nieman Reports | Tracking Toxics When the Data Are Polluted

7054:

A Climate of Crisis: America in the Age of Environmentalism

6988:

A Climate of Crisis: America in the Age of Environmentalism

5908:

Freshwater Pollution Costs US At Least $ 4.3 Billion A Year

3254: 3065: 2937: 2929: 2753:

in pretreatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing operations

2393: 2339:

are more desirable than pollution control. In the field of

2232: 2111: 1926: 1581: 1344: 1293: 928: 175: 170: 135: 7215:"Research ship finds the world's oceans are 'plasticized'" 7003:

City, Country, Empire: Landscapes in Environmental History

6732: 6121: 5445:

Heissel, Jennifer; Persico, Claudia; Simon, David (2019).

4870:"Global Warming Can Be Stopped, World Climate Experts Say" 4791:

International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering

4701:"Environmental Pollution | Chemistry Science Fair Project" 3640:

Green Chemistry Approaches to Environmental Sustainability

2731:

Indigo color water pollution in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 2005

2605:

Pollution has a cost. Manufacturing activities that cause

2540:(Secondary treatment; also used for industrial wastewater) 2090:. Invasive plants can contribute debris and biomolecules ( 2043:, becoming exponentially more concentrated in the process. 7238: 6167: 6041:"Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures: 2005 Survey" 5688:"Atmospheric Pollution: History, Science, and Regulation" 5490:

Zivin, Joshua Graff; Neidell, Matthew (1 December 2012).

5361: 3209:

has also been a prohibitive complication associated with

3083:, in the late 1940s, serving as another public reminder. 2358: 2335:. In the hierarchy of controls, pollution prevention and 1801:, and the possible effects of this on marine ecosystems. 1102:– that is, a source created by human activities, such as 49: 7241:"The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness" 5154: 4214:, Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 1–14, 3266:

after only a relatively brief period of widespread use.

3253:(POP) has come to describe a group of chemicals such as 3229:

has ended almost all nuclear testing in the atmosphere.

2618:

is involved. If there are external benefits, such as in

2323:

into air, water or soil. Without pollution control, the

6301: 6224: 5926:

The human cost of China's untold soil pollution problem

5128:

David; Michael; Caroline, Mindy; Neil Franklin; Vikas.

3977:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. p. 79. 3975:

Moral and Political Reasoning in Environmental Practice

2148: 1319:

into the atmosphere. Common gaseous pollutants include

1138:(coming from a widespread distributed sources, such as 9503:

International Conference on Population and Development

5292:"Out of Order – The State of the World's Toilets 2017" 5067:

Pandey, Anamika; Brauer, Michael; Cropper, Maureen L;

4502:

Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants

4356: 4268: 3363:

Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act

2385:

intervention, influence research, and guide funding".

2189:. Different jurisdictions often have different levels 27:

Introduction of contaminants that cause adverse change

11623: 10288:

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study

7379:

Chelyabinsk: The Most Contaminated Spot on the Planet

7331:. Reports and studies on how pollutants affect people 6483: 5820: 4982:"Air Pollution Linked to 1.2 Million Deaths in China" 4372:"What are the safest and cleanest sources of energy?" 4167: 2229:

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

2025:

and now threaten entire ecosystems around the world.

1993:

the productivity of both indoor and outdoor workers.

1245:, while international efforts are coordinated by the 3232:

International catastrophes such as the wreck of the

1957:

symptoms. Older people are significantly exposed to

1430:: involves the accumulation of plastic products and 1149:

Many sources of pollution were unregulated parts of

6929:

