692:
549:
582:
109:
601:). However, analysis of fossil strata found no evidence for the existence of bluebirds on the islands prior to European colonization. Using simulations and molecular evidence, a 2013 study found that the Bermuda bluebirds likely descend from very small founder population from a single colonization event during the 1600s. This colonization event could either be a natural one by migratory individuals or an anthropogenic introduction by early settlers, who are known to have introduced several other eastern North American birds like the
563:, southern Canada to the Gulf states, and southeastern Arizona to Nicaragua. The increase in trees throughout the Great Plains during the past century due to fire suppression and tree planting facilitated the western range expansion of the species. as well as range expansions of many other species of birds. From 1966β2015 the eastern bluebird experienced a greater than 1.5% annual population increase throughout most of its breeding and year-round ranges, with exceptions including southern Florida and the Ohio River valley.
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female and takes around 10 days to complete. These nests are small, cup-like structures lined with grass, feathers, stems, and hairs. Each female lays three to seven light-blue or, rarely, white eggs. The female incubates the eggs, which hatch after 13 to 16 days. The young cannot care for themselves upon hatching. The female broods the chicks for up to seven days after hatching. Fledglings then leave the nest 15 to 20 days after hatching.
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570:, beaver ponds, mature but open woods, and forest openings. Today, they are most common along pastures, agricultural fields, suburban parks, backyards, and even golf courses. Populations also occur across eastern North America and south as far as Nicaragua. Birds that live farther north and in the west of the range tend to lay more eggs than eastern and southern birds.
700:
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Both parents cooperate in raising the young, which they feed a diet consisting almost entirely of insects. Some young stay around the nest to help raise another brood. Fledglings are grayish in color, with speckled breasts. The blue color becomes much more prominent and the speckles on their breasts
799:
Eastern bluebirds thrived in the 1700s and 1800s. This flourishing is thought to be connected with the activity of settlers. Clearing forests made new habitat available for bluebirds and nesting sites were created in the increasing numbers of apple orchards and in wooden fence posts that eventually
720:
Eastern bluebirds can live for 6 to 10 years. The longest recorded lifespan for a bluebird is 10 years and five months. However, most bluebirds die within their first year of life. Starvation and freezing are a danger to the young, but most threats come from other animals, including humans. Natural
679:
Mating occurs in the spring and summer. A mature female typically raises two broods each season. Nests are constructed in trees within abandoned woodpecker holes or other cavities that provide adequate protection (usually several feet above ground). Construction of the nest is done primarily by the
837:
population of bluebirds is considered the product of natural colonization, it has also become highly endangered. Early settlers described individual flocks numbering over 50 birds each flying across the islands, but in the present only 500 individuals are thought to remain. The near-extinction of
790:
Bluebirds feed by perching on a high point, such as a branch or fence post, and swooping down to catch insects on or near the ground. The availability of a winter food source will often determine whether or not a bird will migrate. If bluebirds do remain in a region for the winter, they group and
819:
Conservation efforts are seen as early as 1934 when Thomas
Musselman created the first bluebird trail by setting up rows of bluebird houses along roads. Also in the 1930s, William Duncan created a bluebird house design and educated others about these birds. In 1964, The National Association for
775:. When approached by a predator, the male makes a song-like warning cry. If no male is present, a threatened female will begin to sing, hoping to attract a protective male back to the territory. Both males and females also flick their wings and warble when predators are nearby.
816:) along with loss of farmland began to take a toll on bluebird populations. Along with these, pesticides and scarcity of food during winter compounded to cause the number of bluebirds to fall. A definite drop has been shown to have occurred between 1938 and the late 1970s.
593:, and has a distinctive, brighter blue coloration compared to mainland populations. This population was formerly thought to have been predated the colonization of the islands (making it one of only three extant, resident pre-colonization Bermuda landbirds, alongside the
539:
Male bluebirds have a bright head, back, and wings. Their breast is a brownish red. Females are lighter with gray on the head and back and some blue on their wings and tail. In females, the breast is usually lighter in color than in males, and is more orange.
1694:
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609:) to Bermuda very shortly after colonization. It is likely that the alteration to the islands' ecosystem due to the clearing of native forest facilitated this colonization by providing optimal bluebird feeding habitat, along with a lack of predators.
