82:
284:
362:
270:
1220:
98:
488:
245:
657:
741:, and the firm stance of the British government against Saudi expansion in the Persian Gulf. The British, who had substantial interests in the region, closely monitored Faisal's movements. Their support for the Bahraini sheikh and their strategic positions in the Gulf influenced the broader regional dynamics.
765:
of Ha'il took the opportunity to intervene in the conflict and increase his own power. Gradually, Al Rashid extended his authority over most of Najd, including the Saudi capital, Riyadh. He finally expelled the last Saudi leader, Abdul Rahman bin Faisal, from Najd after the Battle of
Mulayda in 1891.
683:
To restore equilibrium and counteract
British influence, Mehmet Ali directed his aides to empower Faisal bin Turki, who had been imprisoned during his campaign in Najd, facilitating his escape from Egypt. Faisal's return was seen as crucial for maintaining balance, given his rightful claim to rule in
636:
who had managed to evade capture by the
Egyptians, was able to expel Egyptian forces and their local allies from Riyadh and its environs and is generally regarded as the founder of the second Saudi dynasty as well as the ancestor of the kings of modern-day Saudi Arabia. He made his capital in Riyadh
760:
Upon Faisal's death in 1865 the state began to decline due to the fact that different rulers, namely
Abdullah, Saud, Abdul Rahman and Saud's sons, became the head of the state until 1891. Immediately following the death of Faisal, Abdullah assumed rule in Riyadh but was soon challenged by his
756:
on 25 July stipulated that Ali bin
Khalifa, the Bahraini representative in Qatar, would remit 4,000 German krones annually as zakat to Faisal, while the latter agreed to restore Al Bidda Fort to Ali bin Khalifa and to abstain from interference in Qatari affairs.
668:, who had spent many years in the Egyptian court, as ruler in Riyadh and supported him with Egyptian troops. Khalid was the last surviving brother of Abdullah bin Saud bin Abdulaziz, a great-grandson of Muhammad ibn Saud. However, following the 1840
648:
Turki was assassinated in 1834 by
Mishari bin Abdul Rahman, a distant cousin. Mishari was soon besieged in Riyadh and later executed by Faisal, who went on to become the most prominent ruler of the Saudis' second reign. Faisal, however, faced a
729:, exploiting internal conflicts within the ruling family. Although unsuccessful in capturing Bahrain, he settled for a peace agreement that included a tribute payment. His inability to seize Bahrain was primarily due to attacks on the
979:
947:
1420:
706:
After regaining control, Faisal consolidated his power by subduing opposition tribes in Najd and forging alliances. This centralized authority required financial resources, prompting Faisal to target
789:
1104:
1954:
883:
Front Cover George Walter
Prothero, Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section. Peace Handbooks: Turkey in Asia (II), no. 61–66. H. M. Stationery Office, 1920. Pp. 20
1538:
298:
703:, and Muhammad. This time Faisal recognised Ottoman suzerainty and paid an annual tribute, in exchange he was recognised as “ruler of all the Arabs” by the Ottomans.
684:
Najd, which had been under
Abdullah bin Thunayan's control. Faisal's relationship with Muhammad Ali appears to have been pragmatic, governed by mutual interests.
1999:
653:
organised by Mehmet Ali. The local population was unwilling to resist, and Faisal was defeated and taken to Egypt as a prisoner for the second time in 1838.
