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previously only seen in the aristocratic architecture of
European countries such as Britain and France, contributing to a richer sense of culture and history within the USA. In the case of Hunt and many other eclectic architects, his 'typically eclectic viewpoint' enabled him to make stylistic choices based on whatever suited the particular project or the client. This flexibility to adapt, and to blend freely between styles gave eclectic designers more appeal to clients.
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482:, trained students in a rigorous and academic manner, equipping them with skills and professional prestige. Teachers at the École were some of the leading architects in France, and this new method of teaching was so successful, that it attracted students from across the globe. Many of the graduates went on to become pioneers of the movement, and used their
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At a similar time, such vessels were being used to transport colonists to undeveloped areas of the world. The colonisation of such areas, further spread the
Eclectic architecture of the western world, as newly settled colonists built structures commonly featuring Roman classicism and Gothic motifs.
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and other large public spaces such as churches, courthouses, city halls, public libraries and movie theatres, meant that eclectic design was no longer only for members of high-society, but was also accessible to the general public. While some of these buildings have since been demolished (including
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Whilst the practise of this style of architecture was widespread (and could be seen in many town halls constructed at the time), eclecticism in Europe did not achieve the same level of enthusiasm that was seen in
America – as it was assumed that the presence of old, authentic architecture, reduced
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Eclecticist architecture came into practice during the late 19th century, as architects sought a style that would allow them to retain previous historic precedent, but create unseen designs. From a complete catalogue of past styles, the ability to mix and combine styles allowed for more expressive
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approach back from Europe, which was said to be the cornerstone of eclectic architecture in North
America. At a time of increasing prosperity and commercial pride, many eclectic buildings were commissioned in large cities around the USA. The style thrived, as it introduced historical features,
705:. Publishing the lavish interiors of these magnificent homes helped to spread the eclectic style to the middle classes, and less extravagant imitations or the incorporation of similar decorative elements became a desirable feature in domestic decoration.
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and historical styles are loosely described as "eclectic" though references to eclectic architecture within literature and media are usually about buildings constructed within the eclectic movement of the late 19th-early 20th century period.
541:(which at the time were the primary form of overseas transport). The lavish interiors were crafted with a mix of traditional styles—in an attempt to ease the discomfort of months abroad and to create the illusion of established grandeur.
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The rise in eclectic architecture created a need for interior specialists who had the skill, understanding and knowledge of past historical styles, to produce suitable accompanying interiors. This resulted in the emergence of
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As a style that offered so much creative freedom, and no guiding rules, the risk of creating an unsuccessful design was apparent to all. Projects that failed to harmoniously blend the different styles were subject to
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motifs and forms found in the natural world, resulting in a structure that was distinctive and original. Although it was designed during the peak of the eclectic period (1883–1926), it remains under construction
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654:. Despite the move away from eclecticism, the era still remains historically significant as it "re-opened the doors to innovation and new forms" for architecture in the following years.
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230:, especially in churches, was most likely to strive for a relatively "pure" revival style from a particular medieval period and region, while other revived styles such as
683:. Whilst the clientele of these early designers consisted exclusively of wealthy families and businesses, the works of such decorators were regularly featured in popular
207:, these elements may include structural features, furniture, decorative motives, distinct historical ornament, traditional cultural motifs or styles from other
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began to decline in the 1930s and eclecticism was phased out in the curriculums of design schools, in favour of a new style. The shift towards
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568:, to essentially Western forms of public buildings and palaces, was an inherently eclectic style. Most of the architects were British.
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Eclectic building. Street
Alfonso VIII. Burgos, Spain (1922). Note the mix of neogothic with art nouveau and neoclassical styles
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as a regarded profession. Prominent interior designers in this era (between the late 19th and early 20th century) include
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To a lesser extent, Eclecticism appeared across Asia, as
Japanese and Chinese architects who had trained at American
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306:') aimed to meticulously imitate past styles, Eclecticism differed, as the main driving force was creation, not
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529:), projects that remain from this era are still valued as some of the most important structures in the USA.
