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786:. Mammals that weigh less than about 18 ounces (510 g; 1.1 lb) are mostly insectivorous because they cannot tolerate the slow, complex digestive process of an herbivore. Larger animals, on the other hand, generate more heat and less of this heat is lost. They can therefore tolerate either a slower collection process (carnivores that feed on larger vertebrates) or a slower digestive process (herbivores). Furthermore, mammals that weigh more than 18 ounces (510 g; 1.1 lb) usually cannot collect enough insects during their waking hours to sustain themselves. The only large insectivorous mammals are those that feed on huge colonies of insects (
883:. Physiologically, animals must be able to obtain both energy and nutrients from plant and animal materials to be considered omnivorous. Thus, such animals are still able to be classified as carnivores and herbivores when they are just obtaining nutrients from materials originating from sources that do not seemingly complement their classification. For example, it is well documented that some ungulates such as giraffes, camels, and cattle, will gnaw on bones to consume particular minerals and nutrients. Also, cats, which are generally regarded as obligate carnivores, occasionally eat grass to regurgitate indigestible material (such as
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individuals did not tend to eat more while having meals; rather, the amount of snacks they ate between meals was greater. One possible explanation that Lowe and Fisher suggest is obese individuals often eat their meals with others and do not eat more than average due to the reduction of distress because of the presence of other people. Another possible explanation would be that obese individuals do not eat more than the others while having meals due to social desirability. Conversely, snacks are usually eaten alone.
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gaining weight. This malnutrition leads to an unhealthy weight, significantly impacting overall health. Bulimia is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, involving the consumption of a substantial amount of food within a short period. Subsequently, individuals engage in maladaptive behaviors, such as inducing vomiting, excessive physical activity, and using laxatives as compensatory measures.
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563:. MCH plays a bigger role in producing hunger. In mice, MCH stimulates feeding and a mutation causing the overproduction of MCH led to overeating and obesity. Orexin plays a greater role in controlling the relationship between eating and sleeping. Other peptides in the hypothalamus that induce eating are neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AGRP).
682:
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Many laboratory studies showed that overweight individuals are more emotionally reactive and are more likely to overeat when distressed than people of normal weight. Furthermore, it was consistently found that obese individuals experience negative emotions more frequently and more intensively than do
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Some mammals are omnivores and display varying degrees of carnivory and herbivory, generally leaning in favor of one more than the other. Since plants and meat are digested differently, there is a preference for one over the other, as in bears where some species may be mostly carnivorous and others
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To maintain a high constant body temperature is energy expensiveâmammals therefore need a nutritious and plentiful diet. While the earliest mammals were probably predators, different species have since adapted to meet their dietary requirements in a variety of ways. Some eat other animalsâthis is a
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While changes in appetite can result from various physical and psychological conditions, including depression, allergies, and anxiety; anorexia and bulimia are specific eating disorders that profoundly impact the entire body. In anorexia nervosa, people restrict their calorie intake out of fear of
332:
Eating positions vary according to the different regions of the world, as culture influences the way people eat their meals. For example, most of the Middle
Eastern countries, eating while sitting on the floor is most common, and it is believed to be healthier than eating while sitting to a table.
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to increase fat stores, whereas smaller mammals prefer to collect and stash food. The slowing of the metabolism is accompanied by a decreased heart and respiratory rate, as well as a drop in internal temperatures, which can be around ambient temperature in some cases. For example, the internal
683:
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The naturalistic study by Lowe and Fisher compared the emotional reactivity and emotional eating of normal and overweight female college students. The study confirmed the tendency of obese individuals to overeat, but these findings applied only to snacks, not to meals. That means that obese
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per meal), with four to six hours between. Having three well-balanced meals (described as: half of the plate with vegetables, 1/4 protein food as meat, and 1/4 carbohydrates as pasta, rice) will then amount to some 1800â2000 kcal, which is the average requirement for a regular person.
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levels (lipoprivation). Both the brain and the liver monitor the levels of metabolic fuels. The brain checks for glucoprivation on its side of the bloodâbrain barrier (since glucose is its fuel), while the liver monitors the rest of the body for both lipoprivation and glucoprivation.
863:(50% or less of meat). The dentition of hypocarnivores consists of dull, triangular carnassial teeth meant for grinding food. Hypercarnivores, however, have conical teeth and sharp carnassials meant for slashing, and in some cases strong jaws for bone-crushing, as in the case of
499:. The taste and odor of food can contribute to short-term satiety, allowing the body to learn when to stop eating. The stomach contains receptors to allow us to know when we are full. The intestines also contain receptors that send satiety signals to the brain. The hormone
324:. By 18 months, babies often have enough teeth and a sufficiently mature digestive system to eat the same foods as adults. Learning to eat is a messy process for children, and children often do not master neatness or eating etiquette until they are five or six years old.