596:'s reconquest of Riyadh from Egyptian forces in 1824 is generally regarded as the beginning of the Second Saudi State. Severe internal conflicts within the
624:
The first Saudi to attempt to regain power after the fall of the
Emirate of Diriyah in 1818 was Mishari bin Saud, a brother of the last ruler in Diriyah,
1994:
1033:
1680:
516:
1665:
687:
Assisted by the Al Rashid rulers of Ha'il, Faisal swiftly eliminated his rival and retook Riyadh, resuming his rule. He later appointed his son
676:, leaving Khalid with minimal support. Perceived by most locals as little more than an Egyptian governor, Khalid was toppled soon afterwards by
1949:
752:
in June 1851, Faisal gained temporary dominion over Qatar, which was previously under
Bahraini control. However, a peace agreement brokered by
1135:
584:
The second Saudi period was marked by less territorial expansion and less religious zeal, although the Saudi leaders continued to be called
718:—key economic hubs. He imposed his control over these regions, ensuring a steady flow of funds to his treasury by imposing what was termed
1724:
1553:
696:
476:
1882:
1148:
761:
brother, Saud. The two brothers fought a long civil war, in which they traded rule in Riyadh several times. A vassal of the Saudis,
1585:
1345:
1245:
642:
1964:
1533:
738:
1974:
1320:
796:
509:
386:
1910:
1959:
1315:
1260:
1071:
1472:
1388:
1255:
803:
665:
97:
1595:
1378:
1016:
1692:
1528:
1408:
1330:
1325:
1265:
1128:
907:
605:
1828:
1717:
1626:
1240:
502:
341:
1836:
1784:
1560:
1492:
1350:
779:
762:
629:
593:
81:
17:
1610:
1355:
1209:
864:
466:
1482:
1275:
810:
1707:
1653:
1548:
1497:
1477:
1393:
1365:
1121:
734:
1969:
1747:
1687:
1523:
1430:
1398:
1204:
993:
961:
859:
669:
471:
1772:
1643:
1565:
753:
1712:
1675:
1670:
1605:
1415:
1383:
1373:
1270:
1228:
700:
650:
461:
2004:
1979:
1818:
1806:
1789:
1702:
1638:
1487:
1444:
1294:
1280:
436:
426:
263:
208:
88:
1989:
1875:
1813:
1734:
1697:
1600:
1511:
1467:
1250:
1156:
840:
578:
446:
350:
168:
1984:
1846:
1752:
1543:
1219:
451:
1891:
1801:
1794:
1779:
1767:
1757:
1658:
1648:
1462:
933:
897:
677:
416:
250:
725:
Faisal's ambitions extended beyond these territories. In 1847, he attempted to intervene in
361:
1851:
1403:
1335:
324:
8:
1896:
820:
745:
688:
492:
406:
1580:
1452:
1310:
1189:
1174:
1169:
1164:
730:
566:
562:
411:
391:
381:
376:
371:
155:
1742:
1184:
1179:
1012:
903:
893:
673:
633:
625:
601:
456:
431:
204:
131:
1099:
1457:
1199:
637:
and was able to enlist the services of many relatives who had escaped captivity in
441:
672:
imposed by European powers, the Egyptians withdrew their military presence in the
827:
609:
550:
63:
47:
1425:
1064:
570:
396:
277:
1943:
1925:
1912:
707:
692:
597:
546:
1144:
1065:"Saudi Arabia: Modernity, Stability, and the Twenty-First Century Monarchy"
638:
574:
554:
316:
121:
1575:
291:
1113:
589:
1340:
613:
816:
Imam Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud (second time) 1843–1865
1856:
1590:
726:
656:
401:
1762:
715:
628:
but he was soon captured by the Egyptians and killed. In 1824,
558:
111:
1841:
749:
719:
711:
320:
785:
Imam Turki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad (second time) 1824–1834
1570:
585:
542:
328:
833:
Imam Abdullah bin Faisal bin Turki (second time) 1871–1873
604:
in 1891, between the forces loyal to the last Saudi imam,
846:
Imam Abdullah bin Faisal bin Turki (third time) 1876–1889
1031:
811:
Abdullah bin Thunayan bin Ibrahim bin Thunayan bin Saud
722:, though it functioned as a tax in contemporary terms.
1955:
19th-century establishments in the Arabian Peninsula
849:
Imam Abdul Rahman bin Faisal (second time) 1889–1891
774:
Abdul Rahman bin Faisal, last ruler of the Emirate.
1070:. Joint Special Operations University. p. 22.
892:
695:, and divided his dominions among his three sons
557:. Saudi rule was restored to central and eastern
1941:
600:eventually led to the dynasty's downfall at the
1062:
1041:(PhD thesis). University of Arizona. p. 13
1035:Diplomatic history of Saudi Arabia, 1903-1960's
934:Saudi Arabia: The Ceaseless Quest for Security
2000:States and territories disestablished in 1891
1129:
569:, having previously been brought down by the
510:
836:Imam Saud bin Faisal (second time) 1873–1875
55:
39:
1539:Council of Economic and Development Affairs
1995:States and territories established in 1824
1136:
1122:
902:. Cambridge University Press. p. 25.
