Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax

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summer evening walking over the Wolds, and on our way home sat in the sun for half an hour at a point looking across the plain of York. All the landscape of the nearer foreground was familiar—its sights, its sounds, its smells; hardly a field that did not call up some half-forgotten bit of association; the red-roofed village and nearby hamlets, gathered as it were for company round the old greystone church, where men and women like ourselves, now long dead and gone, had once knelt in worship and prayer. Here in Yorkshire was a true fragment of the undying England, like the White Cliffs of Dover, or any other part of our land that Englishmen have loved. Then the question came, is it possible that the

2392:. Churchill soon had a confrontation with Halifax who believed that the United Kingdom should try to negotiate a peace settlement with Hitler, using Mussolini as an intermediary. Halifax believed it better to try to get terms "safeguarding the independence of our Empire, and if possible that of France", in the belief that peace talks would make it easier to get the BEF home. He did not believe that there was any realistic chance of defeating Germany. Churchill disagreed, believing that "nations which went down fighting rose again, but those which surrendered tamely were finished" and that Hitler was unlikely to honour any agreement. Moreover, he believed that this was the view of the British people. 7219: 2396:

it seemed as if Halifax had the upper hand and that Churchill might be forced from office. Halifax came close to resignation, which might have brought down Churchill's government. Churchill outmanoeuvred Halifax by calling a meeting of his 25-member Outer Cabinet, to whom he delivered a passionate speech, saying, "If this long island story of ours is to end at last, let it end only when each one of us lies choking in his own blood upon the ground", convincing all who were present that Britain must fight on against Hitler whatever the cost. Churchill also obtained the backing of Neville Chamberlain, who was still Conservative Party leader.

5400: 2122:. In January 1939, Halifax accompanied Chamberlain to Rome for talks with Mussolini. That month Halifax pushed for staff talks with France, in view of the danger of war with both Germany and Italy simultaneously. After Hitler broke the Munich agreement and occupied the rump of "Czecho-slovakia" (the hyphen had been added after Munich), Chamberlain gave a speech in Birmingham on 17 March 1939, pledging that Britain would go to war to defend Poland. Halifax had been one of the drivers in this change of policy. By March 1939, Eden, then out of office, observed that thanks to Halifax the government are "now doing what we would wish". 2162:, as having acute perceptive skills and an ability "to detect major trends in the 1930s and to anticipate the course of events indicates his tremendous understanding of the decade", Halifax had completely misunderstood Hitler. Halifax said: "Hitler had a very low opinion of the Soviet Union, and our action would confirm to him the idea that we were a weak and feeble folk". On the contrary, what made Hitler worried was the thought of a joint pact between France, Britain and the Soviet Union to prevent a pact between Germany and the Soviet Union. Halifax did not know that in April 1939, Hitler told 8914: 2270:(whose presence at the meeting Churchill does not mention). Churchill described a battle of wills in which Chamberlain opened the meeting by arguing that Churchill could not command the support of the Labour Party after he had had to defend the government at the Norway Debate, only to be met with a lengthy silence before Halifax, with some hesitation, expressed his own unfitness for the job. Other accounts describe Halifax demurring much more rapidly, and Churchill actively agreeing with him. Churchill also misdates the events of 9 May to the following day, and although his writing assistant 7474: 2095: 2569:. Those years contained fraught moments and challenges for the relationship, as American power eclipsed that of Britain, and Britain's interests and rights were ignored on occasion, in particular, the cessation of nuclear co-operation after construction of the atom bomb. However, the partnership in World War II was immensely successful and as close as any other such partnership. It was a demanding post by any standards, but Halifax could reasonably claim to have played his part, and he enjoyed a notably longer term than his less successful successor 2189:, who opposed the guarantee, recorded (25 August 1939) that "the barometer of war kept shifting" and that "the Polish guarantee was 's pet scheme and favourite god-child". When Germany invaded Poland, Halifax refused any negotiations while German troops remained on Polish soil. However, he stood solid with Chamberlain, who delayed in giving a commitment to go to war until the French had also committed. Both of them were the objects of a Cabinet revolt, which insisted on Britain honouring the guarantee to Poland. 2078:, signed after Chamberlain's third summit meeting with Hitler, was apparently popular around the world and humiliating to many in the British government, but it was short of Hitler's desires (and of Chamberlain's proposed concessions) and increased Hitler's determination to return to destroy Czechoslovakia in the spring. On 3 October 1938, Halifax defended the Munich Agreement in the House of Lords, in much more measured terms than the Prime Minister had done, not as a triumph but as the lesser of two evils. 6180: 5678: 9285: 6801: 1912: 91: 2238:. Nevertheless, he mounted a strong and passionate defence of Chamberlain and his government in the debate preceding the vote. Under ordinary circumstances, such a weak vote would not have been politically disastrous, but it was decisive at a time when the Prime Minister was being strongly criticised by both sides of the House and there was a strong desire for national unity. Talking to Churchill after the vote, Chamberlain admitted his dismay and said that he would try for a 2728: 2118:(10 November). He advocated British financial aid to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe to discourage them from coming under Germany's influence. With Hitler's lack of commitment regarding the Munich Agreement becoming clearer, Halifax worked steadily to assemble a stronger British position by pushing Chamberlain to take economic steps to underpin British interests in Eastern Europe and prevent additional military supplies from reaching Germany, such as 2705:, Halifax based his policies on rational considerations, and that "on rational grounds, there had been much to be said for the Foreign Secretary's line that Britain should at least have investigated what peace terms were on offer." However, his "most important role in public life" was, in Dutton's view, as Ambassador to the United States, where he helped to smooth a relationship which was "often more fraught than early interpretations ... tended to suggest". 6704: 2511: 8819: 6716: 1558:" – shared rule between British and Indians at the local level) and had promised that after ten years there would be a commission to inquire about a new constitution and to advise on whether further reforms were needed. Irwin accepted that greater self-government was necessary, as Indian national aspirations had grown since 1919. Birkenhead brought forward the date of the commission, and put it under 2701:

depends"; just as Eden saved his reputation by resigning in time, so Halifax damaged his by being Foreign Secretary in 1938–40. "He deserves some credit for abandoning, or at least for decisively modifying, the policy of appeasement". His refusal to seize the premiership in May 1940 was "the most significant act of his long career". He argues that later that month, far from being a potential

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did not report the depth of their feeling, which he came to share, that such a declaration would undermine the findings of the Commission and that Dominion status would now become a minimum demand for the Indian leaders rather than an ultimate goal. The author David Dutton finds it "curious" that Irwin, who had believed that Simon would not object to Dominion status, did not understand this.

1896:. At Berchtesgaden, there was a long and tense meeting with Hitler, to whom he initially attempted to hand his coat, mistaking him for a footman. In these discussions, Halifax spoke of "possible alterations to the European order which might be destined to come about with the passage of time". Ignoring Eden's reservations, he did not object in principle to Hitler's designs on 2464: 1892:. Halifax later stated that he had initially been unenthusiastic about the circumstances of the visit, although Eden had pressed him to accept the invitation, and Halifax's trip to Germany had not been an attempt by Chamberlain to bypass the Foreign Office. In Germany, Göring gave Halifax the nickname "Halalifax" – after a German hunting call, 2494:

President meant a more constrained role for the British Ambassador. Communications technology meant that Churchill could communicate directly with Roosevelt from London; the Prime Minister was also a regular visitor to Washington, enabled by more advanced transportation technology (including both faster ships and aeroplanes). Halifax's cousin

1573:, boycotted it. Irwin assured Birkenhead that Simon could win over moderate Indian opinion. Simon arrived in Bombay on 3 February 1928. He achieved some limited successes, but Irwin became convinced that a new gesture would be necessary. Indian responses to Simon's arrival included the All-Parties Conference, a committee of which produced the 2142:, Halifax was quicker than Chamberlain to realise that Britain should attempt to ally with the Soviets. He told the Foreign Affairs committee: "Soviet Russia is something between that of the unconquerable steamroller and looking on her as entirely useless militarily. We cannot ignore a country with a population of 180,000,000 people." 1657: 2066:, brought Halifax to the sharp realisation that the road to appeasement had taken Britain into a series of concessions that were unwise and that were unlikely to secure the necessary pacification of Germany. On 25 September 1938, Halifax spoke out in Cabinet against the inflated demands presented by Hitler in the 1443:. Some saw this as an improvement in the moral character of the government. Austerity policies left no room for constructive policies. Wood, who spent two days hunting each week, was neither interested nor particularly effective in the job but saw it as a stepping stone to greater things. He was not happy about 2451:

had no future in this country." Colville thought Churchill had been influenced by the monthly censorship reports, which showed that Halifax had inherited some of Chamberlain's unpopularity. Halifax was the last man linked with appeasement to leave the Cabinet, as Chamberlain had by then died, and both

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Halifax granted a guarantee to Poland on 31 March 1939, triggered by alarming intelligence of German preparations, in hopes of sending clear signals to Germany that, in Halifax's words, there would be "no more Munichs". The Foreign Office received intelligence in early April 1939 that Italy was about

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Halifax was initially a cautious and elusive public figure, not an effective public diplomat like his predecessor. His relations with Roosevelt were satisfactory, but Halifax kept a low profile. Churchill's close engagement with the United States and his investment in personal communication with the

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On 24 May, Hitler ordered his armies to halt before they reached Dunkirk, and two days later, the British and French navies began to evacuate the Allied forces. Between 25 and 28 May, Churchill and Halifax each fought to bring the War Cabinet around to their own respective points of view; by 28 May,

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Unlike Simon, Hoare and Chamberlain, Halifax was not the object of Labour hatred in May 1940. Dutton argues that he "drew back" because of "inner self-doubt". "Political ambition had never been the most compelling motivation". He had a stomach ache, possibly psychosomatic, at the thought of becoming

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I had no doubt at all in my own mind that for me to succeed him would create a quite impossible situation. Apart altogether from Churchill's qualities as compared with my own at this particular juncture, what would in fact be my position? Churchill would be running Defence, and in this connexion one

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accepted responsibility for this error he later confirmed, in an interview in 1989, that Churchill's account was embellished after numerous retellings and was not meant to be taken seriously. The description of Chamberlain attempting to persuade Churchill to agree tacitly to Halifax's appointment as

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Halifax's political line as Foreign Secretary must be seen in the context of existing British foreign policy, which was predicated on a broad consensus that in none of the democracies was there popular support for war, military pressure, or even rearmament. There was debate about the extent to which

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It was further agreed that Gandhi would join the Second Round Table Conference as the sole representative of the Congress. On 20 March 1931, Irwin paid tribute to Gandhi's honesty, sincerity and patriotism at a dinner given by ruling princes. On the evening of 23 March 1931, after a trial now widely

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Some criticism of Irwin may have been unfair but he had made an error and the consequences were serious and unrest grew. Irwin's position was seen as excessively lenient by London but as half-hearted in India. With little room for manoeuvre, Irwin resorted to repression using his emergency powers to

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recorded on 20 December that Churchill thought the Washington job was a great opportunity for Halifax to help bring the United States into the war. Colville recorded Churchill's view that Halifax "would never live down the reputation for appeasement which he and the F.O. had won themselves here. He

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One such interlude early in June 1940 is for ever graven into my memory. It was just after the fall of France, an event which at the time it happened seemed something unbelievable as to be almost surely unreal, and if not unreal then quite immeasurably catastrophic. Dorothy and I had spent a lovely

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argues that from this point on, Halifax set his face firmly towards a policy of deterrence. He hoped that increased rearmament—including strengthening of alliances with and economic support to the countries of Eastern Europe, and the reintroduction of conscription—coupled with a firmer line towards

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after his second summit meeting with Chamberlain. It is now known that Halifax, under Cadogan's influence, persuaded the Cabinet to reject the Godesberg terms. Britain and Germany came close to war until Chamberlain flew to Munich. Chamberlain could hardly afford to lose a second Foreign Secretary,

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in London; no Congress delegates took part because Gandhi was in jail. In January 1931, Gandhi was released and at Irwin's invitation they had eight meetings together. Irwin wrote to his aged father that "it was rather like talking to someone who had stepped off another planet onto this for a short

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to be his acting viceroy in India. Indeed, on his return to London, Irwin brought with him a "suggested" draft exchange of letters between MacDonald and Simon. His plan was for Simon to write proposing a Round Table Conference to discuss the findings of the commission, and that MacDonald would then

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1931). Several attempts were made to assassinate him. He was more sympathetic to Indians than his predecessors had been, although he had no compunctions about signing death warrants when he thought them justified. He wanted Indians to be more united and friendly to the UK; his first major speech as

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like his father earned him the nickname, possibly coined by Churchill, of the "Holy Fox". He was born with an atrophied left arm and no left hand, which did not stop him from enjoying riding, hunting and shooting. He had an artificial left hand with a spring-operated thumb, with which he could hold

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become fully independent by May 1948 (later brought forward to August 1947) with no plans in place to protect minorities. Viscount Templewood (as Samuel Hoare was now known) opposed the plan, but Halifax spoke in the government's favour, arguing that it was not appropriate to oppose the plan if no

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on 8 August 1939 that "the military mission, which had now left Moscow, had been told to make every effort to prolong discussions until 1 October 1939". Halifax disclosed to the Foreign Affairs Committee on 10 July 1939: "Although the French were in favour of the military conversations commencing,

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the dictatorships' very separate interests could be teased apart. It was clear that an alignment of Germany and Italy would divide Britain's forces in any general war and that, without at least a neutral Italy, Britain would be unable to move large naval forces east to confront Japan, given strong

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status (i.e. that India should become completely self-governing, like Canada or Australia). Simon saw the drafts and had serious misgivings about the planned Round Table Conference. The exchange of letters did not mention Dominion status as the other commissioners did not favour it, although Simon

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David Dutton argues that Halifax, like Chamberlain, was slow to appreciate the sheer evil of Hitler and was overly confident that negotiation could yield results. His period as Foreign Secretary was "the pivot of his career and it remains the period upon which his historical reputation ultimately

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Halifax was the arch-appeaser. This, it is now recognised, was a mistake. His role, however, was complicated. In these pages he is not the man who stopped the rot, but the embodiment of Conservative wisdom who decided that Hitler must be obstructed because Labour could not otherwise be resisted."

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to greet Halifax as his ship made harbour in the Chesapeake Bay. Initially Halifax damaged himself by a series of public relations disasters. Two weeks after his arrival in the United States, Halifax went to Capitol Hill, meeting with House and Senate leaders. Upon leaving, Halifax told reporters

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argued that Halifax's stance of increasing resistance to Hitler, especially the Polish guarantee in the spring of 1939, was motivated not so much by considerations of strategy but by a need to keep ahead of a sea-change in British domestic opinion. He wrote in 1975: "To history, until yesterday,

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was appointed Foreign Secretary in Hoare's place. The following year, Halifax said the provisions of the Pact "were not so frightfully different from those put forward by the Committee of Five . But the latter were of respectable parentage: and the Paris ones were too much like the off-the-stage

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prime minister, and also probably thought that he could wield more influence as Churchill's deputy. Like Chamberlain, he served in Churchill's cabinet but was frequently exasperated by Churchill's style of doing business. Like many others, Halifax had serious doubts about Churchill's judgement.

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Churchill's political position was weak, although he was popular with the Labour and Liberal parties for his stance against appeasement in the 1930s. He was unpopular in the Conservative Party, however, and he might not have been the choice of the King. Halifax had the support of most of the

1951:, whom Eden regarded as an untrustworthy gangster, without gestures of good faith on his part. Halifax was appointed Foreign Secretary on 21 February 1938, despite some criticism from Labour and elsewhere that so important a job was being given to a peer. Halifax commented "I have had enough 2054:

was clearly next on the agenda, but neither Britain nor France believed they had the military capacity to support her, and in the summer of 1938, Halifax still wanted to urge the Czechoslovaks in private to make concessions to Germany, which was making demands regarding the status of the

1639:(Irwin's predecessor as Viceroy) denounced it, and Simon made his displeasure known. There was brief hope of a breakthrough in Anglo-Indian relations, but the New Delhi Conference of December 1929 between Irwin and the Indian leaders failed to reach agreement. Gandhi now began a 1931:) and Hitler, Halifax said: "Nationalism and Racialism is a powerful force but I can't feel that it's either unnatural or immoral! I cannot myself doubt that these fellows are genuine haters of Communism, etc.! And I daresay if we were in their position we might feel the same!" 1505:

had been Secretary of State for India in 1859–1865. He almost declined, as he had two sons of school age and his aged father seemed unlikely to live until 1931 when his term was due to end. He accepted on the advice of his father (who lived to see him return). He was created

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wanted Halifax. The Lords wanted Halifax. The King wanted Halifax. And Halifax wanted Halifax." Only the last sentence was incorrect, however; Halifax did not want to become prime minister. He believed that Churchill's energy and leadership skills were superior to his own.

