Education in Brazil

591:, education became seen as a way to create a fairer society. "Citizen schools" emerged, designed to promote critical thinking, incorporation of marginalized people, and curiosity (over rote memorization and obedience). Education also became more standardized during and immediately following the World War II era, regulating the length of each level of schooling and the content of lessons, as well as outlining the requirements for becoming a primary school teacher. However, only about 16% of secondary school educators actually held degrees. Additionally, vocational secondary was emphasized as an option for lower-income students. During the period of economic growth around the 1950s, education in Brazil also became more accessible to lower-income people, with the numbers of students in both primary and secondary education significantly increasing. 1020:(Example of lato sensu: MBA, specialization, medical residency, among others). Graduate degrees stricto sensu are courses that confer academic title. After graduation, the student must do a master's degree with a duration of two years and after that period present a master's thesis. If it is approved by the examining board, it will receive the master's degree. The doctorate course in Brazil is the most academic degree course. In order to study this postgraduate course it is necessary to have the title of Master. The doctorate has a duration of four years and must be unpublished. After four years of course the student will present the doctoral thesis to an assessment bank, if approved will receive the title of Doctor. 276: 615: 5208: 1924: 24: 710: 738:

nurseries for children under 2, kindergartens for 2- to 3-year-olds, and preschools for children 4 and up. Public preschools are provided by city governments. Pre-school education is typically taught by a combination of teachers who hold early childhood education degrees and teachers' aides, who typically only need a high school education. The average child-staff ratio in pre-school education is 1 teacher to every 14 students, and 8 students to every staff member including both teachers and aides.

928: 646:"Indigenous schools" became an official educational category in 1991 by the Brazilian Ministry of Education and Culture, meaning schools for indigenous people are no longer categorized solely as missionary schools or reservations schools. The change in designation has allowed these schools to be designated as state or municipal public schools, and receive funding and guidelines accordingly. The designation has also allowed more data to be collected on indigenous schools. 288: 4940: 369: 690:

computers, and schools often did not have the budget to distribute them. From the start of the school closures in March 2020 to August 2020, it is estimated that about 38 million students in basic education were left with no educational instruction or activity. Additionally, many rural and indigenous regions have particularly low access to technology and reliable internet, making virtual learning widely inaccessible to students from those areas.

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and mathematics. Additionally, preparatory exams for secondary and tertiary education began to be widely used during the First Republic era. These exams were used to gauge a students preparedness for a certain course or subject. Education during this period continued to be mostly inaccessible to the black population of Brazil, due to the variety of socio-economic pressures they faced despite the abolition of slavery.

147: 535:. During the period of the Brazilian empire, the government did guarantee primary education to all Brazilians. However, this largely excluded enslaved people and indigenous people. Additionally, the established educational system was largely unable to serve the entire country, given the lack of resources and large size of Brazil. The first public secondary school was established in Rio de Janeiro in 1837, the 918: 4952: 337:

Europe but rapidly extended to America and Asia. The first elementary school in Brazil was founded by the Jesuits in what is now the city of Salvador, Bahia, and they established several others as well as high schools throughout the 1500s. These schools were primarily located in the more coastal regions of Brazil, as those had the largest colonial populations. The foundation of

819:) to at least 200 days. Elementary schools must provide students with at least 800 hours of activities per year. The school calendar is set by individual schools, generally starting at February and ending in late november or early december, with some exceptions at the countryside, which often organize their calendars according to planting and harvesting seasons in rural areas. 903:. In addition, students must pass an entrance examination for their specific course, needing to reach a specific score to enroll. These institutions usually have a greater number of hours per week. The instruction of the technical course lasts from one year and a half to two years at subsequent courses, and three to four years at Integrated courses. 346:

literature, languages, arts, music and religious debate corresponded to the same main purpose of Christianisation. By the middle of the 16th century the Jesuits were present in West Africa, South America, Ethiopia, India, China, and Japan. This enlargement of their missionary activities took shape to a large extent within the framework of the

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secondary students, wholly or partly in English outside an English-speaking country, or if a school in a country where English is one of the official languages, offers an English-medium curriculum other than the country's national curriculum and is international in its orientation." This definition is used by publications including

638:, the campaigns hoped to combat the high amounts of illiteracy in the countryside. Beginning in 1963, the campaigns were centered in rural areas. Paulo Freire's methods were widely popular due to the immediacy in which they seemed to work: as he claimed, a student could learn to read and write in 40 hours. The growing fear of 751:

child should be 6 years old, but some education systems allow children younger than 6 to enroll in first year (as long as they turn 6 during the first academic semester). Older students who have not completed their elementary education are allowed to attend, though those over 18 are separated from the younger children.

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school than white students. While the differences between them have narrowed in the 21st century, black students on average get about one year of education less than their white counterparts. In recent years, Brazilian universities have been using affirmative action programs to attempt to remedy these inequalities.

