Elizabethan Religious Settlement

1801: 1620: 1353: 1408: 63: 895: 1034: 2407: 2549: 8707: 2866: 35: 1678:"—Catholics who outwardly conformed to the established church while maintaining their Catholic faith in secret. Wealthy church papists attended their parish church but had Mass at home or hired two chaplains, one to perform the prayer book service and the other to perform the Mass. Initially, recusant priests advised the laity to simply abstain from Protestant communion. However, this stance hardened over time. In 1562, the 1603:

while, it was possible to sustain an attenuated Catholicism within the parish framework, by counterfeiting the mass, teaching the seven sacraments, preserving images of saints, reciting the rosary, observing feasts, fasts, and customs". Over time, however, this "survivalist Catholicism" was undermined by pressures to conform, giving way to an underground Catholicism completely separate from the Church of England.

1195:. In 1559, Elizabeth was still unsure of the theological orientation of her Protestant subjects, and she did not want to offend the Lutheran rulers of northern Europe by veering too far into the Reformed camp. "It was worthwhile for Elizabeth's government to throw the Lutherans a few theological scraps, and the change also chimed with the Queen's personal inclination to Lutheran views on eucharistic presence." 2650: 2781: 1422:(rather than cope or chasuble) for services. In 1560, the bishops specified that the cope should be worn when administering the Lord's Supper and the surplice at all other times. Other provisions of the Royal Injunctions were out of step with the Edwardian Reformation and displayed the Queen's conservative preferences. These included injunctions allowing processions to take place at 1179:

House of Lords. Haigh argues that the Act of Uniformity "produced an ambiguous Book of Common Prayer: a liturgical compromise which allowed priests to perform the Church of England communion with Catholic regalia, standing in the Catholic position, and using words capable of Catholic interpretation". This made it easier for priests to "counterfeit" the Mass without risking arrest.

640: 1611:) were becoming a majority. Efforts to introduce further religious reforms through Parliament or by means of Convocation were consistently blocked by the Queen. The Church of England's refusal to adopt the patterns of the Continental Reformed churches deepened conflict between Protestants who desired greater reforms and church authorities who prioritised conformity. 1450:. The injunctions ordered the "holy table" to be carried into the chancel during communion services but at all other times to be placed where the altar would have stood. When not in use, it was to be oriented north to south, the same as an altar. These provisions offended many Protestants, and in practice, the Injunctions were often ignored by church leaders. 952:. The pope's authority was removed, but rather than granting the Queen the title of supreme head of the church, it merely said she could adopt it herself. This bill would have returned the Church to its position at the death of Henry VIII rather than to that when Edward VI died. It was a defeat for the Queen's legislative programme, so she withheld 2403:. In addition, the liturgy remained "more elaborate and more reminiscent of older liturgical forms" and "took no account of developments in Protestant thinking after the early 1550s". According to historian Diarmaid MacCulloch, the conflicts over the Elizabethan Settlement stem from the "tension between Catholic structure and Protestant theology". 2566:

second of which stated that the Prayer Book and Ordinal contained "nothing ... contrary to the word of God". Whitgift's demands produced widespread turmoil, and around 400 ministers were suspended for refusal to subscribe. Under pressure from the Privy Council, Whitgift was forced to accept conditional subscriptions from defiant ministers.

804:, Elizabeth's half-sister, became queen in 1553. She reversed the religious innovations introduced by her father and brother. Under Mary's rule, England returned to the Catholic Church and recognised the pope's authority. Mary died in November 1558 without a Catholic heir, leaving the throne to the Protestant Elizabeth. 1482:

deprived for refusal to conform. Most parish clergy kept their posts, but it is not clear to what degree they conformed. The bishops thought that Catholicism was widespread among the old clergy, but priests were rarely removed because of a clergy shortage that began with an influenza epidemic in 1558.

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Diarmaid MacCulloch states that Hooker's writings helped to create an "Anglican synthesis". From Hooker, Anglicanism "inherited its belief in the place of reason as an authority for action, its esteem for continuity over the Reformation divide, and a hospitality towards sacramental modes of thought".

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led to the discovery of the presbyterian organisation that had been built up over the years. Its leaders were arrested and the Classical Movement disintegrated. This debacle occurred at the same time that Puritanism's most powerful defenders at Court were dying off. In the aftermath of the conformist

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carries connotations of Catholicism. The majority of conformists were part of the Reformed consensus that included the Puritans; what divided the parties were disputes over church government. Whitgift's first move against the Puritans was a requirement that all clergy subscribe to three articles, the

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By 1574, Catholic recusants had organised an underground Catholic Church, distinct from the Church of England. However, it had two major weaknesses: membership loss as church papists conformed fully to the Church of England, and a shortage of priests. The latter problem was addressed by establishing

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The settlement of 1559 had given Protestants control of the Church of England, but matters were different at the parish level, where Catholic priests and traditional laity held large majorities. The bishops struggled for decades to impose the prayer book and Injunctions on reluctant parishes. "For a

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for Catholics: "You may not be present at such prayers of heretics, or at their sermons, without heinous offence and the indignation of God, and it is far better to suffer most bitter cruelties than to give the least sign of consent to such wicked and abominable rites." By the late 1560s, recusancy

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was founded to provide a Catholic education to young Englishmen and, eventually, to train a new leadership for a restored Catholic Church in England. Other leading Marian churchmen remained in England to serve as private chaplains to Catholic nobles and gentry. Many became leaders of an underground

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thinking. The Thirty-nine Articles were not intended as a complete statement of the Christian faith but of the position of the Church of England in relation to the Catholic Church and dissident Protestants. In 1571, Convocation finalised the Thirty-nine Articles. It was given statutory force by the

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argues that Elizabeth wanted to pursue a conservative policy but was pushed in a radical direction by a Protestant faction in the House of Commons. This theory has been challenged by Christopher Haigh, who argues that Elizabeth wanted radical reform but was pushed in a conservative direction by the

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authors believed that presbyterianism was the only biblical form of church government, whereas Whitgift argued that no single form of church government was commanded in the Bible. Under Field's leadership, the Classical Movement was active among Puritans within the Church of England throughout the

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from the 1549 prayer book to the words in the 1552 book. When communicants received the bread, they would hear the words, "The body of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was given for thee, preserve thy body and soul unto everlasting life . Take and eat this in remembrance that Christ died for thee, and

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The alternative title was less offensive to Catholic members of Parliament, but this was unlikely to have been the only reason for the alteration. It was also a concession to the Queen's Protestant supporters who objected to "supreme head" on theological grounds and who had concerns about a female

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consensus" was shattered, and the Church of England began defining itself less broadly. The suppression and marginalisation of Prayer Book Protestants during the 1640s and 1650s had made the prayer book "an undisputed identifier of an emerging Anglican self-consciousness." Historian Judith Maltby

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accounts indicate that half of all parishes kept Catholic vestments and Mass equipment for at least a decade. Gradually, however, parishes complied as bishops exerted pressure. Most of the parish clergy were Catholics. Through the mid-1560s, there were an estimated 800 clergy who resigned or were

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Another bill introduced to the same Parliament with the intent to return Protestant practices to legal dominance was the Uniformity bill, which sought to restore the 1552 prayer book as the official liturgy. It encountered more opposition in the Lords than the Supremacy Act, passing by only three

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over the refusal of some clergy to wear the clerical dress required by the Royal Injunctions. For many Protestants, clerical vestments symbolised a continued belief in a priestly order separate from the congregation, and could be interpreted by Catholics as affirmation of traditional doctrines.

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in marriage. Throughout her reign, the Queen successfully blocked attempts by Parliament and the bishops to introduce further change. The bishops were placed in the difficult position of enforcing conformity while supporting reform. This was particularly evident between 1565 and 1567 during the

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The persecution of 1581–1592 changed the nature of Catholicism in England. The seminary priests were dependent on the gentry families of southern England. As the older generation of recusant priests died out, Catholicism collapsed among the lower classes in the north, west and in Wales. Without

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To avoid alarming foreign Catholic observers, Elizabeth initially maintained that nothing in religion had changed. A proclamation forbade any "breach, alteration, or change of any order or usage presently established within this our realm". Nevertheless, Protestants were emboldened to practice

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In the early years of Elizabeth's reign, most Catholics hoped the Protestant ascendancy would be temporary, as it had been prior to Mary's restoration of papal authority. There were priests who conformed to the prayer book while also providing the Mass to their parishioners. Others refused to

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Following the Queen's failure to grant approval to the previous bill, Parliament reconvened in April 1559. At this point, the Privy Council introduced two new bills, one concerning royal supremacy and the other about a Protestant liturgy. The Council hoped that by separating them at least the

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fine for missing a service was poorly enforced. Afterwards, efforts to identify recusants and force them to conform increased. In 1581, a new law made it treason to be absolved from schism and reconciled with Rome and the fine for recusancy was increased to £20 per month (50 times an

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assault, the 1590s were relatively free of theological controversy. Once Whitgift had destroyed presbyterian activism, he was content to leave the Puritans alone. Likewise, Elizabethan Puritans abandoned the hopeless cause of presbyterianism to focus on less controversial pursuits.

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The clash between Calvinists and Arminians was never resolved, and the "seesaw battle between Catholic and Protestant within a single Anglican ecclesiastical structure has been proceeding ever since". The preface to the 1662 prayer book defined the Church of England as a

2726:, Archbishop of Canterbury (1633–1645). Laud and his followers believed the Reformation had gone too far and launched a "'Beauty of Holiness' counter-revolution, wishing to restore what they saw as lost majesty in worship and lost dignity for the sacerdotal priesthood." 1190:

after the loss of "the Latin mass, monasteries, chantries, shrines, gilds and a compulsory celibate priesthood". He argues the modifications were most likely meant to appease domestic and foreign Lutheran Protestants who opposed the memorialist view originating from

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which approved the first prayer book was passed in January, it is likely that the provisions of the 1549 prayer book were intended, even though Edward's second year ended several months before the book was published. The 1549 prayer book required clergy to wear the

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In some instances, the injunctions contradicted the 1559 prayer book. While the prayer book directed the use of ordinary bread for communion, the Injunctions required traditional wafers to be used. There were also conflicting directions for the placement of the

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view had much in common with John Calvin's Eucharistic theology. "Of Common Prayer and Sacraments" taught that although only baptism and the Eucharist were sacraments instituted by Christ other rites such as ordination had a sacramental character.

1186:, also finds Neale's thesis flawed. At the same time, he calls the idea that the prayer book modifications were concessions to Catholics "absurd", writing that "these little verbal and visual adjustments" would never satisfy Catholic clergy and 1588:

with sermons on 20 topics. One, "Of the Worthy Receiving of the Sacrament", added more detail to the church's doctrine of the Eucharist, which was described as "spiritual food" and "a ghostly substance and not carnal" made real by faith. This

1255:, died in 1558 and needed to be replaced. The remaining bishops were all Catholics appointed during Mary's reign, and Elizabeth's advisers hoped they could be persuaded to continue serving. Ultimately, all but two bishops (the undistinguished 2734:

resulted in the overthrow of Charles I, and a Puritan dominated Parliament began to dismantle the Elizabethan Settlement. Episcopacy was replaced with a semi-presbyterian system. In 1645, the prayer book was made illegal and replaced by the

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was a slightly revised version of the previous book. Many Puritans, however, were unwilling to conform to it. Around 900 ministers refused to subscribe to the new prayer book and were removed from their positions, an event known as the

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and tried to find compromise, but the Queen believed that the church—and herself as supreme governor—had authority to determine rites and ceremonies. In the end, Archbishop Parker issued a code of discipline for the clergy called the

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Gradually, England was transformed into a Protestant country as the prayer book shaped Elizabethan religious life. By the 1580s, conformist Protestants (termed "parish anglicans" by Christopher Haigh and "Prayer Book protestants" by

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and others. In England, however, Protestants were forced to operate within a church structure unchanged since medieval times with the same threefold orders of bishop, priest and deacon along with church courts that continued to use

1372:. These new royal injunctions were meant to fill in the details of the settlement and were to be enforced nationwide by six groups of clerical and lay commissioners. All of the leading clergymen were Protestants and former exiles ( 812:

Elizabeth's religious views were Protestant, though "peculiarly conservative". She also kept many of her religious views private, which can make it difficult to determine what she believed. She disliked married clergy, held

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Many parishes were slow to comply with the injunctions. Many did so out of sympathy with traditional Catholic religion, while others waited to see if this religious settlement was permanent before taking expensive action.