Dirty Old London: The Victorian Fight Against Filth

6726: 5986:(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. 5981: 5444: 2852:of consuming one more unit of the good or service. 1212:Pollution has widespread consequences on human and 10209:Health expenditure by country by type of financing 7006:. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 44–49. 6638:Economics of natural resources and the environment 6356:Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 5148: 4724: 4498: 7000:Jeffry M. Diefendorf; Kurkpatrick Dorsey (2009). 5639:Salvo, Alberto; Liu, Haoming; He, Jiaxiu (2019). 5350:As China Roars, Pollution Reaches Deadly Extremes 2784: 1721:An industrial area, with a power plant, south of 11777: 10282:Progress in International Reading Literacy Study 7373:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 5492:"The Impact of Pollution on Worker Productivity" 5007: 4450:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 4209: 1633:are one of the leading causes of air pollution. 3637: 10276:Programme for International Student Assessment 6879: 6789: 5814: 5205: 4556:". Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009. 3175:The development of nuclear science introduced 3002:soon afterward. Pollution issues escalated as 2154:Organic pollution of watercourses can deplete 1502:, which can refer to the presence of overhead 10467: 9640: 9124: 8708: 7405: 7345:United States Environmental Protection Agency 6886:United States Environmental Protection Agency 6449:Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 6261:Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 6016:"Abatement and Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC)" 5892:The staggering economic cost of air pollution 5881:(1st ed.). American Petroleum Institute. 5788:Journal of Industrial Information Integration 4872:. News.nationalgeographic.com. Archived from 4785:Hassan, Sidra; Haq, Ihsan ul (27 June 2019). 4145:Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4139:Aboyeji, Oyebanji Oluseun (1 December 2013). 3404:Atmospheric chemistry observational databases 2932:. According to a 1983 article in the journal 2796: 2347:is a similar technique for the prevention of 1061: 10179:Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza 7381:Documentary Film by Slawomir Grünberg (1996) 6718:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6668:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6388: 5953:(4th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. 5821:Ni-Bin Chang; Ana Pires (18 February 2015). 5645:American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5596:American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5489: 5394:American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5362:World Health Organisation (31 August 2022). 5010:Environmental Science and Pollution Research 4413:State of the Environment, Issue: Air Quality 4362: 3825: 3823: 2264:A litter trap catches floating waste in the 2162: 1474:, resulting from 20th century activities in 9528:United Nations world population conferences 7066:1952: London fog clears after days of chaos 5781: 5685: 4030: 3801:"Pollution killed 9 million people in 2015" 2879:because it "does not maximize efficiency". 2035:describes situations where toxins (such as 1765: 11429:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 10474: 10460: 10224:Total healthcare spending as % of GDP 10204:Percentage suffering from undernourishment 9647: 9633: 9441:Population and housing censuses by country 9131: 9117: 8715: 8701: 7412: 7398: 7077: 6873: 6636:William), Pearce, David W. (David (1990). 5782:Idrees, Zeba; Zheng, Lirong (2020-03-01). 5638: 5546: 4494: 4492: 4011: 3972: 3920: 3829: 3442:List of solid waste treatment technologies 2998:of 1858, which led to construction of the 2704:Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy 1884:over 50,000. A study published in 2022 in 1786:Source: Energy Information Administration. 1068: 1054: 84: 11389:Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 11379:Center for Disease Control and Prevention 8722: 7337:– NIH databases and reports on toxicology 7292: 7258: 6766: 6578: 6568: 6406: 6185: 6124:"The environmental price of fast fashion" 6093: 5948: 5758: 5607: 5523: 5466: 5413: 5259: 5244:"Pollution and health: a progress update" 5188: 5104: 4802: 4784: 4304: 4294: 4219: 4195: 4152: 3894: 3820: 3767: 3752:"Pollution and health: a progress update" 3714: 3699:"Pollution and health: a progress update" 2804: 2280:Air pollution control system, known as a 2086:can outcompete native species and reduce 1987: 1806:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 1695:, but produce roughly 25% of the world's 1355:, or fine dust is characterized by their 10327:Official Development Assistance received 9164:Estimates of historical world population 7130: 7115: 7082:. The Environmental Blog. Archived from 7026: 6953: 6635: 6534: 5132:. Library.thinkquest.org. Archived from 4951: 4664:China overtakes US as world's biggest CO 4172:, Elsevier: B978-0-12-409548-9.09508-7, 3120: 3030: 2953: 2916: 2822: 2726: 2291: 2275: 2259: 2044: 2000: 1842: 1799:increases in the acidity of ocean waters 1775: 1716: 1613: 1542: 1288: 1264: 1229:, and continues to be a core element of 48: 11434:Health departments in the United States 8553:Pollutant release and transfer register 7071: 7020: 6305:Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 6076:. Pure Earth, Green Cross Switzerland. 6067:"2016 World's Worst Pollution Problems" 5318: 4505:(1st ed.). John Wiley & Sons. 4489: 4138: 4031:Environment, U. N. (21 February 2020). 3860: 3348:Pollutant release and transfer register 2739:is one of the largest polluters in the 2028:There are a number of effects of this: 1672:disposal activity, incinerators, large 1279:Environmental Protection Administration 14: 11778: 11439:Council on Education for Public Health 10299:World Intellectual Property Indicators 6899: 6353: 6128:Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 6083:from the original on 23 February 2024. 5827:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 209. 5352:". The New York Times. 26 August 2007. 5238:Fuller, Richard; Landrigan, Philip J; 4596:maps zoom in on greenhouse gas sources 4464: 3921:Carrington, Damian (18 January 2022). 3867:Environmental Science & Technology 3830:Carrington, Damian (20 October 2017). 3746:Fuller, Richard; Landrigan, Philip J; 3693:Fuller, Richard; Landrigan, Philip J; 3660: 3273:is a concentration of plastics in the 2848:of pollution, is exactly equal to the 2791:of the top contributors to human death 2633: 2170:Regulation and monitoring of pollution 2080:which affects ecosystems in many ways. 2018:Environmental Science & Technology 11497:Professional degrees of public health 11404:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 10455: 10189:Infant and under-five mortality rates 9628: 9112: 8696: 7393: 7212: 7027:Fleming, James R.; Knorr, Bethany R. 6681: 6679: 5944: 5942: 5940: 4843:(Table 1, Report DOE/EIA-0573, 2004, 4390:Environmental Performance Report 2001 4378:from the original on 15 January 2024. 4124:. Concerns about MTBE. Archived from 2104:are removed from the air by rain and 1902:caused 1.4 million premature deaths. 1626:(rectangles barely visible in chart). 11664: 11594: 11487:Bachelor of Science in Public Health 9597: 9067: 8643: 7884:Electromagnetic radiation and health 6834: 5451:National Bureau of Economic Research 4979: 3916: 3914: 3856: 3854: 3798: 3544:Electromagnetic radiation and health 3021:system was built in the late 1870s: 3017:recalled conditions before a modern 3009:In 1870, the sanitary conditions in 2311:Pollution control is a term used in 2158:levels and reduce species diversity. 1827:Soil pollution § Health effects 1702:, and generate approximately 30% of 1243:environmental agencies or ministries 11606: 10755:Workers' right to access the toilet 10596:Human right to water and sanitation 10401:Number of billionaires (US dollars) 10396:Number of millionaires (US dollars) 10219:Total health expenditure per capita 10102:Ethnic and cultural diversity level 9533:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement 9091: 8659: 8651: 7742:Radium and radon in the environment 5686:Oppenheimer, Michael (2003-10-01). 4653:. 31 August 2006. The Boston Globe. 3966: 3861:Persson, Linn; et al. (2022). 2713: 2578:Powdered activated carbon treatment 1839:Air pollution § Health effects 1738:also been some unusual releases of 1676:(dairy cows, pigs, poultry, etc.), 1609: 1594:, which can be caused naturally by 1564:, hydrogen halides which can cause 1347:are created as nitrogen oxides and 1257:is an important part of all of the 296:Radium and radon in the environment 24: 9939:Past and future population density 6685: 6676: 5937: 5875:American Petroleum Institute (API) 4952:Stanglin, Doug (20 October 2017). 4651:Alarm sounds on US population boom 4567:"Solid Waste – The Ultimate Guide" 4178:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.09508-7 3648:10.1016/B978-0-443-18959-3.00010-0 3447:List of waste management companies 3152:starting in 1947 and uncontrolled 2908:History of environmental pollution 1835:List of pollution-related diseases 1804:In February 2007, a report by the 1784:emissions by country (as of 2005). 1339:and motor vehicles. Photochemical 25: 11802: 11028:Commercial determinants of health 10481: 9425:Population and Development Review 7353:Superfund Basic Research Programs 7313: 7133:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 6882:"London's Historic "Pea-Soupers"" 5308:from the original on Dec 7, 2023. 4845:Energy Information Administration 3911: 3851: 3406:– links to freely available data. 3343:Neuroplastic effects of pollution 3116:National Environmental Policy Act 2966:of England banned the burning of 2721:Chemical waste § Textile industry 1959:diseases induced by air pollution 1687:About 400 million metric tons of 1538: 11758: 11741: 11724: 11707: 11690: 11673: 11645: 11633: 11605: 11593: 11582: 11581: 10611:National public health institute 10359:planetary pressures–adjusted HDI 9609: 9608: 9596: 9473:Population concern organizations 9179:Projections of population growth 9090: 9078: 9066: 9048: 9047: 8786: 8677: 8667: 8658: 8650: 8642: 8630: 8629: 7232: 7206: 7180: 7167: 7124: 7098: 7059: 7046: 6993: 6980: 6947: 6934: 6227:Environmental Quality Management 6094:Gabbatiss, Josh (18 July 2018). 5951:Public finance and public policy 5934:, Monday 30 June 2014 11.53 EDT 4670:". Guardian.co.uk. 19 June 2007. 4465:Laboratory, Oak Ridge National. 4033:"A Global response to Pollution" 3799:Beil, Laura (15 November 2017). 3299:, which generally seek to limit 3191:throughout the 1950s and 1960s. 3013:were among the worst in Europe. 2719:This section is an excerpt from 2168:This section is an excerpt from 1118:. Pollution is often classed as 1035: 1023: 11008:Open-source healthcare software 10750:Sociology of health and illness 9574:Human impact on the environment 9508:Population Action International 9025:Human impact on the environment 7456:Atmospheric dispersion modeling 7033:American Meteorological Society 6921: 6828: 6783: 6629: 6603: 6508: 6439: 6382: 6347: 6295: 6245: 6218: 6174:Reviews on Environmental Health 6161: 6115: 6087: 6059: 6033: 6008: 5975: 5919: 5901: 5885: 5867: 5841: 5775: 5726: 5679: 5632: 5580: 5540: 5483: 5438: 5381: 5355: 5342: 5319:Isalkar, Umesh (29 July 2014). 