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763:'s "Track Rack" solar trackers are used for heat regulation. Earthships are positioned so that its principal wall, which is nonstructural and made mostly of glass sheets, faces directly toward the equator. This positioning allows for optimum solar exposure. To allow the sun to heat the mass of the Earthship, the solar-oriented wall is angled so that it is perpendicular to light from the winter sun. This allows for maximum exposure in the winter, when heat is wanted, and lesser exposure in the summer, when heat is to be avoided. Some Earthships, especially those built in colder climates, use insulated shading on the solar-orientated wall to reduce heat loss during the night.
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373:, or stone, could in principle be used to create a building similar to an Earthship. The tire walls are staggered like traditional brick work, and often have "concrete half blocks" every other course, to equal the length of the staggered tire below. In an effort to cut down the use of concrete even further, they also use "squishies" - tires rammed in between a tight space to even out the course or to compensate for varying tire size.
361:, describes how to find the best angle depending on the building's geographic location. The thick and dense walls provide thermal mass that naturally regulates the interior temperature during both cold and hot outside temperatures. The outer walls in the majority of Earthships are made of earth-rammed tires, but any dense material with a potential to store heat, such as
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expected to have a sale price of 250 - 400,000 pounds. The homes are all designed according to basic earthship principles developed in the United States and adapted to the UK. 15,000 tires will be reused to construct these homes (the UK burns approximately 40 million tires each year). The plans include the enhancement of habitats on the site for
791:. A 30 ft (9.1 m) pipe extends from the interior of the house under the berm, cooling the air by the time it gets to the comfort zone. As the hot air rises, the system creates a steady airflow - of cooler air coming in, and warmer air blowing out though a smaller vented window in the greenhouse.
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in the UK. The application followed a six-month feasibility study, orchestrated by Daren
Howarth, Kevan Trott and Michael Reynolds and funded by the UK Environment Agency and the Energy Savings Trust. The successful application was for sixteen one, two, and three-bedroom earthship homes on this site,
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materials wherever possible. Second, it would rely on natural energy sources and be independent from the electrical grid. Third, it would be feasible for a person with no specialized construction skills to build. Eventually, Reynolds's vision was transformed into the common U-shaped earth-filled tire
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Contractor's Report to the Board: Designing
Building Products Made With Recycled Tires. Published by the California Integrated Waste Management Board in June 2004. Produced under contract by: Chris Hammer, The Elements Division of BNIM Architects Terry A. Gray, T. A. G. Resource Recovery. Accessed
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Current
Earthship designs like the global module have a "double greenhouse" where the outside glass is angled toward the equator, and an internal glass wall forms a walk way or hallway as you step into the Earthship. This greenhouse is primarily used to grow food; it also creates a barrier for the
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from rain, snow, and condensation. Each inch of rain collected per square foot of water yields 2/3 gallons of water. As water collects on the roof, it is channeled through a silt-catching device and into a cistern. The cisterns are positioned to gravity-feed a water organization module (WOM) that
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tires of an
Earthship are assembled by teams of two people. One person shovels dirt and places it into the tire one scoop at a time. The other person, who stands on the tire, uses a sledgehammer to pack the dirt in while moving in a circle around the tire to keep the dirt even and to avoid warping
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in
October 2013. During that first visit, the team was able to complete two of the intended eight rooms. Biotechure Planet Earth came back to collaborate on the Malawi project in 2015 in order to complete the community center for the rural village. The crew was made up of a group of volunteers as
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cans joined by concrete, or wooden bond beams with wooden shoes. These are attached to the tire walls using concrete anchors, poured blocks of concrete inside the top tires. Wooden shimming blocks placed on top of the wooden bond beam make up the wooden shoes. The wooden bond beam consists of two
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The first official
Earthship home in mainland Europe with official planning permission approval was built in a small French village called Ger. The home, which was owned by Kevan and Gillian Trott, was built in April 2007 by Kevan, Mike Reynolds and an Earthship Crew from Taos, it was sold to a
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and his team came to build the first residential earthship in Boingt (Belgium). While water, power module, solar panels and the team were on their way to Europe, the mayor of Boingt put his veto on the building permit. Josephine
Overeem, the woman who wanted to build the earthship, and Michael
84:. Earthships may feature a variety of amenities and aesthetics, and are designed to withstand the extreme temperatures of a desert, managing to stay close to 70 °F (21 °C) regardless of outside weather conditions. Earthship communities were originally built in the desert of northern
542:, recycled water unsuitable for drinking, is used within the Earthship primarily for flushing toilets. Before the greywater can be reused, it is channeled through a grease and particle filter/digester and into a 30–60 in (760–1,520 mm) deep rubber-lined botanical cell, a miniature
961:(the Netherlands). Building started in Spring 2012 and completed in December, 2014. In Belgium, 1 earthship hybrid is also being built, intended as demonstration buildings. Since it is illegal to use tires in Belgium (for risk of leaking toxic metals like lead and zinc), the project uses
860:. The school was the first educational institution to use earthship architecture. Although Mike Reynolds and a team of interns helped complete the first two classrooms, the majority of the building was built by community members who had been trained in Reynolds' building techniques.