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According to the injunctions, church images that were superstitiously abused were condemned as idolatry, but the commissioners mandated the destruction of all pictures and images. Across the nation, parishes paid to have

2642:. James was himself a moderate Calvinist, and the Puritans hoped the King would move the English Church in the Scottish direction. James, however, did the opposite, forcing the Scottish Church to accept bishops and the 2560:

and six years later Archbishop of Canterbury. His rise to power has been identified with a "conservative reaction" against Puritanism. It is more accurate to call Whitgift and those like him conformists, since the word

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From the Arminians, it gained a theology of episcopacy and an appreciation for liturgy. From the Puritans and Calvinists, it "inherited a contradictory impulse to assert the supremacy of scripture and preaching".

1465:. In the end, the Queen and the bishops reached an unspoken compromise. She kept her crucifix and candles and dropped her plans to restore roods. In 1560, Bishop Grindal was allowed to enforce the demolition of 1158:

feed on him in thy heart by faith with thanksgiving" . This combination could be interpreted as an affirmation of an objective real presence to those who believed in it, while others could interpret it to mean

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priests, these social classes drifted into the Church of England and Catholicism was forgotten. By Elizabeth's death, Catholicism had become "the faith of a small sect", largely confined to gentry households.

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In the Parliaments of 1584 and 1586, the Puritans attempted to push through legislation that would institute a presbyterian form of government for the Church of England and replace the prayer book with the

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attempted to overthrow England's Protestant regime. The rebellion was defeated, but it contributed to a perception that Catholicism was treason. This perception was seemingly confirmed when Elizabeth was

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The Queen's excommunication and the arrival of the seminary priests brought a change in government policy toward recusants. Before 1574, most laymen were not made to take the Oath of Supremacy and the

1125:, stating that until the Queen ordered otherwise ministers were to "use such ornaments as were in use by the authority of Parliament in the second year of the reign of King Edward VI". Edward's second 948:

joined the bishops in their opposition and succeeded in amending the bill considerably. The ordinal and prayer book provisions were removed and the Mass left unchanged, with the exception of allowing

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that would allow Protestants, with their bishop's permission, to omit ceremonies from the 1559 prayer book, and bishops would be further empowered to license clergymen to use the French and Dutch

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and establishing underground congregations. Most Puritans, however, remained in the Church of England. These Puritans were not without influence, enjoying the support of powerful men such as the

1768:'s wage). Afterwards, executions of Catholic priests became more common, and in 1585, it became treason for a Catholic priest to enter the country, as well as for anyone to aid or shelter him. 1340: 1129:

ran from 28 January 1548 to 27 January 1549. During this time, priests said Mass in Latin wearing traditional Catholic vestments. Few thought this was the rubric's meaning, however. Since the

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liturgies. Catholics, however, would have no such freedom. The Queen did not approve, disliking any attempt to undermine the concept of religious uniformity and her own religious settlement.

1102:, which effectively restored the 1552 prayer book with some modifications. The Litany in the 1552 book had denounced "the bishop of Rome, and all his detestable enormities". The revised 2672:, that incorporated a few changes requested by the Puritans. The most important outcome of the Conference, however, was the decision to produce a new translation of the Bible, the 1611 1670:

Catholics were forced to choose between attending Protestant services to comply with the law or refusing to attend. Those who refused to attend Church of England services were called

1461:. Later, she decided that roods should be restored in parish churches. Elizabeth's bishops protested both moves as revivals of idolatry, arguing that all images were forbidden by the 4926: 4765: 4601: 4531: 1025:

The bill easily passed the House of Commons. In the House of Lords, all the bishops voted against it, but they were joined by only one lay peer. The Act of Supremacy became law.

5875: 2730:, however, was unpopular with both Puritans and Prayer Book Protestants, who viewed the high church innovations as undermining forms of worship they had grown attached to. The 1525:

influences argued against using of funds to pay for choristers. Churches employed singers for special occasions, which might be paid with money, wine, or ale and bread. The

2818:"between the two extremes of too much stiffness in refusing and of too much easiness in admitting any variation". Although Elizabeth I "cannot be credited with a prophetic 2687:. Like the Puritans, Andrewes engaged in his own brand of nonconformity. In his private chapel, he added ceremonies and formulas not authorised in the prayer book, such as 2831: 1218:

write that the Elizabethan Church "was widely regarded as a Reformed church, but it was anomalous in retaining certain features of late medieval Catholicism", such as

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By 1572, the debate between Puritans and conformists had entered a new phase—church government had replaced vestments as the major issue. While Parliament still met,

6520: 5669: 2691:. James I tried to balance the Puritan forces within his church with followers of Andrewes, promoting many of them at the end of his reign. This group was led by 520:

theology and liturgy. In Mary's reign, these religious policies were reversed, England was re-united with the Catholic Church and Protestantism was suppressed.

6733: 165: 7459: 102: 2676:. While a disappointment for Puritans, the provisions were aimed at satisfying moderate Puritans and isolating them from their more radical counterparts. 617:

and the overthrow of the monarchy allowed the Puritans to pursue their reform agenda and the dismantling of the Elizabethan Settlement for a period. The

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or classes, from which the movement took its name. Through the 1580s, Puritans were organised enough to conduct what were essentially covert national

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removed, which they had only recently paid to restore under Queen Mary. They would spend more money on buying Bibles and prayer books and replacing

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and Peter Lake argue that until 1630 the Church of England was shaped by a "Calvinist consensus". During this time, Calvinist clergy held the best

1646:, and academics (mostly from Oxford but also from Cambridge) lost their positions. In the early years, some 300 Catholics fled, especially to the 2804:'s thought became influential within the Church of England, as Anglicans tried to define themselves in ways distinct from Protestant dissenters. 2594:

began defending the English Church's episcopal polity more strongly, no longer merely accepting it as convenient but asserting it as divine law.

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of Cambridge University, a leading advocate for conformity, published a reply in October 1572, and he and Cartwright subsequently entered into a

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with communion cups (a chalice was designed for the priest alone whereas a communion cup was larger and to be used by the whole congregation).

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in 1660 reestablished the settlement, and the Puritans were forced out of the Church of England. Anglicans started to define their Church as a

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was added as one of the concessions to traditionalists in order to gain passage in the Lords. The rubric provided instructions for clerical

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opened in January 1559, its chief goal was the difficult task of reaching a religious settlement. Twenty bishops (all Catholics) sat in the

8752: 6152: 1976: 869:. It was obvious to most that these were temporary measures. Her government's goal was to resurrect the Edwardian reforms, reinstating the 318: 1360:

Church. It was the main altar stone up to about 1550 in the reign of Edward VI when it was removed and used as a footbridge over a stream.

821:. At certain times, the Queen made her religious preferences clear, such as on Christmas Day 1558, when before Mass she instructed Bishop 6616: 4997: 2450:

came into use to describe those who wanted further reformation. Some lost faith in the Church of England as an agent of reform, becoming

2197: 8767: 8387: 6992: 6816: 6189: 5293: 2131: 1971: 260: 2151: 8762: 5495: 1503:. Although most people were able to sing, worship was dominated by choral liturgies, especially in the cathedrals. During this time, 972: 532: 426: 215: 46: 3604: 1453:

The Queen was disappointed by the extreme iconoclasm of the Protestants during the visitations. In October 1559, she ordered that a

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The Act of Uniformity required church attendance on Sundays and holy days and imposed fines for each day absent. It authorized the

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Supremacy bill would pass. Under this bill, the Pope's jurisdiction in England was once again abolished, and Elizabeth was to be

743:, the central act of Catholic worship, was condemned as idolatry and replaced with a Protestant communion service, a reminder of 1800: 6768: 6636: 5880: 5788: 5519: 5439: 5387: 5185: 2330: 2262: 1662:. They also acted as a "Church government in exile", providing Catholics in England with advice and instructions. In 1568, the 1469:

in London. A year later, the Queen herself ordered the demolition of all lofts, but the rood beams were to remain on which the

647:; an allegorical painting meant to show Queen Elizabeth I combined the best virtues of her predecessors, Henry, Edward and Mary 17: 8361: 2574:

used in Geneva. Both attempts failed, mainly because of the Queen's opposition. In response, a group of conformists including

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The Elizabethan settlement was further consolidated by the adoption of a moderately Protestant doctrinal statement called the

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to replace Pole as Archbishop of Canterbury. Parker was a prominent scholar and had served as chaplain to Elizabeth's mother,

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or middle way between the religious extremes of Catholicism and Protestantism; Arminianism and Calvinism; and high church and

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Devotional singing at home was shared between family and friends. By far the most popular and reprinted metrical Psalter was

1315: 837:—still a Benedictine monastery—the Queen disapproved of what she considered Catholic superstition, telling the monks bearing 771: 685: 513: 406: 1548:. Although it was not legally required, it was traditional for virtually all Protestant churches and was also used at home. 1040:(1489–1556), Edward VI's Archbishop of Canterbury and editor and co-author of both the 1549 and 1552 Books of Common Prayer. 8279: 6174: 2708: 2455: 2400: 1866: 1729:

seminaries to train and ordain English priests. In addition to the English College at Douai, a seminary was established at

1628: 1369: 1286:—someone who stayed in England during Mary's reign and outwardly conformed to Catholicism. Most of the other posts went to 870: 603: 303: 1473:

were to be displayed. The Queen still believed there should be a division between the chancel and the rest of the church.

6369: 2765:. Now outside the established church, the different strands of the Puritan movement evolved into separate denominations: 2474: 2467: 930: 906: 558: 255: 97: 1619: 1493:

was limited to biblical texts and music sung during worship in the early church. Examples of permissible music included

8742: 8666: 7076: 5967: 5870: 4822: 4798: 4749: 4674: 2532:—both Cartwright and Whitgift believed in predestination and that human works played no role in salvation. Rather, the 2367: 2800:

as a recognisable tradition "owes more to the Restoration than the Reformation". It was in the period after 1660 that

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illegal forms of worship, and a proclamation on 27 December prohibited all forms other than the Latin Mass and the

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inherited a kingdom bitterly divided over matters of religion. This division began during the reign of her father,

54: 7673: 5107: 1022:. While broad and ambiguous, this provision was meant to reassure Catholics that they would have some protection. 8567: 7299: 7028: 7009: 6469: 6199: 5938: 5895: 5778: 5768: 5578: 5541: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5180: 2679:

The Church of England's dominant theology was still Calvinism, but a group of theologians associated with Bishop

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To enforce her religious policies, Queen Elizabeth needed bishops willing to cooperate. Seven bishops, including

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that Mary I had revived. Catholics gained an important concession. Under the bill, only opinions contrary to

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rather than the Reformers and preferred using the more traditional 1549 prayer book. Due to their belief in

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Archbishop William Laud's promotion of high church policies caused controversy within the Church of England

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The most significant revision was a change to the Communion Service that added the words for administering

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Bishop Jewel called the surplice a "vestige of error". In general, the bishops considered clerical dress

1742: 918: 899: 740: 833:. In effect, Elizabeth was declaring that she did not believe in the doctrine of transubstantiation. At 8392: 8234: 5977: 5845: 5649: 4784: 2538: 2283: 1815: 1655: 1534: 1271:) lost their posts. Most of their replacements were not consecrated until December 1559 or early 1560. 1003: 949: 8516: 8029: 7795: 7449: 6999: 6802: 6756: 6239: 5703: 5593: 2444:

The controversy over dress divided the Protestant community, and it was in these years that the term

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released Elizabeth's Catholic subjects from any obligation to obey her. Subsequently, two Catholics,

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Thomas Cartwright was a leading Puritan and promoter of presbyterianism in the reign of Elizabeth I

2247: 2116: 2041: 1659: 1647: 1447: 1407: 1268: 1252: 1019: 854: 838: 401: 270: 87: 6162: 2741:. The Directory was not a liturgical book but only a set of directions and outlines for services. 1192: 1084: 8497: 8316: 7384: 7320: 7071: 6898: 6837: 6049: 5989: 5865: 5747: 5546: 5148: 4475: 2770: 1886: 1385: 1264: 1211: 999:, believed that "All scripture seems to assign the title of head of the Church to Christ alone". 744: 1579:, which required all new ministers to affirm their agreement with this confessional statement. 8402: 8227: 8193: 8168: 8105: 7812: 7542: 7352: 6960: 6939: 6709: 6596: 6214: 5835: 5756: 5732: 5164: 4986: 2753: 2748:

of the monarchy in 1660 allowed for the restoration of the Elizabethan Settlement as well. The

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was composed for the royal chapel and cathedrals. Parish churches tended to have less music as

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The settlement failed to end religious disputes. While most people conformed, a minority of

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policy which foresaw the rich diversity of Anglicanism", her preferences made it possible.

