Unemployment benefits

2772:"At the same time, those workers who managed to obtain insurance might experience more unemployment otherwise would have been the case." The private insurance company would have to determine whether the employee is unemployed through no fault of their own, which is difficult to determine. Incorrect determinations could result in the payout of significant amounts for fraudulent claims or alternately failure to pay legitimate claims. This leads to the rationale that if government could solve either problem that government intervention would increase efficiency. The moral hazard argument against unemployment insurance is based on the idea that such insurance would increase the risk, or 'hazard,' that the insured worker would engage in activity that is undesirable, or 'immoral,' from the insurer's point of view. That is, unemployment insurance could create longer or more frequent episodes of unemployment than would otherwise occur. This could occur if workers partially cushioned against periods of unemployment are more likely to accept jobs that have a higher risk of unemployment, or spend more time searching for a new job after becoming unemployed. 1263:' (called Newstart until 20 June 2020) and is paid to unemployed people over the age of 21 and under the pension eligibility age. To receive a JobSeeker Payment, recipients must be unemployed, be prepared to enter into an Employment Pathway Plan (previously called an Activity Agreement) by which they agree to undertake certain activities to increase their opportunities for employment, be Australian Residents and satisfy the income test (which limits weekly income to A$ 32 per week before benefits begin to reduce, until one's income reaches A$ 397.42 per week at which point no unemployment benefits are paid) and the assets test (an eligible recipient can have assets of up to A$ 161,500 if he or she owns a home before the allowance begins to reduce and $ 278,500 if he or she does do not own a home). The rate of allowance as of 12 January 2010 for single people without children was A$ 228 per week, paid fortnightly. (This does not include supplemental payments such as Rent Assistance or Energy Supplement.) Different rates apply to people with partners and/or children. 2152:(National Insurance Institute), to which workers must pay contributions. Eligible workers must immediately register with the Employment Service Bureau upon losing their jobs or jeopardize their eligibility, and the unemployment period is considered to start upon registration with the Employment Service Bureau. To be eligible for unemployment benefits, a person must be at least 20 years old, have been previously employed, and completed a "qualifying period" of work for which unemployment insurance contributions were paid which varies between 300 and 360 days. Employees who were involuntarily terminated from their jobs or who terminated their own employment and can provide evidence of having done so for a justified reason are eligible for immediately receiving unemployment benefits, while those who are deemed to have terminated their employment of their own volition with no justified reason will only begin receiving unemployment benefits 90 days from the start of their unemployment period. 1545:, an agency of the national government. Unionization rates are high (70%), and union membership comes with membership in an unemployment fund. Additionally, there are non-union unemployment funds. Usually, benefits require 26 weeks of 18 hours per week on average, and the unemployment benefit is 60% of the salary and lasts for 500 days. When this is not available, Kela can pay either regular unemployment benefit or labour market subsidy benefits. The former requires a degree and two years of full-time work. The latter requires participation in training, education, or other employment support, which may be mandated on pain of losing the benefit, but may be paid after the regular benefits have been either maxed out or not available. Although the unemployment funds handle the payments, most of the funding is from taxes and compulsory tax-like unemployment insurance charges. 2047:. Unemployed workers can be compensated through either basic or income-linked benefits. Basic unemployment benefits can cover both wage-earning and self-employing individuals for the first half-month (10 days) after they lose their job, whereas income-linked benefits can cover wage-earning and self-employing individuals for up to three months based on a set salary index and length of employment. However, those who are unemployed must report to the Directorate of Labour once a month to reaffirm their status of unemployment and that they are actively searching for employment or unemployment benefits could be revoked. Under the Icelandic Labour Law, employees must be given a notice period of termination that can range from 12 days to six months and is determined by the length of previous employment under the same employer. 1836:, that is social security payment coupons-stamps collected (i.e. days of work) during the 14 months before being laid off; the minimum number of such coupons, under which there is no eligibility, is 125, collected in the first 12 of the 14 aforementioned months. Eligibility since 1 January 2013, has been further constrained in that one applying for unemployment benefits for a second or more time, must not have received more than the equivalent of 450 days of such benefits during the last four years since the last time one had started receiving such benefits; if one has received unemployment benefits in this period for more than 450 days then there is no eligibility while if one has received less, then one is only eligible for at most the remaining days up until the maximum of 450 days is reached. 1326: 1124:

public and formal private sectors, as well as the self-employed. To be eligible for benefits, the claimant must be unemployed as a result of business reorganization, staff reduction, or the termination of a collective bargaining agreement. To be eligible, applicants must have contributed for at least 12 months prior to unemployment or be actively looking for work after a long period of unemployment. The UI is also available to first-time job seekers. Those who do not qualify for the monthly payment are nonetheless eligible for the UI scheme's capacity building programs. Those who qualify for the monthly unemployment benefit will get a payment of 18,000 AMD per month for a minimum of 6 months and a maximum of 12 months.

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due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but in many states there is a waiting week. In Germany and Belgium, there is no waiting week. The current waiting period in Canada is seven days. Countries implement varied potential benefit durations (PBD), which is how long an individual is eligible to receive benefits. The PBD may be a sliding scale function of the applicant's past employment history and age, or it may be a set length for all applicants. In Argentina, for example, six months of work history results in a PBD of two months, while 36 months or more of work history can result in a PBD of a full year, with an extra six months of PBD to applicants over the age of 45.

1312: 2646: 2673:. Eligibility requirements for unemployment insurance vary by state, but generally speaking, employees not fired for misconduct ("terminated for cause") are eligible for unemployment benefits, while those who quit or who are fired for misconduct (this sometimes can include misconduct committed outside the workplace, such as a problematic social media post or committing a crime) are not. Though the participation rate varies by state from below 10% to above 60%, nationwide only 29% of unemployed Americans (those seeking work) received unemployment benefits. 1251:, is paid to young people aged 16–20 (or 15, if deemed to meet the criteria for being considered 'independent' by Centrelink). Youth Allowance is also paid to full-time students aged 16–24, and to full-time Australian Apprenticeship workers aged 16–24. People aged below 18 who have not completed their high school education, are usually required to be in full-time education, undertaking an apprenticeship or doing training to be eligible for Youth Allowance. For single people under 18 years of age living with a parent or parents, the basic rate is 2475:, the system is designed to prevent people from living off unemployment benefits long term, thus forcing them to work or rely on non-state means of support (family, charities). In order to claim any state unemployment support, an adult (18+) claimant has to prove at least one year of continuous, full employment (that is, minimum 40 hours a week/160 hours a month) in the last 18 months prior to registering with the Unemployment Agency. If approved, as of 2019, one is granted 848 zł (equivalent to US$ 224.25 in April 2019) 7113: 1423:

having stood at around 40% for many years, rose somewhat during the 2009 recession but then fell back again to the low 40s. Some unemployed persons are not covered for benefits (e.g. self-employed workers), while others may have exhausted their benefits, did not work long enough to qualify, or quit or were dismissed from their job. The length of time one could take EI has also been cut repeatedly. The 1994 and 1996 changes contributed to a sharp fall in Liberal support in the Atlantic provinces in the

1142: 1825:, Manpower Employment Organization) and are available only to laid-off salaried workers with full employment and social security payments during the previous two years. The self-employed do not qualify, and neither do those with other sources of income. The monthly benefit is fixed at the "55% of 25 minimum daily wages", and is currently €360 per month, with a 10% increase for each under-age child. Recipients are eligible for at most 12 months; the exact duration depends on the collected number of 2835:

state begins to run out of funds. The recession that began in December 2007 and ended in June 2009 significantly impacted state budgets. According to The Council of State Governments, by 18 March 2011, 32 states plus the Virgin Islands had borrowed nearly $ 45.7 billion. The Labour Department estimates by the fourth quarter of 2013, as many as 40 states may need to borrow more than $ 90 billion to fund their unemployment programs and it will take a decade or more to pay off the debt.

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period, the Employment Service Bureau assists in helping locate suitable work and job training, and regularly reporting to the Employment Service Bureau is a condition for continuing to receive unemployment benefits. A person who was offered suitable work or training by the Employment Service Bureau but refused will only receive unemployment benefits 90 days after the date of the refusal, and 30 days' worth of unemployment benefits will be deducted for each subsequent refusal.

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refugees; or are 16 years of age and newly eligible to work. Employers who hire these groups are eligible for a benefit of 50% of the minimum wage to supplement the employee's income. The UI also provides financial assistance and capacity-building programs for unemployed or disabled individuals who want to start their own businesses. Armenia also has a Paid Public Works program that provides jobseekers and the disabled with temporary public employment for three months.

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self-employment to paid-employment. Conversely, individuals already in paid-employment experience the opposite trend. This reallocation from self-employment to paid-employment may have a positive effect on the employment rate in the economy but may have a strong negative effect on self-employment rates. It has also been shown that allowing self-employed individuals to access unemployment insurance might lead to a boost in self-employment activity.

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work requires relocation as it is further than the acceptable daily commute duration (at most 3 hrs a day). If they do not voluntarily participate in training, they may be obliged by administrative action. Beneficiaries not complying with orders can be sanctioned by pruning their allowance and eventually revoking the grant altogether, virtually pushing them into poverty, homelessness and bankruptcy, as there are no other precautions installed.

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maximum of £116.80 per week is payable, dependent on age and other factors. For those who are still getting Income-based JSA or are getting Universal Credit, and having savings of over £6,000, there is a reduction of £1 per week per £250 of savings up to £16,000. People with savings of over £16,000 are not able to get Income-based JSA or Universal Credit at all. The system previously provided rent payments as part of a separate scheme called

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cannot be earning money from a self-employed profession. If the income increases the fixed amount, a tax authority must issue a certificate that explains that the individual has "interrupted the exercise of the profession", which must be done within 15 days. Unemployment benefits are also granted to those who have generated an income that does not exceed €1,467.35 from the final paycheck received from a

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months. After the expiration of the 12-month period, an application towards long-term unemployment benefits must be submitted in the first 2 months. If an unemployed person seeks long term unemployment and has a child, the allowance is allowed to increase by €586.08 (per child). Long-term unemployment can only be granted if the individual can be found registered under the OAED unemployment registrar.

2784:, the "moral hazard" issue of whether unemployment insurance—and specifically extending benefits past the maximum 99 weeks—significantly encourages unemployment by discouraging workers from finding and taking jobs was expressed by Republican legislators. Conservative economist Robert Barro found that benefits raised the unemployment rate 2%. Disagreeing with Barro's study were Berkeley economist 2715: 2514:

persons with dependants. The benefit reduces to 60% of the reference salary after six months. The minimum benefit is €497 per month and the maximum is €1087.20 per month for a single person. The non-contributory allowance is available to those persons who are no longer entitled to the contributory pension and who do not have income above 75% of the national minimum wage.

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expenses, plus costs for reasonable accommodation (rent and heating). People granted benefits are automatically insured at reduced rates in the national health and nursing care insurances. The national pension insurance accounts the time living on benefits, but it does not increase the pension entitlement since in 2011 the federal government stopped paying €205 monthly.

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contributions within the preceding 3 years of employment. the benefit payment is 50% for the average daily earnings based on the last 4 months and cannot be higher than the minimum wage (per industry). Benefits may be paid for a max of 1,080 days depending on the number of contributions. Some are skeptical of how well the system is functioning in Turkey

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to make payments to the policyholder. High premiums work to exclude many individuals who otherwise might purchase the insurance. "A compulsory government program avoids the adverse selection problem. Hence, government provision of UI has the potential to increase efficiency. However, government provision does not eliminate moral hazard."

