1224:(EEC) had a unified set of rules, considerably laxer than those of the United States or Japan. These were tightened gradually, beginning on cars of over two liters displacement as the price increase would have less of an impact in this segment. The ECE 15/05 norms (also known as the Luxemburg accord, strict enough to essentially require catalytic converters) began taking effect gradually: the initial step applied to cars of over 2000 cc in two stages, in October 1988 and October 1989. There followed cars between 1.4 and 2.0 liters, in October 1991 and then October 1993. Cars of under 1400 cc had to meet two subsequent sets of regulations that applied in October 1992 and October 1994 respectively. French and Italian car manufacturers, strongly represented in the small car category, had been lobbying heavily against these regulations throughout the 1980s.
42:
1312:
681:
993:. One interesting detail of the Japanese emissions standards was that they were introduced in a soft manner; that is, 1978 model year cars could be sold that did not meet the 1978 standards, but they would suffer various tax penalties. This gave manufacturers breathing room to properly engineer solutions and also incentivized fixing the best-selling models first, leading to smoother adoption of clean air standards and fewer drivability concerns than in many other markets.
566:
958:. As a result of the 1970 law, in 1973 the first installment of four sets of new emissions standards were introduced. Interim standards were introduced on 1 January 1975, and again for 1976. The final set of standards were introduced for 1978. While the standards were introduced they were not made immediately mandatory, instead tax breaks were offered for cars which passed them. The standards were based on those adopted by the original
409:
1371:
Europe (ECE) standards. In
November 2013, the first stage of the stringent Euro 5 emission standards for light vehicles was introduced, which includes cars and light commercial vehicles. The development of emission standards for highway vehicles and engines is coordinated by the National Transport Commission (NTC) and the regulations—Australian Design Rules (ADR)—are administered by the Department of Infrastructure and Transport.
1381:. The government undertook consultation on the model for the standard in April and May 2023, and they intend to introduce legislation by the end of 2023 Research commissioned by environmental NGO Solar Citizens has calculated that a Fuel Efficiency Standard that started at 95g CO2/km and reduced to 0g CO2/km over ten years would save Australian motorists $ 11b over the first five years.
1013:
882:
Euro II standard. More stringent emission standard, National
Standard III, equivalent to Euro III standards, went into effect on 1 July 2007. Plans were for Euro IV standards to take effect in 2010. Beijing introduced the Euro IV standard in advance on 1 January 2008, becoming the first city in mainland China to adopt this standard.
758:
on public highways. Therefore, California's attempt at regulation of emissions is a regulation of equipment, not of air quality. Vehicle owners are excluded from modifying their property in any way that has not been extensively researched and approved by CARB and still operate them on public highways.
1260:
The main source of greenhouse gas emissions in the
European Union is transportation. In 2019, it contributes to about 31% of global emissions and 24% of emissions in the EU. In addition, up to the COVID-19 pandemic, emissions have only increased in the transport economic sector. In 2019, about 95% of
1074:
and PM Law introduces emission standards for specified categories of in-use highway vehicles including commercial goods (cargo) vehicles such as trucks and vans, buses, and special purpose motor vehicles, irrespective of the fuel type. The regulation also applies to diesel powered passenger cars (but
881:
and cars on China's roads is rapidly growing, creating an ongoing pollution problem. China enacted its first emissions controls on automobiles in 2000, equivalent to Euro I standards. China's State
Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) upgraded emission controls again on 1 July 2004 to the
757:
The
California ARB standard for light vehicle emissions is a regulation of equipment first, with verification of emissions second. The property owner of the vehicle is not permitted to modify, improve, or innovate solutions in order to pass a true emissions-only standard set for their vehicle driven
1231:
Sweden was one of the first countries to instill stricter rules (for 1975), placing severe limitations on the number of vehicles available there. These standards also caused drivability problems and steeply increased fuel consumption - in part because manufacturers could not justify the expenditure
929:
Bharat stage emission standards are emission standards instituted by the
Government of India to regulate the output of air pollutants from internal combustion engine equipment, including motor vehicles. The standards and the timeline for implementation are set by the Central Pollution Control Board
1240:
In 1985 the first catalyzed cars entered certain
European markets such as Germany. At first, the availability of unleaded petrol was limited and sales were small. In Sweden, catalyzed vehicles became allowed in 1987, benefitting from a tax rebate to boost sales. By 1989 the Swiss/Swedish emissions
1227:
Within the EEC, Germany was a leader in regulating automobile emissions. Germany gave financial incentives to buyers of cars that met US or ECE standards, with lesser credits available to those that partially fulfilled the requirements. These incentives had a strong impact; only 6.5 percent of new
1177:
Diesel and gasoline sulphur content is regulated at 10 ppm. Turkey currently follows Euro VI for heavy duty commercial vehicles, and, in 2016 a couple of years after the EU, Turkey adopted Euro 6 for new types of light duty vehicles (LDV) and new types of passenger cars. Turkey is planning to
1370:
Australian noxious emission standards are based on
European regulations for light-duty and heavy-duty (heavy goods) vehicles, with acceptance of selected US and Japanese standards. The current policy is to fully harmonize Australian regulations with United Nations (UN) and Economic Commission for
933:
The standards, based on
European regulations were first introduced in 2000. Progressively stringent norms have been rolled out since then. All new vehicles manufactured after the implementation of the norms have to be compliant with the regulations. By 2014, the country was under a combination of
613:
from
Transport Canada's Motor Vehicle Safety Act. The Regulations align emission standards with the U.S. federal standards and apply to light-duty vehicles (e.g., passenger cars), light-duty trucks (e.g., vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles), heavy-duty vehicles (e.g., trucks and buses),
724:
Some states have areas within the state that require emissions testing while other cities within the state do not require emission testing. Arizona emissions testing locations are located primarily in the two largest metropolitan areas (Phoenix and Tucson). People outside of these areas are not
1236:
calculated that the Swedish standards increased fuel consumption by 9 percent, while it made cars 2.5 percent more expensive. For 1983 Switzerland (and then Australia) joined in the same set of regulations, which gradually increased the number of certified engines. One problem with the strict
552:
The Clean Fuels 2 standard, expected to begin in 2017, includes the reduction of sulphur to 10 ppm; the lowering of benzene from 5 percent to 1 percent of volume; the reduction of aromatics from 50 percent to 35 percent of volume; and the specification of olefins at 18 percent of volume.
739:
from automobiles, but faces a court challenge from the federal government. The states are also attempting to compel the federal EPA to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, which as of 2007 it has declined to do. On 19 May 2009, news reports indicate that the Federal EPA will largely adopt
732:(CARB). By mid-2009, 16 other states had adopted CARB rules; given the size of the California market plus these other states, many manufacturers choose to build to the CARB standard when selling in all 50 states. CARB's policies have also influenced EU emissions standards.