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was even more strongly Reformed, having a presbyterian polity and John Knox's liturgy, the

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A Defence of the Government Established in the Church of England for Ecclesiastical Matters

2489: 2036: 1805: 1757: 1722: 1710: 1517: 1365: 1334:'s reformation in Geneva were notably excluded from consideration. The Queen never forgave 1311: 1299: 975:

instead of supreme head. All clergy and royal office-holders would be required to swear an

724: 607: 562: 343: 200: 7737: 4866:

The Making of the Jacobean Regime: James VI and I and the Government of England, 1603-1605

2414:

There were objections over the prayer book, including certain formulas and responses, the

1146:. Opposition to the so-called "popish wardrobe" made it impossible to enforce the rubric. 8: 8711: 8656: 8624: 8597: 8562: 8432: 8010: 7406: 7325: 7236: 7152: 6718: 6699: 6439: 6434: 6361: 6079: 6054: 5933: 5913: 5860: 5761: 5659: 5556: 5524: 5468: 5083: 4641: 2871: 2841: 2557: 2513: 2501: 1846: 1714: 1705: 1635: 1570:, it tried to steer a middle way between Reformed and Lutheran doctrines while rejecting 1557: 1327: 1260: 1183: 1080: 1064: 987:, an influential Continental reformer, had called Henry VIII's claim to supreme headship 826: 732: 716: 665: 652: 595: 466: 391: 205: 116: 7537: 6932: 5061: 8629: 8557: 8552: 8492: 8321: 8135: 8005: 7837: 7785: 7688: 7372: 7347: 7310: 7194: 7127: 7100: 7004: 6666: 6416: 6346: 6263: 6251: 6228: 6024: 5798: 5639: 5583: 5573: 5375: 5159: 5079: 4970: 4962: 4908: 4709: 4701: 2762: 2673: 2658: 2633: 2552:

John Whitgift was Archbishop of Canterbury and a defender of the Elizabethan Settlement

2463: 2451: 2395: 2121: 2066: 2061: 2016: 1941: 1871: 1749:. Between 1574 and 1603, 600 Catholic priests were sent to England. In 1580, the first 1060: 1011: 929:, and a slightly revised 1552 prayer book. It was not popular with the clergy, and the 926: 830: 767: 756: 644: 517: 283: 265: 160: 147: 62: 7678: 7064: 5737: 2516:—which presented a more detailed proposal for church reform along presbyterian lines. 582:

consensus developed among leading churchmen. Calvinists split between conformists and

8582: 8336: 8269: 8216: 8188: 7727: 7693: 7479: 7389: 7231: 7211: 7206: 7059: 6591: 6510: 6505: 6459: 6399: 6268: 6064: 5449: 5370: 5308: 5112: 5089: 5067: 5035: 5005: 4974: 4931: 4895: 4874: 4837: 4818: 4794: 4770: 4745: 4713: 4670: 4664: 4649: 4627: 4606: 4581: 4560: 4550: 4536: 4499: 4461: 4429: 2846: 2731: 2696: 2680: 2602: 2583: 2415: 2353: 2338: 2146: 2071: 2056: 2011: 1784: 1397: 1295: 1199: 1150: 1092: 1088: 1002:

The bill included permission to receive communion in two kinds. It also repealed the

976: 894: 850: 834: 814: 801: 701: 677: 614: 470: 6454: 4527:"The Prayer Book and the Parish Church: From the Restoration to the Oxford Movement" 4492: 3358:

The Communion Service of the Prayer Book: Its intention, Interpretation and Revision

1418:

The Injunctions offered clarity on the matter of vestments. Clergy were to wear the

1368:

of the dioceses. The visitation was conducted according to injunctions based on the

8661: 8651: 8634: 8512: 8470: 8412: 8382: 8211: 7917: 7832: 7697: 7469: 7416: 7251: 7216: 7189: 7184: 6910: 6351: 6291: 5679: 5664: 5365: 5345: 5340: 5323: 5303: 4982: 4954: 4693: 2785: 2623: 2575: 2497: 2179: 1679: 1584: 1541: 1494: 1231: 1154: 1118: 1033: 567: 509: 366: 348: 308: 6863: 2683:

disagreed with many aspects of the Reformed tradition, especially its teaching on

1504: 842: 465:(1558–1603). The settlement, implemented from 1559 to 1563, marked the end of the 8639: 8572: 8507: 8464: 8249: 8206: 8158: 8075: 7947: 7758: 7572: 7474: 7444: 7016: 6724: 6626: 6564: 6306: 6257: 5803: 5458: 5029: 4921: 4864: 4812: 4788: 4760: 4739: 4621: 4596: 4575: 4554: 4526: 4455: 4423: 2591: 2571: 2478: 2387: 2237: 2227: 2212: 2202: 1643: 1435: 1426:

and requirements that clergy receive permission to marry from the bishop and two

1256: 1076: 1072: 934: 922: 914: 822: 779: 681: 505: 396: 7167: 8681: 8619: 8480: 8460: 8422: 8376: 8341: 8296: 8145: 8118: 8051: 8046: 7972: 7907: 7842: 7772: 7707: 7619: 7568: 7434: 7357: 7342: 6728: 6714: 6689: 6684: 6475: 6449: 6379: 6194: 6096: 6091: 6074: 6014: 5908: 5855: 5684: 5604: 5453: 2819: 2801: 2758: 2700: 2629: 2459: 2252: 2086: 1696: 1530: 1381: 1303: 1291: 1275: 1215: 1037: 992: 945: 910: 857:

was filled with former Edwardian politicians, and only Protestants preached at

643:

From right to left: Elizabeth I, Edward VI, Henry VIII, Mary I and her husband

361: 225: 134: 7683: 7201: 5071: 4966: 4697: 4684:—— (December 2005). "Putting the English Reformation on the Map". 1442:. According to the prayer book, the table should be placed permanently in the 8726: 8614: 8587: 8397: 8306: 8087: 8079: 8041: 7991: 7980: 7967: 7628: 7439: 7287: 7276: 6915: 6888: 6631: 6568: 6557: 6444: 6331: 6234: 6222: 6086: 6059: 5999: 5478: 5298: 5093: 4735: 4494:

The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, c. 1400–c. 1580

2692: 2619: 2587: 2517: 2485: 2297: 2257: 2232: 2217: 2187: 2046: 1946: 1936: 1931: 1921: 1836: 1623:

A recusant house in Wales that served as a Mass centre during the Reformation

1608: 1388:), and they interpreted the injunctions in the most Protestant way possible. 1287: 1248: 1171: 1110:, which in the 1552 book explained that kneeling for communion did not imply 748: 523:

The Elizabethan Settlement was an attempt to end this religious turmoil. The

170: 7261: 8526: 8455: 8407: 8301: 8221: 7999: 7624: 7582: 7547: 7500: 7394: 7362: 7137: 7038: 6656: 6586: 6464: 6273: 6244: 6111: 5808: 5551: 5510: 5057: 4808: 2792: 2723: 2605:

published a series of tracts attacking leading conformist clergy. The 1588

2521: 2423: 2141: 1831: 1718: 1590: 1512: 1478: 1458: 1423: 1377: 1223: 1107: 996: 953: 5117: 4891:

The Elizabethan Top Ten: Defining Print Popularity in Early Modern England

484:

When Elizabeth inherited the throne, England was bitterly divided between

8671: 8547: 8501: 8370: 8311: 8140: 8083: 8070: 8056: 7892: 7867: 7852: 7653: 7614: 7587: 7577: 7110: 6982: 6296: 6157: 6128: 6069: 6044: 6039: 5903: 5818: 5712: 5693: 5402: 4851: 4513: 4487: 2797: 2712: 2529: 2391: 2242: 2192: 1861: 1856: 1841: 1526: 1412: 1331: 1279: 1175: 1159: 1126: 984: 938: 858: 657: 599: 549:, including giving individuals greater latitude concerning belief in the 489: 478: 462: 7722: 2646:, all attempts to make it as similar as possible to the English Church. 571:

was issued outlining the church's reformed theology in greater detail.

8676: 8417: 8326: 8201: 8099: 7790: 7663: 7597: 7592: 7271: 7266: 7221: 7021: 6676: 6426: 6374: 6179: 6009: 5654: 5483: 5427: 5422: 4705: 2727: 2496:

that condemned "Popish abuses yet remaining in the English Church" and

2386:

Leading Protestants within the Church of England were attracted to the

1683: 1639: 1571: 1508: 1341:

The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women

1323: 1307: 1283: 1055:

votes. Even this was possible only through political intrigue. Bishops

795: 775: 693: 661: 628: 591: 493: 457:

is the name given to the religious and political arrangements made for

313: 4556:

English Reformations: Religion, Politics, and Society Under the Tudors

8110: 8064: 8015: 7986: 7937: 7367: 6971: 6671: 6621: 6547: 6542: 6316: 6301: 6029: 6019: 5722: 5708: 5432: 5063:

The English Church in the Reigns of Elizabeth and James I (1558-1625)

4669:. British History in Perspective (2nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. 2814: 2433: 1851: 1671: 1466: 1357: 1335: 1219: 1203: 988: 752: 728: 711:

as a central teaching, in contrast to the Catholic teaching that the

697: 689: 623: 579: 497: 485: 71: 2406: 917:, and the Lords in general were opposed to change. In February, the 8486: 8023: 7922: 7882: 7872: 7857: 7643: 7517: 7377: 7105: 7095: 7044: 6977: 6922: 6855: 6794: 6515: 6394: 6034: 5813: 5727: 5473: 5463: 5417: 5412: 5407: 4958: 2774: 2548: 1792: 1566:. While affirming traditional Christian teaching as defined by the 1454: 1419: 1143: 1122: 1014:

of the early church, and any future Parliament could be treated as

712: 583: 575: 554: 546: 676:

of his marriage. When his request was denied, Henry separated the

34: 8706: 8346: 8264: 7887: 7862: 7847: 7802: 7638: 7495: 7411: 7399: 7293: 7162: 7142: 7117: 6552: 6482: 6142: 6106: 4927:

The Oxford Guide to the Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey

4766:

The Oxford Guide to the Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey

4602:

The Oxford Guide to the Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey

4532:

The Oxford Guide to the Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey

2865: 2780: 2661:

to the King. This petition for church reform was referred to the

2537:

1570s and 1580s. Puritan clergy in this movement organised local

2446: 2419: 1765: 1522: 1499: 1443: 1401: 1230:

contained in the prayer book, traditional clerical vestments and

1227: 1207: 474: 458: 5085:

The Elizabethan Clergy and the Settlement of Religion, 1558-1564

4888:

Quitslund, Beth (2016), "The Psalm Book", in Smith, Emma (ed.),

4460:. Cambridge Companions to Religion. Cambridge University Press. 8091: 7961: 7927: 7912: 7897: 7658: 7552: 7532: 7522: 7241: 7226: 7179: 6842: 5568: 5488: 5355: 5031:

Hot Protestants: A History of Puritanism in England and America

2699:

and became known as the Durham House group. They looked to the

2649: 1750: 1700: 1675: 1015: 845:, "Away with those torches, for we see very well". The Queen's 587: 527:

re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome.

501: 4741:

Prayer Book and People in Elizabethan and Early Stuart England

8259: 7932: 7902: 7648: 7527: 7512: 7147: 6116: 5108:

Elizabethan Religious Settlement - World History Encyclopedia

4945:

Spurr, John (March 2002). "The English 'Post-Reformation'?".

2628:

In 1603, the King of Scotland inherited the English crown as

2542: 1187: 1007: 791: 5021:

Anglican Teaching: An Exposition of the Thirty-nine Articles

4790:

Heretics and Believers: A History of the English Reformation

4620:

Lord, Suzanne (2003). "Life and Music of the Middle Class".