908:(Belgium). CLEVEL invited Reynolds from Belgium to Brighton in the UK, and orchestrated plans for the earthship in Brighton, started in 2003. This was the beginning of a series of trips made by Reynolds and the construction of earthships in the UK, France and the Netherlands.
633:. The energy run through the Power Organizing Module can be used to run any household appliance including washing machines, computers, kitchen appliances, print machines, and vacuums. Ideally, none of the electrical energy in an Earthship is used for heating or cooling.
617:. The batteries are housed in a purpose-built room on the roof. Additional energy can be obtained from gasoline-powered generators or by integrating with the city grid. For Canadian winters the solar cell exposed surface areas needs to be increased by over three times.
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the tire. Rammed earth tires can weigh up to 300 lb (140 kg), so they are typically filled in place. Because the tire is full of soil, it does not burn when exposed to fire. In colder climates, extra insulation is added on the outside of the tire walls.
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construction and natural cross-ventilation to regulate indoor temperature, and the designs are intentionally uncomplicated and mainly single-story, so that people with little building knowledge can construct them. They can be perceived as a realization of the
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Earthships rely on a balance between the solar heat gain and the ability of the tire walls and subsoil to transport and store heat. They are designed to use the properties of thermal mass and with the intent that the exterior earth-rammed tire walls provide
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it for AC use. The Power
Organizing Module is a prefabricated system provided by Earthship Biotecture that is simply attached to a wall on the interior of the Earthship and wired in a conventional manner. It includes the necessary equipment such as
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on the
Brighton Earthship. The first successful construction of an Earthship in Germany (Tempelhof/Kreßberg, 2015/16) used fewer thermal bridges but increased insulation in cooperation with a Fraunhofer Institute to prevent any mould problems.
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that will soak up heat during the day and radiate heat during the night, keeping the interior climate relatively comfortable all day. In addition to the exterior tire walls, some
Earthships are sunk into the earth to take advantage of
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well as locals all made up to create an 8-room building made out of tires, cans and bottles. Finally, in a web post uploaded in February 2020, it was confirmed that the community structure in Kapita, Malawi could be finished.
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Source: Thermal behaviour of an earth sheltered autonomous building – the Brighton Earthship, Dr. Kenneth Ip and Prof. Andrew Miller, Centre for Sustainability of the Built Environment - University of Brighton - United
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filters out bacteria and contaminants, making it suitable for drinking. The WOM consists of filters and a DC-pump. Water is then pushed into a conventional pressure tank to create common household water pressure.
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Electricity is collected using photovoltaic panels and occasionally windmills. Additionally, the electrical requirements of the buildings are minimized through the use of energy efficient lighting and appliances.
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The name is based on the idea of a ship or a space ship, in order to allude to the home's ability to provide everything for their inhabitants to survive: shelter, power, waste management, water, and food.
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The second earthship in South Africa is a recycling centre in Khayelitsha run as a swap shop. The centre was finished in December 2010. Another low-cost house built with tires is in development in
354:, the opening of the horseshoe faces 10–15 degrees east of south to maximize natural light and solar-gain during the winter months, with windows on sun-facing walls admitting light and heat.