386:
There are largely three main sets of standards: United States, Japanese, and European, with various markets mostly using these as their base. Sweden, Switzerland, and Australia had separate emissions standards for many years but have since adopted the European standards.
1025:
Law. The regulation designated a total of 196 communities in the Tokyo, Saitama, Kanagawa, Osaka and Hyogo Prefectures as areas with significant air pollution due to nitrogen oxides emitted from motor vehicles. Under the Law, several measures had to be taken to control
375:. Three years later Japan enacted their first emissions rules, followed between 1970 and 1972 by Canada, Australia, and several European nations. The early standards mainly concerned carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC). Regulations on nitrogen oxide emissions (NO
1152:
and PM Law is enforced in connection with Japanese vehicle inspection program, where non-complying vehicles cannot undergo the inspection in the designated areas. This, in turn, may trigger an injunction on the vehicle operation under the Road Transport Vehicle Law.
1245:
was introduced, only available with catalyzed engines. This was a problem in some places like Portugal, where unleaded fuel was still almost non-existent, although European standards required unleaded gasoline to be "available" in every country by 1 October 1989.
649:(EPA). It uses tiers to identify emission standards for cars, trucks and other motor vehicles. In 2014, the EPA published its "Tier 3" standards for these vehicles, which tightened air pollution emission requirements and lowered the sulfur content in gasoline.
1264:
The European Union has its own set of emissions standards that all new vehicles must meet. Currently, standards are set for all road vehicles, trains, barges and 'nonroad mobile machinery' (such as tractors). No standards apply to seagoing ships or airplanes.
1047:
requirements and to add PM control provisions. The amended rule is called the "Law Concerning Special Measures to Reduce the Total Amount of Nitrogen Oxides and Particulate Matter Emitted from Motor Vehicles in Specified Areas", or in short the Automotive
715:
is allowed to promulgate more stringent vehicle emissions standards (subject to EPA approval), and other states may choose to follow either the national or California standards. California had produced air quality standards prior to EPA, with severe
335:
that may be released from specific sources over specific timeframes. They are generally designed to achieve air quality standards and to protect human life. Different regions and countries have different standards for vehicle emissions.
1197:. Concentrations of PM2.5 are 41 μg/m in Turkey, making it the country with the worst air pollution in Europe. The regulation for testing of existing vehicle exhaust gases is Official Newspaper number 30004 published 11 March 2017.
548:
South Africa's first clean fuels programme was implemented in 2006 with the banning of lead from petrol and the reduction of sulphur levels in diesel from 3,000 parts per million (ppm) to 500ppm, along with a niche grade of 50 ppm.
720:
metropolitan area. LA is the country's second-largest city, by population, and relies much more heavily on automobiles and has less favorable meteorological conditions than the largest and third-largest cities (New York and Chicago).
395:, and other newer markets have also begun enforcing vehicle emissions standards (derived from the European requirements) in the twenty-first century, as growing vehicle fleets have given rise to severe air quality problems there, too.
1281:
The EU introduced Euro 4 effective 1 January 2008, Euro 5 effective 1 January 2010, and Euro 6 effective 1 January 2014. These dates had been postponed for two years to give oil refineries the opportunity to modernize their plants.
2869:
Le Quéré, Corinne; Jackson, Robert B.; Jones, Matthew W.; Smith, Adam J. P.; Abernethy, Sam; Andrew, Robbie M.; De-Gol, Anthony J.; Willis, David R.; Shan, Yuli; Canadell, Josep G.; Friedlingstein, Pierre;
911:
must meet either Euro IV petrol standard, Japanese Heisei 17 standard or US EPA Tier 2 Bin 5 standard. For new passenger cars with compression-ignition engines, they must meet US EPA Tier 2 Bin 5 standard.
1130:
Furthermore, the regulation allows fulfillment of its requirements to be postponed by an additional 0.5–2.5 years, depending on the age of the vehicle. This delay was introduced in part to harmonize the
792:
955:
2661:
1087:= 4.5 g/kWh, PM = 0.25 g/kWh). In other words, the 1997/98 new vehicle standards are retroactively applied to older vehicles already on the road. Vehicle owners have two methods to comply:
1952:
1649:
U.S. Envrionmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, D.C. (2014-04-18). "Control of Air Pollution From Motor Vehicles: Tier 3 Motor Vehicle Emission and Fuel Standards." Final rule.
1237:
standards was that they did not account for catalyzed engines, meaning that vehicles thus equipped had to have the catalytic converters removed before they could be legally registered.
951:
1890:
984:
respectively. Maximum limits are 2.7 grams per kilometre (4.35 g/mi) of CO, 0.39 grams per kilometre (0.63 g/mi) of HC, and 0.48 grams per kilometre (0.77 g/mi) of
934:
Euro 3 and Euro 4-based norms, with Euro 4 standards partly implemented in 13 major cities. Till April 2017, the entire country was under BS IV norms, which is based on Euro 4.
1377:
In April 2023, the Australian government released its National Electric Vehicle Strategy, which included a commitment to introduce a Fuel Efficiency Standard to address
1459:
1374:
All new vehicles manufactured or sold in the country must comply with the standards, which are tested by running the vehicle or engine in a standardized test cycle.
3405:"Directive 1999/94/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 1999, relating to the availability of consumer information on fuel economy and CO
2053:"Decreto Supremo que modifica el Decreto Supremo N° 010-2017-MINAM, que establece Límites Máximos Permisibles de emisiones atmosféricas para vehículos automotores"
1275:
for new passenger cars of 130 grams per kilometre. The target was gradually phased in between 2012 and 2015. A target of 95 grams per kilometre applies from 2021.
2739:
1826:
3391:
2452:
3184:
2791:
1346:
in the UK have introduced Euro 4 or Euro 5 emissions standards for taxis and licensed private hire vehicles to operate in their area. Emissions tests on
1107:
Vehicles have a grace period, between 8 and 12 years from the initial registration, to comply. The grace period depends on the vehicle type, as follows:
1078:
In-use vehicles in the specified categories must meet 1997/98 emission standards for the respective new vehicle type (in the case of heavy duty engines
1683:
1179:
975:
were 2.1 grams per kilometre (3.38 g/mi) of CO, 0.25 grams per kilometre (0.40 g/mi) of HC, and 0.25 grams per kilometre (0.40 g/mi) of
2537:
1988:
2709:
1808:
2034:
3260:
1908:
1228:
cars registered in Germany in 1988 did not meet any emissions requirements and 67.3 percent were compliant with the strictest US or ECE standards.
3210:
2002:
1554:
1000:" test, used to determine individual fuel economy ratings and emissions observed from the vehicle being tested, use a specific testing regime.
138:
1526:
1669:
646:
937:
As of now manufacturing and registration of BS VI vehicles has started, from April 2020 all BS VI manufacturing is mandatory, respectively.