2446:(SSS). Under the 2018 legislation, the benefits are dispensed through a one-time payment to equal to 50 percent of the claimant's monthly salary for a maximum of two months. Those who were terminated due to certain reasons such as grave misconduct, gross negligence, and commission of a crime are ineligible to avail unemployment benefits. 2323:(IMSS) – This institution insures workers in the formal sector, providing pensions and health insurance. Workers insured by the IMSS who are unemployed may withdraw a maximum of 30 days' worth of pension savings every five years. However, this does not cover the majority of workers, as 58% of the labour force is in the informal sector. 1240:, social security benefits, including unemployment benefits, are funded through the taxation system. There is no compulsory national unemployment insurance fund. Rather, benefits are funded in the annual Federal Budget by the National Treasury and are administrated and distributed throughout the nation by the government agency, 1431:

used benefit. In 2006, the Province of Quebec opted out of the federal EI scheme in respect of maternity, parental and adoption benefits, in order to provide more generous benefits for all workers in that province, including self-employed workers. Total EI spending was $ 19.677 billion for 2011–2012 (figures in

1556:, or the "Work and Livelihood Centre"), a government agency which helps people to find jobs and employers to find workers. In order to be considered unemployed, the seeker must register at the TE-keskus as unemployed. If the jobseeker does not have degree, the agency can require the job seeker to apply to a school. 2354:

Benefits are paid for a maximum period of 24 months and claimants get 75% of last salary for 2 months and 70% thereafter with a maximum benefit of €3128, depending on how long the claimant has been employed previously. Workers older than 50 years who are unemployed for over 2 months are entitled to a

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In addition, there are unemployment benefits for new immigrants who have not yet been able to find employment or who are receiving below minimum wage pay. The time period that they are qualified to receive unemployment benefits is during the first 12 months following their immigration to Israel. They

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Unemployment benefit in Ireland can be claimed indefinitely for as long as the individual remains unemployed. The standard payment is €203 per week for those aged 26 and over. For those aged 18 to 24 the rate is €112.70 per week. For those aged 25 the weekly rate is €157.80. Payments can be increased

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In terms of an unemployment allowance, Greece allows for those found in unemployment, who are employed through an independent profession, to receive benefits if their latest paycheck had not exceeded a certain amount, the current rate should not exceed €1,467.35. When receiving benefits an individual

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In exchange for that, beneficiaries are assisted in that process, e.g. by reimbursing travel expenses to interviews, receiving (free of charge) training in order to increase their chances on the labour market, or subsidising moving expenses once an employment contract has been signed but the place of

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Employees pay 1.5% of their gross salary below the social security threshold and employers pay 1.5% contribution on top of the salary paid to the employee. The contribution level was reduced from 3.25% for employees and employers as part of labour market reforms known as Hartz. Contributions are paid

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years came from the EI system. Premiums were reduced much less than falling expenditures – producing, from 1994 onwards, EI surpluses of several billion dollars per year, which were added to general government revenue. The cumulative EI surplus stood at $ 57 billion at 31 March 2008, nearly four

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In 2001, the federal government increased parental leave from 10 to 35 weeks, which was added to preexisting maternity benefits of 15 weeks. In 2004, it allowed workers to take EI for compassionate care leave while caring for a dying relative, although the strict conditions imposed make this a little

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Possible policy options for states to shore up the unemployment insurance funds include lowering benefits for recipients and/or raising taxes on businesses. Kentucky took the approach of raising taxes and lowering benefits to attempt to balance its unemployment insurance program. Starting in 2010, a

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refers to the fact that "workers who have the highest probability of becoming unemployed have the highest demand for unemployment insurance." Adverse selection causes profit maximizing private insurance agencies to set high premiums for the insurance because there is a high likelihood they will have

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unemployment funds. Unemployment benefits are divided into a voluntary scheme with income related compensation up to a certain level and a comprehensive scheme that provides a lower level of basic support. The voluntary scheme requires a minimum of 12 months membership and 6 months employment during

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It is supposed to be compulsory for most full-time employees. If they have been enrolled for at least 6 months and are fired or made redundant, leave the company at the end of their contract, or their contract is non-renewed, the now-unemployed worker will receive unemployment insurance. If a worker

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On leaving a job, employees are supposed to be given a "Rishoku-hyo" document showing their ID number (the same number is supposed to be used by later employers), employment periods, and pay (which contributions are linked to). The reason for leaving is also documented separately. These items affect

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job offered, otherwise sanctions (retrenchment) may be applied. There is no recognition of professional qualifications: An academic has to join the menial workforce, regardless of the fact that their potential might be wasted in that industry. Neither are one's personal religious or ethical concerns

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and Employer organisations are equally represented. UNEDIC is responsible for 3 benefits: ARE, ACA and ASR The main ARE scheme requires a minimum of 122 days membership in the preceding 24 months and certain other requirements before any claims can be made. Employers pay a contribution on top of the

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The UI also includes a scheme to help employers hire people who are unemployed with at least 35 years of UI contributions but have not reached retirement age; unemployed for more than three years; returning from corrective or medical institutions; returning from mandatory military service; disabled;

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Most countries require those receiving unemployment benefits to search for a new job, and can require documentation of job search activities. Benefits may be cut if the applicant does not fulfil the search requirements, or turns down a job offer deemed acceptable by the unemployment benefits agency.

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or short-time working refer to situations or systems in which employees agree to or are forced to accept a reduction in working time and pay. These can be based on individual agreements or on government programs in many countries that try to prevent unemployment. In these, employers have the option

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Another issue with unemployment insurance relates to its effects on state budgets. During recessionary time periods, the number of unemployed rises and they begin to draw benefits from the program. The longer the recession lasts, depending on the state's starting UI program balance, the quicker the

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By law, legally employed workers, regardless of their citizenship are eligible for unemployment benefits given that they are at least 18 years old, the employees contribute 1% to unemployment funds while the employers contribute 2%, and the workers are eligible to receive benefits after 600 days of

2510:. Benefits are managed by the State Public Employment Agency (SEPE). The basis for entitlement is having contributed for a minimum period during the time preceding unemployment, with further conditions that may be applicable. The system comprises contributory benefits and non-contributory benefits. 2483:

for the remaining 3–9 months. Therefore, if approved, one can claim unemployment benefits only to the maximum of 12 continuous months. However, during that period, one has to cooperate with the Unemployment Bureau in finding an employment under the strict guidelines of losing the unemployed status,

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Under the OAED, individuals who are benefiting from long-term unemployment must be within the ages of 20 to 66 years of age and have a family income that does not exceed €10,000 annually. An individual becomes eligible for long-term benefits if the regular unemployment subsidy is exhausted after 12

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The generosity of the Canadian UI program was progressively reduced after the adoption of the 1971 UI Act. At the same time, the federal government gradually reduced its financial contribution, eliminating it entirely by 1990. The EI system was again cut by the Progressive Conservatives in 1990 and

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Eligibility criteria for unemployment benefits typically factor in the applicant's employment history and their reason for being unemployed. Once approved, there is sometimes a waiting period before being able to receive benefits. In the US, there is no waiting period on a temporary basis currently

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Contributory benefits are payable to those unemployed persons with a minimum of 12 months' contributions over a period of six years preceding unemployment. The benefit is payable for 1/3 of the contribution period. The benefit amount is 70% of the legal reference salary plus additional amounts for

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Unemployment benefits are paid daily, with the amount calculated based on the employee's previous income over the past six months, but not exceeding the daily average wage for the first 125 days of payment and two-thirds of the daily average wage from the 126th day onwards. During the unemployment

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A bit over half of EI benefits are paid in Ontario and the Western provinces but EI is especially important in the Atlantic provinces, which have higher rates of unemployment. Many Atlantic workers are also employed in seasonal work such as fishing, forestry or tourism and go on EI over the winter

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Employers contribute 1.4 times the amount of employee premiums. Since 1990, there is no government contribution to this fund. The amount a person receives and how long they can stay on EI varies with their previous salary, how long they were working, and the unemployment rate in their area. The EI

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Most countries calculate the amount of unemployment benefit as a percentage of the applicant's former income. A typical replacement percentage is 50–65%. Some countries offer much higher levels of wage replacement, such as the Netherlands (75%), Luxembourg (80%), and Denmark (90%). There are

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tax rate). In other currencies, as of June 2017, this means a maximum of approximately £900, US$ 1,150, or €1,000, each month after tax. Private insurance is also available, mainly through professional organisations, to provide income-related compensation that otherwise exceeds the ceiling of the

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980 per day. During the first 200 days, the unemployed will receive 80% of his or her normal income during the last 12 months. From day 201–300 this goes down to 70% and from day 301–450 the insurance covers 65% of the normal income (only available for parents to children under the age of 18). In

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The scheme in mainland Netherlands entails that, according to the Werkloosheidswet (Unemployment Law, WW), employers are responsible for paying the contributions to the scheme, which are deducted from the salary received by the employees. In 2012 the contribution was 4.55% of gross salary up to a

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Each Member State of the European Union has its own system and, in general, a worker should claim unemployment benefits in the country where they last worked. For a person working in a country other than their country of residency (a cross-border worker), they will have to claim benefits in their

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For people renting their accommodation, unemployment benefits are supplemented by Rent Assistance, which, for single people as at 20 September 2021, begins to be paid when fortnightly rent is more than A$ 124.60. Rent Assistance is paid as a proportion of total rent paid (75 cents per dollar paid

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Across the world, 72 countries offer a form of unemployment benefits. This includes all 37 OECD countries. Among OECD countries for a hypothetical 40-year-old unemployment benefit applicant, the US and Slovakia are the least generous for potential benefit duration lengths, with PBD of six months.

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increasing influence among the country's working-class population. The Act gave the British working classes a contributory system of insurance against illness and unemployment. It only applied to wage earners, however, and their families and the unwaged had to rely on other sources of support, if

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present empirical evidence from Austria that extending unemployment benefit duration raises wages by improving reemployment firm quality. Similarly, Tatsiramos studied data from European countries and found that although unemployment insurance does increase unemployment duration, the duration of

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Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA) is changed annually; for the 2020/2021 tax year (commencing 6 April 2020) the maximum payable is £74.35 per week for a single person aged over 25 or £58.90 per week for a single person aged 18–24. The rules for couples where both are unemployed are more complex, but a

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has been in force since 1991. In 2005, Armenia adopted the law on Employment of the Population and Social Protection in Case of Unemployment, which provided a legal framework to the Unemployment Insurance and active labour policies. Armenia's UI is a contributory program, which is obligatory for

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An alternative rationale for unemployment insurance is that it may allow for improving the quality of matches between workers and firms. Marimon and Zilibotti argued that although a more generous unemployment benefit system may indeed increase the unemployment rate, it may also help improve the

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Germany does not have an EBT (electronic benefits transfer) card system in place and, instead, disburses welfare in cash or via direct deposit into the recipient's bank account. As of 2022 a single person without children receives at most €449 per month at free disposal intended to cover living

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The maximum unemployment benefit is (as of March 2009) 57.4% of €162 per day (Social security contributions ceiling in 2011), or €6900 per month. Claimants receive 57,4% of their average daily salary of the last 12 months preceding unemployment with the average amount being €1,111 per month. In

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in 1994 and 1996. Amendments made it harder to qualify by increasing the time needed to be worked, although seasonal claimants (who work long hours over short periods) turned out to gain from the replacement, in 1996, of weeks by hours to qualify. The ratio of beneficiaries to unemployed, after

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created the dole system of payments for unemployed workers in the United Kingdom. The dole system provided 39 weeks of unemployment benefits to over 11 million workers—practically the entire civilian working population except domestic service, farmworkers, railroad men, and civil servants.

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principles and was funded by fixed amounts from workers, employers, and taxpayers. It was restricted to particular industries, particularly more volatile ones like shipbuilding, and did not make provision for any dependants. After one week of unemployment, a worker was eligible to receive seven

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Unions are also involved with the unemployment system in Israel. One such union group is the Histadrut which is commonly known as the General Organization of Workers in Israel. One of the Histadrut's main objectives is to creates job assistance programs to help unemployed workers back into the

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Agencies may also provide resources, training, or education for job seekers. Some countries allow beneficiaries to accept part-time jobs without losing benefit eligibility, which can counter the disincentive of unemployment benefits to accepting jobs that do not fully replace the former wages.

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One concern over unemployment insurance increasing unemployment is based on experience rating benefit uses which can sometimes be imperfect. That is, the cost to the employer in increased taxes is less than the benefits that would be paid to the employee upon layoff. The firm in this instance

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Temporary Employment Program – This scheme is designed to aid unemployed people who live in rural areas with high unemployment rates, any area undergoing a financial crisis, or an area that has been hit by a natural disaster or some other kind of emergency. The program funds projects to boost

2275:, with more specific conditions for each case, and the provider is quite always the state. An interesting feature worthy to be discussed is that the Italian system takes in consideration also the economic situation of the employers, and aims as well at relieving them from the costs of crisis. 2868:

Unemployment insurance has varying effects on employment and self-employment rates. As self-employment is generally not covered, an increase in UI generosity creates greater disincentives for self-employment, which leads to a positive correlation between UI generosity and the transition from

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in 1971 making it much easier to get. The system was sometimes called the 10/42, because one had to work for 10 weeks to get benefits for the other 42 weeks of the year. It was also in 1971 that the UI program was first opened up to maternity and sickness benefits, for 15 weeks in each case.

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In order to be eligible, a person has to permanently reside in Germany, be in possession of a work permit, and be fit for work, i.e. can principally work at least three hours a day. The goal of the program is to terminate one's dependence on it (welfare-to-work). It is not a Universal Basic

2317:. Unemployed residents of Mexico City who are at least 18 years of age, have worked for at least six months, have no income, and are actively seeking work are eligible for unemployment benefits for up to six months, which are composed of payments of 30 days' worth of minimum wage per month. 1293:

was elected in 2008, the length of unemployment before one is required to fulfill the requirements of the Activity Agreement (renamed the Employment Pathway Plan) has increased from six to 12 months. There are other options available as alternatives to the Work for the Dole scheme, such as

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Unemployment benefits in Japan are called "unemployment insurance" and are closer to the US or Canadian "user pays" system than the taxpayer funded systems in place in countries such as Britain, New Zealand or Australia. It is paid for by contributions by both the employer and employee.

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on employers and employees. This can be supplemented by the government's general tax revenue, which can occur periodically or in response to economic downturn. Contribution rates are usually between 1 and 3% of gross earnings, and are usually split between the employer and employee.