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787:. The remainder is made up of wild fruits or berries. It has a preference for grasshoppers, crickets, katydids, and beetles; and will also eat earthworms, spiders, millipedes, centipedes, sowbugs, and snails.
641:
123:
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Eastern bluebirds are social, and will sometimes gather in flocks of over a hundred. However, they are territorial during the breeding season and may continue to defend a feeding area throughout the winter.
820:
Protection and
Propagation of the Purple Martin and Bluebirds of America was founded. After it went out of existence, the Nature Society kept up with conservation work. Lawrence Zeleny's 1976 book,
642:
124:
369:
The bright-blue breeding plumage of the male, easily observed on a wire or open perch, makes this species a favorite of birders. The male's call includes sometimes soft warbles of
874:
Bluebirds were popular with early
American colonists and associated with the coming of spring. They were referred to as the 'blue robin' because of their resemblance to the
704:
566:
Bluebirds tend to live in open country around trees, but with little understory and sparse ground cover. Original habitats probably included open, frequently burned pine
536:
Eastern bluebirds measure 16β21 cm (6.3β8.3 in) long, span 25β32 cm (9.8β12.6 in) across the wings, and weigh 27β34 g (0.95β1.20 oz).
634:
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846:) forest in the 1940s and 1950s wiped out the majority of natural nesting habitat for bluebirds, leaving it almost completely dependent on artificial
2202:
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Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
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rotted. It is believed that bluebirds were most abundant around 1900. However, increasing competition with the invasive species of
443:
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is South
Carolina. Linnaeus based his short Latin description on the earlier more detailed descriptions by the English naturalists
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article he wrote helped make the plight of these birds well known. In 1978, the North
American Bluebird Society was founded.
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Livezey KB. (2010). Killing barred owls to help spotted owls II: implications for many other range-expanding species.
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seek cover in heavy thickets, orchards, or other areas in which adequate food and cover resources are available.
410:
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1287:), no. 381. In: A. Poole (ed.). The Birds of North America Online. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York.
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for breeding. Introduced starlings and house sparrows evict bluebirds from their nests, and introduced
910:
906:, and John Burrough's "The Bluebird". Lawrence Zeleny said that bluebirds represent joy to Americans.
548:
3819:
3483:
1884:
1874:
1592:
1144:. Vol. Part I & II. London: Printed for the author at the College of Physicians. p. 24.
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169:
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1889:
1160:"A synopsis of the birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and Mr. William Bullock jun"
1000:
993:
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1994:
1944:
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Livezey KB. (2009b). Range expansion of Barred Owls, part 2: facilitating ecological changes.
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are competitors for nesting sites. Non-nesting adults face predation by all native species of
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2019:
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Livezey KB. (2009a). Range expansion of Barred Owls, part I: chronology and distribution.
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disappear as they mature. Bluebirds may begin breeding the summer after they are hatched.
8:
2177:
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2009:
1954:
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730:
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1104:. Vol. 10. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 83.
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2004:
1989:
1927:
1826:
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1391:
Avery, Julian D.; Fonseca, Dina M.; Campagne, Pascal; Lockwood, Julie L. (2013).
1051:"Eastern Bluebird - Watchable Wildlife - NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation"
801:
726:
560:
469:(Linnaeus, 1758) β south, southeast Canada, east, central US and northeast Mexico
415:
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2014:
1999:
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1084:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 187.
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The eastern bluebird is featured prominently on the current obverse of the
883:
784:
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About two thirds of an adult bluebird's diet consists of insects and other
598:
452:
431:
3721:
3677:
3625:
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2776:
2755:
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34:
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2311:
2146:
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1879:
1713:
1095:
878:. Bluebirds have been mentioned in the works of many writers including
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658:
459:
79:
44:
1719:
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2131:
1932:
1919:
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1799:
1393:"Cryptic introductions and the interpretation of island biodiversity"
863:
859:
771:
742:
525:
221:
181:
84:
3388:
1645:
589:
An isolated, insular subspecies of the eastern bluebird is found on
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3545:
3411:
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2898:
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2819:
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2702:
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2556:
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1937:
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1502:
The bluebird book : the complete guide to attracting bluebirds
1025:"Missouri Revised Statutes, Section 10.010.1 - Official State Bird"
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734:
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241:
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117:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
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1959:
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Life
Histories of Familiar North American Birds: Eastern Bluebird
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The
Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands
769:, and most varieties of hawks, particularly those in the genus
762:
191:
1355:
3540:
3094:
2881:
2444:
741:. Bluebirds of all ages (including adults) are threatened by
683:
439:
1505:. Stokes, Lillian Q. (1st ed.). Boston: Little, Brown.
