482:
1674:'Ancient and modern Egypt became easier to conceptualize because of the prolific French cartographer Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville (1697–1782). The greatest mapmaker of his age, Bourguignon d'Anville also had a special interest in ancient geography, one that he wrote would not permit me to neglect Egypt, this country so celebrated in antiquity.' Instead of copying older maps and blindly replicating their errors and speculations as had long been the practice he sought reliable data and was content to leave spaces blank rather than fill them with conjectural features. He had no firsthand experience with Egypt, but he carefully pored over every available source modern ancient and Arab as he explained in his
380:
515:
503:
838:. "The L-shaped Khuwy tomb starts with a small corridor heading downwards into an antechamber and from there a larger chamber with painted reliefs depicting the tomb owner seated at an offerings table", reported Megahed. Some paintings maintained their brightness over a long time in the tomb. Mainly made of white limestone bricks, the tomb had a tunnel entrance generally typical for pyramids. Archaeologists say that there might be a connection between Khuwy and pharaoh because the mausoleum was found near the pyramid of Egyptian Pharaoh
1187:
the eastern
Mediterranean and Africa, which carries with it the implication that it is ultimately not really part of Africa". He explicitly criticised the view that ancient Egypt was clearly 'in Africa' it was not so clearly 'of Africa' as reflecting "long-standing Egyptological biases". He concluded that the interrelated cultural features shared between northeast African dynamic and Pharaonic Egypt are not "survivals" or coincidence, but shared traditions with common origins in the deep past".
6580:
5950:
77:
5902:
7118:
5939:
5970:
193:
36:
5980:
5960:
6591:
120:
1678:(1766). Bourguignon d'Anville's map of Egypt allowed readers to see the relationship of ancient and modern sites much more clearly than before. It continued in use well into the nineteenth century. Although the cartographers of Napoleon's Egyptian expedition made a more accurate map, it was declared a state secret and Bourguignon d'Anville's map was printed in its place in the great
1330:. Beginning in 1998, Prof. Liritzis has collaborated with Egyptian authorities to encourage research, fieldwork, and education, all supported by Greek and European funding. The Hellenic-Egyptian relationship in Egyptological studies has been successful, largely due to Prof. Liritzis, and the result is a plethora of publications and interactions.
4740:
1133:. The recently discovered sun temple was made from mud bricks and was about 60 meters long by 20 m wide. According to Massimiliano Nuzzolo, co-director of the excavation, storage rooms and other rooms may have been served for cultic purposes and the walls of the building were all plastered in black and white. The L-shaped entrance
1002:, the crumbling temple was decorated with palm leaf carvings and an incomplete sandstone panel that described a Roman emperor. According to researcher Abdel Badie, generally, the church with about 2.1 meters width contained oven that were used to bake pottery, four rooms, a long hall, stairs, and stone tiles.
1052:, the elaborately decorated tomb belonged to a man named Mehtjetju who served as a priest and an inspector of the royal property. Kamil O. Kuraszkiewicz, expedition director stated that Mehtjetju most likely lived at about the same time, at some point during the reigns of the first three rulers of the
655:
In August 2017, archaeologists from the
Ministry of Antiquities announced the discovery of five mud-brick tombs at Bir esh-Shaghala, dating back nearly 2,000 years. Researchers also revealed worn masks gilded with gold, several large jars and a piece of pottery with unsolved ancient Egyptian writing
620:
In June 2000, the
European Institute for Underwater Archaeology (IEASM), directed by Franck Goddio, in cooperation with the Egyptian Ministry for Antiquities discovered the ancient sunken city of Thonis-Heracleion in today's Abu Qir Bay. The statues of a colossal King and Queen are on display at the
1186:
argued that a common practice among
Egyptologists was to "divorce Egypt from its proper northeast African context, instead framing it as fundamentally part of a Near Eastern or "Mediterranean" economic, social and political sphere, hardly African at all or at best a crossroad between the Near East,
550:
between 1809 and 1829. These recorded
Egyptian flora, fauna, and history—making numerous ancient Egyptian source materials available to Europeans for the first time. The British captured Egypt from the French and gained the Rosetta Stone in 1801, the Greek script of which was translated by 1803. In
4846:
1999: Establishment of the
Research Institute in Alexandria by the University of the Aegean and the President of the Hellenic Society at Alexandria Mr S Tambakis. Signed protocol and offering of the classical building Zervoudakios School to host the Institute. (The Protocol was not realized by the
1218:
outlined that the previous two centuries of
Western scholarship had presented Egypt as an "offshoot of earlier Middle Eastern developments". Although, he acknowledged that recent generations of scholars in Egypt and Nubia have been "uncovering extensive new bodies of evidence" which have dispelled
1194:
stated that "It was only recently that traditional scholarship started to acknowledge the
African background of Egyptian culture, partly in response to world history's aim to replace dominant western-centered narratives with others than focused more on the contributions of other regions, including
341:
in the 3rd century BC. The
Ptolemies were very interested in the work of the ancient Egyptians, and many of the Egyptian monuments, including the pyramids, were restored by them. The Ptolemies also built many new temples in the Egyptian style. The Romans also carried out restoration work in Egypt.
1141:
columns and was partly made of white limestone. Dozens of well-preserved beer jars and several well-made and red-lined vessels, seal impressions, including seals of the pharaohs who ruled during the fifth and sixth dynasties were also uncovered. One of the earliest seals might belonged to pharaoh
905:
In
November 2020, archaeologists unearthed more than 100 delicately painted wooden coffins and 40 funeral statues. The sealed, wooden coffins, some containing mummies, date as far back as 2,500 years. Other artifacts discovered include funeral masks, canopic jars and amulets. According to Khaled
1206:
horizon that characterised several regions of Africa" and that these views had continued to dominate in the second half of the twentieth century. Manzo stated more recent studies had "pointed out the relevance of African elements to the rise of Egyptian culture, following earlier suggestions on
1178:
and other categorisations of "North African stocks" as "white". Davidson further added that the "ancient Egyptians belonged, that is, not to any specific Egyptian region or Near Eastern heritage but to that wide community of peoples who lived between the Red Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, shared a
818:
between 332 BC and 395 AD. While the findings assumed belonging to a mother and a child were well preserved, others had suffered major destruction. Beside the mummies, artefacts including painted funerary masks, vases of bitumen used in mummification, pottery and wooden figurines were revealed.
4736:
802:
in Kom Al-Khelgan. The burials contained the remains of animals, amulets, and scarabs carved from faience, round and oval pots with handholds, flint knives, broken and burned pottery. All burials included skulls and skeletons in the bending position and were not very well-preserved.
690:
in Luxor. According to archaeologist Essam Nagy, the material remains from the area contained clay pots, the lower part of a sitting statue and part of a stone panel showing an offering table filled with a sheep and a goose which were the symbols of the god Amun.
4994:
2009–10: Prof Liritzis was invited Speaker at Sohag (2009), Beni Suef, and Cairo (2010) Universities and presentation of honorable plaques to Prof Liritzis for his inauguration of a Egyptology Chair in the University of the Aegean, Rhodes, Greece for first
3916:
1017:
period. The tombs also contained the remains of adults and a baby (buried in a jar), a group of ovens, stoves, remnants of mud-brick foundations, funerary equipment, cylindrical, pear-shaped vessels and a bowl with geometric designs.
718:. "The finding of this mask could be called a sensation. Very few masks of precious metal have been preserved to the present day, because the tombs of most Ancient Egyptian dignitaries were looted in ancient times." said Hussein.
2781:
1582:
Description of Egypt: Notes and Views in Egypt and Nubia, Made During the Years 1825, 26, 27, and 28 : Chiefly Consisting of a Series of Descriptions and Delineations of the Monuments, Scenery, &c. of Those Countries
5496:"A key to the translation exercises in Sir Alan Gardiner's Egyptian Grammar, Electronic publications, Egyptological databases, Dictionaries and lexicography, Useful Web sites & Main libraries with Egyptological holdings"
659:
In November 2017 (25 October 2000), the Egyptian mission in cooperation with the European Institute for Underwater Archaeology announced the discovery of 2,000-year-old three sunken shipwrecks dated back to the Roman Era in
1283:, another British Egyptologist, revolutionised the field of archaeology through controlled and scientifically recorded excavations. Petrie's work determined that Egyptian culture dated back as early as 4500 BC. The British
736:
In September 2018, a sandstone sphinx statue was discovered at the temple of Kom Ombo. The statue, measuring approximately 28 cm (11 in) in width and 38 cm (15 in) in height, likely dates to the
1158:
Various scholars have highlighted the role of colonial racism in shaping the attitudes of early Egyptologists, and criticised the continued over-representation of North American and European perspectives in the field.
3300:
671:
The sunken cargo included a royal head of crystal perhaps belong to the commander of the Roman armies of "Antonio", three gold coins from the era of Emperor Octavius Augustus, large wooden planks and pottery vessels.
1287:
founded in 1882 and other Egyptologists promoted Petrie's methods. Other scholars worked on producing a hieroglyphic dictionary, developing a Demotic lexicon, and establishing an outline of ancient Egyptian history.
1195:
Africa. At the same time, primarily African diaspora communities wanted the continent's ancient history to be approached outside a Eurocentric context, and insisted, for example, on the use of ancient Egyptian term
3885:
3149:
2690:
1102:. The tomb's main well was about 6 meters deep and it was divided into separate parts by narrow bridges cut into the natural rock. Inside the main well there was a smaller and deeper shaft which contained two
2197:
868:
in Kom Shakau village of Tama township. Researchers also revealed limestone walls carved with inscriptions of Hapi, the Nile god, and inscriptions with fragments of text featuring the name of Ptolemy IV.
4101:
4040:
744:
In September 2018, several dozen cache of mummies dating 2,000 years back were found in Saqqara by a team of Polish archaeologists led by Kamil Kuraszkiewicz from the Faculty of Oriental Studies of the
2077:
1556:
3768:
4356:
2873:
4070:
752:
In November 2018, an Egyptian archaeological mission located seven ancient Egyptian tombs at the ancient necropolis of Saqqara containing a collection of scarab and cat mummies dating back to the
1300:
3908:
4353:"Black Athena, and Colonial Discourse Robert J.C. · PDF fileEgypt in America : Black Athena, Racism and Colonial Discourse Robert J.C. Young Colonial discourse analysis was initiated"
3650:
779:
In mid-December 2018, the Egyptian government announced the discovery at Saqqara of a previously unknown 4,400-year-old tomb, containing paintings and more than fifty sculptures. It belongs to
4652:
578:(1853–1942) introduced archaeological techniques of field preservation, recording, and excavation to the field. Many highly educated amateurs also travelled to Egypt, including women such as
3180:
2935:
917:
Ministry announced the discovery of more than 50 wooden sarcophagi in 52 burial shafts which date back to the New Kingdom period and a 13 ft-long papyrus that contains texts from the
3551:
3680:
3460:
2773:
4009:
2599:
2257:
1179:
common "Saharan-Sudanese culture", and drew their reinforcements from the same great source, even though, as time went by, they also absorbed a number of wanderers from the Near East".
3370:
3119:
2418:
630:
559:, marking the beginning of modern Egyptology. With increasing knowledge of Egyptian writing, the study of ancient Egypt was able to proceed with greater academic rigour. Champollion,
3400:
2379:
2137:
1243:
populations did not migrate "from somewhere else but were descendants of the long-term inhabitants of these portions of Africa going back many millennia. Ehret also cited supporting
417:
European exploration and travel writings of ancient Egypt commenced in the 13th century, with only occasional detours into what could be considered a scientific approach, notably by
2720:
5452:
2448:
1174:
wrote in 1995 that a number of unsatisfactory labels are often attached—such as "Bushmen", "Negro", or "Negroid"—to indigenous, African populations. He was also critical of the
1049:
3829:
1986:
1924:
883:
On 3 October 2020, Khalid el-Anany, Egypt's tourism and antiquities minister announced the discovery of at least 59 sealed sarcophagi with mummies more than 2,600 years old in
3859:
3270:
3292:
2904:
3620:
3430:
5424:
Sections, all with content relevant to antiquity: Articles; Books, journals and external resources; Expeditions and fieldwork opportunities; and Professional organizations)
3881:
2479:
1846:
2107:
1223:. Ehret reported that the physical anthropological findings from the "major burial sites of those founding locales of ancient Egypt in the fourth millennium BCE, notably
305:, would gain fame for identifying and restoring historic buildings, tombs and temples, including pyramids; and has subsequently been described as the first Egyptologist.