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427:, that rest on the wooden shoes or the tin can walls placed on the bond beams. The roof as well as the north, east and west facing walls are heavily insulated to reduce heat loss.
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Booth, Colin A.; Rasheed, Sona; Mahamadu, Abdul-Majeed; Horry, Rosemary; Manu, Patrick; Awuah, Kwasi Gyau Baffour; Aboagye-Nimo, Emmanuel; Georgakis, Panagiotis (September 2021).
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family in 2014. The design was modified for a European climate and is seen as the first of many for the European arena. It is currently used as a holiday home for eco-tourists.
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and interior walls built with cob, cans, and plastic bottles. This Earthship adheres to all six principles of an Earthship. This is the largest earthbag earthship in the world.
816:, is located in a 60 hectares (0.23 sq mi) private nature reserve which is part of a 500 hectares (1.9 sq mi) area enclosed in a game fence and borders the
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1058:, Canterbury. They were inspired by Mike Reynold's books and worked with a local architect and engineer, reporting that the local council were very supportive of the project.
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Earthships have been built or are being built in Portugal, Spain, France, Belgium, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Estonia and Czech Republic.
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that already live there, which is the reasoning behind entitling the project "The Lizard". This would have been the first development of its kind in Europe.
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Angel and Yvonne Kamp built the first Earthship in South Africa between 1996 and 1998. They rammed a total of 1,500 tires for the walls. The Earthship, near
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10 insulation between deep soils and heated spaces. Wells's insulation recommendations increase as the depth of the soil decreases (a negative correlation).
92:, and the style has spread to small pockets of communities around the globe, in some cases in spite of legal opposition to its construction and adoption.
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Some earthship structures have suffered from heat loss into the ground during the heating season. This may be due to climatic differences between
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Earthships heat and cool themselves using thermal mass and solar gain. They do not use electricity or the burning of fuel to maintain temperature.
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Michael Reynolds' first building, the "Thumb House", was built in the early 1970s. It included features incorporated into later Earthship designs.
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bacteria. It is not recommended to plant edibles in black water; building permits may be refused for plans indicating such usage of black water.
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have to be adapted to perform as intended. Some showed problems with moisture and mould. Some research into thermal performance was done by the
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The buildings are often horseshoe-shaped due to the difficulty of creating sharp 90 degree angles with rammed tires. In Reynolds's prototype at
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Earthships are constructed based on six design principles that help contribute to the goal of environmentally sustainable building design:
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where earthships were first built and cloudier, cooler, and wetter climates. Thermal performance problems may also have occurred due to
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1974:[A school of tires and bottles: The first sustainable public school in Latin America is built in Jaureguiberry] (in Spanish).
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Earthships are designed to collect and store their own energy. The majority of electrical energy is harvested from the sun and wind.
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838:. This earthship is based on the global earthship model and is built with a foundation of tires, have roof bearing walls built with
580:; it may also be used in exterior planters. Studies on the safety of growing food plants in a black water system show low levels of
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Reynolds developed the Earthship design after moving to New Mexico and completing his degree in architecture, intending them to be "
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Loch in Fife, Scotland. It was built by volunteers of the SCI charity. In 2005, the first earthship in England was established in
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107:. They are constructed to use available natural resources, especially energy from the sun and rain water. They are designed with
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is about Earthships and Reynolds' struggle with obtaining permits to build out of unconventional material and off the grid.
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using bacteria and plants to reduce the nutrient load. Water from the low end of the botanical cell is directed through a
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Water collected in this fashion is used for every household activity except flushing toilets. The toilets are flushed with
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927:. In 2007, CLEVEL and Earthship Biotecture obtained planning permission to build on a development site overlooking the
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south-east of Adelaide in South Australia and is the first earthship constructed with council permission in Australia.
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layers of lumber bolted on to the concrete anchors. Re-bar is used to "nail" the wooden shoes to the wooden bond beam.
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1972:"Escuela de llantas y botellas: Se presenta en Jaureguiberry la primera escuela pública sustentable de Latinoamérica"
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Earthships are designed to catch all the water they need from the local environment. Water used in an Earthship is
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In an Earthship, a Power Organizing Module (POM) takes a proportion of stored energy from batteries and
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which has been used at least once already. Typically it is filtered waste-water from sinks and showers.
