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1142:... from 1713 to 1749 Nova Scotia was neglected by England, but the crafty designs of the French to acquire by fraud what they could not obtain by force drew the attention of the British public to the importance of the colony, and encouragements were held out to retired officers, &c. to whom officers of grants of land were made; 3760 adventurers were embarked with their families for the colony; Parliament granted 40,000
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The officers faced court martial on "suspicion of disobedience of orders and neglect of duty." Byng was found guilty and executed. Cornwallis testified that he had not disobeyed orders, but that it was "impracticable" to land at
Menorca due to stiff French defences. Further, he said he was following
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called a council of war, which involved
Cornwallis, and advised the return of the fleet to Gibraltar leaving the garrison at Menorca to its fate. Byng, Cornwallis and the other officers were arrested when they returned to England. A large, unruly mob attacked the officers as they left their ships in
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Scalp as the Custom is) or every Indian taken , Man, Woman or Child." Despite the bounty, the
British forces and settlers had virtually no encounters with the Mi'kmaq and their raids against the British continued. Cornwallis increased the bounty dramatically for Mi'kmaw warriors. Settlers brought in
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proclamation to remove the Mi'kmaq from peninsular Nova Scotia. As part of the proclamation, he offered a bounty for the capture or scalps of Mi'kmaw men. Later instructions offered a bounty for the capture of women and children: the bounty promised a reward for "every Indian you shall destroy (upon
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and Mi'kmaq (Mi'kmaw) from
Chignecto in the Summer of 1749. They agreed with the British to end fighting and renewed an earlier 1725 treaty drafted in Boston, redrafted as the Treaty of 1749. Cornwallis's efforts to have other Mi'kmaq tribes sign treaties were rejected. Most Mi'kmaq leaders in Nova
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When
Cornwallis arrived in Halifax, there had already been a decades-long history of the Mi'kmaq participating in raids on British settlements in present-day Maine, often allied with French colonists in continuing national tensions. Both sides took captives, sometimes for ransom or adoption by First
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called
Lochaber." Cumberland added: "You have positive orders to bring no more prisoners to the camp." Cumberland's campaign was later described by one historian as one of unrestrained violence. Cornwallis ordered his men to chase off livestock, and destroy crops and food stores. Against Cornwallis'
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with Major Cope, attending at Cope's request. Having committed to being
Governor only for two years, Cornwallis eventually resigned his commission and left the colony in October 1752. The treaty was ultimately rejected by most of the other Mi'kmaq leaders. Cope burned the treaty six months after he
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renamed its
Cornwallis Street to Bridge Street in September 2023. Lunenburg is another municipality that is committed to renaming its Cornwallis Street. The town approved a change to Queen Street in December 2023, but is reconsidering that choice to provide for public input over a possible Mi'kmaw
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For some contemporary commentators, the original proclamation's reference to the bounty applying to "every Indian" created confusion over whether or not the bounty targeted only Mi'kmaw men or all Mi'kmaw people. Cornwallis' later instructions to Cobb clarifies that the initial bounty was offered
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The statue became the site of several Mi'kmaw protests in 2017 and the city established a committee to determine how to deal with the issue. Disturbed by lack of progress, in
January 2018 the Assembly of Mi'kmaq Chiefs called for immediate removal of the statue. The Cornwallis statue was covered
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As
Governor, Cornwallis reported to the Board of Trade of Britain. The Board repeatedly expressed concern to Cornwallis for overspending: over the amount of bread delivered, the cost of arming Chignecto. In March 1751, Cornwallis was told that he would lose the confidence of parliament unless he
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on 21 June 1749, followed by the rest of the fleet five days later. The expedition suffered only one death during the passage, due to careful preparations, good ventilation on the ships, and good luck. This was remarkable at a time when the lengthy transatlantic expeditions regularly lost large
718:). During this time period, various British governors had issued proclamations against the Mi'kmaq for their participation in the raids. One of Cornwallis's first priorities was to renew early treaties with the Mi'kmaq and other indigenous tribes in the region. He met with chiefs of the
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proclamation of 1749, orders to bring back scalps of those he considered to be rebels. His administration erected forts at Grand Pre, Chignecto and Halifax and organized a militia of 840 men. Despite these efforts, the conflict would continue for several years after Cornwallis' term.
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on 30 January 2018 and placed into storage. Council worked with Mi'kmaw Chiefs to establish a task force to examine the commemoration of Cornwallis and the final disposition of the statue, as well as how best to commemorate Indigenous history in the Halifax Regional Municipality.
1220:"Tuttle's Popular History of the Dominion of Canada, with Art Illustrations: From the Earliest Settlement of the British-American Colonies to the Present Time: Together with Portrait Engravings and Biographical Sketches of the Most Distinguished Men of the Nation"
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Cornwallis is commemorated in Nova Scotia in the naming of its rivers, parks, streets, towns, and buildings. Such historic commemoration of Cornwallis has become controversial because of the extirpation proclamation. In Halifax, there were numerous protests at a
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refrained from overspending in the future. Cornwallis replied that the Board had underestimated the task of establishing Halifax under such hostile conditions and that to "flatter Your Lordships with hopes of savings" would be "dissimulation of the worst kind."