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There are two types of Technical education in Brazil: Integrated and Subsequent. The Integrated technical education requires the completion of their elementary school years, as the course is joint with the general high school curriculum. While the Subsequent techncal education requires the student to

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as they are called (as opposed to the former eight grades of elementary school). The current "first year" broadly corresponds to the former pre-school last year of private institutions, and its aim is to achieve literacy. Generally speaking, the only prerequisite for enrolling in first year is that a

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Pre-school education is optional and exists to aid in the development of children under 6. It aims to assist in all areas of child development, including motor skills, cognitive skills, and social skills while providing fertile ground for the later acquisition of knowledge and learning. There are day

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made in that year, among the free inhabitants (8,419,672 people), 38% were white, 39% were mixed race and 11% were black. Only 23.4% of the free men and 13.4% of the free women could read and write. In 1889, six decades after independence, only 20% of the total population could read and write. In the

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and served as both a day school as well as a boarding school. Other public secondary schools followed under a similar structure. Despite being public schools, the student bodies were predominately made up of economically well-off white men. Until the 20th century, it was a large rural nation with low

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to Brazil. In the late 18th century, Portuguese minister of the kingdom, the Marquis of Pombal, attacked the power of the privileged nobility and the church, and expelled the Jesuits from Portugal and its overseas possessions. Pombal seized the Jesuit schools and introduced education reforms all over

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Despite its shortcomings, Brazil has progressed substantially since the 1980s. The nation witnessed an increase in school enrollment for children age 7–14, from 80.9% in 1980 to 96.4% in the year 2000. In the 15-17 age demographic, in the same period, this rate rose from 49.7% to 83%. Literacy rates

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was one of the main goals of the Jesuits and they were committed to teaching and education, in Europe and overseas. The missionary activities, in the cities and in the countryside, were complemented by a strong commitment to education. This took the form of the opening of schools for boys, first in

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Following the creation of the First Republic, the Ministry of Education, Post, and Telegraph was established. Previous thought on education tended to emphasize humanities-centric curriculums, however the educational legislation from this era focused on creating curriculums that centered on science

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Additionally, racial inequalities in education are prevalent in Brazil, both in terms dropout rates and quality of education. School materials, such as textbooks often lack the perspectives of Black students or contain stereotypes. Black and mixed-race students are also more likely to attend less

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have also created programs to help those who are behind, either due to being low-income or for other reasons. During the Covid-19 pandemic, many low-income students enrolled in public schools had minimal access to the technology required for virtual learning, as many students did not own personal

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As of January 2015, the International Schools Consultancy (ISC) listed Brazil as having 136 international schools. ISC defines an 'international school' in the following terms: "ISC includes an international school if the school delivers a curriculum to any combination of pre-school, primary or

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After graduation students can take postgraduate courses being these lato sensu or stricto sensu. Lato sensu graduate degrees are specializations and refinements lasting one to two years and do not confer academic title. At the end of the course the student must present a course completion work.

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was another consequence of the Jesuit involvement in education. As the spaces and cultures where the Jesuits were present varied considerably, their evangelising methods were very often quite different from one place to another. However, the society's engagement in trade, architecture, science,

1043:, most teaching students need higher education to obtain either a master's or doctorate's. Schools do offer school administration training, but it is not compulsory for students hoping to become an administrator. The licenses and degrees are as follows: teaching certification through 666:, which evaluates school flow and performance rates in the test. According to the website, the index is used to tell whether the educational system should be improved. The program is important in deciding public policy of the educational system. IDEP also led to the creation of the 393:

the empire. In Brazil, the reforms were noted. Following the expulsion of Jesuits from Brazil, education was primarily left to remaining religious organizations and military institutions, which developed to protect Portuguese interests in the area following the discovery of gold.

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in 1807. John VI gave impetus to the expansion of European civilization to Brazil. The presence of the monarchy in Brazil encouraged the development of more formal educational institutions. In the short period between 1808 and 1810, the Portuguese government founded the

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class may be in excess of 30 or 40 to one in the not so competitive courses at the top public universities. The most competitive ones excess 80 or 150. In some courses with small number of vacancies, this number can be as high as 200 (medical school, for example).

658:, Brazil, on average, underperforms. Brazilian students score lower than the average in reading, mathematics, and science, the three categories of testing. Their scores have improved since 2000, the first year the test was taken. Since 2000, Brazil has started the 1023:

There are more than 2,600 universities in Brazil, between private and public, according to MEC. Higher vocational education is in general assumed by non-university institutions and the federal Institutions for Education, Science and Technology (38 in 2008).

587:, while simultaneously neglecting assistance to primary and secondary education. The problems of primary and secondary education were compounded by significant quality differences across regions, with the northeast suffering dramatically. In the aftermath of 424:

o (Royal Academy for Artillery, Fortifications and Design) was created in Rio de Janeiro, 1792, through a decree issued by the Portuguese authorities as a higher education school for the teaching of the sciences and engineering. Its legacy is shared by the

677:, the national household survey, shows. Costs of finishing school rise each year until it is impossible to attend, meaning that low-income students also have the lowest rates for completing school. Rio de Janeiro began a program in 2009 called the 450:(Practice Class for Design and Form) in Rio de Janeiro. It was the first institution in Brazil systematically dedicated to the teaching of arts. During colonial times, the arts were mainly religious or utilitarian and were learnt in a system of 594:

Today, Brazil struggles to improve the public education offered at earlier stages and maintain the high standards that the population has come to expect from public universities. The choice on public funding is an issue. In particular, the

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in 1827. But for decades to come, most Brazilian lawyers studied at European universities, such as in the ancient University of Coimbra, in Portugal, which had awarded degrees to generations of Brazilian students since the 16th century.