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Birds that employ many strategies to obtain food or feed on a variety of food items are called generalists, while others that concentrate time and effort on specific food items or have a single strategy to obtain food are considered specialists.
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Satiety in the hypothalamus is stimulated by leptin. Leptin targets the receptors on the arcuate nucleus and suppresses the secretion of MCH and orexin. The arcuate nucleus also contains two more peptides that suppress hunger. The first one is
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Baenas, I., Etxandi, M., & Fernåndez-Aranda, F. (2023). Medical complications in anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Complicaciones médicas en anorexia y bulimia nerviosa. Medicina clinica, S0025-7753(23)00478-5. Advance online publication.
971:. Most birds are highly adapted for rapid digestion to aid with flight. Some migratory birds have adapted to use protein stored in many parts of their bodies, including protein from the intestines, as additional energy during migration.
3289:
Takahashi, Akinori; Kuroki, Maki; Niizuma, Yasuaki; Watanuki, Yutaka (December 1999). "Parental Food
Provisioning Is Unrelated to Manipulated Offspring Food Demand in a Nocturnal Single-Provisioning Alcid, the Rhinoceros Auklet".
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can control food intake, because it contains neural circuits that detect hunger and satiety signals from other parts of the body. The brain stem's involvement of food intake has been researched using rats. Rats that have had the
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because they have few teeth and immature digestive systems. Between 8 and 12 months of age, the digestive system improves, and many babies begin eating finger foods. Their diet is still limited, however, because most babies lack
101:. Physicians and dieticians consider a healthful diet essential for maintaining peak physical condition. Some individuals may limit their amount of nutritional intake. This may be a result of a lifestyle choice: as part of a
477:
Environmental signals and ghrelin are not the only signals that initiate hunger, there are other metabolic signals as well. As time passes between meals, the body starts to take nutrients from long-term reservoirs. When the
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Some physiological carnivores consume plant matter and some physiological herbivores consume meat. From a behavioral aspect, this would make them omnivores, but from the physiological standpoint, this may be due to
307:. Small amounts of pureed food are sometimes fed to young infants as young as two or three months old, but most infants do not eat adult food until they are between six and eight months old. Young babies eat pureed
2106:
Robatto, A. P., MagalhĂŁes Cunha, C., & Moreira, L. A. C. (2023). Diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders in children and adolescents. Jornal de pediatria, S0021-7557(23)00155-9. Advance online publication.
374:, is "the tendency to eat in response to negative emotions". Empirical studies have indicated that anxiety leads to decreased food consumption in people with normal weight and increased food consumption in the
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in the blood, which indicates that nutrients are being absorbed by cells and a person is getting full. Long-term satiety comes from the fat stored in adipose tissue. Adipose tissue secretes the hormone
467:. The feeling of hunger could be triggered by the smell and thought of food, the sight of a plate, or hearing someone talk about food. The signals from the stomach are initiated by the release of the
735:(fungus eating). The digestive tract of an herbivore is host to bacteria that ferment these complex substances, and make them available for digestion, which are either housed in the multichambered
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so that people may eat when away from home, when lacking time to prepare food, or as a social occasion. At their highest level of sophistication, these places become "theatrical spectacles of
400:
There are many physiological mechanisms that control starting and stopping a meal. The control of food intake is a physiologically complex, motivated behavioral system. Hormones such as
3244:"The Craniolingual Morphology of Waterfowl (Aves, Anseriformes) and Its Relationship with Feeding Mode Revealed Through Contrast-Enhanced X-Ray Computed Tomography and 2D Morphometrics"
1567:
Brito, Leonardo
Barbosa Barreto de; Ricardo, Djalma Rabelo; AraĂșjo, Denise Sardinha Mendes Soares de; Ramos, PlĂnio Santos; Myers, Jonathan; AraĂșjo, Claudio Gil Soares de (2012-12-13).
548:(decerebration), are unable to approach and eat food. Instead, they must obtain their food in a liquid form. This research shows that the brain stem does in fact play a role in eating.
1719:
McKenna, R. J. (1972). "Some
Effects of Anxiety Level and Food Cues on the Eating Behavior of Obese and Normal Subjects: A Comparison of Schachterian and Psychosomatic Conceptions".