517:
503:
96:
1143:
973:
971:
928:
926:
680:, of the collateral Al Thunayan branch.
655:
14:
1942:
1006:
977:
968:
945:
102:Borders of the Emirate of Nejd by 1850
1950:19th century in the Arabian Peninsula
1117:
1110:, January/February 1999, pp 4–11
1058:
1056:
923:
804:Khalid bin Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
797:Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud
660:Two Saudi warriors on horseback, 1848
632:, a grandson of the first Saudi imam
981:الُهَُوِّيَة الَوَطنّيّة الَقَطرّيّة
949:الُهَُوِّيَة الَوَطنّيّة الَقَطرّيّة
790:Mishari bin Abdul Rahman bin Mishari
541:, existing between 1824 and 1891 in
1105:"The first and second Saudi states"
56:
40:
27:1824–1891 state in Arabia Peninsula
24:
1053:
978:Al-Ali, Khalid bin Ghanem (2024).
946:Al-Ali, Khalid bin Ghanem (2024).
25:
2016:
1326:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
1093:
1032:Mohamed Zayyan Aljazairi (1968).
936:. Cornell University Press. 2018.
606:Abdul Rahman ibn Faisal ibn Turki
1218:
486:
360:
296:
282:
268:
243:
80:
1493:General Intelligence Presidency
1077:from the original on 8 May 2021
780:Turki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad
763:Muhammad bin Abdullah Al Rashid
630:Turki ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad
594:Turki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad
1965:1891 disestablishments in Asia
1025:
1000:
939:
886:
877:
865:List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
13:
1:
1975:Former countries in West Asia
1483:Chairman of the General Staff
1063:Roby C. Barrett (June 2015).
870:
821:Abdullah bin Faisal bin Turki
689:Abdullah bin Faisal bin Turki
1100:Second State of Saudi Arabia
193:• Reconquest of Riyadh
7:
1960:1824 establishments in Asia
1725:Water supply and sanitation
1554:History of the oil industry
1421:Mutaween (religious police)
994:Ministry of Culture (Qatar)
962:Ministry of Culture (Qatar)
860:Unification of Saudi Arabia
853:
387:Umayyad and Abbasid periods
10:
2021:
754:Saeed bin Tahnun Al Nahyan
619:
477:Declaration of unification
1869:
1827:
1733:
1634:
1625:
1519:
1510:
1443:
1364:
1346:National Security Council
1306:
1302:
1293:
1236:
1227:
1216:
1155:
1011:. Routledge. p. 69.
899:A History of Saudi Arabia
769:
462:Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd
312:
222:
218:
201:
191:
187:
179:
175:
162:
149:
145:
137:
127:
117:
107:
95:
77:
72:
34:
1591:Tadawul (stock exchange)
1586:Supreme Economic Council
1534:Capital Market Authority
1488:General Staff Presidency
1341:Mabahith (secret police)
1007:Rahman, Habibur (2006).
986:Qatari National Identity
980:
954:Qatari National Identity
948:
744:In the aftermath of the
664:The Egyptians installed
437:Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
427:Emirate of Jabal Shammar
264:Emirate of Jabal Shammar
1473:Strategic Missile Force
841:Abdul Rahman bin Faisal
493:Saudi Arabia portal
467:Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
447:Idrisid Emirate of Asir
169:Abdul Rahman bin Faisal
41:الدولة السعودية الثانية
1009:The Emergence Of Qatar
843:(first time) 1875–1876
830:1871–1871 (first time)
823:(first time) 1865–1871
799:(first time) 1834–1838
782:(first time) 1819–1820
661:
452:Sheikdom of Upper Asir
1321:Consultative Assembly
678:Abdullah bin Thunayan
659:
118:Common languages
670:Convention of London
641:, including his son
592:religious scholars.