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respectively). He asked the Labour leaders if they would agree to serve in a coalition government. They replied that it might be possible but only with a different prime minister and that before they could give an official answer, they would need the approval of Labour's

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as "gently evasive". David Dutton describes it as "an extremely reticent book which added little to the historical record". He gave the impression that he had been Chamberlain's faithful subordinate, omitting to mention his role in changing policy in spring 1939.

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helped him find his feet, and he soon led a very effective propaganda effort. Even an incident that autumn where he was pelted with rotten eggs and tomatoes by isolationists helped his reputation in the long run. He maintained good relations with Roosevelt and

1750:, he returned to the Cabinet as President of the Board of Education, for the second time, having been apparently genuinely reluctant to accept. His views were somewhat old-fashioned: he declared: "We want a school to train them up to be servants and butlers." 2663:

recounted a tale of how he had once been having a meeting with Halifax, his boss at the time. An official brought in two cups of tea and four biscuits for them; Halifax passed two of the biscuits back, instructing the official not to charge him for them.

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had approached Britain for peace talks in August 1939, just before the outbreak of war. On 1 November 1939, Halifax replied to an approach through Swedish channels that no peace was possible with Hitler in power. Even that aroused the wrath of Churchill,

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on 23 August. It has been suggested that Halifax should have led the negotiations himself, but that would not have suited Halifax's purpose because his government had not carried out the negotiations in good faith. The Foreign Office confirmed to the US

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Germany, Italy, and Japan would reduce the risks of those three hostile powers acting in combination. It is of note that, when war began, neither Japan nor Italy was prepared to join in until the pendulum had swung much further in Germany's favour.

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preparing for the annual conference which was to start on the Monday. They were asked to telephone with the result of the consultation by the following afternoon. In his diary entry for 9 May, written up the following morning, Halifax later wrote:

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with a view to achieving complete independence. He walked for 24 days to the sea, where he proceeded to make salt, in breach of the government's historic monopoly. Irwin had all the Congress leaders put behind bars, including Gandhi eventually.

1908:, although he stressed that only peaceful processes of change would be acceptable. Halifax was generally regarded publicly at the time as acting on behalf of the British government, and attempting to renew dialogue with the German government. 1993:, coupled to a firm commitment to rearmament, albeit unenthusiastically. All parties recognised the hostility of public opinion to war or military preparations, and the difficulty of acting without a readiness on the part of America or the 2581:

Back in the United Kingdom, Halifax refused to rejoin the Conservative front bench, arguing that it would be inappropriate as he had been working for the Labour Government then still in office. The Labour Government were proposing that

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secretariat in Washington. Halifax wearied of Washington, especially after the death in action of his middle son Peter in November 1942, and the serious wounding of his younger son Richard in January 1943. In March 1943 he vainly asked

2446:, British Ambassador to the United States, died suddenly. Halifax was told to take the job by Churchill, with the proviso that he could still attend meetings of the War Cabinet when he was home on leave in London. Churchill's secretary 10874: 1873:, as well as remaining Leader of the House of Lords. Chamberlain began increasingly to intervene directly in foreign policy, activity for which his background had not prepared him, and which caused increasing tension with Eden. 1669:

visit of a fortnight and whose mental outlook was quite other to that which was regulating most of the affairs on the planet to which he had descended". But they had mutual respect based on their respective religious faiths.

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Conservative Party and of the King and was acceptable to the Labour Party. His position as a peer was a merely technical barrier given the scale of the crisis, and Churchill reportedly was willing to serve under Halifax. As

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jackboot will force its way into this countryside to tread and trample over it at will? The very thought seemed an insult and an outrage; much as if anyone were to be condemned to watch his mother, wife or daughter being

1029: 1420:, under Churchill who was initially reluctant to meet him (on one occasion he stormed into Churchill's office and told him that he "expected to be treated like a gentleman"). In the winter of 1921–1922, Wood visited the 1310:

for Ripon until his elevation to the Lords in 1925. He was a Ditcher (i.e. opposed to the bitter end and ready to "die in the last ditch" to defend the House of Lords' right to veto legislation) in the disputes over the

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described Halifax as "the highest kind of Englishman now in politics" whose "life and doctrine were in complete harmony with a very lofty moral principle, but who has no harsh judgement for men who err and go astray."

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Chamberlain embraced the policy of appeasement as a moral force for good, as did many others who were deeply opposed to war and defence spending. By comparison, Halifax's policy appears more pragmatic, like that of

1865:, its "own backyard", would be difficult to oppose and should be welcomed insofar as it continued Germany's seeming progress towards normality after the tribulations of the post-First World War settlement. In 1936, 1255:, in October 1899. He took no part in student politics but blossomed academically, graduating with a first class degree in Modern History. Whilst at Oxford he was a member of the private all-male dining society the 1676:

of 5 March 1931, after which the Civil Disobedience Movement and the boycott of British goods were suspended in exchange for a Second Round Table Conference that represented all interests. The salient points were:

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In December 1937, Halifax told the Cabinet that "we ought to get on good terms with Germany", as despite the best efforts of Eden and Chamberlain, Britain was still faced with the prospect of war with Germany,

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The Irwin Declaration of October 1929 committed Britain to eventual Dominion status for India. Despite such a policy having been implicit for a decade, the Declaration was denounced by many on the Tory Right.

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the French Government thought that the military conversations would be spun out over a long time and as long as they were taking place we should be preventing Soviet Russia from entering the German camp."

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to the City of Leeds for less than market value in 1925, although a similar offer for its contents was declined by the council. In 1948 he donated 164 of his paintings to a museum being opened there by

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had already moved to other jobs. Halifax and his wife desperately tried to persuade Eden to take the Washington job instead, but to no avail. Eden was restored to the Foreign Office in Halifax's place.

2174:, whether the German people would accept such an ideological shift from anti-communism to signing a pact with the Soviet Union. Neurath assured Hitler that he "could do what he liked with the Party". 1955:

for one lifetime" (i.e. as viceroy of India) before accepting appointment as Foreign Secretary. Chamberlain preferred him to the excitable Eden: "I thank God for a steady unruffled Foreign Secretary."

1977:, appeasement was a necessary compromise to buy time for rearmament, a process to which Britain was already heavily committed. Others, especially Churchill, hoped that a strong military alliance with 10929: 2321:

pm on the 10th to report that the party would take part in a coalition government, although it had to be under the leadership of someone other than Chamberlain. Accordingly, Chamberlain went to

10934: 2059:. Halifax remained in London and did not accompany Chamberlain on his dramatic flights to Germany in the autumn of 1938. This was once seen as a sign of Chamberlain's dominance of his Cabinet. 1028: 10939: 10889: 5473: 2659:– land tied up in family trusts so that no individual has full control over it), equivalent to around £7m at 2016 prices. Despite his great wealth, Halifax was notoriously mean with money. 2110:

After Munich, Halifax (successfully) advised Chamberlain against capitalising on his popularity by calling a snap general election; instead, he urged (in vain) for Chamberlain to widen the

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Young, Ronald Bruce. "The Viscount Halifax (Charles Lindley Wood) and the Transformation of Lay Authority in the Church of England, 1865-1910." (Diss. General Theological Seminary, 2003).

9202: 2234:", they won the vote with a majority of only 81; 33 Conservatives and 8 of their allies voted with the opposition parties, and 60 abstained. Churchill had only grudgingly been appointed 10884: 10879: 7808: 1781:. He was pleased to give up the Education job. He felt the country was unprepared for war, but he resisted the Chiefs of Staffs' demands for rearmament. In November 1935, after the 8855: 3421: 2399:

Churchill told the War Cabinet that there would be no negotiated peace. Halifax had lost. A few weeks later, in July 1940, Halifax rejected German peace offers presented through

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had broken down in the first war... I should speedily become a more or less honorary Prime Minister, living in a kind of twilight just outside the things that really mattered.

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won a landslide victory, choosing to devote his energies to his All Souls Fellowship. By 1909, the political tides had turned enough for Wood to put himself forward for the

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prime minister is also hard to reconcile with Halifax's having expressed his reluctance to do so to Chamberlain at a meeting between the two men on the morning of the 9th.

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yeomanry regiment. He made a rare intervention in debate, urging that conscription be introduced immediately. He was sent to the front line in 1916. In January 1917 he was

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In 1968, the official records were released of Halifax's years as Foreign Secretary (the "fifty-year rule" was replaced by the "thirty-year rule"). Conservative historian

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arrangements of nineteenth-century diplomacy". Effectively, although not formally, Halifax was deputy Foreign Secretary to Eden. Halifax was one of the signatories to the

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and the damage it was doing to Anglo-American relations. He did little to challenge the critical view of appeasement which was then fashionable. His 1957 autobiography

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recorded that Halifax was always saying he wanted to retire from public life. In May 1937, when Neville Chamberlain succeeded Baldwin as prime minister, Halifax became

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am the next morning (9 May), Chamberlain met with Halifax and Churchill in the Cabinet Room. Churchill's own account of these events, published eight years later in

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By this time, Halifax was becoming increasingly influential in foreign affairs. Cabinet met on the morning of 18 December 1935 to discuss the public outcry over the

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On 16 October 1922, Wood attended the meeting of the junior ministers who expressed disquiet at the Lloyd George Coalition. On 19 October 1922, he voted at the

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By the mid-1950s, his health was failing. One of his last major speeches in the House of Lords was in November 1956, when he criticised the government's

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pm that afternoon Chamberlain held another meeting, attended by Halifax, Churchill, and the leader and the deputy leader of the opposition Labour Party (

2190: 1392:(later Lord Lloyd) wrote "The Great Opportunity", a tract aiming to set an agenda for a revived Conservative and Unionist Party following the end of the 7169: 6413: 5527: 5479: 4976: 2870: 1343: 657: 598: 17: 2214:, who sent a private note to Halifax rebuking him that such talk was dangerous. Halifax remained opposed to any hint of a compromise peace during the 10869: 5725: 5503: 5345: 4095: 1270:. In 1905, he returned to England for two years of study at All Souls. He visited Canada in 1907. He wrote a short biography of the Victorian cleric 1943:. By February 1938, Halifax warned Chamberlain of strains in the Cabinet, and tried to broker a deal between Chamberlain and Eden. Eden resigned as 1149:

in March 1939, he was one of those who pushed for a new policy of attempting to deter further German aggression by promising to go to war to defend

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When Chamberlain retired from the Cabinet due to ill health, Churchill tried to ease Halifax out of the Foreign Office by offering him a job as

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by offering jobs not just to Churchill and Eden but also to Labour and Liberal figures. Halifax was also disgusted by the anti-Jewish pogrom of

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Between 1886 and 1890, Wood's three older brothers died young, leaving him, at the age of nine, heir to his father's fortune and seat in the

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in Yorkshire, and he was easily selected through local influence. Ripon had gone Liberal in 1906; Wood won it with a 1,000 vote majority in

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Halifax and Eden were in agreement about the direction of foreign policy (and in line with prevailing opinion throughout Britain) that

513: 11009: 10647: 7745: 7650: 7551: 6263: 5800: 5705: 5327: 4636: 1164:

was given as the official reason). A few weeks later, with the Allies nearing catastrophic defeat and British forces falling back to

2019: 2005:). Nonetheless, Halifax was criticised as an appeaser, along with Chamberlain, Hoare, and twelve others, in the anonymous 1940 book 1710:

were hanged, in an execution brought forward by 12 hours. The exact extent of political interference is yet to be brought to light.

1396:. They urged the Conservative Party to concentrate on the welfare of the community rather than the good of the individual. With the 10959: 10784: 10652: 9630: 9259: 9161: 8757: 8752: 7593: 6555: 6528: 6518: 6398: 6383: 6293: 5905: 5461: 4959: 4456:

Chapnick, Adam. "Testing the Bonds of Commonwealth with Viscount Halifax: Canada in the Post-War International System, 1942–1944."

1693:

The Government would release all persons serving sentences of imprisonment for their activities in the civil disobedience movement.

10909: 10672: 9831: 9770: 9156: 6972: 6228: 5877: 5795: 5533: 4998: 4781: 2940: 2861: 2615: 2503:, and toured the country, meeting many more ordinary Americans than his predecessor had done. He became especially popular after 2342: 483: 105: 10919: 10904: 10622: 10575: 9229: 8898: 8747: 7162: 7131: 7068: 7018: 6353: 6343: 6328: 6223: 5852: 5824: 5467: 5030: 4646: 2130:. At a Cabinet meeting on 5 April 1939, Halifax rejected these reports. Two days later, Italy invaded Albania; Halifax met Sir 1838: 760: 490: 1474: 9877: 9304: 9166: 8864: 8697: 8672: 8662: 8657: 7699: 7359: 7329: 7235: 6707: 6580: 6458: 6448: 6403: 5955: 5847: 5515: 5455: 5375: 5090: 5050: 4991: 4930: 4923: 4899: 4862: 4690: 4353: 4319: 4283: 4268: 3893: 3627: 3501: 3397: 2774: 2591: 2452: 2443: 1990: 1830: 1766: 1723: 1636: 1374: 1307: 1197: 828: 586: 532: 204: 152: 9335: 1156:

On Chamberlain's resignation early in May 1940, Halifax effectively declined the position of prime minister as he felt that

9171: 9074: 8767: 8677: 8667: 8647: 8632: 8622: 8479: 7926: 7505: 7450: 7367: 7195: 6898: 6842: 6781: 6777: 6746: 6333: 6318: 6268: 5867: 5369: 4572: 4301: 2891: 2610:, a society dedicated to better Anglo-American relations. From 1947 he was chairman of the General Advisory Council of the 1782: 1622: 1610: 1459: 1448: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 3999: 2081:

The Munich crisis had seen Halifax begin to take a stronger line than Chamberlain against further concessions to Germany.

10949: 10854: 10794: 10774: 10703: 9348: 7718: 7585: 6538: 6203: 5815: 5775: 4737: 4717: 4663: 2111: 1842: 1774: 1486: 1440: 1382: 1146: 1021: 373: 2177:

With Poland now looking likely to be carved up between Germany and the Soviets (as indeed soon took place), the diarist

11024: 10829: 9234: 9064: 9039: 8727: 8702: 7612: 6363: 6348: 6238: 6233: 6218: 5765: 5755: 5172: 4673: 4598: 4543: 2840: 2255: 1538:

viceroy, and several more throughout his term of office, urged an end to communal violence between Hindus and Muslims.

1295: 1205: 989: 833: 807: 706: 2479:

welcomed him in person when he arrived. Casting aside diplomatic protocols, Roosevelt took the presidential yacht the

1338:("Heaven Knows What For" he wrote). He rose to the rank of major. He was then deputy director of Labour Supply at the 10964: 10597: 10592: 9069: 9049: 9034: 8963: 8928: 8732: 8722: 8717: 7737: 7707: 7155: 7125: 7106: 7087: 6991: 6961: 6258: 5872: 5857: 5790: 5539: 5443: 5431: 5387: 5363: 5351: 5248: 5162: 4913: 4800: 4473:

Neville, Peter. "Sir Alexander Cadogan and Lord Halifax's 'Damascus road' conversion over the Godesberg terms 1938."

4334: 4064: 3793: 3476: 2836: 2603: 2538:, the fourth creation of the title. Halifax took part in a plethora of international conferences over the UN and the 1970: 1862: 1400:

then in progress Wood urged a federal solution. At this time he concentrated on housing and agriculture and Ireland.