5329: 68:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge. 2791: 724:

Basic education (ensino básico) is found in public institutions and private institutions, and mandatory for those between the ages of 6 and 17. It consists of elementary school (ensino fundamental) and high school (ensino

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Filho, Luciano Mendes de Faria, and Marcilaine Soares Inácio. "Civilise the people, build the nation: scientific and literary association and education in Minas Gerais (Brazil) at the beginning of the Brazilian empire."

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changed this, stating that those who are illiterate have the option to vote but it is not compulsory for those. The Constitution of 1824 also stated that those who made less than 100,000 reis were not able to vote.

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and the rising power of the military led to the end of the campaigns in 1964 and the exile of Freire and others like him. The military government began new campaigns in the late 1970s to questionable improvements.

357:, which is one of the oldest universities in continuous operation. Throughout the centuries of Portuguese rule, Brazilian students, mostly graduated of the Jesuit missions and seminaries, were allowed to enroll at 2900:

Gatti Júnior, Décio, and Bruno Gonçalves Borges. "Between the Empire and the Republic: the permanence of a biography of the Nation in the history taught in secondary and primary schools in Brazil (1860-1950)."

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program which works to involve the entire community in the educational system. Several other committees have created programs in individual municipalities in order to curb the IDEP findings.

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Barausse, Alberto, and Terciane Ângela Luchese. "Nationalisms and schooling: between italianity and brazility, disputes in the education of italian-gaucho people (Rs, Brazil, 1930-1945)."

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Students must have completed their elementary school before they enroll in high school. High school takes three years. The minimum is 2,200 hours of teaching over three years. High school

3685: 1813: 996:, and lasts two to three years for technology courses, three to four years for licenciate and bachelor's courses in general and five to six years for special bachelor's courses such as 2823: 5304: 4254: 3664: 246:

has had many changes. It first began with Jesuit missions, that controlled education for a long time. Then, two hundred years after their arrival, their powers were limited by the

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Throughout the 20th century, in response to campaigns occurring in other Latinoamérican countries, Brazilian states began their own literacy campaigns. Led by educators like

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courses which includes a supervised internship and need 300 hours of teaching practice. Students can be certified through the secondary school program; however, to teach

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Musacchio, Aldo, André Martínez Fritscher, and Martina Viarengo. "Colonial institutions, trade shocks, and the diffusion of elementary education in Brazil, 1889–1930."

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Crespo, Manuel, José Francisco Soares, and Alberto de Mello e Souza. "The Brazilian national evaluation system of basic education: Context, process, and impact." in

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As a large middle-income country, Brazil has several regions. Its education system is accordingly plagued by many deficiencies and social and regional disparities.

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testing all students in the beginning of the school year to discover all who are not yet at grade level. Those who are not receive two weeks of in-depth tutoring.

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Each education system supplements this core curriculum with a diversified curriculum defined by the needs of the region and the abilities of individual students.

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work. In addition to providing education, universities promote research and provide separate classes to the community. The Brazilian standard for technology (

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Abboud Pompeo De Camargo, Munir. "Historiography of school architecture in the state of São Paulo: the nineteenth century amidst history and architecture."

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Mello, Paulo. "Public policies for the production of textbooks for youth and adults in Brazil books: some reflections on recent historical trajectory." in

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In a period when the world had a largely illiterate population, the Portuguese Empire was home to one of the first universities founded in Europe — the

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Mortatti, Maria do Rosário Longo. "Literature for primary school and education of Republican citizen, in the Revista de Ensino (SP-Brazil)-1902-1918."

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The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that Brazil is doing 86.8% of what should be possible at its level of income for the right to education.

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Students can obtain teacher training in secondary schools through vocational programs. In addition to the required courses to graduate, students take

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Studies show that, despite the expansion of access to Higher Education in Brazil, this had very limited impact on the country's social disparities.

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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.

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Barausse, Alberto. "The construction of national identity in textbooks for Italian schools abroad: the case of Brazil between the two World Wars."

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da Silva, Mônica R., and Claudia BM Abreu. "Education in the Purview of Public Policy: An Assessment of Educational Reform in Brazil, 1990–2004."

261:, and the Idep assessment now used by the Ministry. They have historically tested below average on all topics but are improving in mathematics. 4627: 655: 458:(Royal School of Sciences, Arts and Crafts), which established an official education in the fine arts and built the foundations of the current 258: 4647: 1821: 1684: 5339: 5172: 250:. Shortly after the Jesuits' power was limited, the Brazilian government took over education and it is now run by the government through the 4517: 3808: 674: 4915: 4475: 3980: 3479: 912: 4632: 3879: 264:

Brazil uses both public and private school systems. They have the traditional primary, secondary, tertiary and technical school levels.

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Public policies for the production of textbooks for youth and adults in Brazil books: some reflections on recent historical trajectory

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Veiga, Cynthia Greive. "Schooling, organisation of the constitutional monarchy and the education of citizens (Brazil, 1822–1889)."

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International Studies in Educational Administration (Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration & Management (CCEAM))

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Raizer, Leandro, and Celia Elizabete Caregnato. "Secondary Education in Brazil: a system that persists in social reproduction."

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Tarlau, Rebecca. "Coproducing rural public schools in Brazil: Contestation, clientelism, and the landless workers’ movement."

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Schultz, Kirsten. "Learning to obey: education, authority, and governance in the early eighteenth-century Portuguese Empire."

