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myths." After Smith left, the Prime
Minister asked the Foreign Ministry to give him three names that would satisfy the Secretary-General's request. Anyaoku was among the three names suggested and was selected by the Prime Minister for secondment to the new Commonwealth secretariat. On arrival at the Secretariat in London in April 1966, Anyaoku was particularly impressed with the way the Secretary-General, Arnold Smith was handling the Rhodesia UDI issue. He was made Assistant Director of International Affairs which later became the Political Affairs Division. His first major assignment was to serve as Secretary of a Review Committee set up by the Secretary-General with the approval of Heads of Government to review all existing Commonwealth inter-governmental institutions with a view to determining which should be integrated into the newly established Commonwealth Secretariat.
703:. Begum Zia had become the prime minister following the assassination of her husband who was the Prime Minister. The leader of the opposition party, Sheikh Hasina, was the daughter of Sheik Abdul Rahman, the first Prime Minister of independent Bangladesh who with his entire family with the exception of daughter Hasina had been killed in a military coup d'état. Hasina was lucky to be out of the country on that fateful night. Anyaoku persuaded the two leaders to agree to his proposal to send an experienced representative to come to Bangladeshi to hold discussions with the Prime Minister, Begum Zia and the leader of the opposition Sheik Hasina with a view to finding a formula for mutual accommodation between their two parties. Anyaoku consequently sent as his special representative,
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know of Mr. Anyaoku, it is obvious that he was destined to be a diplomat, because he had all the makings – intelligence, friendliness, the ability to get things without offending anybody." Metu also recalled
Anyaoku as a very studious student at the Merchants of Light School. He stated, "Anyaoku cannot spare any moment for play – he was always reading or working on something. Or occasionally, when he was tired and wanted to relax, he would crack some very serious jokes and everybody would be laughing." Anyaoku was among the second intake of 60 boys. When they sat for the Cambridge School Certificate examination, he took 10 subjects and earned the school's first grade pass, the highest level.
793:(2000-2002). He was awarded the Freedom of the City of London in 1998 and has received decorations from Nigeria CFR and CON, and the highest national civilian honours of Cameroon, Lesotho, Madagascar, Namibia and Trinidad & Tobago's Trinity Cross (TC) as well as Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) from her Majesty, The Queen in 2000. He was one of the fifty, and also one of the one hundred individuals who were awarded special gold medals for outstanding contribution to the country's development by the Federal Government in the celebrations of Nigeria's independence Golden Jubilee in 2010 and Centenary in 2014.
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different kinds of students’ activities organized by the Obosi
Students Association. Anyaoku, Eneli said, showed particular signs of leadership qualities. In his words, "I had the idea that he would become a leader, which he exhibited every time we all went home on holidays." He said further, " we used to call him ‘lawyer’, because he was always arguing, and logical in whatever he approached. We would be persuaded by his intellect and by his argument, and his approach to whatever discussions we had."
608:. The day after his arrival at the Biafran enclave, he had a scary experience of a bomb raid during which he had to dive with his two interlocutors in the Biafran Foreign Ministry under the table. He eventually had a dramatic encounter with Ojukwu in his bunker at his headquarters. And when he left Biafra, after also seeing a number of his relations, he had a hair-raising exit on a flight that was evacuating children. It was an aircraft with no seats, which took off from Uli to
733:. On the day after the annulment, Chief Anyaoku issued a strident statement, saying that the annulment was a "severe setback to the cause of democracy, particularly at a time when all Commonwealth governments have pledged themselves to promote democratic rule in their countries"; he called it "a bitter disappointment" to all those who had been looking forward to the assumption of office of a democratically elected government in Nigeria.
462:, Chairman of the Commonwealth Development Corporation, to a meeting with the Prime Minister on the activities of the corporation in Nigeria and the West African region. The Prime Minister, impressed by Anyaoku's answers to some of his questions on the projects supported by the CDC in West Africa, took an interest in Anyaoku's future and persuaded him to consider joining the Nigerian Foreign Service. After a grueling interview by the
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ordained as an
Anglican Priest. He was regarded as one of the most enlightened and educated in the community then. Cecilia stayed with the Ekpunobi family as a ward. Rev. Ekpunobi, on learning of the death of Emmanuel's wife, invited him to his home and subsequently convinced Emmanuel and Adiba to marry each other. Their first child, a girl, did not survive. Thereafter, Emeka was born and he has five siblings.
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statements, to no avail. The matter came to a boiling point when Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight of his fellow accused were also sentenced to death. Anyaoku made a passionate appeal to Abacha soliciting for clemency for the condemned activists. This appeal fell on Abacha's deaf ears and he eventually had Ken Saro-Wiwa and his colleagues executed on the eve of a meeting of the
Commonwealth Heads of Government in
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Chairman, United
Nations Secretary-General's Panel on International support to African Development (NEPAD) 11. 2002-10 Member of the Governing Board of the South Centre in Geneva 12. 2005-13 Trustee of the British Museum 13. 2000-15 Chairman, Presidential Advisory Council on International Relations in Nigeria. 14. 2013- date President, Metropolitan Club, Lagos.
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political structure it should seek independence whether as a unitary or federal state. The city of Ibadan was one of the main epicenters of these debates. And the
University College, which had brought together brilliant students, lecturers and politicians from diverse parts of the country, became a centre of what was then described as national radicalism.