2958:
1580:
1040:
In May 2022, the discovery of the nearly 4,300-year-old tomb of an ancient Egyptian high-ranked person who handled royal, sealed documents of pharaoh was announced at
3978:
3210:
3141:
1163:
in his work, "The African Origin of Civilization" argued that the prevailing views in Egyptology were driven by biased scholarship and colonial attitudes. Similarly,
814:, and Khaled El-Enany, the Egyptian minister of antiquities reported that the tomb where the remains of ancient men, women and children were found, dates back to the
2751:
2682:
2357:
2047:
2189:
1167:
wrote that early modern scholarship on the Nile Valley populations had been "marred by a confusion of race, language, and culture and by an accompanying racism".
5558:
3027:
2287:
1315:; the Brooklyn Institute of Fine Arts; and the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University also conducted excavations in Egypt, expanding American collections.
733:, the skeletons looked like a family burial with a middle-aged woman and two men. Researchers also revealed a small gold artifact and three thin sheets of gold.
1704:
1235:". Ehret specified that these studies revealed cranial and dental affinities with "closest parallels" to other longtime populations in the surrounding areas of
4093:
4032:
2318:
1614:(2011). "Roma Britannica and the Cultural Memory of Egypt: Lord Arundel and the Obelisk of Domitian". In Marshall, David; Wolfe, Karin; Russell, Susan (eds.).
3339:
2069:
141:
3088:
1885:
826:
On 13 April 2019, an expedition led by a member of the Czech Institute of Egyptology, Mohamed Megahed, discovered a 4,000-year-old tomb near Egypt's Saqqara
5467:
636:
In March 2017, the Egyptian-German team of archaeologists unearthed an eight-meter 3,000-year-old statue that included a head and a torso thought to depict
6147:
3760:
2843:
2167:
4352:
2865:
2630:
6628:
4062:
2997:
2539:
2812:
2017:
5205:
3590:
3058:
3642:
4636:
3706:
492:
of the subject, allowing readers to understand ancient and modern sites more clearly than previously. It was the primary map used in the 1809–1829
5013:
3172:
2927:
1732:(2006). "Egypt in England and America: The Cultural Memorials of Religion, Royalty and Revolution". In Ascari, Maurizio; Corrado, Adriana (eds.).
1021:
In September 2021, archaeologists announce the discovery of ritualistic tools used in religious rituals at the ancient site of Tel al-Fara in the
4685:
4502:'Nubian, Negro, Black, Nilotic?', in Sylvia Hochfield and Elizabeth Riefstahl (eds), Africa in Antiquity: the arts of Nubia and the Sudan, Vol. 1
5035:
4132:
3672:
3543:
3491:
3452:
1955:
1219:
older assumptions. However, Ehret continued to argue that these old ideas had influenced the attitudes of scholars in other disciplines such as
5596:
4596:
3737:
960:, decorated with horns, and the cobra snake at the forehead and the other was depicted with gilded decorations representing the wide necklace.
898:
On 19 October 2020, the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities announced the discovery of more than 2,500 years of colorful, sealed sarcophagi in
4329:
4001:
3947:
3799:
2591:
2249:
4943:
3362:
3111:
2569:
2410:
1098:. He commanded battalions of non-local soldiers and likely lived in the late 26th and early 27th dynasties, around 500 BC, according to the
698:
reported the discovery of an extremely rare gilded burial mask that probably dates from the Saite-Persian period in a partly damaged wooden
4155:
Egypt in its African context : proceedings of the conference held at the Manchester Museum, University of Manchester, 2–4 October 2009
3392:
2660:
2387:
2129:
1035:
The mission also discovered a huge building of polished limestone from the inside, representing a well for holy water used in daily rituals
880:. Archaeologists found tombstones, bronze coins, small crosses, and clay seals inside eight Roman-era tombs with domed and unmarked roofs.
3882:"The Discovery Of Tools For Religious Rituals In The Temple Of "Tel Al-Fara'in" In Kafr El-Sheikh » Gulf News » Prime Time Zone"
1114:
rock measures 2.30 meters long and 1.98 meters wide. The inner sarcophagus contained an inscription from the 72nd chapter of the Egyptian
5622:
4415:
2712:
1099:
5403:
4063:"Tomb of Egyptian commander of foreign soldiers in Abusir sheds light on 'globalisation' in ancient world – Ancient Egypt – Antiquities"
2440:
1393:
1354:
390:
128:
5694:
3821:
1978:
1908:
1509:
182:
4973:
3851:
3262:
2896:
1828:
Goddio, Franck, Masson-Berghoff, Aurélia (éd.), "Sunken Cities, Egypt's Lost World ", London, Thames & Hudson, 2016, London.
1462:
379:
4546:
Across the Mediterranean – Along the Nile: Studies in Egyptology, Nubiology and Late Antiquity Dedicated to László Török. Budapest
3612:
3422:
845:
In July 2019, ancient granite columns and a smaller Greek temple, treasure-laden ships, along with bronze coins from the reign of
6621:
6536:
5923:
5751:
3521:
2509:
910:. One of the coffins was opened and a mummy was scanned with an X-ray, determining it was most likely a man about the age of 40.
2471:
1854:
1786:
1211:" which countered the traditional view that considered Egypt "more closely linked to the Near East than to the rest of Africa".
5311:
Sheppard, Kathleen. 2022. Tea on the terrace: hotels and Egyptologists' social networks, 1885–1925. Manchester University Press
3240:
2227:
2099:
1005:
In April 2021, Egyptian archeologists announced the discovery of 110 burial tombs at the Koum el-Khulgan archeological site in
586:. Both of these left accounts of their travels, which revealed learned familiarity with all of the latest European Egyptology.
538:
was discovered in 1799. The study of many aspects of ancient Egypt became more scientifically oriented with the publication of
485:
5483:
2966:
6016:
5385:
5366:
5347:
5326:
5302:
4886:
Liritzis, Ioannis; Zacharias, Nikolaos; Al-Otaibi, Fahad; Iliopoulos, Ioannis; Katagas, Christos; Shaltout, Mossalam (2016).
4646:
1833:
5869:
3970:
3202:
591:
2743:
2341:
1428:(LÄ). The first volume published in 1975 (containing largely German-language articles, with a few in English and French).
5983:
5741:
5736:
5617:
5508:
1086:
led by Miroslav Bárta discovered the robbed tomb of an ancient Egyptian military official named Wahibre-mery-Neith and a
1010:
872:
In May 2020, Egyptian-Spanish archaeological mission head by Esther Ponce uncovered a unique cemetery dating back to the
799:
441:
2039:
481:
6614:
5589:
5124:
4619:
4580:
4162:
1623:
1595:
1587:
527:
5509:"Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Egyptologists"
3019:
2279:
1807:
834:. Archaeologists confirmed that the tomb belonged to an influential person named Khuwy, who lived in Egypt during the
5706:
5284:
5271:
5257:
5243:
5229:
5199:
5166:
4542:"Gift of the Nile? Climate Change, the Origins of Egyptian Civilization and Its Interactions within Northeast Africa"
1749:
1697:
1652:
1564:
675:
In April 2018, the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities announced the discovery of the head of the bust of Roman Emperor
546:
166:
63:
2310:
1071:
In June 2022, archaeologists from The Cairo Ministry of Antiquities announced the discovery of an alabaster bust of
986:
In February 2021, archaeologists from the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities announced the discovery of a
721:
In July 2018, archaeologists led by Zeinab Hashish announced the discovery of a 2,000-year-old 30-ton black granite
6157:
5859:
5627:
3323:
1767:
1350:
614:
4478:
4270:
1877:
760:
Dynasties. Three of the tombs were used for cats, some dating back more than 6,000 years, while one of four other
5891:
5837:
5689:
5475:
5178:
Chaney, Edward. "Roma Britannica and the Cultural Memory of Egypt: Lord Arundel and the Obelisk of Domitian", in
1202:
In 2022, Andrea Manzo argued that early Egyptologists had situated the origins of dynastic Egypt within a "broad
640:. According to Khaled El-Enany, the Egyptian Antiquities Minister, the statue was more likely thought to be King
5528:
5171:
Chaney, Edward. 'Egypt in England and America: The Cultural Memorials of Religion, Royalty and Revolution', in:
2835:
2159:
362:
would occasionally detour to visit sites in Egypt. Destinations would include Cairo and its environs, where the
6543:
6056:
5963:
5864:
4804:
4549:
4524:
2622:
1535:
1075:
as well as molds and other materials for creating amulets for warriors and for statues of Alexander the Great.
860:
In September 2019, archaeologists announced the discovery of a 2,200-year-old temple believed to belong to the
610:
3080:
2989:
2531:
1009:. 68 oval-shaped tombs of them dated back to the Predynastic Period and 37 rectangular-shaped tombs were from
764:
was unsealed. With the remains of cat mummies were unearthed gilded and 100 wooden statues of cats and one in
5650:
5645:
5582:
5067:
4861:
4714:
2804:
2009:
1299:
to Egypt and Nubia established Egyptology as a legitimate field of study. In 1924, Breasted also started the
873:
540:
402:
265:
17:
5187:
3574:
3050:
494:
7060:
6565:
6275:
6162:
5797:
5672:
5640:
5529:"Rare Books and Special Collections Digital Library Underwood & Underwood Egypt Stereoviews Collection"
5105:
1437:
1292:
285:
The earliest explorers of ancient Egypt were the ancient Egyptians themselves. Inspired by a dream he had,
1424:, the standard text that scholars referenced for studies of Egyptology was for three decades or more, the
556:
6498:
6341:
6270:
6111:
5881:
5844:
5792:
5711:
3909:"Archaeologists in Egypt Unearth 4,300-Year-Old Tomb of Man Who Handled His Pharaoh's 'Secret Documents'"
1312:
1272:
599:
571:
was an early participant in the investigations of Egypt—mapping, excavating and recording several sites.
257:
200:
49:
4766:
3702:
7108:
6051:
5731:
5457:
5005:
3613:"Queen's temple, 50 coffins, Book of Dead: Ancient Egypt trove 'remakes history' | The Times of Israel"
3423:"Queen's temple, 50 coffins, Book of Dead: Ancient Egypt trove 'remakes history' | The Times of Israel"
1308:
1304:
1122:
1022:
370:, built by the Hebrew patriarch to store grain during the years of plenty. A number of their accounts (
223:
4674:
7143:
6385:
6373:
6239:
6179:
6132:
6009:
5854:
5822:
5807:
5802:
5701:
5655:
5086:
5043:
4124:
3483:
1947:
1457:
1106:
one inside the other where Wahibre-mery-Neith was buried. The external sarcophagus was made of white
261:
5553:"Global catalogue of Egyptian archeological records belonging to Institutions of all over the world"
4833:
3729:
2928:"Ancient Egypt: Underwater archaeologists uncover destroyed temple in the sunken city of Heracleion"
1333:
Some universities and colleges offer degrees in Egyptology. In the United States, these include the
853:. The investigations were conducted by Egyptian and European divers led by underwater archaeologist
695:
7148:
6744:
6407:
6300:
6249:
6199:
6189:
5973:
5849:
5770:
5721:
4293:
3939:
3791:
1472:
1374:
773:
560:
514:
240:
4935:
2561:
440:
measured the pyramids, having inspected the broken Obelisk of Domitian in Rome, then intended for
272:
from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.
6994:
6919:
6513:
6438:
6336:
6214:
1370:
1362:
682:
In April 2018, the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities announced the discovery of the shrine of god
626:
133:
4888:"Chronology of construction and occupational phases of Nawamis tombs, Sinai based on OSL dating"
2652:
459:
was perhaps the first to hint at the phonetic importance of Egyptian hieroglyphs, demonstrating
6909:
6894:
6667:
6558:
6548:
6468:
6463:
6433:
6412:
6285:
6280:
6244:
6033:
5953:
5886:
5726:
4612:
Ancient Egypt in its African context : economic networks, social and cultural interactions
1442:
1303:
to make and publish accurate copies of monuments. In the late 19th and early 20th century, the
1284:
1053:
936:
have announced the discovery of 2,000-year-old ancient tombs with golden tongues dating to the
835:
787:
during the Fifth Dynasty. The tomb also contains four shafts that lead to a sarcophagus below.