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Initially it was not determined which twin brother would enter the church and which the military. The matter was decided by accident: one day, Frederick fell and the injury paralysed his arm. He would take the religious path. At age 18, in 1731, Edward was
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in a Canadian colony. It instituted the first British law courts in Canada; established a public school for orphans; and respected religious diversity through separation of church and state. It recruited European immigrants to Halifax, establishing
637:, due to its close access to the ocean and ease of defence. His naval advisers opposed this site because it lacked shelter and had shallows preventing the docking of ocean-going ships. They wanted the town to be located at the head of
742:"The place where you are, where you are building dwellings, where you are now building a fort, where you want, as it were, to enthrone yourself, this land of which you want to make yourself absolute master, this land belongs to me".
828:. With this raid, the Mi'kmaq stopped British expansion and they stopped attacking. Cornwallis interpreted the cessation of attacks as the Mi'kmaq wanting peace. Cornwallis laid the foundation for and was at the signing of the
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for her class's proposal to return the statue to Cornwallis Park as part of a larger commemoration of regional ethnic groups. They suggested that the Cornwallis statue be installed among three other statues:
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which saw a failed amphibious descent on the French coastline. The vast force massed on the Isle of Wight before sailing for Rochefort. The fleet stopped at Île D'Aix and examined the French defences.
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in a downtown park, leading to its removal. A Halifax church, junior high school, street and park all are no longer named after Cornwallis. Other municipalities are also removing Cornwallis' name.
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Note: The newspaper article has the date of the increase of the bounty wrong, saying that the amount was increased "four months" from the day the letter was written, but it was nine months later.
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married Mary's half sister, Elizabeth, daughter of Charles and his first wife, Elizabeth Pelham. Through his brother's marriage, he became uncle of Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis.
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with French missionary Malliard in September 1749 to respond to these British actions. They composed a letter to Cornwallis making it clear that, while they tolerated the small garrison at
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1146:. for their support, and they landed at Chebucto harbour, where the town of Halifax was soon erected by the new emigrants under the command of their Governor the Hon. Edward Cornwallis
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542:, he led a regiment of 320 men north for the pacification of the Scottish Highlands. The Duke of Cumberland ordered him to "plunder, burn and destroy through all the west part of
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Despite the war footing, Cornwallis' administration would establish the Nova Scotian government, consisting of an Executive and Legislative Council, governed by the first
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Mordaunt was arrested and faced court martial. Cornwallis testified that an attempted landing at Rochefort would have been "dangerous, almost impracticable and madness."
656:). By 24 July, the plans of the town had been drawn up. In August lots were drawn to award settlers their town plots in a settlement that was to be named "Halifax" after
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on 9 February 1776. Both of his family titles are now extinct. In 1899, MacDonald wrote, "His name is fast coming under the category of 'Britain's forgotten worthies'."
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The Report of the General Officers, Appointed to enquire into the conduct of Major General Stuart, and Colonels Cornwallis and the Earl of Effingham, 8 December 1756.
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Cornwallis served as the governor of Gibraltar from 14 June 1761 to January 1776 when he died at the age of 63. His body was returned to England and laid to rest at
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22 February] 1713 – 14 January 1776) was a British career military officer and member of the aristocratic Cornwallis family, who reached the rank of
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The "Foreign Protestants" and the Settlement of Nova Scotia: The History of a Piece of Arrested British Colonial Policy in the Eighteenth Century.
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Byng's command. "I looked upon myself as under the command of the admiral and should have thought it my duty to have obeyed him", he testified.
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of peninsular Nova Scotia. The Mi'kmaq opposed the founding of Halifax and conducted war raids on the colony. Cornwallis responded with the
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History of Nova Scotia, Cape Breton, the Sable Islands, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, the Bermudas, Newfoundland, &c., &c
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Cornwallis sought to project British military power throughout Nova Scotia by establishing forts in the largest Acadian communities, at
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Plank, Geoffrey (2005). "New England soldiers in the Saint John River valley: 1758–1760". In Stephen J. Hornsby; John G. Reid (eds.).
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982:), and landmarks have been named after Cornwallis. A number of ships were named after Cornwallis, including the 1944 harbour ferry
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The four statutes would be positioned as if in a conversation with each other, discussing their accomplishments and struggles.
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Patterson, Stephen (1994). "1744–1763: Colonial Wars and Aboriginal Peoples". In Phillip A. Buckner & John G. Reid (ed.).
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Lieutenant-governors who served in the absence of governors are listed in parentheses. Acting administrators are listed in
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1599:, University of Ottawa, 1971, at p. 138, referencing Cornwallis' instructions to Capt. Silvanus Cobb, commanding the sloop
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In November 1756 Cornwallis was one of three colonels who were ordered to proceed to Gibraltar and from there embark for
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These commemorations of Cornwallis have become controversial in Nova Scotia. Cornwallis Junior High School was renamed
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orders, some soldiers raped and murdered non-combatants in an incident to intimidate Jacobites from further rebellion.
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In 2021, Cornwallis Park in Halifax was renamed "Peace and Friendship Park" by the Regional Municipality of Halifax.
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The Proceedings of a General Court-Martial held at Whitehall upon the Trial of Lieutenant-General Sit John Mordaunt.