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social and economic standards comparing to the average North American and European standards. Its economy was based on the

436: 4707: 4672: 4438: 4394: 2954: 528:(Medic-Cirurgical Academy of Rio de Janeiro) which is now the medical school of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. 5092: 4742: 4411: 4320: 4313: 4291: 4161: 3889: 3281: 1232: 728:

Higher education (ensino superior) (including graduate degrees) is found in public institutions and private institutions.

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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.

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Pedrosa, Renato H. L; Simões, Tania P.; Carneiro, Ana M.; Andrade, Cibele Y.; Sampaio, Helena; Knobel, Marcelo (2014).

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da Silva, Marcos Antônio, and Selva Guimarães Fonseca. "Teaching History Today: wanderings, achievements and losses."

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Barbosa, Lia Pinheiro. "Educação do Campo as a political project in the context of the struggle for land in Brazil."

1289:"Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries" 5264: 4807: 4747: 4612: 4421: 4264: 4139: 3933: 2720:

McCowan, Tristan. "Expansion without equity: An analysis of current policy on access to higher education in Brazil."

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When Portuguese explorers arrived in Brazil in the 16th century and started to colonize their new possessions in the

4712: 4325: 4146: 3928: 2342:"Expanding access to Higher Education and its (limited) consequences for social inclusion: The Brazilian experience" 5182: 5027: 4453: 4259: 4134: 4058: 3975: 3365: 3123: 1907:

Rodrigues de Andrade, Francisca Marli; Mendes Nogueira, Letícia Pereira; do Couto Neves, Lucas (February 1, 2022).

1525: 4249: 4029: 3960: 2128: 547:, possessing an unskilled and increasingly larger workforce, composed of free people (including slave owners) and 5254: 4943: 4722: 4702: 4687: 4492: 4470: 4286: 4206: 4190: 3057: 887: 588: 505: 427: 4852: 4832: 4602: 4041: 4000: 2196:"Folha Online - Educação - Ensino fundamental de 9 anos beneficia estudantes mais pobres, diz Lula - 06/02/2006" 5187: 4677: 4365: 3869: 3532: 3116: 2948: 2768:

Neves, Clarissa Eckert Baeta, and Carlos Benedito Martins. "Higher education in Brazil: a comprehensive view."

623: 460: 251: 154: 4567: 4448: 4281: 4075: 3923: 3901: 3864: 3645: 2725: 4925: 4867: 4802: 4762: 4697: 4667: 4416: 4185: 4151: 4129: 4085: 3955: 3859: 3732: 3727: 3640: 3322: 3017: 2023:"Educational Inequality by Race in Brazil, 1982–2007: Structural Changes and Shifts in Racial Classification" 1909:"Rural Education Teacher Training: Remote Learning Challenges in Brazilian IFES during the COVID-19 Pandemic" 4847: 4527: 4007: 5399: 4995: 4572: 4507: 4443: 4406: 3970: 3906: 3592: 3380: 3229: 3022: 2731:

McCowan, Tristan. "The growth of private higher education in Brazil: Implications for equity and quality."

786:(for years 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). As for years 6, 7, 8 and 9, one foreign language is also compulsory (usually 596: 358: 318: 308: 4862: 4577: 4276: 1051:

outlining 20 goals to improve national education, four of which outline improvements to teacher training.

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Gondra, José Gonçalves, et al. "History of education in Brazil: the construction of a knowledge field."

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to lower the rate of illiteracy in those ages 15 and older. Brazil has also implemented the IDEP, the

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Occupying schools, occupying land: how the landless workers movement transformed Brazilian education:

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Silveira, Renê Trentin. "Education policy and national security in Brazil in the post-1964 context."

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The nation invests 5.95% of GDP on education, approximately 15.72% of total government expenditures.

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Elementary school is mandatory for children ages 6–14. There are nine "academic years", "grades" or

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and over education, and had begun missionary work in Portugal's overseas possessions, including the

5294: 5167: 5102: 5037: 4772: 4732: 4465: 4242: 3403: 3163: 3099: 3042: 2957:, a webdossier compiled by "Education Worldwide", a portal belonging to the German Education Server 2951:, a webdossier compiled by "Education Worldwide", a portal belonging to the German Education Server 2341: 1704:"Exploring the new challenges for indigenous education in Brazil: Some lessons from Ticuna schools" 275: 118: 104: 4428: 2786:

Sampaio, Helena, Ana Maria Carneiro, and Marcelo Knobel. "Higher education challenges in Brazil."

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Antunes dos Santos, Renato, and Maria do Patrocinio Tenorio Nunes. "Medical education in Brazil."

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Pre-school education (educação infantil) is found in public institutions and private institutions.

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be at the second or third year of high school, or have completed all of these years to enroll in

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The completion of high school or equivalent is mandatory for those who intend to enroll in

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former colonial power, Portugal, about 80% of the population was classified as illiterate.

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The length of the school year is set by the National Education Bases and Guidelines Law (

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In 1872 there were 9,930,478 inhabitants (84.8% free and 15.2% slaves). According to the

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Schwartzman, Simon, and Elizabeth Balbachevsky. "The academic profession in Brazil" in

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Kang, Thomas H. "Education and development projects in Brazil, 1932-2004: a critique."

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Dawson, Andrew. "A very Brazilian experiment: the base education movement, 1961-67."