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was very ill in the hospital. The doctors were worried that he might not survive the ailment. When he told his wife, Bunmi, that he had to travel, she was shocked by his seeming insensitivity to their son's condition. Anyaoku told her, "there are many more in worse state, dying every day, in Biafra." She was speechless.
659:, Anyaoku hosted Madiba to his first official dinner as Commonwealth Secretary-General in London. Between 1 November 1991 and 17 November 1993, he visited South Africa 11 times, using his diplomatic skills to help in breaking deadlocks in the negotiation process that brought the end of apartheid in South Africa.
879:–and three sons; Oluyemisi, Obiechina, and Emenike. Emeka has two grandchildren, born to Adiba and her husband; Irenne Ighodaro and Osita Ighodaro. In 1990, the heads of all the 19 communities of the Idemili Clan in his home State of Anambra accorded Anyaoku a unique honour by investing him with the title of
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In pursuance of his declared priority from the beginning of his tenure to make the
Commonwealth a potent force for the promotion of democracy and good governance, Anyaoku in early 1997, organized the first African Commonwealth Heads of Government Roundtable to discuss democracy and good governance on
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about the
Secretary-General's peace proposals to the two warring parties. He and Ojukwu had been friends since their boyhood. Smith considered it a very risky venture but however, allowed Anyaoku to go. When he was embarking on the journey, his third child, Obi, who was just about three months old,
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Another of his contemporaries, S.I. Metu, a classmate who later became a top banker and civil servant, extolled his interpersonal skills. He said of
Anyaoku, "one of his popularities was that he was a very good mixer, he virtually had no enemies because of his general friendliness….. from all we now
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During this period of his formative years, Anyaoku had begun to stand out as a smart, brilliant young man. At Obosi village during holidays, especially Easter and Christmas times, when the students came home, one of his contemporaries, Chief Godfrey Eneli, recalled that they used to have debates and
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under the guardianship of Reverend William Blackett a Christian Missionary. After his education he worked first with the railways and later in the hospital in Kaduna in the Northern part of Nigeria before becoming a catechist. After serving for a number of years, he went back to his village to farm.
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after a few months of the contraption called Interim Government took over the administration of the country in a military coup d'état on 17 November 1993. Abacha instituted much more draconian measures. He arrested and jailed the presumed winner of the 12 June 1993 election, Abiola. And the country
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to assist elections in various countries. Apart from exerting beneficial influence on the electoral process, the presence of Commonwealth observers made it easier for the parties who had lost to accept the result, if the election was judged by Commonwealth observers to be free and fair. In his ten
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During the mid-1950s when Anyaoku was an undergraduate at the University College, Ibadan, the Nigerian nation was embroiled in debates, discussions and demonstrations on the political future of the country. There were controversies on when Nigeria should gain independence from Britain and with what
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in the then Eastern Region, he was there until mid-1954 lecturing in mathematics, Latin and English. He was reputedly an assiduous young teacher, meticulous in preparing his lesson notes. He gave back to his students the best of what he had learned at MOLS while injecting humor into his teachings.
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As part of his 91st birthday celebration on January 18, 2024, Anyaoku unveiled the Emeka and Bunmi Anyaoku Centre in Obosi, his home town. The center houses a library and museum he had built in the town as his contribution to education, practice of democracy and human rights. The collections in the
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In 1998, in recognition of Chief Emeka Anyaoku's contribution to the transition in South Africa, and the manner in which he had championed the cause of the progressive movements in Southern Africa, the President of South Africa accorded him the rare honour of addressing a joint sitting of the South
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Apart from striving to strengthen intra-Commonwealth relations and promoting democracy and good governance, one of the major projects he tackled during his tenure was the establishment of democracy in South Africa. He tirelessly championed and spoke in favour of the struggle to rid South Africa of
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On his visit to Nigeria in November 1965, Smith had met and told the Prime Minister, Sir Tafawa Balewa in the presence of the then Nigerian's Foreign Minister and the Permanent Secretary, that he was looking for a young Nigerian foreign service officer who would "help him to make nonsense of racist
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of 15 January 1966 reached him. The Prime Minister, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, the powerful Premier of the Northern Region, Sir Ahmadu Bello, and a number of other leaders of the post-independence state were assassinated during the coup d'état. The coup d'état had taken place just one day after
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In the meantime, Anyaoku had sought to engage Abacha in discussions aimed at resolving the political crisis in Nigeria. Anyaoku had with Abacha's agreement met in July 1995 with Abiola in detention to discuss his proposal for a dialogue between the two parties with the aim of agreeing arrangements
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6. 2000-06 President, Royal Commonwealth Society 7. 2000- date President, Royal African Society 8. 2001- date Member, United Nations Eminent Persons Group to help advance the aims of the World Conference Against Racism 9. 2002-09 President, World Wide Fund for Nature, WWF 10. 2004-05
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activists on a charge of complicity in the murder of four Ogoni Chiefs who had opposed their campaign methodology. Later in March 1995, the Abacha regime alleged that a coup attempt had been hatched against it. Many observers dismissed this as a phantom coup. The regime, however, embarked on the
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of Kenya to have a constitutional expert come and help the country revise its constitution to adapt it to the requirements of a multi-party democracy and thereafter in early 1992, persuaded the three opposition parties leaders who had rejected the result of the presidential elections to accept it
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as Assistant Director of International Affairs. In 1968-69 there was a campaign by the Nigerian military government for the recall of Anyaoku; which said he was not a suitable Nigerian nominee, and they were anxious about his loyalty "to the country of his birth". But "Emeka had resigned from the