5312: 5284: 5231: 5121: 5060: 5001: 4973: 4945: 4926: 4907: 4888: 4862: 4850: 4827: 4778: 4753: 4718: 4693: 4673: 4656: 4644: 4612: 4584: 4559: 4539: 4527: 4458: 4422: 4406: 4383: 4329: 4262: 4237: 4203: 4161: 4132: 4106: 4080: 4050: 4024: 3940: 3452:List of waste management topics 3301:human impact on the environment 2981: 2557:Industrial wastewater treatment 2118:and leads to the production of 1904:Contamination of drinking water 1820: 1315:: the release of chemicals and 116:Atmospheric dispersion modeling 11369:Caribbean Public Health Agency 11181:Sexually transmitted infection 11078:Statistical hypothesis testing 10839:Occupational safety and health 10740:Sexual and reproductive health 10653:Occupational safety and health 10435:List of international rankings 10261:International Innovation Index 10184:HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate 9523:United Nations Population Fund 9138: 8933:Public transport encouragement 7029:"History of the Clean Air Act" 6880:David Urbinato (Summer 1994). 4857:Carbon dioxide emissions chart 4834:World Carbon Dioxide Emissions 3792: 3739: 3654: 3631: 3605: 3333:Hazardous Substances Data Bank 3201:continued to be tested in the 2815:Society derives some indirect 2811:Right to a healthy environment 2785:Fossil fuel related industries 2315:. It refers to the control of 1996: 1875:inflammation, chest pain, and 1740:polychlorinated dibenzodioxins 1227:environmental justice movement 985:Least polluted cities by PM2.5 13: 1: 11023:Social determinants of health 10294:Tertiary education attainment 7944:Electrical resistance heating 7419: 7329:National Institutes of Health 5261:10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00090-0 5089:10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30298-9 4980:Wong, Edward (1 April 2013). 4249:United States Geologic Survey 3769:10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00090-0 3716:10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00090-0 3598: 3504:Wastewater quality indicators 2958:Air pollution in the US, 1973 2928:, when man created the first 2390:Global Framework on Chemicals 2225:persistent organic pollutants 2191:regulation and policy choices 1618:Deaths caused as a result of 1259:Sustainable Development Goals 456:Electrical resistance heating 11083:Analysis of variance (ANOVA) 10844:Human factors and ergonomics 10406:Percentage living in poverty 10317:Access to financial services 7596:Persistent organic pollutant 6859:10.1126/science.272.5259.246 6395:Water Science and Technology 5982:Kolstad, Charles D. (2011). 4747:10.1016/0004-6981(87)90267-8 4212:Chemistry in the Environment 4062:US EPA: System of Registries 3569:List of environmental issues 3251:persistent organic pollutant 3236:oil tanker off the coast of 2551:(also used for urban runoff) 2538:Activated sludge biotreaters 2399: 2361:and monitoring/transparency/ 2053:by jurisdiction (as of 2015) 2015:. A 2022 study published in 1484:actinides in the environment 1100:have an anthropogenic source 166:Persistent organic pollutant 90:Air pollution from a factory 7: 11264:Good manufacturing practice 11068:Randomized controlled trial 9944:Person-to-arable land ratio 9548:World Population Foundation 9538:World Population Conference 9451:World population milestones 8923:Natural resource management 8606:Least polluted cities by PM 7325:National Toxicology Program 7213:Hoare, Rose (22 May 2012). 6940:Cited in David Clay Large, 6368:10.1016/j.cogsc.2017.11.002 5248:The Lancet Planetary Health 5077:The Lancet Planetary Health 4499:Beychok, Milton R. (1967). 4221:10.1039/9781839165399-00001 4154:10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n13p111 4118:Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether 3952:University of Michigan News 3756:The Lancet Planetary Health 3703:The Lancet Planetary Health 3306: 3271:Great Pacific Garbage Patch 2794: 2510:Mechanically aided scrubber 2483:Electrostatic precipitators 2006:Great Pacific garbage patch 1780:Historical and projected CO 1388:: includes light trespass, 10: 11807: 11334:Theory of planned behavior 11259:Good agricultural practice 11164:Public health surveillance 11056:epidemiological statistics 10700:Public health intervention 10246:Bloomberg Innovation Index 10174:Antidepressant consumption 9846:World population estimates 9841:Past and future population 9420:Population and Environment 8548:Pollution haven hypothesis 8471:Brain health and pollution 7709:Ecological light pollution 7539:Internal combustion engine 7192:NOAA Marine Debris Program 6686:R., Krugman, Paul (2013). 6461:10.1016/j.jece.2021.105277 6273:10.1016/j.jece.2020.105012 5949:Jonathan., Gruber (2013). 4021:. Oxford University Press. 4017:Schlosberg, David. (2007) 3437:Environmental soil science 3381: 3358:Pollution haven hypothesis 3077:Department of the Interior 2905: 2901: 2808: 2718: 2434: 2255: 2167: 1929:. Noise pollution induces 1824: 1815: 1769: 1518:), open storage of trash, 1420:as well as high-intensity 1308:relevant to each of them: 36: 32:Pollution (disambiguation) 29: 11577: 11512: 11471: 11456:World Toilet Organization 11451:World Health Organization 11358: 11347: 11284: 11209: 11125: 11053: 11018:Public health informatics 10958: 10763: 10725:Right to rest and leisure 10554:Globalization and disease 10489: 10429: 10391:Share of income of top 1% 10307: 10238: 10164: 10066: 10008: 9952: 9924: 9833: 9802: 9751: 9696: 9688:Demographics of the world 9666: 9592: 9556: 9481: 9433: 9412: 9330:Human population planning 9295: 9241: 9192: 9154:Demographics of the world 9146: 9043: 9017: 8981: 8905: 8835:Environmental engineering 8795: 8784: 8730: 8627: 8581: 8530: 8479: 8446: 8351:Nonpoint source pollution 8279: 8271:War and environmental law 8218: 8180: 8162: 7962: 7897: 7834: 7760: 7729: 7694: 7678: 7643: 7630:Volatile organic compound 7436: 7427: 7320:OEHHA proposition 65 list 7177:(Diane Publishing, 2013.) 6317:10.1007/s10661-018-6569-7 6140:10.1038/s43017-020-0039-9 5800:10.1016/j.jii.2019.100123 5751:10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00477 5130:"Air Pollution – Effects" 5030:10.1007/s11356-017-8575-7 4804:10.3991/ijoe.v15i10.10873 4761:"Environmental disasters" 4342:World Health Organization 4296:10.1016/j.gsf.2020.08.013 3589:Effects of Climate Change 3249:. Most recently the term 3177:radioactive contamination 3140:resulted in a ban by the 2231:created in 2001, such as 2197:at the cost of human and 2163:Regulation and monitoring 1472:Radioactive contamination 1375:electromagnetic radiation 1371:Electromagnetic pollution 1195:radioactive contamination 1136:nonpoint source pollution 711:War and environmental law 331:Health effects from noise 181:Volatile organic compound 18:Environmental contaminant 11791:Environmental toxicology 11502:Schools of public health 11294:Diffusion of innovations 10993:Health impact assessment 10705:Public health laboratory 10601:Management of depression 10239:Education and innovation 9335:Compulsory sterilization 8918:Environmental technology 8867:Environmental toxicology 8862:Environmental statistics 8857:Environmental humanities 7810:Marine mammals and sonar 7721:Radio spectrum pollution 7349:Toxics Release Inventory 7153:10.1177/0096340211421587 5496:American Economic Review 5453:. Working Paper Series. 4942:by Eric S. Lorenz. 2007. 4919:5 September 2008 at the 4419:Government website page) 4395:12 November 2007 at the 3369:Pollution is Colonialism 3313:Biological contamination 2628:marginal abatement costs 2562:API oil-water separators 2505:Ejector venturi scrubber 2313:environmental management 2051:carbon dioxide emissions 1772:Greenhouse gas emissions 1766:Greenhouse gas emissions 1746:for simplicity, such as 1466:chlorinated hydrocarbons 1247:UN Environmental Program 336:Marine mammals and sonar 11565:Social hygiene movement 11492:Doctor of Public Health 11324:Social cognitive theory 11126:Infectious and epidemic 10908:Fecal–oral transmission 10344:Human Development Index 10256:Global Innovation Index 10194:Maternal mortality rate 9769:Commonwealth of Nations 9277:Malthusian growth model 8830:Environmental economics 8753:Environmental chemistry 8656:WikiProject Environment 8614:Most polluted countries 8558:Polluter pays principle 8289:Agricultural wastewater 7367:Toxic Release Inventory 6970:Encyclopædia Britannica 6955:Phillips, Walter Alison 6814:10.1126/science.6857273 6739:Cardiovascular Research 6570:10.1073/pnas.1819989116 6303:sub-chronic exposure". 6187:10.1515/reveh-2018-0013 5984:Environmental economics 4727:Atmospheric Environment 3887:10.1021/acs.est.1c04158 3394:Air dispersion modeling 3353:Polluter pays principle 3168:, a term now common in 2833:environmental economics 2600: 2572:Dissolved air flotation 2500:Cyclonic spray scrubber 2468:Dust collection systems 2247:, research groups, and 2241:mitigate climate change 1631:Motor vehicle emissions 1373:: the overabundance of 1231:environmental conflicts 1083:is the introduction of 811:Freshwater salinization 731:Agricultural wastewater 40:Environmental Pollution 11560:Germ theory of disease 11339:Transtheoretical model 10322:Development aid donors 9960:Population growth rate 9404:Zero population growth 9399:Sustainable population 9323:Malthusian catastrophe 9282:Overshoot (population) 9159:Demographic transition 8887:Sustainability science 8674:Environment portal 7907:Agricultural pollution 7277:10.1126/sciadv.1600377 7106:The Environmental Case 7080:"Environmental Issues" 6909:. PBS. 17 January 2003 5568:Cite journal requires 5508:10.1257/aer.102.7.3652 4938:11 August 2013 at the 3519:Alkaline precipitation 3318:Chemical contamination 3297:environmental movement 3129: 3028: 3000:London sewerage system 2959: 2831:It is possible to use 2828: 2805:Socially optimal level 2732: 2590:Vapor recovery systems 2345:low impact development 2308: 2289: 2273: 2183:environmental agencies 2054: 2008: 1988:Socio economic impacts 1951:developmental deficits 1869:cardiovascular disease 1848: 1787: 1729: 1627: 1602:. Large quantities of 1553: 1301: 1233:, particularly in the 1030:Environment portal 60: 11444:Public Health Service 11329:Social norms approach 11319:PRECEDE–PROCEED model 10765:Preventive healthcare 10658:Pharmaceutical policy 10507:Chief Medical Officer 10082:Age at first marriage 9970:Net reproduction rate 9916:Population milestones 9698:Continents/subregions 9660:population statistics 9513:Population Connection 9377:Mere addition paradox 9216:Physiological density 8852:Environmental studies 8724:Environmental science 8329:Industrial wastewater 8195:Clutter (advertising) 8103:Municipal solid waste 7949:Soil guideline values 7793:Sustainable transport 7686:Information pollution 7486:Open burning of waste 5240:Balakrishnan, Kalpana 5069:Balakrishnan, Kalpana 4839:26 March 2008 at the 4374:. Our World in Data. 3748:Balakrishnan, Kalpana 3695:Balakrishnan, Kalpana 3534:Contamination control 3499:Industrial wastewater 3469:Cruise ship pollution 3183: – named by the 3124: 3097:Clean Air Act of 1956 3068:was a major issue in 3057:progressive reformers 3031:20th and 21st century 3023: 2957: 2949:glaciers in Greenland 2917:Prior to 19th century 2906:Further information: 2826: 2730: 2702:A 2018 report by the 2657:extractive metallurgy 2495:Baffle spray scrubber 2441:Air pollution control 2381:interface", e.g. to " 2363:life-cycle assessment 2295: 2279: 2263: 2122:which damages plants. 