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over A$ 124.60 up to the maximum). The maximum amount of rent assistance payable is A$ 139.60 per fortnight, and is paid when the total weekly rent exceeds A$ 310.73 per fortnight. Different rates apply to people with partners and/or children, or who are sharing accommodation.

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workforce. Dr. Roby Nathanson, a doctor in economics at the University of Köl, believes these job replacement programs are successful due to the job unemployment rate in Israel. The unemployment rate in Israel in 2009 had been 9.5% and has since dropped to around 4% in 2018.

3515:"Restoring Financial Governance and Accessibility in the Employment Insurance Program – Report of the Standing Committee on Human Resources, Skills Development, Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities: Dissenting Opinion, Conservative Party of Canada" 2384:

The amount that is paid depends on things such as the person's age, income, marital status and whether they have children. It is adjusted annually on 1 April and in response to changes in legislature. Some examples of the maximum after tax weekly rate at 1 April 2019 are:

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as unemployment was judged to be an insurance matter falling under provincial responsibility. After a constitutional amendment was agreed to by all of the provinces, a reference to "Unemployment Insurance" was added to the matters falling under federal authority under the

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National Employment Service – This agency, which has 165 offices nationwide, offers financial support in learning new skills to those aged 16 and above who are unemployed or underemployed, and assistance in finding new jobs in the form of information on vacancies and job

2090:) which provides free health care, optical care, limited dental care, aural care and subsidised prescription drugs carrying a €2.00 per item charge to a maximum monthly contribution of €25 per household (as opposed to subsidised services like non medical-card holders). 2331:

employment by hiring local workers aged 16 and above in jobs such as building infrastructure and promoting development, and conserving the environment and cultural heritage sites. They are paid a salary at 99% of the local minimum wage for a maximum of 132 days a year.

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Employees deemed to have been terminated from their jobs without legitimate cause are also legally entitled to severance pay from their employers, equivalent of one month's pay for each year that the unemployed individual had worked for his or her previous employer.

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of reducing work hours to part-time for many employees instead of laying off some of them and retaining only full-time workers. For example, employees in 27 states of the United States can then receive unemployment payments for the hours they are no longer working.

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countries. Most benefit payments are constant over the course of the PBD, though countries such as the Netherlands, Sweden, Hungary, Slovenia, Spain, and Italy have a declining benefit path, in which the wage replacement percentage decreases over time.

1844:. In order to receive a grant, the individual must not be receiving an income from the previous liberal profession. Seasonal aid is also provided to workers whose jobs cannot be performed through the entire year are also provided benefits by the OAED. 1793:. The possibility of sanctions cutting someone's benefits to zero was declared unconstitutional in 2018. In July 2022 Germany's government implemented a one-year moratorium on sanctions, permitting only a 10% cut for repeatedly missing appointments ( 2799:

found that even if unemployment benefits convince some unemployed to ignore job openings, these openings were quickly filled by new entrants into the labour market. A survey of studies on unemployment insurance's effect on employment by the

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if the unemployed has dependents. For each adult dependent, another €134.70 is added, €112.70 if the recipient (as opposed to the dependent) is aged 18 to 24, and for each child dependent €34 or €37 is added, depending on the child's age.

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91.60 per week. For over-18- to 20-year-olds living at home this increases to A$ 110.15 per week. For those aged 18–20 not living at home the rate is A$ 167.35 per week. There are special rates for those with partners and/or children.

2097:) for two years or have another good reason (such as lived abroad and are returning to Ireland after becoming unemployed or deported). This condition does not apply to Jobseekers Benefit (which is based on Social Insurance payments). 2380:

To get this benefit, a person must meet the conditions and obligations specified in section 88A to 123D Social Security Act 1964. These conditions and obligations cover things such as age, residency status, and availability to work.

1788:

Type II unemployment benefits have been heavily criticized since their introduction. As Type II benefits are meant to ensure a minimum subsistence level, the mechanism of sanctions has repeatedly been a subject in cases before the

1745:): He can not afford a minimum standard living by all incomes in total, or by expending his own previously accumulated assets, e.g. by selling real estate not required or adequate for a bare minimum lifestyle. In the course of the 2701:. Benefits automatically increase when unemployment is high and fall when unemployment is low, smoothing the business cycle; however, others claim that the taxation necessary to support this system serves to decrease employment. 2373:, Jobseeker Support, previously known as the Unemployment Benefit and also known as "the dole" provides income support for people who are looking for work or training for work. It is one of a number of benefits administered by 1632:) is the first-tier program supporting unemployed people. It is designed like an insurance, involuntary unemployment through no personal fault being the "event of damage". It is therefore also known as unemployment insurance ( 2844:

claimant's weekly benefits will decrease from 68% to 62% and the taxable wage base will increase from US$ 8,000 to US$ 12,000, over a ten-year period. These moves are estimated to save the state over US$ 450 million.

1694:

period of time, the minimum being 6 months, with a maximum of 24 months in the case of old and long-term insured people. This takes account for the difficulty older people face when re-entering the job market in Germany.

1698:

In contrast to type II unemployment benefits, there is no means test. However, it is necessary to remain unemployed while seeking employment. In this context unemployment is defined as working less than 15 hours a week.

2214:

to those workers who are suspended or who work only for reduced time due to temporary difficulties of their factories, aiming to help the factories in financial difficulties, by relieving them from the costs of unused

2031:) can involve up to 100% reimbursement per month for wage earners for a maximum of 30 months. However, these rates of reimbursement are determined by previous status of employment, such as whether an individual is a 1479:. Instead, the Conservative government cancelled the EI surpluses entirely in 2010, and required EI contributors to make up the 2009, 2010 and 2011 annual deficits by increasing EI premiums. On 11 December 2008, the 1471:

times the amount needed to cover the extra costs paid during a recession. This drew criticism from Opposition parties and from business and labour groups, and has remained a recurring issue of the public debate. The

1270:, announced that the JobSeeker base rate would be increased by A$ 50 a fortnight from April 2021. It is also intended to increase the threshold amount recipients can earn before their payment starts to be reduced. 2222:): in the same cases granting CIG benefits, companies can sign contracts with reduced work time, to avoid dismissing redundancy workers. The state will grant to those workers the 60% of the lost part of the wage. 1671:

employers. This is in stark contrast to FUTA in the US and other systems, where only employers make contributions. Participation (and thus contributions) are generally mandatory for both employees and employers.

1738:

A person may not eligible for other programmes, especially type I unemployment benefits and pension, but also other legal claims – e.g. dependence on parents, or accounts receivable – can not come to fruition.

2167:

are typically not covered by the national unemployment system and are covered by the community's own social welfare system, unless they are employed outside of their community or directly by the community.

1884:

labour force is highly active, with 74.9% of the population between the ages of 15 and 24 years old and 89.4% of people between the ages of 25 and 55 years old active in the labour market. This low rate of

1608:

has a two-tiered system of unemployment benefits. Their common goal is to eventually cease dependence on unemployment benefits entirely. Both programs assist their beneficiaries to varying degrees through

2821:

average match quality. A similar point is made by Mazur who analyzed the welfare and inequality effects of a policy reform giving entitlement for unemployment insurance to quitters. Arash Nekoei and

2881: 2294:

eligibility, timing, and amount of benefits. The length of time that unemployed workers can receive benefits depends on the age of the employee, and how long they have been employed and paying in.

1409:, and the first Canadian system was adopted in 1940. Because of these problems Canada was the last major Western country to bring in an employment insurance system. It was extended dramatically by 1285:, which requires that people on benefits for six months or longer work voluntarily for a community organisation regardless of whether such work increases their skills or job prospects. Since the 2008:

not only provide the country's labour force fair and equal representation within their respective industries, but also allow for these organizations to maintain an active relationship with the

946:

people. Depending on the country and the status of the person, those sums may be small, covering only basic needs, or may compensate the lost time proportionally to the previous earned salary.

1385:). Formerly called "Unemployment Insurance", the name was changed in 1996. In 2024, Canadian workers paid premiums of 1.66% of insured earnings in return for benefits if they lose their jobs. 2000:

the right to organize and negotiate with employers over fair wages for its members as well as representation for their members in the event of workplace conflicts. These rights for organized

1266:

Effectively, people have had to survive on $ 39 a day since 1994, and there have been calls to raise this by politicians and NGO groups. On 22 February 2021, the Prime Minister of Australia,

2788:, who found the "vast majority" of unemployment was due to "demand shocks" not "-induced supply reductions." A study by Rothstein of extensions of unemployment insurance to 99 weeks during 1015:

By the time of its implementation, the benefits were criticized by communist parties, who saw such insurance as a means to prevent workers from starting a revolution, while employers and

2334:

Income Generating Options Program – People living in poverty in an area of up to a maximum of 15,000 inhabitants are eligible for funding for projects to generate income for themselves.

2792:

to test the hypothesis that unemployment insurance discourages people from seeking jobs found the overall effect of UI on unemployment was to raise it by no more than one-tenth of 1%.

2453:(GSIS). Payments are equal to 50 percent of the claimant's average monthly compensation and are dispensed monthly for two to six months, depending on the claimant's length of service. 2126:

India follows a social insurance system for unemployment benefits much like its European counterparts. Unemployment allowance is given to workers in India who have contributed to the

1992:

that ensures these benefits is The Act on Trade Unions and Industrial Disputes, which was adopted in 1938 and has been amended five times since its inception to adjust to the rise of

4514: 1294:

undertaking part-time work or study and training, the basic premise of the Employment Pathway Plan being to keep the welfare recipient active and involved in seeking full-time work.

1076:

often caps on the maximum benefit level, ranging from 33% of a country's average wage (Turkey) to 227% of its average wage (France). The average maximum benefit level is 77% among

2229:): if the Redundancy Fund does not allow the company to re-establish a good financial situation, the workers can be entitled to mobility allowances. Other companies are provided 3248: 949:

Unemployment benefits are generally given only to those registering as becoming unemployed through no fault of their own, and often on conditions ensuring that they seek work.

4500: 4307: 2540:

that time before any claims can be made. Employers pay a fee on top of the pre-tax income of their employees, which together with membership fees, fund the scheme (see

1003:. The popular measures were introduced to stave off poverty inflicted through unemployment, though they also gave the Liberal Party the added benefit of combatting the 1456: 4294: 3644:

Penketh, Anne; Connolly, Kate; Kirchgaessner, Stephanie; McDonald, Henry; McCurry, Justin; Crouch, David; Walker, Shaun; Smith, David; O'Hara, Mary (15 April 2015).

4186: 4590: 3532:"Text of judgment rendered by the Supreme Court of Canada on Employment Insurance surpluses – Confédération des syndicats nationaux v. Canada (Attorney General)" 4345: 6256: 2130:

for at least three years. The benefit is given for a maximum of one year and is either 50% of the average daily wage or Rs 35,000 a month, whichever is lower.

1483:

rejected a court challenge launched against the federal government by two Quebec unions, who argued that EI funds had been misappropriated by the government.

4118: 2109: 2104: 2086:, among others. People on a low income (which includes those on JA/JB) are entitled to a Medical Card (although this must be applied for separately from the 2552:

Sweden tax is paid on unemployment benefits, so the unemployed will get a maximum of about SEK 10,000 per month during the first 100 days (depending on the

5105:

Hombert, Johan; Schoar, Antoinette; Sraer, David; Thesmar, David (2020). "Can Unemployment Insurance Spur Entrepreneurial Activity? Evidence from France".

4544: 956:"; receiving benefits is informally called "being on the dole". "Dole" here is an archaic expression meaning "one's allotted portion", from the synonymous 4052: 4737: 3618: 1679:

Claimants get 60% of their previous net salary (capped at the social security ceiling), or 67% for claimants with children (as long as beneficiary of

1567:). They are not unemployment benefits and depend on household income, but they have in practice become the basic income of many long-term unemployed. 2808:

have unemployment benefits; and that unemployed workers did not search for work more or reduce their wage expectations once their benefits ran out.

4237: 4069: 2093:

To qualify for Jobseekers Allowance, claimants must satisfy the "Habitual Residence Condition": they must have been legally in the state (or the

1459:, and illness coverage. The program also pays for retraining programs (EI Part II) through labour market agreements with the Canadian provinces. 1984:

system that allows for wage bargaining to occur between the labour force and employers in order to protect workers and ensure provisions like

4086: 1676:

only on earnings up to the social security ceiling (2012: 5,600 EUR). Furthermore, the system is supported by funds from the federal budget.

3334: 5043: 4522: 3480: 3415: 4725: 4558: 3645: 1597:

France, tax and other payroll taxes are paid on unemployment benefits. In 2011, claimants received the allowance for an average 291 days.

2640: 910: 842: 4829:

Unemployment Benefits and Work Incentives: The U.S. Labor Market in the Great Recession (revised), Howell, David R.; Azizoglu, Bert M.;

6094: 6072: 5196: 3033: 3596: 6998: 5222: 4749: 3302: 5086:

Gaillard, Alexandre; Kankanamge, Sumudu (17 January 2023). "Gross Labor Market Flows, Self-Employment, and Unemployment Insurance".