1327: 1061: 972: 944: 821: 274: 56: 4513: 3686: 2333:

by replacing six of the Conservative politicians with Greenwood and Attlee, retaining only Halifax and Chamberlain.

10799: 9520: 9239: 8712: 7417: 7386: 7030: 6523: 5837: 5682: 5449: 5321: 4581: 2631: 1417: 1251:

from September 1894. He was not happy at school as he was not talented either at sport or classics. He went up to

10764: 10759: 9760: 9750: 9715: 9004: 7680: 7642: 6953: 6739: 6161: 5485: 5271: 4517: 2595: 2359: 2182: 1981:

would permit a more robust foreign policy towards the dictators. Many shared Churchill's confidence in the large

1173: 994: 10899: 10723: 8777: 7490: 7454: 7260: 7199: 6453: 6338: 6323: 5730: 5437: 3784:

Blake, Robert (1993). "How Churchill Became Prime Minister". In Blake, Robert B.; Louis, William Roger (eds.).

2887: 2550:'s request to stay on until May 1946. In February 1946, he was present at Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech at 2456: 1551: 1369:. He was a signatory to the April 1919 Lowther Petition calling for harsher peace terms against Germany in the 1103: 976: 80: 2404: 2226:

On 8 May 1940, Chamberlain's government survived a motion of no confidence brought about by the deteriorating

11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10693: 10662: 7756: 7501: 7433: 6828: 6278: 5920: 5135: 4944: 4879: 4817: 2673: 2329:

ask Churchill to form a government. On doing so, one of Churchill's first actions was to form a new, smaller

1870: 1851: 1648:

ban public gatherings and crush rebellious opposition. Gandhi's detention, however, only made matters worse.

1436: 1389: 1169: 392: 216: 5409: 5404: 1266:. After a year at All Souls, he went on a Grand Tour of South Africa, India, Australia and New Zealand with 10713: 10369: 9720: 9327: 8983: 8499: 7623: 7566: 4869: 4790: 1790: 1770: 1547: 1490: 1339: 1068: 171: 60: 7218: 2856: 1466:, a more onerous job than Education had been. He took an Agriculture and Tithes Bill through the Commons. 1119:

politician of the 1930s. He held several senior ministerial posts during this time, most notably those of

10559: 9946: 9595: 9274: 9187: 8822: 8737: 8514: 8504: 8474: 8166: 7661: 7631: 7524: 7410: 7340: 7252: 6884: 6248: 5419: 4568: 4256: 2235: 2211: 2146: 2127: 2051: 1901: 1213: 9755: 6800: 11014: 10294: 9846: 9563: 9558: 8878: 7604: 7315: 7290: 7060: 7024: 6154: 5264: 5220: 2201:

After the outbreak of war, Halifax's diplomacy aimed to dissuade the Soviets from formally joining the

1778: 1731: 340: 2442:. Halifax refused, although he agreed to become Leader of the Lords once again. In December 1940, the 10914: 10859: 10849: 10769: 10269: 9966: 9841: 9680: 9620: 7986: 5981: 5287: 3809: 2369: 1598: 1397: 1263: 4538: 10554: 10529: 10066: 9765: 9745: 9605: 9465: 9423: 7764: 7178: 6070: 5691: 5626: 3867:

Roberts 1991, p. 14; the book says "there" which presumably means at Temple Newsam rather than the

2719:, a women's college in Delhi, was established under the patronage of Dorothy, Lady Irwin, in 1931. 1897: 1621:

as Secretary of State for India. On 13 July 1929, Irwin arrived in England on leave, having chosen

1570: 1452: 1283: 1217: 4096:"HALIFAX'S SON KILLED IN FIGHTING IN EGYPT; Lieut. the Hon. Peter Wood Was in Royal Armored Corps" 4013: 3319: 1431:

for the Conservatives to fight the next election as an independent force. The Coalition ended and

10274: 10244: 9981: 9961: 9796: 9705: 9428: 9418: 9408: 9398: 9176: 9019: 9014: 8938: 8549: 8539: 8529: 8424: 8414: 8404: 8026: 7861: 7846: 7147: 5058: 4614: 4380: 3537: 2599: 2166:

that he was contemplating a reconciliation with the Soviet Union. On 2 August 1939, Hitler asked

1590: 1335: 1291: 932: 868: 5399: 4076: 3596: 2163: 2151: 1525:

Irwin relished the pomp of the viceroyalty. He was an able horseman, and stood 6' 5". He had a "

10499: 10409: 10404: 9645: 9584: 9476: 9403: 9393: 9125: 9090: 8559: 8489: 8151: 7936: 7117: 6762: 4607: 2504: 2167: 2035: 1905: 1665: 1479: 1212:, which pushed for ecumenical reunion, in 1868, 1919, and 1927–1934. His great-grandfather was 1150: 1096: 76: 10698: 10637: 10464: 10249: 10194: 10026: 9986: 9791: 9710: 9655: 9640: 9590: 9578: 9455: 8913: 8627: 8612: 8554: 8226: 8221: 8141: 8066: 7976: 7876: 6719: 6513: 5915: 5607: 5357: 2689:

called him "this strange and imposing figure—half unworldly saint, half cunning politician."

2526: 2515: 2476: 2043: 1924: 1739: 1673: 1618: 1526: 1413: 1393: 1316: 1252: 1208:(1839–1934), and Lady Agnes Elizabeth Courtenay (1838–1919). His father was President of the 1009: 4033: 3093: 1777:. In June 1935, Baldwin became prime minister for the third time, and Halifax was appointed 11019: 10979: 10754: 10749: 10549: 10504: 10439: 10384: 10329: 10214: 10119: 10076: 10031: 9951: 9851: 9695: 9600: 9450: 8607: 8161: 8081: 7906: 7896: 2904: 2881: 2239: 2158:

While Henry Roberts has spoken of Halifax's fellow Foreign Minister (of the Soviet Union),

2067: 1823: 1690:

The Government would withdraw all prosecutions relating to offences not involving violence.

1530: 1428: 1370: 1209: 1116: 47: 7786: 4155: 1826:. Halifax, who was due to make a statement in the Lords that afternoon, insisted that the 1172:

to see if acceptable peace terms could be negotiated. He was overruled by Churchill after

8: 10534: 10479: 10364: 10359: 10254: 10234: 10159: 9956: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9901: 9740: 9044: 8893: 8833: 8429: 8419: 8156: 8126: 8116: 8091: 7951: 7911: 7901: 7770: 7207: 7182: 6836: 5770: 5595: 5585: 5110: 2923: 2559: 2555: 2519: 2481: 2094: 2031: 2027: 1928: 1866: 1719: 1594: 1421: 1378: 1312: 1136: 247: 31: 7473: 5633:

in his role as King of India (1947–50). As representatives of George VI and then

2263:'s record of his conversations with Halifax, or accounts given by Chamberlain or by the 10718: 10564: 10484: 10414: 10399: 10309: 10299: 10209: 10199: 10184: 10169: 10149: 10124: 9996: 9941: 9665: 9635: 9530: 9510: 9460: 9358: 9095: 9054: 8943: 8642: 8131: 8111: 8056: 8046: 8031: 7941: 7921: 7851: 7841: 7098: 6438: 5601: 5573: 5557: 5295: 4710: 4559: 4548: 4307: 4038: 4018: 3098: 2716: 2712: 2652: 2587:

alternative was suggested. He persuaded many wavering peers to support the government.

2411:

prime ministers. Halifax wrote in his memoirs of an occasion during a short holiday in

2400: 2227: 2138:

anything to stop it". Although he disliked the Soviet regime, not least because of its

2047: 1747: 1287: 736: 2205:. He opposed the bombing of Germany, lest the Germans retaliate. Swedish intermediary 10708: 10539: 10524: 10424: 10319: 10279: 10204: 10109: 10081: 10041: 9866: 9650: 9610: 9573: 9535: 9515: 9505: 9388: 9378: 8818: 8409: 8394: 8384: 8364: 8359: 8276: 8261: 8236: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8191: 8186: 8146: 8136: 8001: 7971: 7916: 7562: 7348: 7271: 7079: 6789: 6765: 6715: 6560: 6503: 6243: 6208: 6198: 6184: 5925: 5715: 4842: 4349: 4330: 4315: 4297: 4279: 4264: 4103: 4060: 3897: 3868: 3789: 3623: 3497: 3472: 3393: 2439: 2389: 2365: 2322: 2260: 2131: 2063: 1998: 1944: 1916: 1827: 1758: 1157: 1124: 281: 128: 2259:, does not tally exactly with contemporary accounts such as Halifax's own diary and 1881: 1811: 1315:

but really made little impact on politics before 1914. He was vigorously opposed to

10728: 10642: 10519: 10489: 10469: 10444: 10434: 10374: 10284: 10229: 10224: 10114: 10036: 9861: 9816: 9801: 9725: 9700: 9670: 9433: 9373: 9059: 8953: 8883: 8792: 8692: 8652: 8544: 8534: 8494: 8399: 8389: 8379: 8374: 8349: 8311: 8301: 8296: 8096: 8041: 8021: 8016: 8006: 7961: 7946: 7931: 7891: 7856: 7402: 7049: 6942: 6731: 6620: 6570: 6493: 6483: 6443: 6433: 6116: 6106: 6096: 6002: 5986: 5940: 5910: 5735: 5720: 5567: 5545: 5179: 5040: 4966: 4810: 4527: 4488: 4383:(ed.), Illustrated World War II Encyclopedia. Volume 2. Jaspard Polus, Monaco 1966. 2877: 2798:

The Rt. Hon. The Viscount Halifax PC, HM Ambassador to the United States of America

2682: 2607: 2551: 2463: 2373: 2338: 2287: 2099: 2075: 2002: 1948: 1762: 1703: 1614: 1566: 1502: 1494: 1347: 1193: 1120: 900: 571: 525: 3567:

Roberts, Henry (1994), "Maxim Litvinov", in Craig, Gordon; Gilbert, Felix (eds.),

2808:

The Rt. Hon. The Earl of Halifax PC, HM Ambassador to the United States of America

2062:

It appears that a frank conversation with his pugnacious Permanent Secretary, Sir

10677: 10667: 10569: 10474: 10419: 10334: 10314: 10134: 10104: 10099: 10056: 10046: 10011: 10006: 9971: 9896: 9821: 9660: 9383: 9100: 9029: 9024: 8707: 8687: 8449: 8321: 8306: 8241: 8101: 7966: 7956: 7886: 7881: 7871: 7866: 7532: 7482: 7227: 6873: 6859: 6605: 6565: 5842: 5745: 5309: 5148: 4771: 4700: 4656: 4564: 4554: 4211: 4083: 3994: 3464: 3387: 3004: 2928: 2708: 2693: 2566: 2535: 2495: 2381: 2267: 2206: 2171: 2056: 1978: 1940: 1786: 1743: 1640: 1582: 1511: 1444: 1323: 1256: 787: 694: 650: 440: 242: 35: 10875:

Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

2565:

The final year of his Ambassadorship also witnessed the transition to President

2475:

Halifax set sail for the still neutral United States in January 1941. President

2376:

on 10 May 1940, the day that Churchill became prime minister. On 22–23 May, the

2230:. The government had a nominal majority of 213 in the House: at the end of the " 1947:

on 20 February, in protest at Chamberlain's wish to make further concessions to

10509: 10459: 10449: 10429: 10394: 10354: 10339: 10061: 9991: 9976: 9916: 9906: 9735: 9625: 9495: 9470: 9445: 9343: 9296: 9284: 9105: 9009: 8888: 8637: 8597: 8519: 8454: 8444: 8434: 8316: 8281: 8251: 8196: 8181: 8171: 8121: 8071: 8051: 7991: 7981: 7543: 7304: 6980: 6934: 6867: 6848: 6817: 6678: 6635: 6625: 6423: 6273: 6253: 6179: 6131: 6121: 6028: 6023: 6007: 5965: 5785: 5677: 5613: 5208: 4934: 4903: 4727: 4590: 2543: 2487: 2468: 2283: 2271: 2159: 1974: 1876:

In November 1937, Halifax visited Germany in a semi-official capacity, and met

1735: 1727: 1707: 1559: 1515: 1240: 1232: 1224: 1161: 856: 768: 4230:

The Churchill War Papers Volume I: At the Admiralty. September 1939 – May 1940

3000:"Breaking the Bullingdon Club Omertà: Secret Lives of the Men Who Run Britain" 10743: 10454: 10379: 10344: 10304: 10219: 10189: 10179: 10164: 10051: 10021: 10001: 9730: 9110: 8973: 8933: 8903: 8617: 8602: 8592: 8587: 8524: 8484: 8469: 8439: 8369: 8354: 8291: 8086: 8061: 8036: 8011: 7323: 7241: 6892: 6683: 6640: 6630: 6590: 6126: 6111: 5945: 5234: 4744: 4341: 4237:

The Churchill War Papers Volume II: Never Surrender. May 1940 – December 1940

4198: 4107: 2909: 2677: 2647: 2598:. He was an honorary Fellow of All Souls from 1934. He was Chancellor of the 2525:

Relations also increasingly turned on military issues channelled through the

2500: 2447: 2231: 2178: 2115: 1936: 1888:, to attend a hunting exhibition in Berlin, and to hunt foxes with Göring in 1626:

reply pointing out that the 1917 Montagu Declaration implied a commitment to

1141: 1919:

in 1938. Note Halifax's artificial left hand, concealed under a black glove.

1911: 10657: 10544: 10174: 10139: 10129: 10071: 9871: 9775: 9685: 9675: 9440: 9368: 9353: 9120: 9115: 8988: 8948: 8802: 8464: 8459: 8286: 8271: 8266: 8256: 8246: 7996: 6999: 6923: 6668: 6650: 6600: 6498: 6488: 6478: 6473: 6463: 6101: 6091: 6086: 6038: 5950: 5930: 5634: 4852: 4835: 4289: 2914: 2656: 2547: 2539: 2534:

to be relieved of his post, but had to stay. In May 1944, Wood was created

2531: 2310: 2023: 1994: 1877: 1858: 1846: 1834: 1699: 1586: 1581:

status for India. However, there was also violence, including the death of

1574: 1248: 1132: 323: 90: 9217: 2727: 1985:, although fewer shared his belief that France would be a resilient ally. 1952: 10264: 10144: 9836: 9615: 9363: 9254: 8968: 8958: 8797: 8509: 8176: 8106: 8076: 6688: 6645: 6585: 5935: 5199: 4754: 4683: 4560:

Lord Halifax, Our War Aims – Now and After, radio broadcast November 1939

2622: 2583: 2330: 2296: 2202: 2103: 1982: 1815: 1687:

The Government would withdraw all ordinances issued to curb the Congress.

1331: 1228: 1177: 1128: 638: 385: 4128: 1373:

then being negotiated. In the 1918–1922 Parliament, Wood was an ally of

10514: 10289: 10239: 10154: 9806: 9690: 9525: 8978: 8231: 6615: 6610: 6595: 6575: 6508: 6033: 5832: 5805: 5068: 2918: 2686: 2660: 2408: 2264: 2215: 2186: 2007: 1518:, in December 1925. He left for India on 17 March 1926, and arrived in 1342:

from November 1917 to the end of 1918. He was initially sympathetic to

1271: 1037: 1004: 2510: 10494: 10389: 10349: 10324: 10259: 9921: 9911: 9811: 7669: 7462: 7437: 6673: 5630: 4629: 4480:

Schwoerer, Lois G. "Lord Halifax's Visit To Germany: November 1937."

4373:

Schwoerer, Lois G. "Lord Halifax's Visit To Germany: November 1937."

3280:

Lois G. Schwoerer, "Lord Halifax's Visit To Germany: November 1937."

2590:

In retirement, Halifax returned to largely honorary pursuits. He was

2412: 2377: 2326: 1889: 1753:

Irwin became Master of the Middleton Hunt in 1932 and was elected as

1447:'s adoption of tariffs in December 1923, which saw the Conservatives 1432: 1239:

Wood's childhood was divided mainly between two houses in Yorkshire:

1201: 1127:

between 1938 and 1940. He was one of the architects of the policy of

904: 748: 680: 140: 5256: 4416:

The Impact of Hitler: British Politics and British Policy, 1933–1940

3968:

The Impact of Hitler: British Politics and British Policy, 1933–1940

3740:

On the 9 May meeting, see Taylor Downing, "Cometh the finest hour."