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In the 19th century, the Portuguese royal family, headed by then prince regent John,

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Schwartzman, Simon. "Equity, quality and relevance in higher education in Brazil."

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It takes an extra three years to finish elementary school for low-income students,

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Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement

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Gonçalves, Luiz Alberto Oliveira; da Silva, Natalino Neves; Brooke, Nigel (2019),

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Race, Politics, and Education in Brazil: Affirmative Action in Higher Education

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Race, politics, and education in Brazil: Affirmative action in higher education

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Brown, David S. "Democracy, authoritarianism and education finance in Brazil."

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Magalhães Gomes, Maria Laura; Marafioti Garnica, Antonio Vicente (2021-08-01).

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As is the case in many nations, higher education in Brazil can be divided into

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The Jesuits, a religious order founded to promote the cause and teachings of

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Ensino fundamental de nove anos: Passo a passo do processo de implementação

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Balbachevsky, Elizabeth; Sampaio, Helena; Yahn de Andrade, Cibele (2019).

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Schwartzman, Simon, ed. "The challenges of education in Brazil." (2004)

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Educational performance of the poor: lessons from rural northeast Brazil

1233:"The Jesuit Order in Colonial Brazil | Brazil: Five Centuries of Change" 3484: 3047: 2547:"International School Consultancy Group > Information > ISC News" 2153: 981: 944: 879: 698: 552: 368: 107:

to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is

2806:

The international academic profession: portraits of fourteen countries

1672:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press. 1288: 467: 5221: 3742: 883: 863: 851: 767: 639: 622:

Voting has been mandatory for all citizens of Brazil since the first

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that lasts to date, the government focused on strengthening Brazil's

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Schwartzman, Simon. "Brazil", in Burton R. Clark and Guy Neave, es.

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comprises Portuguese (including Portuguese language, essay studies,

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Education is divided into three levels, with grades in each level:

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each group of students is usually assisted by a single teacher. In

342: 280: 2966: 2339: 1977:

The Palgrave Handbook of Race and Ethnic Inequalities in Education

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Heringer, Rosana, Ollie Johnson, and Ollie A. Johnson III, eds.

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Moraes, Joysi; Mariano, Sandra R. H; Dias, Bruno F. B. (2021).

917: 556: 2519: 4592: 1979:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 215–251, 1499:"Plano Nacional de Educação Especial - Ministry of Education" 1312: 713:

Table showing how the education system is organized in Brazil

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Brazilian secondary education and socio-economic development

1939: 1641:"Brazil's Constitution of 1988 with Amendments through 2014" 433:

Escola Politécnica da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

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Birdsall, Nancy, Richard H. Sabot, and Richard Sabot, eds.

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Achieving World-Class Education in Brazil: The Next Agenda

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Youth and Adult Literacy in Brazil: Learning from Practice

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International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony

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a machine-translated version of the Portuguese article.

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Johnson III, Ollie A. and Rosana Heringer, et al eds.

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Havighurst, Robert James, and Aparecida Joly Gouveia.

2417:"Universidade de Brasília - Assessoria de Comunicação" 796:

Elementary education is divided in two stages, called

408:. In 1797, the first botanic institute was founded in 2375:"Challenges and Paths for Teacher Training in Brazil" 1030: 906: 471:

Music school of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.

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Bruns, Barbara; Evans, David; Luque, Javier (2012).

1668:

Paulo Freire & the Cold War Politics of Literacy

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O Analfabetismo no Brasil sob o Enfoque Demográfico

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Boys versus Girls: Above average; stable since 2006