3570: 2479:

on a month-to-month basis for the first three months, then the amount is automatically lowered to 666 zł (US$ 176.20 in April 2019)

1777:

relevant: Prostitution is legal in Germany (although as of 2021 no job centre has urged any beneficiary to engage in prostitution).

6842: 6404: 5519: 2429: 1444: 1354: 1273:

The system in Australia is designed to support recipients no matter how long they have been unemployed. In recent years the former

3514: 2043:, be actively searching for employment, and retaining a 25% position for three months within the past 12 months before filing for 7023: 4311: 2812:

believes that it is more cost effective to lay off the employee, causing more unemployment than under perfect experience rating.

1548:

Regardless of whether benefits are paid by Kela or from an unemployment fund, the unemployed person receives assistance from the

1060: 3448: 3275: 1027:

shillings per week for up to 15 weeks in a year. By 1913, 2.3 million were insured under the unemployment benefit program.

6894: 6340: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5633: 3545: 1772:

their dependence on welfare until no money would be paid. That means, they are obliged to seek for jobs nationwide, and accept

1195: 2343:

Unemployment benefits in the Netherlands were introduced in 1949. Separate schemes exist for mainland Netherlands and for the

4649: 3155: 1755:

Despite its name, unemployment is not a requirement. Due to wage dumping and other labour market dynamics, a large number of

4203: 2351:

ceiling of €4,172 per month. The first €1,435.75 of an employee's gross salaries are not subject to the 4.55% contribution.

1909:

to provide unemployment benefits and protections to workers, which ultimately has led to higher union membership than other

6899: 5787: 5269: 4830: 2989: 2801: 2443: 1244:. Benefit rates are indexed to the Consumer Price Index and are adjusted twice a year according to inflation or deflation. 17: 5238: 4375: 2450: 2313:

Mexico City Unemployment Benefit Scheme – The only unemployment insurance system based on worker contributions exists in

1389: 4486: 3105: 2442:, are entitled to benefits through the Social Security Act of 2018. Unemployment benefits is sourced from the country's 1102:

More generous OECD countries are Sweden (35 months PBD) and Iceland (36 months PBD); in Belgium, the PBD is indefinite.

4826: 3924:

Torben M. Andersen; Bengt Holmström; Seppo Honkapohja; Sixten Korkman; Hans Tson Söderström; Juhana Vartiainen (2007).

2012:

to discuss economic issues, promote labour and social equality, and ensure benefits for unemployed labourers, as these

1451:

when there is no work. There are special rules for fishermen making it easier for them to collect EI. EI also pays for

4332: 7136: 6311: 6099: 6067: 5169: 4353: 2877: 2320: 2180:

are entitled to support from Havtachat Hachnasa, which is income support that is allocated from National Insurance.

2078:

There are more benefits available to unemployed people, usually on a special or specific basis. Benefits include the

1217: 3741: 1120: 7121: 5174: 1683:). The maximum benefit is therefore €2964 (in 2012). If the benefits fall below the poverty line it is possible to 1512: 4446: 3999: 3925: 3788: 2586: 1880:

working-age population were employed, with only 2.8% of the population unemployed. When broken down by age group,

1559:

If the individual does not qualify for any unemployment benefit he may still be eligible for the housing benefit (

7131: 6211: 4814: 2523: 2068: 1576: 1523: 1043:

Unemployment benefits were introduced in Germany in 1927, and in most European countries in the period after the

1036: 903: 4220: 2725: 7177: 7141: 6904: 6276: 6228: 5494: 5442: 5197:

European Union web site: your rights in the European Union for transferring unemployment benefits (Your Europe)

3361: 2789: 2501: 2284: 2189: 1476: 1424: 1199: 2665:. Though policies vary by state, unemployment benefits generally pay eligible workers as high as US$ 1,015 in 6992: 6884: 6296: 5844: 4472: 3622: 2484:

and thus the benefits. In comparison to the unemployment benefits paid by the state, as of January 2019, the

2364: 2127: 2121: 2005: 241: 2417: 503: 7073: 6246: 5297: 5225:– To calculate the unemployment insurance benefits you might receive in the United States (based on rates) 4702: 4428: 3698:"Le Figaro Management - Actualités et conseils sur le monde de l'entreprise, l'emploi et les entrepreneurs" 3202: 2662: 2541: 1790: 1472: 1363: 1325: 1231: 1111: 2298:

quit of their own accord they may have to wait between one and three months before receiving any payment.

7058: 6271: 4896: 4572: 4254: 4168: 2796: 2572:

with free medical care and unemployment benefits. However, the country relies not on taxation but mainly

2309:

lacks a national unemployment insurance system, but it does have five programs to assist the unemployed:

2236: 992: 981: 852: 72: 62: 4234: 1913:. The safety net that these unions provide also leads to more stable job retention and less reliance on 1400:

as an attempted Canadian unemployment insurance program. It was, however, ruled unconstitutional by the

6987: 6869: 6345: 5797: 5489: 5397: 5057: 3321:... the payment was now at 41 per cent of minimum wage, the same level as during the Howard government. 2804:

found that unemployed who collected benefits did not find themselves out of work longer than those who

896: 846: 376: 366: 3388:"2012 EI Monitoring and Assessment Report (Human Resources and Skills Development Canada, March 2013)" 1281:

has increased the requirements of the Activity Agreement, providing for controversial schemes such as

7151: 7146: 6967: 6641: 6552: 6431: 4605: 2901: 2439: 2256: 256: 4776: 4281: 3974: 2398:

NZ$ 350.20 for a married, de facto or civil union couple with or without children (NZ$ 167.83 each).

1727:

colloquially) are an open-ended welfare program intended to ensure people do not fall into poverty.

1491:

The level of benefit is set between the minimum wage and the minimum living allowance by individual

1339:

special rate applicable for Quebec since 2006). The color bands represents successives governments:

7156: 7126: 6817: 6619: 6378: 6335: 6301: 5802: 5792: 5474: 5262: 5071: 2916: 2607: 2507: 2087: 1749:

these harsh standards have temporarily been reduced to a mere sanity check to avoid undue hardship.

1593:

pre-tax income of their employees, which together with the employee contribution, fund the scheme.

1274: 825: 563: 518: 371: 140: 84: 578: 7083: 6962: 6864: 6802: 6614: 6241: 6128: 6062: 5975: 5160: 4410: 3531: 3481:"A Look Back and A Way Forward: Actuarial Views on the Future of the Employment Insurance System" 3416:"A Look Back and A Way Forward: Actuarial Views on the Future of the Employment Insurance System" 3387: 2627:, but for most new claimants this benefit is now instead paid as an element of the comprehensive 1480: 1419: 1401: 1345: 1188: 528: 336: 326: 286: 276: 183: 106: 4995: 4025: 3487: 3422: 6937: 6889: 6859: 6696: 6664: 6654: 6471: 6456: 6436: 6318: 6089: 6084: 5359: 4771: 4053:"Number of days of entitlement to payment per month – Period of entitlement | ביטוח לאומי" 3923: 2956: 2936: 2732: 2689:, the fact that unemployment insurance lowers on-the-job effort and reduces job-search effort. 2462: 2355:

special benefit called the IOAW, if they do not receive the regular unemployment benefit (WW).

2252: 1799:). This measure was taken as a precursor to restructuring type II unemployment benefits into a 1588:, under which unemployment benefits are distributed by an independent agency (UNEDIC) in which 1406: 1286: 1247:

There are two types of payment available to those experiencing unemployment. The first, called

698: 543: 281: 221: 178: 125: 5217: 5091: 4945: 2653:

In the United States, there are 50 state unemployment insurance programs plus one each in the

2438:, workers in the private sector who involuntarily became unemployed, including housemaids and 1768:

People receiving benefits are obligated to cease their eligibility at all costs, but at least

6874: 6812: 6757: 6706: 6328: 5859: 5832: 5504: 5432: 4996:"Unemployment Insurance in Europe: Unemployment Duration and Subsequent Employment Stability" 4641: 4614: 3401: 3145: 2645: 2405:

More information about this benefit and the amounts paid are on the Work and Income website.

2344: 2017: 1800: 832: 513: 488: 473: 331: 271: 251: 246: 3218: 3041: 2951: 6947: 6723: 6676: 6496: 6491: 6266: 6261: 6236: 6176: 6020: 6000: 5952: 5822: 5737: 5575: 3871:

Scruggs, Lyle (1 June 2002). "The Ghent System and Union Membership in Europe, 1970–1996".

3130: 2931: 2698: 2654: 1910: 1500: 1009: 583: 405: 356: 321: 261: 226: 130: 120: 67: 5075:

U.S. Department of Labor, Comparison of State Unemployment Insurance Laws tbl. 4-5 (2019).

3760: 2233:

for employing them. This measure has been abolished in 2012 and will stop working in 2017.

8: 7182: 6852: 6847: 6785: 6733: 6451: 6419: 6409: 6291: 6281: 5812: 5807: 5628: 5608: 5529: 5449: 5427: 5407: 5255: 3716: 3646:"Which are the best countries in the world to live in if you are unemployed or disabled?" 2056: 2009: 1945: 1056: 809: 618: 440: 381: 306: 296: 266: 193: 101: 4762:

Rothstein, Jesse (2011). "Unemployment Insrance and Job Search in the Great Recession".

3816: 3005: 1155:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

478: 6952: 6916: 6780: 6669: 6649: 6522: 6486: 6373: 6355: 6286: 5922: 5782: 5762: 5717: 5618: 5603: 5164: 5026: 4976: 4926: 4877: 4797: 4789: 4684: 4667:"Why do Unemployment Benefits Raise Unemployment Durations? Moral Hazard vs. Liquidity" 3888: 3230: 2094: 1914: 1841: 1496: 996: 837: 793: 598: 435: 430: 410: 361: 301: 291: 236: 231: 203: 198: 168: 36: 4100: 1687:

type I unemployment benefits with type II benefits if its conditions are met as well.

7063: 7043: 6775: 6740: 6572: 6466: 6446: 6365: 6218: 6153: 5827: 5777: 5752: 5712: 5707: 5638: 5484: 5179: 5087: 4688: 4645: 4466: 3892: 3653: 3455: 3222: 3178: 3151: 3118: 2985: 2760: 2682: 2466: 2268: 2202:), up to the 75% of the previous wages for up to sixteen months. Other measures are: 2139: 1746: 1311: 1282: 1260: 1252: 1004: 728: 703: 613: 493: 450: 386: 351: 341: 173: 135: 91: 5030: 4980: 4930: 4881: 4827:

http://www.peri.umass.edu/236/hash/10dbb94dafa96d904bcaf546ee3b02a2/publication/456/

4801: 3234: 1063:

effectively encouraged the individual states to adopt unemployment insurance plans.

952:

In British English, unemployment benefits are also colloquially referred to as "the

653: 7033: 6822: 6790: 6750: 6745: 6542: 6532: 6350: 6181: 6138: 6111: 6106: 5960: 5927: 5917: 5767: 5695: 5499: 5437: 5417: 5402: 5122: 5114: 5018: 5010: 4968: 4960: 4916: 4908: 4867: 4859: 4781: 4674: 3880: 3214: 2941: 2628: 2611: 2535:, under which a significant proportion of unemployment benefits are distributed by 1961: 1941: 1925: 1765:

their monthly income. They have the same obligations as non-working beneficiaries.

1492: 1393: 1044: 778: 723: 708: 693: 678: 608: 588: 568: 523: 396: 346: 316: 311: 4912: 4591:"Not all unemployed people get unemployment benefits; in some states, very few do" 4132: 1463: 658: 7093: 7028: 6837: 6807: 6795: 6659: 6557: 6424: 5757: 5524: 5327: 5302: 5292: 5201: 4241: 4207: 4200: 3203:"The Effects of Unemployment Insurance Benefits: New Evidence and Interpretation" 3081: 3063: 3010: 2889: 2785: 2781: 2624: 2374: 2244: 2211: 2036: 1869: 1432: 1378: 1248: 872: 783: 748: 713: 648: 573: 558: 445: 420: 415: 391: 163: 158: 3846: 1645:

must have made contributions for at least 12 months in the past 30-month period,

1331:

Evolution since 1972 of Employment Insurance (UI before 1996) contribution rate

7078: 6827: 6728: 6681: 6383: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6042: 5970: 5727: 5685: 5369: 5337: 5242: 5014: 4613:, Washington, DC: Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs, 3954: 3884: 3697: 2579:

Payment: 2000 SAR (US$ 534) for 12 months for an unemployed person aged 18–35.

1918: 1818: 1542: 1452: 1440: 1410: 1267: 988: 803: 788: 753: 738: 718: 688: 508: 425: 115: 111: 976: 538: 7171: 7053: 6972: 6957: 6942: 6713: 6691: 6597: 6481: 6414: 6388: 6323: 6166: 6123: 6118: 5965: 5849: 5747: 5469: 5322: 5307: 4844: 4738:

Unemployment Insurance and Job Search in the Great Recession. Jesse Rothstein

3657: 3226: 3126: 2946: 2906: 2681:

The economic argument for unemployment insurance comes from the principle of

2666: 2569: 2548: 1993: 1969: 1949: 1708: 1680: 1397: 1048: 1000: 768: 758: 733: 673: 668: 663: 643: 633: 603: 593: 498: 401: 4863: 3303:"Prime Minister argues $ 25 per week increase to JobSeeker is 'appropriate'" 2826:

subsequent employment tends to be longer (suggesting better match quality).