2655:. His will was valued for probate at £338,800 10s 8d (not including 1698:

viewed to have been unlawful and unfair, the Indian revolutionaries

1522:

on 1 April 1926. Irwin was honoured with the GCSI and GCIE in 1926.

1259:, known for its wealthy members, grand banquets, and bad behaviour. 9856: 9500: 9244: 6054: 2876:

Major Hon. Francis Hugh Peter Courtenay Wood (born 5 October 1916,

2702: 2640: 2119: 1627: 1578: 1498: 1244: 921: 553: 30:"Lord Halifax" redirects here. For other holders of the title, see 7177: 4503:

Edited by HHE Craster. (Oxford University Press, 1940) pp. x, 368.

2071:

and his dominance of his Cabinet was never so overwhelming again.

1435:

formed a purely Conservative government. Wood was promoted to the

10016: 4533: 4208:

Dalton, Hugh, The Fateful Years, Memoirs 1939–1945. London, 1957.

3691: 3213:"Historic Anglo-Egyptian treaty signed in London – archive, 1936" 2643:

on 23 December 1959, aged 78. His widow survived him until 1976.

2421: 2306: 2242:

with the Labour and Liberal parties, but Churchill opposed that.

2139: 1718:

Irwin returned to the UK on 3 May 1931. He was honoured with the

1555: 1165: 1160:

would be a more suitable war leader (Halifax's membership in the

3620:

Hitler's First Foreign Minister: Constantin Freiherr Von Neurath

2843:, former Governor-General of New Zealand, on 21 September 1909. 1350:, but ultimately demanded all-out victory and a punitive peace. 9540: 2606:. He was Master of the Middleton Hunt. He was President of the 1681:

The Congress would discontinue the Civil Disobedience Movement.

1529:

stoop and sympathetic kindly eyes" and gave an impression of a

1519: 1923:

Writing to Baldwin on the subject of the conversation between

1684:

The Congress would participate in the Round Table Conference.

1569:

was announced. All the leading Indian parties, including the

1385:, all ambitious younger MPs in favour of progressive reform. 1247:. He attended St David's Prep School from September 1892 and 10930:

Ministers in the Chamberlain peacetime government, 1937–1939

10890:

Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George

4360:, essay on Halifax (pp. 81–89) written by David Dutton. 4059:(107 ed.). Burke’s Peerage & Gentry. p. 1729. 2685:

said that Halifax possessed a "sweet and Christian nature."

2486:

that he had inquired about the timetable for passage of the

1660:

The First Round Table Conference in London, 12 November 1930

1227:. He was brought up in a world of religion and hunting. His 7816: 5637:

in their roles as King and Queen of Pakistan, respectively.

4160: 4133: 2170:, a former Foreign Minister and career diplomat during the 2034:, 15 September 1938 during the crisis over Czechoslovakia. 10935:

Ministers in the Chamberlain wartime government, 1939–1940

8863: 4565:

Newspaper clippings about Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax

4501:

Speeches on Foreign Policy, 1934-1989. By Viscount Halifax

2341:

said, "Chamberlain wanted Halifax. Labour wanted Halifax.

1884:

invited Halifax, in his private capacity as Master of the

1216:, of tea fame, also the prime minister who introduced the 10885:

Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India

10880:

Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire

4894:

Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry

4765:

Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry

4203:

The Fringes of Power: 10 Downing Street Diaries 1939–1955

3855:

The Order of Merit: one hundred years of matchless honour

2611: 1277: 473:

Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry

263:

Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry

10940:

Ministers in the Churchill wartime government, 1940–1945

4395:

The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5

3452:

The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5

1833:

must resign to save the government's position, causing

714:

Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies

10845:

Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies

10790:

Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the United States

9219:

Grand masters of the Order of St Michael and St George

3752: 3750: 1613:, a new Labour government took office in the UK, with 5118:

Grand Master of the Order of St Michael and St George

3141:

Birkenhead, Frederick Winston Furneaux Smith (1966).

7432: 6761: 2731:

Arms of The Rt Hon. Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax

2546:

from July 1945, Halifax agreed to Foreign Secretary

2147:

Soviets signed an agreement with the Germans instead

3747: 3088: 3086: 2867:

Lady Mary Agnes Wood (31 July 1910 – 3 August 1910)