2048: 2004: 1846: 1825:Further information: 1779: 1720: 1617: 1551: 1520:municipal solid waste 1292: 1265:Definitions and types 1108:extractive industries 771:Industrial wastewater 539:Municipal solid waste 461:Soil guideline values 52: 11520:Sara Josephine Baker 11419:Public Health Agency 11304:Health communication 11169:Disease surveillance 11135:Asymptomatic carrier 11117:Statistical software 10805:Preventive nutrition 10633:Medical anthropology 10522:Environmental health 10132:Number of households 10117:Linguistic diversity 10112:Immigrant population 10058:past life expectancy 9543:World Population Day 9498:Church of Euthanasia 9387:Non-identity problem 9362:Political demography 9318:Human overpopulation 8840:Environmental health 8825:Environmental design 8820:Ecological economics 8601:Most polluted cities 8294:Biological pollution 8205:Overhead power lines 6408:10.2166/wst.2018.476 5657:10.1257/app.20170286 5609:10.1257/app.20160436 5406:10.1257/app.20190091 5181:10.1029/2022GH000603 5167:(5): e2022GH000603. 4705:www.seminarsonly.com 4275:Geoscience Frontiers 4058:"Vocabulary Catalog" 3574:Noise health effects 3494:Municipal wastewater 3328:Environmental racism 3323:Environmental health 3185:Worldwatch Institute 3081:Donora, Pennsylvania 2549:Constructed wetlands 2425:Pollution prevention 2388:In September 2023 a 2199:environmental health 2187:public health system 2023:planetary boundaries 1912:developing countries 1408:: which encompasses 1277:. The United States 1222:planetary boundaries 1214:environmental health 1165:pollutants may have 1114:, transportation or 980:Most polluted cities 632:Overhead power lines 30:For other uses, see 11530:Carl Rogers Darnall 11525:Samuel Jay Crumbine 11299:Health belief model 11152:Notifiable diseases 11088:Regression analysis 10923:Waterborne diseases 10512:Cultural competence 10366:Human Poverty Index 10354:inequality-adjusted 10339:Irrigated land area 10077:Age at childbearing 10000:Past fertility rate 9392:Reproductive rights 9223:Population dynamics 9174:Population momentum 9009:Environment by year 8999:Research institutes 8913:Energy conservation 8738:Atmospheric science 8664:WikiProject Ecology 8361:Ocean acidification 8266:Unexploded ordnance 8137:Post-consumer waste 7997:Foam food container 7975:Biodegradable waste 7549:Global distillation 7269:2016SciA....2E0377F 7145:2011BuAtS..67e..55F 6851:1996Sci...272..246H 6806:1983Sci...221....9S 6751:10.1093/cvr/cvaa025 6561:2019PNAS..116.7192L 5894:By Chelsea Harvey, 5855:. 30 September 2023 5704:2003PhT....56j..65J 5173:2022GHeal...6..603M 5022:2017ESPR...2411559M 5016:(12): 11559–11572. 4739:1987AtmEn..21...29B 4287:2021GeoFr..12..746T 3879:2022EnST...56.1510P 3160: – led to the 3158:Valley of the Drums 3092:radioactive fallout 2970:by proclamation in 2768:their manufacturing 2634:Dirtiest industries 2534:(Primary treatment) 2063:ocean acidification 2039:) may pass through 1949:has been linked to 1935:high blood pressure 1865:respiratory disease 1351:react to sunlight. 1329:chlorofluorocarbons 1144:agricultural runoff 1089:natural environment 796:Ocean acidification 706:Unexploded ordnance 627:Advertising clutter 559:Post-consumer waste 504:Foam food container 489:Biodegradable waste 146:Global distillation 11128:disease prevention 11063:Case–control study 10735:Security of person 10584:Health care reform 10127:Net migration rate 10107:Ethnic composition 9926:Population density 9803:Cities/urban areas 9676:Current population 9656:Lists of countries 9518:Population Matters 9233:Population pyramid 9211:Population density 9206:Population decline 9085:Environment portal 8968:Water purification 8684:Ecology portal 8568:Waste minimisation 8543:Industrial ecology 8538:Cleaner production 8356:Nutrient pollution 8233:Herbicidal warfare 8027:Construction waste 7663:Introduced species 7534:Indoor air quality 7461:Chlorofluorocarbon 7173:Jonathan Medalia, 7112:, 2012) pp. 56–82. 7086:on 11 January 2012 6845:(5259): 246–249 . 6239:10.1002/tqem.21538 5916:, 17 November 2008 5325:The Times of India 4987:The New York Times 4900:1 May 2009 at the 4686:2011-09-27 at the 4601:2020-05-01 at the 4552:2009-10-21 at the 3429:Soil contamination 3275:North Pacific Gyre 3130: 3125:Smog pollution in 3088:Great Smog of 1952 2990:problems with the 2960: 2829: 2733: 2416:Waste minimisation 2373:supported "formal 2337:waste minimization 2309: 2290: 2274: 2249:citizen scientists 2120:tropospheric ozone 2069:becomes dissolved. 2055: 2009: 1849: 1793:, while vital for 1788: 1742:, commonly called 1730: 1693:world's population 1628: 1554: 1438:Soil contamination 1353:Particulate matter 1302: 1191:soil contamination 1042:Ecology portal 667:Herbicidal warfare 211:Introduced species 151:Indoor air quality 121:Chlorofluorocarbon 61: 11621: 11620: 11573: 11572: 11483:Higher education 11314:Positive deviance 11309:Health psychology 11285:Health behavioral 11212:safety management 11186:Social distancing 10960:Population health 10940:Smoking cessation 10888:Pharmacovigilance 10859:Injury prevention 10827:Infection control 10745:Social psychology 10695:Prisoners' rights 10638:Medical sociology 10606:Public health law 10502:Biological hazard 10449: 10448: 10421:Wealth inequality 10416:Unemployment rate 9953:Growth indicators 9815:National capitals 9622: 9621: 9493:7 Billion Actions 9367:Population ethics 9260:Carrying capacity 9169:Population growth 9106: 9105: 8928:Pollution control 8690: 8689: 8563:Pollution control 8243:Nuclear holocaust 8152:Thermal treatment 8120:Plastic pollution 8037:Mercury poisoning 7990:Battery recycling 7889:Radioactive waste 7658:Genetic pollution 7653:Biological hazard 7451:Air quality index 7362:the EPA Superfund 7188:"Garbage Patches" 7056:(2014) pp. 15–21 7013:978-0-8229-7277-8 6745:(11): 1910–1917. 6697:978-1-4292-8342-7 6647:978-0-8018-3987-0 6555:(15): 7192–7197. 6401:(10): 2046–2054. 6074:WorstPolluted.org 5993:978-0-19-973264-7 5960:978-1-4292-7845-4 5898:, 29 January 2016 5877:(February 1990). 5834:978-1-118-96453-8 5712:10.1063/1.1629008 5301:. November 2017. 4607:Purdue University 4536:, R Carlson, 1962 4512:978-0-471-07189-1 4231:978-1-83916-279-4 4187:978-0-12-409548-9 4128:on 5 August 2015. 4068:on 16 August 2022 3954:. 19 January 2016 3596: 3595: 3554:Genetic pollution 3410:Emission standard 3227:test ban treaties 3215:Three Mile Island 3148:contamination at 3104:Noise Control Act 3004:population growth 2926:prehistoric times 2687:Chemical industry 2647:Lead–acid battery 2221:Montreal Protocol 2195:industrialisation 2147:which lowers the 1943:sleep disturbance 1604:fine particulates 1596:lightning strikes 1574:hydrogen sulfides 1549: 1490:Thermal pollution 1442:soil contaminants 1428:Plastic pollution 1390:over-illumination 1296:in the center of 1199:thermal pollution 1187:plastic pollution 1151:industrialization 1132:construction site 1078: 1077: 1013: 1012: 679:Nuclear holocaust 602:Urban heat island 416:Radioactive waste 201:Biological hazard 111:Air quality index 16:(Redirected from 11798: 11771: 11763: 11762: 11761: 11754: 11746: 11745: 11744: 11737: 11729: 11728: 11727: 11720: 11712: 11711: 11710: 11703: 11695: 11694: 11693: 11686: 11678: 11677: 11676: 11666: 11650: 11649: 11648: 11638: 11637: 11629: 11609: 11608: 11597: 11596: 11585: 11584: 11479:Health education 11356: 11355: 11210:Food hygiene and 11191:Tropical disease 11003:Infant mortality 10978:Community health 10854:Controlled Drugs 10790:Health promotion 10720:Right to housing 10564:Health economics 10476: 10469: 10462: 10453: 10452: 10440:Lists by country 10151:Urban population 10092:Dependency ratio 9980:Number of deaths 9975:Number of births 9965:Natural increase 9752:Intercontinental 9649: 9642: 9635: 9626: 9625: 9612: 9611: 9600: 9599: 9569:Green Revolution 9350:Two-child policy 9345:One-child policy 9268: 9228:Population model 9184:World population 9133: 9126: 9119: 9110: 9109: 9094: 9093: 9082: 9070: 9069: 9051: 9050: 8973:Waste management 8963:Urban metabolism 8958:Sewage treatment 8948:Renewable energy 8790: 8717: 8710: 8703: 8694: 8693: 8682: 8681: 8680: 8672: 8671: 8662: 8661: 8654: 8653: 8646: 8645: 8633: 8632: 8507:Legacy pollution 8366:Oil exploitation 8228:Chemical warfare 8142:Waste management 8049:Industrial waste 8017:Biomedical waste 7985:Electronic waste 7970:Advertising mail 7954:Phytoremediation 7929:Land degradation 7714:Overillumination 7668:Invasive species 7414: 7407: 7400: 7391: 7390: 7307: 7306: 7296: 7262: 7246:Science Advances 7236: 7230: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7210: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7199: 7184: 7178: 7171: 7165: 7164: 7128: 7122: 7119: 7113: 7102: 7096: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7078:John Tarantino. 7075: 7069: 7063: 7057: 7052:Patrick Allitt, 7050: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7039: 7024: 7018: 7017: 6997: 6991: 6986:Patrick Allitt, 6984: 6978: 6977: 6962: 6951: 6945: 6938: 6932: 6925: 6919: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6903: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6832: 6826: 6825: 6787: 6781: 6780: 6770: 6730: 6724: 6723: 6717: 6709: 6683: 6674: 6673: 6667: 6659: 6633: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6615:open.lib.umn.edu 6607: 6601: 6600: 6582: 6572: 6538: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6495: 6487: 6481: 6480: 6443: 6437: 6436: 6410: 6386: 6380: 6379: 6351: 6345: 6344: 6299: 6293: 6292: 6258: 6249: 6243: 6242: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6189: 6165: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6119: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6108: 6091: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6071: 6063: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6037: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6026: 6020:www.econport.org 6012: 6006: 6005: 5979: 5973: 5972: 5946: 5935: 5923: 5917: 5905: 5899: 5889: 5883: 5882: 5871: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5845: 5839: 5838: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5779: 5773: 5772: 5762: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5636: 5630: 5629: 5611: 5593: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5571: 5566: 5564: 5556: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5527: 5502:(7): 3652–3673. 5487: 5481: 5480: 5470: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5417: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5364:"Lead poisoning" 5359: 5353: 5346: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5296: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5263: 5254:(6): e535–e547. 