1390:
3070:
2437:
2400:
2370:
1784:
1750:
1542:
The bluebird : how you can help its fight for survival
1337:"Eastern Bluebird Sialia sialis BBS Trend Map, 1966 - 2015"
935:
573:
211:
3192:
2049:
1811:
1680:
1676:
Bermuda
Department of Conservation Services Bluebird Page
1124:. Vol. 1. London: W. Innys and R. Manby. p. 47.
886:"The Last Word of a Bluebird (as told to a child)", the "
766:
1538:
941:
858:) feed on juvenile birds. They are also threatened by
3342:
900:" ("Mister Bluebird's on my shoulder") from Disney's
822:
The
Bluebird: How You Can Help Its Fight For Survival
1191:
2341:
1283:Gowaty PA, Plissner GH. (1998). Eastern Bluebird (
992:
967:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22708550A132073744.en
518:, 1930 β El Salvador, Honduras and north Nicaragua
366:found in open woodlands, farmlands, and orchards.
1683:β Resources and advice for bluebird conservation.
1498:
1458:"Bermuda Audubon Society - Bluebird Conservation"
3801:
753:, and domestic cats. Introduced species such as
524:Howell, TR, 1965 β east Honduras and northeast
1706:- USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
447:that was introduced by the English naturalist
1735:
2249:
1672:at Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
1573:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1114:
721:predators of eggs and nestlings can include
438:. The eastern bluebird is now placed in the
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1094:
1027:. Missouri General Assembly. Archived from
543:
1742:
1728:
1664:Eastern Bluebird Overview, All About Birds
1577:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
559:The eastern bluebird is found east of the
294:
143:
107:
3850:Extant Late Pleistocene first appearances
3830:Native birds of the Eastern United States
1545:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
1534:
1532:
1530:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
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451:in 1827 with the eastern bluebird as the
1219:
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698:
690:
682:
670:
580:
572:
547:
1749:
1593:"Disney Song Lyrics: Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah"
1134:
1098:; Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, eds. (1964).
649:Calls and songs of the eastern bluebird
612:
505:, 1882 β southeast Mexico and Guatemala
496:, 1885 β southwest US to central Mexico
3802:
1527:
1475:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1187:
1185:
987:
3393:
3392:
2234:
1723:
1689:at eBird (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
1452:
1450:
1207:. International Ornithologists' Union
981:
3301:
1710:Audio recordings of Eastern bluebird
3810:IUCN Red List least concern species
3325:
1618:"2 Dollars - Elizabeth II, Bermuda"
1250:
1182:
1141:A Natural History of Uncommon Birds
1017:
953:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
778:
13:
1447:
712:Eastern bluebird in Quebec, Canada
623:
14:
3871:
2203:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
1687:Explore Species: Eastern Bluebird
1639:
1341:Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
3376:
3364:
3352:
3324:
3312:
3300:
3289:
3288:
3179:(New World vultures and condors)
1539:Zeleny, Lawrence, 1904- (1976).
1372:. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1366:"Eastern Bluebird, Life History"
1205:IOC World Bird List Version 10.2
1101:Check-List of Birds of the World
657:Problems playing this file? See
639:
168:
121:
32:
1656:BirdLife species factsheet for
1646:North American Bluebird Society
1610:
1585:
1384:
1329:
1316:
1303:
1290:
1277:
942:BirdLife International (2018).
794:
695:Eastern bluebird at nesting box
3825:Native birds of Eastern Canada
3618:eastern-bluebird-sialia-sialis
2235:
1695:Eastern bluebird photo gallery
1148:
1128:
1108:
1088:
1068:
1043:
531:
1:
928:
869:
1697:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1666:β Cornell Lab of Ornithology
487:, 1991 β east central Mexico
359:) is a small North American
7:
3855:Symbols of New York (state)
3845:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3243:(woodpeckers and relatives)
1311:American Midland Naturalist
1298:American Midland Naturalist
999:. New York: Knopf. p.