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A Great and Noble Scheme: The Tragic Story of the Expulsion of the French Acadians from Their American Homeland
1757:"Halifax church drops Cornwallis name, now known as New Horizons Baptist Church - Halifax | Globalnews.ca"
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to disassociate itself from Cornwallis. In 2023, Cornwallis Street in Halifax was renamed Nora Bernard Street.
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To stop the raids on the British settlements and pressure the natives into submission, Cornwallis announced an
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Cornwallis immediately had to decide where to site the town. Settlement organizers in England had recommended
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only for Mi'kmaw males and the instructions added a reward for taking Mi'kmaw women and children as captives.
652:; it was halfway up the harbour with deep water, and protected by a natural, defensible hill (later known as
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1657:"Correspondence of William Shirley: governor of Massachusetts and military commander in America, 1731–1760"
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Heroes of the Acadian Resistance:The Story of Joseph Beausoleil Broussard and Pierre II Surette 1702-1765
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Mi'kmaq leaders regarded the Halifax settlement as "a great theft that you have perpetrated against me."
607:. In this period, governors were frequently selected from senior officers. He sailed from England aboard
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Scott, Tod (2016). "Mi'kmaw Armed Resistance to British Expansion in Northern New England (1676–1761)".
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1914:"2018 Finalists for the Governor General's History Award for Excellence in Teaching - Canada's History"
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1258:"Search Out the Land", The Jews and the Growth of Equality in British Colonial America, 1740–1867.
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In September 2018, a petition was started by a Halifax resident requesting Cornwallis Street in
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On 28 January 2019, Temma Frecker, a Nova Scotia teacher at The Booker School, was awarded the
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A Particular History of the Five Years French and Indian War in New England and Parts Adjacent
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Jan 26, Anjuli Patil · CBC News · Posted; January 26, 2019 4:09 PM AT | Last Updated.
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2075:"In the name of Peace and Friendship: Former Cornwallis Park in Halifax gets a new name"
1878:"Cornwallis statue project nets Port Williams teacher prestigious award | CBC News"
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Cornwallis arrived in Nova Scotia during a period of conflict with the local indigenous
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2098:"Bridgewater changes name of Cornwallis Street, citing treatment of Indigenous people"
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Cornwallis decided to land the settlers and build the town at the site of present-day
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2398:"The two Majors Cope: the boundaries of nationality in mid-18th century Nova Scotia"
2147:"Mi'kmaw in Nova Scotia scratching their heads after suggestion for new street name"
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in January 2012, In 2018, the Cornwallis Street Baptist Church changed its name to
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In May 1751, the Mi'kmaq mounted their largest attack on British settlers with the
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for King George II (a position he held for the next 17 years). He was then made
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Endgame 1758: The Promise, the Glory, and the Despair of Louisbourg's Last Decade
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2033:"New names for Halifax's Cornwallis Street range from commemorative to random"
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on 14 May 1749, followed by a settlement expedition of 15 vessels (including
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Portsmouth and later burned effigies of Cornwallis and the other officers.
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with the task of establishing a new British settlement to counter France's
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Essays on Northeastern North America, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
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Documentary on Cornwallis Statue – CBC Radio – Maritime Magazine Archives
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An Unsettled Conquest: The British Campaign Against the Peoples of Acadia
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LOUISBOURG AND THE INDIANS: A STUDY IN IMPERIAL RACE RELATIONS, 1713–1760
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404:, Great Britain's first Prime Minister. Cornwallis was next appointed as
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396:. Later Cornwallis returned to London, where he was elected as MP for
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Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
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Cornwallis was also one of the senior officers in the September 1757
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was later also built on this site and it is furnished still with his
436:, made up of Protestants from Germany and Switzerland, and the first
186:
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The First Way of War: American War Making on the Frontier, 1607–1814
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New England and the Maritime Provinces: Connections and Comparisons
2060:"Cornwallis Street in Halifax to be renamed to Nora Bernard Street"
1236:
Nova Scotia, in Its Historical, Mercantile and Industrial Relations
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renamed Cornwallis Street to Crescent Street in 2022. The town of
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946:. His marriage to Mary did not produce any children. His brother,
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2121:"Kentville approves new name for Cornwallis Street through town"
1829:"Mi'kmaq chiefs call for immediate removal of Cornwallis statue"
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CORNWALLIS, Hon. Edward (1713-76), of Essington, Herts. (1970).
538:. After fighting with the victorious government soldiers at the
491:, were made royal pages at the age of 12. They were enrolled at
460:, was First Lord of the Admiralty. His maternal grandfather was
2476:"Amerindian Power in the Early Modern Northeast: A Reappraisal"
1955:"Petition to rename Cornwallis Street delivered to city hall"
966:) places (Cornwallis Street in Halifax, Cornwallis Street in
4078:
British Army personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession
1980:"September 18, 2018 Halifax Regional Council Action Summary"
1614:"The London Magazine, or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer"
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The Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies (History)
2368:(PhD thesis). Vancouver: University of British Columbia.