757:
753:
5337:
4379:
1741:
1506:
6553:
6473:
6229:
6142:
6137:
6127:
5918:
5411:
4820:
1482:
1334:
1095:
861:
729:. It contained three damaged skeletons in red-brown sewage water. According to archaeologist
622:
426:
367:
2411:"Scientists Begin Unveiling the Secrets of the Mummies in the Alexandria 'Dark Sarcophagus'"
1733:
849:, pottery dating back to the third and fourth centuries BC were found at the sunken city of
7122:
6959:
6583:
6483:
6478:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6234:
6224:
6152:
6081:
6076:
6002:
5943:
5901:
5758:
5667:
5660:
5552:
5182:, eds. D. Marshall, K. Wolfe and S. Russell, British School at Rome, 2011, pp. 147–70.
4899:
1378:
1358:
1296:
1045:
1006:
820:
746:
702:
in Saqqara. The last time a similar mask was found was in 1939. The eyes were covered with
613:
controls excavation permits for Egyptologists to conduct their work. The field can now use
583:
568:
552:
290:
269:
3173:"Egypt reveals 59 ancient coffins found near Saqqara pyramids, many of which hold mummies"
1268:
1239:"such as Nubia and the northern Horn of Africa". He further commented that the Naqada and
933:
422:
8:
7138:
6924:
6764:
6378:
6363:
6265:
6071:
6061:
6041:
5763:
5684:
5378:
A World Beneath the Sands: Adventurers and Archaeologists in the Golden Age of Egyptology
4965:
1342:
1260:
1191:
1072:
811:
507:
502:
398:
87:
4903:
3142:"Unique cemetery dating back to el-Sawi era discovered in Egypt amid coronavirus crisis"
806:
In April 2019, archaeologists discovered 35 mummified remains of Egyptians in a tomb in
7095:
6899:
6879:
6819:
6779:
6724:
6714:
6458:
6321:
5817:
5780:
5679:
4917:
4590:
4470:
4462:
4407:
4321:
4262:
4254:
4207:
1641:
1386:
1366:
1264:
1183:
1083:
564:
531:
519:
456:
186:
3513:
2866:"Egypt: Vivid 4,300-year-old tomb belonging to Fifth Dynasty senior official unveiled"
2683:"Ancient tombs and prehistoric burials found in Nile Delta – Ancient Egypt – Heritage"
2501:
1783:
857:. They also uncovered the ruins of the city's main temple off of Egypt's north coast.
7085:
7014:
6914:
6839:
6799:
6699:
6508:
6503:
6488:
5775:
5716:
5381:
5362:
5343:
5322:
5298:
5280:
5267:
5253:
5239:
5225:
5195:
5162:
4642:
4615:
4576:
4520:
4474:
4454:
4411:
4399:
4325:
4313:
4266:
4246:
4211:
4199:
4158:
3582:
3331:
2805:"Discovery of Egyptian dignitary's 4,000-year-old colorful tomb stuns archaeologists"
2349:
1916:
1829:
1745:
1734:
1648:
1619:
1591:
1560:
1531:
1382:
1322:, Egyptology was introduced as an academic discipline in Greece, specifically in the
1251:
and genetic evidence which situated ancient Egypt in a northeastern African context.
1215:
1129:
announced the discovery of a 4,500-year-old temple dedicated to the Egyptian sun god
1087:
987:
907:
902:. The archaeological team unearthed gilded, wooden statues and more than 80 coffins.
865:
815:
784:
738:
694:
In July 2018, German-Egyptian researchers' team head by Ramadan Badry Hussein of the
679:
at the Temple of Kom Ombo in Aswan during work to protect the site from groundwater.
579:
464:
376:) have survived and offer insights into conditions in their respective time periods.
253:
4921:
2342:"Inside That Black Sarcophagus in Egypt? 3 Mummies (and No Curses) (Published 2018)"
2219:
510:, one of the most symbolic artifacts representing ancient Egypt and Egyptology today
94:
7075:
7055:
7024:
6964:
6929:
6904:
6869:
6834:
6824:
6804:
6774:
6734:
6694:
6662:
6638:
6493:
6428:
6395:
6106:
6091:
5832:
5746:
5359:
Wonderful Things: A History of Egyptology: 3: From 1914 to the Twenty-first Century
4907:
4796:
4446:
4391:
4305:
4238:
4191:
3051:"Lost Egyptian temple unearthed 2,200 years after it was built for King Ptolemy IV"
1467:
1338:
1319:
1276:
1240:
1236:
1160:
1115:
956:
afterlife. The mummies were depicted in different forms: one of them was wearing a
918:
476:
452:
322:
249:
4002:"A 2,200-year-old statue of Alexander the Great has been discovered in Alexandria"
3544:"Photos: Archaeological mission uncovers 16 burial chambers in Alexandrian temple"
3393:"Egypt announces huge discovery of 100 human sealed coffins,40 impressive statues"
2623:"4,400-Year-Old Tomb of 'Divine Inspector' with Hidden Shafts Discovered in Egypt"
1909:"So Many Pharaohs: A Possible Case of Mistaken Identity in Cairo (Published 2017)"
606:
brought a greater understanding of Egyptian relics and wide acclaim to the field.
6974:
6969:
6954:
6944:
6934:
6864:
6854:
6789:
6749:
6689:
6652:
6331:
6184:
6086:
5447:
5316:
5290:
5128:
5109:
5090:
5071:
2070:"2,000-year-old Roman tombs, artifacts and inscribed pottery discovered in Egypt"
1790:
1771:
1513:
1346:
1280:
1208:
945:
676:
575:
460:
430:
235:
55:
4309:
7065:
7029:
7004:
6999:
6989:
6984:
6949:
6939:
6884:
6874:
6814:
6739:
6729:
6719:
6677:
6595:
6400:
6390:
6351:
6326:
6096:
5812:
5180:
Roma Britannica: Art Patronage and Cultural Exchange in Eighteenth-Century Rome
4395:
4242:
3293:"Egypt says another trove of ancient coffins found in Saqqara – Times of India"
1616:
Roma Britannica: Art Patronage and Cultural Exchange in Eighteenth-Century Rome
1357:. There are also many programmes in the United Kingdom, including those at the
1244:
1228:
1171:
999:
979:
near the main entrance. Previously unknown to researchers, Naert was a wife of
937:
839:
795:
730:
5541:"Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague"
5428:
4195:
823:
on the tomb, it was detected that the tomb belongs to a tradesman named Tjit.
230:
7132:
7090:
7019:
6859:
6754:
6704:
6672:
6368:
5605:
5442:
5175:, eds. M. Ascari and A. Corrado (Rodopi, Amsterdam and New York,2006), 39–74.
4912:
4887:
4458:
4403:
4317:
4250:
4203:
3940:"Tomb of ancient Egyptian dignitary who read top secret documents discovered"
3586:
3335:
2653:"3,500-Year-Old Tombs Unearthed in Egypt's Nile Delta – Archaeology Magazine"
2353:
1920:
1729:
1611:
1553:
Egyptology: The Missing Millennium: Ancient Egypt in Medieval Arabic Writings
1164:
1065:
854:
587:
535:
418:
383:
245:
218:
196:
6606:
5121:
4763:"Εργαστήριο Αρχαιομετρίας – Τμήμα Μεσογειακών Σπουδών Πανεπιστημίου Αιγαίου"
2130:"2,000-year-old Roman shipwrecks discovered near coast of Alexandria, Egypt"
810:. Italian archaeologist Patrizia Piacentini, professor of Egyptology at the
7050:
7045:
6889:
6809:
6684:
6219:
6066:
5874:
4800:
1803:
1147:
990:
temple, a Roman fort, an early Coptic church and an inscription written in
941:
437:
386:'s 985 CE incorrect translation of the Ancient Egyptian hieroglyph alphabet
366:
was thought to have fled, and the great Pyramids, which were thought to be
5495:
4380:"Book reviews : Civilization or Barbarism: an authentic anthropology"
3703:"Ruins Of Ancient Ptolemaic Temple Discovered In Egypt – Greek City Times"
6709:
6295:
6174:
6046:
6025:
5540:
4094:"Egypt uncovers 'unique' ancient tomb of the commander of foreign troops"
4033:"Egypt uncovers 'unique' ancient tomb of the commander of foreign troops"
3761:"Archaeologists Discover 110 Ancient Egyptian Tombs Along the Nile Delta"
1447:
1143:
1103:
964:
922:
914:
877:
761:
722:
665:
637:
603:
489:
363:
351:
302:
294:
286:
204:
1764:
6794:
6657:
6358:
5574:
5339:
Wonderful Things: A History of Egyptology: 2: The Golden Age: 1881–1914
4519:(Rev. and expanded ed.). New York: Collier Books. pp. 10–15.
4466:
4438:
4258:
4226:
1248:
1014:
906:
el-Anany, tourism and antiquities minister, the items date back to the
850:
846:
827:
726:
661:
406:
372:
355:
338:
298:
4179:
3792:"110 ancient Egyptian tombs, including baby burials, found along Nile"
2311:"The Mummy With The Silver Gilded Mask – Discovered In Saqqara, Egypt"
1381:. While Egyptology is widely studied in continental Europe, only two--
7080:
7070:
7009:
6844:
6769:
6346:
6305:
1487:
1477:
1452:
1224:
1138:
1107:
645:
641:
359:
334:
330:
314:
5318:
Wonderful Things: A History of Egyptology: 1: From Antiquity to 1881
4885:
4792:
4541:
4450:
3971:"2,200 Year Old Alexander the Great Statue Discovered in Alexandria"
3112:"Egypt makes major archaeological discovery amid coronavirus crisis"
6979:
6849:
6829:
6759:
6101:
5785:
5472:
The University of Memphis Institute of Egyptian Art and Archaeology
1740:. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Rodopi, Amsterdam and New York. pp.
1220:
1061:
991:
975:. Researchers also revealed that Narat's name engraved on a fallen
892:
791:
711:
703:
192:
5264:
Temples, Tombs and Hieroglyphs: A Popular History of Ancient Egypt
4857:
4710:
3233:"Egyptian archaeologists unveil discovery of 59 sealed sarcophagi"
2100:"Sunken vessels dating back to Roman era discovered in Alexandria"
6167:
5827:
5084:
The Society for the Study of Ancient Egyptian Antiquities, Canada
5064:
4180:"Imagining an Imperial Race: Egyptology in the Service of Empire"
2220:"Archaeologists find bust of Roman emperor in Egypt dig in Aswan"
1410:
The Society for the Study of Ancient Egyptian Antiquities, Canada
1203:
1175:
1134:
1041:
976:
972:
899:
884:
831:
707:
649:
567:
were some of the first Egyptologists of wide acclaim. The German
326:
5140:
5102:
3673:"Egypt makes 'major discoveries' at Saqqara archaeological site"
3643:"Egypt makes 'major discoveries' at Saqqara archaeological site"
3453:"Egypt makes 'major discoveries' at Saqqara archaeological site"
2959:"Archaeologists discover a sunken ancient settlement underwater"
2897:"Archaeologists discover a sunken ancient settlement underwater"
2836:"Colorful 4,000-year-old Egyptian tomb intrigues archaeologists"
2250:"Archeologists find Roman emperor bust, ancient shrine in Egypt"
119:
5461:
3363:"Nearly 100 coffins buried over 2,500 years ago found in Egypt"
2990:"Divers Find Remains of Ancient Temple in Sunken Egyptian City"
2562:"Dozens of Mummified Cats Found in 6,000-yr-old Egyptian Tombs"
1847:"Massive Statue of Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Found in City Slum"
1392:
The professional organisation of scholars in Egyptology is the
1232:
1126:
1111:
1079:
1026:
953:
949:
780:
769:
765:
699:
687:
683:
444:'s collection in London. He went on to publish the illustrated
318:
93:
Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and
5994:
4125:"Ancient Egyptian temple to the sun cult uncovered near Cairo"
3263:"Egypt says another trove of ancient coffins found in Saqqara"
2592:"Dozens of cat mummies found in 6,000-year-old tombs in Egypt"
633:. The excavations are documented through several publications
488:'s 1765 map of Ancient Egypt was a significant advance in the
5506:
4762:
4641:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 83–85, 97.
4184:
Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East
2160:"Archeologists find Roman shipwrecks off Egypt's north coast"
1530:. New York City: Columbia University Press. pp. 127–97.
1030:
995:
968:
957:
926:
807:
394:
313:
Some of the first historical accounts of Egypt were given by
221:
1323:
2472:"Archaeologists discover ancient sphinx in Egyptian temple"
2190:"Shrine to Osiris and bust of Roman emperor found in Egypt"
1421:
1091:
1057:
980:
888:
715:
595:
5083:
4575:(Second ed.). Chichester, West Sussex. pp. 5–6.