1091:, stealing food items from other birds. Kleptoparasitism is thought to be a supplement to food obtained by hunting, rather than a significant part of any species' diet; a study of
3018:
Paton, D. C.; Collins, B.G. (1 April 1989). "Bills and tongues of nectar-feeding birds: A review of morphology, function, and performance, with intercontinental comparisons".
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Lhuissier, Anne; Tichit, Christine; Caillavet, France; Cardon, Philippe; Masulo, Ana; Martin-Fernandez, Judith; Parizot, Isabelle; Chauvin, Pierre (December 2012).
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Many homes have a large kitchen area devoted to preparation of meals and food, and may have a dining room, dining hall, or another designated area for eating.
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Geiselman, P.J. (1996). Control of food intake. A physiologically complex, motivated behavioral system. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1996 Dec;25(4):815-29.
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Baker, Myron
Charles; Baker, Ann Eileen Miller (1 April 1973). "Niche Relationships Among Six Species of Shorebirds on Their Wintering and Breeding Ranges".
2119:
Yu, Z., & Muehleman, V. (2023). Eating
Disorders and Metabolic Diseases. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(3), 2446.
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that contains swallowed stones for grinding food to compensate for the lack of teeth. Some species such as pigeons and some psittacine species do not have a
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There are short-term signals of satiety that arise from the head, the stomach, the intestines, and the liver. The long-term signals of satiety come from
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782:). Since small mammals have a high ratio of heat-losing surface area to heat-generating volume, they tend to have high energy requirements and a high
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Many mammals, in the absence of sufficient food requirements in an environment, suppress their metabolism and conserve energy in a process known as
482:
of cells drop (glucoprivation), the body starts to produce the feeling of hunger. The body also stimulates eating by detecting a drop in cellular
3374:
Vickery, J. A. (May 1994). "The
Kleptoparasitic Interactions between Great Frigatebirds and Masked Boobies on Henderson Island, South Pacific".
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can drop to â2.9 °C (26.8 °F); however, the head and neck always stay above 0 °C (32 °F). A few mammals in hot environments
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1840:"Effects of changes in eating speed on obesity in patients with diabetes: a secondary analysis of longitudinal health check-up data"
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225:, eating is the primary purpose of a social gathering. At many social events, food and beverages are made available to attendees.
146:
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and it is also used as a satiety signal to the brain. Insulin also serves as a satiety signal to the brain. The brain detects
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for insects, invertebrates, fruit, or seeds. Some hunt insects by suddenly attacking from a branch. Those species that seek
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of smaller amounts may be consumed between meals. Doctors in the UK recommend three meals a day (with between 400 and 600
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with long bills probe for invertebrates; shorebirds' varied bill lengths and feeding methods result in the separation of
507:, and it controls the rate at which the stomach is emptied. This hormone is thought to be a satiety signal to the brain.
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estimated that the frigatebirds stole at most 40% of their food and on average stole only 5%. Other birds are
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digest organic matter outside their bodies as opposed to animals that digest their food inside their bodies.
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Eating rapidly leads to obesity and overeating, probably because the feelings of satiety can be slower.
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pursue their prey underwater, using their wings or feet for propulsion, while aerial predators such as
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programmes. Combined, insectivorous birds eat 400â500 million metric tons of arthropods annually.
474:. Ghrelin is a hormone that increases appetite by signaling to the brain that a person is hungry.
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amongst others have specially adapted brushy tongues and in many cases bills designed to fit
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found in meat require little in the way of specialized digestion. Exceptions to this include
629:. A chronic lack of nutritious food can cause various illnesses, and will eventually lead to
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and the reasons behind it are myriad, however, its prevalence has led some to declare an "
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2868:"Empirical evidence for differential organ reductions during trans-oceanic bird flight"
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are considered beneficial 'biological control agents' and their presence encouraged in
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and to allow for growth. Animals and other heterotrophs must eat in order to survive â
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2961:"Insectivorous birds consume an estimated 400â500 million tons of prey annually"
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Heisler, Jennifer. "Surgery." About.com. N.p., MayâJune 2010. Web. 13 Mar. 2013.
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593:, but there are numerous physical and psychological conditions that can affect
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1569:"Ability to sit and rise from the floor as a predictor of all-cause mortality"
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1519:"Infant and Toddler Feeding from Birth to 23 Months: Making Every Bite Count"
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893:. In the period preceding hibernation, larger mammals, such as bears, become
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to absorb the nutrients not digested when the food was first ingested. An
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Cessation of eating within two hours of sleeping can reduce body weight.
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2304:"Energetics and the evolution of body size in small terrestrial mammals"
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Feldhamer GA, Drickamer LC, Vessey SH, Merritt JF, Krajewski C (2007).