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Dark Mimesis: a cultural history of the scalping paradigm
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be renamed to honour the prominent human rights advocate
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The Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia, 1710-1760
1802:"Cornwallis Street to be renamed to Nora Bernard Street"
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In 1763, Cornwallis married Mary Townshend, daughter of
641:, a sheltered location with deep water. Others favoured
380:. After Cornwallis fought in Scotland, putting down the
534:
Cornwallis played an important role in suppressing the
2200:. With William Shirley. Albany, New York: Joe Munsell.
625:) carrying about 2500 settlers. Cornwallis arrived at
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British Army personnel of the Jacobite rising of 1745
1432:
Cobbett's Parliamentary History of England: 1741-1743
1674:
2440:. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 59–73.
1855:"Halifax council votes to remove Cornwallis statue"
1512:
Journal of the Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society
4103:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
1826:
738:, they completely opposed settlement at Halifax:
678:The table first used by Edward Cornwallis and the
562:for 1753 to 1762, in Parliament he was seen as an
2482:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 129–152.
2349:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 125–155.
1637:
1283:
1281:
1260:McGill Queen's University Press. 1997, pp. 76–77;
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954:Commemorations and controversies in Nova Scotia
942:and Dorothy Townshend (Walpole), the sister of
4088:British Army personnel of the Seven Years' War
4038:Canadian military personnel from New Brunswick
2182:. Vol. IV (1771–1800) (online ed.).
1278:
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2837:
2539:. Formac Publishing Company Limited Halifax.
1776:"Black church to cast aside Cornwallis' name"
1201:"The Constitutions of the Maritime Provinces"
4023:Canadian military personnel from Nova Scotia
2235:The Museum Called Canada: 25 Rooms of Wonder
1894:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1875:
1522:
1479:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
777:). The French erected forts at present- day
690:Nations. (See the Northeast Coast Campaigns
3394:List of lieutenant governors of Nova Scotia
1739:"Cornwallis Junior High officially renamed"
1579:
1577:
1012:with a tarpaulin, then removed by order of
962:, a former Canadian Forces Base located in
583:Cornwallis built Governor's House (1749). (
519:In the 20th regiment, led by Brig. General
230:Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis
3653:Lieutenant-governors of Nova Scotia before
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3352:
2851:
2844:
2830:
2118:
1898:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1483:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1428:
727:Scotia remained loyal to the French King.
630:numbers of persons to infectious disease.
569:
36:
4033:Military history of the Thirteen Colonies
2466:
2383:
2373:
2344:
1703:
1701:
1568:
1542:
940:Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend
663:
3760:government and Confederation (1848–1867)
3758:Lieutenant-governors between responsible
3401:Governors at Annapolis Royal (1710–1749)
2534:
2515:Cornwallis: The Violent Birth of Halifax
2294:
2204:
2095:
1852:
1583:
1574:
1232:
1218:Tuttle, Charles Richard (5 March 1877).
929:
909:
850:
812:
810:only one scalp in the next nine months.
673:
578:
523:, Edward Cornwallis participated in the
458:Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Baron Cornwallis
269:Charles Cornwallis, 4th Baron Cornwallis
225:Charles Cornwallis, 4th Baron Cornwallis
215:Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Baron Cornwallis
2512:
2454:
2273:
2252:
2030:
1773:
1716:
1692:
1531:
1497:
1416:
1404:
1380:
1368:
1356:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1287:
1198:
948:Charles Cornwallis, 1st Earl Cornwallis
934:Edward Cornwallis' wife, Mary Townshend
468:(1682-1684). Cornwallis was the son of
255:Charles Cornwallis, 1st Earl Cornwallis
4058:Governors of the Colony of Nova Scotia
4010:
2363:
2316:
2072:
2057:
1827:The Canadian Press (28 January 2018).
1698:
1292:. The Chronicle Herald. Archived from
1217:
1147:
1114:Military history of the Mi'kmaq people
574:
121:14 June 1761 – 1 January 1776
3347:
2825:
2435:
2414:
2395:
2190:
2144:
2119:Fairclough, Ian (27 September 2023).
1853:Campbell, Francis (30 January 2018).
1848:
1846:
1680:
1643:
1553:
1509:
1392:
1333:"Story – Honorable Edward Cornwallis"
1222:. D. Downie – via Google Books.
1183:
1181:
1179:
847:Great Britain in the Seven Years' War
235:James Cornwallis, 4th Earl Cornwallis
4093:King's Regiment (Liverpool) officers
2571:Image of letter signed by Cornwallis
2421:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
2347:The Atlantic Region to Confederation
2228:
2171:
1774:Bundale, Brett (17 September 2017).
1308:
1187:
2058:Seguin, Nicola (12 December 2022).
2031:Willick, Francis (1 January 2022).
2000:
1245:halliburton history of nova scotia.
840:
440:congregation in a Canadian colony.
13:
3655:responsible government (1786–1848)
3380:Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia
3242:British dependent territory (1981)
2008:"HALIFAX REGIONAL COUNCIL MINUTES"
1843:
1429:Parliament, Great Britain (1812).
1256:Sheldon Godfrey and Judy Godfrey.
1176:
514:
14:
4164:
3583:of Cape Breton Island (1784–1820)
3286:British Overseas Territory (2002)
2554:
2176:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.).
2145:Moore, Angel (14 December 2023).
1290:"Meet the real Edward Cornwallis"
1233:Campbell, Duncan (5 March 1873).