916:
687:Juvenile (left) with parent
666:
396:
303:Geographic distribution of
10:
3876:
3105:(cormorants and relatives)
2198:Extinct species since 1500
1499:Stokes, Donald W. (1991).
1271:Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1244:Animal Diversity Web (ADW)
405:by the Swedish naturalist
3401:
3284:
3235:(kingfishers and rollers)
3167:
3122:
3089:(albatrosses and petrels)
3061:
3032:
3003:
2982:
2973:(swifts and hummingbirds)
2955:(nightjars and relatives)
2943:
2906:
2897:
2864:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2805:
2779:(pheasants and relatives)
2754:
2678:
2637:
2575:
2547:
2523:
2499:
2472:
2393:
2380:
2337:
2310:
2306:
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2241:
2230:
2226:
2165:
2068:
1968:
1918:
1845:
1775:
1762:
1176:10.1080/14786442708674330
995:The Sibley Guide to Birds
960:: e.T22708550A132073744.
401:The eastern bluebird was
335:
328:
302:
293:
270:
263:
165:Scientific classification
163:
141:
132:
115:
106:
23:
3835:Birds of Central America
3134:(seriemas and relatives)
3113:(pelicans and relatives)
595:Bermuda white-eyed vireo
544:Distribution and habitat
377:, or the melodious song
30:Late Pleistoceneβpresent
3840:Birds described in 1758
3227:(hornbills and hoopoes)
3142:(falcons and relatives)
1324:Northwestern Naturalist
3211:(trogons and quetzals)
3023:(cranes and relatives)
2293:(emus and cassowaries)
2183:Glossary of bird terms
1995:Confuciusornithiformes
1164:Philosophical Magazine
1156:Swainson, William John
713:
696:
688:
676:
628:
586:
578:
556:
317: Year-round range
3769:Paleobiology Database
3052:(kagu and sunbittern)
3015:(gulls and relatives)
2020:Songlingornithiformes
1985:Omnivoropterygiformes
923:Bluebird of happiness
711:
694:
686:
674:
627:
607:Cardinalis cardinalis
584:
576:
551:
449:William John Swainson
323: Wintering range
2874:Phoenicopteriformes
856:Pitangus sulphuratus
844:Juniperus bermudiana
731:American black bears
613:Behavior and ecology
311: Breeding range
3860:Symbols of Missouri
2845:Mesitornithiformes
2839:(doves and pigeons)
2173:Families and orders
2035:Ichthyornithiformes
2010:Patagopterygiformes
1701:Eastern Bluebird -
1409:2013MolEc..22.2313A
1031:on February 8, 2017
989:Sibley, David Allen
827:National Geographic
341:Linnaeus, 1758
135:Conservation status
3187:(eagles and hawks)
3087:Procellariiformes
2992:Opisthocomiformes
2961:Steatornithiformes
2188:List by population
2025:Hongshanornithidae
1950:Evolution of birds
1597:SongoftheSouth.net
1263:"Eastern Bluebird"
1195:; Donsker, David;
911:Bermudian $ 2 bill
802:European starlings
755:European starlings
714:
697:
689:
677:
629:
587:
579:
557:
509:S. s. meridionalis
403:formally described
379:chiti WEEW wewidoo
3797:
3796:
3756:Open Tree of Life
3395:Taxon identifiers
3340:
3339:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3073:(loons or divers)
3042:Phaethontiformes
3034:Phaethontimorphae
2984:Opisthocomiformes
2953:Caprimulgiformes
2893:
2892:
2882:Podicipediformes
2801:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2519:
2518:
2302:
2301:
2259:Struthioniformes
2127:Waterfowl hunting
2060:Gastornithiformes
2055:Aepyornithiformes
2045:Lithornithiformes
1417:10.1111/mec.12236
1397:Molecular Ecology
1197:Rasmussen, Pamela
903:Song of the South
898:Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah
814:Passer domesticus
751:American kestrels
723:eastern chipmunks
709:
644:
603:northern cardinal
473:S. s. bermudensis
347:
346:
158:
126:
3867:
3820:Birds of Bermuda
3790:
3789:
3777:
3776:
3764:
3763:
3751:
3750:
3748:eastern-bluebird
3738:
3737:
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3711:
3699:
3698:
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3685:
3673:
3672:
3660:
3659:
3647:
3646:
3634:
3633:
3621:
3620:
3608:
3607:
3605:eastern-bluebird
3598:
3597:
3585:
3584:
3575:
3574:
3562:
3561:
3549:
3548:
3536:
3535:
3523:
3522:
3513:
3512:
3500:
3499:
3487:
3486:
3484:A8347C7DF99F44B5