4186: 4174: 2390:

of south Germany and Switzerland led by theologians such as

1582:

With the Queen's approval, Convocation also issued a second

8686: 8035: 7877: 7602: 4102: 4030: 4018: 3981: 3979: 3901: 3823: 3801: 3799: 3760: 3733: 3709: 3462: 3450: 3384: 3382: 3248: 3131: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3038: 3036: 2832:

A View of Popish Abuses yet remaining in the English Church

2722:, the Arminians were ascendant and closely associated with 1730: 1393: 1139: 1106:

removed this denunciation of the Pope. It also deleted the

787: 783: 669: 3515: 3513: 3321: 3319: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3238: 3236: 3085: 3083: 3070: 3068: 3009: 817:, and there is evidence she preferred the more ceremonial 578:

remained loyal Catholics. Within the Church of England, a

7827: 7717: 4375: 4363: 4353: 4351: 4162: 3661: 1457:

and candlesticks be placed on the communion table in the

1135: 639: 516:. During Edward's reign, the Church of England adopted a 6879:(also called Mass, Holy Communion, or the Lord's Supper) 5023:. Dublin: Association for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 4577:

World of William Byrd: Musicians, Merchants and Magnates

4266: 4264: 4251: 4249: 4234: 4150: 4138: 4126: 4114: 4066: 4042: 3976: 3796: 3697: 3585: 3561: 3525: 3438: 3379: 3367: 3336: 3334: 3304: 3194: 3048: 3033: 3021: 2997: 2937: 2925: 2665:

of 1604, which agreed to produce a new prayer book, the

2500:. It called for the church to be organised according to 1721:–a Catholic conspiracy to overthrow Elizabeth and place 1551: 1364:

In the summer of 1559, the government conducted a royal

4090: 4078: 4054: 4006: 3996: 3994: 3942: 3940: 3913: 3889: 3879: 3877: 3840: 3838: 3750: 3748: 3721: 3573: 3549: 3510: 3498: 3486: 3474: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3316: 3294: 3292: 3277: 3260: 3233: 3223: 3221: 3206: 3182: 3170: 3148: 3146: 3119: 3080: 3065: 6734:

Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

4387: 4348: 4324: 4288: 3685: 3158: 3095: 2973: 2913: 2791:

The Church of England was fundamentally changed. The "

1725:

on the throne–further alarmed the English government.

1411:

A 17th-century communion table in St Laurence Church,

829:. He refused, so the Queen left the chapel before the 707:

During Edward's reign, the Church of England preached

668:, failed to produce a male heir, Henry applied to the 492:

as a result of various religious changes initiated by

4623:

Music from the Age of Shakespeare: A Cultural History

4336: 4312: 4300: 4276: 4261: 4246: 4222: 4198: 3331: 2889: 4210: 3991: 3964: 3952: 3937: 3925: 3874: 3862: 3850: 3835: 3811: 3784: 3772: 3745: 3649: 3637: 3537: 3426: 3407: 3289: 3218: 3143: 3107: 2961: 2861: 1028: 755:

was no longer explained by the Catholic doctrine of

4998:"Music and Reform in France, England, and Scotland" 4648:(revised ed.). London: Yale University Press. 3613: 2985: 2949: 2901: 1537:and the royal chapel continued during this period. 684:and claimed that he, rather than the pope, was its 477:, laying the foundation for the unique identity of 5019:Wilson, William Gilbert; Templeton, J. H. (1962). 4491: 3673: 3625: 2657:At the start of his reign, Puritans presented the 1717:, were executed for treason. The discovery of the 565:as a confessional statement for the church, and a 4924:. In Hefling, Charles; Shattuck, Cynthia (eds.). 4763:. In Hefling, Charles; Shattuck, Cynthia (eds.). 4599:. In Hefling, Charles; Shattuck, Cynthia (eds.). 4529:. In Hefling, Charles; Shattuck, Cynthia (eds.). 8724: 5113:Documents Illustrative of English Church History 5002:The Cambridge History of Sixteenth-Century Music 469:. It permanently shaped the Church of England's 5018: 5000:. In Fenlon, Iain; Wristreich, Richard (eds.). 3715: 2382:History of the Puritans under Queen Elizabeth I 692:, the Church of England became more explicitly 598:church government. After Elizabeth's death, a 2473:In 1572, a bill was introduced in the Queen's 1095:was excused from attending on account of age. 6810: 5133: 2361: 921:passed a Reformation Bill that would restore 586:, who wanted to abolish what they considered 434: 4726:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 ( 4686:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 4535:. Oxford University Press. pp. 93–105. 4454:Coffey, John; Lim, Paul C. H., eds. (2008). 1741:, and two more were established in Spain in 319:History of the Puritans under King Charles I 5147: 4953:(1). University of Chicago Press: 101–119. 4930:. Oxford University Press. pp. 44–54. 4769:. Oxford University Press. pp. 79–92. 4666:The Later Reformation in England, 1547-1603 4605:. Oxford University Press. pp. 61–63. 2601:, an anonymous Puritan under the pseudonym 1165: 553:and permission to use traditional priestly 8388:Communion and the developmentally disabled 6817: 6803: 5140: 5126: 4995: 4683: 4662: 4640: 4381: 4369: 4192: 4180: 4168: 4156: 4144: 4132: 4120: 4108: 4072: 4048: 4036: 3985: 3805: 3667: 3531: 3388: 3373: 3059: 3042: 3027: 2943: 2931: 2368: 2354: 1799: 688:on earth. Under Elizabeth's half-brother, 441: 427: 261:History of the Puritans under King James I 61: 4981: 4887: 4856:Elizabeth I and her Parliaments 1559–1581 4453: 3703: 3691: 3444: 1242: 973:supreme governor of the Church of England 739:were also rejected during this time. The 533:Supreme Governor of the Church of England 216:History of the Puritans under Elizabeth I 29:Part of England's switch to Protestantism 4907: 4783: 4096: 4084: 4060: 4024: 4012: 3919: 3907: 3895: 3829: 3766: 3739: 3727: 3579: 3555: 3519: 3504: 3492: 3480: 3468: 3456: 3353: 3325: 3283: 3271: 3254: 3242: 3212: 3188: 3176: 3137: 3125: 3089: 3074: 2979: 2919: 2779: 2648: 2547: 2405: 1674:. Most Catholics, however, were "church 1618: 1406: 1351: 1032: 893: 807: 638: 551:real presence of Christ in the Eucharist 33: 6558:Fostering of early experimental science 5027: 4831: 4807: 4594: 4524: 4498:(2nd ed.). Yale University Press. 4474: 4405: 4393: 4294: 3340: 3164: 3101: 3015: 2967: 2895: 937:, transubstantiation and the Mass as a 14: 8725: 6662:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 4919: 4862: 4817:(3rd ed.). Morehouse Publishing. 4758: 4734: 4573: 4421: 4357: 4342: 4330: 4318: 4306: 4282: 4270: 4255: 4240: 4228: 4216: 4204: 4000: 3790: 3655: 3643: 2508:was published—most likely authored by 1614: 815:Lutheran views on Eucharistic presence 6798: 5121: 4944: 4850: 4692:. Cambridge University Press: 75–95. 4549: 4486: 4457:The Cambridge Companion to Puritanism 4425:Puritanism: A Very Short Introduction 3970: 3958: 3946: 3931: 3883: 3868: 3856: 3844: 3817: 3778: 3754: 3591: 3567: 3543: 3432: 3420: 3401: 3400:For a summary of Neale's thesis, see 3310: 3298: 3227: 3200: 3152: 3113: 3003: 2991: 2955: 2907: 2784:Statue of Richard Hooker in front of 2715:orientation was more controversial. 1897:17th-century denominations in England 1552:Thirty-nine Articles and the Homilies 1282:. Also, like Elizabeth, Parker was a 514:supreme head of the Church of England 6824: 4619: 4442: 3679: 3631: 3619: 1867:Arminianism in the Church of England 1682:ruled out any outward conformity or 1629:Catholic Church in England and Wales 1347: 531:conferred on Elizabeth the title of 304:Arminianism in the Church of England 8753:Protestantism in the United Kingdom 4512: 3361: 2707:, this new faction is known as the 959: 889: 606:party gained power in the reign of 559:Convocations of Canterbury and York 98:Convocations of Canterbury and York 24: 8667:Ritualism in the Church of England 5050: 4913:Reflections on Liturgical Revision 4814:A History of the Church in England 798:was sanctioned by the government. 25: 8784: 8768:History of Catholicism in England 8255:Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate 7455:List of Anglican church composers 6945:Coronation of the British monarch 5101: 2506:A Second Admonition to Parliament 1703:in February 1570. The papal bull 1497:and liturgical texts such as the 1237: 1029:Act of Uniformity and prayer book 504:. Henry VIII had broken from the 412:History of the Anglican Communion 339:History of the Puritans from 1649 8763:History of the Church of England 8705: 8603:Elizabethan Religious Settlement 4922:"From Elizabeth I to Charles II" 4834:The Anglican Spiritual Tradition 4597:"The 'Liturgy of Comprehension'" 4399: 2864: 2837:History of the Church of England 2092:Elizabethan Religious Settlement 1564:Thirty-nine Articles of Religion 1384:, John Jewel, Edwin Sandys, and 455:Elizabethan Religious Settlement 55:History of the Church of England 8568:Bible translations into English 7300:To Thee before the close of day 7029:Seven Last Words from the Cross 5088:. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 5066:. London; New York: Macmillan. 4414: 3597: 3394: 3352:For an extended treatment, see 3346: 2494:An Admonition to the Parliament 2007:Westminster Confession of Faith 1967:History under Queen Elizabeth I 7257:Benedictus (Song of Zechariah) 6521:Separation of church and state 6190:Formal and material principles 6175:Separation of church and state 5004:. Cambridge University Press. 4744:. Cambridge University Press. 2852:Religion in the United Kingdom 1568:first four ecumenical councils 1491:Music in the Church of England 884: 879:Forty-two Articles of Religion 185:Elizabethan Church (1558–1603) 130:Dissolution of the Monasteries 13: 1: 6185:Hymnody of continental Europe 5336:Apostles in the New Testament 4947:The Journal of Modern History 3356:, pp. 12–17) discussing 2878: 1775: 853:, a moderate Protestant. Her 634: 610:and challenged the Puritans. 8438:Thanksgiving after Communion 8242:Divine Worship: Daily Office 7780:Directory for Public Worship 7753:Book of Alternative Services 7282:O God, make speed to save us 5028:Winship, Michael P. (2018). 2883: 2738:Directory for Public Worship 2528:was not a disagreement over 2422:, the surplice and use of a 1977:History under King Charles I 1692:Revolt of the Northern Earls 1597: 1330:. Those exiles with ties to 1050:Book of Common Prayer (1559) 1020:ecclesiastical commissioners 715:person could cooperate with 709:justification by faith alone 700:, in the words of historian 696:, projecting a "restrained" 256:James I and religious issues 93:Religion in Medieval England 7: 7353:Glory to God in the highest 5633:Eastern Orthodox opposition 4996:Williamson, Magnus (2018). 4580:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 4559:. Oxford University Press. 4518:Dixit Cranmer Et Non Timuit 4428:. Oxford University Press. 4422:Bremer, Francis J. (2009). 3716:Wilson & Templeton 1962 2857:Westminster Conference 1559 2825: 2556:In 1577, Whitgift was made 1531:boys for service as singers 772:Christ's spiritual presence 297:Caroline period (1625–1649) 249:Jacobean period (1603–1625) 10: 8789: 8393:Communion under both kinds 8235:Divine Worship: The Missal 5650:Art patronage of Julius II 4449:. Oxford University Press. 2617: 2379: 2127:Immigration to New England 1972:History under King James I 1816:Springfield, Massachusetts 1687:was becoming more common. 1634:conform. Large numbers of 1626: 1555: 1043: 963: 950:communion under both kinds 650: 8743:16th-century Christianity 8700: 8540: 8446: 8360: 8187: 8030:Feast of the Annunciation 7946: 7811: 7796:Revised Common Lectionary 7736: 7561: 7488: 7450:Great Four Anglican Hymns 7425: 7085: 7000:Mass of the Presanctified 6988:Mass of the Lord's Supper 6830: 6742: 6577: 6496: 6425: 6360: 6282: 6213: 6153:Calvinist–Arminian debate 6127: 5894: 5777: 5613: 5504: 5386: 5284: 5173: 5155: 5034:. Yale University Press. 4836:. Templegate Publishers. 4793:. Yale University Press. 4698:10.1017/S0080440105000319 4595:Hefling, Charles (2006). 2613: 2112:Providence Island Company 1982:Cromwellian era and after 1917:Definitions of Puritanism 1892:Ecclesiastical separatism 1753:priests came to England. 1370:Royal Injunctions of 1547 1087:, and the elderly Bishop 931:Convocation of Canterbury 871:Royal Injunctions of 1547 508:and the authority of the 8150:Feast of Christ the King 7460:List of Anglican hymnals 6642:Christian existentialism 4991:. Company of Stationers. 4871:Royal Historical Society 4858:. London: Jonathan Cape. 4700:(inactive 9 July 2024). 4525:Gregory, Jeremy (2006). 2663:Hampton Court Conference 2597:In response to Bridges' 2117:Massachusetts Bay Colony 2042:Trial of Archbishop Laud 1987:History in North America 1664:English College at Douai 1485: 1253:Archbishop of Canterbury 1166:Scholarly interpretation 664:. After his first wife, 525:Act of Supremacy of 1558 402:Disestablishmentarianism 271:Hampton Court Conference 88:Anglo-Saxon Christianity 8712:Christianity portal 8498:Origin of the Eucharist 8317:Liturgy of Saint Tikhon 7385:Prayer of Humble Access 7072:Nine Lessons and Carols 5149:History of Christianity 4832:—— (1983). 4759:—— (2006). 4663:—— (2001). 4480:The English Reformation 3609:Encyclopedia Britannica 2326:Congregational churches 2284:The Godly Man's Picture 2152:American exceptionalism 1887:English Presbyterianism 1356:Ancient altar stone at 1071:were imprisoned in the 117:Reformation (1509–1559) 103:Development of dioceses 8362:Eucharistic discipline 8228:Book of Divine Worship 8194:Western Rite Orthodoxy 6961:Exhortation and Litany 6955:Dedication of a church 6710:Fourth Great Awakening 6597:Second Great Awakening 5836:Fall of Constantinople 5628:Development of primacy 4920:Spinks, Bryan (2006). 4869:. Studies in History. 4863:Newton, Diana (2005). 4646:Thomas Cranmer: A Life 4443:Byrd, William (1922). 2847:Peace of Augsburg 1555 2788: 2754:1662 Act of Uniformity 2654: 2644:Five Articles of Perth 2607:Marprelate Controversy 2553: 2526:Admonition Controversy 2411: 2305:Foxe's Book of Martyrs 2291:The Pilgrim's Progress 2132:Culture in New England 2082:Act of Uniformity 1662 1927:Puritan Sabbatarianism 1812:Augustus Saint-Gaudens 1624: 1415: 1361: 1243:Episcopal appointments 1131:Act of Uniformity 1549 1085:summoned to Parliament 1046:Act of Uniformity 1558 1041: 902: 737:intercession of saints 648: 537:Act of Uniformity 1558 236:Marprelate Controversy 231:Foxe's Book of Martyrs 125:Reformation Parliament 81:Middle Ages (597–1500) 39: 18:Elizabethan settlement 8692:Vestments controversy 8646:The Parson's Handbook 8608:Prayer Book Rebellion 8578:Choral Evensong (BBC) 8352:Stations of the Cross 7766:The Books of Homilies 7747:Book of Common Prayer 7133:General Intercessions 6894:Anointing of the sick 6858:(Vespers or Evensong) 6851:Prayer During the Day 6705:Reformed epistemology 6647:Third Great Awakening 6617:Seventh-day Adventist 6538:First Great Awakening 6411:Book of Common Prayer 6205:Protestant work ethic 5748:Independent Catholics 5699:Monastery dissolution 4574:Harley, John (2010). 3445:Coffey & Lim 2008 2783: 2669:Book of Common Prayer 2652: 2618:Further information: 2551: 2429:Vestments controversy 2409: 2169:Troubles at Frankfurt 2137:Christmas prohibition 2052:Vestments controversy 1810:, an 1887 statue by 1648:University of Louvain 1627:Further information: 1622: 1556:Further information: 1438:that were to replace 1428:justices of the peace 1410: 1355: 1112:Eucharistic adoration 1104:Book of Common Prayer 1036: 966:Act of Supremacy 1558 933:reacted by affirming 897: 875:Book of Common Prayer 808:Elizabeth's accession 794:were suppressed, and 763:Book of Common Prayer 642: 542:Book of Common Prayer 387:Bangorian Controversy 355:Book of Common Prayer 277:Book of Common Prayer 221:Vestments controversy 211:The Books of Homilies 194:Book of Common Prayer 154:Book of Common Prayer 141:Book of Common Prayer 37: 8593:Convergence Movement 8532:Thirty-nine Articles 8332:Personal ordinariate 8292:Ecclesiastical Latin 7336:Words of Institution 7331:Memorial Acclamation 7185:The Lord be with you 6528:Edicts of toleration 6337:Three Forms of Unity 6102:Bohemian Reformation 5675:Catholic Reformation 5532:Roman state religion 5351:Council of Jerusalem 5058:Frere, Walter Howard 4988:Whole Book of Psalms 4642:MacCulloch, Diarmaid 2718:During the reign of 2639:Book of Common Order 2470:and William Cecil. 2319:Continuing movements 2037:Scrooby Congregation 1723:Mary, Queen of Scots 1546:Whole book of Psalms 1535:St. Paul's Cathedral 1174:" thesis, historian 1004:medieval heresy laws 983:leading the Church. 745:Christ's crucifixion 563:Thirty-Nine Articles 461:during the reign of 344:Westminster Assembly 201:Thirty-nine Articles 8758:English Reformation 8657:Prayer for the dead 8625:Liturgical Movement 8598:English Reformation 8563:Anglican sacraments 8433:Spiritual Communion 8123:(some churches use 8011:Baptism of the Lord 7395:Lift up your hearts 7237:Trinitarian formula 6700:Liberation theology 6607:Jehovah's Witnesses 6440:Radical Reformation 6168:Resistance theories 6055:Christian mysticism 6050:Early Scholasticism 5762:Ecclesial community 5660:Counter-Reformation 5525:Constantinian shift 4809:Moorman, John R. H. 4626:. Greenwood Press. 4027:, pp. 470–472. 3910:, pp. 487–494. 3832:, pp. 467–469. 3769:, pp. 542–543. 3742:, pp. 458–459. 3594:, pp. 248–249. 3570:, pp. 246–248. 3471:, pp. 436–437. 3459:, pp. 435–436. 3313:, pp. 240–241. 3257:, pp. 431–432. 3140:, pp. 419–420. 3006:, pp. 450–454. 