4564:
3232:
2713:"Mummified remains of 35 ancient Egyptians found in Aswan"
2380:"Clues Point to Occupant of Ancient 'Mystery' Sarcophagus"
1878:"Colossal 3,000-year-old statue unearthed from Cairo pit"
1327:
5408:
ANTIQUITYOFMAN.COM: Anatomical and Behavioural Evolution
4790:
4614:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–50.
3730:"Ruins of ancient church and temple discovered in Egypt"
3514:"Ancient mummies with golden tongues unearthed in Egypt"
1025:. Remains included a limestone pillar depicting goddess
644:. Excavators also revealed an 80 cm-long part of a
4439:"Cheikh Anta Diop and the New Light on African History"
3822:"Rare tombs from pre-Pharaonic era discovered in Egypt"
1130:
932:
In January 2021, Egyptian-Dominican researchers led by
4966:"International Aegean | University of the Aegean"
3852:"Ritualistic tools discovered at Tel al-Fara in Egypt"
3203:"59 sealed sarcophagi and mummies discovered in Egypt"
2010:"Photos: 2,000-Year-Old Tombs Found in Egyptian Oasis"
1948:"Colossus probably depicting Ramses II found in Egypt"
994:
script at an archaeological site called Shiha Fort in
467:, for which he is considered a founder of Egyptology.
7106:
5173:
Sites of Exchange: European Crossroads and Faultlines
2774:"Egyptian necropolis with 35 mummies found – Culture"
2502:"Egyptian archaeologists find sphinx at Aswan temple"
1979:"Huge Statue of Egyptian Pharaoh Discovered in Cairo"
1736:
Sites of Exchange: European Crossroads and Faultlines
1661:
891:
and a carved 35-centimeter tall bronze statue of god
617:
and other applications of modern sensing techniques.
6148:
Conservation and restoration of archaeological sites
3324:"Egypt Unearths New Mummies Dating Back 2,500 Years"
1836:/ Catalogue of the exhibition at the British Museum
952:
in the form of tongues placed for speaking with God
798:
revealed a collection of 20 tombs dated back to the
401:
in the 13th century, wrote detailed descriptions of
5429:"Egyptologists' Electronic Forum (EEF), version 64"
2744:"At least 34 mummies found in hidden Egyptian tomb"
2441:"Archaeologists discover sphinx in Egyptian temple"
1784:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1375708.stm/
1295:at the University of Chicago and the expedition of
876:(so-called the El-Sawi era) at the site of ancient
686:- Ptah Neb, dating back to the 25th dynasty in the
1643:How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization
1640:
625:. Other discovered artefacts are exhibited at the
5250:Red Land, Black Land: Daily Life in Ancient Egypt
3575:"Archaeologists Find Mummies With Golden Tongues"
887:. Archaeologists also revealed the 20 statues of
776:were found besides the skeletal remains of cats.
772:. In addition, funerary items dating back to the
409:wrote detailed accounts of Egyptian antiquities.
405:. Similarly, the 15th-century Egyptian historian
7130:
5190:Gifts for the gods: images from Egyptian temples
5141:Angeles Project Development Information;Homepage
4294:"Finally in Africa? Egypt, from Diop to Celenko"
1029:, some incense burners with the head of the god
293:and inscribed a description of the dream on the
4881:
4879:
3361:Cairo, Associated Press in (14 November 2020).
3081:"Ruins of Ptolemy IV temple unearthed in Sohag"
2532:"Polish archeologists uncover Egyptian mummies"
2040:"2,000-year-old Roman tombs uncovered in Egypt"
5507:Hawass, Zahi; Brock, Lyla Pinch, eds. (2000).
5437:List shows Egyptology societies and Institutes
5036:"Egyptology, Introduction ~ Masters in Leiden"
4786:
4784:
4570:
4157:. Oxford: Archaeopress. 2011. pp. 1–115.
3048:
783:, a high-ranking priest who served under King
248:. The topics studied include ancient Egyptian
6636:
6622:
6010:
5590:
5468:"Egyptology Books and Articles in PDF online"
5236:The Seventy Great Mysteries of Ancient Egypt
5194:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
5185:
4876:
4517:Africa in history : themes and outlines
1094:'s Abusir necropolis 12 km southeast of the
794:, in January 2019, archaeologists headed by
526:Egyptology's modern history begins with the
4781:
4638:Ancient Africa: A Global History, to 300 CE
2741:
1875:
1618:. British School at Rome. pp. 147–70.
1389:--offer degree programs taught in English.
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
6629:
6615:
6017:
6003:
5597:
5583:
5361:. The American University in Cairo Press.
5342:. The American University in Cairo Press.
5321:. The American University in Cairo Press.
5065:The Society for the Study of Ancient Egypt
4595:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4122:
3937:
3020:"Ptolemaic-era temple discovered in Sohag"
1945:
1407:The Society for the Study of Ancient Egypt
1394:International Association of Egyptologists
1355:California State University San Bernardino
1291:In the United States, the founding of the
1231:, show no demographic indebtedness to the
1110:while the internal coffin was made out of
1050:Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology
971:or Narat and warehouses made of bricks in
929:and warehouses made of bricks in Saqqara.
518:Hieroglyphs and depictions transcribed by
5375:
4911:
4847:new President, successor of Mr Tambakis).
4291:
3484:"Mummy with a gold tongue found in Egypt"
1676:Memoires sur l'Egypte ancienne et moderne
1557:UCL Institute of Archaeology Publications
1525:
1324:Department of Mediterranean Studies (DMS)
183:Egyptology: Search for the Tomb of Osiris
167:Learn how and when to remove this message
5604:
5451:) is being considered for deletion. See
5356:
5335:
5314:
4514:
3906:
2833:
2280:"Researchers discover gilded mummy mask"
1692:
1690:
1688:
1667:
1528:Pilgrims to Jerusalem in the Middle Ages
1121:In August 2022, archaeologists from the
513:
501:
480:
378:
297:. Less than two centuries later, Prince
191:
144:of all important aspects of the article.
4499:
4227:"The Misrepresentation of Diop's Views"
4091:
4030:
3109:
2925:
2469:
1906:
1550:
1398:International Congress of Egyptologists
983:, the first king of the sixth dynasty.
14:
7131:
5500:Griffiths Institute, OXFORD UNIVERSITY
5433:Egyptological Societies and Institutes
5289:
4711:"ACADEMIC ACTIVITY – Ioannis Liritzis"
4540:Smith, Stuart Tyson (1 January 2018).
4436:
4377:
4332:from the original on 28 September 2022
4224:
3968:
3888:from the original on 24 September 2021
3727:
3572:
3342:from the original on 12 September 2021
2987:
2956:
2894:
2663:from the original on 12 September 2020
2542:from the original on 30 September 2021
2339:
2321:from the original on 30 September 2021
2308:
2290:from the original on 30 September 2021
1728:
1610:
1254:
1078:In July 2022, archaeologists from the
308:
140:Please consider expanding the lead to
6610:
5998:
5578:
5279:. National Geographic Society, 1999.
5208:from the original on 19 November 2018
5016:from the original on 22 November 2011
4864:from the original on 17 February 2022
4807:from the original on 17 February 2022
4634:
4609:
4539:
4177:
3999:
3862:from the original on 15 December 2021
3789:
3771:from the original on 16 November 2021
3709:from the original on 28 February 2021
3623:from the original on 12 December 2021
3593:from the original on 7 September 2021
3494:from the original on 19 December 2021
3481:
3433:from the original on 12 December 2021
3403:from the original on 26 February 2021
3373:from the original on 31 December 2021
3360:
3303:from the original on 24 December 2020
3273:from the original on 24 December 2020
3243:from the original on 24 December 2020
3213:from the original on 24 December 2020
3183:from the original on 24 December 2020
3091:from the original on 25 February 2021
3061:from the original on 26 December 2021
3000:from the original on 13 December 2021
2938:from the original on 13 December 2021
2876:from the original on 24 December 2020
2846:from the original on 24 December 2020
2815:from the original on 24 December 2020
2693:from the original on 13 December 2021
2633:from the original on 24 December 2020
2620:
2470:Heffron, Claire (17 September 2018).
2260:from the original on 22 November 2021
2007:
1810:from the original on 13 December 2021
1765:The Ministry of State for Antiquities
1710:from the original on 19 February 2014
1685:
1638:
1153:
412:
5959:
5295:Ancient Egypt: The Great Discoveries
4858:"Research Grants – Ioannis Liritzis"
4552:from the original on 13 October 2022
4481:from the original on 13 October 2022
4418:from the original on 13 October 2022
4359:from the original on 13 October 2022
4273:from the original on 13 October 2022
3907:Magazine, Smithsonian; Kuta, Sarah.
3802:from the original on 4 November 2021
3683:from the original on 25 January 2021
3524:from the original on 7 November 2021
3463:from the original on 25 January 2021
3321:
3030:from the original on 18 January 2021
2802:
2360:from the original on 9 November 2020
2200:from the original on 22 January 2021
2170:from the original on 26 January 2021
2110:from the original on 26 January 2021
2080:from the original on 25 October 2021
2050:from the original on 27 October 2021
2020:from the original on 25 October 2021
1888:from the original on 16 January 2021
1632:
948:. The team also unearthed gold leaf
470:
185:. For the album by World Party, see
113:
70:
29:
5979:
5159:Religion and magic in ancient Egypt
4635:Ehret, Christopher (20 June 2023).
3981:from the original on 12 August 2022
3950:from the original on 11 August 2022
3919:from the original on 11 August 2022
3322:Kwai, Isabella (15 November 2020).
3152:from the original on 2 October 2021
2926:Hignett, Katherine (23 July 2019).
2907:from the original on 17 August 2019
2451:from the original on 6 October 2020
2309:Mandal, Dattatreya (16 July 2018).
1958:from the original on 5 October 2021
544:in 1800 and the more comprehensive
486:Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville
239:
24:
5557:globalegyptianmuseum.org (without
5513:American University in Cairo Press
5222:Magic and mystery in ancient Egypt
5150:
4976:from the original on 26 March 2023
4946:from the original on 26 March 2023
4769:from the original on 26 March 2023
4743:from the original on 26 March 2023
4717:from the original on 31 March 2023
4691:from the original on 26 March 2023
4655:from the original on 22 March 2023
4135:from the original on 8 August 2022
4073:from the original on 26 March 2023
1989:from the original on 14 April 2021
1946:Aboulenein, Ahmed (9 March 2017).
1927:from the original on 18 March 2017
1588:American University in Cairo Press
1403:Societies for Egyptology include:
1207:Egyptian kingship and religion by
967:also found the funerary temple of
925:also found the funerary temple of
280:
181:For the book by Dugald Steer, see
25:
7160:
5707:Ancient Egyptian race controversy
5455:to help reach a consensus. ›
5396:
4791:University Of The Aegean (2001).
4350:
4104:from the original on 18 July 2022
4043:from the original on 19 July 2022
3758:
3740:from the original on 5 March 2021
3728:Geggel, Laura (2 February 2021).
3573:Fortin, Jacey (3 February 2021).
3170:
3122:from the original on 1 March 2021
3049:Alice Johnston (5 October 2019).
2784:from the original on 25 July 2019
2512:from the original on 6 March 2021
2482:from the original on 16 June 2021
2408:
1318:In 1999, under the leadership of
1259:Egyptology was established as an
1013:. Rest of them dated back to the
913:In January 2021, the Tourism and
611:Ministry of State for Antiquities
45:This article has multiple issues.
27:Scientific study of ancient Egypt
7116:
6589:
6579:
6578:
5978:
5968:
5958:
5949:
5948:
5937:
5900:
5134:
5115:
5103:Sussex Egyptology Society Online
5096:
5077:
5058:
5028:
4998:
4988:
4958:
4928:
4850:
4840:
4755:
4729:
4703:
4667:
4628:
4603:
4012:from the original on 1 July 2022
3856:HeritageDaily – Archaeology News
3832:from the original on 2 July 2021
3554:from the original on 1 July 2021
2803:Earl, Jennifer (15 April 2019).
2621:Jarus, Owen (15 December 2018).
2421:from the original on 3 June 2021
2284:HeritageDaily – Archaeology News
1976:
1413:Sussex Egyptology Society Online
1400:(ICE) is held every four years.