257:Issues in education are now seen through PISA, the 2541: 2539: 1665: 1123:Social Background: Average; improvement since 2006 1111:Mathematics: Above average; improvement since 2006 1078:Literacy rate of 91.73% for people age 15 or older 512:(Medic-Cirurgical Academy of Bahia), now known as 422:Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenh 4911:International Institute for Neuroscience of Natal 2788:Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South 1883: 5391: 4906:Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada 2903:History of Education & Children's Literature 2888:History of Education & Children's Literature 2630:History of Education & Children's Literature 1702:Guilherme, Alex; Hüttner, Édison (August 2015). 1701: 442:A royal letter of November 20, 1800 by the king 2536: 2446:"Política Educacional - O Desafio da Qualidade" 1865: 328:(Jesuits) was, since its beginnings in 1540, a 321:who had no writing system or school education. 2079:"Brasil ainda tem 11,3 milhões de analfabetos" 1946:Widening Participation & Lifelong Learning 1427: 1097:Literacy rate of 79.1% for people age 15 to 17 758:) establishes a core curriculum consisting of 656:Programme for International Student Assessment 259:Programme for International Student Assessment 103:accompanying your translation by providing an 48:Click for important translation instructions. 35:expand this article with text translated from 5010: 4996: 3816: 2982: 1428:Crocitti, John J.; LeVine, Robert A. (1999). 1167:Associação Brasileira de Educação a Distância 1094:Literacy rate of 67.8% for people age 6 to 14 825: 704: 551:or their direct descendants. Among the first 5330:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 2873: 701:rate for people age 15 or more was of 6.8% 2155:Education at a Glance 2019: OECD Indicators 913:Universities and higher education in Brazil 890:(1964–1985), have become compulsory again. 526:Academia Médico-Cirúrgica do Rio de Janeiro 420:(Polytechnic School) was created, then the 5003: 4989: 4963: 3823: 3809: 2989: 2975: 1663: 1479:(New York: Oxford University Press, 1992). 1129: 812:, there are as many teachers as subjects. 454:. A decree on August 12, 1816 created the 2644:Opportunity foregone: education in Brazil 2520:"Home - International School Consultancy" 2357: 2054: 2020: 1372: 1114:Reading: Above average; stable since 2006 1108:Science: Above average; stable since 2006 1054: 933:Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte 605:education for students with special needs 431:(Military Engineering Institute) and the 396:In 1772, before the establishment of the 4921:National Institute of Amazonian Research 2831:Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 2496:"Pnad 2008 - Atualidades - UOL Educação" 1685:"ILLITERACY RESISTS TREATMENT IN BRAZIL" 1058: 926: 916: 733:Pre-school education (educação infantil) 708: 613: 607:are pursued by Brazilian policy-makers. 466: 456:Escola Real de Ciências, Artes e Ofícios 367: 286: 274: 185:; 15.72% of total government expenditure 1591: 1589: 976:degree is awarded in most areas of the 5392: 4916:Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron 4891:Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas 2819:(Pergamon Press, 1992), vol. I, 82-92. 2712:Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 1942:"Access to higher education in Brazil" 1842: 1682: 1638: 742:Elementary school (ensino fundamental) 4984: 3804: 2970: 2472: 2470: 2372: 1935: 1933: 1879: 1877: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1634: 1632: 1630: 817:Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação 4951: 4212:Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica 2963:, Brazil's Profile on UNESCO-UNEVOC. 2817:The Encyclopedia of Higher Education 2598: 2021:Marteleto, Leticia J. (2012-01-19). 1639:Rosenn, Keith S. (17 January 2018). 1586: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1221: 894:Technical education (ensino técnico) 664:Index of Basic Education Development 437:Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 416:. During the late 18th century, the 115:{{Translated|pt|Educação no Brasil}} 17: 3832:Brazilian universities and colleges 3063:Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present) 2996: 2317:"UNESCO-UNEVOC World TVET Database" 1814:"Social Mobilization for Education" 1555:"COELHO DE SOUZA, Marcos Medeiros. 754:The National Council of Education ( 555:founded in Brazil were the ones in 13: 2944:Brief story of education in Brazil 2939:Committee of Education and Culture 2592: 2467: 2269:"UEM/CVU - Cursos, Turnos e Vagas" 1930: 1919:(7–9): 1–26 – via EBSCOhost. 1913:Education Policy Analysis Archives 1874: 1850: 1775: 1650: 1627: 1031:Teacher training and qualification 922:Federal University of Minas Gerais 907:Higher education (ensino superior) 510:Academia Médico-Cirúrgica da Bahia 486:Academia Real dos Guardas-Marinhas 208:Federal, state, municipal, private 14: 5416: 3058:Military dictatorship (1964–1985) 2927: 2808:(1996), edited by P. G. Altbach; 2658:Studies in Educational Evaluation 2651:Journal of Latin American Studies 2373:Lopes, Marina (15 October 2015). 1896:(1): 50–58 – via EBSCOhost. 1708:International Review of Education 1329: 1249: 1218: 1182:New Brazilian secondary education 1100:Literacy rate of 99.6% of Brazil. 502:Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro 317:, the territory was inhabited by 5206: 5173:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4962: 4950: 4939: 4938: 3043:First (Old) Republic (1889–1930) 2862:(Oxford University Press, 2019). 1922: 1432:. Durham: Duke University Press. 1151: 464:(National School of Fine Arts). 