423:
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799:
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822:); produce shaded cut and fill maps; produce cross sections and visualize terrain in 3D. The means by which volumes are calculated in software can differ quite considerably leading to potentially different results with the same input data. Many software products use methods based on triangulated irregular networks (TINS) and triangular prism volume algorithms, however other calculation methods are in use based on rationalizing elevations into high density grids or cross-sections.
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814:. In that case, earthwork software is principally used to calculate cut and fill volumes which are then used for producing material and time estimates. Most products offer additional functionality such as the ability to takeoff terrain elevation from plans (using
700:. Earthworks cost is a function of hauled amount x hauled distance. The goal of mass haul planning is to determine these amounts and the goal of mass haul optimization is to minimize either or both.
584:
constructed from soil. Although soil is not very strong, it is cheap enough that huge quantities can be used, generating formidable structures. Examples of older earthwork fortifications include
670:
Excavation of over 76 million cubic metres (23 million cubic metres of which was additional to the planned amount due to landslides) for the
Culebra Cut, Panama canal construction photo taken
1005:. Intelligent and Integrated Sustainable Multimodal Transportation Systems Proceedings from the 13th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals (CICTP2013).
865:
891:
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is usually used due to the amounts of material to be moved — up to millions of cubic metres. Earthwork construction was revolutionized by the development of the (
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945:"How to Estimate Cut and Fill Volumes for Earthworks Projects | Grid Method, Cross Section Method, Earthworks Software"
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119:
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711:, including optimisation on haul cost and not haul distance (as haul cost is not proportional to haul distance).
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692:, while minimizing the distance of movement. In the past, these calculations were done by hand using a
1959:
1354:
969:"Vertigraph, Inc. -- Calculating Cut and Fill Quantities : Modern Techniques and Best Practices"
923:
684:(such as soil density and strength) and with quantity estimation to ensure that soil volumes in the
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works created through the processing of parts of the earth's surface involving quantities of
555:
is a new lightweight earthworks technique used to build a bridge overpass on weak soil near
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892:"Taking the Measure of Methods for Estimating Earthwork Volumes - Forester Network"
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software, in which case it often an add-on to a more general CAD package such as
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999:"Accuracy Comparison of Roadway Earthwork Computation between 3D and 2D Methods"
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Earthworks ditch and rampart in
Germany - age prehistorical prior to 300 BC
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802:
Earthworks cut and fill map and estimation summary produced by Kubla Cubed
548:
2173:
1870:
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819:
740:, construction/engineering vehicles used for earthworks civil engineering
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Muck excavation – this usually contains excess water and unsuitable soil
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916:"Vertigraph, Inc. -- Automating the Takeoff & Estimating Process"
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structures that may be designed and utilised as part of earthworks:
35:
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Unclassified excavation – this is any combination of material types
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to reconfigure the topography of a site, or to stabilize slopes.
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Frederick S. Merritt, M. Kent Loftin, Jonathan T. Ricketts,
1553:
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1513:
608:
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568:
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154:
746: – Building or other structure made largely from soil
736: – Vehicles designed for executing construction tasks
866:"Earthworks cost optimization through mass haul planning"
589:
361:
231:
738:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
764: – Process of restoring land to a different state
169:
An incomplete list of possible temporary or permanent
2196:
853:
Standard
Handbook for Civil Engineers, Fourth Edition
680:
Engineers need to concern themselves with issues of
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
997:Cheng, Jian-chuan; Jiang, Long-jian (2013-11-06).
2220:
770: – In civil engineering, creating a profile
1045:Saving Old Dirt: The Preservation of Earthworks
730: – Earthmoving technique to minimize labor
580:, earthworks are, more specifically, types of
1069:
724: – Conservation technique in agriculture
460:Excavation may be classified by the purpose:
1083:
806:Earthwork software is generally a subset of
782: – Material underneath a road or track
758: – Landscaping to optimize water usage
1076:
1062:
996:
788: – Terrain formed by tiered platforms
1014:
1003:Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
847:
845:
426:Flattened and leveled construction site.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
868:. www.topconplanning.com. Archived from
797:
665:
567:
547:
508:
421:
406:
131:
793:
776: – Pile built of accumulated spoil
437:may be classified by type of material:
27:Works that re-shape the earth's surface
14:
2239:Fortification (architectural elements)
2221:
842:
1057:
661:
164:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
24:
825:A few programs are specialised in
25:
2250:
1094:Offshore geotechnical engineering
1026:
855:, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1995.