1351:Indiana University - Bloomington
963:A team of archaeologists led by
631:Alexandria National Museum (ANM)
118:
75:
34:
6024:
5969:
4533:
4508:
4493:
4430:
4378:Victor, Cilius (October 1992).
4371:
4344:
4285:
4218:
4171:
4147:
4116:
4092:Tabikha, Kamal (17 July 2022).
4085:
4055:
4031:Tabikha, Kamal (16 July 2022).
4024:
3993:
3969:Kissel, Thomas (30 June 2022).
3962:
3931:
3900:
3874:
3844:
3814:
3783:
3752:
3721:
3695:
3665:
3653:from the original on 4 May 2021
3635:
3605:
3566:
3536:
3506:
3475:
3445:
3415:
3385:
3354:
3315:
3285:
3255:
3225:
3195:
3164:
3134:
3103:
3073:
3042:
3012:
2981:
2950:
2919:
2888:
2858:
2827:
2796:
2766:
2754:from the original on 4 May 2021
2735:
2723:from the original on 6 May 2021
2705:
2675:
2645:
2614:
2602:from the original on 6 May 2021
2584:
2572:from the original on 4 May 2021
2554:
2524:
2494:
2463:
2433:
2402:
2372:
2333:
2302:
2272:
2242:
2230:from the original on 7 May 2021
2212:
2182:
2152:
2140:from the original on 8 May 2021
2122:
2092:
2062:
2032:
2001:
1970:
1939:
1907:Youssef, Nour (17 March 2017).
1900:
1869:
1853:. 10 March 2017. Archived from
1839:
1822:
1796:
1777:
1758:
1396:(IAE), under whose auspices an
132:may be too short to adequately
53:or discuss these issues on the
5488:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
5474:. 6 March 2015. Archived from
4793:"Gaia Hellenic -Egypt Project"
4292:Kamugisha, Aaron (July 2003).
3110:Mahmoud, Rasha (26 May 2020).
2988:Geggel, Laura (29 July 2019).
2957:Santos, Edwin (28 July 2019).
2386:. 17 July 2018. Archived from
2340:Specia, Megan (19 July 2018).
2008:Jarus, Owen (24 August 2017).
1722:
1604:
1573:
1544:
1519:
1500:
1199:instead of the European one".
842:, who ruled during that time.
534:in the late 18th century. The
345:
142:provide an accessible overview
13:
1:
5545:Czech Institute of Egyptology
5440:
5380:(Hardbook). London: Picador.
4571:Van de Mieroop, Marc (2021).
3790:Jarus, Owen (28 April 2021).
3482:Jarus, Owen (February 2021).
2895:Topics, Head (24 July 2019).
2742:Emily Dixon (25 April 2019).
1876:Thomas Page (10 March 2017).
1493:
1100:Egyptian Antiquities Ministry
768:dedicated to the cat goddess
325:and the largely lost work of
244:) is the scientific study of
97:related to non-recent events.
88:slanted towards recent events
6163:electrical resistance survey
5533:American University in Cairo
5112:retrieved GMT21:27.26.2.2006
4437:Clarke, John Henrik (1974).
4123:Owen Jarus (4 August 2022).
4000:Duluk, Elif (30 June 2022).
1438:Archaeology of Ancient Egypt
333:priest, during the reign of
7:
5892:Egypt–Mesopotamia relations
5712:Population history of Egypt
5404:"North African Archaeology"
5006:"Where to Study Egyptology"
4310:10.1177/0306396803045001002
1647:. Washington DC: Regenery.
1516:retrieved GMT23:48.3.9.2010
1431:
1313:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
652:while excavating the site.
477:Pyramidology § History
436:In the early 17th century,
10:
7165:
6052:Johann Joachim Winckelmann
5143:retrieved 17:47GMT 3.10.11
5131:retrieved 16:36GMT 3.10.11
4737:"Εργαστήριο Αρχαιομετρίας"
4675:"Εργαστήριο Αρχαιομετρίας"
4573:A history of ancient Egypt
4396:10.1177/030639689203400214
4243:10.1177/002193479502600106
3938:Owen Jarus (16 May 2022).
2834:Jack Guy (15 April 2019).
1774:retrieved 18:55GMT 3.10.11
1526:Chareyron, Nicole (2005).
1309:University of Pennsylvania
1305:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1123:Polish Academy of Sciences
1023:Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate
1011:Second Intermediate Period
800:Second Intermediate Period
474:
403:ancient Egyptian monuments
275:
222:
180:
7038:
6645:
6574:
6526:
6421:
6314:
6258:
6207:
6198:
6133:Philosophy of archaeology
6120:
6032:
5932:
5909:
5898:
5636:
5613:
5122:Egypt Exploration Society
5089:27 September 2008 at the
4196:10.1215/1089201X-24-1-251
1770:27 September 2011 at the
1512:23 September 2010 at the
1458:Cultural tourism in Egypt
1416:Egypt Exploration Society
1146:, who ruled Egypt before
557:Jean-François Champollion
289:led an excavation of the
5944:Ancient Egypt portal
5453:templates for discussion
5376:Wilkinson, Toby (2020).
5357:Thompson, Jason (2018).
5336:Thompson, Jason (2016).
5315:Thompson, Jason (2015).
5224:. Souvenir Press, 1998.
5108:21 February 2006 at the
4913:10.1515/geochr-2015-0041
4515:Davidson, Basil (1991).
4231:Journal of Black Studies
1851:National Geographic News
1551:El Daly, Okasha (2005).
1473:Excavation (archaeology)
1375:University of Manchester
1328:University of the Aegean
1263:through the research of
1033:. Hossam Ghanim, said: "
921:. Archaeologists led by
551:1822, the corresponding
199:opens the coffin of the
5484:"Egyptology collection"
5297:. Thames & Hudson.
5238:. Thames & Hudson.
5161:. Penguin Books, 2002.
5070:29 October 2015 at the
4500:Trigger, Bruce (1978).
1680:Description de l'Egypte
1426:Lexikon der Ägyptologie
1371:University of Liverpool
1363:University of Cambridge
627:Bibliotheca Alexandrina
609:In the modern era, the
547:Description de l'Egypte
495:Description de l'Égypte
391:Abdul Latif al-Baghdadi
5093:20:58GMT 3 August 2008
4828:Cite journal requires
4801:10.5281/zenodo.5998553
4610:Manzo, Andrea (2022).
4225:Walker, J. D. (1995).
2194:www.digitaljournal.com
1639:Woods, Thomas (2005).
1443:Artifact (archaeology)
1320:Prof. Ioannis Liritzis
1285:Egypt Exploration Fund
1044:, Egypt. According to
696:University of Tübingen
523:
511:
499:
387:
207:
6143:Archaeological ethics
6138:Archaeological diving
6128:Archaeological theory
5618:Glossary of artifacts
5186:Hill, Marsha (2007).
5040:en.mastersinleiden.nl
3858:. 18 September 2021.
3617:www.timesofisrael.com
3427:www.timesofisrael.com
3087:. 30 September 2019.
2508:. 17 September 2018.
1483:List of Egyptologists
1335:University of Chicago
1279:in Germany. In 1880,
623:Grand Egyptian Museum
574:English Egyptologist
541:Mémoires sur l'Égypte
517:
505:
484:
427:Frederic Louis Norden
382:
195:
6082:Augustus Pitt Rivers
6077:William Henry Holmes
6042:Archaeological sites
5435:. 13 September 2015.
5234:Manley, Bill (ed.).
5127:6 April 2012 at the
4178:Sedra, Paul (2004).
3913:Smithsonian Magazine
3765:Smithsonian Magazine
3399:. 14 November 2020.
3026:. 17 November 2019.
2598:. 11 November 2018.
2568:. 12 November 2018.
2415:Smithsonian Magazine
2106:. 21 November 2017.
1983:Smithsonian Magazine
1379:University of London
1359:University of Oxford
1297:James Henry Breasted
1118:said Marslav Barta.
1046:University of Warsaw
1007:Dakahlia Governorate
747:University of Warsaw
584:Florence Nightingale
569:Karl Richard Lepsius
553:Egyptian hieroglyphs
291:Great Sphinx of Giza
7061:Culture by location
6072:John Lloyd Stephens
6062:Heinrich Schliemann
5764:Cursive hieroglyphs
5559:archive-url website
5252:. Dodd Mead, 1978.
4904:2016Gchrm..43..121L
4351:Young, Robert J.C.
3705:. 3 February 2021.
3649:. 17 January 2021.
3550:. 30 January 2021.
3520:. 2 February 2021.
3299:. 19 October 2020.
2657:www.archaeology.org
2390:on 24 December 2020
1559:. pp. 127–97.
1555:. London, England:
1343:New York University
1261:academic discipline
1255:Academic discipline
1237:Northeastern Africa
1192:Marc Van De Mieroop
1170:British Africanist
1073:Alexander the Great
864:Philosopher of the
812:University of Milan
615:geophysical methods
555:were deciphered by
508:mask of Tutankhamun
399:Al-Azhar University
309:Classical Antiquity
7096:Vernacular culture
6820:Germanic languages
6596:History portal
6158:geophysical survey
5737:Funerary practices
5277:Mysteries of Egypt
5074:20:53GMT.14.3.2008
5046:on 18 January 2017
4684:(in Greek). 2019.
3579:The New York Times
3328:The New York Times
3297:The Times of India
3239:. 3 October 2020.
3209:. 6 October 2020.
2346:The New York Times
2076:. 27 August 2017.
2046:. 27 August 2017.
1913:The New York Times
1857:on 16 January 2021
1789:9 May 2021 at the
1387:Uppsala University
1367:Swansea University
1293:Oriental Institute
1265:Ippolito Rosellini
1184:Stuart Tyson Smith
1176:Hamitic hypothesis
1154:Bias in Egyptology
1084:Charles University
816:Greco-Roman period
648:statue of Pharaoh
565:Ippolito Rosellini
532:Napoleon Bonaparte
524:
520:Ippolito Rosellini
512:
506:The gold funerary
500:
457:Athanasius Kircher
413:European explorers
388:
368:Joseph's Granaries
208:
201:Eighteenth Dynasty
187:Egyptology (album)
7104:
7103:
7086:Political culture
6604:
6603:
6522:
6521:
6504:Pseudoarchaeology
6121:Method and theory
5992:
5991:
5747:Great Royal Wives
5717:Prehistoric Egypt
5387:978-1-5098-5870-5
5368:978-977-416-760-7
5349:978-977-416-692-1
5328:978-977-416-599-3
5304:978-0-500-05105-4
5266:. Bedrick, 1990.
5220:Jacq, Christian.
4682:archlab.aegean.gr
4648:978-0-691-24409-9
3975:GreekReporter.com
3826:www.aljazeera.com
3548:Egypt Independent
3085:Egypt Independent
2969:on 17 August 2019
2780:. 23 April 2019.
2719:. 24 April 2019.
2445:www.aljazeera.com
2256:. 22 April 2018.
2226:. 22 April 2018.
2196:. 22 April 2018.
2104:Egypt Independent
1834:978-0-500-29237-2
1383:Leiden University
1301:Epigraphic Survey
1269:Emmanuel de Rougé
1216:Christopher Ehret
934:Kathleen Martinez
908:Ptolemaic dynasty
866:Ptolemaic Kingdom
790:According to the
785:Neferirkare Kakai
739:Ptolemaic Dynasty
710:, and black hued
638:Pharaoh Ramses II
580:Harriet Martineau
528:invasion of Egypt
471:Modern Egyptology
455:scientist-priest
423:Benoît de Maillet
177:
176:
169:
159:
158:
112:
111:
68:
16:(Redirected from
7156:
7144:Oriental studies
7121:
7120:
7119:
7112:
7076:Official culture
7056:Cultural studies
6745:Central European
6639:cultural studies
6631:
6624:
6617:
6608:
6607:
6594:
6593:
6592:
6582:
6581:
6429:Archaeoastronomy
6396:Paleoethnobotany
6205:
6204:
6107:Alfred V. Kidder
6092:Mortimer Wheeler
6019:
6012:
6005:
5996:
5995:
5982:
5981:
5972:
5971:
5962:
5961:
5952:
5951:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5904:
5599:
5592:
5585:
5576:
5575:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5548:
5536:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5503:
5491:
5479:
5436:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5410:. Archived from
5391:
5372:
5353:
5332:
5308:
5291:Reeves, Nicholas
5262:Mertz, Barbara.
5248:Mertz, Barbara.
5217:
5215:
5213:
5157:David, Rosalie.