158:
606:
307:
3275:
1572:
1357:
From January 2022, all new light vehicles must comply with Euro 6d. From 1 January 2023, all new motorcycles must comply with Euro 5.
1285:
From January 2022, all new light vehicles must comply with Euro 6d. From 1 January 2023, all new motorcycles must comply with Euro 5.
1161:
Table chart for Gasoline-fueled or LPG- fueled Motor Vehicles, Diesel-Powered Motor Vehicles, and Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Standards.
3014:
2512:
2470:
1012:
pollution problems from existing vehicle fleets in highly populated metropolitan areas, the Ministry of the Environment adopted the
1862:
725:
required to submit their vehicle for testing as these areas are the only ones that have failed the air quality tests by the state.
636:
2115:
2555:
3039:
807:
From 1 January 2025, the new light vehicle fleets in Brazil must comply with the first stage of Proconve L8 (automaker average).
1697:
657:
1204:/km for LDVs compared well with other countries in 2015, however unlike the EU there is no limit on carbon dioxide emissions.
2608:
1970:
1278:
For light commercial vehicle, an emissions target of 175 g/km applies from 2017, and 147 g/km from 2020, a reduction of 16%.
1220:
Before the European Union began streamlining emissions standards, there were several different sets of rules. Members of the
962:
of 1970, but the test cycle included more slow city driving to correctly reflect the Japanese situation. The 1978 limits for
143:
3325:
1014:
Law Concerning Special Measures to Reduce the Total Amount of Nitrogen Oxides Emitted from Motor Vehicles in Specified Areas
2161:
954:
which regulated all sources of air pollutants. As a result of the 1968 law, dispute resolutions were passed under the 1970
3449:
2354:
2569:
2261:
1953:"Euro 5: la norma de emisiones para vehículos que empieza este año y que posiciona a Chile como líder en Latinoamérica"
426:
1926:
2583:
2339:
2312:
2288:
2055:[Maximum permissible limits of atmospheric emissions for motor vehicles] (in Spanish). Peru. 2021. 2021-MINAM
448:
1626:
469:
technology might be needed. While emission performance standards have been used to dictate limits for conventional
2076:
1607:
1449:
153:
1185:
However, despite these tailpipe emission standards for new vehicle types there are many older diesel vehicles, no
379:) were introduced in the United States, Japan, and Canada in 1973 and 1974, with Sweden following in 1976 and the
2710:"Euro 5 emission standards to be rolled out for new cars in Vietnam early 2022 | Environment | Vietnam"
1403:
924:
388:
300:
56:
3235:
3117:
2513:"THE AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR IN TURKEY A BASELINE ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE FLEET STRUCTURE, FUEL CONSUMPTION AND EMISSIONS"
1789:
1844:
1343:
997:
729:
430:
271:
148:
133:
1845:"Indústria pronta para Euro 5 em 2012 - Diário do Grande ABC - Notícias e informações do Grande ABC: economia"
609:(CEPA 1999) transfers the legislative authority for regulating emissions from on-road vehicles and engines to
2052:
959:
2757:
Isakson, Börje, ed. (1982-10-06). "Avgaskrav slukar bensin" [Emissions requirements devour petrol].
2498:
1927:"MINISTÉRIO DO MEIO AMBIENTE CONSELHO NACIONAL DO MEIO AMBIENTE RESOLUÇÃO N. 492, DE 20 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2018"
1241:
rules were tightened to the point that non-catalyzed cars were no longer able to be sold. In early 1989 the
367:
The first automobile emissions standards were enacted in 1963 in the United States, mainly as a response to
41:
744:
3439:
3423:
2687:
2094:
1429:
1255:
1233:
1221:
380:
2432:
1193:
so local pollution, including from older vehicles, is still a major health risk in some cities, such as
577:
3189:
Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications, Australian Government
1989:"ANAC aclara que norma de emisiones Euro 6c comenzará a regir desde el 30 de septiembre de 2025 – Anac"
1762:
1684:"EPA Finalizes Greenhouse Gas Standards for Passenger Vehicles, Paving Way for a Zero-Emissions Future"
902:
804:
From 1 January 2023, all new heavy vehicles in Brazil must comply with Proconve P8 (similar to Euro 6).
801:
From 1 January 2022, all new light vehicles in Brazil must comply with Proconve L7 (similar to Euro 6).
798:
From 1 January 2015, all new light vehicles in Brazil must comply with Proconve L6 (similar to Euro 5).
293:
3300:"Recharging Australia : how to save Australia $ 11 billion in fuel costs and electrify our fleet"
3136:
2633:
2214:
2020:
1469:
1398:
466:
276:
184:
76:
3233:
3326:"Strict new-car emissions standards coming to Australia from 2025, utes and 4WDs among hardest hit"
2780:(in Swedish). Vol. 34, no. 21. Stockholm, Sweden: Specialtidningsförlaget AB. p. 44.
2763:(in Swedish). Vol. 34, no. 21. Stockholm, Sweden: Specialtidningsförlaget AB. p. 54.
1537:
1378:
736:
664:
653:
221:
2942:
823:
From 30 September 2025, all new light and medium vehicle models in Chile must comply with Euro 6c.
656:. The states must also promulgate miscellaneous emissions regulations in order to comply with the
2140:
2077:"Cambodia In The Driver's Seat Toward Euro VI Standards | Climate & Clean Air Coalition"
1464:
1454:
641:
The United States has its own set of emissions standards that all new vehicles must meet. In the
419:
345:
1590:
3444:
2499:"Left in the dust: Brazil might be the last major automotive market to adopt Euro VI standards"
1494:
Dicorato, Giuseppe (January 1989). "Entriamo in Zona Verde" [Entering the Green Zone].
1424:
1035:
from in-use vehicles, including enforcing emission standards for specified vehicle categories.
872:
820:
From September 2022, all new light and medium vehicle models in Chile must comply with Euro 6b.
3299:
3099:
2845:
1827:"DPF: la sigla que se convirtió en un dolor de cabeza para automotrices y usuarios argentinos"
892:
Since 1 July 2023, all new vehicles in China must comply with China 6b (stricter than Euro 6).
889:
Since 1 January 2021, all new vehicles in China must comply with China 6a (similar to Euro 6).
717:
2794:[Demand for catalyzing all vehicles in traffic] (Motion 1997/98:Jo714) (in Swedish).
2382:
1439:
383:
in 1977. These standards gradually grew more and more stringent but have never been unified.
261:
226:
2821:
3075:
2887:
1891:"Nova lei de emissões vai tirar de linha 6 carros e 4 motores até o fim do ano; veja lista"
775:
From 1 January 2018, all new light and heavy vehicles in Argentina must comply with Euro 5.
357:
71:
3070:
2876:"Temporary reduction in daily global CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 forced confinement"
667:
standards for passenger cars and light trucks, effective for the 2023 vehicle model year.