10955:People associated with the University of Sheffield 10925:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 4977:Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon 4539:contributions in Parliament by the Earl of Halifax 4524:Works by or about Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax 4244:The Second World War: Europe and the Mediterranean 2871:Charles Ingram Courtenay Wood, 2nd Earl of Halifax 2429: 2145:The negotiations (in summer 1939) failed, and the 1765:on the death of his 94-year-old father. He helped 1353:Wood was unopposed in the UK general elections of 1262:From November 1903 until 1910, he was a Fellow of 1196:in Devon at the home of his maternal grandfather, 1135:in 1936–1938, working closely with Prime Minister 1107:(16 April 1881 – 23 December 1959), known as 1057:Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax 599:Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon 4348:. Vol. 60. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4314:. Old Saybrook, CT: Konecky & Konecky, 1970. 4276:Rab Butler: The Best Prime Minister We Never Had? 1773:, the largest single piece of legislation of the 1664:In November 1930, King George V opened the First 10825:British Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs 10741: 9326: 8743:William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland 5101:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury 5084:William Cavendish-Bentinck, 6th Duke of Portland 3463: 3083: 2305:could not but remember the relationship between 1651: 8773:George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston 3622:. University of California Press. p. 200. 3521: 3517: 3515: 3513: 2757:: The Rt. Hon. Edward Frederick Lindley Wood MP 1672:The fortnight-long discussions resulted in the 1589:in December 1928. Other responses included the 10815:British royalty and nobility with disabilities 3595: 2471:at a garden party in Washington, D.C., in 1942 2353: 2221: 10945:National Council of Social Service presidents 9312: 9270:Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis 9203: 8849: 7802: 7418: 7163: 6747: 6162: 5660: 5272: 5128:Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis 3788:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 264–270. 3783: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3607:] (in German). Munich: List. p. 186. 3554:Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) 3363: 3361: 3254: 3176: 3174: 3172: 2325:to tender his resignation, recommending that 1713: 4439:(Phoenix, 1997 (originally published 1991)). 4057:Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood 4022:(Supplement). 24 October 1922. p. 7527. 3931:(London: Mills & Boon, 1924), pp. 47–48. 3894:"Compute the Relative Value of a U.K. Pound" 3879: 3877: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3510: 3422:"No more Munichs! What the media won't tell" 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 2514:Lord Halifax in the middle (behind a seated 294:21 February 1938 – 22 December 1940 229:22 November 1935 – 21 February 1938 10780:Agriculture ministers of the United Kingdom 5683:Education Secretaries of the United Kingdom 5009:Archibald Clark Kerr, 1st Baron Inverchapel 4223:Finest Hour: Winston S. Churchill 1939–1941 3419: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2890:(5 October 1920 – 11 August 2002); MP from 2825:Honours of Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax 2751:: The Hon. Edward Frederick Lindley Wood MP 2639:He died of a heart attack at his estate at 2571:Archibald Clark Kerr, 1st Baron Inverchapel 1585:in November 1928 and the revenge attack of 1403: 1187: 846:10 February 1910 – 5 December 1925 793:5 December 1925 – 23 December 1959 165:Archibald Clark Kerr, 1st Baron Inverchapel 10895:Knights of Justice of the Order of St John 10820:British Secretaries of State for Education 9827:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association 9319: 9305: 9210: 9196: 8856: 8842: 8783:Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon 7809: 7795: 7425: 7411: 7170: 7156: 6754: 6740: 6169: 6155: 5667: 5653: 5279: 5265: 5024:Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon 3140: 1204:family, the sixth child and fourth son of 670:24 October 1922 – 22 January 1924 618:6 November 1924 – 4 November 1925 514:Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon 184:3 October 1940 – 22 December 1940 89: 9135:Knights and Ladies Companion (since 1937) 6185:Foreign Secretaries of the United Kingdom 4637:Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies 4468:Earl of Halifax: The Life of Lord Halifax 4368:The 'Holy Fox': The Life of Lord Halifax. 3970:(Cambridge University Press, 1975), p. 9. 3874: 3645: 3583:Records of the Cabinet Office, CAB 27/625 3571:, Princeton University Press, p. 376 3338: 3231: 3149: 3106: 1565:In November 1927, the composition of the 957: 10870:Foreign Office personnel of World War II 9260:Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone 8758:Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby 8753:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington 4960:Victor Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of Lytton 4032: 4012: 3617: 3494:1939: The Making of the Second World War 3471:. London: Hamish Hamilton. p. 336. 3092: 3059: 3019: 2957: 2888:Richard Frederick Wood, Baron Holderness 2860:(31 July 1910 – 25 March 1995); married 2745:: The Hon. Edward Frederick Lindley Wood 2726: 2594:. He was an active governor of Eton and 2509: 2462: 2093: 2018: 2001:opposed rearmament until well after the 1927:(the League of Nations' Commissioner of 1910: 1805: 1761:in 1933. In 1934 he inherited the title 1655: 1473: 10970:Queen's Own Yorkshire Dragoons officers 10840:Chancellors of the University of Oxford 8763:Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury 7819:Chancellors of the University of Oxford 6992:Minister of Labour and National Service 6973:Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs 4999:British Ambassador to the United States 4782:Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr 4340: 3957:(London: Hamish Hamilton, 1971), p. 77. 3566: 3385: 3261: 2880:26 October 1942 while serving with the 2862:Charles Duncombe, 3rd Earl of Feversham 2616:Order of Saint Michael and Saint George 2614:. From 1957 he was Grand Master of the 1746:. In June 1932, on the sudden death of 1617:Prime Minister for the second time and 1462:on 6 November 1924, Wood was appointed 1302:and held it with a reduced majority in 1182:British Ambassador to the United States 726:1 April 1921 – 24 October 1922 484:Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr 453:22 November 1935 – 28 May 1937 353:7 June 1935 – 22 November 1935 106:British Ambassador to the United States 14: 10835:Chancellors of the Order of the Garter 10742: 9235:The Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge 8865:Chancellors of the Order of the Garter 8793:Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton 8748:William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville 7272:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 6192:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 5031:Chancellor of the University of Oxford 4514:Works by Charles, Lord Halifax Lindley 4437:The Holy Fox: The Life of Lord Halifax 4051: 4049: 3990:"Making history with brick and mortar" 3852: 3389:The Holy Fox: The Life of Lord Halifax 3320:"Britain to increase spending on arms" 3298:The Holy Fox. The Life of Lord Halifax 2830: 2788:: The Rt. Hon. The Viscount Halifax PC 1845:also to come out for his resignation. 1278:Early political career and war service 1036:Halifax giving a speech in support of 491:Chancellor of the University of Oxford 282:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 118:23 December 1940 – 1 May 1946 10810:British politicians with disabilities 10805:British Army personnel of World War I 9300: 9191: 8837: 8798:Roy Jenkins, Lord Jenkins of Hillhead 8698:William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset 8673:William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset 8663:William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke 8658:Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley 8576: 8338: 7830: 7790: 7700:Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries 7406: 7360:Minister for Co-ordination of Defence 7151: 6735: 6708:Category:British Secretaries of State 6150: 5648: 5286: 5260: 5091:Chancellor of the Order of the Garter 5051:Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood 4992:Philip Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian 4924:Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount Caldecote 4863:Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount Caldecote 4691:Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries 4449:Campbell-Johnson, Alan, and R. Hale. 3526:. Woodland Publications. p. 372. 3491: 3420:Ben-Villada, Gene H. (1 April 1988). 3292: 3290: 2997: 2898: 2814:: The Rt. Hon. The Earl of Halifax PC 2775:Viceroy and Governor-General of India 2592:Chancellor of the Order of the Garter 2046:in March 1938 made Halifax keener on 1198:William Courtenay, 11th Earl of Devon 606:Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries 545:3 April 1926 – 18 April 1931 533:Viceroy and Governor-General of India 205:Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount Caldecote 153:Philip Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian 10865:Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford 8768:George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen 8678:Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke 8668:Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke 8648:Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset 8633:Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester 8623:Henry Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel 7506:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 6662:Commonwealth and Development Affairs 5699:Presidents of the Board of Education 3857:. London: I. B. Tauris. p. 375. 2562:, which was finalised in July 1946. 1958: 1801: 1604: 1326:, Wood was already a captain in the 8803:Chris Patten, Lord Patten of Barnes 7719:President of the Board of Education 7586:Secretary of State for the Colonies 6064:Innovation, Universities and Skills 4827:Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham 4738:Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham 4718:President of the Board of Education 4664:President of the Board of Education 4418:(Cambridge University Press, 1975). 4046: 3998:. 15 September 2011. Archived from 3454:(London: Allen Lane, 2009), p. 208. 1541: 1469: 1441:President of the Board of Education 1147:German occupation of Czechoslovakia 1115:from 1934 until 1944, was a senior 658:President of the Board of Education 435:Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham 405:28 May 1937 – 9 March 1938 374:Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham 24: 9283: 9255:The Prince Edward, Prince of Wales 9245:The Prince George, Prince of Wales 8728:John Fane, 7th Earl of Westmorland 8703:Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon 5229:Charles Wood, 2nd Viscount Halifax 5173:Charles Wood, 2nd Viscount Halifax 4494: 4443: 3944:(London: Macmillan, 1966), p. 531. 3287: 3202:(London: Macmillan, 1970), p. 275. 2841:William Onslow, 4th Earl of Onslow 2837:Lady Dorothy Evelyn Augusta Onslow 2755:25 October 1922 – 22 December 1925 2749:10 February 1910 – 25 October 1922 2317:The Labour leaders telephoned at 5 2106:at the Opera of Rome, January 1939 1726:in 1943). In 1931 he declined the 1424:and wrote a report for Churchill. 1206:Charles Wood, 2nd Viscount Halifax 1192:Wood was born on 16 April 1881 at 1180:. From 1941 to 1946, he served as 990:Charles Wood, 2nd Viscount Halifax 707:Sir Charles Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet 25: 18:E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax 11036: 10975:Secretaries of State for War (UK) 8733:George Lee, 3rd Earl of Lichfield 8723:Charles Butler, 1st Earl of Arran 8718:James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde 5546:The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma 5249:Charles Wood, 2nd Earl of Halifax 5163:Charles Wood, 2nd Earl of Halifax 4914:James Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope 4801:James Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope 4507: 4404:(London: Mills & Boon, 1924). 3556:. Vol. 1. 1939. p. 294. 3143:Halifax: The Life of Lord Halifax 3102:. 25 December 1925. p. 8567. 2846:They had five children together: 2604:High Steward of Westminster Abbey 2438:Deputy Prime Minister, living at 1971:isolationist sentiment in America 1863:remilitarization of the Rhineland 1796: 1742:. He was still a firm protégé of 973:Charles Wood, 2nd Earl of Halifax 822:Charles Wood, 2nd Earl of Halifax 587:Rufus Isaacs, 1st Earl of Reading 11010:UK MPs who were granted peerages 9521:Muslim nationalism in South Asia 9265:Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax 9240:Prince George, Duke of Cambridge 8998:Bishops of Salisbury (1671–1837) 8912: 8872:Bishops of Salisbury (1477–1550) 8817: 8788:Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax 8713:James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond 8577: 7472: 7217: 6799: 6714: 6703: 6702: 6537: 6178: 5814: 5676: 5474:The Marquess of Dufferin and Ava 5408: 5403: 5398: 4931:Leader of the Conservative Party 4900:Leader of the Conservative Party 4582:Parliament of the United Kingdom 4411:(London: Hamish Hamilton, 1971). 4346:Dictionary of National Biography 3386:Roberts, Andrew (1 April 2024). 3271:(London: Collins, 1957), p. 185. 3145:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 270. 2873:(3 October 1912 – 19 March 1980) 2782:: The Rt. Hon. The Lord Irwin PC 2773:The Rt. Hon. The Lord Irwin PC, 2763:: The Rt. Hon. The Lord Irwin PC 2743:8 August 1885 – 10 February 1910 2632:Dictionary of National Biography 1418:Under-Secretary for the Colonies 1026: 10960:People educated at Eton College 10785:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford 9761:Provisional Government of India 7681:President of the Board of Trade 7643:Secretary of State for Scotland 6954:Minister of Aircraft Production 6660:Secretary of State for Foreign, 4312:History of the Second World War 4178: 4148: 4121: 4088: 4077:Christ Church Oxford, Biography 4070: 4026: 4006: 3982: 3973: 3960: 3947: 3934: 3921: 3912: 3886: 3861: 3846: 3833: 3824: 3810:"Churchill decides to fight on" 3802: 3777: 3768: 3759: 3734: 3725: 3716: 3707: 3692:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 3679: 3636: 3611: 3589: 3575: 3560: 3546: 3530: 3485: 3457: 3444: 3413: 3379: 3370: 3312: 3303: 3274: 3205: 3192: 3183: 3134: 2786:19 January 1934 – December 1940 2780:18 April 1931 – 19 January 1934 2761:22 December 1925 – 3 April 1926 2739:: Edward Frederick Lindley Wood 2596:Chancellor of Oxford University 2430:Ambassador to the United States 2360:1940 British war cabinet crisis 2191:Britain declared war on Germany 2183:Parliamentary Private Secretary 2089: 1854:. In general they got on well. 1408:In May 1920, Wood accepted the 1348:proposal for a compromise peace 1168:, Halifax favoured approaching 953: 10910:Lord Presidents of the Council 9177:The Baroness Manningham-Buller 8778:George Cave, 1st Viscount Cave 7455:Leader of the House of Commons 7200:Leader of the House of Commons 6547:Secretary of State for Foreign 6048:Children, Schools and Families 5504:The Lord Hardinge of Penshurst 3522:Holroyd-Doveton, John (2013). 3496:. Andre Deutsch. p. 156. 3050: 3041: 2991: 2982: 2973: 2903:Lord Halifax was portrayed in 2667: 2467:Halifax and Soviet ambassador 2026:greets British Prime Minister 1973:. For many, especially in the 1641:campaign of civil disobedience 1328:Queen's Own Yorkshire Dragoons 1145:on 9–10 November 1938 and the 977:Richard Wood, Baron Holderness 27:British politician (1881–1959) 13: 1: 10920:Members of the Order of Merit 10905:Leaders of the House of Lords 9084:Bishops of Oxford (1837–1937) 8339: 7831: 7502:Lord President of the Council 7011:Minister Resident Middle East 6829:Lord President of the Council 5568:The Earl Mountbatten of Burma 5136:Peerage of the United Kingdom 4945:George Lloyd, 1st Baron Lloyd 4880:George Lloyd, 1st Baron Lloyd 4818:Lord President of the Council 4451:Viscount Halifax: A Biography 4423:A Life of Neville Chamberlain 4387: 4327:Five Days in London: May 1940 4261:RAB: The Life of R. A. Butler 4055:Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). 4042:. 5 March 1926. p. 1667. 3200:A Life of Neville Chamberlain 2737:16 April 1881 – 8 August 1885 2576: 2542:. With Labour in power under 2196: 2185:to Halifax's junior minister 1880:. The visit came about after 1871:Lord President of the Council 1852:Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 1652:Agreement with Mahatma Gandhi 888:Edward Frederick Lindley Wood 393:Lord President of the Council 217:George Lloyd, 1st Baron Lloyd 10370:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari 9646:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922 9328:Indian independence movement 7746:Sir Anderson Montague-Barlow 7624:Secretary of State for India 7567:Leader of the House of Lords 5574:Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari 5492:The Lord Curzon of Kedleston 4870:Leader of the House of Lords 4791:Leader of the House of Lords 4458:International History Review 4400:A Gentleman with a Duster , 4246:. West Point, New York 2002. 3927:A Gentleman with a Duster , 2767:3 April 1926 – 18 April 1931 2674:could not pronounce his "r"s 2293:National Executive Committee 2228:military situation in Norway 1791:Leader of the House of Lords 1771:Government of India Act 1935 1548:Government of India Act 1919 1491:Secretary of State for India 1458:When the Conservatives were 1340:Ministry of National Service 172:Leader of the House of Lords 7: 10560:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya 9947:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty 9275:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent 9162:The Marquess of Abergavenny 8922:Lay chancellors (1551–1671) 8824:University of Oxford portal 8738:Frederick North, Lord North 7662:First Lord of the Admiralty 7525:Chancellor of the Exchequer 7341:First Lord of the Admiralty 7253:Chancellor of the Exchequer 6885:Chancellor of the Exchequer 5221:Baronetage of Great Britain 4569:20th Century Press Archives 4551:, spartacus-educational.com 4397:(London: Allen Lane, 2009). 4278:, Biteback Publishing 2015 3524:Maxim Litvinov: A Biography 3469:Lloyd George: Twelve Essays 2934: 2894:, holding office from 1955. 