5144:
5138:
5132:
5119:
5113:
5100:
5094:
5081:
5075:
5062:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5042:. Archived from
5032:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5010:Guardian's Egypt
5002:
4996:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4915:
4898:(2–3): 121–130.
4883:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4854:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4831:
4826:
4824:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4788:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4690:
4679:
4671:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4594:
4586:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4384:Race & Class
4375:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4298:Race & Class
4289:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2965:. Archived from
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2566:The Vintage News
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2315:Realm of History
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2286:. 16 July 2018.
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1843:
1837:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1800:
1794:
1781:
1775:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1739:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1709:
1702:
1694:
1683:
1673:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1646:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1523:
1517:
1504:
1468:Ethnoarchaeology
1339:Brown University
1277:Heinrich Brugsch
1275:in England, and
1161:Cheikh Anta Diop
1096:Pyramids of Giza
988:Ptolemaic period
919:Book of the Dead
688:Temple of Karnak
463:as a vestige of
323:Diodorus Siculus
301:, fourth son of
243:
227:
226:
172:
165:
154:
151:
145:
122:
114:
107:
104:
98:
95:add more content
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
7164:
7163:
7159:
7158:
7157:
7155:
7154:
7153:
7149:African studies
7129:
7128:
7127:
7117:
7115:
7107:
7105:
7100:
7034:
6995:Southeast Asian
6920:Native American
6641:
6635:
6605:
6600:
6590:
6588:
6570:
6518:
6417:
6332:Archaeogenetics
6310:
6254:
6200:Sub-disciplines
6194:
6190:Post-excavation
6185:Lithic analysis
6116:
6087:Flinders Petrie
6028:
6023:
5993:
5988:
5938:
5936:
5928:
5905:
5896:
5632:
5609:
5603:
5565:
5563:
5551:
5539:
5527:
5518:
5516:
5494:
5482:
5478:on 30 May 2015.
5466:
5456:
5427:
5417:
5415:
5414:on 8 March 2010
5402:
5399:
5394:
5388:
5369:
5350:
5329:
5305:
5211:
5209:
5202:
5153:
5151:Further reading
5148:
5147:
5139:
5135:
5129:Wayback Machine
5120:
5116:
5110:Wayback Machine
5101:
5097:
5091:Wayback Machine
5082:
5078:
5072:Wayback Machine
5063:
5059:
5049:
5047:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5019:
5017:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4993:
4989:
4979:
4977:
4964:
4963:
4959:
4949:
4947:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4892:Geochronometria
4884:
4877:
4867:
4865:
4856:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4841:
4829:
4827:
4818:
4817:
4810:
4808:
4789:
4782:
4772:
4770:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4746:
4744:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4720:
4718:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4658:
4656:
4649:
4633:
4629:
4622:
4608:
4604:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4569:
4565:
4555:
4553:
4538:
4534:
4527:
4513:
4509:
4498:
4494:
4484:
4482:
4451:10.2307/2934962
4435:
4431:
4421:
4419:
4376:
4372:
4362:
4360:
4349:
4345:
4335:
4333:
4290:
4286:
4276:
4274:
4223:
4219:
4176:
4172:
4165:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4138:
4136:
4129:livescience.com
4121:
4117:
4107:
4105:
4090:
4086:
4076:
4074:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4046:
4044:
4029:
4025:
4015:
4013:
4006:Now Archaeology
3998:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3967:
3963:
3953:
3951:
3944:livescience.com
3936:
3932:
3922:
3920:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3865:
3863:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3835:
3833:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3805:
3803:
3796:livescience.com
3788:
3784:
3774:
3772:
3759:Solly, Meilan.
3757:
3753:
3743:
3741:
3734:livescience.com
3726:
3722:
3712:
3710:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3656:
3654:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3626:
3624:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3495:
3488:livescience.com
3480:
3476:
3466:
3464:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3359:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3320:
3316:
3306:
3304:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3148:. 28 May 2020.
3140:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3108:
3104:
3094:
3092:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3064:
3062:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2994:livescience.com
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2955:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2849:
2847:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2627:livescience.com
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2483:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2424:
2422:
2407:
2403:
2393:
2391:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2014:livescience.com
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1905:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1791:Wayback Machine
1782:
1778:
1772:Wayback Machine
1763:
1759:
1752:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1686:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1524:
1520:
1514:Wayback Machine
1505:
1501:
1496:
1434:
1347:Yale University
1281:Flinders Petrie
1257:
1209:Henri Frankfort
1156:
998:. According to
946:Taposiris Magna
677:Marcus Aurelius
576:Flinders Petrie
479:
473:
446:Pyramidographia
431:Richard Pococke
415:
393:, a teacher at
354:, travelers on
350:Throughout the
348:
311:
283:
281:First explorers
278:
190:
173:
162:
161:
160:
155:
149:
146:
139:
127:This article's
123:
108:
102:
99:
92:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7162:
7152:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7126:
7125:
7102:
7101:
7099:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7066:Ethnic studies
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7042:
7040:
7036:
7035:
7033:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6910:Middle Eastern
6907:
6902:
6897:
6895:Latin American
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6668:Asian American
6660:
6655:
6649:
6647:
6643:
6642:
6634:
6633:
6626:
6619:
6611:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6598:
6586:
6575:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6568:
6563:
6562:
6561:
6559:Assyriologists
6556:
6549:Archaeologists
6546:
6541:
6540:
6539:
6530:
6528:
6524:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6404:
6403:
6401:Zooarchaeology
6398:
6393:
6391:Geoarchaeology
6383:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6361:
6356:
6355:
6354:
6352:Paleopathology
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6327:Bioarchaeology
6324:
6318:
6316:
6315:Methodological
6312:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6211:
6209:
6202:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6124:
6122:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6097:Dorothy Garrod
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6047:Antiquarianism
6044:
6038:
6036:
6030:
6029:
6022:
6021:
6014:
6007:
5999:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5976:
5966:
5956:
5946:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5835:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5773:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5676:
5675:
5665:
5664:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5643:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5602:
5601:
5594:
5587:
5579:
5573:
5572:
5549:
5537:
5525:
5504:
5492:
5480:
5464:
5438:
5425:
5398:
5397:External links
5395:
5393:
5392:
5386:
5373:
5367:
5354:
5348:
5333:
5327:
5312:
5309:
5303:
5287:
5274:
5260:
5246:
5232:
5218:
5200:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5133:
5114:
5095:
5076:
5057:
5027:
4997:
4987:
4970:www1.aegean.gr
4957:
4927:
4875:
4849:
4839:
4830:|journal=
4780:
4754:
4728:
4702:
4666:
4647:
4627:
4621:978-1009074544
4620:
4602:
4582:978-1119620877
4581:
4563:
4532:
4525:
4507:
4492:
4429:
4370:
4343:
4284:
4217:
4190:(1): 249–259.
4170:
4164:978-1407307602
4163:
4146:
4115:
4084:
4054:
4023:
3992:
3961:
3930:
3899:
3873:
3843:
3813:
3782:
3751:
3720:
3694:
3664:
3634:
3604:
3565:
3535:
3505:
3474:
3444:
3414:
3384:
3353:
3314:
3284:
3254:
3224:
3194:
3163:
3133:
3102:
3072:
3041:
3011:
2980:
2949:
2918:
2887:
2857:
2826:
2795:
2765:
2734:
2704:
2674:
2644:
2613:
2583:
2553:
2523:
2493:
2462:
2432:
2409:Daley, Jason.
2401:
2371:
2332:
2301:
2271:
2241:
2211:
2181:
2151:
2121:
2091:
2061:
2031:
2000:
1977:Katz, Brigit.
1969:
1938:
1899:
1868:
1838:
1821:
1804:"Publications"
1795:
1776:
1757:
1750:
1730:Chaney, Edward
1721:
1703:. Saylor.org.
1684:
1670:, p. 85:
1660:
1653:
1631:
1625:978-0904152555
1624:
1612:Chaney, Edward
1603:
1597:978-9774245251
1596:
1586:Cairo, Egypt:
1572:
1565:
1543:
1536:
1518:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1256:
1253:
1245:archaeological
1172:Basil Davidson
1155:
1152:
1000:Mostafa Waziri
840:Djedkare Isesi
819:Thanks to the
796:Mostafa Waziri
731:Mostafa Waziri
472:
469:
465:early Egyptian
414:
411:
347:
344:
310:
307:
282:
279:
277:
274:
175:
174:
157:
156:
136:the key points
126:
124:
117:
110:
109:
86:appears to be
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7161:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7124:
7123:Ancient Egypt
7114:
7113:
7110:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7091:Super culture
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7037:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6665:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6644:
6640:
6632:
6627:
6625:
6620:
6618:
6613:
6612:
6609:
6597:
6587:
6585:
6577:
6576:
6573:
6567:
6564:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6554:Egyptologists
6552:
6551:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6525:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6499:Phenomenology
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6420:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6388:
6387:
6386:Environmental
6384:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6374:Computational
6372:
6370:
6369:Archaeogaming
6367:
6366:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6313:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6257:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6240:Post-Medieval
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6220:Protohistoric
6218:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6208:Chronological
6206:
6203:
6201:
6197:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6155:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6119:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6057:Richard Hoare
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6020:
6015:
6013:
6008:
6006:
6001:
6000:
5997:
5985:
5977:
5975:
5967:
5965:
5957:
5955:
5947:
5945:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5919:Egyptologists
5917:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5908:
5903:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5757:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5669:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5612:
5607:
5606:Ancient Egypt
5600:
5595:
5593:
5588:
5586:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5562:
5560:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5514:
5510:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5463:
5459:
5454:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5400:
5389:
5383:
5379:
5374:
5370:
5364:
5360:
5355:
5351:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5334:
5330:
5324:
5320:
5319:
5313:
5310:
5306:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5286:
5285:0-7922-9752-0
5282:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5272:0-87226-223-5
5269:
5265:
5261:
5259:
5258:0-396-07575-4
5255:
5251:
5247:
5245:
5244:0-500-05123-2
5241:
5237:
5233:
5231:
5230:0-285-63462-3
5227:
5223:
5219:
5207:
5203:
5201:9781588392312
5197:
5193:
5192:
5189:
5184:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5170:
5168:
5167:0-14-026252-0
5164:
5160:
5156:
5155:
5142:
5137:
5130:
5126:
5123:
5118:
5111:
5107:
5104:
5099:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5080:
5073:
5069:
5066:
5061:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5001:
4991:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4961:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4923:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4882:
4880:
4863:
4859:
4853:
4843:
4835:
4822:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4787:
4785:
4768:
4764:
4758:
4742:
4738:
4732:
4716:
4712:
4706:
4687:
4683:
4676:
4670:
4654:
4650:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4631:
4623:
4617:
4613:
4606:
4598:
4592:
4584:
4578:
4574:
4567:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4536:
4528:
4522:
4518:
4511:
4503:
4496:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4445:(46): 74–76.
4444:
4440:
4433:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4390:(2): 98–100.
4389:
4385:
4381:
4374:
4358:
4354:
4347:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4288:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4221:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4174:
4166:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4119:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4088:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4027:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3996:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3965:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3934:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3903:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3755:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3652:
3648:
3647:malaymail.com
3644:
3638:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3569:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3357:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3318:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3171:Magdy, Samy.