325:United Arab Emirates
1922: /
1581:Saudi Central Bank
1389:Freedom of religion
1170:Early Islamic State
792:1834–1834 (Usurper)
746:Battle of Mesaimeer
651:re-invasion of Najd
588:and still employed
579:Ottoman–Wahhabi War
407:Bani Khalid Emirate
377:Early Islamic State
1970:Former Arab states
1596:Telecommunications
1379:Capital punishment
1311:Allegiance Council
1190:Emirate of Diriyah
1175:Rashidun Caliphate
1165:Pre-Islamic Arabia
1108:Saudi Aramco World
731:Al-Qassim Province
662:
563:Emirate of Diriyah
539:Second Saudi State
417:Mu'ammarid Imamate
412:Emirate of Diriyah
392:Sharifate of Mecca
382:Rashidun Caliphate
251:Mu'ammarid Imamate
156:Turki bin Abdullah
36:Second Saudi State
1926:23.000°N 45.500°E
1905:
1904:
1865:
1864:
1693:Human trafficking
1621:
1620:
1506:
1505:
1439:
1438:
1331:Foreign relations
1289:
1288:
1185:Abbasid Caliphate
1180:Umayyad Caliphate
894:Madawi al Rasheed
674:Arabian Peninsula
634:Muhammad ibn Saud
626:Abdullah ibn Saud
602:Battle of Mulayda
567:First Saudi State
545:, the regions of
527:
526:
457:Sultanate of Nejd
432:Emirate of Riyadh
334:
333:
308:
307:
304:
303:
256:
255:
205:Battle of Mulayda
164:• 1889–1891
151:• 1819–1834
132:Absolute monarchy
16:(Redirected from
2012:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1885:
1878:
1718:response to ISIL
1632:
1631:
1576:Riyal (currency)
1517:
1516:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1246:Cities and towns
1234:
1233:
1222:
1200:Kingdom of Hejaz
1138:
1131:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1076:
1069:
1060:
1051:
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1046:
1040:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1004:
998:
997:
991:
975:
966:
965:
959:
943:
937:
930:
921:
920:
918:
916:
890:
884:
881:
735:Muhammad bin Awn
643:Faisal bin Turki
519:
512:
505:
491:
490:
489:
442:Kingdom of Hejaz
364:
354:
336:
335:
300:
299:
286:
285:
272:
271:
260:
259:
247:
246:
240:
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100:
84:
67:
59:
58:
51:
43:
42:
32:
31:
21:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2005:Former emirates
1980:History of Najd
1940:
1939:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1861:
1823:
1785:Public holidays
1729:
1617:
1561:Foreign workers
1502:
1435:
1360:
1351:Nuclear program
1285:
1223:
1214:
1195:Emirate of Nejd
1151:
1142:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1061:
1054:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1005:
1001:
989:
982:
976:
969:
957:
950:
944:
940:
932:Safran, Nadav.
931:
924:
914:
912:
910:
891:
887:
882:
878:
873:
856:
828:Saud ibn Faisal
772:
739:Khalid bin Saud
666:Khalid bin Saud
622:
610:Rashidi dynasty
553:of what is now
535:Imamate of Nejd
531:Emirate of Nejd
523:
487:
485:
422:Emirate of Nejd
352:
345:
327:
323:
319:
297:
283:
269:
244:
214:24 January 1891
211:
194:
165:
152:
103:
91:
86:
85:
68:
61:
54:
53:Emirate of Nejd
52:
45:
37:
28:
23:
22:
18:Emirate of Najd
15:
12:
11:
5:
2018:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1990:Ottoman Arabia
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1931:23.000; 45.500
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1866:
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1787:
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1739:
1737:
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1722:
1721:
1720:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1668:
1666:Discrimination
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1661:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1629:
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1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1498:Military ranks
1495:
1490:
1485:
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1478:National Guard
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1455:
1449:
1447:
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1361:
1359:
1358:
1356:Prime Minister
1353:
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1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1307:
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1225:
1224:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1210:Modern history
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1141:
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1126:
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1111:
1102:
1095:
1094:External links
1092:
1089:
1088:
1052:
1024:
1018:978-0710312136
1017:
999:
967:
938:
922:
908:
896:(April 2010).