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Conscious Eating: Second Edition - Page 9, Gabriel Cousens, M.D. - 2009
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1923:"Ghrelin, Hormone That Stimulates Appetite, Found To Be Higher In PWS"
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David Grazian (2008), "On the Make: The Hustle of Urban Nightlife", 32
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that trigger hunger. The environmental signals come from the body's
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2933:. Australian Government â Land and Water Australia. Archived from
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Mice lacking Melanin-Concentrating Hormone are hypophagic and lean
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2376:"Deja vu: the evolution of feeding morphologies in the Carnivora"
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The size of an animal is also a factor in determining diet type (
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such as cellulose. An herbivorous diet includes subtypes such as
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3327:"Predation and kleptoparasitism by migrating Parasitic Jaegers"
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Nyffeler, M.; ĆekercioÄlu, Ă. H.; Whelan, C. J. (August 2018).
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diet (and includes insectivorous diets). Other mammals, called
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in the brain stem disconnected from the neural circuits of the
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Land, Water & Wool Northern Tablelands Property Fact Sheet
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Sharia and Social Engineering: p 143, R. Michael Feener - 2013
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Newborn babies do not eat adult foods. They survive solely on
4646:
4454:
4439:
4244:
4213:
4208:
3903:
3873:
3810:
3780:
3750:
3559:
1066:
932:
864:
760:
751:
eats both prey and plants. Carnivorous mammals have a simple
744:
483:
229:
91:
1137:
1123:
1107:, are specialised carrion eaters, while others, like gulls,
851:
mostly herbivorous. They are grouped into three categories:
4656:
4624:
4558:
4319:
4168:
3853:
3736:
3112:
2924:"Birds on New England wool properties â A woolgrower guide"
2740:"Grit Use by House Sparrows: Effects of Diet and Grit Size"
2340:
Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife
2216:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
1167:
1084:
1080:
1050:
1038:
1026:
775:
in a multi-chambered stomach, like terrestrial herbivores.
644:
is not possible, as is often the case when recovering from
272:
265:
210:
59:
3113:
Cherel, Yves; Bocher, P; De Broyer, C; Hobson, KA (2002).
2786:
352:
also adopted this posture for traditional celebrations of
4548:
2958:
2369:
2367:
2331:
2244:
1546:. United States: Twenty-First Century Books. p. 68.
1243:
John Raulston Saul (1995), "The Doubter's Companion", 155
802:
787:
3705:
2065:"MCH (Melanin Concentrating Hormone) and MCH-2 Receptor"
955:, and various small animals, including other birds. The
97:
For humans, eating is more complex, but is typically an
3408:
3115:"Food and feeding ecology of the sympatric thin-billed
2865:
2444:"Understanding omnivory needs a behavioral perspective"
1950:"Section 30.2Each Organ Has a Unique Metabolic Profile"
1566:
86:
consume a mixture of both plant and animal matter, and
3087:
2364:
887:), aid with hemoglobin production, and as a laxative.
2584:
1432:"Daily Calorie Requirements of An Adult Male, Female"
906:
in times of drought or extreme heat, for example the
2414:
1119:
455:. There are environmental signals, signals from the
2024:"Effect of peptide YY3-36 on food intake in humans"
451:There are numerous signals given off that initiate
1910:. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. pp. 412â426.
979:strategies can vary widely by species. Many birds
597:and disrupt normal eating patterns. These include
589:Physiologically, eating is generally triggered by
336:Eating in a reclining position was favored by the
62:. In biology, this is typically done to provide a
19:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see
3164:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
3088:Schreiber, Elizabeth Anne; Joanna Burger (2001).
2480:
4724:
3123:prions at Iles Kerguelen, Southern Indian Ocean"
2677:Aestivation: Molecular and Physiological Aspects
2135:. Feeding Clinic of Santa Monica. Archived from
1468:FOOD & EATING IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE - Page 73,
447:German Shepherd puppy eating out of a human hand
320:at this age, and often have a limited number of
116:
2373:
2015:
1833:
1831:
3504:
2738:Gionfriddo, James P.; Best (1 February 1995).
2737:
228:People usually have two or three meals a day.
3721:
3490:
3324:
2859:
2441:
1683:
569:cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript
432:have all been shown to suppress food intake.
3017:
2835:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2337:
2311:Symposia of the Zoological Society of London
2169:Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology
2096:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2023.07.028
1828:
1721:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
3514:Used to refer to daily self-care activities
3221:. Oxford University Press. pp. 42â44.
3212:
3081:
2915:
2203:
1837:
1111:, or other birds of prey, are opportunists.