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One of his teachers at MOLS had kindled in him an interest in the Classics. His Latin teacher had inspired in him a love for the languages, laws and culture of the ancient Greeks and Romans, and the classical roots of the English language. Anyaoku then decided to go and study Classics at the new
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For his secondary education, the young Anyaoku attended Merchants of Light School (MOLS) at Oba. It was a boarding school founded by a friend of his father's, Dr. Enoch Oli, a Nigerian educationist trained in London and Oxford. Mr. Oli taught Emeka and the other students the importance of hard
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to start schooling in a very rural school. The highest class then at the school was standard four. The colonial dispensation then generally did not encourage pupils to go beyond standard four or standard six. At the age of 10, in 1943, Emeka was sent to stay with his father's cousin, Nathaniel
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On his retirement, the University of London established a professional chair at its Institute of Commonwealth studies named after him, the Emeka Anyaoku Professor of Commonwealth Studies. He was also invited to be a Distinguished Visiting Fellow at the Centre for the Study of Global Governance,
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played a seminal role in getting all the presidential candidates and their political parties to commit themselves to a violence-free electoral process by signing in January the Abuja Accord that ensured a relatively peaceful election and transition to a new democratic dispensation in Nigeria of
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He also moved up the ladder within the Commonwealth Secretariat. He became the Director of the International Affairs Division in 1971 and in 1975 rose to the position of Assistant Secretary-General. In 1977, Commonwealth Governments elected him deputy secretary-general with responsibility for
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In July 1965 the decision by Commonwealth Heads of Government to set up a Commonwealth Secretariat was implemented with the appointment of a very distinguished Canadian diplomat, Arnold Smith as the first Commonwealth Secretary-General. The Secretary-General was in the process of assembling a
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Cecilia, née Adiba Ogbogu, was married as second wife by Emmanuel when he returned from Kaduna after following the death of his first wife. Cecilia hailed from a family in Ugamuma quarter of Obosi. She grew up at the home of Rev. Ekpunobi, her guardian, who was the first Obosi citizen to be
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The alleged coup plotters were tried by a military tribunal and were sentenced variously, with Obasanjo being given life imprisonment, while Yar’Adua was sentenced to death. Anyaoku continued to campaign for a peaceful resolution of the crisis by sending messages to Abacha and making public
466:, he was offered an appointment in the Foreign Service in April 1962. Within a month of his entry, he was appointed Personal Assistant to the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry for External Affairs. There he was closely involved in the process that led to the establishment of the
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for the acceptance of the outcome of the annulled presidential elections. While Abiola on his part accepted the proposal, Abacha turned it down telling Anyaoku that he would prefer to seek a resolution of the crisis through a constitutional conference to be convened by him.
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Eleazar Chukwuemeka "Emeka" Anyaoku was born on 18 January 1933 to Emmanuel and Cecilia Anyaoku in Obosi, then a very large village in the eastern part of Nigeria. Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Anyaoku had been educated to the middle school level after his primary education at the
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of the United States was assassinated. A few weeks previously, Nigeria had become a Republic, with Nnamdi Azikiwe as the first President. At his duty post at the United Nations, Anyaoku as Nigeria's alternative representative in the United Nations special committee on
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to serve as the country's foreign minister. On the overthrow of the government by the military on 31 December 1983, he went back with the unanimous support of the Commonwealth Governments to his previous position as Deputy Secretary-General. In 1989 at their meeting in
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came in to facilitate a quick return of the country to democratic dispensation. Anyaoku with his Commonwealth team gave full support to this process, including especially the national elections that produced the civilian administration of President Olusegun Obasanjo.
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Anyaoku was in the thick of this as a student union leader. He along with like-minds in the union leadership campaigned in favour of unitary state, against federalism. They sent petitions and delegations to the three foremost political leaders in the country then,
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museum include cultural artifacts from all over Nigeria, other Commonwealth countries and Africa while the library also has his personal papers from his days as Secretary General of the Commonwealth of Nations as well as books and other knowledge resources.
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lady, Princess Ebunola Olubunmi Solanke, at a bachelor's eve party which he and his flatmate hosted for a friend of theirs in Lagos. The princess, familiarly known by the diminutive "Bunmi", was educated in England at a Christian girls boarding school,
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in Southern Africa, who announced Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) from Britain. Anyaoku spoke at various forums to condemn this development. It was during one of these occasions that the news of Nigeria's first
505:. After the overthrow of the government by the military later that year, he returned to his position as Deputy Secretary-General with the support of the new government in Nigeria and the endorsement of all Commonwealth governments.
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In July 1963, at age 30, he was posted to Nigeria's Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York. His first child, Adiba, was born in the New York Lying-In Hospital on 20 November 1963, two days before President
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representatives at the peace talks sponsored by the Secretary-General, Arnold Smith. In the middle of the talks, he told the Secretary-General that he was willing to travel home to speak with the Biafran leader,
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in 1991, he intervened to help Zambia and several other Commonwealth nations to transit from one-party state or military regime to multi-party democracies. For example, he in the same year, persuaded President
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drafted the resolution – presented to the General Assembly by Nigeria in 1965 – that established a trust fund to enable governments to contribute to the defense of political detainees in South Africa.