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Where it is not possible to use flush-toilets operating on water, dry solar toilets are recommended.
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Most earthship structures are earth-sheltered buildings with a large series of windows and used tires
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Water is collected from rain and snowmelt in the roof and is then stored in a cistern for future use.
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Further adaptation to the European context was undertaken by Daren Howarth and Adrianne Nortje in
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is a style of architecture developed in the late 20th century to early 21st century by architect
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1959:[Construction of the Earthship completed] (in Spanish). El Diario del Fin del Mundo.
1027:. Today this building functions as a visitor center and example of self-sustainable living.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20090511014310/http://www.garrellassociates.com/EcoDesign.html
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is passed once more through a greywater board and used to flush conventional toilets.
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Style of architecture that uses native materials and upcycled materials to build homes
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set out to create a home that would fulfill three criteria. First, it would utilize
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20 November 2008; In 2008 an Earthship teahouse was built in Zwolle, initiated by
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Reynolds decided to do a demonstration model in her back yard at her residence in
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The first official earthship district (23 earthships) in Europe was developed in
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http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Publications/Documents/GreenBuilding%5C43304008.pdf
1992:[A sustainable school: one year of life and great results] (in Spanish).
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An interior botanical cell; the plants function as water treatment for graywater
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1150:"Insights into Public Perceptions of Earthship Buildings as Alternative Homes"
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Earthships utilize materials such as used tires, cans, bottles, wood, and mud.
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1990:"Una Escuela Sustentable, Mar Chiquita: un año de vida y grandes resultados"
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1840:"Vereniging Aardehuis Oost-Nederland - Last hulls Earth houses completed!"
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is combined living quarters and the Sonskip / Aardskip open-air museum in
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On top of the tire walls are either "can and concrete bond beams" made of
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Earthship architecture began development in the 1970s, when the architect
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The water system with integrated flush toilet, as used in most earthships
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An earthship was constructed in 2015 by the Atkinson family in southern
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671: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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468: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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The average cost in 2019 including labour and land is about $ 500,000.
273: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Howarth, D. & Nortje, A. (2010). "Groundhouse Build & Cook".
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1564:"University of Cincinnati alum builds homes with recycled materials"
1388:"khayelitsha earthship: help set sail for a new housing destination"
1079:, featured a home construction episode about building an Earthship.
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on or near the Earthship generate DC electricity that is stored in
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1693:"Carbon Offsets - Carbon Offsetting - Carbon Neutrality - CLevel"
1414:"Aardskip.com supports Qala Tala to create earthship RDP housing"
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1125: – Using object intended for one purpose in alternative way
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The television series Building Off the Grid, which aired on the
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Adobe and rammed earth buildings : design and construction
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The roof is made using trusses, or wooden support beams called
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For the worldview of humanity as the crew of a spacecraft, see
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is water that has been used in a toilet. Earthships utilize
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An earthship has been built by Dawn and Lance Kirtlan near
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In 2004, the very first Earthship in the UK was opened at
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2004:"'We love it!' Couple over the moon with Earthship home"
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Annette Toonen. "Duurzaam theedrinken in aardehuis," in
1668:"From earth, cans and tyres: Earthship Ironbark - Renew"
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Earthship built by Angel and Yvonne Kamp in South Africa
1339:"Energy Extension Service: BUILDING ENVELOPE: Basement"
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of reused cans joined by concrete; these are nicknamed
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South and East view of an Earthship passive solar home
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1038:. In May 2018, another Earthship school was built in
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Internal, non-load-bearing walls are often made of a
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732:. The imperial R-value of soil is about 1 per foot.
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Self-contained sewage treatment and water recycling.
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Earthships: building a zero carbon future for homes
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Earthships: building a zero carbon future for homes
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1113: – Approach to agriculture and land management
1617:"Past project – Malawi Earthship Community Center"
845:A residential house was in the planning phase for
127:Earthship windows, water barrels, and solar panels
558:filter and collected in a reservoir or well. The
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1030:In March 2016, an Earthship school was built in
218:, and materials indigenous to the local area or
314:Building with natural and repurposed materials:
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1506:"Archive for the 'Swaziland Project' Category"
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1957:"Finalizó la construcción de la Nave Tierra"
1466:"Where in the world is Experiment Aardskip?"