3167:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3106:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3015:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2617:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2049:
2045:
2044:Deccan Herald
2041:
2035:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2004:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1780:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1753:
1751:9789042020153
1747:
1743:
1738:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1706:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1669:
1668:Thompson 2015
1664:
1656:
1654:0-89526-038-7
1650:
1645:
1644:
1635:
1627:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1599:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1576:
1568:
1566:1-84472-063-2
1562:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1507:© Greg Reeder
1503:
1499:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1420:According to
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1165:Bruce Trigger
1162:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:Sixth Dynasty
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
942:Roman periods
939:
935:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
911:
909:
903:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
881:
879:
875:
870:
867:
863:
858:
856:
855:Franck Goddio
852:
848:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
822:
821:hieroglyphics
817:
813:
809:
804:
801:
797:
793:
788:
786:
782:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
750:
748:
742:
740:
734:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
692:
689:
685:
680:
678:
673:
669:
667:
663:
657:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
618:
616:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
588:Howard Carter
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
548:
543:
542:
537:
536:Rosetta Stone
533:
529:
521:
516:
509:
504:
497:
496:
491:
487:
483:
478:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:Claude Sicard
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
385:
384:Ibn Wahshiyya
381:
377:
375:
374:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
343:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
246:ancient Egypt
242:
237:
233:
232:
225:
220:
216:
212:
206:
202:
198:
197:Howard Carter
194:
188:
184:
179:
171:
168:
153:
150:November 2023
143:
137:
135:
130:
125:
121:
116:
115:
106:
96:
91:
89:
84:This article
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
18:Egyptological
7051:Area studies
7046:Anthropology
6960:Scandinavian
6890:Kremlinology
6810:Filipinology
6784:
6434:Archaeometry
6408:Experimental
6342:Near Eastern
6301:Near Eastern
6296:Mesopotamian
6290:
6250:Contemporary
6067:Arthur Evans
5913:
5646:Architecture
5564:. Retrieved
5556:
5544:
5532:
5517:. Retrieved
5512:
5499:
5487:
5476:the original
5471:
5446:
5432:
5416:. Retrieved
5412:the original
5407:
5377:
5358:
5338:
5317:
5294:
5276:
5263:
5249:
5235:
5221:
5210:. Retrieved
5191:
5188:
5179:
5172:
5158:
5136:
5117:
5098:
5079:
5060:
5048:. Retrieved
5044:the original
5039:
5030:
5018:. Retrieved
5009:
5000:
4990:
4978:. Retrieved
4969:
4960:
4948:. Retrieved
4940:www.mdpi.com
4939:
4930:
4895:
4891:
4866:. Retrieved
4852:
4842:
4821:cite journal
4809:. Retrieved
4771:. Retrieved
4757:
4745:. Retrieved
4731:
4719:. Retrieved
4705:
4693:. Retrieved
4681:
4669:
4657:. Retrieved
4637:
4630:
4611:
4605:
4572:
4566:
4554:. Retrieved
4545:
4535:
4516:
4510:
4501:
4495:
4483:. Retrieved
4442:
4432:
4420:. Retrieved
4387:
4383:
4373:
4361:. Retrieved
4346:
4334:. Retrieved
4304:(1): 31–60.
4301:
4297:
4287:
4275:. Retrieved
4237:(1): 77–85.
4234:
4230:
4220:
4187:
4183:
4173:
4154:
4149:
4137:. Retrieved
4128:
4118:
4106:. Retrieved
4097:
4087:
4075:. Retrieved
4067:Ahram Online
4066:
4057:
4045:. Retrieved
4037:The National
4036:
4026:
4014:. Retrieved
4005:
3995:
3983:. Retrieved
3974:
3964:
3952:. Retrieved
3943:
3933:
3921:. Retrieved
3912:
3902:
3892:24 September
3890:. Retrieved
3876:
3866:24 September
3864:. Retrieved
3855:
3846:
3834:. Retrieved
3825:
3816:
3804:. Retrieved
3795:
3785:
3773:. Retrieved
3764:
3754:
3742:. Retrieved
3733:
3723:
3711:. Retrieved
3697:
3685:. Retrieved
3676:
3667:
3655:. Retrieved
3646:
3637:
3625:. Retrieved
3616:
3607:
3595:. Retrieved
3578:
3568:
3556:. Retrieved
3547:
3538:
3526:. Retrieved
3517:
3508:
3496:. Retrieved
3487:
3477:
3465:. Retrieved
3456:
3447:
3435:. Retrieved
3426:
3417:
3405:. Retrieved
3396:
3387:
3375:. Retrieved
3367:The Guardian
3366:
3356:
3344:. Retrieved
3327:
3317:
3305:. Retrieved
3296:
3287:
3275:. Retrieved
3266:
3257:
3245:. Retrieved
3236:
3227:
3215:. Retrieved
3206:
3197:
3185:. Retrieved
3176:
3166:
3156:29 September
3154:. Retrieved
3145:
3136:
3126:29 September
3124:. Retrieved
3115:
3105:
3093:. Retrieved
3084:
3075:
3063:. Retrieved
3054:
3044:
3032:. Retrieved
3023:
3014:
3002:. Retrieved
2993:
2983:
2971:. Retrieved
2967:the original
2962:
2952:
2940:. Retrieved
2931:
2921:
2909:. Retrieved
2900:
2890:
2878:. Retrieved
2869:
2860:
2848:. Retrieved
2839:
2829:
2817:. Retrieved
2808:
2798:
2786:. Retrieved
2777:
2768:
2756:. Retrieved
2747:
2737:
2725:. Retrieved
2717:The Guardian
2716:
2707:
2697:11 September
2695:. Retrieved
2687:Ahram Online
2686:
2677:
2667:11 September
2665:. Retrieved
2656:
2647:
2635:. Retrieved
2626:
2616:
2604:. Retrieved
2596:The Guardian
2595:
2586:
2574:. Retrieved
2565:
2556:
2544:. Retrieved
2536:polandin.com
2535:
2526:
2514:. Retrieved
2505:
2496:
2484:. Retrieved
2475:
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2444:
2435:
2423:. Retrieved
2414:
2404:
2392:. Retrieved
2388:the original
2383:
2374:
2362:. Retrieved
2345:
2335:
2323:. Retrieved
2314:
2304:
2292:. Retrieved
2283:
2274:
2262:. Retrieved
2253:
2244:
2232:. Retrieved
2223:
2214:
2202:. Retrieved
2193:
2184:
2172:. Retrieved
2163:
2154:
2142:. Retrieved
2133:
2124:
2112:. Retrieved
2103:
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2073:
2064:
2052:. Retrieved
2043:
2034:
2022:. Retrieved
2013:
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1982:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1951:
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1912:
1902:
1890:. Retrieved
1881:
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1855:the original
1850:
1841:
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1798:
1779:
1760:
1735:
1724:
1712:. Retrieved
1698:"Egyptology"
1679:
1675:
1663:
1642:
1634:
1615:
1606:
1581:
1575:
1552:
1546:
1527:
1521:
1502:
1425:
1419:
1402:
1397:
1391:
1332:
1317:
1290:
1273:Samuel Birch
1258:
1213:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1181:
1169:
1157:
1120:
1116:Book of Dead
1077:
1070:
1039:
1034:
1020:
1004:
985:
962:
931:
912:
904:
897:
882:
874:26th Dynasty
871:
859:
844:
825:
805:
789:
778:
774:12th Dynasty
751:
743:
735:
720:
693:
681:
674:
670:
658:
654:
642:Psammetich I
635:
619:
608:
600:18th Dynasty
573:
561:Thomas Young
545:
539:
525:
493:
450:
445:
442:Lord Arundel
438:John Greaves
435:
416:
389:
371:
349:
312:
284:
266:architecture
241:علم المصريات
229:
214:
210:
209:
178:
163:
147:
131:
129:lead section
103:October 2022
100:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
6925:New Zealand
6765:Circumpolar
6710:Assyriology
6514:Transgender
6439:Battlefield
6215:Prehistoric
6175:Burnt layer
6112:George Bass
6026:Archaeology
5984:WikiProject
5798:Mathematics
5759:Hieroglyphs
5673:Portraiture
5641:Agriculture
5628:Main topics
5441:‹ The
5020:13 November
4868:17 February
4811:17 February
4548:: 325–345.
4098:TrendRadars
3677:www.msn.com
3457:www.msn.com
3095:24 February
3065:24 February
3034:24 February
2901:Head Topics
2425:29 December
2394:29 December
2364:29 December
2254:Daily Sabah
2174:28 December
2144:28 December
2114:28 December
2084:24 February
2054:24 February
2024:24 February
1463:Egyptomania
1448:Assyriology
1271:in France,
1227:as well as
1144:Shepseskare
965:Zahi Hawass
923:Zahi Hawass
915:Antiquities
878:Oxyrhynchus
836:5th Dynasty
723:sarcophagus
666:Abu Qir Bay
604:Tutankhamun
490:cartography
364:Holy Family
356:pilgrimages
352:Middle Ages
346:Middle Ages
303:Ramesses II
295:Dream Stele
287:Thutmose IV
205:Tutankhamun
7139:Egyptology
7133:Categories
6900:Macedonian
6880:Kartvelian
6795:Eskimology
6785:Egyptology
6780:East Asian
6725:Belarusian
6715:Australian
6658:Albanology
6537:by country
6469:Industrial
6464:Indigenous
6413:Underwater
6359:Calceology
6281:Australian
6259:Geographic
6245:Historical
6180:Excavation
5914:Egyptology
5882:Technology
5845:Philosophy
5793:Literature
5685:Chronology
5566:27 October
5519:10 October
5458:Egyptology
5418:15 October
5212:27 October
5050:18 January
4936:"Heritage"
4556:13 October
4526:0684826674
4485:13 October
4443:Transition
4422:13 October
4363:13 October
4336:13 October
4277:13 October
3744:5 February
3713:5 February
3397:EgyptToday
3116:Al-Monitor
3024:EgyptToday
2963:Nosy Media
1993:14 January
1962:14 January
1931:14 January
1892:14 January
1861:14 January
1537:0231132301
1494:References
1377:, and the
1267:in Italy,
1249:linguistic
1104:sarcophagi
1015:Naqada III
889:Ptah-Soker
862:Ptolemy IV
851:Heracleion
847:Ptolemy II
828:Necropolis
762:sarcophagi
727:Alexandria
662:Alexandria
475:See also:
407:al-Maqrizi
373:Itineraria
339:Ptolemy II
299:Khaemweset
258:literature
211:Egyptology
50:improve it
7081:Philology
7071:Ethnology
7015:Ukrainian
7010:Turkology
6915:Mongolian
6845:Hispanism
6840:Hungarian
6800:Ethiopian
6770:Coptology
6700:Aromanian
6637:Regional
6474:Landscape
6347:Osteology
6230:Classical
5818:Mythology
5742:Geography
5732:Dynasties
5680:Astronomy
4591:cite book
4475:156002419
4459:0041-1191
4412:145646841
4404:0306-3968
4326:145514370
4318:0306-3968
4267:144667194
4251:0021-9347
4212:143690935
4204:1548-226X
4016:11 August
3985:11 August
3954:11 August
3923:11 August
3587:0362-4331
3336:0362-4331
3237:Arab News
3207:SlashGear
3177:USA TODAY
3004:17 August
2973:17 August
2942:17 August
2911:17 August
2354:0362-4331
2224:Arab News
2074:DNA India
1921:0362-4331
1488:Nubiology
1478:Iranology
1453:Coptology
1225:El-Badari
1214:In 2023,
1190:In 2021,
1182:In 2018,
1139:limestone
1108:limestone
714:possibly
646:limestone
592:discovery
448:in 1646.
360:Holy Land
335:Ptolemy I
315:Herodotus
134:summarize
56:talk page
7025:Yugoslav
6980:Sinology
6965:Scottish
6930:Oriental
6905:Mandaean
6870:Japanese
6850:Indology
6835:Hellenic
6825:Hawaiian
6805:European
6775:Croatian
6735:Canadian
6695:Armenian
6663:American
6584:Category
6566:Journals
6484:Mortuary
6479:Maritime
6454:Funerary
6449:Feminist
6444:Conflict
6422:Thematic
6337:Medieval
6291:Egyptian
6286:Oceanian
6271:American
6235:Medieval
6225:Biblical
6102:Max Uhle
5954:Category
5875:District
5870:Capitals
5855:Religion
5838:Titulary
5828:Pharaohs
5808:Military
5803:Medicine
5786:Hieratic
5776:Language
5702:Clothing
5656:Obelisks
5443:template
5293:(2000).
5206:Archived
5125:Archived
5106:Archived
5087:Archived
5068:Archived
5014:Archived
4980:31 March
4974:Archived
4950:31 March
4944:Archived
4922:67846164
4862:Archived
4805:Archived
4773:31 March
4767:Archived
4747:31 March
4741:Archived
4721:31 March
4715:Archived
4695:31 March
4686:Archived
4659:22 March
4653:Archived
4550:Archived
4479:Archived
4416:Archived
4357:Archived
4330:Archived
4271:Archived
4139:8 August
4133:Archived
4108:2 August
4102:Archived
4077:2 August
4071:Archived
4047:2 August
4041:Archived
4010:Archived
3979:Archived
3948:Archived
3917:Archived
3886:Archived
3860:Archived
3830:Archived
3800:Archived
3769:Archived
3738:Archived
3707:Archived
3681:Archived
3651:Archived
3621:Archived
3591:Archived
3552:Archived
3522:Archived
3518:BBC News
3492:Archived
3461:Archived
3431:Archived
3401:Archived
3371:Archived
3340:Archived
3301:Archived
3271:Archived
3267:ABC News
3241:Archived
3211:Archived
3181:Archived
3150:Archived
3146:Zee News
3120:Archived
3089:Archived
3059:Archived
3028:Archived
2998:Archived
2936:Archived
2932:Newsweek
2905:Archived
2874:Archived
2870:Sky News
2844:Archived
2813:Archived
2809:Fox News
2782:Archived
2752:Archived
2721:Archived
2691:Archived
2661:Archived
2631:Archived
2600:Archived
2570:Archived
2540:Archived
2510:Archived
2506:BBC News
2480:Archived
2476:euronews
2449:Archived
2419:Archived
2358:Archived
2319:Archived
2288:Archived
2258:Archived
2228:Archived
2198:Archived
2168:Archived
2164:phys.org
2138:Archived
2108:Archived
2078:Archived
2048:Archived
2018:Archived
1987:Archived
1956:Archived
1925:Archived
1886:Archived
1808:Archived
1793:BBC News
1787:Archived
1768:Archived
1705:Archived
1590:. 2000.