3474:
3473:
3461:
3460:
3448:
3447:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3390:
3389:
3381:
3380:
3369:
3368:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3348:
3328:
3327:
3316:
3304:
3303:
3292:
3291:
3244:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3217:Leptosomiformes
3212:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3185:Accipitriformes
3180:
3159:
3158:(perching birds)
3151:
3143:
3135:
3114:
3106:
3098:
3090:
3082:
3079:Sphenisciformes
3074:
3053:
3045:
3024:
3016:
3013:Charadriiformes
2995:
2974:
2956:
2935:
2927:
2924:Musophagiformes
2919:
2904:
2903:
2885:
2877:
2856:
2848:
2840:
2825:
2824:
2816:
2815:
2807:
2806:
2780:
2767:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2534:
2447:
2440:
2404:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2308:
2307:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2095:Bird collections
2050:Dinornithiformes
1955:Darwin's finches
1945:Origin of flight
1885:Seabird breeding
1875:Sexual selection
1744:
1737:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1670:Eastern Bluebird
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1572:
1564:
1536:
1525:
1524:
1496:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1403:(8): 2313β2324.
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1333:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1307:
1301:
1294:
1288:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1259:
1248:
1247:
1232:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1189:
1180:
1179:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1021:
1015:
1014:
998:
985:
979:
978:
976:
974:
969:
939:
893:The Wizard of Oz
888:Over the Rainbow
806:Sturnus vulgaris
779:Food and feeding
727:flying squirrels
710:
646:
645:
635:Eastern bluebird
626:
500:S. s. guatemalae
482:S. s. nidificans
478:, 1901 β Bermuda
462:are recognised:
424:Motacilla sialis
351:eastern bluebird
342:
338:Motacilla sialis
322:
316:
310:
298:
276:
173:
172:
152:
147:
146:
128:
127:
111:
101:
31:
27:Temporal range:
24:Eastern bluebird
21:
20:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3785:
3780:
3772:
3767:
3759:
3754:
3746:
3741:
3733:
3728:
3720:
3717:Observation.org
3715:
3707:
3702:
3694:
3689:
3681:
3676:
3668:
3663:
3655:
3650:
3642:
3637:
3629:
3624:
3616:
3611:
3603:
3601:
3593:
3588:
3580:
3578:
3570:
3565:
3557:
3552:
3544:
3539:
3531:
3526:
3518:
3516:
3508:
3503:
3495:
3490:
3482:
3477:
3469:
3464:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3440:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3397:
3387:
3375:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3343:
3341:
3336:
3248:
3242:
3234:
3226:
3225:Bucerotiformes
3219:(cuckoo-roller)
3218:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3186:
3178:
3177:Cathartiformes
3163:
3157:
3149:
3148:Psittaciformes
3141:
3133:
3118:
3112:
3111:Pelecaniformes
3104:
3096:
3088:
3080:
3072:
3057:
3051:
3050:Eurypygiformes
3043:
3028:
3022:
3014:
2999:
2993:
2978:
2972:
2954:
2939:
2933:
2925:
2917:
2889:
2883:
2875:
2860:
2854:
2853:Pterocliformes
2846:
2838:
2789:
2778:
2765:
2750:
2674:
2633:
2571:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2527:
2515:
2495:
2468:
2445:
2438:
2398:
2397:
2385:
2384:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2298:
2292:
2291:Casuariiformes
2284:
2283:Apterygiformes
2276:
2268:
2260:
2237:
2222:
2193:Lists by region
2161:
2071:
2064:
2005:Chaoyangiformes
1990:Jeholornithidae
1964:
1928:Origin of birds
1914:
1895:Brood parasites
1841:
1771:
1758:
1748:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1566:
1565:
1553:
1537:
1528:
1513:
1497:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1370:All About Birds
1364:
1363:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1317:
1308:
1304:
1295:
1291:
1282:
1278:
1267:All About Birds
1261:
1260:
1251:
1234:
1233:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1199:, eds. (2020).