487:Cornwallis and his twin brother,
462:Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Arran
434:the first ethnic German community
220:Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Arran
16:18th-century British Army general
4148:People of Father Le Loutre's War
4073:British Army lieutenant generals
3480:Governors at Halifax (1749–1786)
3382:
3374:
3332:
2861:
2302:. University of Nebraska Press.
2259:. University of Oklahoma Press.
2179:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
2108:– via atlantic.ctvnews.ca.
2085:– via atlantic.ctvnews.ca.
1952:
1199:Rieksts, Mark (1 January 2013).
1119:Military history of the Acadians
1022:Governor General's History Award
925:
899:, head of the naval forces, and
495:at age 14. Their older brother,
288:
4153:People educated at Eton College
4028:Military history of New England
2364:Peotto, Thomas (January 2018).
2164:
2138:
2112:
2089:
2066:
2051:
2024:
1972:
1946:
1940:"Burying Sir John A. Macdonald"
1932:
1906:
1869:
1820:
1794:
1767:
1749:
1731:
1722:
1710:
1686:
1649:
1606:
1589:
1562:
1547:
1536:
1503:
1491:
1460:The History of Parliament Trust
1439:
1422:
1410:
1398:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1288:Tattrie, John (11 March 2012).
1156:
1109:Military history of Nova Scotia
960:Canadian Forces Base Cornwallis
820:, named after Edward Cornwallis
558:from 1743 to 1749 and then for
341:20th Foot, 40th Foot, 24th Foot
4108:South Wales Borderers officers
4053:40th Regiment of Foot officers
2280:. Cambridge University Press.
2096:MacIssac, Alex (2 June 2022).
2073:Frisko, Bruce (21 June 2021).
1456:The House of Commons 1715–1754
1350:
1250:
1243:– via Internet Archive.
1226:
1211:
1192:
1136:
1036:, a civil rights activist and
855:Edward Cornwallis, etching of
550:In 1747 Cornwallis was made a
529:War of the Austrian Succession
350:War of the Austrian Succession
1:
4098:Lancashire Fusiliers officers
1170:
451:
2460:Halifax: Warden of the North
2296:Johnston, A. J. B.
1066:and governor of Nova Scotia
7:
2587:Parliament of Great Britain
2462:. McClelland & Stewart.
2184:University of Toronto Press
1273:University of Toronto Press
1102:
1006:New Horizons Baptist Church
1002:Halifax Central Junior High
682:(1749), The Red Chamber of
10:
4169:
4018:Military history of Acadia
2873:Spanish period (1462–1704)
1062:in honor of Mi'kmaq Chief
844:
667:
430:the first Jewish community
382:Jacobite rebellion of 1745
3994:
3816:
3757:
3652:
3580:
3479:
3400:
3391:
3330:
2868:
2859:
2810:
2801:
2793:
2783:
2774:
2766:
2761:
2751:
2741:
2733:
2723:
2713:
2705:
2700:
2686:
2660:Member of Parliament for
2658:
2646:
2632:
2606:Member of Parliament for
2604:
2592:
2585:
2535:Marshall, Dianne (2011).
2318:Martin, Robert Montgomery
990:Canadian Coast Guard Ship
893:General Sir John Mordaunt
787:Port Elgin, New Brunswick
456:Cornwallis' grandfather,
400:and married the niece of
363:
345:
337:
329:
319:
311:
301:
283:
278:
261:
210:
202:
192:
176:
166:
161:
157:
145:
133:
125:
114:
107:
95:
83:
73:
62:
55:
51:
35:
23:
2924:Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
2506:10.3138/9781442688032.12
2415:Plank, Geoffrey (2001).
2396:Plank, Geoffrey (1996).
2172:Beck, J. Murray (1979).
2157:– via aptnnews.ca.
1129:
1014:Halifax Regional Council
599:appointed Cornwallis as
296:Kingdom of Great Britain
2777:Governor of Nova Scotia
2737:The Marquess of Lothian
2328:Whittaker & Company
1543:Reid & Baker (2008)
970:, Cornwallis Street in
964:Deep Brook, Nova Scotia
867:, which was then under
730:Mi'kmaq leaders met at
601:Governor of Nova Scotia
570:Governor of Nova Scotia
552:Groom of the Bedchamber
536:Jacobite rising of 1745
390:Governor of Nova Scotia
57:Governor of Nova Scotia
4113:Younger sons of barons
4063:Governors of Gibraltar
2853:Governors of Gibraltar
2517:. Pottersfield Press.
2274:Grenier, John (2005).
2253:Grenier, John (2008).
1620:. 1751. Archived from
1262:Bell, Winthrop Pickard
935:
860:
821:
744:
686:
670:Father Le Loutre's War
664:Father Le Loutre's War
592:
354:Father Le Loutre's War
4133:British MPs 1761–1768
4128:British MPs 1754–1761
4123:British MPs 1747–1754
4118:British MPs 1741–1747
2804:Governor of Gibraltar
2745:24th Regiment of Foot
2717:40th Regiment of Foot
2566:Centre Acadien (1996)
2513:Tattrie, Jon (2013).
2488:10.3138/9781442688032
2214:. W. W. Norton.
2192:Drake, Samuel Gardner
1239:. J. Lovell. p.