1667:), contribute to the system. It is financed by contributions from employees 52: 7088: 7068: 7048: 7038: 7013: 6767: 6602: 6582: 6567: 6537: 6527: 6306: 6161: 6143: 6079: 6057: 6015: 6005: 5902: 5892: 5864: 5595: 5585: 5412: 5352: 4845:"Unemployment vs. Mismatch of Talents: Reconsidering Unemployment Benefits" 3789:"Greece – Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion – European Commission" 2926: 2822: 2686: 2565: 2553: 2532: 2485: 2149: 2044: 1985: 1933: 1890: 1886: 1857: 1756: 1585: 1538: 943: 884: 798: 743: 638: 628: 623: 548: 96: 5191: 5183: 4785: 4447:"Social Services (2) – SAMIRAD (Saudi Arabia Market Information Resource)" 4150: 3348:

We update Rent Assistance rates on 20 March and 20 September each year,...

2039:, as well as meeting certain mandates such as being a current resident of 6701: 6624: 6592: 6052: 5995: 5613: 5570: 5545: 5514: 5509: 5464: 5389: 5379: 5364: 5317: 5187: 5145: 5127: 4964: 2921: 2882:

Employment Promotion and Protection against Unemployment Convention, 1988

2852: 2670: 2658: 2536: 2435: 2370: 2314: 2032: 2013: 2001: 1997: 1989: 1981: 1906: 1589: 1467: 1317:

Evolution of the number of EI beneficiaries in Canada by month since 1997

1278: 1089: 957: 773: 763: 553: 188: 4972: 4793: 968:" is someone on unemployment benefits who makes no effort to find work. 6911: 6718: 6631: 6609: 6577: 6476: 6461: 6441: 6206: 6171: 6133: 6047: 6010: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5897: 5854: 5839: 5817: 5742: 5580: 5560: 5479: 5347: 5342: 5312: 5278: 5118: 5022: 3929: 2885: 2856: 2576:

revenues to maintain the social and economic services to its populace.

2272: 1977: 1973: 1965: 1742: 1290: 1241: 1202: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 683: 483: 4921: 3678: 2255:, this provision is actually a form of conditional and non-individual 1868:) and meet a specific criteria set forth by the department. Icelandic 7098: 7018: 6832: 6517: 5871: 5772: 5732: 5702: 5623: 5459: 5422: 4872: 4666: 2230: 1237: 1052: 533: 464: 44: 5228: 5058:

http://migration.kentucky.gov/Newsroom/governor/20100615unempins.htm

3643: 2685:. One common criticism of unemployment insurance is that it induces 1177: 6932: 5990: 5980: 5912: 5907: 5876: 5722: 5677: 5555: 5550: 5454: 5332: 4679: 2961: 2911: 2449:

For government workers, unemployment benefits are sourced from the

2412: 987:

The first modern unemployment benefit scheme was introduced in the

2263:

In the Italian unemployment insurance system all the measures are

6562: 6512: 6251: 6201: 5985: 5690: 5374: 5234:

Unemployment Assistance and Transition to Employment in Argentina

5212: 4161: 3241: 3106:

The Cabinet Papers 1915–1982: National Health Insurance Act 1911.

2160: 2040: 2024: 1957: 1953: 1937: 1917:

employment. Only 11.9% of the working population is dependent on

1898: 1894: 1881: 1877: 1861: 1605: 1116: 1023: 5233: 5072:

https://oui.doleta.gov/unemploy/pdf/uilawcompar/2019/special.pdf

3327: 3249:"Energy Supplement - Payment rates on a pension or an allowance" 2775: 2389:

NZ$ 200.80 For a single person aged 20–24 years without children

6686: 6034: 5673: 5206: 4429:"Mofa Ksa || وزارة الخارجية المملكة العربية السعودية" 2528: 2472: 2306: 2264: 2164: 2145: 1929: 1902: 1864:, one must submit an application to the Directorate of Labour ( 1817:

Unemployment benefits in Greece are administered through OAED (

1581: 1374: 867: 3082:"Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words" 2815: 6547: 5247: 4515:"Unemployment benefit assessment during coronavirus pandemic" 4070:"Conditions of eligibility – Unemployment | ביטוח לאומי" 3421:. Canadian Institute of Actuaries. p. 14. Archived from 2606:

Unemployment benefit is paid in the United Kingdom either as

2248: 2195: 4726:

Would Extending Unemployment Benefits Increase Unemployment?

3486:. Canadian Institute of Actuaries. p. 8. Archived from 1876:

country. In the most recent financial quarter, 85.8% of the

1051:. Unemployment insurance in the United States originated in 6587: 6030: 4946:"Does Extending Unemployment Benefits Improve Job Quality?" 4607:

The Automatic Fiscal Stabilizers: Quietly Doing Their Thing

4346:"House bill seeks to triple unemployment benefits from SSS" 4087:"Calculation of benefit – Benefit rates | ביטוח לאומי" 3294: 1873: 1077: 1016: 1008:

any. Key figures in the implementation of the Act included

4396:"Rząd podnosi pensję minimalną. Jest ostateczna decyzja", 4093: 2649:

Unemployment rate by county from January 1990 – March 2017

1651:

be able to work now or at least in the foreseeable future.

1443:, a service delivery network reporting to the Minister of 5565: 5104: 4133:"Unemployment and Job Seekers in the Israeli Labor Force" 3724: 2740: 2573: 2198:

consist mainly of cash transfers based on contributions (

5213:

Government site: One-Stop Career Centers – in each state

5202:

Government site: Latest month's unemployment rate report

3147:

British Unemployment 1919–1939: A Study in Public Policy

2736: 2506:

The Spanish unemployment benefits system is part of the

1462:

A significant part of the federal fiscal surplus of the

4559:"How do savings and lump sum pay-outs affect benefits?" 4199:

Tokyo Employment Service Centre for Foreigners website

3268: 2982:

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English

2863: 1956:

not only sees high government involvement in providing

27:

Payments made by authorized bodies to unemployed people

6257:

List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents

4815:

Policies for Increasing Economic Growth and Employment

2547:

The maximum unemployment benefit is (as of July 2016)

1563:) from Kela and municipal social welfare provisions ( 1377:, the system is known as "Employment Insurance" (EI, 3597:"Preconditions of earnings-related daily allowancet" 3404:. Public Services and Procurement Canada. July 2002. 3200: 3108:

The National Archives, 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2013.

2251:

in January 2019. Although its name recalls one of a

2100:

More information on each benefit can be found here:

1690:

Type I unemployment benefits are only granted for a

2847: 2557:scheme. The comprehensive scheme is funded by tax. 2377:, a service of the Ministry of Social Development. 1826: 5218:Text of the California Unemployment Insurance Code 5085: 4411:"importe maximo desempleo 2018 – Ayudas a Parados" 3201:Schmieder, Johannes F.; von Wachter, Till (2016). 2872: 2055:People aged 18 and over and who are unemployed in 1661:), except freelancers and certain civil servants ( 1475:, chose not to recognize those EI surpluses after 2697:To Keynesians, unemployment insurance acts as an 7169: 4297:Manuals and Procedures – Work and Income website 2676: 2059:can apply for either the Jobseeker's Allowance ( 1980:market for economic growth, yet also embraces a 1872:have traditionally been higher than every other 1702: 1655:All workers with a regular employment contract ( 4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4453:. Archived from the original on 26 October 2006 4275: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4267: 3736: 3734: 3473: 2392:NZ$ 210.13 for a single person 25 years or over 1623: 5209:-US unemployment insurance for 47 of 50 states 4721: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4282:"How to Claim Unemployment Benefits in Mexico" 4151:"Macro Center for Political Economics - Staff" 4081: 4079: 4064: 4062: 3512: 3301:Norman, Jane; Snape, Jack (22 February 2021). 2984:. Oxford University Press. 2015. p. 454. 2617: 1088:Unemployment benefits are typically funded by 942:, are payments made by governmental bodies to 5263: 4603: 4047: 4045: 3955:"Act of Trade Unions and Industrial Disputes" 3717:"Greeks go back to basics as recession bites" 3143: 2776:Unemployment insurance effect on unemployment 2735:. Consider transferring direct quotations to 1893:, which has been adopted by the countries of 904: 5003:Journal of the European Economic Association 4620: 4308:"Work and Income Unemployment Benefit Rates" 4264: 4125: 3817:"Unemployment Benefits | Fjölmenningarsetur" 3731: 3714: 3276:"John Howard joins calls for Newstart boost" 3196: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 1804: 1794: 1714: 1662: 1656: 1633: 1619:if necessary, getting state-funded training. 4712: 4076: 4059: 3300: 3164: 2816:Unemployment insurance effect on employment 2641:Unemployment insurance in the United States 2401:Plus winter payments of extra NZ$ 20 a week 2271:level. The basis for entitlement is always 1976:and markets. The country relies on an open 1831: 1735:The benefits are subordinated, that means: 1641:In order to qualify, the unemployed person 1541:and a minimum level of support provided by 5270: 5256: 4993: 4728:. Simon van Zuylen-Wood. 30 November 2011 4179: 4143: 4042: 3847:"Employment – Employment rate – OECD Data" 2829: 1823:Οργανισμός Απασχόλησης Εργατικού Δυναμικού 911: 897: 6999:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act 5243:History of Social Security in Switzerland 5126: 5044:Unemployment Insurance Trust Funds Update 4920: 4897:"Can welfare abuse be welfare improving?" 4871: 4775: 4761: 4678: 3185: 3170: 2692: 2488:is 2250,00 zł (US$ 595.51 in April 2019) 2200:Assicurazione Sociale per l'Impiego, ASPI 1537:Two systems run in parallel, combining a 1218:Learn how and when to remove this message 6843:Job losses caused by the Great Recession 5520:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates 4750:The Blind Spot in Romney's Economic Plan 4376:"Unemployment of Involuntary Separation" 4279: 4023: 3767:Οργαισμοσ Απαχολησησ Εργατικου Δυναμικου 3679:"Accueil Pôle emploi | Pôle emploi" 3335:"Rent Assistance - How much you can get" 3117: 2669:to a low as US$ 235 per week maximum in 2644: 2430:Unemployment benefits in the Philippines 1445:Employment and Social Development Canada 1355:Progressive Conservative Party of Canada 1019:sometimes saw it as a "necessary evil". 975: 7024:Credentialism and educational inflation 5158: 4842: 4703:"The Folly of Subsidizing Unemployment" 4604:Cohen, Darrel; Follette, Glenn (1999), 3870: 3742:"OAED Unemployment Benefits (in Greek)" 3337:. Services Australia. 20 September 2020 3219:10.1146/annurev-economics-080614-115758 3111: 1061:federal government of the United States 1030: 14: 7170: 6895:List of countries by unemployment rate 4943: 4664: 4201:For foreign nationals working in Japan 3969: 3967: 3949: 3947: 3908: 3904: 3902: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3811: 3809: 3715:Hadjimatheou, Chloe (20 August 2012). 3563: 2610:or (for most people) as an element of 2061:Liúntas do Lucht Cuardaigh Fostaíochta 1335:as a % of insurable earnings (in 1259:The second kind of payment is called ' 5251: 4894: 4764:Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 4752:Jonathan Cohn| tnr.com| 29 April 2012 4633: 4378:. Government Service Insurance System 3755: 3753: 3751: 3368:. Canada Revenue Agency. January 2024 3309:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2726:too many or overly lengthy quotations 2210:, or CIG): cash benefits provided as 2065:Sochar do Lucht Cuardaigh Fostaíochta 1988:benefits are ensured. Currently, the 1972:model, it is also heavily reliant on 1889:is attributed to the adoption of the 1616:help in finding work or training, and 1096: 5788:Practice-based professional learning 4831:Political Economy Research Institute 4671:National Bureau of Economic Research 3402:"Public Accounts of Canada for 2012" 2864:Self-employment and employment rates 2802:Political Economy Research Institute 2708: 2704: 2148:, unemployment benefits are paid by 1996:. In Section 1, Articles 1–13 grant 1200:adding citations to reliable sources 1171: 1135: 6341:Workers' right to access the toilet 5207:Supplemental Unemployment Insurance 4169:"Israel Domestic Unemployment Rate" 3964: 3944: 3899: 3834: 3806: 3571:"Social security systems in the EU" 2451:Government Service Insurance System 2267:-related, and they have an average 1390:Employment and Social Insurance Act 24: 4255:"Employment Insurance Law (Japan)" 4024:Norðdahl, Magnús M. (1 May 2013). 3975:"Unemployment benefits in Iceland" 3762:Συχνές Ερωτήσεις Επιδόματα Παροχές 3748: 3695: 3546:"Chapter V Unemployment Insurance" 3513:Peter Van Loan (9 February 2005). 2838: 1940:adopted borrows aspects of both a 1121:Unemployment Insurance (UI) scheme 25: 7194: 5239:Unemployment Funds in Switzerland 5170:Concise Encyclopedia of Economics 5152: 4994:Tatsiramos, Konstantinos (2009). 4352:. 7 February 2021. Archived from 4280:Theodore, Amy (17 October 2020). 4187:"Unemployment Benefits in Israel" 3449:"Public Accounts of Canada, 2008" 3121:(1950). "Group Disorganization". 2878:International Labour Organization 2601: 2321:Mexican Social Security Institute 1517: 7112: 7111: 6405:Corporate collapses and scandals 5175:Library of Economics and Liberty 4665:Chetty, Raj (14 November 2005). 2892:including unemployment benefit. 2848:Job sharing / short-time working 2713: 2634: 1513:Unemployment benefits in Denmark 1324: 1310: 1176: 1140: 878: 866: 51: 5098: 5079: 5065: 5051: 5037: 4987: 4937: 4888: 4836: 4820: 4808: 4755: 4743: 4731: 4695: 4658: 4597: 4583: 4573:"What Is Wrongful Termination?" 4565: 4551: 4537: 4507: 4493: 4479: 4439: 4421: 4403: 4390: 4368: 4338: 4326: 4300: 4288: 4247: 4227: 4213: 4193: 4111: 4017: 3992: 3917: 3864: 3781: 3708: 3689: 3671: 3637: 3611: 3589: 3538: 3524: 3506: 3441: 3408: 3394: 3380: 3354: 3262:single, with no children $ 8.80 2873:International Labour Convention 2767: 2587:Social Services of Saudi Arabia 2560: 2524:Unemployment benefits in Sweden 2508:Social security system of Spain 2069:Department of Social Protection 2016:are highly centralized and not 1713:Type II unemployment benefits ( 1577:Unemployment benefits in France 1524:European unemployment insurance 1187:needs additional citations for 1037:Unemployment Insurance Act 1920 153:Concepts, theory and techniques 6905:Employment-to-population ratio 6277:Occupational health psychology 5277: 4521:. 7 April 2020. Archived from 3454:. p. 4.16. Archived from 3362:"EI premium rates and maximum" 3137: 3099: 3074: 3056: 3026: 3011:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 2998: 2974: 2795:A November 2011 report by the 2502:Unemployment benefits in Spain 2423: 2358: 2338: 2285:Unemployment insurance (Japan) 2190:Unemployment benefits in Italy 2071:and are nicknamed "the dole". 2063:) or the Jobseeker's Benefit ( 1741:The person has to be in need ( 1628:Type I unemployment benefits ( 1392:was passed in 1935 during the 1383:Prestations d’assurance-emploi 13: 1: 6993:Works Progress Administration 6885:Unemployment Convention, 1919 6297:Personal protective equipment 5845:Occupational Outlook Handbook 5229:Office of the Public Guardian 4913:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.07.001 4244:Retrieved on 23 November 2010 4210:Retrieved on 23 November 2010 3171:Zimmerman, Joseph F. (1970). 3150:. Cambridge U.P. p. 37. 2967: 2677:Economic rationale and issues 2365:Social welfare in New Zealand 1703:Type II unemployment benefits 7074:Psychopathy in the workplace 6247:Human factors and ergonomics 5047:Council of State Governments 4233:Nagoya International Center 4173:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org 4101:"Claim unemployment benefit" 3873:Political Research Quarterly 2663:United States Virgin Islands 2542:Unemployment funds in Sweden 2395:NZ$ 325.98 for a sole parent 1791:Federal Constitutional Court 1624:Type I unemployment benefits 1453:maternity and parental leave 1364:Conservative Party of Canada 1232:Social security in Australia 1131: 1112:Social protection in Armenia 1066: 7: 7059:Narcissism in the workplace 6272:Occupational exposure limit 4901:Journal of Public Economics 4561:. The Money Advice Service. 4487:"Social security in Turkey" 2895: 2797:Congressional Budget Office 2618:Jobseeker's Allowance rates 2208:Cassa integrazione guadagni 1827: 993:National Insurance Act 1911 982:National Insurance Act 1911 10: 7199: 6988:Civil Works Administration 6870:Technological unemployment 6346:Workplace health promotion 5798:Professional certification 5495:Personality–job fit theory 5159:Francis, David R. (1992). 5015:10.1162/JEEA.2009.7.6.1225 4501:"Check if you can get JSA" 4400:, 11 September 2018 (pol.) 3913:. CQPress. pp. 12–17. 3885:10.1177/106591290205500201 3207:Annual Review of Economics 3174:State and Local Government 2638: 2521: 2499: 2460: 2427: 2362: 2282: 2187: 2137: 2128:Employees' State Insurance 2122:Employees' State Insurance 2119: 2080:Housing Assistance Payment 2050: 1960:and amenities as with the 1851: 1706: 1600: 1574: 1532: 1521: 1510: 1506: 1229: 1109: 1105: 1047:with the expansion of the 971: 7107: 7006: 6968:Guaranteed minimum income 6925: 6766: 6640: 6553:Organizational commitment 6505: 6397: 6364: 6227: 6152: 6029: 5951: 5885: 5672: 5594: 5538: 5388: 5285: 5223:Economic Policy Institute 4691:– via www.nber.org. 4634:Rosen, Harvey S. (2008). 4471:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2902:Compensation of employees 2888:against unemployment and 2592: 2517: 2456: 2440:Overseas Filipino Workers 2301: 2257:guaranteed minimum income 2194:Unemployment benefits in 2133: 2023:Unemployment benefits in 1832: 1822: 1812: 1570: 1301: 1149:This section needs to be 1012:and William Braithwaite. 936:unemployment compensation 7137:Aspects of organizations 6818:Involuntary unemployment 6379:Equal pay for equal work 6302:Repetitive strain injury 5803:Professional development 5793:Professional association 5475:Letter of recommendation 5161:"Unemployment Insurance" 5144:, Second edition, 2002, 4953:American Economic Review 4817:cbo.gov 15 November 2011 4673:. Working Paper Series. 4119:"Unemployment in Israel" 4000:"Rights and obligations" 3909:Bowman, John R. (1952). 3761: 3282:. 9News. AAP. 9 May 2018 2917:Involuntary unemployment 2733:summarize the quotations 2495: 2418:Social Security Act 1964 2278: 2220:Contratti di solidarietà 2183: 2115: 2088:Health Service Executive 2067:). Both are paid by the 1905:, and highly emphasizes 1635:Arbeitslosenversicherung 1486: 1457:compassionate care leave 1022:The scheme was based on 141:JEL classification codes 7122:Aspects of corporations 7084:Slow movement (culture) 6963:Employer of last resort 6865:Structural unemployment 6803:Frictional unemployment 6242:Epilepsy and employment 6129:Performance-related pay 6063:National average salary 5976:996 working hour system 4864:10.1111/1468-0297.00432 4843:Marimon, Ramon (1999). 4707:The Wall Street Journal 4545:"Jobseeker's Allowance" 4335:Work and Income website 4240:4 December 2010 at the 4004:www.vinnumalastofnun.is 3068:www.merriam-webster.com 2830:Effect on state budgets 2413:Work and Income website 2241:reddito di cittadinanza 1907:trade and labour unions 1550:Työ- ja elinkeinokeskus 1481:Supreme Court of Canada 1402:Supreme Court of Canada 1346:Liberal Party of Canada 327:Industrial organization 184:Computational economics 7132:Aspects of occupations 6938:Unemployment insurance 6890:Unemployment extension 6860:Reserve army of labour 6665:Constructive dismissal 6472:Sleeping while on duty 6437:Exploitation of labour 6319:Sick building syndrome 5490:Person–environment fit 5360:Independent contractor 5107:The Journal of Finance 4944:Nekoei, Arash (2017). 4640:. New York, New York: 4221:"Employment insurance" 4026:"Icelandic Labour Law" 3621:. KELA. Archived from 3144:W. R. Garside (2002). 2957:Unemployment extension 2937:Reserve army of labour 2693:Macroeconomic function 2650: 2463:Unemployment in Poland 2444:Social Security System 2253:universal basic income 2218:Solidarity Contracts ( 2018:politically affiliated 1805: 1795: 1719:, also referred to as 1715: 1663: 1657: 1634: 1529:country of residence. 1407:Constitution Act, 1867 1382: 984: 980:Leaflet promoting the 928:unemployment insurance 179:Experimental economics 7178:Unemployment benefits 7142:Aspects of workplaces 6880:Unemployment benefits 6875:Types of unemployment 6813:Graduate unemployment 6707:Letter of resignation 6336:Workers' compensation 6329:Occupational fatality 5833:Vocational university 5433:Employment counsellor 4895:Mazur, Karol (2016). 4786:10.1353/eca.2011.0018 4642:McGraw-Hill Education 4615:Federal Reserve Board 4415:www.ayudasparados.com 3131:The Macmillan Company 2648: 2608:Jobseeker's Allowance 2345:Caribbean Netherlands 2227:Indennità di mobilità 2225:Mobility allowances ( 2105:Jobseeker's Allowance 1658:abhängig Beschäftigte 1477:being elected in 2006 1439:system is managed by 1396:by the government of 1055:in 1932. Through the 979: 924:Unemployment benefits 6948:Job creation program 6724:Mandatory retirement 6677:Employee offboarding 6497:Workplace incivility 6492:Workplace harassment 6267:Occupational disease 6262:Occupational burnout 6177:Disability insurance 6021:Workweek and weekend 6001:Retroactive overtime 5823:Vocational education 5738:Continuing education 5576:Permanent employment 4965:10.1257/aer.20150528 4852:The Economic Journal 4333:Unemployment Benefit 4295:Unemployment Benefit 3911:Capitalisms Compared 3390:. 25 September 2014. 