827:earthworks transport optimization
703:Now they can be performed with a
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45:needs additional citations for
990:
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541:. Other common earthworks are
13:
1:
1744:Mechanically stabilized earth
836:
671:
412:
396:
263:Mechanically stabilized earth
182:Mechanically stabilized earth
69:"Earthworks" engineering
1496:Hydraulic conductivity tests
1016:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.145
620:Heavy construction equipment
614:
7:
2057:Stress distribution in soil
714:
513:Typical earthworks include
10:
2255:
1207:Pore pressure measurement
1049:American Battlefield Trust
603:. Modern examples include
400:
248:
2114:
2069:
1968:
1960:Preconsolidation pressure
1932:
1923:
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1567:
1521:
1512:
1435:
1355:Standard penetration test
1113:
1100:
1091:
752: – Cage full of rock
696:and with methods such as
2234:Earthworks (engineering)
1456:California bearing ratio
1254:Rotary-pressure sounding
1085:Geotechnical engineering
833:the construction works.
682:geotechnical engineering
411:Earth moving equipment (
1876:Geosynthetic clay liner
1851:Expanded clay aggregate
1471:Proctor compaction test
1412:Crosshole sonic logging
1398:Nuclear densometer test
1155:Geo-electrical sounding
479:or structure excavation
2139:Earthquake engineering
1950:Lateral earth pressure
1575:Hydraulic conductivity
1426:Wave equation analysis
1405:Exploration geophysics
1297:Deformation monitoring
1266:Rotary weight sounding
803:
677:
573:
560:
503:Underground excavation
431:
419:
217:Tieback (geotechnical)
143:
1317:Settlement recordings
1242:Rock control drilling
1143:Cone penetration test
949:www.kublasoftware.com
801:
669:
632:earth-moving machines
571:
551:
509:Civil engineering use
425:
410:
135:
2179:Agricultural science
1881:Cellular confinement
1041:at Wikimedia Commons
794:Calculation software
786:Terrace (earthworks)
768:Grading (earthworks)
578:military engineering
54:improve this article
2071:Numerical analysis
1955:Overburden pressure
1945:Pore water pressure
1725:Shoring structures
1600:Reynolds' dilatancy
1501:Water content tests
1486:Triaxial shear test
1446:Soil classification
1419:Pile integrity test
688:match those of the
192:Cliff stabilization
2046:Slab stabilisation
2026:Stability analysis
920:www.vertigraph.com
804:
678:
662:Mass haul planning
656:dragline excavator
574:
561:
491:Footing excavation
488:Channel excavation
432:
430:in the background.
420:
165:Shoring structures
144:
2229:Civil engineering
2194:
2193:
2065:
2064:
2041:Sliding criterion
2003:Response spectrum
1919:
1918:
1749:Pressure grouting
1648:
1647:
1508:
1507:
1461:Direct shear test
1167:Permeability test
1037:Media related to
722:Contour trenching
515:road construction
494:Borrow excavation
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2246:
2211:
2210:
2202:
2053:Bearing capacity
1940:Effective stress
1930:
1929:
1831:Land reclamation
1771:Land development
1666:Natural features
1663:
1662:
1630:Specific storage
1519:
1518:
1451:Atterberg limits
1389:
1377:
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1341:
1329:
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1305:
1290:Screw plate test
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984:
975:. Archived from
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935:
934:
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922:. Archived from
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906:
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896:Forester Network
888:
882:
881:
879:
877:
862:
856:
849:
762:Land restoration
739:
707:and specialized
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597:motte-and-bailey
447:Earth excavation
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2169:Earth materials
2110:
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1970:
1964:
1915:
1892:
1846:Earth structure
1841:Erosion control
1739:Ground freezing
1729:Retaining walls
1712:
1654:
1644:
1605:Angle of repose
1563:
1504:
1438:
1431:
1430:
1391:Visible bedrock
1343:Simple sounding
1331:Shear vane test
1107:instrumentation
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872:on 2 April 2015
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744:Earth structure
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450:Rock excavation
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390:Ground freezing
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242:Ground freezing
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137:Caterpillar D10
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2116:Related fields
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2036:Classification
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2008:Seismic hazard
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1367:Total sounding
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291:Retaining wall
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2144:Geomorphology
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1988:Consolidation
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1983:Frost heaving
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1861:Geosynthetics
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1856:Crushed stone
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1811:Cut-and-cover
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1580:Water content
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1278:Sample series
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1102:Investigation
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1009:: 1277–1285.