1510:Archived
1432:See also
1241:Badarian
1221:genetics
1148:Nyuserre
1137:had two
1062:Userkare
992:hieratic
893:Nefertem
792:Al-Ahram
712:gemstone
704:obsidian
590:'s 1922
331:Egyptian
262:religion
254:language
203:pharaoh
7039:Related
6975:Serbian
6970:Semitic
6955:Russian
6945:Romance
6935:Pacific
6865:Italian
6855:Iranian
6830:Hebraic
6790:English
6760:Chinese
6750:Chicano
6690:Aramaic
6653:African
6544:Periods
6379:Virtual
6364:Digital
6266:African
6168:Sondage
6034:History
5974:Outline
5964:Commons
5924:Museums
5860:Scribes
5850:Pottery
5781:Demotic
5771:History
5722:Cuisine
5651:Revival
5515:. Cairo
5445:below (
4900:Bibcode
4467:2934962
4259:2784711
3597:17 June
3558:17 June
3528:17 June
3498:17 June
3467:1 March
3437:1 March
3407:1 March
3377:1 March
3346:1 March
2778:ANSAMed
2546:1 March
2516:1 March
2486:1 March
2455:1 March
2384:Science
2325:1 March
2294:1 March
2264:1 March
2234:1 March
2204:1 March
2134:Haaretz
1952:Reuters
1814:23 June
1714:6 March
1326:of the
1204:Hamitic
1135:portico
1042:Saqqara
977:obelisk
973:Saqqara
950:amulets
900:Saqqara
885:Saqqara
832:Saqqara
708:calcite
656:on it.
650:Seti II
594:of the
522:in 1832
358:to the
327:Manetho
276:History
250:history
7109:Portal
7030:Zhuang
7005:Taiwan
7000:Syriac
6990:Somali
6985:Slavic
6950:Romani
6940:Polish
6885:Korean
6875:Jewish
6815:German
6740:Celtic
6730:Bengal
6720:Balkan
6678:Latino
6533:Sites
6459:Gender
6322:Aerial
6306:Nubian
6153:Survey
5823:People
5690:Cities
5608:topics
5462:Curlie
5448:Curlie
5384:
5365:
5346:
5325:
5301:
5283:
5270:
5256:
5242:
5228:
5198:
5165:
4920:
4645:
4618:
4579:
4523:
4473:
4465:
4457:
4410:
4402:
4324:
4316:
4265:
4257:
4249:
4210:
4202:
4161:
3585:
3334:
2352:
1919:
1832:
1748:
1651:
1622:
1594:
1563:
1534:
1373:, the
1369:, the
1361:, the
1353:, and
1311:; the
1307:; the
1233:Levant
1229:Naqada
1127:Warsaw
1112:basalt
1088:scarab
1080:Prague
1066:Pepy I
1027:Hathor
954:Osiris
781:Wahtye
770:Bastet
766:bronze
700:coffin
684:Osiris
461:Coptic
453:Jesuit
319:Strabo
236:Arabic
231:-logia
224:-λογία
213:(from
7020:Welsh
6860:Irish
6755:Czech
6705:Asian
6673:Black
6646:Local
6527:Lists
6509:Queer
6489:Music
6276:Asian
5887:Trade
5865:Sites
5813:Music
5727:Dance
5661:Pylon
5623:Index
4995:time.
4918:S2CID
4689:(PDF)
4678:(PDF)
4471:S2CID
4463:JSTOR
4408:S2CID
4322:S2CID
4263:S2CID
4255:JSTOR
4208:S2CID
3836:4 May
3806:4 May
3775:4 May
3687:4 May
3657:4 May
3627:4 May
3307:4 May
3277:4 May
3247:4 May
3217:4 May
3187:4 May
2880:4 May
2850:4 May
2819:4 May
2788:4 May
2758:4 May
2727:4 May
2637:4 May
2606:4 May
2576:4 May
1744:–74.
1708:(PDF)
1701:(PDF)
1197:kemet
1031:Horus
996:Aswan
969:Naert
958:crown
938:Greek
927:Naert
808:Aswan
758:Sixth
754:Fifth
602:King
395:Cairo
329:, an
219:Greek
215:Egypt
6685:Arab
6494:Nazi
5833:List
5752:List
5695:List
5568:2018
5521:2011
5420:2006
5382:ISBN
5363:ISBN
5344:ISBN
5323:ISBN
5299:ISBN
5281:ISBN
5268:ISBN
5254:ISBN
5240:ISBN
5226:ISBN
5214:2014
5196:ISBN
5163:ISBN
5052:2017
5022:2011
4982:2023
4952:2023
4870:2022
4834:help
4813:2022
4775:2023
4749:2023
4723:2023
4697:2023
4661:2023
4643:ISBN
4616:ISBN
4597:link
4577:ISBN
4558:2022
4521:ISBN
4487:2022
4455:ISSN
4424:2022
4400:ISSN
4365:2022
4338:2022
4314:ISSN
4279:2022
4247:ISSN
4200:ISSN
4159:ISBN
4141:2022
4110:2022
4079:2022
4049:2022
4018:2022
3987:2022
3956:2022
3925:2022
3894:2021
3868:2021
3838:2021
3808:2021
3777:2021
3746:2021
3715:2021
3689:2021
3659:2021
3629:2021
3599:2021
3583:ISSN
3560:2021
3530:2021
3500:2021
3469:2021
3439:2021
3409:2021
3379:2021
3348:2021
3332:ISSN
3309:2021
3279:2021
3249:2021
3219:2021
3189:2021
3158:2020
3128:2020
3097:2021
3067:2021
3036:2021
3006:2019
2975:2019
2944:2019
2913:2019
2882:2021
2852:2021
2821:2021
2790:2021
2760:2021
2729:2021
2699:2020
2669:2020
2639:2021
2608:2021
2578:2021
2548:2021
2518:2021
2488:2021
2457:2021
2427:2020
2396:2020
2366:2020
2350:ISSN
2327:2021
2296:2021
2266:2021
2236:2021
2206:2021
2176:2020
2146:2020
2116:2020
2086:2021
2056:2021
2026:2021
1995:2021
1964:2021
1933:2021
1917:ISSN
1894:2021
1863:2021
1830:ISBN
1816:2021
1746:ISBN
1716:2012
1649:ISBN
1620:ISBN
1592:ISBN
1561:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1422:UCLA
1385:and
1349:and
1092:Giza
1064:and
1058:Teti
981:Teti
940:and
756:and
716:onyx
629:and
596:tomb
582:and
563:and
451:The
429:and
337:and
268:and
217:and
5668:Art
5460:at
4908:doi
4797:doi
4447:doi
4392:doi
4306:doi
4239:doi
4192:doi
3055:CNN
2840:CNN
2748:CNN
1882:CNN
1583:...
1125:in
1090:in
1082:'s
1048:'s
1037:".
944:at
830:in
725:in
664:'s
598:of
530:by
397:'s
270:art
7135::
5555:.
5543:.
5531:.
5511:.
5498:.
5486:.
5470:.
5431:.
5406:.
5204:.
5038:.
5012:.
5008:.
4972:.
4968:.
4942:.
4938:.
4916:.
4906:.
4896:43
4894:.
4890:.
4878:^
4860:.
4825::
4823:}}
4819:{{
4803:.
4795:.
4783:^
4765:.
4739:.
4713:.
4680:.
4651:.
4593:}}
4589:{{
4544:.
4477:.
4469:.
4461:.
4453:.
4441:.
4414:.
4406:.
4398:.
4388:34
4386:.
4382:.
4355:.
4328:.
4320:.
4312:.
4302:45
4300:.
4296:.
4269:.
4261:.
4253:.
4245:.
4235:26
4233:.
4229:.
4206:.
4198:.
4188:24
4186:.
4182:.
4131:.
4127:.
4100:.
4096:.
4069:.
4065:.
4039:.
4035:.
4008:.
4004:.
3977:.
3973:.
3946:.
3942:.
3915:.
3911:.
3884:.
3854:.
3828:.
3824:.
3798:.
3794:.
3767:.
3763:.
3736:.
3732:.
3679:.
3675:.
3645:.
3619:.
3615:.
3589:.
3581:.
3577:.
3546:.
3516:.
3490:.
3486:.
3459:.
3455:.
3429:.
3425:.
3395:.
3369:.
3365:.
3338:.
3330:.
3326:.
3295:.
3269:.
3265:.
3235:.
3205:.
3179:.
3175:.
3144:.
3118:.
3114:.
3083:.
3057:.
3053:.
3022:.
2996:.
2992:.
2961:.
2934:.
2930:.
2903:.
2899:.
2872:.
2868:.
2842:.
2838:.
2811:.
2807:.
2776:.
2750:.
2746:.
2715:.
2689:.
2685:.
2659:.
2655:.
2629:.
2625:.
2594:.
2564:.
2538:.
2534:.
2504:.
2478:.
2474:.
2447:.
2443:.
2417:.
2413:.
2382:.
2356:.
2348:.
2344:.
2317:.
2313:.
2282:.
2252:.
2222:.
2192:.
2166:.
2162:.
2136:.
2132:.
2102:.
2072:.
2042:.
2016:.
2012:.
1985:.
1981:.
1954:.
1950:.
1923:.
1915:.
1911:.
1884:.
1880:.
1849:.
1806:.
1742:39
1687:^
1682:."
1365:,
1345:,
1341:,
1337:,
1247:,
1150:.
1131:Ra
1068:.
1060:,
1056::
895:.
749:.
741:.
706:,
668:.
433:.
425:,
421:,
321:,
317:,
264:,
260:,
256:,
252:,
238::
234:;
228:,
59:.
7111::
6630:e
6623:t
6616:v
6018:e
6011:t
6004:v
5598:e
5591:t
5584:v
5570:.
5561:)
5547:.
5535:.
5523:.
5502:.
5490:.
5422:.
5390:.
5371:.
5352:.
5331:.
5307:.
5216:.
5054:.
5024:.
4984:.
4954:.
4924:.
4910::
4902::
4872:.
4836:)
4832:(
4815:.
4799::
4777:.
4751:.
4725:.
4699:.
4663:.
4624:.
4599:)
4585:.
4560:.
4529:.
4504:.
4489:.
4449::
4426:.
4394::
4367:.
4340:.
4308::
4281:.
4241::
4214:.
4194::
4167:.
4143:.
4112:.
4081:.
4051:.
4020:.
3989:.
3958:.
3927:.
3896:.
3870:.
3840:.
3810:.
3779:.
3748:.
3717:.
3691:.
3661:.
3631:.
3601:.
3562:.
3532:.
3502:.
3471:.
3441:.
3411:.
3381:.
3350:.
3311:.
3281:.
3251:.
3221:.
3191:.
3160:.
3130:.
3099:.
3069:.
3038:.
3008:.
2977:.
2946:.
2915:.
2884:.
2854:.
2823:.
2792:.
2762:.
2731:.
2701:.
2671:.
2641:.
2610:.
2580:.
2550:.
2520:.
2490:.
2459:.
2429:.
2398:.
2368:.
2329:.
2298:.
2268:.
2238:.
2208:.
2178:.
2148:.
2118:.
2088:.
2058:.
2028:.
1997:.
1966:.
1935:.
1896:.
1865:.
1818:.
1754:.
1718:.
1672:"
1657:.
1628:.
1600:.
1569:.
1540:.
498:.
189:.
170:)
164:(
152:)
148:(
138:.
105:)
101:(
90:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.