5235: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5192: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5136:on 30 April 2011 5125: 5119: 5118: 5108: 5064: 5058: 5057: 5005: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4977: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4949: 4943: 4930: 4924: 4911: 4905: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4866: 4860: 4854: 4848: 4831: 4825: 4824: 4806: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4765:www.lenntech.com 4757: 4751: 4750: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4697: 4691: 4677: 4671: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4631: 4625:. Archived from 4624: 4616: 4610: 4592:Revolutionary CO 4588: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4563: 4557: 4543: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4496: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4473:. Archived from 4462: 4456: 4455: 4449: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4426: 4420: 4410: 4404: 4387: 4381: 4379: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4308: 4298: 4266: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4223: 4207: 4201: 4200: 4199: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4114:"Drinking Water" 4110: 4104: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4084: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4064:. Archived from 4054: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4028: 4022: 4015: 4009: 4008: 4002: 3998: 3996: 3988: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3944: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3918: 3909: 3908: 3898: 3873:(3): 1510–1521. 3858: 3849: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3827: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3796: 3790: 3789: 3771: 3762:(6): e535–e547. 3743: 3737: 3736: 3718: 3709:(6): e535–e547. 3690: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3619:. 13 August 2010 3609: 3479:Marine pollution 3380: 3379: 3293:environmentalism 3240:in 1978 and the 2912:Legacy pollution 2850:marginal benefit 2800: 2737:textile industry 2714:Textile industry 2682:Industrial parks 2672:Artisanal mining 2595:Phytoremediation 2527:Sewage treatment 2456:Thermal oxidizer 2341:land development 2282:thermal oxidizer 2084:Invasive species 2074:greenhouse gases 2072:The emission of 2061:emissions cause 2033:Biomagnification 1953:in children and 1925:irritations and 1689:hazardous wastes 1624:renewable energy 1610:Human generation 1550: 1500:Visual pollution 1418:industrial noise 1275:greenhouse gases 1207:visual pollution 1167:legacy pollution 1112:waste management 1070: 1063: 1056: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1028: 1027: 959: 958: 662:Chemical warfare 564:Waste management 524:Industrial waste 499:Electronic waste 484:Advertising mail 466:Phytoremediation 441:Land degradation 381:Depleted uranium 266:Overillumination 216:Invasive species 88: 78: 63: 62: 56:on the coast of 21: 11806: 11805: 11801: 11800: 11799: 11797: 11796: 11795: 11776: 11775: 11774: 11764: 11759: 11757: 11747: 11742: 11740: 11736:from Wikisource 11730: 11725: 11723: 11713: 11708: 11706: 11696: 11691: 11689: 11685:from Wiktionary 11679: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11665:sister projects 11662:at Knowledge's 11656: 11646: 11644: 11632: 11624: 11622: 11617: 11569: 11540:Margaret Sanger 11508: 11467: 11351: 11349: 11343: 11286: 11280: 11252:Safety scandals 11211: 11205: 11127: 11121: 11055: 11049: 11045:Social medicine 11038:Race and health 10973:Child mortality 10954: 10913:Open defecation 10795:Human nutrition 10785:Family planning 10773:Behavior change 10759: 10715:Right to health 10628:Maternal health 10618:Health politics 10569:Health literacy 10485: 10480: 10450: 10445: 10444: 10425: 10381:Income equality 10334:Employment rate 10303: 10251:Education Index 10234: 10229:Body mass index 10160: 10062: 10010:Life expectancy 10004: 9948: 9934:Current density 9920: 9834:Past and future 9829: 9798: 9747: 9692: 9662: 9653: 9623: 9618: 9588: 9552: 9486: 9484: 9477: 9429: 9408: 9357:Overconsumption 9340:Family planning 9297: 9291: 9264: 9248: 9245: 9237: 9199: 9196: 9188: 9142: 9137: 9107: 9102: 9039: 9013: 8977: 8901: 8892:Systems ecology 8791: 8782: 8743:Biogeochemistry 8726: 8721: 8691: 8686: 8678: 8676: 8666: 8623: 8609: 8577: 8526: 8475: 8442: 8381:Pharmaceuticals 8371:Oil exploration 8275: 8247:Nuclear fallout 8214: 8176: 8158: 8132:Packaging waste 8086:Deep sea mining 8012:Hazardous waste 7958: 7939:Open defecation 7893: 7859:Nuclear fallout 7854:Nuclear fission 7830: 7756: 7725: 7696:Electromagnetic 7690: 7674: 7639: 7559:Ozone depletion 7432: 7423: 7418: 7316: 7311: 7310: 7253:(6): e1600377. 7237: 7233: 7223: 7221: 7211: 7207: 7197: 7195: 7194:. 21 March 2024 7186: 7185: 7181: 7172: 7168: 7129: 7125: 7120: 7116: 7103: 7099: 7089: 7087: 7076: 7072: 7064: 7060: 7051: 7047: 7037: 7035: 7025: 7021: 7014: 6998: 6994: 6985: 6981: 6952: 6948: 6944:(2000) pp 17-18 6939: 6935: 6926: 6922: 6912: 6910: 6905: 6904: 6900: 6890: 6888: 6878: 6874: 6833: 6829: 6800:(4605): 9–17 . 6788: 6784: 6731: 6727: 6711: 6710: 6698: 6684: 6677: 6661: 6660: 6648: 6634: 6630: 6620: 6618: 6609: 6608: 6604: 6539: 6535: 6525: 6523: 6522:. 9 August 2011 6514: 6513: 6509: 6499: 6497: 6493: 6489: 6488: 6484: 6444: 6440: 6387: 6383: 6352: 6348: 6300: 6296: 6256: 6250: 6246: 6223: 6219: 6166: 6162: 6152: 6150: 6120: 6116: 6106: 6104: 6101:The Independent 6092: 6088: 6080: 6069: 6065: 6064: 6060: 6050: 6048: 6047:. 31 March 2016 6039: 6038: 6034: 6024: 6022: 6014: 6013: 6009: 5994: 5980: 5976: 5961: 5947: 5938: 5924: 5920: 5906: 5902: 5896:Washington Post 5890: 5886: 5872: 5868: 5858: 5856: 5847: 5846: 5842: 5835: 5819: 5815: 5780: 5776: 5731: 5727: 5684: 5680: 5637: 5633: 5591: 5585: 5581: 5569: 5567: 5558: 5557: 5545: 5541: 5488: 5484: 5443: 5439: 5386: 5382: 5372: 5370: 5360: 5356: 5347: 5343: 5333: 5331: 5317: 5313: 5305: 5294: 5290: 5289: 5285: 5236: 5232: 5222: 5220: 5211: 5210: 5206: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5137: 5126: 5122: 5065: 5061: 5006: 5002: 4992: 4990: 4978: 4974: 4964: 4962: 4950: 4946: 4940:Wayback Machine 4931: 4927: 4921:Wayback Machine 4912: 4908: 4902:Wayback Machine 4893: 4889: 4879: 4877: 4868: 4867: 4863: 4855: 4851: 4841:Wayback Machine 4832: 4828: 4783: 4779: 4769: 4767: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4690:". CDIAC. 2008. 4688:Wayback Machine 4678: 4674: 4667: 4661: 4657: 4649: 4645: 4635: 4633: 4629: 4622: 4620:"Waste Watcher" 4618: 4617: 4613: 4609:. 7 April 2008. 4603:Wayback Machine 4595: 4589: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4565: 4564: 4560: 4554:Wayback Machine 4544: 4540: 4532: 4528: 4513: 4497: 4490: 4480: 4478: 4463: 4459: 4443: 4442: 4435: 4433: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4411: 4407: 4397:Wayback Machine 4388: 4384: 4364:Ritchie, Hannah 4361: 4357: 4347: 4345: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4267: 4263: 4253: 4251: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4208: 4204: 4188: 4166: 4162: 4137: 4133: 4112: 4111: 4107: 4097: 4095: 4086: 4085: 4081: 4071: 4069: 4056: 4055: 4051: 4041: 4039: 4029: 4025: 4016: 4012: 4000: 3999: 3990: 3989: 3985: 3971: 3967: 3957: 3955: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3931: 3929: 3919: 3912: 3859: 3852: 3842: 3840: 3828: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3797: 3793: 3744: 3740: 3691: 3684: 3674: 3672: 3664:(18 May 2022). 3659: 3655: 3636: 3632: 3622: 3620: 3617:Merriam-Webster 3611: 3610: 3606: 3601: 3564:Light pollution 3524:Citizen science 3515: 3465: 3461:Water pollution 3433: 3390: 3309: 3264:bioaccumulation 3242:Bhopal disaster 3199:Nuclear weapons 3136:dumping in the 3112:Clean Water Act 3037:Imperial German 3033: 2984: 2919: 2914: 2904: 2813: 2807: 2787: 2782: 2781: 2724: 2716: 2636: 2616:externalization 2603: 2583:Ultrafiltration 2544:Aerated lagoons 2437: 2402: 2329:overconsumption 2268:, east-central 2258: 2253: 2252: 2243:. Governments, 2217:trade in wastes 2213:water pollution 2185:or the broader 2176:To protect the 2173: 2165: 2141:nitrogen oxides 2102:Nitrogen oxides 2096:competitiveness 2068: 1999: 1990: 1973:substances can 1900:water pollution 1841: 1823: 1818: 1785: 1783: 1774: 1768: 1713: 1700: 1674:livestock farms 1654:chemical plants 1612: 1543: 1541: 1406:Noise pollution 1386:Light pollution 1366: 1362: 1333:nitrogen oxides 1321:carbon monoxide 1271:noise pollution 1267: 1203:light pollution 1183:noise pollution 1175:water pollution 1074: 1036: 1034: 1022: 1015: 1014: 914: 906: 905: 879: 871: 870: 806:Pharmaceuticals 786:Nonpoint source 726: 716: 715: 684:Nuclear fallout 657: 647: 646: 617: 607: 606: 597: 587: 586: 577: 569: 568: 554:Packaging waste 519:Hazardous waste 479: 471: 470: 431: 421: 420: 391:Nuclear fallout 386:Nuclear fission 366: 356: 355: 321: 311: 310: 286: 278: 277: 251: 249:Electromagnetic 241: 240: 231: 223: 222: 196: 186: 185: 156:Ozone depletion 101: 91: 76: 45: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11804: 11794: 11793: 11788: 11773: 11772: 11755: 11753:from Wikibooks 11738: 11721: 11719:from Wikiquote 11704: 11687: 11658: 11655: 11654: 11642: 11619: 11618: 11616: 11615: 11603: 11591: 11578: 11575: 11574: 11571: 11570: 11568: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11516: 11514: 11510: 11509: 11507: 11506: 11505: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11481: 11475: 11473: 11469: 11468: 11466: 11465: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11447: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11431: 11423: 11422: 11421: 11416: 11408: 11407: 11406: 11398: 11397: 11396: 11391: 11383: 11382: 11381: 11373: 11372: 11371: 11362: 11360: 11353: 11348:Organizations, 11345: 11344: 11342: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11301: 11296: 11290: 11288: 11282: 11281: 11279: 11278: 11277: 11276: 11271: 11261: 11256: 11255: 11254: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11215: 11213: 11207: 11206: 11204: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11172: 11171: 11161: 11160: 11159: 11149: 11148: 11147: 11137: 11131: 11129: 11123: 11122: 11120: 11119: 11114: 11113: 11112: 11104: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11059: 11057: 11054:Biological and 11051: 11050: 11048: 11047: 11042: 11041: 11040: 11035: 11030: 11020: 11015: 11013:Multimorbidity 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10970: 10964: 10962: 10956: 10955: 10953: 10952: 10950:Vector control 10947: 10942: 10937: 10935:School hygiene 10932: 10931: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10918:Sanitary sewer 10915: 10910: 10905: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10884: 10883: 10876:Patient safety 10873: 10872: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10836: 10835: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10809: 10808: 10807: 10802: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10781: 10780: 10769: 10767: 10761: 10760: 10758: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10737: 10732: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10692: 10691: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10614: 10613: 10608: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10587: 10586: 10581: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10559:Harm reduction 10556: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10540: 10539: 10534: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10493: 10491: 10487: 10486: 10479: 10478: 10471: 10464: 10456: 10447: 10446: 10443: 10442: 10437: 10431: 10430: 10427: 10426: 10424: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10362: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10330: 10329: 10319: 10313: 10311: 10305: 10304: 10302: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10285: 10279: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10242: 10240: 10236: 10235: 10233: 10232: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10170: 10168: 10162: 10161: 10159: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10073: 10071: 10064: 10063: 