2386:British Expeditionary Force 2354:May 1940 war cabinet crisis 2236:First Lord of the Admiralty 2222:Churchill as Prime Minister 2212:First Lord of the Admiralty 1963: 1818:, Germany, 20 November 1937 1501:. His paternal grandfather 1214:Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey 1174:a series of stormy meetings 1022:The Earl of Halifax's voice 804:Created Baron Irwin in 1925 10: 11041: 10950:Opposition to World War II 10855:Earls created by George VI 10795:Barons created by George V 10775:1940 in the United Kingdom 10295:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi 9847:Indian Independence League 9564:Partition of Bengal (1947) 9559:Partition of Bengal (1905) 7605:Secretary of State for War 7470: 7379:Minister without Portfolio 7316:Secretary of State for Air 7291:Secretary of State for War 7061:Minister of Reconstruction 7042:Minister without Portfolio 6797: 5534:The Marquess of Linlithgow 4425:(London: Macmillan, 1970). 3722:Roberts 1991, pp. 275–277. 3618:Heineman, John L. (1979). 2998:Mutch, Tom (7 July 2020). 2818: 2357: 2253:, the first volume of his 1779:Secretary of State for War 1714:British politics 1931–1935 1552:Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms 1497:at the suggestion of King 1493:, offered Wood the job of 1453:minority Labour government 1282:Wood had not stood in the 341:Secretary of State for War 29: 11025:Younger sons of viscounts 10830:British Yeomanry officers 10686: 10585: 10470:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi 10270:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi 10090: 9967:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar 9887: 9842:Indian Home Rule movement 9784: 9681:Fourteen Points of Jinnah 9621:Jallianwala Bagh massacre 9549: 9486: 9334: 9281: 9225: 9152:The Marquess of Salisbury 9134: 9083: 8997: 8921: 8910: 8871: 8815: 8583: 8572: 8345: 8334: 7837: 7826: 7755: 7736: 7717: 7698: 7679: 7660: 7641: 7622: 7603: 7584: 7561: 7542: 7523: 7500: 7481: 7449: 7445: 7377: 7358: 7339: 7314: 7289: 7270: 7251: 7226: 7215: 7194: 7190: 7116: 7097: 7078: 7059: 7040: 7009: 6990: 6971: 6952: 6933: 6908: 6883: 6858: 6827: 6808: 6776: 6772: 6697: 6659: 6546: 6535: 6191: 6079: 6063: 6047: 6016: 5995: 5974: 5893: 5886: 5823: 5812: 5698: 5689: 5629:. As representatives of 5623: 5583: 5555: 5480:The Marquess of Lansdowne 5418: 5395: 5382:The Marquess of Dalhousie 5294: 5245: 5232: 5226: 5219: 5197: 5192: 5177: 5169: 5159: 5146: 5141: 5134: 5124: 5115: 5107: 5097: 5088: 5080: 5075: 5065: 5055: 5047: 5037: 5028: 5020: 5015: 5005: 4996: 4988: 4983: 4973: 4964: 4956: 4951: 4941: 4928: 4920: 4910: 4897: 4891: 4886: 4876: 4867: 4859: 4849: 4840: 4832: 4824: 4815: 4807: 4797: 4788: 4778: 4769: 4761: 4751: 4742: 4734: 4724: 4715: 4707: 4697: 4688: 4680: 4670: 4661: 4653: 4643: 4634: 4626: 4621: 4611: 4597:Member of Parliament for 4595: 4587: 4580: 3409:– via Google Books. 3392:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2839:(1885–1976), daughter of 2722: 2401:the Papal Nuncio in Berne 2014: 1398:Irish War of Independence 1264:All Souls College, Oxford 1123:from 1926 to 1931 and of 1111:from 1925 until 1934 and 1050: 1015: 1003: 982: 967: 938: 928: 911: 883: 878: 874: 862: 850: 839: 827: 815: 797: 783: 774: 766: 754: 742: 730: 719: 712: 700: 688: 674: 663: 656: 644: 632: 622: 611: 604: 592: 580: 559: 549: 538: 531: 519: 507: 496: 489: 477: 467: 457: 446: 439: 429: 419: 409: 398: 391: 379: 367: 357: 346: 339: 329: 317: 298: 287: 280: 268: 256: 233: 222: 210: 198: 188: 177: 170: 158: 146: 134: 122: 111: 104: 100: 88: 45: 10965:Politics of World War II 10709:Indian annexation of Goa 10555:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 10067:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 9832:Indian National Congress 9631:Non-cooperation movement 7765:Arthur Griffith-Boscawen 7689:Sir Phillip Lloyd-Greame 6549:and Commonwealth Affairs 5996:Education and Employment 5692:Department for Education 5584:Governors General after 5556:Governors General after 5370:The Earl of Ellenborough 5346:The Marquess of Hastings 4887:Party political offices 4475:Diplomacy and Statecraft 4432:(London: Collins, 1957). 4329:. Yale University, 1999 4242:Gries, Thomas E. (ed.), 3979:Matthew 2004, pp. 85–88. 3853:Martin, Stanley (2007). 3569:The Diplomats, 1919-1939 3300:(Phoenix, 1997), p. 282. 3189:Roberts 1991, pp. 78–79. 3056:Roberts 1991, pp. 11–12. 2951: 2850:Lady Anne Dorothy Wood, 1997:to play their part (the 1571:Indian National Congress 1478:Statue of Lord Irwin at 1464:Minister for Agriculture 1404:Early ministerial career 1284:1906 UK general election 1218:Great Reform Act of 1832 1188:Early life and education 10800:British Anglo-Catholics 10714:Indian Independence Act 10300:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan 10275:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta 10245:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao 9982:Kandukuri Veeresalingam 9962:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai 9797:All-India Muslim League 9751:Royal Air Force strikes 9716:Round table conferences 9706:Chittagong armoury raid 9596:Hindu–German Conspiracy 9579:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy 9349:Porto Grande de Bengala 8027:Walter de Wetheringsete 5334:The Marquess Cornwallis 5059:University of Sheffield 4409:The Art of the Possible 4235:Gilbert, Martin (ed.), 4228:Gilbert, Martin (ed.), 4191:Churchill, Winston S., 4184:Churchill, Winston S., 3955:The Art of the Possible 3539:FRUS, Volume I, General 2600:University of Sheffield 1724:chancellor of the order 1577:(May 1928), advocating 1336:mentioned in despatches 1268:Ludovic Heathcoat-Amory 10765:1930s in British India 10760:1920s in British India 10500:Syama Prasad Mukherjee 10405:Purushottam Das Tandon 9771:Praja Mandala movement 9585:The Indian Sociologist 9288: 8944:Sir Francis Walsingham 8152:William de Hawkesworth 7937:Eustace de Normanville 7594:The Duke of Devonshire 7118:Minister of Production 5825:Ministers of Education 5602:Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin 5528:The Earl of Willingdon 5456:The Earl of Northbrook 5328:The Marquess Wellesley 3492:Aster, Sidney (1973). 2864:, on 14 December 1936. 2732: 2522: 2472: 2427: 2315: 2168:Konstantin von Neurath 2134:and "decided we can't 2107: 2039: 2036:Joachim von Ribbentrop 1920: 1819: 1769:draft what became the 1666:Round Table Conference 1661: 1482: 1480:Coronation Park, Delhi 1439:on 24 October 1922 as 1394:Lloyd George coalition 1317:Welsh Disestablishment 1243:, near Doncaster, and 1041:Recorded 11 March 1944 10900:Knights of the Garter 10724:Political integration 10465:Shyamji Krishna Varma 10250:Gopal Krishna Gokhale 10195:Bhupendra Kumar Datta 10027:Rettamalai Srinivasan 9987:Mahadev Govind Ranade 9792:All India Kisan Sabha 9756:Coup d'état of Yanaon 9656:Qissa Khwani massacre 9641:Coolie-Begar movement 9456:Second Anglo-Sikh War 9287: 8227:William de Remmyngton 8222:William de Heytisbury 8142:William de Bergeveney 8067:Richard de Nottingham 7977:William de Kingescote 7877:Richard of Chichester 6810:Deputy Prime Minister 6720:Portal:United Kingdom 5894:Education and Science 5468:The Marquess of Ripon 5376:The Viscount Hardinge 5358:Lord William Bentinck 4484:32#3 (1970): 353–375. 4428:The Earl of Halifax, 4402:The Conservative Mind 4377:32.3 (1970): 353–375. 4296:. London: Pan, 2002. 4263:, Jonathan Cape 1987 3929:The Conservative Mind 3774:Roberts 1991, p. 277. 3765:Roberts 1991, p. 279. 3756:Jenkins 2002, p. 586. 3731:Jenkins 2002, p. 583. 3713:Jenkins 2002, p. 582. 3597:von Weizsäcker, Ernst 3284:32#3 (1970): 353–375. 3267:The Earl of Halifax, 2730: 2629:was described in the 2527:Joint Chiefs of Staff 2518:) as a member of the 2516:Franklin D. Roosevelt 2513: 2477:Franklin D. Roosevelt 2466: 2417: 2302: 2193:on 3 September 1939. 2098:Neville Chamberlain, 2097: 2044:annexation of Austria 2022: 1925:Carl Jacob Burckhardt 1914: 1809: 1740:University of Toronto 1659: 1619:William Wedgwood Benn 1550:had incorporated the 1477: 1253:Christ Church, Oxford 1236:reins or open gates. 1200:. He was born into a 1010:Christ Church, Oxford 10550:Veeran Sundaralingam 10505:Tara Rani Srivastava 10440:Sahajanand Saraswati 10330:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi 10215:Chandra Shekhar Azad 10120:Alluri Sitarama Raju 10077:Vitthal Ramji Shinde 10032:Sahajanand Saraswati 9952:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar 9852:Indian National Army 9696:Dharasana Satyagraha 9601:Champaran Satyagraha 9451:First Anglo-Sikh War 9172:The Duke of Abercorn 9142:The Duke of Portland 8162:Humphrey de Cherlton 8082:William de Alburwyke 7907:Richard de S. Agatha 7897:Ralph de Sempringham 6017:Education and Skills 5887:Secretaries of State 5388:The Viscount Canning 5364:The Earl of Auckland 4393:Christopher Andrew, 3918:Roberts 1991, p. 14. 3883:Matthew 2004, p. 89. 3687:"Conduct of the War" 3676:Matthew 2004, p. 87. 3542:. 1939. p. 294. 3450:Christopher Andrew, 3367:Matthew 2004, p. 86. 3258:Matthew 2004, p. 88. 3180:Matthew 2004, p. 85. 3131:Matthew 2004, p. 84. 3080:Matthew 2004, p. 83. 3047:Roberts 1991, p. 11. 3038:Matthew 2004, p. 82. 2979:Roberts 1991, p. 10. 2970:Matthew 2004, p. 81. 2907:'s blockbuster film 2905:Richard Attenborough 2882:Royal Armoured Corps 2792:December 1940 – 1944 2715:is named after him. 2256:The Second World War 2240:coalition government 2164:Ernst von Weizsäcker 2068:Godesberg Memorandum 2038:stands on the right. 2030:on the steps of the 1775:1931–1935 government 1531:Prince of the Church 1429:Carlton Club meeting 1410:Governor-Generalship 1371:Treaty of Versailles 1308:Member of Parliament 1210:English Church Union 1117:British Conservative 1113:the Viscount Halifax 995:Lady Agnes Courtenay 829:Member of Parliament 48:The Right Honourable 10535:V. K. Krishna Menon 10480:Subhas Chandra Bose 10365:Muhammad Ali Jinnah 10360:Mohammad Ali Jauhar 10255:Govind Ballabh Pant 10235:Dayananda Saraswati 10160:Bal Gangadhar Tilak 9957:Gopal Hari Deshmukh 9937:Dhondo Keshav Karve 9932:Dayananda Saraswati 9927:Bal Gangadhar Tilak 9902:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer 9415:Anglo-Maratha Wars 9230:Sir Thomas Maitland 9167:The Lord Carrington 9157:The Viscount Cobham 9147:The Earl of Halifax 9045:Robert Hay Drummond 8157:William de Palmorna 8117:Robert de Stratford 8092:Ralph of Shrewsbury 7952:William de Montfort 7912:Thomas de Cantilupe 7902:William de Lodelawe 7771:Neville Chamberlain 7299:Leslie Hore-Belisha 7208:Neville Chamberlain 7183:Neville Chamberlain 6874:Sir Stafford Cripps 6837:Neville Chamberlain 6782:Minister of Defence 5596:Muhammad Ali Jinnah 5540:The Viscount Wavell 5516:The Earl of Reading 5510:The Lord Chelmsford 5322:The Lord Teignmouth 5316:The Earl Cornwallis 5111:The Earl of Athlone 4952:Government offices 4647:William Ormsby-Gore 4477:11.3 (2000): 81–90. 4460:31.1 (2009): 24–44. 4308:Liddell-Hart, B. H. 4193:The Gathering Storm 4102:. 3 November 1942. 4002:on 5 December 2012. 3642:Howard 1987, p. 96. 2988:Roberts 1991, p. 9. 2921:, in the 2017 film 2831:Marriage and family 2560:Anglo-American loan 2556:John Maynard Keynes 2520:Pacific War Council 2444:Marquess of Lothian 2251:The Gathering Storm 2028:Neville Chamberlain 1867:Neville Chamberlain 1839:William Ormsby-Gore 1732:National Government 1720:Order of the Garter 1595:Muhammad Ali Jinnah 1449:lose their majority 1422:British West Indies 1379:Philip Lloyd-Greame 1313:Parliament Act 1911 1137:Neville Chamberlain 945:Lady Dorothy Onslow 761:William Ormsby-Gore 415:Neville Chamberlain 307:Neville Chamberlain 248:Neville Chamberlain 52:The Earl of Halifax 32:Marquess of Halifax 10719:Partition of India 10565:Yashwantrao Holkar 10530:V. O. Chidamabaram 10485:Subramania Bharati 10415:Rahul Sankrityayan 10400:Pritilata Waddedar 10310:Shri Krishna Singh 10210:C. Rajagopalachari 10200:Bidhan Chandra Roy 10185:Bhavabhushan Mitra 10170:Begum Hazrat Mahal 10125:Annapurna Maharana 9997:Muthulakshmi Reddy 9942:G. Subramania Iyer 9636:Christmas Day Plot 9511:Indian nationalism 9461:Sannyasi rebellion 9359:East India Company 9289: 9096:Samuel Wilberforce 8643:Christopher Hatton 8132:William de Skelton 8112:Hugh de Willoughby 8057:Henry de Maunsfeld 8047:Henry de Maunsfeld 8032:Simon de Faversham 7942:John de Pontissara 7922:Nicholas de Ewelme 7852:Ralph de Maidstone 7842:Robert Grosseteste 7757:Minister of Health 7738:Minister of Labour 7708:Sir Robert Sanders 7099:Minister of Supply 5462:The Earl of Lytton 5420:British Government 5057:Chancellor of the 4711:Sir Donald Maclean 4622:Political offices 4464:Earl of Birkenhead 4100:The New York Times 4082:2012-12-24 at the 4039:The London Gazette 4019:The London Gazette 3940:Harold Macmillan, 3744:60.5 (2010): 25ff. 3376:Jago 2015, p. 106. 3099:The London Gazette 2941:List of covers of 2899:In popular culture 2733: 2717:Lady Irwin College 2713:University of York 2653:Leeds City Council 2523: 2473: 2112:National Coalition 2108: 2048:British rearmament 2040: 1921: 1820: 1810:Lord Halifax with 1748:Sir Donald Maclean 1738:, to speak at the 1662: 1483: 1451:and give way to a 1388:In 1918, Wood and 810:'s titles in 1934) 737:David Lloyd George 11015:Viceroys of India 10737: 10736: 10704:Republic of India 10540:Vallabhbhai Patel 10525:Ubaidullah Sindhi 10425:Ram Prasad Bismil 10320:M. Bhaktavatsalam 10280:Jatindra Nath Das 10205:Bipin Chandra Pal 10140:Babu Kunwar Singh 10110:Achyut Patwardhan 9867:Khudai Khidmatgar 9711:Gandhi–Irwin Pact 9651:Kakori conspiracy 9611:Rowlatt Committee 9574:Direct Action Day 9536:Swadeshi movement 9516:Khilafat Movement 9506:Hindu nationalism 9466:Rebellion of 1857 9389:Anglo-Mysore Wars 9379:Battle of Plassey 9294: 9293: 9185: 9184: 8974:Sir Francis Crane 8934:Sir William Petre 8929:Sir William Cecil 8879:Richard Beauchamp 8831: 8830: 8811: 8810: 8568: 8567: 8410:Richard Snetisham 8395:Richard Courtenay 8385:Richard Courtenay 8365:Richard Ullerston 8360:Richard Courtenay 8330: 8329: 8277:Thomas Brightwell 8262:Nicholas Hereford 8237:Adam de Toneworth 8217:Adam de Toneworth 8212:William Courtenay 8207:Adam de Toneworth 8202:John de Echingham 8192:Nicholas de Aston 8187:Richard FitzRalph 8147:John de Northwode 8137:Walter de Scauren 8002:Roger de Martival 7972:Robert Winchelsey 7917:Henry de Cicestre 7784: 7783: 7780: 7779: 7563:Foreign Secretary 7552:William Bridgeman 7400: 7399: 7396: 7395: 7349:Winston Churchill 7324:Sir Kingsley Wood 7242:Sir Kingsley Wood 7145: 7144: 7141: 7140: 7080:Minister of State 6910:Foreign Secretary 6899:Sir John Anderson 6893:Sir Kingsley Wood 6843:Sir John Anderson 6790:Winston Churchill 6766:Winston Churchill 6729: 6728: 6144: 6143: 6140: 6139: 5642: 5641: 5627:1857 Sepoy Mutiny 5498:The Earl of Minto 5494:(1899–1905) 5486:The Earl of Elgin 5444:The Lord Lawrence 5438:The Earl of Elgin 5424:(1858–1947) 5340:The Earl of Minto 5330:(1798–1805) 5302:(1773–1858) 5288:Viceroys of India 5255: 5254: 5246:Succeeded by 5204:1925–1959 5160:Succeeded by 5125:Succeeded by 5098:Succeeded by 5066:Succeeded by 5038:Succeeded by 5016:Academic offices 5006:Succeeded by 4984:Diplomatic posts 4974:Succeeded by 4942:Succeeded by 4911:Succeeded by 4877:Succeeded by 4850:Succeeded by 4843:Foreign Secretary 4825:Succeeded by 4798:Succeeded by 4779:Succeeded by 4752:Succeeded by 4725:Succeeded by 4698:Succeeded by 4674:Charles Trevelyan 4671:Succeeded by 4644:Succeeded by 4612:Succeeded by 4470:. Hamilton, 1965. 4414:Maurice Cowling, 4355:978-0-19-861411-1 4320:978-1-56852-627-0 4284:978-1-84954-920-2 4269:978-0-224-01862-3 4253:. New York, 1957. 4221:Gilbert, Martin, 4218:. New York, 1991. 4216:Churchill: A Life 4205:. New York, 1985. 4188:. New York, 1949. 4186:Their Finest Hour 3966:Maurice Cowling, 3869:Leeds City Museum 3629:978-0-520-03442-6 3503:978-0-233-96369-3 3440:– via Gale. 3399:978-1-78185-696-3 3309:Jago 2015, p. 85. 2646:Halifax had sold 2440:11 Downing Street 2323:Buckingham Palace 2261:Alexander Cadogan 2152:chargé d'affaires 2132:Alexander Cadogan 2064:Alexander Cadogan 1959:Foreign Secretary 1945:Foreign Secretary 1917:Winston Churchill 1828:Foreign Secretary 1802:Colleague of Eden 1785:, Halifax became 1759:Oxford University 1674:Gandhi–Irwin Pact 1605:Irwin Declaration 1485:In October 1925, 1460:returned to power 1158:Winston Churchill 1125:Foreign Secretary 1054: 1053: 1031: 310:Winston Churchill 275:The Earl Stanhope 194:Winston Churchill 129:Winston Churchill 16:(Redirected from 11032: 11005:UK MPs 1924–1929 11000:UK MPs 1923–1924 10995:UK MPs 1922–1923 10990:UK MPs 1918–1922 10985:UK MPs 1910–1918 10915:Lords Privy Seal 10860:Earls of Halifax 10850:Diplomatic peers 10770:1940 in politics 10729:Simla Conference 10520:Tiruppur Kumaran 10490:Subramaniya Siva 10445:Sangolli Rayanna 10435:Rash Behari Bose 10375:Nagnath Naikwadi 10285:Jawaharlal Nehru 10230:Dadabhai Naoroji 10225:Chittaranjan Das 10115:A. K. Fazlul Huq 10037:Savitribai Phule 9862:Khaksar movement 9817:Berlin Committee 9802:Anushilan Samiti 9766:Independence Day 9726:Aundh Experiment 9701:Vedaranyam March 9606:Kheda Satyagraha 9591:Singapore Mutiny 9374:Portuguese India 9321: 9314: 9307: 9298: 9297: 9212: 9205: 9198: 9189: 9188: 9060:Shute Barrington 8989:Sir Henry de Vic 8984:Sir James Palmer 8964:Sir John Herbert 8949:Sir Amias Paulet 8939:Sir Thomas Smith 8916: 8884:Lionel Woodville 8858: 8851: 8844: 8835: 8834: 8825: 8821: 8693:Richard Cromwell 8653:Richard Bancroft 8574: 8573: 8545:Lionel Woodville 8535:Thomas Chaundler 8515:Thomas Gascoigne 8505:Thomas Gascoigne 8495:Richard Roderham 8475:Thomas Bourchier 8400:William Sulburge 8390:William Sulburge 8380:William Sulburge 8375:Thomas Prestbury 8350:Philip Repyngdon 8336: 8335: 8312:Philip Repyngdon 8302:Robert Arlyngton 8297:Thomas Prestbury 8097:Roger de Streton 8042:William de Bosco 8022:James de Cobeham 8017:Richard de Clyve 8007:Peter de Medburn 7987:John of Monmouth 7962:William Pikerell 7947:Henry de Stanton 7932:William de Bosco 7892:Gilbert de Biham 7857:Richard Batchden 7828: 7827: 7820: 7811: 7804: 7797: 7788: 7787: 7476: 7447: 7446: 7427: 7420: 7413: 7404: 7403: 7330:Sir Samuel Hoare 7236:Sir Samuel Hoare 7221: 7192: 7191: 7172: 7165: 7158: 7149: 7148: 7132:Oliver Lyttelton 7126:Lord Beaverbrook 7107:Lord Beaverbrook 7088:Lord Beaverbrook 7050:Arthur Greenwood 7019:Oliver Lyttelton 6962:Lord Beaverbrook 6943:Herbert Morrison 6918:Viscount Halifax 6803: 6774: 6773: 6756: 6749: 6742: 6733: 6732: 6718: 6706: 6705: 6541: 6183: 6182: 6171: 6164: 6157: 6148: 6147: 5891: 5890: 5818: 5681: 5680: 5669: 5662: 5655: 5646: 5645: 5450:The Earl of Mayo 5432:The Earl Canning 5425: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5352:The Earl Amherst 5303: 5281: 5274: 5267: 5258: 5257: 5227:Preceded by 5180:Viscount Halifax 5170:Preceded by 5108:Preceded by 5081:Preceded by 5076:Honorary titles 5048:Preceded by 5041:Harold Macmillan 5021:Preceded by 4989:Preceded by 4967:Viceroy of India 4957:Preceded by 4921:Preceded by 4892:Preceded by 4860:Preceded by 4833:Preceded by 4811:Ramsay MacDonald 4808:Preceded by 4762:Preceded by 4735:Preceded by 4708:Preceded by 4681:Preceded by 4654:Preceded by 4627:Preceded by 4588:Preceded by 4578: 4577: 4528:Internet Archive 4435:Andrew Roberts, 4359: 4251:Fullness of Days 4173: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4152: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4092: 4086: 4074: 4068: 4053: 4044: 4043: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4010: 4004: 4003: 3986: 3980: 3977: 3971: 3964: 3958: 3951: 3945: 3938: 3932: 3925: 3919: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3900:on 31 March 2016 3896:. 