852:In 2011, construction began on the Goderich
743:In addition to thermal mass, Earthships use
1920:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2t7bTX3KMQ
1345:. KSU Engineering Extension. Archived from
1266:. Earthship Biotecture, LLC. Archived from
1260:"An Earthship goes through the Hondo Fire!"
876:Earthship Ironbank was built by Martin and
863:A new project was scheduled to commence in
346:In-home organic food production capability.
170:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1317:. Taos, New Mexico: Solar Survival Press.
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1131: – Technology using sunlight for heat
546:, within the Earthship. Here the water is
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1015:was built in January 2014 in the town of
687:Learn how and when to remove this message
484:Learn how and when to remove this message
289:Learn how and when to remove this message
190:Learn how and when to remove this message
1970:López, Carlos Cipriani (16 March 2016).
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99:-ready" homes, with minimal reliance on
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1230:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
779:Natural convection cooling an Earthship
69:. Earthships are designed to behave as
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747:. Large front windows with integrated
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1969:
1772:"Groundhouse - Earthship in Brittany"
1591:"Earthship Malawi, Africa – Join Us!"
1412:Everson, Ludwig (December 22, 2012).
1207:Earthship Biotecture michael reynolds
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830:The Earthship inspired experiment in
320:Thermal or solar heating and cooling:
717:to reduce temperature fluctuations.
669:adding citations to reliable sources
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466:adding citations to reliable sources
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1119: – Swiss architect (born 1943)
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2039:Hewitt, M. and Telfer, K. (2007).
1898:Hewitt, M. and Telfer, K. (2007).
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1290:"The Earthship Academy experience"
989:. It featured on the June 2015 UK
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968:The Earthships built in Europe by
703:Solar water heater on an Earthship
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2155:Architecture of the United States
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1369:"First Earthship in South Africa"
767:'comfort zone' inside the house.
745:passive solar heating and cooling
1589:Nardone, Jeane (April 5, 2013).
1386:E, Michael (November 11, 2010).
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326:Electricity from solar and wind:
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2958:Architecture related to utopias
2468:Sarasota School of Architecture
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1761:(26 April 2008 ), The Guardian.
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1718:"Docking into mother earthship"
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1226:McHenry, Paul Graham. (1989) .
755:and other technologies such as
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453:needs additional citations for
305:Building with cans in the 1970s
258:needs additional citations for
80:materials such as earth-packed
2080:"Making Earthships Mainstream"
1535:Elliot, Sam (March 21, 2012).
1446:. The Weekly. January 18, 2013
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13:
1:
2593:Building types and vernacular
2024:
2008:Otago Daily Times Online News
783:Earthships structures have a
728:being erroneously equated to
1823:. 2012-06-18. Archived from
871:
601:Solar panels on an Earthship
7:
1759:Super green European breaks
1742:Earthship Homes development
1082:
1003:also hosts two earthships.
10:
2974:
2559:New Classical architecture
2191:Colonial and post-colonial
1641:"Kapita, Malawi Earthship"
951:series and in their book.
131:
116:of autonomous housing and
29:
2904:
2778:
2592:
2496:
2356:
2308:
2282:
2244:
2189:
2161:
1806:and the OWAZE Foundation.
1621:biotectureplanetearth.org
1444:Growing Tomorrow (AgriTV)
1167:10.3390/buildings11090377
883:
799:
76:made of both natural and
2948:Sustainable architecture
2478:Spanish Colonial Revival
2318:Richardsonian Romanesque
1918:TV report by 3sat, 2017
1867:EOS magazine, March 2012
1135:
1105:Hurricane-proof building
592:
512:for collecting rainwater
433:
234:Earthship Welcome Center
216:sustainable architecture
1932:"Earthship - Guatemala"
1313:Reynolds, Mike (2000).
1011:The first Earthship in
997:, season 1, episode 3.