978:, and the village of
933:
916:Culford Parish Church
910:Governor of Gibraltar
854:
845:Further information:
816:
740:
677:
582:
509:47th Regiment of Foot
438:Protestant dissenting
406:Governor of Gibraltar
312:Years of service
109:Governor of Gibraltar
42:Edward Cornwallis by
3581:Lieutenant-governors
2576:29 June 2021 at the
2456:Raddall, Thomas Head
2174:"Cornwallis, Edward"
1859:The Chronicle Herald
1839:on 17 February 2018.
1833:The Chronicle Herald
1782:. The Canadian Press
1448:"Romney R. Sedgwick"
1124:Groom of the Chamber
1049:Canadian Coast Guard
1040:; and Mi'kmaw Chief
958:Several buildings, (
897:Admiral Edward Hawke
489:Frederick Cornwallis
446:statue of Cornwallis
394:Halifax, Nova Scotia
386:Groom of the Chamber
245:Frederick Cornwallis
3053:Crown colony (1830)
3011:Kent and Strathearn
2206:Faragher, John Mack
2100:. CTV News Atlantic
2077:. CTV News Atlantic
1942:. 18 December 2020.
1865:on 30 January 2018.
1337:www.mastermason.com
985:Governor Cornwallis
680:Nova Scotia Council
605:Fortress Louisbourg
589:Nova Scotia Council
575:Founding of Halifax
480:in Suffolk and the
466:Governor of Ireland
384:, he was appointed
372:(5 March [
3817:Post-Confederation
2762:Political offices
2640:Courthorpe Clayton
2596:Stephen Cornwallis
2375:10.14288/1.0363040
1920:on 30 January 2019
1808:. 13 December 2022
1745:. 26 January 2012.
1719:, pp. 217–220
1075:North End, Halifax
1064:Jean-Baptiste Cope
1038:Black Nova Scotian
936:
861:
857:John Giles Eccardt
822:
687:
597:British Government
593:
540:Battle of Culloden
525:Battle of Fontenoy
497:Stephen Cornwallis
378:Lieutenant General
324:Lieutenant General
250:Stephen Cornwallis
240:William Cornwallis
26:Lieutenant-General
4138:Cornwallis family
4005:
4004:
3341:
3340:
3100:Napier of Magdala
2890:occupation (1704)
2820:
2819:
2811:Succeeded by
2784:Succeeded by
2752:Succeeded by
2724:Succeeded by
2701:Military offices
2694:Hon. Edwin Sandys
2690:Viscount Pulteney
2687:Succeeded by
2681:Viscount Pulteney
2671:Viscount Trentham
2666:1753–1762
2650:Viscount Trentham
2636:Nicholas Hardinge
2633:Succeeded by
2627:Nicholas Hardinge
2612:1743–1749
2546:978-0-88780-978-1
2497:978-0-8020-9137-6
2472:Baker, Emerson W.
2287:978-1-139-44470-5
2266:978-0-8061-3876-3
1959:The Coast Halifax
1475:cite encyclopedia
1059:Kopit Hopson 1752
1053:Edward Cornwallis
994:Edward Cornwallis
918:in Culford, near
889:Raid on Rochefort
826:Raid on Dartmouth
370:Edward Cornwallis
367:
366:
30:Edward Cornwallis
4160:
3386:
3378:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3345:
3344:
3336:
3185:Mason-Macfarlane
3135:Forestier-Walker
2865:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2823:
2822:
2797:The Earl of Home
2794:Preceded by
2787:Peregrine Hopson
2770:Richard Philipps
2767:Preceded by
2734:Preceded by
2727:Peregrine Hopson
2709:Richard Philipps
2706:Preceded by
2654:Sir Peter Warren
2647:Preceded by
2593:Preceded by
2583:
2582:
2550:
2528:
2509:
2463:
2451:
2432:
2411:
2392:
2387:
2377:
2360:
2341:
2313:
2291:
2270:
2249:
2238:. Random House.