1190:
1183:
1153:
1149:
1136:Edwards, George
1133:
1129:
1113:
1109:
1093:
1089:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1011:
986:
982:
972:
970:
940:
936:
931:
919:
872:
852:great kiskadees
797:
781:
699:
669:
664:
663:
655:
653:
652:
651:
650:
647:
640:
637:
630:
624:
615:
546:
534:
416:Systema Naturae
409:in 1758 in the
399:
340:
324:
320:
318:
314:
312:
308:
289:
278:
272:
259:
167:
159:
148:
144:
137:
122:
120:
102:
100:
99:
98:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
3873:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3778:
3765:
3752:
3739:
3726:
3713:
3700:
3687:
3674:
3661:
3648:
3635:
3622:
3609:
3599:
3586:
3576:
3563:
3550:
3537:
3524:
3514:
3501:
3488:
3475:
3462:
3449:
3438:
3423:
3407:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3386:
3385:
3373:
3361:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3322:
3310:
3298:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3238:
3233:Coraciiformes
3230:
3222:
3214:
3209:Trogoniformes
3206:
3198:
3190:
3182:
3173:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3156:Passeriformes
3153:
3145:
3140:Falconiformes
3137:
3132:Cariamiformes
3128:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3108:
3100:
3095:Ciconiiformes
3092:
3084:
3076:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3047:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3018:
3009:
3007:
3005:Cursorimorphae
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2988:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2949:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2929:
2921:
2912:
2910:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2879:
2870:
2868:
2866:Mirandornithes
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2850:
2842:
2837:Columbiformes
2833:
2831:
2829:Columbimorphae
2822:
2813:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2774:
2769:
2764:Meleagridinae
2760:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2684:
2682:
2680:Odontophoridae
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2643:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2542:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2505:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2459:Stictonettinae
2456:
2454:Dendrocygninae
2451:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2407:
2405:
2388:
2375:
2332:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2255:
2253:
2239:
2238:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2207:Notable birds
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2157:Egg collecting
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2040:Hesperornithes
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2015:Ambiortiformes
2012:
2007:
2002:
2000:Enantiornithes
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1924:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1747:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1707:
1698:
1691:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1640:External links
1638:
1635:
1634:
1622:en.numista.com
1609:
1584:
1551:
1526:
1511:
1474:
1462:www.audubon.bm
1446:
1383:
1354:
1328:
1315:
1302:
1289:
1276:
1249:
1218:
1181:
1166:. New Series.
1147:
1127:
1107:
1087:
1076:Linnaeus, Carl
1067:
1055:www.dec.ny.gov
1042:
1016:
1009:
980:
933:
932:
930:
927:
926:
925:
918:
915:
884:Robert Frost's
876:European robin
871:
868:
810:house sparrows
796:
793:
780:
777:
759:house sparrows
668:
665:
654:
648:
638:
633:
632:
631:
622:
621:
620:
614:
611:
545:
542:
533:
530:
529:
528:
522:S. s. caribaea
519:
506:
497:
488:
479:
470:
436:George Edwards
398:
395:
345:
344:
333:
332:
326:
325:
319:
313:
307:
300:
299:
291:
290:
279:
268:
267:
261:
260:
256:S. sialis
253:
251:
247:
246:
239:
235:
234:
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
161:
160:
142:
139:
138:
133:
130:
129:
113:
112:
104:
103:
95:
94:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3872:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3788:
3787:Sialia-sialis
3783:
3779:
3775:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3596:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3471:sialia-sialis
3467:
3463:
3459:
3458:Sialia_sialis
3454:
3450:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3433:Sialia sialis
3428:
3424:
3419:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3403:Sialia sialis
3400:
3396:
3391:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3360:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3333:
3332:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3207:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3193:Strigiformes
3191:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3044:(tropicbirds)
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2966:Podargiformes
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2916:Cuculiformes
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2614:Macrocephalon
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2501:Anseranatidae
2498:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
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2275:Tinamiformes
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2251:Palaeognathae
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2137:Pigeon racing
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1703:Sialia sialis
1699:
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1658:Sialia sialis
1654:
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1552:0-253-10750-4
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1512:0-316-81745-7
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1285:Sialia sialis
1280:
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1238:Sialia sialis
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1211:September 10,
1206:
1202:
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1118:(1729β1732).