10061: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10014: 10012: 10006: 10005: 10003: 10002: 9997: 9995:Fertility rate 9992: 9990:Mortality rate 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9956: 9954: 9950: 9949: 9947: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9930: 9928: 9922: 9921: 9919: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9837: 9835: 9831: 9830: 9828: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9806: 9804: 9800: 9799: 9797: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9779:European Union 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9755: 9753: 9749: 9748: 9746: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9734: 9733: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9702: 9700: 9694: 9693: 9691: 9690: 9685: 9684: 9683: 9681:United Nations 9672: 9670: 9664: 9663: 9652: 9651: 9644: 9637: 9629: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9616: 9606: 9593: 9590: 9589: 9587: 9586: 9584:Sustainability 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9560: 9558: 9557:Related topics 9554: 9553: 9551: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9489: 9487: 9482: 9479: 9478: 9476: 9475: 9470: 9469: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9448: 9446:Largest cities 9443: 9437: 9435: 9431: 9430: 9428: 9427: 9422: 9416: 9414: 9410: 9409: 9407: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9395: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9353: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9327: 9326: 9325: 9315: 9307: 9301: 9299: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9266:I = P × A × T 9262: 9257: 9251: 9249: 9242: 9239: 9238: 9236: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9219: 9218: 9208: 9202: 9200: 9193: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9150: 9148: 9144: 9143: 9136: 9135: 9128: 9121: 9113: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9100: 9088: 9076: 9064: 9063: 9062: 9044: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9037: 9035:Technogaianism 9032: 9030:Sustainability 9027: 9021: 9019: 9015: 9014: 9012: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8985: 8983: 8979: 8978: 8976: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8909: 8907: 8903: 8902: 8900: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8848: 8847: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8816: 8815: 8805: 8799: 8797: 8796:Related fields 8793: 8792: 8785: 8783: 8781: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8734: 8732: 8728: 8727: 8720: 8719: 8712: 8705: 8697: 8688: 8687: 8628: 8625: 8624: 8622: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8607: 8603: 8598: 8596:Law by country 8593: 8587: 8585: 8579: 8578: 8576: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8534: 8532: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8483: 8481: 8477: 8476: 8474: 8473: 8468: 8467: 8466: 8461: 8450: 8448: 8444: 8443: 8441: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8418:Surface runoff 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8399: 8398: 8393: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8342: 8341: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8304:Eutrophication 8301: 8296: 8291: 8285: 8283: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8261:Scorched earth 8258: 8255:nuclear winter 8251:nuclear famine 8240: 8230: 8224: 8222: 8216: 8215: 8213: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8186: 8184: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8174: 8168: 8166: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8156: 8155: 8154: 8149: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8128: 8127: 8117: 8112: 8111: 8110: 8100: 8099: 8098: 8096:Uranium mining 8093: 8088: 8083: 8081:Surface mining 8078: 8073: 8063: 8058: 8057: 8056: 8046: 8045: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8032:Lead poisoning 8029: 8024: 8022:Chemical waste 8019: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7993: 7992: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7966: 7964: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7934:Bioremediation 7931: 7926: 7925: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7903: 7901: 7895: 7894: 7892: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7849:Bioremediation 7846: 7840: 7838: 7832: 7831: 7829: 7828: 7823: 7820: 7817: 7814: 7813: 7812: 7802: 7797: 7796: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770:Transportation 7766: 7764: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7733: 7731: 7727: 7726: 7724: 7723: 7718: 7717: 7716: 7711: 7700: 7698: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7688: 7682: 7680: 7676: 7675: 7673: 7672: 7671: 7670: 7660: 7655: 7649: 7647: 7641: 7640: 7638: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7626: 7625: 7615: 7614: 7613: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7592: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7544:Global dimming 7541: 7536: 7531: 7530: 7529: 7519: 7518: 7517: 7515:Diesel exhaust 7507: 7502: 7501: 7500: 7490: 7489: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7442: 7440: 7434: 7433: 7428: 7425: 7424: 7417: 7416: 7409: 7402: 7394: 7388: 7387: 7382: 7376: 7370: 7364: 7355: 7338: 7332: 7322: 7315: 7314:External links 7312: 7309: 7308: 7231: 7205: 7179: 7166: 7123: 7114: 7097: 7070: 7058: 7045: 7019: 7012: 6992: 6979: 6965:Chisholm, Hugh 6960:"Berlin" 6946: 6933: 6920: 6898: 6872: 6827: 6782: 6725: 6696: 6688:Microeconomics 6675: 6646: 6628: 6617:. 17 June 2016 6602: 6533: 6507: 6482: 6438: 6381: 6346: 6294: 6244: 6217: 6180:(2): 163–203. 6160: 6134:(4): 189–200. 6114: 6086: 6058: 6032: 6007: 5992: 5974: 5959: 5936: 5918: 5900: 5884: 5866: 5853:United Nations 5840: 5833: 5813: 5774: 5725: 5678: 5651:(1): 173–201. 5631: 5602:(1): 151–172. 5579: 5570:|journal= 5539: 5482: 5459:10.3386/w25489 5437: 5380: 5354: 5341: 5311: 5283: 5230: 5204: 5147: 5120: 5083:(1): e25–e38. 5059: 5000: 4972: 4944: 4925: 4906: 4887: 4861: 4849: 4826: 4777: 4752: 4717: 4692: 4672: 4665: 4655: 4643: 4632:on 10 May 2020 4611: 4593: 4583: 4558: 4538: 4526: 4511: 4488: 4477:on 11 May 2017 4471:Cdiac.ornl.gov 4457: 4421: 4405: 4382: 4355: 4328: 4281:(2): 746–755. 4261: 4236: 4230: 4202: 4186: 4160: 4131: 4105: 4079: 4049: 4037:Beat Pollution 4023: 4010: 3983: 3965: 3939: 3910: 3850: 3819: 3791: 3738: 3682: 3662:Dickie, Gloria 3653: 3630: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3592: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3559:Heat pollution 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3529:Climate change 3526: 3521: 3508: 3507: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3484:Ship pollution 3481: 3476: 3471: 3456: 3455: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3424: 3423: 3422: 3417: 3415:Greenhouse gas 3412: 3407: 3401: 3396: 3378: 3377: 3375:Sacrifice zone 3372: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3338:Overpopulation 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3308: 3305: 3285:in the water. 3247:global warming 3032: 3029: 2983: 2980: 2918: 2915: 2903: 2900: 2877:market failure 2806: 2803: 2786: 2783: 2725: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2700: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2650: 2635: 2632: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2586: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2569: 2564: 2554: 2553: 2552: 2546: 2541: 2535: 2524: 2523: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2487: 2486: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2465: 2463:Bioremediation 2460: 2459: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2401: 2398: 2327:products from 2298:dust collector 2257: 2254: 2237:Kyoto Protocol 2174: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2152: 2151:value of soil. 2137:Sulfur dioxide 2134: 2123: 2116:photosynthesis 2109: 2099: 2081: 2078:global warming 2070: 2066: 2059:Carbon dioxide 2056: 2041:trophic levels 1998: 1995: 1989: 1986: 1831:Toxic hotspots 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1795:photosynthesis 1791:Carbon dioxide 1781: 1770:Main article: 1767: 1764: 1711: 1698: 1682:heavy industry 1662:oil refineries 1611: 1608: 1562:climate change 1540: 1539:Natural causes 1537: 1536: 1535: 1532:surface runoff 1527: 1497: 1487: 1480:alpha emitters 1476:atomic physics 1469: 1435: 1425: 1414:aircraft noise 1403: 1397: 1383: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1325:sulfur dioxide 1300:in August 2010 1298:Moscow, Russia 1284:United Nations 1282:contrast, the 1266: 1263: 1157:and pollution 1076: 1075: 1073: 1072: 1065: 1058: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1032: 1017: 1016: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1000: 999: 995: 994: 993: 992: 987: 982: 977: 975:Law by country 972: 964: 963: 957: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 915: 912: 911: 908: 907: 904: 903: 902: 901: 896: 886: 880: 877: 876: 873: 872: 869: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 846:Surface runoff 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 746:Eutrophication 743: 738: 733: 727: 722: 721: 718: 717: 714: 713: 708: 703: 701:Scorched earth 698: 697: 696: 694:Nuclear winter 691: 689:Nuclear famine 686: 676: 675: 674: 664: 658: 653: 652: 649: 648: 645: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 618: 613: 612: 609: 608: 605: 604: 598: 593: 592: 589: 588: 585: 584: 578: 575: 574: 571: 570: 567: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 480: 477: 476: 473: 472: 469: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 446:Bioremediation 443: 438: 432: 427: 426: 423: 422: 419: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 376:Bioremediation 373: 367: 362: 361: 358: 357: 354: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 326:Transportation 322: 317: 316: 313: 312: 309: 308: 303: 298: 293: 287: 284: 283: 280: 279: 276: 275: 273:Radio spectrum 270: 269: 268: 263: 252: 247: 246: 243: 242: 239: 238: 232: 229: 228: 225: 224: 221: 220: 219: 218: 208: 203: 197: 192: 191: 188: 187: 184: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 141:Global dimming 138: 133: 128: 123: 118: 113: 108: 102: 97: 96: 93: 92: 89: 81: 80: 72: 71: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11803: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11783: 11781: 11770:from Wikidata 11769: 11768: 11756: 11752: 11751: 11739: 11735: 11734: 11722: 11718: 11717: 11705: 11701: 11700: 11688: 11684: 11683: 11671: 11670: 11667: 11661: 11653: 11643: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11630: 11627: 11614: 11613: 11604: 11602: 11601: 11592: 11590: 11589: 11580: 11579: 11576: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11535:Joseph Lister 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11517: 11515: 11511: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11484: 11482: 11480: 11477: 11476: 11474: 11470: 11463: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11426: 11424: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11414:Health Canada 11412: 11411: 11409: 11405: 11402: 11401: 11399: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11386: 11384: 11380: 11377: 11376: 11374: 11370: 11367: 11366: 11364: 11363: 11361: 11359:Organizations 11357: 11354: 11346: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11291: 11289: 11283: 11275: 11272: 11270: 