3728:
3714:
3497:
3483:
3044:
2789:"Complex Evolution of Bile Salts in Birds"
2109:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2023.12.001
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1756:
1492:"How to combine breast and bottle feeding"
3438:
3146:
2994:
2893:
2845:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
2812:
2701:
2391:
2301:
2278:
2213:Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology
2039:
1865:
1686:International Journal of Eating Disorders
1573:European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
162:Learn how and when to remove this message
3241:
2921:
2556:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.115105
931:
677:
442:
359:
290:
279:
271:
259:
255:
181:
173:
35:
3373:
3325:BĂ©lisle, Marc; Giroux (1 August 1995).
2125:
1920:
1914:
1905:
1882:
1752:
1750:
1718:
1541:
1516:
276:Traditional way of eating in Uzbekistan
4725:
3242:Li, Zhiheng; Clarke, Julia A. (2016).
3161:
2627:
2541:
2166:
2121:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032446
1619:
1544:The Middle Eastern American Experience
1498:from the original on 28 September 2017
739:or in a large cecum. Some mammals are
3709:
3478:
2670:
2587:Physiological and Biochemical Zoology
2523:from the original on 10 December 2016
2151:
2021:
1960:from the original on 13 December 2014
1802:
1793:
1712:
1677:
1560:
1535:
1484:
1475:
1462:
389:
344:, and this custom was adopted by the
4707:
3363:from the original on 9 October 2022.
3213:Hughes, Baz; Green, Andy J. (2005).
2776:from the original on 9 October 2022.
2712:
1941:
1747:
1453:
1424:
1394:
1361:
1335:
1309:
1246:
1237:
530:
248:adults during the daylight hours of
120:
2675:. In Navas CA, Carvalho JE (eds.).
2380:Integrative and Comparative Biology
2062:
2056:
1972:
1648:
1367:
327:
44:, 1900, which shows a woman eating
13:
3032:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1989.tb01457.x
2910:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
2873:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
2673:"Aestivation in Mammals and Birds"
2338:Wilson DE, Burnie D, eds. (2001).
1412:from the original on March 7, 2021
605:, ingestion of certain chemicals,
511:3-36 is a hormone released by the
14:
4769:
4662:Lists of food and beverage topics
3451:
2483:Journal of Archaeological Science
2342:. DK Publishing. pp. 86â89.
1816:from the original on 8 March 2021
40:Amandines de Provence, poster by
4706:
4697:
4696:
3457:
2181:10.1113/expphysiol.1984.sp002848
1993:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00212.x
1947:
1382:from the original on 30 May 2017
1349:from the original on 4 June 2017
1323:from the original on 26 May 2017
1136:
1122:
924:This section is an excerpt from
812:
801:
670:This section is an excerpt from
659:
178:Women eating biscuits in England
125:
3402:
3367:
3318:
3282:
3235:
3206:
3155:
3106:
3038:
3011:
2952:
2829:
2780:
2731:
2717:. New York: WH Freeman and Co.
2664:
2621:
2578:
2535:
2509:
2474:
2435:
2408:
2374:Van Valkenburgh B (July 2007).
2295:
2238:
2113:
2100:
2087:
1666:from the original on 2019-10-23
1637:from the original on 2019-04-13
1510:
1442:from the original on 2017-07-13
859:(70% and greater of meat), and
571:(CART), the second is α-MSH (α-
430:corticotropin-releasing hormone
340:at a celebration they called a
3127:Marine Ecology Progress Series
2442:Singer MS, Bernays EA (2003).
1759:Journal of Behavioral Medicine
1633:. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
1368:Sen, Debarati (27 July 2016).
1317:"Be calorie smart 400-600-600"
1255:
1053:plunge dive after their prey.
573:melanocyte-stimulating hormone
551:There are two peptides in the
490:
1:
3020:Australian Journal of Ecology
1230:
947:are varied and often include
621:problems, and numerous other
557:melanin concentrating hormone
438:
186:A girl eating a piece of cake
117:Eating practices among humans
3470:Health-EU Portal â Nutrition
2041:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.09.001
1517:Insight, Food (2021-10-27).
936:Feeding adaptations in beaks
898:temperatures of hibernating
707:, eat plants, which contain
578:
295:Ethiopians eating with hands
7:
4674:Outline of food preparation
2544:Annual Review of Physiology
2313:(69): 69â81. Archived from
1858:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019589
1370:"How often should you eat?"
1345:. nhs.uk. 15 October 2015.
1343:"Cut down on your calories"
1280:10.1016/j.appet.2012.12.012
1115:
396:Hunger (motivational state)
244:, it may be proscribed for
10:
4774:
3506:Activities of daily living
1838:Hurst Y, Fukuda H (2018).