8:
3352:
3018:
1414:
1384:
From December 2025, all new vehicles sold in Australia will have to comply with Euro 6d.
478:
209:
189:
97:
2891:
1325:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
694:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2923:
2242:
2119:
1657:
751:
610:
474:
174:
92:
3234:
Australia. Dept of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (19 April 2023).
2776:
2759:
1498:(in Italian). Vol. 34, no. 399. Milan, Italy: Editoriale Domus. p. 151.
1232:
to meet specific regulations that applied only in one very small market. In 1982, the
3254:
3046:
2927:
2915:
2774:
Hogsten, Dag E. (1982-10-06). "Alfa med ny spänst" [Alfa with new vitality].
2335:
2308:
2284:
2246:
2234:
1809:"En el 2016 entrará en vigor la norma Euro V para camiones y transporte de pasajeros"
1744:
1419:
1186:
353:
236:
66:
33:
3359:
2666:
emission standards for cars and vans: Council confirms agreement on stricter limits"
2215:"Policy norms and proposed ways to achieve goals of Indian vehicle emission program"
886:
Since 1 January 2018, all new vehicles must comply with China 5 (similar to Euro 5).
2905:
2895:
2226:
1739:
1734:
1722:
1654:
1272:
878:
331:. Emission standards set quantitative limits on the permissible amount of specific
266:
3404:
3385:
3211:"Australia's weaker emissions standards allow car makers to 'dump' polluting cars"
2230:
1573:"Norme antipollution. Le Maroc passe officiellement au carburant Euro 6 dès 2022"
1444:
1409:
772:
From 1 January 2016, all new heavy vehicles in Argentina must comply with Euro 5.
750:
In an effort to decrease emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines faster, CARB's
61:
20:
3392:
EPA: History of Reducing Air Pollution from Transportation in the United States
2871:
2822:"Get on the bus first to make Nicosia tram infrastructure worth the investment"
2279:
Yamaguchi, Jack K. (1979), Lösch, Annamaria (ed.), "The Year of Uncertainty?",
626:
From 1 January 2025, all new heavy vehicles must comply with EPA 10 and Euro 6.
494:
490:
251:
2900:
2875:
2538:"New WLTP emissions test: when it's in force and how it could affect your car"
2453:"Thailand approves delay on imposing Euro 5 emission standard on new vehicles"
2162:"EARLY ADOPTION OF CHINA 5/V VEHICLE EMISSION STANDARDS IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE"
2035:"Peru adopts Euro 4 / IV vehicle emissions standards for improved air quality"
3433:
2988:
2940:
2919:
2238:
1748:
1434:
1393:
642:
361:
332:
324:
231:
112:
2407:
2192:
860:
Since 1 January 2022, all new vehicles in Cambodia must comply with Euro 4.
623:
From 1 July 2019, all new heavy vehicles must comply with EPA 07 and Euro 5.
2433:"Emission Regulation in Japan for vehicles – Japan Inspection Organization"
1190:
1169:
From 1 January 2024, all new vehicles in Thailand must comply with Euro 5.
907:
From 1 January 2006, all new passenger cars with spark-ignition engines in
863:
From 1 January 2027, all new vehicles in Cambodia must comply with Euro 5.
833:
From 1 January 2023, all new vehicles in Colombia must comply with Euro 6b.
540:
From 1 January 2024, all new vehicles in Morocco must comply with Euro 6b.
256:
107:
3160:
3100:"Full guide to Euro 6 for vans and pickups, including Euro 6d and Euro VI"
2330:
Yamaguchi, Jack K. (1978), Lösch, Annamaria (ed.), "Successes- Excesses",
1347:
368:
2910:
1909:"Novos limites de emissões vão aquecer venda de implementos rodoviários"
743:
California and several other western states have passed bills requiring
565:
16:
Legal requirements governing air pollutants released into the atmosphere
791:
From 1 January 2012, all new heavy vehicles in Brazil must comply with
712:
470:
433: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
328:
204:
179:
102:
2970:
1212:
From 1 January 2022, all new cars in Vietnam must comply with Euro 5.
2634:"International comparison of light-duty vehicle fuel economy: Turkey"
908:
502:
194:
408:
344:
Many emissions standards focus on regulating pollutants released by
3346:
3040:"European technology emission standards: how to check your vehicle"
1555:"West African Ministers adopt cleaner fuels and vehicles standards"
1351:
915:
The current standard is Euro 6C, it has been phased in since 2019.
817:
From September 2014, all new cars in Chile must comply with Euro 5.
785:
281:
246:
241:
214:
117:
1354:
in Northern Ireland for 12 years, despite being legally required.
1294:
All new light vehicles must comply with Euro 5 since January 2016.
3376:
3276:"Government plans fuel efficiency standards to improve EV supply"
2795:
2095:"China to adopt auto emission standard equal to Euro III in 2008"
1863:"Programa de Controle da Poluição do Ar por Veículos Automotores"
349:
199:
3424:
Council Directive 80/1268/EEC Fuel consumption of motor vehicles
3015:"Chichester District Council: European emission standard EURO 4"
2283:, Pelham, NY: The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books: 61–62,
1038:
The regulation was amended in June 2001 to tighten the existing
846:
From 1 October 2024, Euro 6b, Tier 3, and EPA 2010 are mandated.
465:
is a limit that sets thresholds above which a different type of
3379:
3118:"What Euro 5 Means for UK Motorcycles | Honda Engine Room"
1242:
1194:
602:
528:
356:, power plants, small equipment such as lawn mowers and diesel
2941:
International Council on Clean Transportation (January 2014).
877:
Due to rapidly expanding wealth and prosperity, the number of
372:
3161:"Emission Standards: Australia: On-Road Vehicles and Engines"
2501:. International Council on Clean Transportation. 23 May 2018.
2334:, Pelham, NY: The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books: 61,
2307:, Pelham, NY: The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books: 54,
1583:
1156:
843:
From 1 April 2018, Euro 4, Tier 2, and EPA 2007 are mandated.
3409:
emissions in respect of the marketing of new passenger cars"
501:). In the US, this is given in pounds of carbon dioxide per
3372:
2947:
standards for passenger cars and light-commercial vehicles"
2303:
Yamaguchi, Jack K. (1977), "The Year of the Third Power",
1297:
All new heavy vehicles must comply with Euro 5 since 2018.
1123:
Special vehicles (based on a cargo truck or bus): 10 years
1114:
Heavy commercial vehicles (GVW > 2500 kg): 9 years
950:
Starting 10 June 1968, the Japanese Government passed the
2868:
1670:"EPA Emission Standards for Nonroad Engines and Vehicles"
1460:
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
3386:
Federal Income Tax Credits for Hybrids placed in service
2556:"Diesel cars increase by 116% in last 5 years in Turkey"
2003:"¿El transporte en Colombia está listo para la Euro VI?"