2872:Christianity portal 2842:Liturgical struggle 2558:Bishop of Worcester 2514:Christopher Goodman 2502:presbyterian polity 2180:Notable individuals 2077:English Restoration 1847:English Reformation 1735:Collegium Anglorum 1706:Regnans in Excelsis 1615:Catholic resistance 1558:Convocation of 1563 1184:Diarmaid MacCulloch 1182:Another historian, 847:principal secretary 733:prayer for the dead 727:. The doctrines of 666:Catherine of Aragon 653:English Reformation 590:abuses and replace 467:English Reformation 392:Evangelical Revival 206:Convocation of 1563 8630:Millenary Petition 8558:Anglican devotions 8553:Anglican Communion 8493:Liturgical colours 8428:Reserved sacrament 8164:Principal Holy Day 7838:Baptismal clothing 7786:Edwardine Ordinals 7689:Processional cross 7562:Liturgical objects 7348:Collect for Purity 7158:Laying on of hands 7128:Episcopal blessing 7034:Three Hours' Agony 7005:Good Friday Prayer 6950:Churching of women 6774:Oriental Orthodoxy 6417:King James Version 6229:Ninety-five Theses 6025:Apostolic Brethren 5799:Church of the East 5794:Oriental Orthodoxy 5640:Crusading movement 5160:Early Christianity 4551:Haigh, Christopher 3404:, pp. 33–84). 3203:, p. 239–240. 3018:, p. 192,197. 2789: 2767:Congregationalists 2761:. Puritans became 2674:King James Version 2659:Millenary Petition 2655: 2634:Church of Scotland 2554: 2464:Francis Walsingham 2412: 2401:medieval canon law 2396:Heinrich Bullinger 2122:Salem witch trials 2067:Grand Remonstrance 2062:Millenary Petition 2017:Cambridge Platform 1942:Puritan work ethic 1872:English Dissenters 1625: 1463:Second Commandment 1416: 1362: 1042: 903: 900:opening Parliament 898:Queen Elizabeth I 757:transubstantiation 649: 645:Philip II of Spain 539:re-introduced the 407:Prayer Book Crisis 284:King James Version 266:Millenary Petition 161:Forty-two Articles 148:Edwardine Ordinals 40: 8720: 8719: 8583:Christian liturgy 8270:Blessed Sacrament 8217:Anglican Breviary 8189:Anglo-Catholicism 8132: 7821: 7694:Sacramental bread 7480:Voluntary (music) 7232:Sign of the cross 7212:Processional hymn 7207:Priestly Blessing 7060:Banns of marriage 6880: 6867: 6859: 6846: 6792: 6791: 6769:Eastern Orthodoxy 6637:Finnish Awakening 6592:Holiness movement 6533:Congregationalism 6492: 6491: 6352:Metrical psalters 5789:Eastern Orthodoxy 5733:Neo-Scholasticism 5440:Canon development 5341:Jewish Christians 5041:978-0-300-12628-0 4983:Sternhold, Thomas 4937:978-0-19-529756-0 4776:978-0-19-529756-0 4633:978-0-313-31713-2 4612:978-0-19-529756-0 4566:978-0-19-822162-3 4542:978-0-19-529756-0 4505:978-0-300-10828-6 4467:978-0-521-67800-1 4243:, pp. 49–50. 4195:, pp. 47–51. 4183:, pp. 43–47. 4111:, pp. 35–47. 4039:, pp. 30–31. 3603:See the entry on 2732:English Civil War 2681:Lancelot Andrewes 2603:Martin Marprelate 2584:Matthew Sutcliffe 2510:Thomas Cartwright 2456:Earl of Leicester 2416:sign of the cross 2388:Reformed churches 2378: 2377: 2339:Reformed churches 2333: 2147:Half-Way Covenant 2072:English Civil War 2057:Martin Marprelate 2012:Savoy Declaration 1667:Catholic Church. 1507:were replaced by 1398:altar tabernacles 1348:Royal injunctions 1263:and the absentee 1200:Patrick Collinson 1151:sacramental bread 977:Oath of Supremacy 927:Edwardine Ordinal 905:When the Queen's 851:Sir William Cecil 835:Westminster Abbey 702:Christopher Haigh 678:Church of England 615:English Civil War 451: 450: 68:Westminster Abbey 38:Queen Elizabeth I 16:(Redirected from 8780: 8710: 8709: 8662:Reformed worship 8652:Paschal greeting 8635:Ornaments Rubric 8513:Passion of Jesus 8471:Ex opere operato 8413:Host desecration 8383:Church etiquette 8125:Pentecost Season 8122: 7815: 7738:Liturgical books 7470:Metrical psalter 7417:Ten Commandments 7400:Holy, Holy, Holy 7252:Athanasian Creed 7217:Recessional hymn 6911:Christian burial 6878: 6865: 6857: 6844: 6825:Anglican liturgy 6819: 6812: 6805: 6796: 6795: 6211: 6210: 5598:Non-Chalcedonian 5579:Constantinople I 5371:General epistles 5366:Pauline epistles 5346:Paul the Apostle 5324:Great Commission 5142: 5135: 5128: 5119: 5118: 5097: 5075: 5045: 5024: 5015: 4992: 4978: 4941: 4916: 4904: 4884: 4859: 4847: 4828: 4804: 4780: 4755: 4731: 4725: 4717: 4680: 4659: 4637: 4616: 4591: 4570: 4546: 4521: 4509: 4497: 4483: 4471: 4450: 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827:elevate the host 819:1549 prayer book 780:religious images 568:Book of Homilies 443: 436: 429: 367:Nonjuring schism 349:Savoy Conference 309:Caroline Divines 65: 42: 41: 21: 8788: 8787: 8783: 8782: 8781: 8779: 8778: 8777: 8773:Elizabethan era 8738:1559 in England 8733:1558 in England 8723: 8722: 8721: 8716: 8704: 8696: 8640:Oxford Movement 8573:Canonical hours 8536: 8517:salvific nature 8508:Paschal mystery 8465:Blood of Christ 8442: 8356: 8250:Anglican Missal 8207:Altar of repose 8191: 8183: 8174:Lesser Festival 8159:Principal Feast 8136:All Saints' Day 8076:Paschal Triduum 7950: 7948:Liturgical year 7942: 7807: 7759:Sunday Services 7732: 7573:communion table 7557: 7484: 7475:Service (music) 7445:Fraction anthem 7421: 7101:Apostles' Creed 7081: 7017:Solemn Collects 6856:Evening Prayer 6843:Morning Prayer 6826: 6823: 6793: 6788: 6738: 6725:Christian right 6627:Oxford Movement 6602:Restorationists 6573: 6488: 6421: 6356: 6307:Presbyterianism 6278: 6258:Book of Concord 6209: 6133: 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C. 4902: 4881: 4844: 4825: 4801: 4785:Marshall, Peter 4777: 4752: 4719: 4718: 4677: 4656: 4634: 4613: 4588: 4567: 4543: 4506: 4468: 4436: 4417: 4412: 4404: 4400: 4392: 4388: 4382:MacCulloch 2001 4380: 4376: 4370:MacCulloch 2001 4368: 4364: 4356: 4349: 4341: 4337: 4329: 4325: 4317: 4313: 4305: 4301: 4293: 4289: 4281: 4277: 4269: 4262: 4254: 4247: 4239: 4235: 4227: 4223: 4215: 4211: 4203: 4199: 4193:MacCulloch 2001 4191: 4187: 4181:MacCulloch 2001 4179: 4175: 4169:MacCulloch 2001 4167: 4163: 4157:MacCulloch 2001 4155: 4151: 4145:MacCulloch 2001 4143: 4139: 4133:MacCulloch 2001 4131: 4127: 4121:MacCulloch 2001 4119: 4115: 4109:MacCulloch 2001 4107: 4103: 4095: 4091: 4083: 4079: 4073:MacCulloch 2001 4071: 4067: 4059: 4055: 4049:MacCulloch 2001 4047: 4043: 4037:MacCulloch 2001 4035: 4031: 4023: 4019: 4011: 4007: 3999: 3992: 3986:MacCulloch 2001 3984: 3977: 3969: 3965: 3957: 3953: 3945: 3938: 3930: 3926: 3918: 3914: 3906: 3902: 3894: 3890: 3882: 3875: 3867: 3863: 3855: 3851: 3843: 3836: 3828: 3824: 3816: 3812: 3806:MacCulloch 2001 3804: 3797: 3789: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3765: 3761: 3753: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3726: 3722: 3714: 3710: 3702: 3698: 3690: 3686: 3678: 3674: 3668:Williamson 2018 3666: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3630: 3626: 3618: 3614: 3602: 3598: 3590: 3586: 3578: 3574: 3566: 3562: 3554: 3550: 3542: 3538: 3532:MacCulloch 2005 3530: 3526: 3518: 3511: 3503: 3499: 3491: 3487: 3479: 3475: 3467: 3463: 3455: 3451: 3447:, pp. 3–4. 3443: 3439: 3431: 3427: 3419: 3408: 3399: 3395: 3389:MacCulloch 2001 3387: 3380: 3374:MacCulloch 2001 3372: 3368: 3351: 3347: 3339: 3332: 3324: 3317: 3309: 3305: 3297: 3290: 3282: 3278: 3270: 3261: 3253: 3249: 3241: 3234: 3226: 3219: 3211: 3207: 3199: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3163: 3159: 3151: 3144: 3136: 3132: 3124: 3120: 3112: 3108: 3100: 3096: 3088: 3081: 3073: 3066: 3060:MacCulloch 2005 3058: 3049: 3043:MacCulloch 2001 3041: 3034: 3028:MacCulloch 2005 3026: 3022: 3014: 3010: 3002: 2998: 2990: 2986: 2978: 2974: 2966: 2962: 2954: 2950: 2944:MacCulloch 2001 2942: 2938: 2932:MacCulloch 1996 2930: 2926: 2918: 2914: 2906: 2902: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2870: 2863: 2828: 2689:burning incense 2626: 2616: 2592:Hadrian Saravia 2504:. In November, 2479:stranger church 2468:Earl of Warwick 2384: 2374: 2345: 2344: 2343: 2320: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2277: 2269: 2268: 2267: 2263:Robert Woodford 2238:Increase Mather 2228:Anne Hutchinson 2213:Oliver Cromwell 2203:Anne Bradstreet 2182: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2158: 2157: 2156: 2106: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2031: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2001: 1993: 1992: 1991: 1961: 1953: 1952: 1951: 1911: 1903: 1902: 1901: 1826: 1818: 1778: 1739:English College 1631: 1617: 1600: 1560: 1554: 1495:metrical psalms 1488: 1350: 1257:Anthony Kitchin 1245: 1240: 1193:reformed Zurich 1168: 1052: 1044:Main articles: 1031: 1018:by the Crown's 968: 962: 935:papal supremacy 923:royal supremacy 915:Lords Spiritual 892: 887: 823:Owen Oglethorpe 810: 790:, statues) and 759:; instead, the 682:Catholic Church 655: 637: 557:. In 1571, the 512:, becoming the 506:Catholic Church 447: 418: 417: 416: 397:Oxford Movement 381: 373: 372: 371: 333: 325: 324: 323: 298: 290: 289: 288: 250: 242: 241: 240: 187: 177: 176: 175: 119: 109: 108: 107: 82: 74: 30: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8786: 8776: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8718: 8717: 8715: 8714: 8701: 8698: 8697: 8695: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8682:Thomas Cranmer 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8620:Latitudinarian 8617: 8612: 8611: 8610: 8605: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8544: 8542: 8538: 8537: 8535: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8510: 8505: 8495: 8490: 8483: 8481:means of grace 8474: 8467: 8458: 8452: 8450: 8444: 8443: 8441: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8423:Open communion 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8377:Versus populum 8366: 8364: 8358: 8357: 8355: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8297:English Missal 8294: 8289: 8284: 8283: 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7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7565: 7563: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7504: 7503: 7492: 7490: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7435:Anglican chant 7431: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7403: 7402: 7397: 7387: 7382: 7381: 7380: 7375: 7365: 7360: 7358:Holy Communion 7355: 7350: 7345: 7343:Bidding-prayer 7340: 7339: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7308: 7304: 7303: 7296: 7291: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7245: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7198: 7197: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7176: 7175: 7170: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7114: 7113: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7089: 7087: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7068: 7067: 7062: 7052: 7051: 7050: 7049: 7048: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7025: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7013: 7012: 6997: 6996: 6995: 6985: 6980: 6969: 6964: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6936: 6935: 6925: 6920: 6919: 6918: 6908: 6907: 6906: 6904:Minor exorcism 6896: 6891: 6886: 6882: 6881: 6870: 6869: 6861: 6853: 6848: 6840: 6834: 6832: 6828: 6827: 6822: 6821: 6814: 6807: 6799: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6760: 6759: 6754: 6743: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6736: 6731: 6722: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6690:Pentecostalism 6687: 6685:Jesus movement 6682: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6583: 6581: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6571: 6562: 6561: 6560: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6524: 6523: 6513: 6508: 6502: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6486: 6479: 6476:Martyrs Mirror 6472: 6467: 6462: 6460:Martyrs' Synod 6457: 6452: 6450:Swiss Brethren 6447: 6442: 6437: 6431: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6419: 6414: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6366: 6364: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6288: 6286: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6254: 6249: 6248: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6219: 6217: 6208: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6195:Law and Gospel 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6171: 6170: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6139: 6137: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6121: 6120: 6119: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6083: 6082: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5986: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5950: 5949: 5948: 5947: 5946: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5900: 5898: 5892: 5891: 5889: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5876:Ottoman Empire 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5827: 5826: 5821: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5785: 5783: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5766: 5765: 5764: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5690: 5689: 5688: 5687: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5636: 5635: 5630: 5619: 5617: 5611: 5610: 5608: 5607: 5605:Biblical canon 5602: 5601: 5600: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5560: 5559: 5554: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5528: 5527: 5516: 5514: 5506:Late antiquity 5502: 5501: 5499: 5498: 5493: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5454:Church Fathers 5447: 5442: 5437: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5394: 5392: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5380: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5327: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5296: 5290: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5177: 5175: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5145: 5144: 5137: 5130: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5110: 5103: 5102:External links 5100: 5099: 5098: 5076: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5046: 5040: 5025: 5016: 5010: 4993: 4979: 4967:10.1086/343369 4959:10.1086/343369 4942: 4936: 4917: 4915:. Grove Books. 4905: 4900: 4885: 4879: 4860: 4848: 4842: 4829: 4824:978-0819214065 4823: 4805: 4800:978-0300170627 4799: 4781: 4775: 4756: 4751:978-0521793872 4750: 4736:Maltby, Judith 4732: 4681: 4676:978-0333921395 4675: 4660: 4654: 4638: 4632: 4617: 4611: 4592: 4586: 4571: 4565: 4547: 4541: 4522: 4510: 4504: 4484: 4476:Dickens, A. G. 4472: 4466: 4451: 4440: 4434: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4410: 4398: 4386: 4374: 4362: 4360:, p. 236. 4347: 4335: 4333:, p. 235. 4323: 4311: 4299: 4287: 4275: 4260: 4245: 4233: 4221: 4209: 4197: 4185: 4173: 4161: 4149: 4137: 4125: 4113: 4101: 4099:, p. 506. 4089: 4087:, p. 505. 4077: 4065: 4063:, p. 504. 4053: 4041: 4029: 4017: 4015:, p. 479. 4005: 3990: 3975: 3973:, p. 266. 3963: 3961:, p. 263. 3951: 3949:, p. 262. 3936: 3934:, p. 261. 3924: 3922:, p. 495. 3912: 3900: 3898:, p. 465. 3888: 3886:, p. 259. 3873: 3871:, p. 256. 3861: 3859:, p. 255. 3849: 3847:, p. 254. 3834: 3822: 3820:, p. 253. 3810: 3795: 3783: 3781:, p. 291. 