3251:. Services Australia 3064:"Definition of DOLE" 3034:"Definition of Dole" 2932:Participation income 2855:or work sharing and 2699:automatic stabilizer 2655:District of Columbia 2010:Icelandic government 1964:model, but like the 1919:temporary employment 1911:capitalist economies 1196:improve this article 1031:Expansion and spread 1010:Robert Laurie Morant 964:. In Australia, a " 932:unemployment payment 406:Social choice theory 18:Employment insurance 6853:Recession-proof job 6848:Lists of recessions 6786:Economic depression 6734:Retirement planning 6615:Work–life interface 6452:Employee monitoring 6420:Corporate behaviour 6410:Accounting scandals 6292:Occupational stress 6282:Occupational injury 5813:Reflective practice 5808:Professional school 5530:Work-at-home scheme 5450:Induction programme 5428:Employment contract 5408:Business networking 4577:The Balance Careers 4206:14 May 2011 at the 4189:. 25 February 2014. 4121:. 17 December 2013. 2790:the Great Recession 2486:minimum monthly pay 2110:Jobseeker's Benefit 2006:Ministry of Welfare 1747:SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic 1716:Arbeitslosengeld II 1613:a living allowance, 1057:Social Security Act 873:Business portal 194:Operations research 174:National accounting 7116:See also templates 6953:Job creation index 6917:Youth unemployment 6781:Discouraged worker 6670:Wrongful dismissal 6650:At-will employment 6523:Civil conscription 6487:Workplace bullying 6374:Affirmative action 6356:Workplace wellness 6287:Occupational noise 5923:Long service leave 5783:Overspecialization 5763:Induction training 5718:Career development 5165:David R. Henderson 5119:10.1111/jofi.12880 4525:on 14 October 2023 4503:. Citizens Advice. 4356:on 7 February 2021 3926:"The Nordic Model" 3683:www.pole-emploi.fr 3179:Barnes & Noble 3119:Bogardus, Emory S. 2651: 2247:system created in 2243:): it is a social 2095:Common Travel Area 2029:atvinnuleysisbætur 1842:liberal profession 1801:citizen's dividend 1648:be unemployed, and 1630:Arbeitslosengeld I 1497:autonomous regions 1473:Conservative Party 1418:1993, then by the 1097:Systems by country 985: 204:Industrial complex 199:Middle income trap 7165: 7164: 7064:Post-work society 7044:Kiss up kick down 6776:Barriers to entry 6741:Severance package 6573:Human trafficking 6467:Sexual harassment 6447:Employee handbook 6366:Equal opportunity 6229:Safety and health 6219:Take-home vehicle 5828:Vocational school 5778:Lifelong learning 5753:Further education 5713:Career counseling 5708:Career assessment 5485:Overqualification 5140:Bojas George J., 4709:, 30 August 2010. 4651:978-0-07-351128-3 3932:on 27 August 2017 3550:www.mohrss.gov.cn 3157:978-0-521-89254-4 3038:Oxford Dictionary 3014:. Merriam-Webster 2884:for promotion of 2761:Adverse selection 2758: 2757: 2705:Adverse selection 2683:adverse selection 2467:Welfare in Poland 2269:decommodification 2206:Redundancy Fund ( 2140:Welfare in Israel 2004:set forth by the 1962:social-democratic 1942:social-democratic 1926:social-democratic 1289:government under 1283:Work for the Dole 1277:government under 1261:JobSeeker Payment 1228: 1227: 1220: 1170: 1169: 921: 920: 16:(Redirected from 7190: 7152:Critique of work 7147:Corporate titles 7115: 7114: 7034:Evil corporation 6900:Employment rates 6823:Jobless recovery 6791:Great Depression 6751:Golden parachute 6746:Golden handshake 6543:Job satisfaction 6533:Critique of work 6351:Workplace phobia 6182:Health insurance 6139:Wage compression 6107:Progressive wage 5961:35-hour workweek 5928:No call, no show 5918:Leave of absence 5768:Knowledge worker 5696:Master craftsman 5500:Personality hire 5438:Executive search 5418:Curriculum vitae 5403:Background check 5272: 5265: 5258: 5249: 5248: 5178: 5173:(1st ed.). 5142:labour Economics 5133: 5132: 5130: 5113:(3): 1247–1285. 5102: 5096: 5095: 5083: 5077: 5069: 5063: 5055: 5049: 5041: 5035: 5034: 5009:(6): 1225–1260. 5000: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4950: 4941: 4935: 4934: 4924: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4875: 4858:(455): 266–291. 4849: 4840: 4834: 4824: 4818: 4812: 4806: 4805: 4779: 4759: 4753: 4747: 4741: 4740:9 September 2011 4735: 4729: 4723: 4710: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4682: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4631: 4618: 4617: 4612: 4601: 4595: 4594: 4593:. 24 April 2020. 4587: 4581: 4580: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4497: 4491: 4490: 4483: 4477: 4476: 4470: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4407: 4401: 4398:Business Insider 4394: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4372: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4342: 4336: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4310:. 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Archived from 3030: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3002: 2996: 2995: 2991:978-0-19-4798839 2978: 2942:Social insurance 2880:has adopted the 2753: 2750: 2744: 2717: 2716: 2709: 2629:Universal Credit 2612:Universal Credit 2237:Citizens' income 1870:employment rates 1866:Vinnumálastofnun 1835: 1834: 1830: 1824: 1808: 1798: 1718: 1666: 1660: 1637: 1433:Canadian dollars 1394:Great Depression 1361: 1352: 1343: 1328: 1314: 1223: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1203: 1180: 1172: 1165: 1162: 1156: 1144: 1143: 1136: 1045:Second World War 913: 906: 899: 885:Money portal 883: 882: 881: 871: 870: 367:Natural resource 159:Economic systems 55: 32: 31: 21: 7198: 7197: 7193: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7188: 7187: 7168: 7167: 7166: 7161: 7157:Organized labor 7127:Aspects of jobs 7103: 7094:Toxic workplace 7029:Emotional labor 7002: 6926:Public programs 6921: 6838:Great Recession 6808:Full employment 6796:Long Depression 6762: 6660:Banishment room 6636: 6558:Refusal of work 6501: 6425:Corporate crime 6393: 6360: 6223: 6148: 6025: 5947: 5881: 5758:Graduate school 5668: 5590: 5534: 5525:Underemployment 5384: 5328:Self-employment 5303:Contingent work 5293:Academic tenure 5286:Classifications 5281: 5276: 5155: 5137: 5136: 5103: 5099: 5084: 5080: 5070: 5066: 5056: 5052: 5042: 5038: 4998: 4992: 4988: 4948: 4942: 4938: 4893: 4889: 4847: 4841: 4837: 4825: 4821: 4813: 4809: 4777:10.1.1.229.3969 4760: 4756: 4748: 4744: 4736: 4732: 4724: 4713: 4700: 4696: 4663: 4659: 4652: 4644:. p. 292. 4632: 4621: 4610: 4602: 4598: 4589: 4588: 4584: 4571: 4570: 4566: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4499: 4498: 4494: 4485: 4484: 4480: 4464: 4463: 4456: 4454: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4433:www.mofa.gov.sa 4427: 4426: 4422: 4409: 4408: 4404: 4395: 4391: 4381: 4379: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4359: 4357: 4350:CNN Philippines 4344: 4343: 4339: 4331: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4293: 4289: 4278: 4265: 4257: 4253: 4252: 4248: 4242:Wayback Machine 4232: 4228: 4219: 4218: 4214: 4208:Wayback Machine 4198: 4194: 4185: 4184: 4180: 4167: 4166: 4162: 4149: 4148: 4144: 4131: 4130: 4126: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4085: 4084: 4077: 4068: 4067: 4060: 4051: 4050: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4022: 4018: 4008: 4006: 3998: 3997: 3993: 3983: 3981: 3979:www.a-kasser.dk 3973: 3972: 3965: 3957: 3953: 3952: 3945: 3935: 3933: 3922: 3918: 3907: 3900: 3869: 3865: 3855: 3853: 3845: 3844: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3815: 3814: 3807: 3797: 3795: 3787: 3786: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3763: 3759: 3758: 3749: 3740: 3739: 3732: 3713: 3709: 3694: 3690: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3662: 3660: 3642: 3638: 3628: 3626: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3602: 3600: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3580: 3578: 3577:. 21 March 2018 3569: 3568: 3564: 3554: 3552: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3517: 3511: 3507: 3496: 3494: 3493:on 28 July 2011 3490: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3474: 3464: 3462: 3461:on 21 July 2011 3458: 3451: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3431: 3429: 3428:on 28 July 2011 3425: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3371: 3369: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3340: 3338: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3312: 3310: 3299: 3295: 3285: 3283: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3254: 3252: 3247: 3246: 3242: 3199: 3186: 3169: 3165: 3158: 3142: 3138: 3116: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3090: 3088: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3032: 3031: 3027: 3017: 3015: 3004: 3003: 2999: 2992: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2898: 2890:social security 2875: 2866: 2850: 2841: 2839:Insurance funds 2832: 2818: 2786:Jesse Rothstein 2782:Great Recession 2778: 2770: 2754: 2748: 2745: 2739:or excerpts to 2730: 2718: 2714: 2707: 2695: 2679: 2643: 2637: 2625:Housing Benefit 2620: 2604: 2595: 2582:External links 2568:is an economic 2563: 2526: 2520: 2504: 2498: 2469: 2459: 2432: 2426: 2408:External links 2375:Work and Income 2367: 2361: 2341: 2304: 2287: 2281: 2212:shock absorbers 2192: 2186: 2142: 2136: 2124: 2118: 2053: 1854: 1815: 1796:Meldeversäumnis 1711: 1705: 1626: 1603: 1579: 1573: 1565:toimeentulotuki 1535: 1526: 1520: 1515: 1509: 1489: 1371: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1359: 1357: 1350: 1348: 1341: 1329: 1320: 1319: 1318: 1315: 1304: 1249:Youth Allowance 1234: 1224: 1213: 1207: 1204: 1193: 1181: 1166: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1145: 1141: 1134: 1114: 1108: 1099: 1069: 1033: 974: 917: 879: 877: 865: 858: 857: 828: 818: 817: 816: 815: 579:von Böhm-Bawerk 467: 456: 455: 217: 209: 208: 164:Economic growth 154: 146: 145: 87: 85:classifications 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7196: 7186: 7185: 7180: 7163: 7162: 7160: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7118: 7117: 7108: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7079:Sunday scaries 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7010: 7008: 7004: 7003: 6996: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6929: 6927: 6923: 6922: 6920: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6908: 6907: 6902: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6856: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6830: 6828:Phillips curve 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6799: 6798: 6793: 6783: 6778: 6772: 6770: 6764: 6763: 6761: 6760: 6755: 6754: 6753: 6748: 6738: 6737: 6736: 6731: 6729:Retirement age 6726: 6716: 6711: 6710: 6709: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6682:Exit interview 6679: 6674: 6673: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6652: 6646: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6628: 6627: 6622: 6612: 6607: 6606: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6509: 6507: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6432:Discrimination 6429: 6428: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6401: 6399: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6391: 6386: 6384:Gender pay gap 6381: 6376: 6370: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6332: 6331: 6321: 6316: 6315: 6314: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6233: 6231: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6221: 6216: 6215: 6214: 6204: 6199: 6197:Parental leave 6194: 6192:Marriage leave 6189: 6187:Life insurance 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6158: 6156: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6115: 6114: 6104: 6103: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6077: 6076: 6075: 6070: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6043:Income bracket 6039: 6037: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5971:Eight-hour day 5968: 5963: 5957: 5955: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5836: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5730: 5728:Creative class 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5699: 5698: 5688: 5686:Apprenticeship 5682: 5680: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5654:Scarlet-collar 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5600: 5598: 5592: 5591: 5589: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5446: 5445: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5394: 5392: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5370:Temporary work 5367: 5362: 5357: 5356: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5338:Skilled worker 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5289: 5287: 5283: 5282: 5275: 5274: 5267: 5260: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5154: 5153:External links 5151: 5150: 5149: 5135: 5134: 5097: 5078: 5064: 5050: 5036: 4986: 4959:(2): 527–561. 4936: 4887: 4835: 4819: 4807: 4770:(2): 143–213. 4754: 4742: 4730: 4711: 4701:Robert Barro, 4694: 4680:10.3386/w11760 4657: 4650: 4637:Public Finance 4619: 4596: 4582: 4564: 4550: 4536: 4506: 4492: 4478: 4438: 4420: 4402: 4389: 4367: 4337: 4325: 4314:on 17 May 2013 4299: 4287: 4263: 4246: 4226: 4212: 4192: 4178: 4160: 4142: 4124: 4110: 4092: 4075: 4058: 4041: 4016: 3991: 3963: 3943: 3916: 3898: 3879:(2): 275–297. 3863: 3833: 3805: 3780: 3747: 3730: 3707: 3688: 3670: 3636: 3619:"Unemployment" 3610: 3588: 3562: 3537: 3523: 3505: 3472: 3440: 3407: 3393: 3379: 3353: 3326: 3319:Morrison said: 3307:www.abc.net.au 3293: 3267: 3240: 3213:(1): 547–581. 3184: 3181:. p. 213. 3163: 3156: 3136: 3133:. p. 424. 3110: 3098: 3086:Dictionary.com 3073: 3055: 3025: 2997: 2990: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2952:Smart contract 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2897: 2894: 2874: 2871: 2865: 2862: 2849: 2846: 2840: 2837: 2831: 2828: 2817: 2814: 2777: 2774: 2769: 2766: 2756: 2755: 2749:September 2020 2721: 2719: 2712: 2706: 2703: 2694: 2691: 2678: 2675: 2639:Main article: 2636: 2633: 2619: 2616: 2603: 2602:United Kingdom 2600: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2589: 2562: 2559: 2522:Main article: 2519: 2516: 2500:Main article: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2482: 2478: 2458: 2455: 2428:Main article: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2420: 2415: 2403: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2363:Main article: 2360: 2357: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2318: 2303: 2300: 2283:Main article: 2280: 2277: 2261: 2260: 2234: 2223: 2216: 2188:Main article: 2185: 2182: 2135: 2132: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2084:Fuel Allowance 2052: 2049: 1958:social welfare 1924:Unlike purely 1853: 1850: 1814: 1811: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1739: 1733: 1707:Main article: 1704: 1701: 1653: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1602: 1599: 1575:Main article: 1572: 1569: 1534: 1531: 1519: 1518:European Union 1516: 1511:Main article: 1508: 1505: 1501:municipalities 1488: 1485: 1441:Service Canada 1411:Pierre Trudeau 1358: 1349: 1340: 1330: 1323: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1309: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1268:Scott Morrison 1230:Main article: 1226: 1225: 1184: 1182: 1175: 1168: 1167: 1148: 1146: 1139: 1133: 1130: 1107: 1104: 1098: 1095: 1068: 1065: 1032: 1029: 1005:Labour Party's 999:government of 989:United Kingdom 973: 970: 926:, also called 919: 918: 916: 915: 908: 901: 893: 890: 889: 888: 887: 875: 860: 859: 856: 855: 850: 840: 835: 829: 824: 823: 820: 819: 814: 813: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 470: 469: 468: 462: 461: 458: 457: 454: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 372:Organizational 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 218: 216:By application 215: 214: 211: 210: 207: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 155: 