1185:, formal military ceremony
923:
669:
664:
582:
393:
370:Compulsive overeating, or
363:
18:
4692:
4597:
4521:
4488:
4403:
4318:
4232:
4094:
4056:
3990:
3912:
3824:
3743:
3735:
3672:
3622:
3568:
3519:
3512:
3431:10.1080/00063659109477089
3268:10.1007/s11692-015-9345-4
3092:. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
2987:10.1007/s00114-018-1571-z
2685:10.1007/978-3-642-02421-4
2503:10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.004
2429:10.1017/S0952836904004856
957:digestive system of birds
193:Most societies also have
4074:Eating utensil etiquette
3292:Journal of Avian Biology
3217:. In Kear, Janet (ed.).
2517:"Why Do Cats Eat Grass?"
2133:"Pediatric Feeding Tube"
1954:Biochemistry 5th Edition
1585:10.1177/2047487312471759
1075:Some species, including
951:, fruit, plants, seeds,
918:
99:activity of daily living
29:Feeding (disambiguation)
3685:Personal care assistant
3090:Biology of Marine Birds
2650:10.1126/science.2740905
1542:Donovan, Sandy (2010).
1402:"Vegetables and Fruits"
1194:Eat Me (disambiguation)
1073:are primarily grazers.
997:Nectar feeders such as
992:biological pest control
926:Bird § Diet and feeding
900:arctic ground squirrels
457:gastrointestinal system
382:normal weight persons.
240:In jurisdictions under
134:Some of this article's
21:Eating (disambiguation)
3962:Service à la française
3219:Ducks, Geese and Swans
3184:10.1098/rstb.1957.0004
2886:10.1098/rspb.2000.0986
2805:10.1525/auk.2010.09155
1908:Physiology of Behavior
1906:Carlson, Neil (2010).
1103:; some of these, like
937:
908:fat-tailed dwarf lemur
695:
617:malfunction and other
448:
296:
288:
277:
269:
207:global cosmopolitanism
187:
179:
58:) is the ingestion of
48:
3837:Apéritif and digestif
3623:Optional-instrumental
3047:Ecological Monographs
2966:The Science of Nature
2302:Speaksman JR (1996).
2251:Nature Communications
1921:Funai, M.D., Edmund.
1061:, and some ducks are
1007:lories, and lorikeets
935:
709:complex carbohydrates
689:
555:that produce hunger,
446:
394:Further information:
366:Compulsive overeating
360:Compulsive overeating
294:
283:
275:
263:
256:Development in humans
185:
177:
39:
4508:Online food ordering
3466:at Wikimedia Commons
3248:Evolutionary Biology
2713:Gill, Frank (1995).
1406:The Nutrition Source
940:
694:foraging for insects
692:short-beaked echidna
654:parenteral nutrition
546:cerebral hemispheres
25:EAT (disambiguation)
4121:Korean table d'hĂŽte
3932:Conveyor belt sushi
3649:Emergency responses
3423:1991BirdS..38..200H
3260:2016EvBio..43...12L
3176:1957RSPTB.240..401J
3139:2002MEPS..228..263C
3117:Pachyptila belcheri
3059:1973EcoM...43..193B
2979:2018SciNa.105...47N
2837:Attenborough, David
2642:1989Sci...244.1593B
2636:(4912): 1593â1595.
2495:2013JArSc..40.4139H
2460:2003Ecol...84.2532S
2263:2015NatCo...6.8285S
2075:on 5 September 2009
1627:"The Roman Banquet"
1057:, three species of
912:Cheirogaleus medius
871:, had saber-shaped
827:American black bear
648:, alternatives are
503:is secreted by the
78:eat other animals,
4513:Virtual restaurant
4336:Blue-plate special
3967:Service Ă la russe
3947:Full-course dinner
3148:10.3354/meps228263
2417:Journal of Zoology
2393:10.1093/icb/icm016
2271:10.1038/ncomms9285
1771:10.1007/bf00845377
1660:A Virtual Passover
1436:www.iloveindia.com
1375:The Times of India
1199:Eat This, Not That
1173:Dietary supplement
1163:Competitive eating
1093:great frigatebirds
963:for storage and a
959:is unique, with a
938:
696:
449:
390:Hunger and satiety
297:
289:
278:
270:
188:
180:
49:
42:Leonetto Cappiello
27:, and
4720:
4719:
4285:Instant breakfast
4265:Emergency rations
4013:Food presentation
3982:Table reservation
3703:
3702:
3695:Care of residents
3654:Safety procedures
3640:
3462:Media related to
3228:978-0-19-861008-3
3215:"Feeding Ecology"
2922:Reid, N. (2006).