3771: 3759: 3757:, p. 252. 3744: 3732: 3730:, p. 500. 3720: 3708: 3706:, p. 229. 3704:Quitslund 2016 3696: 3692:Sternhold 1705 3684: 3672: 3670:, p. 421. 3660: 3648: 3636: 3624: 3622:, p. 123. 3612: 3596: 3584: 3582:, p. 443. 3572: 3560: 3558:, p. 452. 3548: 3546:, p. 244. 3536: 3524: 3522:, p. 445. 3509: 3507:, p. 444. 3497: 3495:, p. 440. 3485: 3483:, p. 438. 3473: 3461: 3449: 3437: 3435:, p. 109. 3425: 3423:, p. 242. 3406: 3393: 3378: 3366: 3354:Ratcliff (1980 3345: 3330: 3328:, p. 434. 3315: 3303: 3301:, p. 241. 3288: 3286:, p. 432. 3276: 3274:, p. 433. 3259: 3247: 3245:, p. 430. 3232: 3230:, p. 240. 3217: 3215:, p. 428. 3205: 3193: 3191:, p. 427. 3181: 3179:, p. 426. 3169: 3167:, p. 199. 3157: 3155:, p. 239. 3142: 3130: 3128:, p. 419. 3118: 3116:, p. 238. 3106: 3104:, p. 200. 3094: 3092:, p. 425. 3079: 3077:, p. 423. 3064: 3047: 3032: 3020: 3008: 2996: 2994:, p. 458. 2984: 2982:, p. 348. 2972: 2960: 2958:, p. 475. 2948: 2946:, p. 112. 2936: 2934:, p. 210. 2924: 2922:, p. 308. 2912: 2910:, p. 181. 2900: 2898:, p. 168. 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2875: 2860: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2827: 2824: 2820:latitudinarian 2802:Richard Hooker 2759:Great Ejection 2709:Arminian party 2701:Church Fathers 2685:predestination 2615: 2612: 2475:4th Parliament 2460:Walter Mildmay 2439:Advertisements 2380:Main article: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2372: 2365: 2358: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2342: 2341: 2335: 2322: 2321: 2318: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2308: 2301: 2294: 2287: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2253:Roger Williams 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2184: 2183: 2178: 2177: 2174: 2173: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2108: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2094: 2089: 2087:Great Ejection 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2033: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2003: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1995: 1994: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1950: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1910:Crucial themes 1909: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1900: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1828: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1804: 1796: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1777: 1774: 1697:excommunicated 1652:Thomas Harding 1616: 1613: 1599: 1596: 1553: 1550: 1487: 1484: 1386:Richard Davies 1382:Thomas Bentham 1349: 1346: 1316:William Barlow 1292:Edmund Grindal 1276:Matthew Parker 1265:Thomas Stanley 1244: 1241: 1239: 1238:Implementation 1236: 1216:Paul C. H. Lim 1167: 1164: 1038:Thomas Cranmer 1030: 1027: 993:Thomas Sampson 964:Main article: 961: 958: 911:House of Lords 891: 888: 886: 883: 867:English Litany 809: 806: 723:by performing 719:towards their 651:Main article: 636: 633: 449: 448: 446: 445: 438: 431: 423: 420: 419: 415: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 383: 382: 379: 378: 375: 374: 370: 369: 364: 362:Great Ejection 359: 351: 346: 341: 335: 334: 331: 330: 327: 326: 322: 321: 316: 311: 306: 300: 299: 296: 295: 292: 291: 287: 286: 281: 273: 268: 263: 258: 252: 251: 248: 247: 244: 243: 239: 238: 233: 228: 226:Richard Hooker 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 189: 188: 183: 182: 179: 178: 174: 173: 168: 163: 158: 150: 145: 137: 135:Thomas Cranmer 132: 127: 121: 120: 115: 114: 111: 110: 106: 105: 100: 95: 90: 84: 83: 80: 79: 76: 75: 66: 58: 57: 51: 50: 28: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8785: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8702: 8699: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8647: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8615:John Merbecke 8613: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8600: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8588:Churchmanship 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8539: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8522:Real presence 8520: 8518: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8503: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8488: 8484: 8482: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8472: 8468: 8466: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8453: 8451: 8449: 8445: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8378: 8373: 8372: 8368: 8367: 8365: 8363: 8359: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8307:Hymns to Mary 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8272: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8244: 8243: 8239: 8237: 8236: 8232: 8230: 8229: 8225: 8224: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8199: 8197: 8195: 8190: 8186: 8180: 8179:Commemoration 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8156: 8151: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8133: 8130: 8126: 8121: 8120: 8116: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8103: 8102: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8089: 8088:Holy Saturday 8085: 8081: 8080:Holy Thursday 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8068: 8067: 8066: 8062: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8042:Ash Wednesday 8040: 8039: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8025: 8021: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8003: 8002: 8001: 7997: 7993: 7992:Midnight Mass 7990: 7988: 7985: 7984: 7983: 7982: 7981:Christmastide 7978: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7968:Advent Sunday 7966: 7965: 7964: 7963: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7954: 7949: 7945: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7819: 7814: 7810: 7804: 7801: 7797: 7794: 7793: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7781: 7777: 7775: 7774: 7770: 7768: 7767: 7763: 7761: 7760: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7748: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7735: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7629:Communion cup 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7575: 7574: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7560: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7502: 7499: 7498: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7487: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7432: 7430: 7428: 7424: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7407:Sign of peace 7405: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7392: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7313: 7312: 7309: 7306: 7305: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7289: 7288:Phos hilarion 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7277:Nunc dimittis 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248:Divine Office 7247: 7246: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7191: 7190:Lord's Prayer 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7112: 7109: 7108: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7084: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7056: 7053: 7047: 7046: 7042: 7041: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7011: 7008: 7007: 7006: 7003: 7002: 7001: 6998: 6994: 6991: 6990: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6962: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6934: 6931: 6930: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6917: 6914: 6913: 6912: 6909: 6905: 6902: 6901: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6889:Advent wreath 6887: 6884: 6883: 6877: 6876: 6872: 6871: 6868: 6864:Night Prayer 6862: 6860: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6829: 6820: 6815: 6813: 6808: 6806: 6801: 6800: 6797: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6779:Protestantism 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6749: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6741: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6726: 6723: 6720: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6680: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6652:Azusa Revival 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6632:Laestadianism 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6576: 6570: 6569:Old Lutherans 6566: 6563: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6522: 6519: 6518: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6495: 6485: 6484: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6424: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6412: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6359: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6281: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6259: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6235:Diet of Worms 6233: 6231: 6230: 6226: 6225: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6216: 6212: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6169: 6166: 6165: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6136: 6135:Protestantism 6130: 6126: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5955: 5954: 5951: 5945: 5942: 5941: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5921: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5893: 5887: 5886:North America 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5816: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5776: 5770: 5767: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5758: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5662: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5624: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5612: 5606: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5592: 5591: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5549: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5526: 5523: 5522: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5507: 5503: 5497: 5496:Early African 5494: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5479:Justin Martyr 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5385: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5301: 5300: 5299:Life of Jesus 5297: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5287:Apostolic Age 5283: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5157: 5154: 5150: 5143: 5138: 5136: 5131: 5129: 5124: 5123: 5120: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5086: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5064: 5059: 5055: 5054: 5043: 5037: 5033: 5032: 5026: 5022: 5017: 5013: 5011:9780511675874 5007: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4990: 4989: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4943: 4939: 4933: 4929: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4903: 4901:9781409440307 4897: 4894:, Routledge, 4893: 4892: 4886: 4882: 4880:9780861932726 4876: 4872: 4868: 4867: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4843:0-87243-139-8 4839: 4835: 4830: 4826: 4820: 4816: 4815: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4796: 4792: 4791: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4772: 4768: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4753: 4747: 4743: 4742: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4723: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4682: 4678: 4672: 4668: 4667: 4661: 4657: 4655:9780300226577 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4629: 4625: 4624: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4589: 4587:9781315551388 4583: 4579: 4578: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4558: 4557: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4538: 4534: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4496: 4495: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4463: 4459: 4458: 4452: 4448: 4447: 4446:Great Service 4441: 4437: 4435:9780199740871 4431: 4427: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4408:, p. 403 4407: 4402: 4396:, p. 94. 4395: 4390: 4384:, p. 86. 4383: 4378: 4372:, p. 85. 4371: 4366: 4359: 4354: 4352: 4345:, p. 92. 4344: 4339: 4332: 4327: 4321:, p. 27. 4320: 4315: 4309:, p. 54. 4308: 4303: 4297:, p. 61. 4296: 4291: 4285:, p. 89. 4284: 4279: 4273:, p. 88. 4272: 4267: 4265: 4258:, p. 50. 4257: 4252: 4250: 4242: 4237: 4231:, p. 49. 4230: 4225: 4218: 4213: 4207:, p. 48. 4206: 4201: 4194: 4189: 4182: 4177: 4171:, p. 42. 4170: 4165: 4159:, p. 41. 4158: 4153: 4147:, p. 50. 4146: 4141: 4135:, p. 38. 4134: 4129: 4123:, p. 43. 4122: 4117: 4110: 4105: 4098: 4097:Marshall 2017 4093: 4086: 4085:Marshall 2017 4081: 4075:, p. 33. 4074: 4069: 4062: 4061:Marshall 2017 4057: 4051:, p. 48. 4050: 4045: 4038: 4033: 4026: 4025:Marshall 2017 4021: 4014: 4013:Marshall 2017 4009: 4003:, p. 47. 4002: 3997: 3995: 3988:, p. 28. 3987: 3982: 3980: 3972: 3967: 3960: 3955: 3948: 3943: 3941: 3933: 3928: 3921: 3920:Marshall 2017 3916: 3909: 3908:Marshall 2017 3904: 3897: 3896:Marshall 2017 3892: 3885: 3880: 3878: 3870: 3865: 3858: 3853: 3846: 3841: 3839: 3831: 3830:Marshall 2017 3826: 3819: 3814: 3808:, p. 30. 3807: 3802: 3800: 3793:, p. 11. 3792: 3787: 3780: 3775: 3768: 3767:Marshall 2017 3763: 3756: 3751: 3749: 3741: 3740:Marshall 2017 3736: 3729: 3728:Marshall 2017 3724: 3717: 3712: 3705: 3700: 3693: 3688: 3682:, p. 39. 3681: 3676: 3669: 3664: 3658:, p. 33. 3657: 3652: 3646:, p. 28. 3645: 3640: 3634:, p. 86. 3633: 3628: 3621: 3616: 3610: 3606: 3600: 3593: 3588: 3581: 3580:Marshall 2017 3576: 3569: 3564: 3557: 3556:Marshall 2017 3552: 3545: 3540: 3534:, p. 26. 3533: 3528: 3521: 3520:Marshall 2017 3516: 3514: 3506: 3505:Marshall 2017 3501: 3494: 3493:Marshall 2017 3489: 3482: 3481:Marshall 2017 3477: 3470: 3469:Marshall 2017 3465: 3458: 3457:Marshall 2017 3453: 3446: 3441: 3434: 3429: 3422: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3403: 3397: 3391:, p. 27. 3390: 3385: 3383: 3376:, p. 26. 3375: 3370: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3349: 3343:, p. 61. 3342: 3337: 3335: 3327: 3326:Marshall 2017 3322: 3320: 3312: 3307: 3300: 3295: 3293: 3285: 3284:Marshall 2017 3280: 3273: 3272:Marshall 2017 3268: 3266: 3264: 3256: 3255:Marshall 2017 3251: 3244: 3243:Marshall 2017 3239: 3237: 3229: 3224: 3222: 3214: 3213:Marshall 2017 3209: 3202: 3197: 3190: 3189:Marshall 2017 3185: 3178: 3177:Marshall 2017 3173: 3166: 3161: 3154: 3149: 3147: 3139: 3138:Marshall 2017 3134: 3127: 3126:Marshall 2017 3122: 3115: 3110: 3103: 3098: 3091: 3090:Marshall 2017 3086: 3084: 3076: 3075:Marshall 2017 3071: 3069: 3062:, p. 88. 3061: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3045:, p. 25. 3044: 3039: 3037: 3030:, p. 89. 3029: 3024: 3017: 3012: 3005: 3000: 2993: 2988: 2981: 2980:Marshall 2017 2976: 2970:, p. 12. 