2225:
2201:
2187:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1984:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1916:. Archived from
1910:
1904:
1903:
1893:
1885:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1861:. Archived from
1850:
1841:
1840:
1835:. Archived from
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1780:DurhamRegion.com
1771:
1765:
1764:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1683:, pp. 33–34
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1624:on 15 April 2013
1610:
1604:
1595:Olive Dickason,
1593:
1587:
1586:, pp. 38–40
1581:
1572:
1569:Patterson (1994)
1566:
1560:
1551:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1529:
1520:
1519:
1507:
1501:
1500:, pp. 24–25
1495:
1489:
1488:
1478:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1452:Sedgwick, Romney
1443:
1437:
1436:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1329:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1285:
1276:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1196:
1190:
1185:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1140:
1068:Peregrine Hopson
976:Cornwallis River
920:Bury St. Edmunds
841:Seven Years' War
767:Fort Vieux Logis
650:Downtown Halifax
627:Chebucto Harbour
474:Baron Cornwallis
358:Seven Years' War
294:
292:
291:
279:Military service
183:
162:Personal details
152:Baron Heathfield
148:
136:
119:
102:Peregrine Hopson
98:
90:Richard Philipps
86:
67:
40:
21:
20:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3990:
3818:
3812:
3759:
3753:
3654:
3648:
3582:
3576:
3475:
3396:
3387:
3372:
3342:
3337:
3328:
2897:Hesse-Darmstadt
2866:
2855:
2850:
2816:
2807:
2799:
2789:
2780:
2772:
2757:
2748:
2743:Colonel of the
2739:
2729:
2720:
2715:Colonel of the
2711:
2696:
2692:
2679:
2676:Sir John Crosse
2674:
2667:
2665:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2638:
2625:
2622:Roger Townshend
2620:
2617:John Cornwallis
2613:
2611:
2602:
2600:John Cornwallis
2598:
2578:Wayback Machine
2557:
2547:
2531:
2525:
2498:
2448:
2429:
2357:
2338:
2310:
2288:
2267:
2246:
2230:Gray, Charlotte
2222:
2167:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2071:
2067:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1987:City of Halifax
1982:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1951:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1887:
1886:
1874:
1870:
1851:
1844:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1772:
1768:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1627:
1625:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1603:13 January 1750
1594:
1590:
1584:Johnston (2008)
1582:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1462:
1444:
1440:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1341:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1296:on 18 July 2017
1286:
1279:
1255:
1251:
1231:
1227:
1216:
1212:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1105:
980:Cornwallis Park
956:
928:
912:
849:
843:
783:Fort Beauséjour
736:Annapolis Royal
672:
666:
577:
572:
517:
515:Military career
482:Channel Islands
454:
413:Miꞌkmaq peoples
356:
352:
289:
287:
274:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
185:
181:
180:14 January 1776
172:London, England
171:
146:
134:
120:
115:
96:
84:
68:
63:
47:
44:Joshua Reynolds
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4166:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4003:
4002:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3819:(1867–present)
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3798:
3793:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3769:
3763:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3722:
3717:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3693:
3688:
3676:
3671:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3371:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3329:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
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3097:
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1763:. 7 May 2018.
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2165:Bibliography
2151:. Retrieved
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2124:
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2091:
2079:. Retrieved
2068:
2053:
2041:. Retrieved
2036:
2026:
2014:. Retrieved
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1986:
1974:
1962:. Retrieved
1958:
1948:
1934:
1922:. Retrieved
1918:the original
1908:
1881:
1871:
1863:the original
1858:
1837:the original
1832:
1822:
1812:25 September
1810:. Retrieved
1805:
1796:
1786:18 September
1784:. Retrieved
1779:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1724:
1712:
1688:
1681:Plank (1996)
1676:
1664:. Retrieved
1660:
1651:
1646:, p. 34
1644:Plank (1996)
1639:
1626:. Retrieved
1622:the original
1617:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1564:
1554:Drake (1870)
1549:
1538:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1493:
1463:. Retrieved
1455:
1441:
1431:
1424:
1419:, p. 31
1412:
1407:, p. 29
1400:
1395:, p. 67
1393:Plank (2005)
1388:
1383:, p. 28
1376:
1371:, p. 20
1364:
1359:, p. 36
1352:
1340:. Retrieved
1336:
1298:. Retrieved
1294:the original
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1083:Nora Bernard
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455:
442:
425:constitution
422:
410:
369:
368:
346:Battles/wars
306:British Army
182:(1776-01-14)
170:5 March 1713
147:Succeeded by
140:Earl of Home
116:
97:Succeeded by
64:
18:
4048:1776 deaths
4043:1713 births
3779:Le Marchant
3732:C. Campbell
3519:W. Campbell
2662:Westminster
2410:(2): 18–40.
2062:. CBC News.
2016:22 November
1992:27 November
1964:27 November
1661:archive.org
1465:28 November
1188:Beck (1979)
1148:Martin 1837
1092:Bridgewater
1079:Rocky Jones
1030:Noël Doiron
901:James Wolfe
833:signed it.
818:Fort Edward
802:extirpation
759:Fort Edward
560:Westminster
527:during the
417:extirpation
398:Westminster
135:Preceded by
85:Preceded by
4012:Categories
3796:MacDonnell
3773:Bazalgette
3691:Sherbrooke
3487:Cornwallis
3085:Codrington
2976:Cornwallis
2880:De Salinas
2808:1761–1776
2781:1749–1752
2749:1752–1776
2721:1750–1752
2683:1761–1762
2629:1748–1749
2403:Acadiensis
2385:2429/64367
2130:10 January
2043:12 January
1924:2 February
1618:HathiTrust
1556:, p.