1117:
1116:Catesby, Mark
1111:
1103:
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1097:
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1083:
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1071:
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1006:
1002:
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946:Sialia sialis
938:
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921:
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840:Bermuda cedar
836:
831:
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418:
417:
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411:tenth edition
408:
407:Carl Linnaeus
404:
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358:
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356:Sialia sialis
352:
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287:
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274:Sialia sialis
269:
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265:Binomial name
262:
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150:Least Concern
140:
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114:
110:
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91:
86:
81:
76:
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66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
3402:
3329:
3317:
3305:
3293:
3203:(mousebirds)
3201:Coliiformes
3071:Gaviiformes
3063:Aequornithes
2971:Apodiformes
2932:Otidiformes
2908:Otidimorphae
2855:(sandgrouse)
2777:Phasianinae
2743:
2736:
2729:
2724:Odontophorus
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2562:Oreophasinae
2508:
2488:
2481:
2386:(waterfowls)
2382:Anseriformes
2132:Cockfighting
2117:Conservation
2112:Bird feeding
2100:Birdwatching
2090:Ornithomancy
2030:Gansuiformes
1977:
1970:Fossil birds
1860:Intelligence
1702:
1657:
1627:December 29,
1625:. Retrieved
1621:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:
1587:
1541:
1501:
1465:. Retrieved
1461:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1369:
1345:. Retrieved
1340:
1331:
1323:
1318:
1313:161:323β349.
1310:
1305:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1266:
1243:
1237:
1209:. Retrieved
1204:
1170:: 364β369 .
1167:
1163:
1150:
1140:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1100:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1054:
1045:
1033:. Retrieved
1029:the original
1019:
994:
983:
973:November 11,
971:. Retrieved
957:
951:
945:
937:
908:
901:
896:, the song "
891:
890:" song from
873:
855:
843:
832:
826:
821:
818:
813:
805:
798:
795:Conservation
789:
782:
770:
719:
715:
678:
656:
616:
606:
599:gray catbird
588:
565:
558:
553:S. s. sialis
552:
538:
535:
521:
508:
499:
490:
485:Phillips, AR
481:
472:
467:S. s. sialis
466:
457:
453:type species
442:
432:Mark Catesby
423:
414:
400:
381:. It is the
378:
374:
370:
368:
355:
354:
350:
348:
337:
336:
304:
273:
271:
255:
254:
242:
18:
3704:Neotropical
3678:NatureServe
3626:iNaturalist
3427:Wikispecies
3331:WikiProject
3241:Piciformes
3124:Australaves
3103:Suliformes
3021:Gruiformes
2876:(flamingos)
2785:Tetraoninae
2756:Phasianidae
2745:Rhynchortyx
2710:Dactylortyx
2577:Megapodidae
2567:Penelopinae
2525:Galliformes
2267:Rheiformes
2261:(ostriches)
2211:individuals
2085:Ornithology
2072:interaction
1827:Preen gland
1467:January 31,
1326:91:251β270.
1193:Gill, Frank
1096:Mayr, Ernst
1035:December 2,
555:, Vermont.
532:Description
491:S. s. fulva
476:Verrill, AH
3804:Categories
3782:Xeno-canto
3081:(penguins)
2934:(bustards)
2772:Perdicinae
2717:Dendrortyx
2689:Callipepla
2621:Megapodius
2586:Aepypodius
2464:Tadorninae
2446:true geese
2277:(tinamous)
2236:Neornithes
2147:Pheasantry
2122:Aviculture
1890:Incubation
1880:Lek mating
1714:Xeno-canto
1681:Sialis.org
1300:161:49β56.