239:Construction and design
2411:Dutch Colonial Revival
1597:. Earthship Biotecture
1543:. Earthship Biotecture
1491:"Top Travel in Orania"
1315:Comfort In Any Climate
974:University of Brighton
896:
809:
780:
704:
602:
536:
513:
501:
397:
381:
306:
235:
207:
128:
58:
50:
42:
2655:Hall and parlor house
2615:Central-passage house
2436:Mediterranean Revival
2162:Native and indigenous
1418:aardskip.blogspot.com
891:
807:
778:
702:
600:
534:
507:
499:
395:
379:
304:
233:
205:
126:
56:
48:
40:
2953:Sustainable building
2635:Critical regionalism
2328:American Renaissance
2089:, November 12, 2007.
1936:Earthship Biotecture
1645:Earthship Biotecture
1537:"Ten Days in Africa"
1129:Solar thermal energy
665:improve this article
615:deep-cycle batteries
462:improve this article
267:improve this article
164:improve this section
2483:Territorial Revival
2426:International style
2396:California bungalow
2386:American Foursquare
2078:Schirber, Michael.
2036:on 5 February 2015.
1440:"Qala Tala Project"
1203:"Design Principles"
785:natural ventilation
637:Thermal performance
570:anaerobic digestion
2943:Solar architecture
2534:Mid-century modern
2381:American Craftsman
2370:Streamline Moderne
2109:Earthship Brighton
2053:Klippel, James H.
1838:Gorter, Karin de.
1516:on 10 October 2013
1504:Harding, Stewart.
1375:. 16 October 2020.
1349:on 27 October 2012
1062:In popular culture
995:Escape to the Wild
897:
893:Earthship Brighton
810:
781:
705:
603:
537:
514:
502:
398:
382:
307:
236:
223:homes seen today.
208:
129:
118:sustainable living
59:
51:
43:
2925:
2924:
2497:Post–World War II
2209:Colonial Georgian
2119:Earthship Denmark
2114:Earthship Germany
2066:978-0-9566947-0-6
2049:978-1-86081-972-8
1908:978-1-86081-972-8
1647:. 8 February 2020
697:
696:
689:
494:
493:
486:
338:Sewage treatment:
332:Water harvesting:
299:
298:
291:
200:
199:
192:
49:Typical floorplan
16:(Redirected from
2965:
2896:Washington, D.C.
2514:Deconstructivism
2416:Georgian Revival
2406:Colonial Revival
2359:mid-20th century
2283:Mid-19th century
2229:Spanish Colonial
2148:
2141:
2134:
2125:
2124:
2105:
2104:
2102:Official website
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1846:. Archived from
1844:www.aardehuis.nl
1835:
1829:
1828:
1813:
1807:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1768:
1762:
1755:
1749:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1666:Freney, Martin.
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1562:Hughes, Amanda.
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1512:. Archived from
1510:earthships.co.za
1501:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1270:on 28 March 2012
1256:
1250:
1249:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1169:
1145:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1021:Tierra del Fuego
970:Michael Reynolds
925:Low Carbon Trust
901:Michael Reynolds
820:Nature Reserve.
795:Around the world
787:system based on
715:earth-sheltering
692:
685:
681:
678:
672:
649:
641:
627:circuit breakers
489:
482:
478:
475:
469:
446:
438:
344:Food production:
294:
287:
283:
280:
274:
251:
243:
212:Michael Reynolds
195:
188:
184:
181:
175:
144:
136:
101:public utilities
67:Michael Reynolds
21:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2900:
2774:
2588:
2492:
2441:Mission Revival
2358:
2352:
2304:
2278:
2240:
2224:German Colonial
2219:French Colonial
2185:
2157:
2152:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2084:Going Green at
2075:
2073:Further reading
2070:
2027:
2022:
2013:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1968:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1853:
1851:
1836:
1832:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1798:NRC Handelsblad
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1756:
1752:
1748:on 2007-12-13).