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The end of the 19th century saw a profound shift in North
American Architecture. Architects educated at the
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freedom and provided an endless source of inspiration. Whilst other design professionals (referred to as '
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influenced schools, returned to produce eclectic designs across Asia such as the Bank of Japan (1895) by
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in a variety of styles according to the wishes of their clients, or their own. The styles were typically
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465:), in response to the growing push amongst architects to have more expressive freedom over their work.
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Eclectic architecture first appeared across continental Europe in various countries such as France (
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and the new technology and materials being produced at the time allowed for greater
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of elements from previous historical styles to create something that is new and
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the original
Pennsylvania station and the first Madison Square garden—both in
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Some of the most extreme examples of eclectic design could be seen onboard
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The term is also used of the many architects of the 19th and early
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from professionals (particularly those who opposed the movement).
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In contemporary society, styles that draw from many different
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preferences varied from region to region across
America, with
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868:. 3rd ed. London: Laurence King Publishing. pp. 305–327.
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Hamlin, T, 1952. "The Rise of
Eclecticism in New York."
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and many others were likely to be treated more freely.
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and there was a desire for the designs to be original.
895:. 20th ed. London: Architectural Press. pp. 1483–1484.
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the appeal of historical imitation in new buildings.
486:training as a foundation for new eclectic designs.
325:, France, 1891, elements of Romanesque, classical (
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Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
906:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
836:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
822:. 1st ed. New York: Leonard Hill Books. pp. 17–27.
893:Sir Banister Fletcher's A History of Architecture
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795:Ottoman architecture in the 19th–20th centuries
820:European Architecture in the Twentieth Century
187:in which a single piece of work incorporates
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644:was significant as it was seen by many as
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904:Meeks, C, 1953. "Creative Eclecticism."
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400:Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture
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329:), "Moorish" and other styles
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866:A History of Interior Design
404:Kuala Lumpur Railway Station
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228:Gothic Revival architecture
178:Eclecticism in architecture
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713:styles being favoured in
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286:University of Birmingham
152:is a notable example of
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753:Alexander Jackson Davis
453:Beaux-Arts architecture
218:centuries who designed
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729:Contemporary context
675:, Nancy McClelland,
508:Charles Follen McKim
500:École des Beaux-Arts
471:École des Beaux-Arts
54:improve this article
818:Whittick, A, 1974.
763:Richard Norman Shaw
742:Eclectic architects
702:Ladies Home Journal
611:Norman architecture
595:Mar del Plata style
566:Mughal architecture
562:Indian architecture
504:Richard Morris Hunt
266:Chernivtsi, Ukraine
185:architectural style
180:is a 19th and 20th
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780:Eclecticism in art
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364:in a style called
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262:Josef Hlávka
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158:Gothic style
150:Antoni GaudĂ
148:designed by
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
723:New England
647:avant-garde
522:skyscrapers
462:GrĂĽnderzeit
429:style with
304:revivalists
189:eclecticism
162:Art Nouveau
154:eclecticism
938:Categories
801:References
715:California
699:, and the
652:innovation
550:Beaux-Arts
513:beaux-arts
484:Beaux-Arts
433:elements:
282:Aston Webb
248:Romanesque
244:Jacobethan
224:revivalist
80:newspapers
707:Aesthetic
634:Brutalism
622:imitation
603:Argentina
597:house in
579:criticism
564:, mostly
431:Angkorian
385:SĂŁo Paulo
308:nostalgia
290:Byzantine
220:buildings
209:countries
146:Barcelona
774:See also
735:cultural
687:such as
638:Art Deco
408:Malaysia
387:, Brazil
264:, 1882,
197:original
138:Basilica
110:May 2022
711:Spanish
607:cottage
585:Decline
480:schools
297:History
236:Baroque
193:mixture
182:century
140:of the
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613:, and
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447:Europe
414:, 1910
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