2969: 2964: 2957: 2952: 2945: 2940: 2933: 2928: 2921: 2920:Marshall 2017 2916: 2909: 2904: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2873: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2809: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2794: 2787: 2782: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2771:Presbyterians 2768: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2740: 2739: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2693:Richard Neile 2690: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2664: 2660: 2651: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2640: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2621: 2620:Stuart period 2611: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2595: 2593: 2589: 2588:Thomas Bilson 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2567: 2564: 2559: 2550: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2518:John Whitgift 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2486:Thomas Wilcox 2482: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2442: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2408: 2404: 2402: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2383: 2371: 2366: 2364: 2359: 2357: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2348: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2316: 2315: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2300: 2299: 2298:Paradise Lost 2295: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2286: 2285: 2281: 2280: 2273: 2272: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2258:John Winthrop 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2248:Thomas Parker 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2233:Cotton Mather 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2218:John Endecott 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2188:Peter Bulkley 2186: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2175: 2170: 2162: 2161: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2102: 2101: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2047:Marian exiles 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2027: 2026: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2004: 1997: 1996: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1957: 1956: 1948: 1947:Merton thesis 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1937:Puritan choir 1935: 1933: 1932:Millennialism 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1922:Impropriation 1920: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1907: 1906: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1882:Nonconformism 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1837:Protestantism 1835: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1822: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1781: 1773: 1769: 1767: 1762: 1761: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1690:In 1569, the 1688: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1660:William Allen 1657: 1656:Richard Smyth 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1630: 1621: 1612: 1610: 1609:Judith Maltby 1604: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1586: 1580: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1559: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1518:Great Service 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1492: 1483: 1480: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1414: 1409: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1396:, images and 1395: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1359: 1354: 1345: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1288:Marian exiles 1285: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1270: 1269:Sodor and Man 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1249:Cardinal Pole 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1224:church choirs 1221: 1217: 1213: 1210:. Historians 1209: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1189: 1185: 1180: 1177: 1173: 1172:Puritan Choir 1163: 1161: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1051: 1047: 1039: 1035: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1000: 998: 994: 990: 986: 980: 978: 974: 967: 957: 955: 951: 947: 942: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 901: 896: 882: 880: 876: 872: 868: 862: 860: 856: 855:Privy Council 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 805: 803: 799: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 766:promoted the 765: 764: 758: 754: 750: 749:Real Presence 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 705: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 654: 646: 641: 632: 630: 626: 625: 620: 616: 611: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 572: 570: 569: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 543: 538: 534: 530: 526: 521: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 482: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 444: 439: 437: 432: 430: 425: 424: 422: 421: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 384: 377: 376: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 356: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 329: 328: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 301: 294: 293: 285: 282: 280: 278: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 253: 246: 245: 237: 234: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 195: 191: 190: 186: 181: 180: 172: 171:Marian exiles 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 155: 151: 149: 146: 144: 142: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 122: 118: 113: 112: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 85: 78: 77: 73: 69: 64: 60: 59: 56: 53: 52: 48: 44: 43: 36: 32: 27: 19: 8644: 8602: 8527:Receptionism 8485: 8469: 8456:Black Rubric 8408:Genuflection 8375: 8369: 8302:Humeral veil 8240: 8233: 8226: 8222:Anglican Use 8128: 8124: 8117: 8098: 8063: 8034: 8022: 8000:Epiphanytide 7998: 7979: 7960: 7778: 7771: 7764: 7757: 7745: 7728:Wedding ring 7501:altar server 7489:Participants 7465:Mass (music) 7363:Nicene Creed 7298: 7286: 7043: 7039:Easter Vigil 7010:for the Jews 6993:Foot washing 6959: 6940:Consecration 6928:Confirmation 6873: 6838:Daily Office 6695:Charismatics 6678: 6657:Gospel music 6587:Camp meeting 6579:1789–present 6511:Missionaries 6481: 6474: 6465:Menno Simons 6409: 6405:Church music 6384: 6256: 6227: 6112:Conciliarism 6097:Papal Schism 5939:Scandinavian 5831:Great Schism 5809:Nestorianism 5781:Christianity 5713:priest holes 5594:Chalcedonian 5557:Christianity 5511:Great Church 5319:Resurrection 5084: 5062: 5030: 5020: 5001: 4987: 4950: 4946: 4925: 4912: 4890: 4865: 4855: 4833: 4813: 4789: 4764: 4740: 4722:cite journal 4689: 4685: 4665: 4645: 4622: 4600: 4576: 4555: 4530: 4517: 4514:Dix, Gregory 4493: 4488:Duffy, Eamon 4479: 4456: 4445: 4424: 4415:Bibliography 4406:Dickens 1967 4401: 4394:Gregory 2006 4389: 4377: 4365: 4338: 4326: 4314: 4302: 4295:Hefling 2006 4290: 4278: 4236: 4224: 4219:, p. 6. 4212: 4200: 4188: 4176: 4164: 4152: 4140: 4128: 4116: 4104: 4092: 4080: 4068: 4056: 4044: 4032: 4020: 4008: 3966: 3954: 3927: 3915: 3903: 3891: 3864: 3852: 3825: 3813: 3786: 3774: 3762: 3735: 3723: 3711: 3699: 3694:, p. 1. 3687: 3675: 3663: 3651: 3639: 3627: 3615: 3608: 3607:in the 1911 3599: 3587: 3575: 3563: 3551: 3539: 3527: 3500: 3488: 3476: 3464: 3452: 3440: 3428: 3396: 3369: 3357: 3348: 3341:Moorman 1983 3306: 3279: 3250: 3208: 3196: 3184: 3172: 3165:Moorman 1973 3160: 3133: 3121: 3109: 3102:Moorman 1973 3097: 3023: 3016:Moorman 1973 3011: 2999: 2987: 2975: 2968:Winship 2018 2963: 2951: 2939: 2927: 2915: 2903: 2896:Moorman 1973 2891: 2813: 2810: 2806: 2796:writes that 2790: 2743: 2736: 2724:William Laud 2717: 2711:, but their 2678: 2668: 2656: 2637: 2627: 2598: 2596: 2580:John Bridges 2572:service book 2568: 2563:conservative 2562: 2555: 2539:presbyteries 2534:Admonition's 2533: 2522:pamphlet war 2505: 2493: 2483: 2472: 2445: 2443: 2424:wedding ring 2413: 2385: 2303: 2296: 2289: 2282: 2142:Praying town 2091: 1877:Independents 1832:Christianity 1806: 1770: 1759: 1755: 1734: 1727: 1719:Ridolfi plot 1704: 1689: 1669: 1632: 1605: 1601: 1591:receptionist 1583: 1581: 1561: 1545: 1539: 1516: 1513:William Byrd 1498: 1489: 1479:Churchwarden 1475: 1459:Chapel Royal 1452: 1448:east to west 1440:stone altars 1432: 1424:Rogationtide 1417: 1390: 1378:Thomas Becon 1374:Robert Horne 1363: 1339: 1338:for writing 1273: 1246: 1197: 1181: 1169: 1148: 1116: 1108:Black Rubric 1103: 1097: 1053: 1024: 1001: 997:Marian exile 981: 969: 954:royal assent 943: 904: 874: 863: 831:consecration 811: 800: 770:teaching of 762: 706: 686:supreme head 656: 622: 612: 596:presbyterian 573: 566: 561:adopted the 540: 522: 483: 454: 452: 354: 276: 193: 184: 153: 140: 67: 31: 26: 8748:Anglicanism 8672:Rood screen 8548:Agape feast 8502:Last Supper 8371:Ad orientem 8337:Roman Canon 8312:Last Gospel 8280:Benediction 8141:Kingdomtide 8129:Trinitytide 8127:instead of 8119:Trinitytide 8084:Good Friday 8071:Palm Sunday 8057:Passiontide 7893:Geneva gown 7868:Choir dress 7853:Cassock-alb 7654:Evangeliary 7615:Aspergillum 7578:Antependium 7180:Let us pray 7153:Lamb of God 7111:O Antiphons 6983:Chrism Mass 6923:Commination 6784:Catholicism 6721:Protestants 6715:Evangelical 6390:39 Articles 6385:Elizabethan 6362:Anglicanism 6342:Westminster 6252:Melanchthon 6215:Lutheranism 6180:Nicodemites 6158:Arminianism 6129:Reformation 6070:Bonaventure 6045:Inquisition 6040:Waldensians 5990:Investiture 5968:Kievan Rus' 5924:Anglo-Saxon 5904:Pelagianism 5896:Middle Ages 5819:Iconodulism 5694:Thomas More 5615:Catholicism 5537:Monasticism 5520:Constantine 5445:Persecution 5403:Adoptionism 5388:Ante-Nicene 5331:Holy Spirit 5314:Crucifixion 5285:Origins and 5186:2nd and 3rd 4852:Neale, John 4358:Maltby 1998 4343:Maltby 2006 4331:Maltby 1998 4319:Bremer 2009 4307:Spinks 2006 4283:Maltby 2006 4271:Maltby 2006 4256:Spinks 2006 4241:Spinks 2006 4229:Spinks 2006 4217:Newton 2005 4205:Spinks 2006 4001:Spinks 2006 3791:Maltby 1998 3656:Harley 2010 3644:Harley 2010 3402:Neale (1953 3360:, and also 2798:Anglicanism 2746:Restoration 2713:high church 2530:soteriology 2452:separatists 2392:John Calvin 2243:James Noyes 2208:John Cotton 2193:John Bunyan 2000:Confessions 1862:Arminianism 1857:Anglicanism 1842:Reformation 1807:The Puritan 1711:John Felton 1640:archdeacons 1527:impressment 1413:Shotteswell 1332:John Calvin 1300:Richard Cox 1280:Anne Boleyn 1226:, a formal 1212:John Coffey 1198:Historians 1176:J. E. Neale 1160:memorialism 1127:regnal year 985:John Calvin 939:sacrificial 885:Legislation 873:, the 1552 747:. Christ's 658:Elizabeth I 619:Restoration 600:high church 490:Protestants 479:Anglicanism 463:Elizabeth I 8727:Categories 8677:Sarum Rite 8418:Intinction 8327:Monstrance 8202:Altar bell 8100:Eastertide 7818:Pontifical 7791:Lectionary 7713:Tabernacle 7664:Holy water 7272:Magnificat 7267:Invitatory 7222:Responsory 7123:Confession 7077:Ordination 7022:Reproaches 6974:liturgies 6885:Occasional 6866:(Compline) 6506:Revivalism 6427:Anabaptism 6375:Henry VIII 6200:Literature 5824:Iconoclasm 5804:Chrysostom 5757:Vatican II 5723:Jansenists 5709:Mass rocks 5645:Lateran IV 5564:Athanasius 5484:Tertullian 5428:Marcionism 5423:Gnosticism 5376:Revelation 5294:Background 5080:Gee, Henry 5072:1182585959 4482:. Fontana. 3971:Haigh 1993 3959:Haigh 1993 3947:Haigh 1993 3932:Haigh 1993 3884:Haigh 1993 3869:Haigh 1993 3857:Haigh 1993 3845:Haigh 1993 3818:Haigh 1993 3779:Haigh 1993 3755:Haigh 1993 3592:Haigh 1993 3568:Haigh 1993 3544:Haigh 1993 3433:Spurr 2002 3421:Haigh 1993 3362:Dix (1948) 3311:Haigh 1993 3299:Haigh 1993 3228:Haigh 1993 3201:Haigh 1993 3153:Haigh 1993 3114:Haigh 1993 3004:Duffy 2005 2992:Duffy 2005 2956:Duffy 2005 2908:Haigh 1993 2879:References 2763:dissenters 2728:Laudianism 2492:published 2490:John Field 1825:Background 1776:Puritanism 1743:Valladolid 1715:John Story 1684:Nicodemism 1572:Anabaptist 1471:royal arms 1467:rood lofts 1366:visitation 1324:John Scory 1320:Chichester 1308:John Jewel 1284:Nicodemite 1220:cathedrals 1204:bishoprics 1083:was never 1069:Winchester 941:offering. 877:, and the 843:procession 796:iconoclasm 776:veneration 725:good works 694:Protestant 662:Henry VIII 635:Background 629:low church 592:episcopacy 529:Parliament 494:Henry VIII 314:Laudianism 70:(1749) by 8403:Headcover 8275:Adoration 8111:Pentecost 8106:Ascension 8065:Holy Week 8016:Candlemas 7987:Christmas 7938:Zucchetto 7813:Vestments 7368:Offertory 7321:Epiclesis 7316:Anamnesis 7307:Eucharist 7086:Structure 6972:Holy Week 6933:Catechism 6875:Eucharist 6845:(Mattins) 6672:Ecumenism 6622:Adventism 6612:Mormonism 6548:Millerism 6543:Methodism 6498:1640–1789 6400:Civil War 6347:Orthodoxy 6302:Huguenots 6284:Calvinism 6269:Eucharist 6264:Orthodoxy 6148:Eucharist 6080:Five Ways 6030:Dulcinian 5983:Pomerania 5909:Gregory I 5753:Vatican I 5743:Modernism 5728:Molinists 5718:Guadalupe 5589:Chalcedon 5584:Ephesus I 5574:Augustine 5450:Apostolic 5433:Montanism 5398:Diversity 5174:Centuries 5094:559639008 4975:142464028 4714:162188544 3680:Lord 2003 3632:Lord 2003 3620:Byrd 1922 2884:Citations 2815:via media 2720:Charles I 2705:free will 2434:adiaphora 2165:Elsewhere 1852:Calvinism 1672:recusants 1598:Reception 1446:oriented 1358:Jacobstow 1336:John Knox 1312:Salisbury 1251:, Mary's 1208:deaneries 1123:vestments 1075:. Bishop 1008:Scripture 989:blasphemy 946:lay peers 881:of 1553. 753:Eucharist 729:purgatory 721:salvation 698:Calvinism 690:Edward VI 680:from the 674:annulment 624:via media 608:Charles I 580:Calvinist 576:recusants 555:vestments 547:Lutherans 498:Edward VI 486:Catholics 380:1700–1950 332:1649–1688 72:Canaletto 8515:and its 8487:Koinonia 8448:Theology 8342:Thurible 8287:Ciborium 8169:Festival 8024:Pre-Lent 8006:Epiphany 7953:calendar 7923:Surplice 7883:Dalmatic 7873:Cincture 7858:Chasuble 7644:Crucifix 7518:Crucifer 7378:Oblation 7373:Sentence 7326:Fraction 7311:Anaphora 7262:Canticle 7242:Versicle 7195:Embolism 7138:Glory Be 7106:Antiphon 7096:Alleluia 7055:Marriage 7045:Exsultet 6978:Tenebrae 6967:Exorcism 6831:Services 6764:Theology 6752:Missions 6747:Timeline 6719:Mainline 6667:Pacifism 6516:Baptists 6435:Theology 6395:Puritans 6370:Timeline 6312:Scotland 6240:Theology 6087:Wycliffe 6035:Crusades 6010:Bogomils 5963:Bulgaria 5919:Germanic 5871:Ethiopia 5769:Timeline 5547:Nicaea I 5542:Councils 5474:Irenaeus 5469:Ignatius 5464:Polycarp 5418:Donatism 5413:Docetism 5408:Arianism 5309:Ministry 5082:(1898). 5060:(1904). 4985:(1705). 4911:(1980). 4854:(1953). 4811:(1973). 4787:(2017). 4738:(1998). 4644:(1996). 4553:(1993). 4520:. 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