1744:(archived from
1740:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1502:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1384:
1380:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1337:
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1332:
1325:
1311:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1238:
1224:
1220:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1069:Garbage Warrior
1064:
1052:
1009:
983:
981:Central America
929:Brighton Marina
886:
874:
802:
797:
773:
693:
682:
676:
673:
662:
650:
639:
595:
560:reclaimed water
490:
479:
473:
470:
459:
447:
436:
295:
284:
278:
275:
264:
252:
241:
196:
185:
179:
176:
161:
145:
134:
35:
32:Spaceship Earth
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2971:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2700:Platform mound
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2458:Prairie School
2455:
2454:
2453:
2446:Pueblo Revival
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2401:Chicago School
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2362:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2300:Gothic Revival
2297:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2245:Early Republic
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2214:Dutch Colonial
2211:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2095:
2094:External links
2092:
2091:
2090:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2058:
2051:
2037:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2020:
1995:
1981:
1962:
1948:
1923:
1911:
1891:
1881:
1869:
1860:
1830:
1827:on 2013-04-10.
1808:
1788:
1763:
1757:Kevin Telfer,
1750:
1734:
1709:
1684:
1658:
1632:
1608:
1581:
1554:
1527:
1496:
1482:
1457:
1431:
1420:. aardskip.com
1404:
1378:
1360:
1330:
1323:
1302:
1281:
1251:
1236:
1218:
1191:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1101:
1100:
1097:Housing portal
1084:
1081:
1063:
1060:
1051:
1048:
1008:
1005:
982:
979:
885:
882:
873:
870:
854:Waldorf School
801:
798:
796:
793:
772:
769:
695:
694:
653:
651:
644:
638:
635:
594:
591:
544:living machine
492:
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317:
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296:
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74:earth shelters
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2970:
2959:
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2954:
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2944:
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2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:San Francisco
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2851:New York City
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
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2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
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2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2725:Shotgun house
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2640:Dogtrot house
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2630:Cowboy church
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2488:Tudor Revival
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2431:Mayan Revival
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:Second Empire
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2290:Greek Revival
2288:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1991:
1985:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1952:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1864:
1850:on 2018-10-29
1849:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1817:"The project"
1812:
1805:
1804:Theo Lalleman
1801:
1799:
1792:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1760:
1754:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1723:
1722:Eco Home News
1719:
1713:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1596:
1595:earthship.com
1592:
1585:
1569:
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1542:
1541:earthship.com
1538:
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1471:
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1415:
1408:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1374:
1373:earthship.com
1370:
1364:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1326:
1324:0-9626767-4-8
1320:
1316:
1309:
1307:
1291:
1285:
1269:
1265:
1264:earthship.org
1261:
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1103:
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1080:
1078:
1073:
1071:
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1059:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:Jaureguiberry
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:South America
1007:South America
1004:
1002:
998:
996:
993:TV programme
992:
988:
978:
975:
971:
966:
964:
960:
955:
952:
950:
949:Grand Designs
946:
941:
937:
935:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
909:
907:
902:
894:
890:
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71:passive solar
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2861:Philadelphia
2821:Jacksonville
2710:Quiggly hole
2549:Neo-futurism
2544:Neo-eclectic
2523:
2504:Blobitecture
2357:Late-19th to
2267:Neoclassical
2262:Jeffersonian
2204:First Period
2083:
2057:, green page
2040:
2012:. Retrieved
2010:. 2022-05-15
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1117:Peter Vetsch
1111:Permaculture
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1040:Mar Chiquita
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917:Stanmer Park
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858:Sierra Leone
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832:South Africa
829:
825:Bloemfontein
822:
811:
782:
765:
753:trombe walls
742:
726:thermal mass
719:
710:thermal mass
706:
683:
674:
663:Please help
658:verification
655:
619:
607:Photovoltaic
604:
588:
581:
574:septic tanks
564:
538:
523:
515:
480:
471:
460:Please help
455:verification
452:
429:
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399:
386:rammed earth
383:
358:
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285:
276:
265:Please help
260:verification
257:
225:
209:
186:
177:
162:Please help
150:
109:thermal mass
105:fossil fuels
97:off-the-grid
94:
62:
60:
2871:San Antonio
2846:New Orleans
2836:Los Angeles
2826:Kansas City
2760:Town square
2745:Sweat lodge
2695:Plank house
2645:Earth lodge
2463:PWA Moderne
2338:Stick style
2234:Territorial
1878:Performance
1776:Groundhouse
1568:UC Magazine
1392:UrbanSprout
1177:2436/625021
1123:Repurposing
1077:DIY Network
1050:New Zealand
771:Ventilation
609:panels and
566:Black water
359:Earthship I
88:, near the
2932:Categories
2735:Skyscraper
2690:Moki steps
2685:Longhouses
2579:Tiny-house
2574:Shed style
2564:Postmodern
2391:Beaux-Arts
2343:Queen Anne
2295:Italianate
2272:Antebellum
2025:References
2014:2022-05-18
1876:Article -
1854:2017-04-14
1677:19 October
1626:2022-08-26
1570:(May 2009)
1353:5 February
1274:5 February
1237:0816511241
1212:2023-09-23
1160:(9): 377.