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Emeka Anyaoku is a published author and now holds 33 honorary Doctorate degrees from top universities in Britain, Canada, Ghana, Republic of Ireland, Nigeria, South Africa, Switzerland and Zimbabwe.
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of 1967, the St Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla constitutional crisis of 1969 to 1970, the problems following Commonwealth Games’ boycotts during the 1980s and the process leading to peace and democracy in
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Chief Emeka Anyaoku served under three democratically elected Presidents in Nigeria as Chairman of the Presidential Advisory Council on International Relations from 2000 to 2015. He along with
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in London. On 1 October 1960, Nigeria was granted independence by Britain. And Anyaoku was posted back to the CDC West Africa regional office in Lagos at the end of December 1960.
320:, from which he obtained an honours degree in Classics as a College Scholar. Aside from his international career, Chief Anyaoku continues to fulfill the duties of his office as
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University College of Ibadan, the premier higher institution of its kind in the country, which had been instituted in 1948 as an overseas college of the University of London.
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Anyaoku was involved in numerous interventions to broker peace between several Commonwealth leaders and opposition parties in their countries. He also initiated the use of
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In July 1967 the Nigerian Civil War broke out. During that period, he and his wife hosted many separate luncheons and dinners in their London home for the Nigerian and
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883:. His wife, Bunmi, is also a chieftain – Ugoma Obosi and Idemili – in her own right, with a long involvement in welfare work in Nigeria and in the Commonwealth.
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it was a wedding of one of Nigeria's most eligible bachelors and a beautiful young Princess educated in an English boarding school and Pitman College, London.
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at Hastings. She thereafter attended Pitman College, London. Emeka and Bunmi were married at the Anglican Cathedral Church in Lagos on 10 November 1962.
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470:(OAU) in May 1963. Following Nigeria's independence, he joined Nigeria's diplomatic service, and in 1963 was posted to its Permanent Mission to the
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421:(CDC) in Lagos. The corporation sent him as an Executive Trainee to the CDC headquarters in London from where he went on a course at the
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707:, a former Australian Governor-General, who spent weeks in Dhaka brokering peace between the government and the opposition parties.
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2547:"LEADING INTERNATIONAL FIGURES MEET IN GENEVA IN SUPPORT OF WORLD CONFERENCE ON RACISM | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases"
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he was elected by Commonwealth Heads of Government the third Commonwealth Secretary-General. He was re-elected at the 1993
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in November 1995.. In reaction, Commonwealth leaders decided to suspend Nigeria from its membership of the association.
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1769:"Commonwealth Deputy Secretaries-General: Buy Commonwealth Deputy Secretaries-General by unknown at Low Price in India"
847:, Chief Anyaoku has continued to fulfill the duties of the office of a traditional Ndichie chieftainship in Obosi. The
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authored by Phyllis Johnson as well as to Chief Emeka Anyaoku's memoirs, The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth.
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The most challenging of his interventions was the crisis in his country Nigeria that followed the annulment of the
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In October, 1983, he resigned from his post and returned to Nigeria at the invitation of the Civilian President
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He also intervened in Pakistan during a potentially destabilizing disagreement between the then President, Mr.
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2252:"Aso Rock Declaration on Development and Democracy: Partnership for Peace and Prosperity | The Commonwealth"
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Anyaoku in 1959 obtained a London University Honours Degree in classics as a college scholar and joined the
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was another example that demanded a lot of time and patience. The country's two political leaders were
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Emeka Anyaoku at the age of seven was sent to live with his father's only brother, Egwuenu Anyaoku, at
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arrest and detention of many serving and former officers, including erstwhile military Head of State,
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African Parliament. President Nelson Mandela wrote the foreword of Chief Emeka Anyaoku's biography,
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years as Secretary-General, he sent 51 election observer groups to various Commonwealth countries.
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Anyaoku continued to be involved in various Commonwealth initiatives and negotiations, such as the
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2079:"Nigeria: Shell complicit in the arbitrary executions of Ogoni Nine as writ served in Dutch court"
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the continent. He retired from his position as Commonwealth Secretary-General on 31 March 2000.
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was thrown into a great turmoil with labour strikes and public demonstrations raging all over.
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In December 1961, Anyaoku then a CDC Executive Officer came in contact with a twenty year old
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very comfortable being an Anglican, comfortable with the beliefs that Anglicanism represents.
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The positions in which Chief Emeka Anyaoku served/is still serving include the following:
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the Prime Minister hosted other Commonwealth leaders including the new Secretary-General,
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He became Ononukpo (Head) of Okpuno Ire, a quarter in Ire, the largest village in Obosi.