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P. 3461: 3455: 3448: 3442: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3383: 3377: 3374: 3368: 3365: 3336: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3301: 3296:Andrew Roberts, 3294: 3285: 3278: 3272: 3265: 3259: 3256: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3219:. 27 August 2021 3209: 3203: 3196: 3190: 3187: 3181: 3178: 3147: 3146: 3138: 3132: 3129: 3104: 3103: 3090: 3081: 3078: 3057: 3054: 3048: 3045: 3039: 3036: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3012: 2995: 2989: 2986: 2980: 2977: 2971: 2968: 2945:magazine (1920s) 2878:killed in action 2859: 2835:Halifax married 2683:Harold Macmillan 2608:Pilgrims Society 2552:Fulton, Missouri 2384:, isolating the 2364:Germany invaded 2339:Lord Beaverbrook 2320: 2288:Arthur Greenwood 2281: 2248: 2100:Benito Mussolini 2076:Munich Agreement 2003:Munich Agreement 1949:Benito Mussolini 1824:Hoare–Laval Pact 1783:general election 1763:Viscount Halifax 1704:Shivaram Rajguru 1615:Ramsay MacDonald 1567:Simon Commission 1542:Simon Commission 1503:Sir Charles Wood 1495:Viceroy of India 1470:Viceroy of India 1194:Powderham Castle 1121:Viceroy of India 1106: 1101: 1094: 1087: 1080: 1073: 1066: 1033: 1032: 961: 959: 955: 918: 915:23 December 1959 901:Powderham Castle 897: 895: 879:Personal details 865: 853: 844: 818: 800: 791: 757: 745: 733: 724: 703: 691: 677: 668: 647: 635: 625: 616: 595: 583: 572:Ramsay MacDonald 562: 543: 526:Harold Macmillan 522: 510: 501: 480: 470: 460: 451: 432: 425:Ramsay MacDonald 422: 412: 403: 382: 370: 360: 351: 332: 320: 301: 292: 271: 259: 236: 227: 213: 201: 191: 182: 161: 149: 137: 125: 116: 93: 83: 43: 42: 21: 11040: 11039: 11035: 11034: 11033: 11031: 11030: 11029: 10740: 10739: 10738: 10733: 10694:Cabinet Mission 10682: 10586:British leaders 10581: 10570:Yogendra Shukla 10475:Siraj ud-Daulah 10430:Rani Lakshmibai 10420:Rajendra Prasad 10410:R. Venkataraman 10355:Mithuben Petit‎ 10335:Mahadaji Shinde 10315:Lala Lajpat Rai 10150:Bahadur Shah II 10135:Ashfaqulla Khan 10105:Accamma Cherian 10100:Abul Kalam Azad 10092: 10086: 10057:Syed Ahmad Khan 10047:Sister Nivedita 10012:Pandita Ramabai 10007:Niralamba Swami 9972:J. B. Kripalani 9897:Ashfaqulla Khan 9889: 9883: 9822:Ghadar Movement 9780: 9661:Flag Satyagraha 9569:Revolutionaries 9551: 9545: 9488: 9482: 9384:Battle of Buxar 9330: 9325: 9295: 9290: 9279: 9221: 9216: 9186: 9181: 9130: 9101:John Mackarness 9079: 9030:Thomas Sherlock 9025:Benjamin Hoadly 8993: 8969:Sir George More 8959:Sir Edward Dyer 8954:Sir John Wolley 8917: 8908: 8867: 8862: 8832: 8827: 8823: 8807: 8708:Gilbert Sheldon 8688:Oliver Cromwell 8579: 8564: 8450:Thomas Rodborne 8341: 8326: 8322:Thomas Hyndeman 8307:Thomas Hyndeman 8242:Robert Aylesham 8102:Nigel de Wavere 7967:Hervey de Saham 7957:Roger de Rowell 7887:Simon de Bovill 7882:Ralph de Heyham 7872:John de Rygater 7867:Simon de Bovill 7833: 7822: 7818: 7815: 7785: 7776: 7751: 7732: 7713: 7694: 7675: 7656: 7637: 7618: 7599: 7580: 7565: 7557: 7538: 7533:Stanley Baldwin 7519: 7504: 7496: 7483:Lord Chancellor 7477: 7468: 7453: 7441: 7431: 7401: 7392: 7373: 7354: 7335: 7310: 7285: 7266: 7247: 7228:Lord Privy Seal 7222: 7213: 7198: 7186: 7176: 7146: 7137: 7112: 7093: 7074: 7055: 7036: 7005: 6986: 6967: 6948: 6929: 6904: 6879: 6860:Lord Privy Seal 6854: 6823: 6804: 6795: 6780: 6768: 6760: 6730: 6725: 6693: 6661: 6655: 6548: 6542: 6533: 6187: 6177: 6175: 6145: 6136: 6075: 6059: 6043: 6012: 5991: 5970: 5882: 5819: 5810: 5694: 5685: 5675: 5673: 5643: 5638: 5619: 5616:(1955–56) 5610:(1951–55) 5608:Ghulam Muhammad 5604:(1948–51) 5598:(1947–48) 5587: 5579: 5576:(1948–50) 5570:(1947–48) 5559: 5551: 5542:(1943–47) 5536:(1936–43) 5530:(1931–36) 5524:(1926–31) 5518:(1921–26) 5512:(1916–21) 5506:(1910–16) 5500:(1905–10) 5488:(1894–99) 5482:(1888–94) 5476:(1884–88) 5470:(1880–84) 5464:(1876–80) 5458:(1872–76) 5452:(1869–72) 5446:(1864–69) 5440:(1862–63) 5434:(1858–62) 5423: 5422: 5414: 5413: 5393: 5390:(1856–58) 5384:(1848–56) 5378:(1844–48) 5372:(1842–44) 5366:(1836–42) 5360:(1828–35) 5354:(1823–28) 5348:(1813–23) 5342:(1807–13) 5324:(1793–98) 5318:(1786–93) 5312:(1774–85) 5310:Warren Hastings 5301: 5300: 5297: 5290: 5285: 5251: 5242: 5238: 5230: 5212: 5205: 5203: 5187: 5183: 5175: 5165: 5156: 5152: 5149:Earl of Halifax 5130: 5121: 5113: 5103: 5094: 5086: 5071: 5062: 5053: 5043: 5034: 5026: 5011: 5002: 4994: 4979: 4970: 4962: 4947: 4938: 4926: 4916: 4907: 4895: 4882: 4873: 4865: 4855: 4846: 4838: 4828: 4821: 4813: 4803: 4794: 4784: 4775: 4772:Lord Privy Seal 4767: 4757: 4748: 4740: 4730: 4721: 4713: 4703: 4701:Walter Guinness 4694: 4686: 4676: 4667: 4659: 4657:H. A. L. Fisher 4649: 4640: 4632: 4617: 4602: 4593: 4510: 4497: 4495:Primary sources 4446: 4444:Further reading 4430:Fulness of Days 4421:Keith Feiling, 4390: 4364:Roberts, Andrew 4356: 4274:Jago, Michael, 4257:Howard, Anthony 4249:Halifax, Lord, 4232:. London, 1993. 4225:. London, 1983. 4212:Gilbert, Martin 4195:. Boston, 1948. 4181: 4176: 4166: 4164: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4139: 4137: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4112: 4110: 4094: 4093: 4089: 4084:Wayback Machine 4075: 4071: 4054: 4047: 4031: 4027: 4011: 4007: 3995:Hindustan Times 3988: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3974: 3965: 3961: 3952: 3948: 3942:Winds of Change 3939: 3935: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3875: 3866: 3862: 3851: 3847: 3838: 3834: 3829: 3825: 3815: 3813: 3808: 3807: 3803: 3796: 3782: 3778: 3773: 3769: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3748: 3739: 3735: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3646: 3641: 3637: 3630: 3616: 3612: 3594: 3590: 3581: 3580: 3576: 3565: 3561: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3520: 3511: 3504: 3490: 3486: 3479: 3462: 3458: 3449: 3445: 3435: 3433: 3418: 3414: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3371: 3366: 3339: 3329: 3327: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3304: 3295: 3288: 3279: 3275: 3269:Fulness of Days 3266: 3262: 3257: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3198:Keith Feiling, 3197: 3193: 3188: 3184: 3179: 3150: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3107: 3091: 3084: 3079: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3046: 3042: 3037: 3020: 3010: 3008: 3005:The Daily Beast 2996: 2992: 2987: 2983: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2958: 2954: 2947:– 12 April 1926 2937: 2929:Stephen Dillane 2901: 2851: 2833: 2821: 2725: 2709:Halifax College 2694:Maurice Cowling 2670: 2627:Fulness of Days 2579: 2567:Harry S. Truman 2536:Earl of Halifax 2496:Angus McDonnell 2432: 2382:English Channel 2370:the Netherlands 2362: 2356: 2318: 2279: 2268:David Margesson 2246: 2224: 2207:Birger Dahlerus 2199: 2179:"Chips" Channon 2172:Weimar Republic 2102:, Halifax, and 2092: 2057:Sudeten Germans 2017: 1966: 1961: 1900:, and parts of 1804: 1799: 1787:Lord Privy Seal 1744:Stanley Baldwin 1716: 1654: 1607: 1583:Lala Lajpat Rai 1544: 1512:Kirby Underdale 1487:Lord Birkenhead 1472: 1445:Stanley Baldwin 1406: 1324:First World War 1286:, at which the 1280: 1257:Bullingdon Club 1190: 1099: 1092: 1085: 1078: 1071: 1064: 1060: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1040: 1034: 1027: 1024: 999: 963: 951: 947: 929:Political party 920: 916: 899: 893: 891: 890: 889: 863: 851: 845: 840: 831: 816: 805: 798: 792: 788:hereditary peer 784: 779: 755: 743: 731: 725: 720: 701: 695:H. A. L. Fisher 689: 684:Stanley Baldwin 683: 675: 669: 664: 651:Walter Guinness 645: 633: 628:Stanley Baldwin 623: 617: 612: 593: 581: 576: 568:Stanley Baldwin 560: 544: 539: 520: 508: 502: 497: 478: 468: 463:Stanley Baldwin 458: 452: 447: 441:Lord Privy Seal 430: 420: 410: 404: 399: 380: 368: 363:Stanley Baldwin 358: 352: 347: 330: 318: 313: 299: 293: 288: 269: 257: 252: 243:Stanley Baldwin 234: 228: 223: 211: 199: 189: 183: 178: 159: 147: 135: 123: 117: 112: 96: 95:Halifax in 1947 84: 55: 53: 50: 39: 36:Earl of Halifax 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11038: 11028: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10762: 10757: 10752: 10735: 10734: 10732: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10716: 10711: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10690: 10688: 10684: 10683: 10681: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10589: 10587: 10583: 10582: 10580: 10579: 10572: 10567: 10562: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10510:Tarak Nath Das 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10460:Shuja-ud-Daula 10457: 10452: 10450:Sarojini Naidu 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10395:Prafulla Chaki 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10340:Mahatma Gandhi 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10096: 10094: 10088: 10087: 10085: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10062:Vakkom Moulavi 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9992:Mahatma Gandhi 9989: 9984: 9979: 9977:Jyotirao Phule 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9917:B. R. Ambedkar 9914: 9909: 9907:Ayya Vaikundar 9904: 9899: 9893: 9891: 9885: 9884: 9882: 9881: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9788: 9786: 9782: 9781: 9779: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9736:Cripps Mission 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9626:Noakhali riots 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9555: 9553: 9547: 9546: 9544: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9492: 9490: 9489:and ideologies 9484: 9483: 9481: 9480: 9473: 9471:Radcliffe Line 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9446:Vellore Mutiny 9443: 9438: 9437: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9413: 9412: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9340: 9338: 9332: 9331: 9324: 9323: 9316: 9309: 9301: 9292: 9291: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9215: 9214: 9207: 9200: 9192: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9138: 9136: 9132: 9131: 9129: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9106:William Stubbs 9103: 9098: 9093: 9087: 9085: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9077: 9075:Thomas Burgess 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9020:Richard Willis 9017: 9015:William Talbot 9012: 9010:Gilbert Burnet 9007: 9001: 8999: 8995: 8994: 8992: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8979:Sir Thomas Roe 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8925: 8923: 8919: 8918: 8911: 8909: 8907: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8889:Thomas Langton 8886: 8881: 8875: 8873: 8869: 8868: 8861: 8860: 8853: 8846: 8838: 8829: 8828: 8816: 8813: 8812: 8809: 8808: 8806: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8638:Thomas Bromley 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8598:William Warham 8595: 8590: 8584: 8581: 8580: 8570: 8569: 8566: 8565: 8563: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8550:William Dudley 8547: 8542: 8540:George Neville 8537: 8532: 8530:George Neville 8527: 8522: 8520:Robert Thwaits 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8480:John Carpenter 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8455:Walter Trengof 8452: 8447: 8445:Walter Trengof 8442: 8437: 8435:Walter Trengof 8432: 8427: 8425:William Barrow 8422: 8417: 8415:William Barrow 8412: 8407: 8405:William Barrow 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8346: 8343: 8342: 8332: 8331: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8324: 8319: 8317:Henry Beaufort 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8282:Thomas Cranley 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8252:William Berton 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8197:John de Renham 8194: 8189: 8184: 8182:John de Hotham 8179: 8174: 8172:John de Hotham 8169: 8167:Lewis Charlton 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8122:Robert Paynink 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8072:John Lutterell 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8052:Walter Giffard 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7992:Simon of Ghent 7989: 7984: 7982:John de Ludlow 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7838: 7835: 7834: 7824: 7823: 7814: 7813: 7806: 7799: 7791: 7782: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7774: 7768: 7761: 7759: 7753: 7752: 7750: 7749: 7742: 7740: 7734: 7733: 7731: 7730: 7723: 7721: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7711: 7704: 7702: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7692: 7685: 7683: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7673: 7666: 7664: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7654: 7647: 7645: 7639: 7638: 7636: 7635: 7628: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7617: 7616: 7609: 7607: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7597: 7590: 7588: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7578: 7571: 7569: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7555: 7548: 7546: 7544:Home Secretary 7540: 7539: 7537: 7536: 7529: 7527: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7517: 7514:Lord Salisbury 7510: 7508: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7494: 7487: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7466: 7459: 7457: 7451:Prime Minister 7443: 7442: 7430: 7429: 7422: 7415: 7407: 7398: 7397: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7383: 7381: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7371: 7368:Lord Chatfield 7364: 7362: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7352: 7345: 7343: 7337: 7336: 7334: 7333: 7327: 7320: 7318: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7308: 7305:Oliver Stanley 7302: 7295: 7293: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7283: 7276: 7274: 7268: 7267: 7265: 7264: 7261:Sir John Simon 7257: 7255: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7245: 7239: 7232: 7230: 7224: 7223: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7211: 7204: 7202: 7196:Prime Minister 7188: 7187: 7175: 7174: 7167: 7160: 7152: 7143: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7135: 7129: 7122: 7120: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7110: 7103: 7101: 7095: 7094: 7092: 7091: 7084: 7082: 7076: 7075: 7073: 7072: 7065: 7063: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7053: 7046: 7044: 7038: 7037: 7035: 7034: 7028: 7022: 7015: 7013: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7003: 6996: 6994: 6988: 6987: 6985: 6984: 6981:Clement Attlee 6977: 6975: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6965: 6958: 6956: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6939: 6937: 6935:Home Secretary 6931: 6930: 6928: 6927: 6921: 6914: 6912: 6906: 6905: 6903: 6902: 6896: 6889: 6887: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6877: 6871: 6868:Clement Attlee 6864: 6862: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6852: 6849:Clement Attlee 6846: 6840: 6833: 6831: 6825: 6824: 6822: 6821: 6818:Clement Attlee 6814: 6812: 6806: 6805: 6798: 6796: 6794: 6793: 6786: 6784: 6778:Prime Minister 6770: 6769: 6763:War Cabinet of 6759: 6758: 6751: 6744: 6736: 6727: 6726: 6724: 6723: 6711: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6665: 6663: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6552: 6550: 6544: 6543: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6195: 6193: 6189: 6188: 6174: 6173: 6166: 6159: 6151: 6142: 6141: 6138: 6137: 6135: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6083: 6081: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6073: 6067: 6065: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6057: 6051: 6049: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6020: 6018: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6010: 6005: 5999: 5997: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5978: 5976: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5897: 5895: 5888: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5829: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5813: 5811: 5809: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5695: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5672: 5671: 5664: 5657: 5649: 5640: 5639: 5625:Following the 5624: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5617: 5614:Iskander Mirza 5611: 5605: 5599: 5592: 5590: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5577: 5571: 5564: 5562: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5549: 5543: 5537: 5531: 5525: 5522:The Lord Irwin 5519: 5513: 5507: 5501: 5495: 5489: 5483: 5477: 5471: 5465: 5459: 5453: 5447: 5441: 5435: 5428: 5426: 5416: 5415: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5391: 5385: 5379: 5373: 5367: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5343: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5319: 5313: 5306: 5304: 5292: 5291: 5284: 5283: 5276: 5269: 5261: 5253: 5252: 5247: 5244: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5209:House of Lords 5207:Member of the 5196: 5190: 5189: 5176: 5171: 5167: 5166: 5161: 5158: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5132: 5131: 5126: 5123: 5114: 5109: 5105: 5104: 5099: 5096: 5087: 5082: 5078: 5077: 5073: 5072: 5067: 5064: 5054: 5049: 5045: 5044: 5039: 5036: 5027: 5022: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5012: 5007: 5004: 4995: 4990: 4986: 4985: 4981: 4980: 4975: 4972: 4963: 4958: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4948: 4943: 4940: 4935:House of Lords 4927: 4922: 4918: 4917: 4912: 4909: 4904:House of Lords 4896: 4893: 4889: 4888: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4875: 4866: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4851: 4848: 4839: 4834: 4830: 4829: 4826: 4823: 4814: 4809: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4796: 4786: 4785: 4780: 4777: 4768: 4763: 4759: 4758: 4753: 4750: 4741: 4736: 4732: 4731: 4728:Oliver Stanley 4726: 4723: 4714: 4709: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4696: 4687: 4682: 4678: 4677: 4672: 4669: 4660: 4655: 4651: 4650: 4645: 4642: 4633: 4628: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4618: 4613: 4610: 4594: 4591:H. F. B. Lynch 4589: 4585: 4584: 4576: 4575: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4546: 4541: 4530: 4521: 4509: 4508:External links 4506: 4505: 4504: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4491: 4485: 4478: 4471: 4461: 4454: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4440: 4433: 4426: 4419: 4412: 4405: 4398: 4389: 4386: 4385: 4384: 4378: 4371: 4370:London, 1991. 