1008:
1004:
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993:
979:on 2016-01-31
978:
974:
970:
964:
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946:
940:
926:on 2015-12-15
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816:contour lines
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2164:Biogeography
2159:Hydrogeology
2149:Soil science
2129:Geochemistry
1888:Infiltration
1816:Cut and fill
1759:Soil nailing
1717:
1625:Permeability
1590:Bulk density
1307:Inclinometer
1230:Ram sounding
1115:
1006:
1002:
992:
981:. Retrieved
977:the original
972:
963:
952:. Retrieved
948:
939:
928:. Retrieved
924:the original
919:
910:
899:. Retrieved
895:
886:
874:. Retrieved
870:the original
860:
852:
824:
820:spot heights
805:
734:Earth movers
728:Cut and fill
702:
679:
634:such as the
618:
575:
564:Military use
543:land grading
519:railway beds
512:
459:
434:
433:
306:Soil nailing
212:Soil nailing
187:Earth anchor
171:geotechnical
168:
157:or unformed
146:
145:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2213:Engineering
2174:Archaeology
1898:Foundations
1871:Geomembrane
1754:Slurry wall
1693:Water table
1657:Interaction
1653:Structures
1640:Sensitivity
1437:Laboratory
675: 1907
428:Road roller
416: 1922
207:Slurry wall
151:engineering
18:Earthmoving
2223:Categories
2031:Mitigation
2013:Shear wave
1998:Earthquake
1993:Compaction
1978:Permafrost
1969:Phenomena/
1866:Geotextile
1791:Embankment
1781:Excavation
1718:Earthworks
1678:Vegetation
1673:Topography
1595:Thixotropy
1585:Void ratio
1568:Properties
1466:Hydrometer
1211:Piezometer
1131:Core drill
1039:Earthworks
983:2016-02-10
954:2016-02-09
930:2016-02-09
901:2016-02-09
837:References
694:slide rule
654:, and the
640:dump truck
630:and other
601:hill forts
500:excavation
485:excavation
473:excavation
444:excavation
435:Excavation
397:Excavation
147:Earthworks
110:March 2015
80:newspapers
2154:Hydrology
2134:Petrology
2022:analysis
2020:Landslide
1925:Mechanics
1836:Track bed
1821:Fill dirt
1806:Terracing
1379:Trial pit
1194:Statnamic
1179:Load test
774:Spoil tip
648:bulldozer
615:Equipment
523:causeways
466:Stripping
140:bulldozer
2184:Agrology
2073:software
1971:problems
1801:Causeway
1776:Landfill
1703:Subgrade
1620:Porosity
1615:Cohesion
831:planning
780:Subgrade
715:See also
709:software
705:computer
605:trenches
557:Montreal
477:Drainage
2124:Geology
2096:SVSlope
1906:Shallow
1826:Grading
1764:Tieback
1708:Subsoil
1698:Bedrock
1688:Topsoil
1683:Terrain
1476:R-value
1439:testing
1189:Dynamic
1116:in situ
1114:Field (
1047:at the
812:AutoCAD
652:backhoe
628:scraper
553:Geofoam
471:Roadway
442:Topsoil
403:Digging
376:Gabions
348:Caisson
320:Tieback
249:Gallery
227:Caisson
174:shoring
142:at work
94:scholar
2199:Portal
2106:Plaxis
2101:UTEXAS
2091:SVFlux
2081:SEEP2D
1933:Forces
1786:Trench
1734:Gabion
1544:Gravel
1184:Static
876:7 June
750:Gabion
650:, the
646:, the
644:grader
642:, the
638:, the
636:loader
624:Fresno
537:, and
535:canals
531:levees
498:Dredge
483:Bridge
237:Gabion
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2086:STABL
1559:Loess
1522:Types
690:fills
609:berms
593:walls
586:moats
539:berms
293:types
101:JSTOR
87:books
1911:Deep
1554:Loam
1549:Peat
1539:Sand
1534:Silt
1529:Clay
1514:Soil
1216:Well
878:2015
829:and
818:and
686:cuts
607:and
527:dams
159:rock
155:soil
149:are
73:news
1796:Cut
1105:and
1011:doi
808:CAD
590:sod
576:In
362:Dam
232:Dam
56:by
2225::
2055:*
1007:96
1001:.
971:.
947:.
918:.
894:.
844:^
672:c.
658:.
626:)
611:.
595:,
588:,
533:,
529:,
525:,
521:,
517:,
413:c.
161:.
2201::
1659:)
1655:(
1118:)
1077:e
1070:t
1063:v
1019:.
1013::
986:.
957:.
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904:.
880:.
559:.
418:)
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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