8:
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2006:"Refworld | Transition or Travesty: Nigeria's Endless Process of Return to Civilian Rule"
1987:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.142 - 143,
1907:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.133 - 134,
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1. 1975 Leader, Commonwealth Mission to Mozambique 2. 1979-90 Member of the Council of
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1735:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.14 - 15,
1668:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.42 - 43,
1652:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.39 - 40,
1467:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.23 - 24,
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After his secondary education, Anyaoku in 1952 proceeded to teach at Emmanuel College,
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Anyaoku has been married to Princess Bunmi Anyaoku since 1962. Princess Anyaoku is an
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2106:"Refworld | Nigeria: A Travesty of Justice: Secret treason trials and other concerns"
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1126:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.2 - 3,
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He got embroiled in the crisis triggered by the Ian Smith administration in the then
2353:"Centenary: FG honours Queen, Lord Lugard, Macaulay, MKO, 95 others - Vanguard News"
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Following Abacha's sudden death on 8 June 1998, a new military regime under General
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2391:"Anyaoku-led Presidential Committee Bids Jonathan Farewell - Premium Times Nigeria"
2280:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.301,
2234:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.179,
2218:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.174,
2202:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.168,
2186:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.161,
2170:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.147,
2129:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.162,
2061:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.298,
1971:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.157,
1955:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.197,
1939:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.194,
1923:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.138,
1891:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.132,
1824:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.126,
1792:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.106,
1636:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.283,
1601:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.282,
1483:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.265,
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Abacha exacerbated the crisis further by arresting, detaining and putting on trial
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2411:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.72,
1751:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.23,
1719:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.13,
1703:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.85,
1684:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.83,
1451:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.14,
1396:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.12,
1034:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.49,
454:. In early 1962, Anyaoku came in contact with the then Prime Minister of Nigeria,
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Enwezor who was Headmaster at CMS Central School at Agbor, 75 km from Obosi.
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1299:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.9,
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501:. In 1983, Nigeria's civilian government appointed Anyaoku to become Nigeria's
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1050:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p.2
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679:
652:
471:
403:
3216:
3131:
3121:
3096:
745:
700:
635:
605:
475:
434:
1859:"The Inside Story Of The Modern Commonwealth" Evans Brothers Limited, 2004,
3176:
3081:
3076:
3071:
2993:
2978:
2865:
823:
749:
736:
Anyaoku had a much tougher case when Babangida ‘stepped aside’ and General
715:
640:
560:
513:
487:
411:
312:, Anyaoku was educated at Merchants of Light School, Oba, and attended the
134:
106:
71:
2816:
3156:
3136:
3101:
3086:
2875:
737:
696:
301:
81:
2654:. The British Museum Board of Trustees. 24 November 2011. Archived from
576:
multi-national, multi-cultural team at the core of the new Secretariat.
2688:
2649:"Minutes of the meeting held on 24 November 2011 at the British Museum"
1240:
800:
692:
2962:
647:
Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting for a second five-year term.
3146:
2331:"Basis of Nigeria's foreign policy, by Emeka Anyaoku - Vanguard News"
827:
601:
543:
278:
1447:
1445:
691:
These interventions were not limited to Africa. His intervention in
3171:
894:
856:
766:
644:
620:
564:
525:
897:, his father having converted to that faith. He writes that he is
3060:
1442:
624:
366:
349:
2623:"Celebrating a Historical Figure, Articles | THISDAY LIVE"
872:
584:
386:
1855:
1853:
863:, then the widest circulating newspaper in the country, that
852:
848:
844:
609:
329:
325:
309:
932:, London: Africa Journal for Africa Books Ltd, 1981, p. 137.
725:
presidential election by the then military junta of General
688:
thereby saving the country from a serious political crisis.
631:
international affairs and the secretariat's administration.
1850:
3278:
Permanent Representatives of Nigeria to the United Nations
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
818:
in London. 3. 1984-90 Member of Governing Council of the
563:, to a meeting in Lagos where they discussed the issue of
3253:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
1357:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.206 - 207,
1315:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.204 - 205,
1075:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.186 - 187,
3283:
Recipients of the Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo
1416:(Auckland University Press, New Zealand, 2006), p. 129.
651:
Apartheid. In 1990, on the release of former President
528:
for a second five-year term, beginning on 1 April 1995.
374:
work, good character and good inter-personal relations.
1517:"Ahmadu Bello: Assassinated leader of Northern Nigeria"
1222:
2754:"Anyaoku marks 91st birthday, launches reading centre"
924:
922:
2504:
http://www.clubofrome.org/Index.php?s=++emeka+anyaoku
859:, Nigeria. Of their marriage, it was written in the
2735:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.252,
2373:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.302,
2045:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.255,
2029:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.253,
1875:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.127,
1808:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.117,
1620:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.240,
1582:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.214,
1540:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.212,
1499:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.208,
1432:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.220,
1373:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.205,
1264:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.203,
1212:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.202,
1193:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.201,
1177:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.197,
1158:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.191,
1110:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.190,
1059:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.186,
1018:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000, p.183,
919:
871:They have four children, Adiba; their daughter– an
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2302:The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News
1597:
1595:
516:on 24 October 1989, Anyaoku was elected the third
1699:
1697:
1559:"Session 1 – The Office of the Secretary General"
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
994:"Anyaoku at 89: A global citizen who thinks home"
300:(born 18 January 1933) is a Nigerian diplomat of
3214:
3055:
2104:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
2004:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
1279:
1277:
729:. The election had apparently been won by Chief
490:had no difficulty in turning aside the demand".
51:Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations
2367:
2316:
1592:
2780:"Anyaoku unveils museum to mark 91st birthday"
1694:
1616:
1614:
1383:
1208:
1206:
1173:
1171:
1106:
1104:
114:Deputy Secretary-General for Political Affairs
3041:
2948:
1274:
410:in the Western, and Sardauna of Sokoto, Sir
16:Nigerian diplomat of Igbo descent (born 1933)
1840:"Eye Of Fire" Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2000,
1044:
406:in the Eastern region of the country, Chief
2915:President of the World Wide Fund for Nature
1611:
1203:
1168:
1101:
3048:
3034:
2955:
2941:
2751:
2298:"Anyaoku...A Toast To Diplomat's Diplomat"
2817:"Governance | Royal Commonwealth Society"
423:Royal Institute for Public Administration
3298:Alumni of University of London Worldwide
2777:
2516:"Anyaoku…A Toast To Diplomat's Diplomat"
510:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
458:. He had accompanied his visiting boss,
3238:Commonwealth Deputy Secretaries-General
2709:
1556:
1331:
3215:
2856:Secretary-General for the Commonwealth
2459:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3029:
2936:
570:
2778:Obianeri, Ikenna (18 January 2024).
2752:Akinselure, Wale (18 January 2024).
2712:"Interview with Chief Emeka Anyaoku"
2103:
2003:
1334:"Interview with Chief Emeka Anyaoku"
757:, and his previous deputy, General
452:Commonwealth Development Corporation
419:Commonwealth Development Corporation
338:
63:1 July 1990 – 31 March 2000
928:"Anyaoku, Eleazar Chukwuemeka", in
905:He is also a vice-president of the
13:
3233:Alumni of the University of London
2900:Non-profit organization positions
943:"Anyaoku: The Diplomats' Diplomat"
450:In 1959, Emeka Anyaoku joined the
14:
3314:
2716:Commonwealth Oral History Project
1563:Commonwealth Oral History Project
1338:Commonwealth Oral History Project
627:and in particular, South Africa.
531:
3243:Commonwealth secretaries-general
834:
495:Commonwealth Heads of Government
464:Federal Civil Service Commission
3223:Emmanuel College, Owerri alumni
2809:
2797:
2771:
2745:
2729:
2703:
2673:
2641:
2615:
2597:"Presidents - past and present"
2589:
2564:
2539:
2529:
2508:
2497:
2467:
2421:
2405:
2383:
2345:
2290:
2274:
2244:
2228:
2212:
2196:
2180:
2164:
2139:
2123:
2097:
2071:
2055:
2039:
2023:
1997:
1981:
1965:
1949:
1933:
1917:
1901:
1885:
1869:
1834:
1818:
1802:
1786:
1761:
1745:
1729:
1713:
1678:
1662:
1646:
1630:
1576:
1550:
1534:
1509:
1493:
1477:
1461:
1426:
1406:
1367:
1351:
1325:
1309:
1293:
1258:
1187:
1152:
1136:
1120:
1085:
822:4. 1992- Hon. Member of the
254:
3288:Trustees of the British Museum
2687:. 7 March 2015. Archived from
1069:
1053:
1028:
1012:
986:
961:
935:
816:Overseas Development Institute
518:Commonwealth Secretary-General
468:Organisation for African Unity
306:Commonwealth Secretary-General
1:
2710:rcraggs (27 September 2013).
1332:rcraggs (27 September 2013).
912:
486:Nigerian Foreign Service and
3248:Foreign ministers of Nigeria
2475:"The Source Magazine Online"
672:Commonwealth observer groups
520:. He was re-elected at the
360:
314:University College of Ibadan
7:
3293:University of Ibadan alumni
2883:Foreign Minister of Nigeria
875:who serves on the board of
828:World Commission on Forests
428:
126:1983 – 1 July 1990
10:
3319:
2804:Why I am Still an Anglican
1414:Final Approaches: A Memoir
907:Royal Commonwealth Society
791:London School of Economics
456:Sir Abubakar Tafawa Belewa
304:descent. He was the third
3067:
3012:
2974:
2921:
2912:
2904:
2899:
2889:
2880:
2872:
2862:
2853:
2845:
2840:
2806:, Continuum, 2006, p. 46.
2685:Metropolitan Club - Lagos
2572:"A new president for WWF"
1241:"Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub"
839:Installed in 1980 as the
755:General Olusegun Obasanjo
678:Beginning with President
445:
272:
264:
238:
218:
213:
209:
197:
185:
174:
162:
152:
140:
130:
119:
112:
100:
88:
77:
67:
56:
48:
44:
23:
3016:Deputy Secretary-General
714:and the Prime Minister,
499:Deputy Secretary-General
483:Commonwealth Secretariat
414:in the Northern region.
316:, then a college of the
2968:Commonwealth of Nations
1557:rcraggs (10 May 2014).