152: 151: 148: 147: 144: 143: 138: 133: 128: 123: 118: 109: 104: 99: 94: 88: 82: 81: 78: 77: 76: 75: 70: 65: 57: 56: 48: 47: 41: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7195: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7119: 7110: 7109: 7106: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7054:Make-work job 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7005: 7001: 7000: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6973:Right to work 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6958:Job guarantee 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6943:Make-work job 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6924: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6897: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6788: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6769: 6765: 6759: 6756: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6742: 6739: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6714:Restructuring 6712: 6708: 6705: 6704: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6692:Notice period 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6639: 6633: 6630: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6598:Unfree labour 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6568:Bonded labour 6566: 6565: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6504: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6482:Whistleblower 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6415:Control fraud 6413: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6403: 6402: 6400: 6396: 6390: 6389:Glass ceiling 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6363: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6330: 6327: 6326: 6325: 6324:Work accident 6322: 6320: 6317: 6313: 6312:United States 6310: 6309: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6230: 6226: 6220: 6217: 6213: 6212:United States 6210: 6209: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6167:Casual Friday 6165: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6151: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6124:Paid time off 6122: 6120: 6119:Overtime rate 6117: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6105: 6101: 6100:United States 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6081: 6078: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6065: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5966:Four-day week 5964: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5950: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5850:Practice firm 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5748:Employability 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5649:Orange-collar 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5596:Working class 5593: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5537: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5470:Job interview 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5387: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5323:Part-time job 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5308:Full-time job 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5273: 5268: 5266: 5261: 5259: 5254: 5253: 5250: 5244: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5176: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5162: 5157: 5156: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5138: 5129: 5128:1721.1/136225 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5101: 5093: 5089: 5082: 5076: 5073: 5068: 5062: 5059: 5054: 5048: 5045: 5040: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 4997: 4990: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4947: 4940: 4932: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4891: 4883: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4846: 4839: 4833:, 21 Mar 2011 4832: 4828: 4823: 4816: 4811: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4758: 4751: 4746: 4739: 4734: 4727: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4708: 4704: 4698: 4690: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4661: 4653: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4636: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4616: 4609: 4608: 4600: 4592: 4586: 4578: 4574: 4568: 4560: 4554: 4546: 4540: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4510: 4502: 4496: 4488: 4482: 4474: 4468: 4452: 4448: 4442: 4434: 4430: 4424: 4416: 4412: 4406: 4399: 4393: 4377: 4371: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4334: 4329: 4313: 4309: 4303: 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3212: 3208: 3204: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3180: 3176: 3173: 3167: 3159: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3140: 3132: 3128: 3127:New York City 3124: 3120: 3114: 3107: 3102: 3087: 3083: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3059: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3013: 3012: 3007: 3001: 2993: 2987: 2983: 2977: 2973: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2947:Social rights 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2907:Funemployment 2905: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2893: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2870: 2861: 2858: 2854: 2845: 2836: 2827: 2824: 2813: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2773: 2765: 2762: 2752: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2722:This article 2720: 2711: 2710: 2702: 2700: 2690: 2688: 2684: 2674: 2672: 2668: 2667:Massachusetts 2664: 2660: 2656: 2647: 2642: 2635:United States 2632: 2630: 2626: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2599: 2588: 2585: 2584: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2570:welfare state 2567: 2558: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2543: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2515: 2511: 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1863: 1859: 1849: 1845: 1843: 1837: 1829: 1820: 1810: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1760:beneficiaries 1759: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1710: 1709:Hartz concept 1700: 1696: 1693: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1681:child benefit 1677: 1673: 1670: 1665: 1659: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1631: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1607: 1598: 1594: 1591: 1587: 1584:uses a quasi 1583: 1578: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1530: 1525: 1514: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1465: 1464:Jean Chrétien 1460: 1458: 1454: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1436: 1434: 1428: 1426: 1425:1997 election 1421: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1403: 1399: 1398:R. B. Bennett 1395: 1391: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1365: 1356: 1347: 1338: 1334: 1333:for employees 1327: 1313: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1264: 1262: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1233: 1222: 1219: 1211: 1208:February 2021 1201: 1197: 1191: 1190: 1185:This section 1183: 1179: 1174: 1173: 1164: 1152: 1147: 1138: 1137: 1129: 1125: 1122: 1118: 1113: 1103: 1094: 1091: 1090:payroll taxes 1086: 1082: 1079: 1073: 1064: 1062: 1059:of 1935, the 1058: 1054: 1050: 1049:welfare state 1046: 1041: 1038: 1028: 1025: 1020: 1018: 1013: 1011: 1006: 1002: 1001:H. H. Asquith 998: 997:Liberal Party 994: 990: 983: 978: 969: 967: 963: 959: 955: 950: 947: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 914: 909: 907: 902: 900: 895: 894: 892: 891: 886: 876: 874: 869: 864: 863: 862: 861: 854: 851: 848: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 830: 827: 822: 821: 812: 811: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 474:de Mandeville 472: 471: 466: 460: 459: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 403: 402:Public choice 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 377:Participation 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 337:Institutional 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 287:Expeditionary 285: 283: 280: 278: 277:Environmental 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 219: 213: 212: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 156: 150: 149: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 113: 110: 108: 107:International 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 89: 86: 83:Branches and 80: 79: 74: 71: 69: 66: 64: 61: 60: 59: 58: 54: 50: 49: 46: 43: 42: 38: 34: 33: 30: 19: 7089:Toxic leader 7069:Presenteeism 7049:Labor rights 7039:Going postal 7014:Bullshit job 6997: 6982: 6977: 6879: 6768:Unemployment 6620:Downshifting 6603:Wage slavery 6583:Penal labour 6538:Dead-end job 6528:Conscription 6307:Right to sit 6162:Annual leave 6144:Working poor 6080:Minimum wage 6058:Maximum wage 6016:Working time 6006:Six-hour day 5903:Career break 5865:Professional 5659:Black-collar 5629:White-collar 5609:Green-collar 5586:Volunteering 5423:Drug testing 5413:Cover letter 5353:Tradesperson 5168: 5141: 5110: 5106: 5100: 5081: 5074: 5067: 5061:Kentucky.gov 5060: 5053: 5046: 5039: 5006: 5002: 4989: 4973:10419/110757 4956: 4952: 4939: 4904: 4900: 4890: 4855: 4851: 4838: 4822: 4810: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4745: 4733: 4706: 4697: 4670: 4660: 4638: 4635: 4606: 4599: 4585: 4576: 4567: 4553: 4539: 4527:. 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Retrieved 3009: 3000: 2981: 2976: 2927:Lorenz curve 2922:Labour power 2876: 2867: 2851: 2842: 2833: 2823:Andrea Weber 2819: 2810: 2805: 2794: 2779: 2771: 2768:Moral hazard 2759: 2746: 2731:Please help 2723: 2696: 2687:moral hazard 2680: 2652: 2621: 2605: 2596: 2581: 2578: 2566:Saudi Arabia 2564: 2561:Saudi Arabia 2554:municipality 2546: 2533:Ghent system 2527: 2512: 2505: 2490:before taxes 2481:before taxes 2477:before taxes 2470: 2448: 2433: 2407: 2404: 2383: 2379: 2368: 2353: 2349: 2342: 2305: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2262: 2240: 2226: 2219: 2207: 2199: 2193: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2158: 2154: 2150:Bituah Leumi 2143: 2125: 2099: 2092: 2083: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2064: 2060: 2054: 2045:unemployment 2028: 2022: 1998:trade unions 1986:unemployment 1978:capitalistic 1934:Nordic model 1923: 1891:Ghent system 1887:unemployment 1865: 1860:benefits in 1858:unemployment 1855: 1846: 1838: 1816: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1773: 1769: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1754: 1724: 1720: 1712: 1697: 1691: 1689: 1684: 1678: 1674: 1668: 1654: 1640: 1629: 1627: 1604: 1595: 1586:Ghent system 1580: 1564: 1560: 1558: 1553: 1549: 1547: 1539:Ghent system 1536: 1527: 1490: 1461: 1449: 1437: 1429: 1416: 1387: 1372: 1336: 1332: 1296: 1272: 1265: 1258: 1246: 1235: 1214: 1205: 1194:Please help 1189:verification 1186: 1158: 1150: 1126: 1115: 1100: 1087: 1083: 1074: 1070: 1042: 1034: 1021: 1014: 995:, under the 986: 966:dole bludger 965: 961: 953: 951: 948: 940:unemployment 939: 938:, or simply 935: 931: 927: 923: 922: 843:Publications 808: 431:Sociological 404: / 302:Geographical 282:Evolutionary 257:Digitization 222:Agricultural 126:Mathematical 97:Econometrics 29: 6978:Historical: 6702:Resignation 6642:Termination 6625:Slow living 6593:Truck wages 6578:Labour camp 6506:Willingness 6398:Infractions 6053:Living wage 5996:Remote work 5664:Gold-collar 5619:Pink-collar 5614:Grey-collar 5604:Blue-collar 5571:Labour hire 5546:Cooperative 5510:Recruitment 5465:Job hunting 5398:Application 5380:Wage labour 5365:Labour hire 5318:Job sharing 5146:McGraw-Hill 5023:10419/33875 4457:28 November 4451:saudinf.com 3341:23 February 3313:23 February 3255:23 February 2853:Job sharing 2671:Mississippi 2659:Puerto Rico 2436:Philippines 2424:Philippines 2371:New Zealand 2359:New Zealand 2339:Netherlands 2315:Mexico City 2159:Members of 2082:, and the 2033:wage-earner 1990:legislation 1982:corporatist 1856:To receive 1468:Paul Martin 1279:John Howard 958:Old English 679:von Neumann 332:Information 272:Engineering 252:Development 247:Demographic 189:Game theory 131:Methodology 7183:Labour law 7172:Categories 6912:Wage curve 6719:Retirement 6632:Workaholic 6610:Work ethic 6477:Wage theft 6462:Labour law 6457:Evaluation 6442:Dress code 6207:Sick leave 6172:Child care 6134:Salary cap 6048:Income tax 6011:Shift work 5943:Time clock 5938:Sick leave 5933:Sabbatical 5898:Break room 5886:Attendance 5855:Profession 5840:Mentorship 5818:Retraining 5743:E-learning 5639:New-collar 5634:Red-collar 5581:Supervisor 5561:Internship 5480:Onboarding 5348:Technician 5343:Journeyman 5313:Gig worker 5279:Employment 4922:1814/45326 3821:www.mcc.is 3769:(in Greek) 3497:19 October 3465:19 October 3432:19 October 3286:18 January 3048:25 January 3018:25 January 3006:"the dole" 2968:References 2886:employment 2857:short time 2741:Wikisource 2461:See also: 2273:employment 2231:incentives 2138:See also: 2120:See also: 1974:free trade 1928:states in 1806:Bürgergeld 1763:supplement 1743:means test 1725:Bürgergeld 1685:supplement 1561:asumistuki 1522:See also: 1291:Kevin Rudd 1242:Centrelink 1110:See also: 944:unemployed 838:Economists 709:Schumacher 614:Schumpeter 584:von Wieser 504:von Thünen 465:economists 441:Statistics 436:Solidarity 357:Managerial 322:Humanistic 317:Historical 262:Ecological 227:Behavioral 121:Mainstream 7099:Workhouse 7019:Busy work 6833:Recession 6697:Pink slip 6655:Dismissal 6518:Careerism 6112:Singapore 6090:Hong Kong 5953:Schedules 5872:Tradesman 5773:Licensure 5733:Education 5703:Avocation 5644:No-collar 5624:Precariat 5505:Probation 5460:Job fraud 5192:163149563 5184:317650570 4907:: 11–28. 4873:10230/640 4772:CiteSeerX 4689:153377053 4547:. GOV.UK. 4235:Insurance 3893:153967375 3658:0261-3077 3366:Canada.ca 3227:1941-1383 3123:Sociology 2737:Wikiquote 2724:contains 2531:uses the 2215:workforce 2161:kibbutzim 1915:part-time 1882:Iceland's 1878:Icelandic 1554:TE-keskus 1493:provinces 1275:Coalition 1238:Australia 1161:July 2020 1132:Australia 1067:Processes 1053:Wisconsin 1024:actuarial 991:with the 754:Greenspan 719:Samuelson 699:Galbraith 669:Tinbergen 609:von Mises 604:Heckscher 564:Edgeworth 382:Personnel 342:Knowledge 307:Happiness 297:Financial 267:Education 242:Democracy 136:Political 102:Heterodox 45:Economics 7007:See also 6933:Workfare 6758:Turnover 6154:Benefits 6035:salaries 5991:Overtime 5981:Flextime 5913:Gap year 5908:Furlough 5877:Vocation 5860:Operator 5723:Coaching 5678:training 5556:Employer 5551:Employee 5455:Job fair 5333:Side job 5188:50016270 5031:17378684 4981:54075373 4931:55699731 4882:18376676 4802:16591713 4794:41473599 4529:23 April 4519:Lifetise 4467:cite web 4238:Archived 4204:Archived 3721:BBC News 3663:29 March 3629:26 April 3581:5 August 3372:21 March 3235:27998032 2962:Workfare 2912:HIRE Act 2896:See also 2631:scheme. 2165:moshavim 1770:minimise 1721:Hartz IV 1420:Liberals 847:journals 833:Glossary 784:Stiglitz 749:Rothbard 729:Buchanan 714:Friedman 704:Koopmans 694:Leontief 674:Robinson 559:Marshall 463:Notable 411:Regional 387:Planning 362:Monetary 292:Feminist 237:Cultural 232:Business 37:a series 35:Part of 6983:U.S.A.: 6588:Peonage 6563:Slavery 6513:Boreout 6252:Karoshi 6202:Pension 5986:On-call 5691:Artisan 5375:Laborer 5167:(ed.). 5092:3902165 4382:14 July 4360:14 July 3960:. 2011. 3851:theOECD 3744:. 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