878:Zoe Freney
818:Walker Bay
789:convection
761:Steve Baer
722:New Mexico
631:converters
578:greenhouse
548:oxygenated
371:earth bags
357:The book,
90:Rio Grande
86:New Mexico
18:Earthships
2891:St. Louis
2831:Las Vegas
2740:Sod house
2680:Log cabin
2625:Corn crib
2554:Neomodern
2529:High-tech
2524:Earthship
2509:Brutalist
2310:Victorian
2086:msnbc.com
1941:23 August
1781:23 August
1727:23 August
1702:23 August
1295:23 August
1186:2075-5309
1154:Buildings
1066:The film
1056:Ashburton
1044:Argentina
1025:Argentina
1001:Guatemala
991:Channel 4
965:instead.
963:earthbags
923:with the
906:Strombeek
899:In 2000,
895:, England
872:Australia
849:in 2013.
840:earthbags
757:skylights
677:June 2021
572:in their
556:peat moss
540:Greywater
526:greywater
518:harvested
474:June 2021
410:honeycomb
279:June 2021
180:June 2021
151:does not
63:Earthship
2866:Portland
2806:Columbus
2610:Cape Cod
2605:Barabara
2366:Art Deco
2174:Builders
1246:19849881
1083:See also
945:Brittany
921:Brighton
913:Kinghorn
847:Eswatini
814:Hermanus
552:filtered
363:concrete
220:recycled
78:upcycled
2938:Masonry
2886:Spokane
2881:Seattle
2816:Houston
2811:Detroit
2801:Chicago
2796:Buffalo
2786:Atlanta
2750:Temples
2720:Saltbox
2660:I-house
2620:Chickee
2584:Usonian
2519:Dingbat
2376:Pre-war
2348:Shingle
2257:Federal
1976:EL PAIS
1889:Kingdom
1697:C LEVEL
1343:ksu.edu
1036:Uruguay
1017:Ushuaia
934:lizards
738:R-value
730:R-value
583:E. coli
510:scupper
172:removed
157:sources
132:History
2912:Hawaii
2905:States
2791:Boston
2779:Cities
2770:Wigwam
2730:Sipapu
2715:Ramada
2539:Modern
2473:Rustic
2421:Googie
2199:Creole
2181:Pueblo
2064:
2047:
1906:
1651:18 May
1601:14 May
1574:14 May
1547:14 May
1520:14 May
1475:14 May
1450:14 May
1424:14 May
1397:14 May
1321:
1244:
1234:
1184:
987:Belize
884:Europe
865:Malawi
836:Orania
800:Africa
749:shades
622:invert
402:reused
114:utopia
2917:Texas
2856:Omaha
2841:Miami
2765:Tupiq
2705:Qargi
2670:Jacal
2665:Igloo
2650:Hogan
2600:Adobe
2569:Ranch
2169:Mound
1672:Renew
1136:Notes
593:Power
434:Water
425:vigas
418:adobe
367:adobe
82:tires
2755:Tipi
2675:Kiva
2451:Deco
2333:Folk
2252:Adam
2062:ISBN
2045:ISBN
2032:at:
1943:2015
1904:ISBN
1783:2015
1729:2015
1704:2015
1679:2018
1653:2022
1603:2013
1576:2013
1549:2013
1522:2013
1477:2013
1452:2013
1426:2013
1399:2013
1355:2015
1319:ISBN
1297:2015
1276:2015
1242:OCLC
1232:ISBN
1182:ISSN
959:Olst
629:and
550:and
384:The
352:Taos
155:any
153:cite
103:and
2082:on
1172:hdl
1162:doi
856:of
759:or
667:by
464:by
269:by
166:by
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