481:In 1966, he joined the
3182:Henry Odein Ajumogobia
903:
869:
820:Save the Children Fund
600:flight to Nigeria via
244:Princess Bunmi Anyaoku
3014:Previously served as
899:
865:
861:Nigerian Sunday Times
767:Auckland, New Zealand
2681:"From the President"
973:the presidency.co.za
893:Emeka Anyaoku is an
826:5. 1994-96 Member,
778:Abdulsalami Abubakar
617:Gibraltar referendum
556:military coup d'état
318:University of London
147:Sir Shridath Ramphal
95:Sir Shridath Ramphal
26:The Right Honourable
3167:Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
3092:Joseph Nanven Garba
2964:Secretaries-General
2479:www.thesourceng.com
2256:thecommonwealth.org
759:Shehu Musa Yar’Adua
3273:Nigerian diplomats
3268:Nigerian Anglicans
3152:Ignatius Olisemeka
2887:1983 – 1983
2841:Political offices
2629:on 29 January 2013
2603:on 3 December 2012
2355:. 24 February 2014
2262:on 26 January 2022
596:Anyaoku left on a
571:Commonwealth years
404:Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe
3210:
3209:
3197:Aminu Bashir Wali
3142:Baba Gana Kingibe
3057:Foreign Ministers
3023:
3022:
2931:
2930:
2925:Yolanda Kakabadse
2922:Succeeded by
2890:Succeeded by
2863:Succeeded by
2741:978-978-029-228-7
2379:978-978-029-228-7
2304:. 17 January 2015
2051:978-978-029-228-7
2035:978-978-029-228-7
1881:978-978-029-228-7
1846:978-978-029-228-7
1814:978-978-029-228-7
1626:978-978-029-228-7
1588:978-978-029-228-7
1546:978-978-029-228-7
1505:978-978-029-228-7
1438:978-978-029-228-7
1379:978-978-029-228-7
1363:978-978-029-228-7
1321:978-978-029-228-7
1270:978-978-029-228-7
1218:978-978-029-228-7
1199:978-978-029-228-7
1183:978-978-029-228-7
1164:978-978-029-228-7
1116:978-978-029-228-7
1081:978-978-029-228-7
1065:978-978-029-228-7
1024:978-978-029-228-7
1000:. 18 January 2022
727:Ibrahim Babangida
705:Sir Ninian Steven
551:Southern Rhodesia
440:St. Mary's School
339:Family background
276:
275:
142:Secretary-General
3310:
3258:Igbo politicians
3202:Geoffrey Onyeama
3187:Olugbenga Ashiru
3050:
3043:
3036:
3027:
3026:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2905:Preceded by
2873:Preceded by
2860:1990–1999
2849:Shridath Ramphal
2846:Preceded by
2838:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2784:Punch Newspapers
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2749:
2743:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2661:on 3 August 2012
2660:
2653:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2625:. Archived from
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2599:. Archived from
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2543:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2512:
2506:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2481:. Archived from
2471:
2465:
2464:
2458:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2440:
2434:. Archived from
2433:
2425:
2419:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2387:
2381:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2327:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2294:
2288:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2258:. Archived from
2248:
2242:
2232:
2226:
2216:
2210:
2200:
2194:
2184:
2178:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2151:www.shell.com.ng
2143:
2137:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2075:
2069:
2059:
2053:
2043:
2037:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2001:
1995:
1985:
1979:
1969:
1963:
1953:
1947:
1937:
1931:
1921:
1915:
1905:
1899:
1889:
1883:
1873:
1867:
1857:
1848:
1838:
1832:
1822:
1816:
1806:
1800:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1765:
1759:
1749:
1743:
1733:
1727:
1717:
1711:
1701:
1692:
1682:
1676:
1666:
1660:
1650:
1644:
1634:
1628:
1618:
1609:
1599:
1590:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1554:
1548:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1513:
1507:
1497:
1491:
1481:
1475:
1465:
1459:
1449:
1440:
1430:
1424:
1412:Gerald Hensley,
1410:
1404:
1394:
1381:
1371:
1365:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1329:
1323:
1313:
1307:
1297:
1291:
1281:
1272:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1237:
1220:
1210:
1201:
1191:
1185:
1175:
1166:
1156:
1150:
1140:
1134:
1124:
1118:
1108:
1099:
1089:
1083:
1073:
1067:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1032:
1026:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
998:Punch Newspapers
990:
984:
983:
981:
979:
965:
959:
958:
956:
954:
939:
933:
930:Africa Who's Who
926:
806:Muhammadu Buhari
657:Pollsmoor Prison
503:Foreign Minister
328:, a traditional
258:
256:
232:
228:
226:
214:Personal details
200:
188:
179:
165:
155:
124:
103:
91:
61:
21:
20:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3162:Oluyemi Adeniji
3117:Bolaji Akinyemi
3112:Ibrahim Gambari
3063:
3054:
3024:
3019:
3008:
2970:
2961:
2927:
2918:
2910:
2895:
2893:Ibrahim Gambari
2886:
2878:
2868:
2859:
2851:
2836:
2835:
2825:
2823:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2802:
2798:
2788:
2786:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2750:
2746:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2692:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2485:on 4 March 2016
2473:
2472:
2468:
2452:
2451:
2444:
2442:
2441:on 4 March 2016
2438:
2431:
2429:"Archived copy"
2427:
2426:
2422:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2233:
2229:
2217:
2213:
2201:
2197:
2185:
2181:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2147:"Ken Saro-Wiwa"
2145:
2144:
2140:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2083:www.amnesty.org
2077:
2076:
2072:
2060:
2056:
2044:
2040:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2002:
1998:
1986:
1982:
1970:
1966:
1954:
1950:
1938:
1934:
1922:
1918:
1906:
1902:
1890:
1886:
1874:
1870:
1858:
1851:
1839:
1835:
1823:
1819:
1807:
1803:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1750:
1746:
1734:
1730:
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1714:
1702:
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1667:
1663:
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1600:
1593:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1555:
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1539:
1535:
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1510:
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1427:
1411:
1407:
1395:
1384:
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1342:
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1314:
1310:
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1238:
1223:
1211:
1204:
1192:
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1157:
1153:
1141:
1137:
1125:
1121:
1109:
1102:
1090:
1086:
1074:
1070:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1033:
1029:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
992:
991:
987:
977:
975:
967:
966:
962:
952:
950:
949:. 11 March 2017
941:
940:
936:
927:
920:
915:
890:
881:Ugwumba Idemili
837:
573:
539:John F. Kennedy
534:
497:elected him as
448:
431:
408:Obafemi Awolowo
363:
341:
260:
257: 1962)
252:
248:
245:
233:
230:
229:18 January 1933
224:
222:
204:Anthony Siaguru
198:
186:
180:
175:
163:
153:
125:
120:
101:
89:
62:
57:
40:
32:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3316:
3306:
3305:
3303:Igbo diplomats
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3192:Viola Onwuliri
3189:
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3179:
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723:June 12, 1993
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3106:
3082:Yakubu Gowon
3077:Nuhu Bamalli
3072:Jaja Wachuku
2988:
2913:
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2866:Don McKinnon
2854:
2824:. Retrieved
2820:
2811:
2803:
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2787:. Retrieved
2783:
2773:
2761:. Retrieved
2757:
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2715:
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2693:. Retrieved
2689:the original
2684:
2675:
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2656:the original
2643:
2633:21 September
2631:. Retrieved
2627:the original
2617:
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2601:the original
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2550:
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2483:the original
2478:
2469:
2445:21 September
2443:. Retrieved
2436:the original
2423:
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2393:. 5 May 2015
2385:
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2306:. Retrieved
2301:
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2260:the original
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2082:
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2013:. Retrieved
2009:
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1967:
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1773:Flipkart.com
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1566:. Retrieved
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561:Arnold Smith
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199:Succeeded by
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164:Succeeded by
135:Elizabeth II
121:
107:Don McKinnon
102:Succeeded by
72:Elizabeth II
58:
18:
3228:1933 births
3157:Sule Lamido
3137:Matthew Mbu
3102:Ishaya Audu
3087:Okoi Arikpo
2876:Ishaya Audu
738:Sani Abacha
665:Eye of Fire
460:Lord Howick
187:Preceded by
158:M.A. Husain
154:Preceded by
90:Preceded by
82:Thabo Mbeki
78:Chairperson
3217:Categories
2919:2001–2010
2826:19 October
2821:thercs.org
2789:26 January
2763:26 January
2695:19 October
2607:19 October
2581:19 October
2556:19 October
2551:www.un.org
2521:19 October
2489:19 October
2397:9 December
2359:9 December
2337:9 December
913:References
804:President
801:Kofi Annan
748:and other
693:Bangladesh
522:1993 CHOGM
346:CMS school
308:. Born in
225:1933-01-18
3147:Tom Ikimi
697:Begum Zia
602:Amsterdam
598:Red Cross
544:Apartheid
361:Education
181:1977–1983
177:In office
122:In office
59:In office
3172:Joy Ogwu
3004:Scotland
2994:McKinnon
2455:cite web
2110:Refworld
2010:Refworld
895:Anglican
873:attorney
857:Abeokuta
685:Arap Moi
645:Limassol
621:Zimbabwe
606:Sao Tome
565:Rhodesia
526:Limassol
476:New York
429:Marriage
265:Children
3061:Nigeria
2989:Anyaoku
2984:Ramphal
2966:of the
1004:5 March
625:Namibia
585:Biafran
508:At the
367:Umuahia
350:Onitsha
330:Ndichie
259:
251:
247:
192:Vacancy
169:Vacancy
38:CFR CON
2999:Sharma
2739:
2721:4 June
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2308:29 May
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2266:29 May
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2015:29 May
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978:28 May
953:4 June
680:Kaunda
488:Arnold
446:Career
435:Yoruba
387:Owerri
239:Spouse
2979:Smith
2665:7 May
2659:(PDF)
2652:(PDF)
2439:(PDF)
2432:(PDF)
853:Omoba
849:Ichie
845:Obosi
750:Ogoni
655:from
610:Gabon
326:Obosi
310:Obosi
279:Chief
253:(
249:
28:Chief
2828:2016
2791:2024
2765:2024
2737:ISBN
2723:2021
2697:2016
2667:2024
2635:2015
2609:2016
2583:2016
2558:2016
2523:2016
2491:2016
2461:link
2447:2015
2413:ISBN
2399:2016
2375:ISBN
2361:2016
2339:2016
2310:2020
2282:ISBN
2268:2020
2236:ISBN
2220:ISBN
2204:ISBN
2188:ISBN
2172:ISBN
2158:2020
2131:ISBN
2117:2020
2091:2020
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2031:ISBN
2017:2020
1989:ISBN
1973:ISBN
1957:ISBN
1941:ISBN
1925:ISBN
1909:ISBN
1893:ISBN
1877:ISBN
1861:ISBN
1842:ISBN
1826:ISBN
1810:ISBN
1794:ISBN
1780:2020
1753:ISBN
1737:ISBN
1721:ISBN
1705:ISBN
1686:ISBN
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1638:ISBN
1622:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1584:ISBN
1570:2020
1542:ISBN
1528:2020
1501:ISBN
1485:ISBN
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1434:ISBN
1418:ISBN
1398:ISBN
1375:ISBN
1359:ISBN
1345:2020
1317:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1285:ISBN
1266:ISBN
1252:2020
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1195:ISBN
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1128:ISBN
1112:ISBN
1093:ISBN
1077:ISBN
1061:ISBN
1036:ISBN
1020:ISBN
1006:2022
980:2023
955:2021
699:and
604:and
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