1201:"Thrushes"
1060:October 5,
929:References
870:In culture
864:pesticides
860:feral cats
848:nest boxes
743:rat snakes
659:media help
516:Van Rossem
460:subspecies
419:under the
383:state bird
3815:Bluebirds
3150:(parrots)
2994:(hoatzin)
2945:Strisores
2926:(turacos)
2918:(cuckoos)
2847:(mesites)
2766:(turkeys)
2738:Philortyx
2655:Agelastes
2648:Acryllium
2639:Numididae
2628:Talegalla
2538:gamebirds
2531:landfowls
2510:Anseranas
2474:Anhimidae
2433:Anserinae
2216:fictional
1938:dinosaurs
1933:Theropoda
1920:Evolution
1865:Migration
1847:Behaviour
1569:cite book
1425:1365-294X
772:Accipiter
735:fire ants
526:Nicaragua
361:migratory
305:S. sialis
250:Species:
188:Kingdom:
182:Eukaryota
3683:2.101930
3670:22708550
3644:10197773
3497:22708550
3492:BirdLife
3412:Wikidata
3295:Category
3169:Afroaves
3097:(storks)
2899:Passerea
2884:(grebes)
2820:Columbea
2731:Oreortyx
2703:Cyrtonyx
2593:Alectura
2557:Cracinae
2549:Cracidae
2426:Oxyurini
2416:Aythyini
2411:Anatinae
2395:Anatidae
2142:Falconry
2105:big year
1960:Seabirds
1870:Foraging
1817:Feathers
1521:22542769
1441:39043622
1433:23432192
1158:(1827).
1138:(1743).
1078:(1758).
991:(2000).
917:See also
824:, and a
739:raccoons
667:Breeding
568:savannas
494:Brewster
397:Taxonomy
391:New York
387:Missouri
330:Synonyms
282:Linnaeus
232:Turdidae
228:Family:
202:Chordata
198:Phylum:
192:Animalia
178:Domain:
155:IUCN 3.1
118:Michigan
116:Pair in
3735:1484571
3595:2490941
3479:Avibase
3418:Q600880
3383:Biology
3371:Animals
3345:Portals
3307:Commons
2811:Neoaves
2696:Colinus
2662:Guttera
2600:Eulipoa
2421:Mergini
2285:(kiwis)
2269:(rheas)
2080:Ringing
1905:Hybrids
1900:Nesting
1855:Singing
1832:Plumage
1807:Dactyly
1777:Anatomy
1767:Outline
1757:: Aves)
1561:2005318
1405:Bibcode
1376:June 6,
1347:May 24,
880:Thoreau
835:Bermuda
833:If the
763:falcons
591:Bermuda
561:Rockies
503:Ridgway
413:of his
375:chir-wi
238:Genus:
218:Order:
208:Class:
153: (
96:↓
3774:369289
3761:775715
3709:easblu
3696:172413
3657:179801
3602:GNAB:
3579:FEIS:
3567:EURING
3559:SIALSI
3546:easblu
3520:easblu
3466:ARKive
3446:easblu
3319:Portal
3195:(owls)
2669:Numida
2607:Leipoa
2490:Chauna
2483:Anhima
2178:Genera
2152:Imping
2070:Human
1910:Colony
1837:Vision
1822:Flight
1602:May 1,
1559:
1549:
1519:
1509:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1343:. USGS
1007:
808:) and
747:racers
737:, and
585:Female
514:&
512:Dickey
458:Seven
444:Sialia
426:. The
364:thrush
321:
315:
309:
243:Sialia
3722:75990
3639:IRMNG
3631:12942
3572:11340
3541:eBird
3533:4X5FY
3517:BOW:
3510:16847
3359:Birds
2439:swans
2401:ducks
2371:fowls
2166:Lists
1790:Brain
1755:class
1751:Birds
1437:S2CID
440:genus
3743:ODNR
3730:OBIS
3691:NCBI
3665:IUCN
3652:ITIS
3590:GBIF
3582:sisi
3554:EPPO
3505:BOLD
1812:Eggs
1800:milk
1795:Crop
1785:Beak
1629:2023
1604:2021
1579:link
1575:link
1557:OCLC
1547:ISBN
1517:OCLC
1507:ISBN
1469:2022
1429:PMID
1421:ISSN
1378:2014
1349:2019
1213:2020
1062:2021
1037:2014
1005:ISBN
975:2021
958:2018
862:and
767:owls
757:and
675:Eggs
597:and
577:Male
434:and
389:and
371:jeew
349:The
286:1758
212:Aves
35:Preκ
3613:IBC
3528:CoL
3453:ADW
3442:ABA
1712:on
1413:doi
1172:doi
1001:401
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385:of
373:or
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