448:Aula Prática de Desenho e Figura 380:, had gained influence with the 279:Federal University of Paraná in 173:National education budget (2022) 145: 22: 4207:Instituto Militar de Engenharia 4120:Health Sciences of Porto Alegre 3996:Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri 2564: 2512: 2488: 2438: 2409: 2392: 2366: 2333: 2309: 2285: 2261: 2236: 2212: 2188: 2146: 2121: 2097: 2071: 2014: 1964: 1900: 1836: 1806: 1750: 1695: 1676: 1613: 1547: 1518: 1491: 1482: 1465: 886:, which were banned during the 506:Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden 481:Napoleonic invasion of Portugal 428:Instituto Militar de Engenharia 2961:Vocational Education in Brazil 2955:Educational Research in Brazil 2895:Revista Brasileira de Historia 1664:Kirkendall, Andrew J. (2010). 1436: 1421: 1397: 1313:"Brazil - HRMI Rights Tracker" 1305: 1281: 1194: 492:(Royal Military Academy), the 461:Escola Nacional de Belas Artes 113:You may also add the template 1: 4108:Rural of the Semi-arid Region 1187: 842:), foreign language (usually 756:Conselho Nacional de Educação 518:Universidade Federal da Bahia 319:indigenous peoples and tribes 309:Colonization of the Americas 7: 4896:Instituto Benjamin Constant 3505:Water supply and sanitation 3053:Fourth Republic (1946–1964) 3028:Colonial Brazil (1500–1815) 2755:Journal of Economic History 2733:Journal of Education Policy 1985:10.1007/978-3-319-94724-2_6 1144: 846:and an optional language), 601:Universal Primary Education 522:Federal University of Bahia 488:(Royal Naval Academy), the 435:(Polytechnic School of the 85:will aid in categorization. 10: 5421: 4047:Latin American Integration 3033:United Kingdom (1815–1822) 2637:Journal of Peasant Studies 1361:The Mathematics Enthusiast 1293:humanrightsmeasurement.org 1172:Education policy in Brazil 910: 826:High school (ensino médio) 705:Organization and structure 498:National Library of Brazil 298: 270: 60:Machine translation, like 5348: 5315:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 5215: 5204: 5016: 5011:Education in the Americas 4934: 4881: 4538: 4338: 4225: 4199: 4018:Southern and Southeastern 3847: 3838: 3762: 3631: 3523: 3425: 3416: 3394: 3308: 3299: 3287:President of the Republic 3205: 3196: 3080: 3071: 3008: 2874:Historiography and memory 2158:. OECD Publishing. 2019. 2039:10.1007/s13524-011-0084-6 1758:"Brazil Literate Program" 1728:10.1007/s11159-015-9503-z 1530:Edudatabrasil.inep.gov.br 1488:Ignoramuses Academy, 2016 1117:Equity: (none available) 1104:PISA results as of 2019: 1063:Private German school in 649: 477:arrived in Rio de Janeiro 398:Science Academy of Lisbon 233: 225: 217: 212: 204: 194: 189: 177: 172: 160: 153: 144: 37:the corresponding article 5335:Turks and Caicos Islands 3210:Administrative divisions 2621:41.10 (2019): 1106-1111 611:rose from 75% to 90.0%. 4096:State of Rio de Janeiro 2781:Sociologies in Dialogue 2770:Sociologies in Dialogue 2671:29.3-4 (2010): 245-258. 2297:Seruniversitario.com.br 1374:10.54870/1551-3440.1530 1130:International education 1049:National Education Plan 660:Brazil Literate Program 654:According to PISA, the 589:Brazilian military rule 124:For more guidance, see 5250:British Virgin Islands 3366:Science and technology 3048:Vargas Era (1930–1946) 2849:Politics & Society 2746:22.56 (2018): 106-124 2714:38.4 (2018): 766-780. 1960:– via EBSCOhost. 1820:. 2009. Archived from 1068: 1055:Educational statistics 935: 924: 840:Portuguese literatures 714: 619: 603:and a larger offer of 472: 373: 296: 284: 5163:Saint Kitts and Nevis 2934:Ministry of Education 2912:50.6 (2014): 822-829 2910:Paedagogica Historica 2881:Paedagogica Historica 2867:Paedagogica Historica 2851:41.3 (2013): 395-424 2844:49.2 (2013): 253-272. 2842:Paedagogica Historica 2833:76.1 (2004): 173-188 2801:12.4 (2015): 435-456. 2735:19.4 (2004): 453-472 2724:53.5 (2007): 579-598 2684:Paedagogica Historica 2678:31.2 (2002): 185-194. 2660:26.2 (2000): 105-125 2653:34.1 (2002): 115-141. 2639:44.1 (2017): 118-143. 2600:"Education in Brazil" 2359:10.17645/si.v7i1.1672 2220:"Technical education" 1818:Ministry of Education 1762:Ministry of Education 1683:Riding, Alan (1985). 1062: 930: 920: 888:military dictatorship 810:Ensino Fundamental II 802:Ensino Fundamental II 712: 617: 597:U.N. Development Goal 514:Faculdade de Medicina 490:Real Academia Militar 470: 406:Sociedade Scientifica 371: 355:University of Coimbra 305:Education in Portugal 290: 278: 252:Ministry of Education 162:Minister of Education 155:Ministry of Education 126:Knowledge:Translation 97:copyright attribution 4926:National Observatory 4069:São Francisco Valley 3184:World Heritage Sites 3117:Environmental issues 3090:Brazilian Antarctica 2897:30.60 (2010): 11-31. 2744:História da Educação 2676:History of Education 2450:Missaocrianca.org.br 806:Ensino Fundamental I 804:(years 6–9). During 798:Ensino Fundamental I 628:Constitution of 1988 624:Constitution of 1824 618:Constitution of 1824 533:independence in 1822 516:(Med School) in the 479:, escaping from the 291:Medicine College of 5400:Education in Brazil 5340:U.S. Virgin Islands 5183:Trinidad and Tobago 5028:Antigua and Barbuda 4103:Rio Grande do Norte 3733:Syncretic Religions 3641:Freedom of religion 3323:Automotive industry 2949:Education in Brazil 2883:55.1 (2019): 70-87. 2869:49.1 (2013): 34-42. 2783:5.2 (2020): 92-106. 2686:49.1 (2013): 82-89. 2484:. 27 November 2016. 