11267: 11266: 11265: 11262: 11260: 11257: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11219: 11217: 11216: 11214: 11208: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11196:Vaccine trial 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11170: 11167: 11166: 11165: 11162: 11158: 11155: 11154: 11153: 11150: 11146: 11143: 11142: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11132: 11130: 11124: 11118: 11115: 11111: 11109: 11105: 11103: 11101: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11080: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11073:Relative risk 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11060: 11058: 11052: 11046: 11043: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11033:Health equity 11031: 11029: 11026: 11025: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10998:Health system 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10988:Global health 10986: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10968:Biostatistics 10966: 10965: 10963: 10961: 10957: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10900: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10882: 10879: 10878: 10877: 10874: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10841: 10840: 10837: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10814: 10813: 10810: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10797: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10779: 10776: 10775: 10774: 10771: 10770: 10768: 10766: 10762: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10710:Right to food 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10665: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10648: 10644: 10643:Mental health 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10603: 10602: 10599: 10597: 10594: 10592: 10591:Housing First 10589: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10579:Health system 10577: 10576: 10575: 10574:Health policy 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10529: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10494: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10483:Public health 10477: 10472: 10470: 10465: 10463: 10458: 10457: 10454: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10432: 10428: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10411:Public sector 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10346: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10328: 10325: 10324: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10314: 10312: 10310: 10306: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10289: 10286: 10283: 10280: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10266:Literacy rate 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10243: 10241: 10237: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10167: 10163: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10087:Age structure 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10074: 10072: 10070: 10065: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10053:world regions 10051: 10049: 10048:South America 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10038:North America 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10015: 10013: 10011: 10007: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9951: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9931: 9929: 9927: 9923: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9838: 9836: 9832: 9826: 9825:Megalopolises 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9807: 9805: 9801: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9789:Latin America 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9750: 9744: 9743:South America 9741: 9739: 9736: 9732: 9729: 9728: 9727: 9726:North America 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9703: 9701: 9699: 9695: 9689: 9686: 9682: 9679: 9678: 9677: 9674: 9673: 9671: 9669: 9665: 9661: 9657: 9650: 9645: 9643: 9638: 9636: 9631: 9630: 9627: 9615: 9607: 9605: 9604: 9595: 9594: 9591: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9564:Bennett's law 9562: 9561: 9559: 9555: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9490: 9488: 9485:organizations 9480: 9474: 9471: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9453: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9438: 9436: 9432: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9417: 9415: 9411: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9369: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9332: 9331: 9328: 9324: 9321: 9320: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9312: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9302: 9300: 9294: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9272:Kaya identity 9270: 9267: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9240: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9217: 9214: 9213: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9191: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9151: 9149: 9145: 9141: 9134: 9129: 9127: 9122: 9120: 9115: 9114: 9111: 9099: 9098: 9089: 9087: 9086: 9081: 9077: 9075: 9074: 9065: 9061: 9058: 9057: 9056: 9055: 9046: 9045: 9042: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9016: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8986: 8984: 8980: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8910: 8908: 8904: 8898: 8897:Urban ecology 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8846: 8843: 8842: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8814: 8811: 8810: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8800: 8798: 8794: 8789: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8735: 8733: 8729: 8725: 8718: 8713: 8711: 8706: 8704: 8699: 8698: 8695: 8685: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8657: 8649: 8640: 8636: 8626: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8588: 8586: 8584: 8580: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8529: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8484: 8482: 8478: 8472: 8469: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8456: 8455: 8452: 8451: 8449: 8445: 8439: 8438:Water quality 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8388: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8340: 8337: 8336: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8278: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8256: 8252: 8248: 8244: 8241: 8238: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8221: 8217: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8200:Traffic signs 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8187: 8185: 8183: 8179: 8173: 8170: 8169: 8167: 8165: 8161: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8144: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8126: 8125:Microplastics 8123: 8122: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8115:Nanomaterials 8113: 8109: 8106: 8105: 8104: 8101: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8068: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8055: 8054:Lead smelting 8052: 8051: 8050: 8047: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8014: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7991: 7988: 7987: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7967: 7965: 7961: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7909: 7908: 7905: 7904: 7902: 7900: 7896: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7874:Radioactivity 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7837: 7833: 7827: 7826:Noise control 7824: 7821: 7818: 7815: 7811: 7808: 7807: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7773: 7772: 7771: 7768: 7767: 7765: 7763: 7759: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7728: 7722: 7719: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7706: 7705: 7702: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7693: 7687: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7677: 7669: 7666: 7665: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7642: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7624: 7621: 7620: 7619: 7616: 7612: 7609: 7608: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7574:Metal working 7572: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7528: 7525: 7524: 7523: 7520: 7516: 7513: 7512: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7499: 7496: 7495: 7494: 7491: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7468: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7426: 7422: 7415: 7410: 7408: 7403: 7401: 7396: 7395: 7392: 7386: 7383: 7380: 7377: 7374: 7371: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7350: 7346: 7342: 7339: 7336: 7333: 7330: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7304: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7247: 7242: 7235: 7220: 7216: 7209: 7193: 7189: 7183: 7176: 7170: 7162: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7127: 7118: 7111: 7107: 7101: 7085: 7081: 7074: 7067: 7062: 7055: 7049: 7034: 7030: 7023: 7015: 7009: 7005: 7004: 6996: 6990:(2014) p 206 6989: 6983: 6976: 6972: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6950: 6943: 6937: 6930: 6927:Lee Jackson, 6924: 6908: 6907:"Deadly Smog" 6902: 6887: 6883: 6876: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6839: 6831: 6823: 6819: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6794: 6786: 6778: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6729: 6721: 6715: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6693: 6689: 6682: 6680: 6671: 6665: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6643: 6639: 6632: 6616: 6612: 6606: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6549: 6544: 6537: 6521: 6517: 6511: 6492: 6486: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6455:(4): 105277. 6454: 6450: 6442: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6385: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6350: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6298: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6267:(2): 105012. 6266: 6262: 6255: 6248: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6221: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6164: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6118: 6103: 6102: 6097: 6090: 6079: 6075: 6068: 6062: 6046: 6042: 6036: 6021: 6017: 6011: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5989: 5985: 5978: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5956: 5952: 5945: 5943: 5941: 5933: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5915: 5914: 5913:Science Daily 5909: 5904: 5897: 5893: 5888: 5880: 5876: 5870: 5854: 5850: 5844: 5836: 5830: 5826: 5825: 5817: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5778: 5770: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5729: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5698:(10): 65–66. 5697: 5693: 5692:Physics Today 5689: 5682: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5635: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5590: 5583: 5575: 5562: 5554: 5550: 5543: 5535: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5486: 5478: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5441: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5400:(4): 70–100. 5399: 5395: 5391: 5384: 5369: 5365: 5358: 5351: 5345: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5315: 5304: 5300: 5293: 5287: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5234: 5219:. 