2880:(1439): 191â195.
2842:The Life of Birds
2694:978-3-642-02420-7
2489:(12): 4139â4149.
2454:(10): 2532â2537.
2349:978-0-7894-7764-4
2223:978-0-8018-8695-9
2022:Degen, L (2005).
1470:Joel T. Rosenthal
1023:ecological niches
731:(gum eating) and
727:(nectar eating),
687:
531:Role of the brain
461:metabolic signals
172:
171:
164:
16:Ingestion of food
4765:
4753:Eating behaviors
4710:
4709:
4700:
4699:
4669:Meal preparation
4341:Combination meal
4250:Convenience food
3899:Meal replacement
3761:Second breakfast
3730:
3723:
3716:
3707:
3706:
3673:Related articles
3630:
3590:Meal preparation
3529:Personal hygiene
3499:
3492:
3485:
3476:
3475:
3461:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3331:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3170:(674): 401â493.
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3015:
3009:
3008:
2998:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2940:on 15 March 2011
2939:
2928:
2919:
2913:
2912:267(1461):2567.)
2907:
2897:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2744:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2710:
2699:
2698:
2671:Fritz G (2010).
2668:
2662:
2661:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2371:
2362:
2361:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2319:
2308:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2282:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2104:
2098:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2071:. Archived from
2060:
2054:
2053:
2043:
2028:Gastroenterology
2019:
2013:
2012:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1925:. Archived from
1918:
1912:
1911:
1903:
1880:
1879:
1869:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1754:
1745:
1744:
1733:10.1037/h0032925
1716:
1710:
1709:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1611:. Archived from
1564:
1558:
1557:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1408:. Sep 18, 2012.
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1089:kleptoparasitism
944:
881:zoopharmacognosy
869:Machairodontinae
835:hypercarnivorous
831:Ursus americanus
816:
805:
723:(fruit eating),
688:
672:Mammal § Feeding
627:eating disorders
611:anorexia nervosa
372:emotional eating
328:Eating positions
268:at a restaurant
167:
160:
156:
153:
147:
129:
121:
111:obesity epidemic
4773:
4772:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4748:Human positions
4723:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4688:
4593:
4517:
4493:
4484:
4399:
4323:
4314:
4228:
4095:Regional styles
4090:
4052:
4008:Eating utensils
3986:
3908:
3826:
3820:
3739:
3734:
3704:
3699:
3690:Assisted living
3668:
3664:Sexual activity
3618:
3564:
3539:Feeding oneself
3515:
3508:
3503:
3454:
3449:
3448:
3407:
3403:
3388:10.2307/1369318
3372:
3368:
3360:
3346:10.2307/1369185
3329:
3323:
3319:
3304:10.2307/3677021
3287:
3283:
3240:
3236:
3229:
3211:
3207:
3160:
3156:
3111:
3107:
3100:
3086:
3082:
3067:10.2307/1942194
3043:
3039:
3016:
3012:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2926:
2920:
2916:
2864:
2860:
2853:
2834:
2830:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2759:10.2307/1368983
2742:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2711:
2702:
2695:
2669:
2665:
2626:
2622:
2583:
2579:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2479:
2475:
2468:10.1890/02-0397
2440:
2436:
2413:
2409:
2372:
2365:
2350:
2336:
2332:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2306:
2300:
2296:
2243:
2239:
2224:
2208:
2204:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2139:on 2 March 2016
2131:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2105:
2101:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2061:
2057:
2020:
2016:
1981:Obesity Reviews
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1956:. W H Freeman.
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1919:
1915:
1904:
1883:
1836:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1755:
1748:
1717:
1713:
1682:
1678:
1669:
1667:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1638:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1540:
1536:
1527:
1525:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1443:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1298:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1112:
946:
929:
921:
916:
915:
855:(50â70% meat),
848:
847:
846:
845:
842:Ursus maritimus
824:hypocarnivorous
819:
818:
817:
808:
807:
806:
771:who also house
753:digestive tract
719:(leaf eating),
715:(seed eating),
678:
675:
667:
662:
615:pituitary gland
587:
585:Eating disorder
581:
533:
513:small intestine
501:cholecystokinin
493:
469:peptide hormone
441:
402:cholecystokinin
398:
392:
368:
362:
350:Ancient Hebrews
330:
258:
168:
157:
151:
148:
145:
130:
119:
54:(also known as
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4771:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4738:Food and drink
4735:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4704:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4605:Coffee culture
4601:
4599:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4499:
4497:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4409:
4407:
4405:Communal meals
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4378:
4373:
4371:Suspended meal
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4327:
4325:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4189:Rice and three
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4164:Meat and three
4161:
4156:
4147:
4142:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3972:Silver service
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3844:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3733:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3710:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3602:
3597:
3595:Managing money
3592:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3574:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3502:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3464:Food and drink
3453:
3452:External links
3450:
3447:
3446:
3417:(3): 200â207.