652:
EPA has separate regulations for small engines, such as
398:
1111:
Light commercial vehicles (GVW ≤ 2500 kg): 8 years
1608:"Semarnat publica en el DOF modificación a la NOM-044"
2570:"Only six Turkish cities have clean air, report says"
1763:"How the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Works"
1723:"Some Unique Aspects of Air Pollution in Los Angeles"
489:), this regulatory technique may be used to regulate
2609:"Mapped: Europe's Most and Least Polluted Countries"
740:
California's standards on greenhouse gas emissions.
2208:
2206:
1790:"U.S. to limit greenhouse gas emissions from autos"
1140:and PM Law with the Tokyo diesel retrofit program.
966:during a "Hot Start Test" of CO, hydrocarbons, and
754:funds upgrades that are in advance of regulations.
3353:EPA National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory
3071:"MOT diesel test not performed in NI for 12 years"
2193:"Emission Standards: China: Cars and Light Trucks"
2007:Semana.com Últimas Noticias de Colombia y el Mundo
1971:"Chile avanza hacia la norma de emisiones Euro 6b"
1180:worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure
2792:Krav på katalysatorrening för alla bilar i trafik
930:under the Ministry of Environment & Forests.
747:of greenhouse gases from electricity generation.
3431:
3135:Services, Department of Transport and Regional.
2742:[The clean car: Questions and Answers].
2203:
728:California's emissions standards are set by the
2740:"Das schadstoffarme Auto: Fragen und Antworten"
2690:. International Council on Clean Transportation
2518:. International Council on Clean Transportation
2213:Lathia, Rutvik; Dadhaniya, Sujal (2019-01-20).
2212:
2116:"China Launches Tougher Auto Emission Standard"
1091:Replace old vehicles with newer, cleaner models
2259:
3347:Dieselnet pages on vehicle emission standards
3017:. Chichester District Council. Archived from
2989:"Taxi emissions ruling set for January start"
1720:
301:
3259:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2187:
2185:
1698:"City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2021"
2383:"Emission Test Cycles: Japanese 10-15 Mode"
2071:
2069:
1268:EU Regulation No 443/2009 set an average CO
607:Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999
2141:"China: Beijing launches Euro 4 standards"
1963:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1157:Emission Regulations in Japan for vehicles
527:Since 1 January 2021, all new vehicles in
308:
294:
2981:
2909:
2899:
2329:
2302:
2278:
2182:
1738:
645:, emissions standards are managed by the
449:Learn how and when to remove this message
3273:
3236:"The National Electric Vehicle Strategy"
2802:
2767:
2750:
2720:
2589:. Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL)
2325:
2323:
2066:
1721:Littman, Fred E.; Magill, P. L. (2012).
670:
637:United States vehicle emission standards
3045:. Plymouth City Council. Archived from
1806:
1502:
1482:
718:air quality problems in the Los Angeles
3432:
3240:The National Electric Vehicle Strategy
2965:
2963:
2688:"Reducing vehicle emissions in Turkey"
1624:
1527:"Smog Check – Vehicle Emissions Tests"
1350:cars have not been carried out during
658:National Ambient Air Quality Standards
139:International environmental agreements
3208:
2971:"Emission Standards: Russia and EAEU"
2732:
2320:
2296:
2272:
1951:O, Catalina Rojas (4 February 2013).
1807:Panzera, Daniel (September 1, 2015).
1787:
1602:
1600:
735:California is attempting to regulate
399:Vehicle emission performance standard
323:are the legal requirements governing
3360:"Emission Standards Reference Guide"
3134:
2584:"Air Pollution and Health in Turkey"
1305:
1094:Retrofit old vehicles with approved
1016:, called in short The Motor Vehicle
956:Air Pollution Dispute Resolution Act
674:
614:heavy-duty engines and motorcycles.
560:
431:adding citations to reliable sources
402:
339:
159:Supranational environmental agencies
2960:
2814:
2784:
2558:. Anadolu Agency. 10 February 2017.
2355:"Japanese gasoline emission limits"
1593:. Environment Canada. Jul 17, 2013.
1261:the fuel came from fossil sources.
1117:Micro buses (11-29 seats): 10 years
13:
2260:Nishant Parekh (August 30, 2019).
1597:
1120:Large buses (≥ 30 seats): 12 years
14:
3461:
3340:
2143:. Automotiveworld.com. 2008-01-04
1950:
1249:
352:. Others regulate emissions from
2746:(in German) (91): 5. 1985-04-19.
2118:. English.cri.cn. Archived from
1686:. EPA. 2021-12-20. News Release.
1591:"Vehicle and Engine Regulations"
1450:Mobile emission reduction credit
1310:
761:
711:Under federal law, the state of
679:
663:In December 2021 EPA issued new
630:
564:
556:
407:
40:
3318:
3292:
3267:
3227:
3202:
3177:
3153:
3128:
3110:
3092:
3063:
3032:
3007:
2934:
2874:; Peters, Glen P. (July 2020).
2862:
2838:
2702:
2680:
2654:
2626:
2601:
2576:
2562:
2548:
2530:
2505:
2491:
2463:
2445:
2425:
2400:
2375:
2347:
2253:
2154:
2133:
2108:
2097:. Chinadaily.com.cn. 2004-07-07
2087:
2045:
2027:
2013:
1995:
1981:
1944:
1919:
1901:
1883:
1855:
1837:
1819:
1800:
1781:
1755:
1714:
1690:
1676:
1662:
1404:The Center for Clean Air Policy
1189:and no national limit on PM2.5
925:Bharat stage emission standards
647:Environmental Protection Agency
543:
418:needs additional citations for
348:(motor cars) and other powered
57:Environmental impact assessment
2408:"Fuel economy label generator"
1740:10.1080/00966665.1953.10467586
1643:
1618:
1565:
1547:
1519:
1126:Diesel passenger cars: 9 years
730:California Air Resources Board
272:Right to a healthy environment
1:
3274:Costello, Mike (2023-04-19).
2231:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.202
2219:Journal of Cleaner Production
1788:Simon, Richard (2009-05-19).
1475:
463:emission performance standard
144:Environmental laws by country
3185:"Vehicle emission standards"
3137:"Vehicle Emission Standards"
2412:Fuel economy label generator
1627:"All EPA Emission Standards"
1365:
896:
766:
745:performance-based regulation
7:
1430:European emission standards
1387:
1256:European emission standards
1222:European Economic Community
1200:An average of 135 g CO
1164:
855:
827:
381:European Economic Community
10:
3466:
3450:Regulation of technologies
2773:
2756:
1625:US EPA, OAR (2014-01-21).