885:
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852:
851:
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793:
786:
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771:
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571:Ottoman Empire
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372:Ancient Arabia
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9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2017:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:House of Saud
1983:
1981:
1978:
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1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
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996:. p. 53.
995:
992:(in Arabic).
987:
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964:. p. 52.
963:
960:(in Arabic).
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909:9780521761284
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693:heir apparent
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598:House of Saud
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582:
581:(1811–1818).
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1907:
1708:Prostitution
1681:universities
1654:Demographics
1549:Oil reserves
1394:Human rights
1261:Governorates
1194:
1145:Saudi Arabia
1107:
1079:. Retrieved
1043:. Retrieved
1034:
1027:
1008:
1002:
985:
953:
941:
913:. Retrieved
898:
888:
879:
773:
759:
743:
724:
705:
686:
682:
663:
647:
623:
583:
575:Egypt Eyalet
555:Saudi Arabia
538:
534:
530:
528:
421:
397:Ottoman rule
353:Saudi Arabia
317:Saudi Arabia
233:Succeeded by
232:
227:
122:Najdi Arabic
29:
1929: /
1748:Visual arts
1688:Health care
1524:Agriculture
1468:Air Defense
1431:Visa policy
1256:Earthquakes
1205:Unification
1045:26 November
915:18 February
472:Unification
351:History of
292:Najd Sanjak
228:Preceded by
1944:Categories
1773:television
1644:Censorship
1566:Irrigation
1081:8 February
871:References
608:, and the
561:after the
128:Government
1713:Terrorism
1676:libraries
1671:Education
1606:Transport
1529:Companies
1463:Air Force
1416:Judiciary
1384:Elections
1374:Basic Law
1271:Provinces
1266:Mountains
1229:Geography
813:1841–1843
806:1838–1841
590:Wahhabist
209:Al Rashid
207:with the
73:1824–1891
57:إمارة نجد
1892:Category
1819:Heritage
1807:football
1790:Religion
1763:Language
1703:Polygamy
1639:Abortion
1445:Military
1426:Passport
1295:Politics
1281:Wildlife
1149:articles
1072:Archived
1068:(Report)
854:See also
697:Abdullah
537:was the
342:a series
340:Part of
1917:45°30′E
1876:Outline
1829:Symbols
1814:Theatre
1758:Cuisine
1735:Culture
1698:Obesity
1627:Society
1601:Tourism
1512:Economy
1316:Cabinet
1251:Climate
1241:Borders
1157:History
727:Bahrain
708:Al-Ahsa
620:History
577:in the
402:Jabrids
203:•
180:History
158:(first)
108:Capital
1914:23°0′N
1897:Portal
1847:Emblem
1837:Anthem
1753:Cinema
1544:Energy
1147:
1015:
988:]
956:]
906:
770:Rulers
716:Saihat
714:, and
565:, the
559:Arabia
547:Riyadh
344:on the
183:
171:(last)
141:
112:Riyadh
64:Arabic
60:
48:Arabic
44:
1883:Index
1857:Motto
1842:Dance
1802:Sport
1795:Islam
1780:Music
1768:Media
1659:youth
1649:Crime
1409:Women
1276:Wadis
1075:(PDF)
1039:(PDF)
990:(PDF)
984:[
958:(PDF)
952:[
839:Imam
826:Imam
819:Imam
809:Imam
802:Imam
795:Imam
788:Imam
778:Imam
750:Qatar
720:zakat
712:Qatif
639:Egypt
614:Ha'il
551:Ha'il
321:Qatar
1852:Flag
1611:rail
1571:OPEC
1458:Navy
1453:Army
1404:Rape
1399:LGBT
1336:King
1083:2021
1047:2020
1013:ISBN
917:2017
904:ISBN
737:and
701:Saud
586:Imam
549:and
543:Nejd
529:The
329:Oman
197:1824
138:Imam
89:Flag
1743:Art
1366:Law
748:in
733:by
691:as
612:of
573:'s
533:or
1946::
1055:^
970:^
925:^
710:,
699:,
645:.
616:.
1137:e
1130:t
1123:v
1085:.
1049:.
1021:.
919:.
518:e
511:t
504:v
66:)
62:(
50:)
46:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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