3401:
3382:(2): 331â340.
3366:
3340:(3): 771â781.
3317:
3281:
3234:
3227:
3205:
3154:
3119:and Antarctic
3105:
3098:
3080:
3053:(2): 193â212.
3037:
3026:(4): 473â506.
3010:
2951:
2914:
2858:
2851:
2828:
2799:(4): 820â831.
2779:
2730:
2723:
2700:
2693:
2663:
2620:
2599:10.1086/367950
2593:(2): 165â179.
2577:
2534:
2508:
2473:
2434:
2407:
2386:(1): 147â163.
2363:
2348:
2330:
2294:
2237:
2222:
2202:
2175:(3): 615â625.
2159:
2150:
2124:
2112:
2099:
2086:
2055:
2014:
1987:(4): 297â306.
1971:
1940:
1929:on 31 May 2012
1913:
1881:
1852:(1): e019589.
1827:
1801:
1792:
1765:(2): 135â149.
1746:
1727:(3): 311â319.
1711:
1676:
1647:
1618:
1615:on 2013-01-12.
1579:(7): 892â898.
1559:
1552:
1534:
1509:
1483:
1474:
1461:
1452:
1423:
1393:
1360:
1334:
1308:
1254:
1245:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1214:Forced feeding
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1133:
1117:
1114:
1097:masked boobies
1095:stealing from
1071:dabbling ducks
1063:filter feeders
977:Avian foraging
930:
922:
920:
917:
857:hypercarnivory
821:
820:
811:
810:
809:
800:
799:
798:
797:
796:
784:metabolic rate
676:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
652:nutrition and
640:If eating and
583:Main article:
580:
577:
532:
529:
497:adipose tissue
492:
489:
480:glucose levels
440:
437:
391:
388:
364:Main article:
361:
358:
346:Ancient Romans
338:Ancient Greeks
329:
326:
257:
254:
223:food festivals
170:
169:
136:listed sources
133:
131:
124:
118:
115:
90:eat detritus.
66:organism with
46:almond cookies
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4770:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4713:
4705:
4703:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4630:Culinary arts
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:Places to eat
4520:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4503:Food delivery
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4495:food delivery
4491:
4487:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4419:
4418:State banquet
4416:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4184:Pu pu platter
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4126:Bandeja paisa
4124:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4086:Waiting staff
4084:
4082:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4069:Table manners
4067:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4038:Table setting
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3914:Table service
3911:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3842:Hors d'oeuvre
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3823:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3731:
3726:
3724:
3719:
3717:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3644:Child rearing
3642:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3495:
3493:
3488:
3486:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3405:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3370:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3285:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3230:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3109:
3101:
3099:0-8493-9882-7
3095:
3091:
3084:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2955:
2936:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2862:
2854:
2852:0-691-01633-X
2848:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2726:
2724:0-7167-2415-4
2720:
2716:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2624:
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2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2368:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2320:on 2021-06-02
2316:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2154:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2103:
2097:
2090:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2034:(5): 1430â6.
2033:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1909:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1834:
1832:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1751:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1555:
1553:9780761363613
1549:
1545:
1538:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1478:
1471:
1465:
1456:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1249:
1240:
1236:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1144:Eating portal
1139:
1134:
1131:
1125:
1120:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
989:
986:
982:
978:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
945:
934:
927:
913:
909:
905:
901:
896:
892:
888:
886:
882:
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
861:hypocarnivory
858:
854:
853:mesocarnivory
843:
839:
836:
832:
828:
825:
815:
804:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
776:
774:
770:
769:baleen whales
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
693:
673:
660:Other animals
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
586:
576:
574:
570:
564:
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
543:
542:motor neurons
538:
528:
525:
523:
518:
514:
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2519:. Pet MD.
2324:2016-05-31
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1670:2019-04-13
1641:2019-04-13
1528:2024-05-11
1494:. nhs.uk.
1446:2008-06-03
1319:. nhs.uk.
1231:References
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1019:shorebirds
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1440:Archived
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1380:Archived
1347:Archived
1321:Archived
1288:23274963
1268:Appetite
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1105:vultures
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1003:sunbirds
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765:minerals
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