1360:
1253:
1207:
922:
903:Air pollution in Hong Kong
900:
870:
783:
634:
535:
392:
18:
2901:10.1038/s41558-020-0797-x
2262:"Clearing the air on BS6"
1470:Vehicle emissions control
1399:Carbon dioxide equivalent
1319:This article needs to be
1288:
1215:
1172:
952:Air Pollution Control Act
779:
688:This section needs to be
617:
596:
521:
516:
467:vehicle emissions control
277:War and environmental law
185:Climate change litigation
77:Environmental cleanup law
2826:European Investment Bank
2808:
2726:
2572:. Ahval. 7 January 2018.
1513:
1493:
1379:greenhouse gas emissions
940:
918:
866:
811:
737:greenhouse gas emissions
654:groundskeeping equipment
531:must comply with Euro 4.
509:/MWhr), and kilograms CO
222:Environmental personhood
154:Environmental ministries
1913:Estradao.estadao.com.br
1465:Ultra-low-sulfur diesel
1455:Motor vehicle emissions
1075:not to gasoline cars).
850:
837:
360:, and other sources of
2993:Woking News & Mail
1425:Environmental standard
1103:and PM control devices
1003:In 1992, to cope with
998:10 - 15 Mode Hot Cycle
873:Energy policy of China
149:Environmental lawsuits
134:Environmental journals
3141:Infrastructure.gov.au
2880:Nature Climate Change
2846:"Transport emissions"
2641:Globalfueleconomy.org
2471:"Country Name Turkey"
1895:Autoesporte.globo.com
1543:on November 20, 2008.
1440:Flexible-fuel vehicle
1301:
671:State-level standards
262:Public trust doctrine
227:Environmental justice
85:Natural resources law
49:Pollution control law
19:Further information:
3332:. December 22, 2023.
3076:BBC Northern Ireland
2798:. 29 September 1997.
2716:. December 10, 2021.
2122:on November 14, 2007
2081:www.ccacoalition.org
2041:. December 18, 2017.
427:improve this article
72:Waste management law
3414:. 23 November 2023.
3080:. 26 September 2018
2892:2020NatCC..10..647L
2459:. 22 February 2023.
1915:. 11 February 2022.
1769:. 12 September 2008
1561:. 27 February 2020.
1415:Emission test cycle
795:(similar to Euro 5)
321:Emission standards
210:Environmental crime
190:Earth jurisprudence
126:Reference materials
98:Water resources law
28:Part of a series on
3440:Emission standards
2668:. European Council
2021:"Ley 1972 de 2019"
1897:. 3 December 2021.
1672:. EPA. 2022-09-13.
1234:European Community
1187:low-emission zones
1061:Emission Standards
752:Carl Moyer Program
611:Environment Canada
576:. You can help by
475:oxides of nitrogen
327:released into the
175:Administrative law
93:Species protection
3365:. 19 August 2015.
3209:Mortimore, Anna.
2995:. 18 October 2013
2714:En.vietnamplus.vn
2362:Walshcarlines.com
1977:. 2 October 2020.
1931:Conama.mma.gov.br
1794:Los Angeles Times
1767:howstuffworks.com
1651:Federal Register,
1420:Emissions trading
1344:local authorities
1340:
1339:
879:coal power plants
709:
708:
594:
593:
513:/MWhr elsewhere.
479:oxides of sulphur
459:
458:
451:
340:Regulated sources
318:
317:
237:International law
67:Water quality law
34:Environmental law
3457:
3419:
3415:
3413:
3370:
3366:
3364:
3334:
3333:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3258:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3215:The Conversation
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3051:
3044:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2967:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2913:
2903:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2638:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2613:Greenmatch.co.uk
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2544:. 17 April 2018.
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2475:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2359:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2327:
2318:
2317:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2266:Autocarindia.com
2257:
2251:
2250:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2166:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2073:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2009:. 16 March 2022.
1999:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1867:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1851:. 26 March 2011.
1841:
1835:
1834:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1742:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1660:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1536:. Archived from
1531:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1273:emissions target
1151:
1139:
1102:
1086:
1073:
1056:
1046:
1034:
1024:
1011:
992:
983:
974:
960:US Clean Air Act
704:
701:
695:
683:
682:
675:
589:
586:
568:
561:
491:greenhouse gases
454:
447:
443:
440:
434:
411:
403:
310:
303:
296:
267:Rights of nature
44:
25:
24:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3430:
3429:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3403:
3368:
3362:
3358:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3284:
3282:
3272:
3268:
3252:
3251:
3244:
3242:
3232:
3228:
3219:
3217:
3207:
3203:
3194:
3192:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3169:
3167:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3145:
3143:
3133:
3129:
3122:www.honda.co.uk
3116:
3115:
3111:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3024:
3022:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2939:
2935:
2872:Creutzig, Felix
2867:
2863:
2854:
2852:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2830:
2828:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2777:Teknikens Värld
2772:
2768:
2760:Teknikens Värld
2755:
2751:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2478:Wedocs.unep.org
2473:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2367:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2332:World Cars 1978
2328:
2321:
2315:
2305:World Cars 1977
2301:
2297:
2291:
2281:World Cars 1979
2277:
2273:
2258:
2254:
2211:
2204:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2174:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2146:
2144:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2125:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2100:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2058:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1874:
1872:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1805:
1801:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1719:
1715:
1706:
1704:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1648:
1644:
1635:
1633:
1623:
1619:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1512:
1503:
1492:
1483:
1478:
1445:Fuel efficiency
1410:Emission factor
1390:
1368:
1363:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1291:
1271:
1258:
1252:
1218:
1210:
1203:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1101:
1095:
1085:
1079:
1072:
1066:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1010:
1004:
991:
985:
982:
976:
973:
967:
943:
927:
921:
905:
899:
875:
869:
858:
853:
840:
830:
814:
788:
782:
769:
764:
705:
699:
696:
693:
684:
680:
673:
639:
633:
620:
599:
590:
584:
581:
574:needs expansion
559:
546:
538:
524:
519:
512:
508:
500:
493:, particularly
488:
484:
455:
444:
438:
435:
424:
412:
401:
378:
342:
314:
62:Air quality law
23:
21:Air quality law
17:
12:
11:
5:
3463:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3383:
3356:
3350:
3342:
3341:External links
3339:
3336:
3335:
3317:
3306:. 1 March 2023
3304:Solar Citizens
3291:
3266:
3226:
3201:
3176:
3152:
3127:
3109:
3091:
3062:
3031:
3006:
2980:
2959:
2944:
2933:
2886:(7): 647–653.