2164:10.1787/f8d7880d-en 1958:10.5456/WPLL.16.1.5 1720:2015IREdu..61..481G 1471:Ralph Harbison and 1045:vocational programs 1014:veterinary medicine 901:technical education 760:Portuguese language 668:Social Mobilisation 494:Biblioteca Nacional 444:John VI of Portugal 244:Education in Brazil 141: 140:Education in Brazil 5093:Dominican Republic 4901:Instituto Butantan 4518:São Caetano do Sul 4412:Mato Grosso do Sul 3939:Mato Grosso do Sul 3693:Eastern Orthodoxy 3686:Ukrainian Catholic 3381:Telecommunications 3038:Empire (1822–1889) 3023:Indigenous peoples 2790:1.1 (2017): 39-59 1689:The New York Times 1069: 936: 925: 872:Physical Education 784:physical education 715: 620: 585:tertiary education 581:post-war expansion 473: 418:Escola Politécnica 374: 297: 285: 139: 105:interlanguage link 5405:Society of Brazil 5387: 5386: 4978: 4977: 4488:Rio Grande do Sul 4334: 4333: 4314:Sul-Rio-Grandense 4309:Rio Grande do Sul 4115:Rio Grande do Sul 4013:Rural of Amazonia 3986:Triângulo Mineiro 3798: 3797: 3758: 3757: 3700: 3688: 3681: 3674: 3667: 3665:Armenian Catholic 3470:Income inequality 3412: 3411: 3295: 3294: 3282:Political parties 3277:National Congress 3240:Freedom of speech 3225:Foreign relations 3192: 3191: 2923:(2014) pp: 47-57. 2858:Tarlau, Rebecca. 2772:3.1 (2018): 4-23 2700:(Springer, 2016). 2321:Unevoc.unesco.org 1994:978-3-319-94723-5 1794:. 20 October 2015 1506:Portal.mec.gov.br 1430:The Brazil Reader 1409:library.brown.edu 1317:rightstracker.org 1237:library.brown.edu 1206:sidra.ibge.gov.br 1041:secondary schools 579:With the massive 363:mainland Portugal 348:Portuguese Empire 339:Catholic missions 248:Marquis of Pombal 241: 240: 195:Primary languages 137: 136: 49: 45: 5412: 5305:Saint Barthélemy 5265:Falkland Islands 5210: 5005: 4998: 4991: 4982: 4981: 4966: 4965: 4954: 4953: 4942: 4941: 4400:Região Tocantina 4361:Feira de Santana 3981:São João del-Rei 3845: 3844: 3825: 3818: 3811: 3802: 3801: 3778: 3771: 3696: 3684: 3677: 3670: 3663: 3588:National symbols 3423: 3422: 3361: 3333:Economic history 3318:Animal husbandry 3306: 3305: 3203: 3202: 3078: 3077: 2991: 2984: 2977: 2968: 2967: 2799:Atlantic Studies 2757:(2014): 730-766 2722:Higher education 2693:(Praeger, 1969). 2614: 2612: 2611: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2582: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2558: 2549:. 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3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3948: 3947: 3946: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3919:Espírito Santo 3916: 3915: 3914: 3909: 3899: 3894: 3893: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3851: 3849: 3842: 3836: 3835: 3828: 3827: 3820: 3813: 3805: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3792: 3787: 3780: 3779: 3772: 3764: 3763: 3760: 3759: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3752: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3714: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3702: 3701: 3691: 3690: 3689: 3682: 3675: 3668: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3637: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3529: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3406: 3404:Rail transport 3400: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3253: 3252: 3250:Women's rights 3247: 3242: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3139:Largest cities 3136: 3131: 3126: 3124:Extreme points 3121: 3120: 3119: 3109: 3104: 3103: 3102: 3100:Climate change 3092: 3087: 3081: 3075: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3014: 3012: 3006: 3005: 2994: 2993: 2986: 2979: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2958: 2952: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2929: 2928:External links 2926: 2925: 2924: 2917: 2906: 2898: 2891: 2884: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2870: 2863: 2856: 2845: 2838: 2827: 2820: 2813: 2802: 2795: 2784: 2777: 2766: 2751: 2740: 2729: 2718: 2708: 2701: 2694: 2687: 2679: 2672: 2665: 2654: 2647: 2640: 2633: 2626: 2615: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2563: 2535: 2511: 2487: 2466: 2437: 2408: 2391: 2365: 2332: 2308: 2284: 2260: 2235: 2224:Britannica.com 2211: 2187: 2172: 2145: 2120: 2096: 2070: 2033:(1): 337–358. 2013: 1993: 1963: 1929: 1899: 1873: 1849: 1835: 1805: 1774: 1749: 1714:(4): 481–501. 1694: 1675: 1649: 1626: 1612: 1585: 1546: 1517: 1490: 1481: 1464: 1435: 1420: 1396: 1367:(3): 352–384. 1328: 1304: 1280: 1248: 1217: 1192: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1163: 1162: 1146: 1143: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1121: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1088: 1087: 1080: 1079: 1056: 1053: 1032: 1029: 1010:human medicine 990:exact sciences 931:TV station in 911:Main article: 908: 905: 895: 892: 827: 824: 743: 740: 734: 731: 730: 729: 726: 722: 706: 703: 651: 648: 545:primary sector 452:apprenticeship 402:Rio de Janeiro 334:Evangelisation 272: 269: 239: 238: 235: 231: 230: 227: 223: 222: 219: 215: 214: 210: 209: 206: 202: 201: 196: 192: 191: 187: 186: 179: 175: 174: 170: 169: 167:Camilo Santana 164: 158: 157: 151: 150: 135: 134: 130: 129: 122: 111: 89: 86: 74:adding a topic 69: 58: 51: 32: 31: 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5417: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5397: 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3666: 3662: 3661: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3655:Christianity 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3630: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3522: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3495:States by HDI 3493: 3491: 3490:Social issues 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3415: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3393: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3298: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3251: 3248: 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