1171:References
875:. Admiral
805:producing
779:Saint John
732:St. Peters
610:HMS Sphinx
452:Early life
315:1730s–1776
284:Allegiance
3926:A. Fraser
3896:Stanfield
3866:D. Fraser
3841:Archibald
3703:Dalhousie
3674:Wentworth
3595:Macarmick
3590:Desbarres
3548:Arbuthnot
3543:Francklin
3531:Francklin
3469:Mascarene
3459:Armstrong
3442:Caulfeild
3430:Caulfeild
3425:Nicholson
3418:Caulfeild
3210:Keightley
3200:MacMillan
3165:Harington
3120:Nicholson
3080:Fergusson
3021:Dalrymple
3001:Rainsford
2907:Shrimpton
2678:1754–1761
2673:1753–1754
2624:1747–1748
2619:1743–1747
2153:8 January
2104:8 January
2081:8 January
1666:13 August
1628:13 August
1342:13 August
1096:Kentville
972:Lunenburg
968:Shelburne
877:John Byng
871:from the
795:Dartmouth
771:Chignecto
763:Grand Pré
643:Dartmouth
507:into the
257:(brother)
252:(brother)
247:(brother)
211:Relations
187:Gibraltar
129:George II
117:In office
78:George II
69:1749–1752
65:In office
3981:J. Grant
3951:Shaffner
3881:M. Grant
3871:McGregor
3826:Williams
3808:Williams
3737:Falkland
3720:Maitland
3668:Bulkeley
3497:Lawrence
3449:Philipps
3293:Richards
3249:Williams
3220:Lathbury
3195:Anderson
3190:Eastwood
3170:Ironside
3125:Biddulph
3110:Hardinge
3095:Williams
3075:Gardiner
3065:Woodford
3031:Campbell
2966:Tyrawley
2951:Hargrave
2931:Portmore
2887:Habsburg
2574:Archived
2474:(2008).
2458:(1948).
2320:(1837).
2298:(2008).
2232:(2004).
2208:(2005).
2194:(1870).
2125:SaltWire
1890:cite web
1743:CTV News
1103:See also
988:and the
859:portrait
751:Pisiguit
720:Maliseet
564:Old Whig
338:Commands
333:8th Foot
271:(father)
242:(nephew)
237:(nephew)
232:(nephew)
227:(father)
3998:italics
3986:LeBlanc
3976:Francis
3971:Freeman
3956:Abraham
3936:MacKeen
3921:McCurdy
3916:Kendall
3911:Mathers
3886:Douglas
3876:MacKeen
3851:McLelan
3743:Dickson
3726:Jeffrey
3714:Jeffrey
3679:Prévost
3644:Ainslie
3622:Despard
3608:Ogilvie
3601:Mathews
3570:Fanning
3507:Belcher
3454:Doucett
3264:Chapple
3259:Reffell
3235:Jackson
3175:Liddell
3060:Houston
3041:Chatham
3026:Cradock
2941:Clayton
2917:Stanwix
2912:Elliott
1518:: 1–18.
1454:(ed.).
1300:20 July
1269:Toronto
1205:Law Now
1027:Acadian
865:Menorca
785:), and
769:), and
755:Windsor
591:table.)
478:Culford
470:Charles
197:Culford
126:Monarch
74:Monarch
3966:Kinley
3961:Crouse
3901:Covert
3846:Richey
3784:Phipps
3767:Harvey
3749:Harvey
3636:Swayne
3629:Nepean
3615:Murray
3558:Hamond
3553:Hughes
3514:Wilmot
3492:Hopson
3308:Dutton
3298:Fulton
3230:Grandy
3205:Redman
3160:Godley
3140:Hunter
3070:Wilson
3006:O'Hara
2991:Eliott
2946:Sabine
2902:Nugent
2668:With:
2614:With:
2543:
2521:
2504:
2494:
2444:
2425:
2353:
2334:
2306:
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2263:
2242:
2218:
2149:. APTN
2037:cbc.ca
1275:, 1961
1099:name.
974:, the
873:French
472:, 4th
293:
262:Parent
203:Spouse
46:(1756)
3946:Gosse
3941:Oland
3906:Irwin
3861:Jones
3831:Doyle
3802:Doyle
3790:Doyle
3708:Kempt
3697:Smyth
3684:Croke
3538:Legge
3525:Green
3502:Ellis
3464:Cosby
3437:Vetch
3413:Hobby
3408:Vetch
3318:Steel
3313:Davis
3303:Johns
3279:Durie
3269:White
3254:Terry
3155:Monro
3145:Miles
3130:White
3115:Smyth
3090:Airey
2981:Irwin
2961:Fowke
2956:Bland
2502:JSTOR
2039:. CBC
2011:(PDF)
1983:(PDF)
1601:York,
1450:. In
1130:Notes
1057:CCGS
869:siege
791:Canso
3931:Plow
3891:Tory
3856:Daly
3836:Howe
3662:Parr
3565:Parr
3274:Luce
3225:Begg
3215:Ward
3180:Gort
3105:Adye
2996:Boyd
2986:Boyd
2971:Home
2936:Kane
2541:ISBN
2519:ISBN
2492:ISBN
2442:ISBN
2423:ISBN
2351:ISBN
2332:ISBN
2304:ISBN
2282:ISBN
2261:ISBN
2240:ISBN
2216:ISBN
2155:2024
2132:2023
2106:2024
2083:2024
2045:2022
2018:2021
1994:2018
1966:2018
1926:2019
1900:link
1896:link
1814:2023
1788:2017
1668:2017
1630:2017
1485:link
1481:link
1467:2022
1344:2017
1302:2017
1047:The
793:and
716:1747
712:1746
708:1745
704:1724
700:1723
696:1703
692:1688
619:and
595:The
493:Eton
464:, a
374:O.S.
330:Unit
320:Rank
177:Died
167:Born
3046:Don
3036:Don
3016:Fox
2608:Eye
2484:doi
2408:XXV
2380:hdl
2370:doi
1882:CBC
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