2861:
2837:
2813:
2801:
2783:
2766:
2749:
2731:
2719:
2701:
2679:
2663:
2653:
2625:
2600:
2575:
2561:
2547:
2529:
2504:
2490:
2462:
2444:
2424:
2399:
2374:
2346:
2340:
2319:
2313:
2295:
2289:
2271:
2252:
2202:
2181:
2153:
2132:
2107:
2086:
2065:
2044:
2039:UN Environment
2026:
2012:
1994:
1980:
1962:
1943:
1918:
1900:
1882:
1854:
1836:
1818:
1799:
1780:
1754:
1713:
1689:
1675:
1661:
1642:
1617:
1596:
1582:
1564:
1546:
1518:
1501:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1338:
1337:
1331:September 2020
1318:
1316:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1269:
1254:Main article:
1251:
1250:European Union
1248:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1146:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1092:
1081:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1051:
1041:
1029:
1019:
1006:
987:
978:
969:
964:mean emissions
942:
939:
923:Main article:
920:
917:
898:
895:
894:
893:
890:
887:
868:
865:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
847:
844:
839:
836:
835:
834:
829:
826:
825:
824:
821:
818:
813:
810:
809:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
784:Main article:
781:
778:
777:
776:
773:
768:
765:
763:
760:
707:
706:
687:
685:
678:
672:
669:
665:greenhouse gas
635:Main article:
632:
629:
628:
627:
624:
619:
616:
598:
595:
592:
591:
571:
569:
558:
555:
545:
542:
537:
534:
533:
532:
523:
520:
518:
515:
510:
506:
498:
495:carbon dioxide
486:
482:
457:
456:
415:
413:
406:
400:
397:
376:
341:
338:
333:air pollutants
325:air pollutants
316:
315:
313:
312:
305:
298:
290:
287:
286:
285:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
252:Law of the sea
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
218:
217:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
180:Bankruptcy law
177:
169:
168:
167:Related topics
164:
163:
162:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
128:
127:
123:
122:
121:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
87:
86:
82:
81:
80:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3462:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3445:Air pollution
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3425:
3422:
3418:(140 KB)
3410:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3369:(141 KB)
3361:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3281:
3277:
3270:
3262:
3256:
3241:
3237:
3230:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3166:
3165:Dieselnet.com
3162:
3156:
3142:
3138:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3052:on 2013-12-17
3048:
3041:
3035:
3021:on 2013-12-17
3020:
3016:
3010:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2976:
2975:dieselnet.com
2972:
2966:
2964:
2948:
2937:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2865:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2810:
2805:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2779:
2778:
2770:
2762:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2728:
2723:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2689:
2683:
2667:
2657:
2642:
2635:
2629:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2585:
2579:
2571:
2565:
2557:
2551:
2543:
2542:Autocar.co.uk
2539:
2533:
2514:
2508:
2500:
2494:
2479:
2472:
2466:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2434:
2428:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2388:
2387:Dieselnet.com
2384:
2378:
2363:
2356:
2350:
2343:
2341:0-910714-10-X
2337:
2333:
2326:
2324:
2316:
2314:0-910714-09-6
2310:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2290:0-910714-11-8
2286:
2282:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2225:: 1339–1346.
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2207:
2198:
2197:dieselnet.com
2194:
2188:
2186:
2170:
2163:
2157:
2142:
2136:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2096:
2090:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2054:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2022:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1990:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1871:
1864:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1685:
1679:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1592:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1539:
1535:
1534:Emissions.org
1528:
1522:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1497:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1435:Driving cycle
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1394:C. Arden Pope
1392:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1334:
1322:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1213:
1205:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1170:
1162:
1154:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1071:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1015:
1009:
1001:
999:
994:
990:
981:
972:
965:
961:
957:
953:
948:
947:
938:
935:
931:
926:
916:
913:
910:
904:
891:
888:
885:
884:
883:
880:
874:
864:
861:
845:
842:
841:
832:
831:
822:
819:
816:
815:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
790:
789:
787:
774:
771:
770:
762:South America
759:
755:
753:
748:
746:
741:
738:
733:
731:
726:
722:
719:
714:
703:
700:December 2022
691:
686:
677:
676:
668:
666:
661:
659:
655:
650:
648:
644:
643:United States
638:
631:United States
625:
622:
621:
615:
612:
608:
604:
588:
579:
575:
572:This section
570:
567:
563:
562:
557:North America
554:
550:
541:
530:
526:
525:
514:
504:
503:megawatt-hour
496:
492:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
453:
450:
442:
432:
428:
422:
421:
416:This section
414:
410:
405:
404:
396:
394:
390:
384:
382:
374:
373:smog problems
370:
365:
363:
362:air pollution
359:
355:
351:
347:
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
311:
306:
304:
299:
297:
292:
291:
289:
288:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
232:Insurance law
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
216:
213:
212:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
172:
171:
170:
166:
165:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
131:
130:
129:
125:
124:
119:
116:
114:
113:Fisheries law
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
90:
89:
88:
84:
83:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
63:
60:
58:
55:
54:
53:
52:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
27:
26:
22:
3329:
3320:
3308:. Retrieved
3303:
3294:
3283:. Retrieved
3279:
3269:
3243:. Retrieved
3239:
3229:
3218:. Retrieved
3214:
3204:
3193:. Retrieved
3191:. 2021-11-15
3188:
3179:
3168:. Retrieved
3164:
3155:
3144:. Retrieved
3140:
3130:
3121:
3112:
3103:
3094:
3084:26 September
3082:. Retrieved
3074:
3065:
3054:. Retrieved
3047:the original
3034:
3023:. Retrieved
3019:the original
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2992:
2983:
2974:
2950:. Retrieved
2936:
2911:10871/122774
2883:
2879:
2864:
2853:. Retrieved
2850:ec.europa.eu
2849:
2840:
2829:. Retrieved
2825:
2816:
2804:
2786:
2775:
2769:
2758:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2722:
2713:
2704:
2692:. Retrieved
2682:
2670:. Retrieved
2656:
2644:. Retrieved
2640:
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:
2603:
2591:. Retrieved
2578:
2564:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2520:. Retrieved
2507:
2493:
2481:. Retrieved
2477:
2465:
2457:Pattaya Mail
2456:
2447:
2436:. Retrieved
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2411:
2402:
2390:. Retrieved
2386:
2377:
2366:. Retrieved
2364:. p. 28
2361:
2349:
2331:
2304:
2298:
2280:
2274:
2265:
2255:
2222:
2218:
2196:
2173:. Retrieved
2168:
2156:
2145:. Retrieved
2135:
2124:. Retrieved
2120:the original
2110:
2099:. Retrieved
2089:
2080:
2057:. Retrieved
2047:
2038:
2029:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1983:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1930:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1873:. Retrieved
1870:Ibama.gov.br
1869:
1857:
1849:Dgabc.com.br
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1802:
1793:
1783:
1771:. Retrieved
1766:
1757:
1733:(1): 29–34.
1730:
1726:
1716:
1705:. Retrieved
1701:
1692:
1678:
1664:
1650:
1645:
1634:. Retrieved
1630:
1620:
1611:
1585:
1577:Challenge.ma
1576:
1567:
1558:
1549:
1538:the original
1533:
1521:
1496:Quattroruote
1495:
1383:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1356:
1341:
1328:
1320:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1239:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1211:
1199:
1191:particulates
1184:
1176:
1168:
1160:
1147:
1142:
1135:
1129:
1106:
1098:
1082:
1077:
1069:
1064:
1057:and PM Law.