23 Nov 2023 5218: 5214: 5208: 5200: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5151: 5135: 5131: 5124: 5116: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5063: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5004: 4989: 4988: 4983: 4976: 4961: 4960: 4955: 4948: 4941: 4937: 4934: 4929: 4922: 4918: 4915: 4910: 4903: 4899: 4896: 4891: 4876:on 9 May 2007 4875: 4871: 4865: 4858: 4853: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4835: 4830: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4797:(10): 29–39. 4796: 4792: 4788: 4781: 4766: 4762: 4756: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4721: 4706: 4702: 4696: 4689: 4685: 4682: 4676: 4669: 4659: 4652: 4647: 4628: 4621: 4615: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4597: 4587: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4555: 4551: 4548: 4542: 4535: 4534:Silent Spring 4530: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4508: 4504: 4503: 4495: 4493: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4461: 4453: 4447: 4431: 4425: 4418: 4414: 4409: 4403:website page) 4402: 4398: 4394: 4391: 4386: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4359: 4344: 4343: 4338: 4332: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4265: 4250: 4246: 4240: 4233: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4213: 4206: 4198: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4164: 4155: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4135: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4109: 4093: 4089: 4083: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4053: 4038: 4034: 4027: 4020: 4014: 4006: 3994: 3986: 3980: 3976: 3969: 3953: 3949: 3943: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3915: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3857: 3855: 3839: 3838: 3833: 3826: 3824: 3808: 3807: 3802: 3795: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3742: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3689: 3687: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3657: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3634: 3618: 3614: 3608: 3604: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3584:Radioactivity 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3474:Marine debris 3472: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3463: 3462: 3457: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3431: 3430: 3425: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3388: 3387: 3386:Air pollution 3382: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3304: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3283:microplastics 3280: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3265: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3211:nuclear power 3208: 3207:radioactivity 3204: 3200: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3181:Lake Karachay 3178: 3173: 3171: 3170:city planning 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3128: 3123: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3108:Clean Air Act 3105: 3100: 3098: 3093: 3089: 3084: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3045:air pollution 3041: 3038: 3027: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3007: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2988:water quality 2979: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2964:King Edward I 2956: 2952: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2922:Air pollution 2913: 2909: 2899: 2897: 2896:cap and trade 2893: 2889: 2888:Pigouvian tax 2885: 2880: 2878: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2858: 2853: 2851: 2847: 2846:marginal cost 2843: 2839: 2834: 2825: 2821: 2818: 2812: 2802: 2798: 2792: 2778: 2777:externalities 2774: 2772: 2771:supply chains 2769: 2764: 2762: 2761:microplastics 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2729: 2722: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2692:Manufacturing 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2662:Lead smelting 2660: 2658: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2631: 2629: 2623: 2621: 2620:public safety 2617: 2612: 2608: 2607:air pollution 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2558: 2555: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2532:Sedimentation 2530: 2529: 2528: 2525: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2442: 2439: 2438: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2403: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2386: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2287: 2286:United States 2283: 2278: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2209:air pollution 2206: 2202: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2179: 2171: 2157: 2153: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2064: 2060: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2014: 2007: 2003: 1994: 1985: 1983: 1982:birth defects 1979: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1906:by untreated 1905: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1889: 1888: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1855: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1778: 1773: 1763: 1761: 1760:plastic waste 1755: 1751: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1736: 1728: 1725:'s downtown, 1724: 1719: 1715: 1709: 1705: 1704:world's waste 1701: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1670:nuclear waste 1667: 1666:petrochemical 1663: 1659: 1656:, coal-fired 1655: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1639:United States 1636: 1632: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1533: 1528: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1432:microplastics 1429: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1410:roadway noise 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1396:interference. 1395: 1391: 1387: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1313:Air pollution 1311: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1251:treaty bodies 1248: 1244: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1219: 1218:air pollution 1215: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1171:air pollution 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1140:microplastics 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1104:manufacturing 1101: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1059: 1057: 1052: 1051: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1033: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1018: 1007: 1004: 1003: 1002: 1001: 997: 996: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 967: 966: 965: 961: 960: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 916: 910: 909: 900: 897: 895: 892: 891: 890: 887: 885: 882: 881: 875: 874: 867: 864: 862: 861:Water quality 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 728: 725: 720: 719: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 681: 680: 677: 673: 670: 669: 668: 665: 663: 660: 659: 656: 651: 650: 643: 640: 638: 637:Traffic signs 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 619: 616: 611: 610: 603: 600: 599: 596: 591: 590: 583: 580: 579: 573: 572: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 544:Nanomaterials 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 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Mary 11237:Microbiology 11107: 11099: 10983:Epidemiology 10881:Organization 10832:Oral hygiene 10822:Hand washing 10800:Healthy diet 10730:Right to sit 10662: 10623:Labor rights 10386:Labour force 10214:Suicide rate 10199:Obesity rate 10156:Urbanization 10097:Divorce rate 10069:demographics 9810:World cities 9601: 9413:Publications 9372:Antinatalism 9310: 9287:World3 model 9147:Major topics 9095: 9083: 9071: 9052: 8953:Road ecology 8906:Applications 8882:Radioecology 8845:epidemiology 8778:Soil science 8773:Oceanography 8517:Point source 8459:Heavy metals 8433:Urban runoff 8413:Sulfur water 8391:Septic tanks 8237:Agent Orange 8091:Mining waste 7917:Manure waste 7747:Volcanic ash 7623:Black carbon 7579:Oil refining 7564:Particulates 7493:Construction 7420: 7250: 7244: 7234: 7222:. 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Retrieved 5852: 5843: 5823: 5816: 5791: 5787: 5777: 5742: 5738: 5728: 5695: 5691: 5681: 5648: 5644: 5634: 5599: 5595: 5582: 5561:cite journal 5542: 5499: 5495: 5485: 5450: 5440: 5415:10871/122348 5397: 5393: 5383: 5371:. Retrieved 5367: 5357: 5344: 5332:. Retrieved 5324: 5314: 5298: 5286: 5251: 5247: 5233: 5221:. Retrieved 5216: 5207: 5164: 5160: 5150: 5138:. Retrieved 5134:the original 5123: 5080: 5076: 5062: 5013: 5009: 5003: 4991:. Retrieved 4985: 4975: 4963:. Retrieved 4957: 4947: 4928: 4909: 4890: 4878:. Retrieved 4874:the original 4864: 4852: 4829: 4794: 4790: 4780: 4768:. Retrieved 4764: 4755: 4733:(1): 29–36. 4730: 4726: 4720: 4708:. Retrieved 4704: 4695: 4675: 4658: 4646: 4634:. Retrieved 4627:the original 4614: 4586: 4574:. Retrieved 4571:Ppsthane.com 4570: 4561: 4541: 4533: 4529: 4501: 4479:. Retrieved 4475:the original 4470: 4460: 4434:. Retrieved 4424: 4408: 4399:(Transport, 4385: 4358: 4346:. Retrieved 4340: 4331: 4278: 4274: 4264: 4252:. 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Retrieved 3607: 3579:Space debris 3511: 3510: 3459: 3458: 3427: 3426: 3384: 3383: 3367: 3290: 3287: 3268: 3231: 3197: 3189:Soviet Union 3174: 3138:Hudson River 3131: 3101: 3085: 3074: 3042: 3034: 3024: 3015:August Bebel 3008: 2985: 2982:19th century 2961: 2942: 2933: 2920: 2881: 2867: 2861: 2854: 2830: 2814: 2788: 2765: 2734: 2701: 2637: 2624: 2604: 2520:Wet scrubber 2387: 2353: 2349:urban runoff 2310: 2272:, Australia. 2203: 2175: 2088:biodiversity 2037:heavy metals 2027: 2016: 2010: 1991: 1967:heavy metals 1931:hearing loss 1920: 1897: 1885: 1858: 1854:Anthropocene 1850: 1821:Human health 1810:fossil fuels 1803: 1789: 1756: 1752: 1743: 1731: 1686: 1658:power plants 1629: 1590: 1555: 1524:space debris 1516:strip mining 1450:heavy metals 1446:hydrocarbons 1394:astronomical 1379:non-ionizing 1349:hydrocarbons 1335:produced by 1317:particulates 1306:contaminants 1303: 1268: 1253:. Pollution 1239: 1235:Global South 1211: 1148: 1120:point source 1097: 1085:contaminants 1080: 1079: 949:Point source 894:Heavy metals 856:Urban runoff 841:Sulfur water 816:Septic tanks 672:Agent Orange 582:Space debris 436:Agricultural 301:Volcanic ash 161:Particulates 75: 46: 39: 11682:Definitions 11640:Environment 11612:WikiProject 11352:and history 11232:Engineering 10945:Vaccination 10817:Food safety 9794:Middle East 9296:Society and 9255:Biocapacity 9097:WikiProject 8943:Remediation 8758:Geosciences 8731:Main fields 8487:Area source 8396:Pit latrine 8319:Groundwater 8076:Gold mining 8071:Coal mining 8042:Toxic waste 8007:Green waste 7980:Brown waste 7963:Solid waste 7510:Exhaust gas 7090:10 December 7038:14 February 5468:10945/61763 5368:www.who.int 4430:"Pollution" 4337:"Wildfires" 4088:"pollution" 4001:|work= 3549:Externality 3234:Amoco Cadiz 3193:Chelyabinsk 3070:Los Angeles 2992:Great Stink 2976:wheelbarrow 2890:(such as a 2864:free market 2842:social cost 2611:externality 2515:Spray tower 2333:environment 2266:Yarra River 2178:environment 2092:allelopathy 2013:environment 1997:Environment 1971:radioactive 1895:installed. 1861:air quality 1706:. 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