1052:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1020:
1007:
1002:
995:
988:
979:
970:
963:
949:
945:
944:
936:
932:
928:
914:
906:
876:
862:
859:
756:
749:
742:
734:
727:
723:
710:
697:
689:
662:
651:
640:
600:
582:
578:adding to it
573:
551:
547:
544:South Africa
539:
462:
460:
445:
439:January 2009
436:
425:Please help
420:verification
417:
385:
366:
343:
320:
319:
257:Property law
108:Forestry law
2999:17 December
2169:Theicct.org
1813:16 Valvulas
1631:www.epa.gov
1406:(in the US)
946:Background
793:Proconve P7
369:Los Angeles
346:automobiles
3434:Categories
3371:for heavy
3285:2023-08-29
3220:2016-11-11
3195:2022-02-18
3170:2016-11-11
3146:2016-11-11
3056:2013-12-13
3025:2013-12-13
2952:5 February
2855:2022-09-01
2831:2022-09-01
2694:6 February
2672:7 February
2646:7 February
2618:6 February
2593:6 February
2522:6 February
2483:7 February
2438:2024-01-03
2368:2022-07-27
2175:2022-07-27
2171:. May 2015
2147:2011-02-02
2126:2011-02-02
2101:2011-02-02
2059:2023-12-18
1975:Autocosmos
1957:La Tercera
1831:Motor1.com
1727:Air Repair
1707:2023-05-02
1702:Census.gov
1636:2024-09-01
1612:t21.com.mx
1476:References
901:See also:
871:See also:
713:California
471:pollutants
358:generators
329:atmosphere
205:Energy law
103:Mining law
3310:29 August
3280:CarExpert
3245:29 August
2928:218693901
2920:1758-6798
2247:158500168
2239:0959-6526
1749:0096-6665
1366:Australia
909:Hong Kong
897:Hong Kong
767:Argentina
585:June 2008
195:Earth law
3255:cite web
2811:, p. 155
2809:Dicorato
2744:Die Welt
2729:, p. 154
2727:Dicorato
1516:, p. 152
1514:Dicorato
1388:See also
1342:Several
1182:(WLTP).
1178:use the
1165:Thailand
856:Cambodia
828:Colombia
786:PROCONVE
505:(lbs. CO
473:such as
354:industry
350:vehicles
282:Wild law
247:Land use
242:Land law
215:poaching
118:Game law
3380:engines
3377:nonroad
3104:Parkers
2888:Bibcode
2796:Riksdag
2417:4 April
2392:4 April
1936:26 July
1875:26 July
1773:4 April
1361:Oceania
1321:updated
1208:Vietnam
690:updated
536:Morocco
200:Ecocide
3416:
3367:
2943:"EU CO
2926:
2918:
2338:
2311:
2287:
2245:
2237:
1747:
1348:diesel
1289:Russia
1243:BMW Z1
1216:Europe
1195:Ankara
1173:Turkey
780:Brazil
618:Mexico
605:, the
603:Canada
597:Canada
529:ECOWAS
522:ECOWAS
517:Africa
485:and SO
3412:(PDF)
3363:(PDF)
3330:Drive
3050:(PDF)
3043:(PDF)
2924:S2CID
2637:(PDF)
2587:(PDF)
2516:(PDF)
2474:(PDF)
2358:(PDF)
2243:S2CID
2165:(PDF)
1866:(PDF)
1658:23414
1541:(PDF)
1530:(PDF)
996:The "
941:Japan
919:India
867:China
812:Chile
393:China
389:India
3375:and
3373:duty
3312:2023
3261:link
3247:2023
3086:2018
3078:News
3001:2013
2954:2014
2916:ISSN
2696:2019
2674:2019
2648:2019
2620:2019
2595:2019
2524:2019
2485:2019
2419:2018
2394:2018
2336:ISBN
2309:ISBN
2285:ISBN
2235:ISSN
1938:2022
1877:2022
1775:2018
1745:ISSN
1559:UNEP
1352:MOTs
1143:The
1065:The
851:Asia
838:Peru
477:and
2906:hdl
2896:doi
2662:"CO
2227:doi
2223:208
1735:doi
1653:79
601:In
580:.
497:(CO
481:(NO
461:An
429:by
3436::
3398:EU
3328:.
3302:.
3278:.
3257:}}
3253:{{
3238:.
3213:.
3187:.
3163:.
3139:.
3120:.
3102:.
3073:.
2991:.
2973:.
2962:^
2922:.
2914:.
2904:.
2894:.
2884:10
2882:.
2878:.
2848:.
2824:.
2712:.
2639:.
2611:.
2540:.
2476:.
2455:.
2410:.
2385:.
2360:.
2322:^
2264:.
2241:.
2233:.
2221:.
2217:.
2205:^
2195:.
2184:^
2167:.
2079:.
2068:^
2037:.
2005:.
1973:.
1955:.
1929:.
1911:.
1893:.
1868:.
1847:.
1829:.
1811:.
1792:.
1765:.
1743:.
1729:.
1725:.
1700:.
1655:FR
1629:.
1610:.
1599:^
1575:.
1557:.
1532:.
1504:^
1484:^
1302:UK
1145:NO
1133:NO
1096:NO
1080:NO
1067:NO
1050:NO
1040:NO
1028:NO
1018:NO
1005:NO
986:NO
977:NO
968:NO
660:.
391:,
371:'
364:.
3426:.
3420:.
3407:2
3388:.
3382:.
3355:.
3349:.
3314:.
3288:.
3263:)
3249:.
3223:.
3198:.
3173:.
3149:.
3124:.
3106:.
3088:.
3059:.
3028:.
3003:.
2977:.
2956:.
2945:2
2930:.
2908::
2898::
2890::
2858:.
2834:.
2698:.
2676:.
2664:2
2650:.
2622:.
2597:.
2526:.
2487:.
2441:.
2421:.
2396:.
2371:.
2268:.
2249:.
2229::
2199:.
2178:.
2150:.
2129:.
2104:.
2083:.
2062:.
2023:.
1991:.
1959:.
1940:.
1879:.
1833:.
1815:.
1796:.
1777:.
1751:.
1737::
1731:3
1710:.
1639:.
1614:.
1579:.
1333:)
1329:(
1323:.
1270:2
1202:2
1148:x
1136:x
1099:x
1083:x
1070:x
1053:x
1043:x
1031:x
1021:x
1008:x
989:x
980:x
971:x
702:)
698:(
692:.
587:)
583:(
511:2
507:2
499:2
487:x
483:x
452:)
446:(
441:)
437:(
423:.
377:x
309:e
302:t
295:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