4361: 4354: 4344:, ed. (2004). 4342:Matthew, Colin 4338: 4325:Lukacs, John, 4323: 4305: 4287: 4272: 4254: 4247: 4240: 4233: 4226: 4219: 4209: 4206: 4199:Colville, John 4196: 4189: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4174: 4156:"Darkest Hour" 4147: 4120: 4087: 4069: 4045: 4025: 4005: 3981: 3972: 3959: 3946: 3933: 3920: 3911: 3885: 3873: 3860: 3845: 3832: 3823: 3801: 3794: 3776: 3767: 3758: 3746: 3733: 3724: 3715: 3706: 3678: 3644: 3635: 3628: 3610: 3588: 3585:. p. 295. 3574: 3559: 3545: 3529: 3509: 3502: 3484: 3477: 3467:, ed. (1971). 3456: 3443: 3426:Monthly Review 3412: 3398: 3378: 3369: 3337: 3326:. 4 March 1935 3311: 3302: 3286: 3273: 3260: 3230: 3204: 3191: 3182: 3148: 3133: 3105: 3082: 3058: 3049: 3040: 3018: 2990: 2981: 2972: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2948: 2936: 2933: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2895: 2885: 2874: 2868: 2865: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2827: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2815: 2809: 2806:His Excellency 2799: 2796:His Excellency 2789: 2783: 2777: 2771:His Excellency 2764: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2740: 2724: 2721: 2669: 2666: 2578: 2575: 2558:negotiate the 2544:Clement Attlee 2488:Lend-Lease Act 2469:Maxim Litvinov 2431: 2428: 2358:Main article: 2355: 2352: 2284:Clement Attlee 2272:William Deakin 2223: 2220: 2198: 2195: 2160:Maxim Litvinov 2128:invade Albania 2091: 2088: 2083:Andrew Roberts 2052:Czechoslovakia 2016: 2013: 1975:Foreign Office 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1902:Czechoslovakia 1886:Middleton Hunt 1882:Hermann Göring 1843:Walter Elliott 1812:Hermann Göring 1803: 1800: 1798: 1797:Foreign policy 1795: 1736:Vincent Massey 1728:Foreign Office 1715: 1712: 1708:Sukhdev Thapar 1695: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1653: 1650: 1606: 1603: 1601:(March 1929). 1560:Sir John Simon 1543: 1540: 1516:County of York 1471: 1468: 1405: 1402: 1344:Lord Lansdowne 1306:. He remained 1279: 1276: 1241:Hickleton Hall 1233:Anglo-Catholic 1225:House of Lords 1189: 1186: 1162:House of Lords 1109:the Lord Irwin 1052: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1035: 1025: 1020: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1001: 1000: 998: 997: 992: 986: 984: 980: 979: 969: 965: 964: 949: 943: 942: 940: 936: 935: 930: 926: 925: 919:(aged 78) 913: 909: 908: 887: 885: 881: 880: 876: 875: 872: 871: 866: 860: 859: 857:H. F. B. Lynch 854: 848: 847: 837: 836: 825: 824: 819: 813: 812: 801: 795: 794: 781: 780: 775: 772: 771: 769:House of Lords 767:Member of the 764: 763: 758: 752: 751: 746: 740: 739: 734: 732:Prime Minister 728: 727: 717: 716: 710: 709: 704: 698: 697: 692: 686: 685: 678: 676:Prime Minister 672: 671: 661: 660: 654: 653: 648: 642: 641: 636: 630: 629: 626: 624:Prime Minister 620: 619: 609: 608: 602: 601: 596: 590: 589: 584: 578: 577: 575: 574: 569: 565: 563: 561:Prime Minister 557: 556: 551: 547: 546: 536: 535: 529: 528: 523: 517: 516: 511: 505: 504: 494: 493: 487: 486: 481: 475: 474: 471: 465: 464: 461: 459:Prime Minister 455: 454: 444: 443: 437: 436: 433: 427: 426: 423: 417: 416: 413: 411:Prime Minister 407: 406: 396: 395: 389: 388: 383: 377: 376: 371: 365: 364: 361: 359:Prime Minister 355: 354: 344: 343: 337: 336: 333: 327: 326: 321: 315: 314: 312: 311: 308: 304: 302: 300:Prime Minister 296: 295: 285: 284: 278: 277: 272: 266: 265: 260: 254: 253: 251: 250: 245: 239: 237: 235:Prime Minister 231: 230: 220: 219: 214: 208: 207: 202: 196: 195: 192: 190:Prime Minister 186: 185: 175: 174: 168: 167: 162: 156: 155: 150: 144: 143: 138: 132: 131: 126: 120: 119: 109: 108: 102: 101: 98: 97: 94: 86: 85: 54: 51: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11037: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10747: 10745: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10691: 10689: 10685: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10590: 10588: 10584: 10578: 10577: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10455:Satyapal Dang 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10380:Nana Fadnavis 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10345:Mangal Pandey 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10305:Khudiram Bose 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10220:Chetram Jatav 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10190:Bhikaiji Cama 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10180:Bharathidasan 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10165:Basawon Singh 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10089: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10052:Sri Aurobindo 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10022:Ram Mohan Roy 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10002:Narayana Guru 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9886: 9880: 9879: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9789: 9787: 9785:Organisations 9783: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9746:Bombay Mutiny 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9731:Indian Legion 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9671:1928 Protests 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9616:Rowlatt Bills 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9586: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9556: 9554: 9548: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9485: 9479: 9478: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9391: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9337: 9333: 9329: 9322: 9317: 9315: 9310: 9308: 9303: 9302: 9299: 9286: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9227: 9224: 9220: 9213: 9208: 9206: 9201: 9199: 9194: 9193: 9190: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9133: 9127: 9126:Thomas Strong 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9111:Francis Paget 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9091:Richard Bagot 9089: 9088: 9086: 9082: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9002: 9000: 8996: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8926: 8924: 8920: 8915: 8905: 8904:Edmund Audley 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8876: 8874: 8870: 8866: 8859: 8854: 8852: 8847: 8845: 8840: 8839: 8836: 8826: 8820: 8814: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8618:Reginald Pole 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8603:John Longland 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8593:Richard Mayew 8591: 8589: 8588:William Smyth 8586: 8585: 8582: 8575: 8571: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8525:Gilbert Kymer 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8485:Richard Praty 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8470:Gilbert Kymer 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8440:Robert Colman 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8370:William Clynt 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8355:Robert Hallam 8353: 8351: 8348: 8347: 8344: 8337: 8333: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8292:Ralph Redruth 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8087:Thomas Hotham 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8062:Henry Harclay 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8037:Walter Burdun 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8012:Roger Weseham 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7839: 7836: 7829: 7825: 7821: 7812: 7807: 7805: 7800: 7798: 7793: 7792: 7789: 7772: 7769: 7766: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7754: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7735: 7728: 7727:E. F. L. Wood 7725: 7724: 7722: 7720: 7716: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7703: 7701: 7697: 7690: 7687: 7686: 7684: 7682: 7678: 7671: 7668: 7667: 7665: 7663: 7659: 7652: 7649: 7648: 7646: 7644: 7640: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7625: 7621: 7614: 7611: 7610: 7608: 7606: 7602: 7595: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7587: 7583: 7576: 7573: 7572: 7570: 7568: 7564: 7560: 7553: 7550: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7541: 7534: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7522: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7492: 7489: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7475: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7439: 7435: 7428: 7423: 7421: 7416: 7414: 7409: 7408: 7405: 7388: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7376: 7369: 7366: 7365: 7363: 7361: 7357: 7350: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7338: 7331: 7328: 7325: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7313: 7306: 7303: 7300: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7292: 7288: 7281: 7278: 7277: 7275: 7273: 7269: 7262: 7259: 7258: 7256: 7254: 7250: 7243: 7240: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7225: 7220: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7203: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7184: 7180: 7173: 7168: 7166: 7161: 7159: 7154: 7153: 7150: 7133: 7130: 7127: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7119: 7115: 7108: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7096: 7089: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7081: 7077: 7070: 7067: 7066: 7064: 7062: 7058: 7051: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7039: 7032: 7029: 7026: 7025:Richard Casey 7023: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7012: 7008: 7001: 6998: 6997: 6995: 6993: 6989: 6982: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6974: 6970: 6963: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6955: 6951: 6944: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6925: 6922: 6919: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6911: 6907: 6900: 6897: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6886: 6882: 6875: 6872: 6869: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6857: 6850: 6847: 6844: 6841: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6826: 6819: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6807: 6802: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6764: 6757: 6752: 6750: 6745: 6743: 6738: 6737: 6734: 6722: 6721: 6717: 6712: 6710: 6709: 6700: 6699: 6696: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6658: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6545: 6540: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6514:Gordon Walker 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6181: 6172: 6167: 6165: 6160: 6158: 6153: 6152: 6149: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6078: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6062: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6046: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6015: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5994: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5916:Gordon Walker 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5898: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5885: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5822: 5817: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5688: 5684: 5679: 5670: 5665: 5663: 5658: 5656: 5651: 5650: 5647: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5622: 5615: 5612: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5600: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5582: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5554: 5547: 5544: 5541: 5538: 5535: 5532: 5529: 5526: 5523: 5520: 5517: 5514: 5511: 5508: 5505: 5502: 5499: 5496: 5493: 5490: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5478: 5475: 5472: 5469: 5466: 5463: 5460: 5457: 5454: 5451: 5448: 5445: 5442: 5439: 5436: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5421: 5417: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5389: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5368: 5365: 5362: 5359: 5356: 5353: 5350: 5347: 5344: 5341: 5338: 5335: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5323: 5320: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5299: 5293: 5289: 5282: 5277: 5275: 5270: 5268: 5263: 5262: 5259: 5250: 5241: 5237: 5236: 5225: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5211: 5210: 5202: 5201: 5195: 5191: 5186: 5182: 5181: 5174: 5168: 5164: 5155: 5151: 5150: 5144: 5140: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5120: 5119: 5112: 5106: 5102: 5093: 5092: 5085: 5079: 5074: 5070: 5061: 5060: 5052: 5046: 5042: 5033: 5032: 5025: 5019: 5014: 5010: 5001: 5000: 4993: 4987: 4982: 4978: 4969: 4968: 4961: 4955: 4950: 4946: 4937: 4936: 4932: 4925: 4919: 4915: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4890: 4885: 4881: 4872: 4871: 4864: 4858: 4854: 4845: 4844: 4837: 4831: 4820: 4819: 4812: 4806: 4802: 4793: 4792: 4787: 4783: 4774: 4773: 4766: 4760: 4756: 4747: 4746: 4745:War Secretary 4739: 4733: 4729: 4720: 4719: 4712: 4706: 4702: 4693: 4692: 4685: 4679: 4675: 4666: 4665: 4658: 4652: 4648: 4639: 4638: 4631: 4625: 4620: 4616: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4600: 4592: 4586: 4583: 4579: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4536: 4535: 4531: 4529: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4502: 4499: 4498: 4490: 4486: 4483: 4479: 4476: 4472: 4469: 4465: 4462: 4459: 4455: 4452: 4448: 4447: 4438: 4434: 4431: 4427: 4424: 4420: 4417: 4413: 4410: 4407:Lord Butler, 4406: 4403: 4399: 4396: 4392: 4391: 4382: 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London, 19. 4238: 4234: 4231: 4227: 4224: 4220: 4217: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4190: 4187: 4183: 4182: 4163: 4162: 4157: 4151: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4124: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4081: 4078: 4073: 4066: 4065:0-9711966-2-1 4062: 4058: 4052: 4050: 4041: 4040: 4035: 4029: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4009: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3991: 3985: 3976: 3969: 3963: 3956: 3953:Lord Butler, 3950: 3943: 3937: 3930: 3924: 3915: 3899: 3895: 3889: 3880: 3878: 3870: 3864: 3856: 3849: 3842: 3836: 3827: 3811: 3805: 3797: 3795:0-19-820626-7 3791: 3787: 3780: 3771: 3762: 3753: 3751: 3743: 3742:History Today 3737: 3728: 3719: 3710: 3694: 3693: 3688: 3682: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3639: 3631: 3625: 3621: 3614: 3606: 3605:Recollections 3602: 3598: 3592: 3584: 3578: 3570: 3563: 3555: 3549: 3541: 3540: 3533: 3525: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3505: 3499: 3495: 3488: 3480: 3478:0-241-01905-2 3474: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3453: 3447: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3416: 3401: 3395: 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2714: 2710: 2706: 2704: 2698: 2695: 2690: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2678:Harold Begbie 2675: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2648:Temple Newsam 2644: 2642: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2588: 2585: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2528: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2501:Harry Hopkins 2497: 2491: 2489: 2484: 2483: 2478: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2448:Jock Colville 2445: 2441: 2437: 2426: 2423: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2361: 2351: 2347: 2344: 2340: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2301: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2285: 2276: 2273: 2269: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2257: 2252: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2232:Norway Debate 2229: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2204: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2116:Kristallnacht 2113: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2087: 2084: 2079: 2077: 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1383:Walter Elliot 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1309: 1305: 1304:December 1910 1301: 1297: 1294:candidacy at 1293: 1289: 1285: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1142:Kristallnacht 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1098: 1091: 1084: 1077: 1070: 1063: 1058: 1049: 1039: 1023: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1002: 996: 993: 991: 988: 987: 985: 981: 978: 974: 971:5, including 970: 966: 946: 941: 937: 934: 931: 927: 923: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898:16 April 1881 886: 882: 877: 873: 870: 867: 861: 858: 855: 849: 843: 838: 835: 830: 826: 823: 820: 814: 811: 809: 802: 796: 790: 789: 782: 778: 777:Lord Temporal 773: 770: 765: 762: 759: 753: 750: 747: 741: 738: 735: 729: 723: 718: 715: 711: 708: 705: 699: 696: 693: 687: 682: 679: 673: 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9441:Polygar Wars 9369:French India 9354:Dutch Bengal 9344:Colonisation 9264: 9249: 9146: 9121:Hubert Burge 9116:Charles Gore 9065:John Douglas 9035:John Gilbert 8787: 8682: 8578:1500 onwards 8555:John Russell 8500:William Grey 8465:Thomas Chase 8460:John Castell 8430:Thomas Clare 8420:Thomas Clare 8287:Robert Rygge 8272:Robert Rygge 8267:William Rugg 8257:Robert Rygge 8247:Robert Rygge 7997:Henry Swayne 7726: 7280:Lord Halifax 7279: 7069:Lord Woolton 7000:Ernest Bevin 6924:Anthony Eden 6917: 6713: 6701: 6561:Douglas-Home 6504:Douglas-Home 6468: 5780: 5750: 5635:Elizabeth II 5588:independence 5560:independence 5521: 5239: 5233: 5213: 5206: 5198: 5194:New creation 5193: 5185:2nd creation 5184: 5178: 5154:4th creation 5153: 5147: 5143:New creation 5142: 5116: 5089: 5056: 5029: 4997: 4965: 4929: 4898: 4868: 4853:Anthony Eden 4841: 4836:Anthony Eden 4816: 4789: 4770: 4743: 4716: 4689: 4662: 4635: 4596: 4555:Bibliography 4532: 4500: 4481: 4474: 4467: 4457: 4450: 4436: 4429: 4422: 4415: 4408: 4401: 4394: 4381:Young, Peter 4374: 4367: 4345: 4326: 4311: 4293: 4290:Jenkins, Roy 4275: 4260: 4250: 4243: 4236: 4229: 4222: 4215: 4202: 4192: 4185: 4179:Bibliography 4165:. Retrieved 4159: 4150: 4138:. Retrieved 4132: 4123: 4111:. Retrieved 4099: 4090: 4072: 4056: 4037: 4028: 4017: 4008: 4000:the original 3993: 3984: 3975: 3967: 3962: 3954: 3949: 3941: 3936: 3928: 3923: 3914: 3902:. Retrieved 3898:the original 3888: 3863: 3854: 3848: 3840: 3835: 3826: 3814:. Retrieved 3804: 3785: 3779: 3770: 3761: 3741: 3736: 3727: 3718: 3709: 3697:. Retrieved 3695:. 8 May 1940 3690: 3681: 3638: 3619: 3613: 3604: 3601:Erinnerungen 3600: 3591: 3582: 3577: 3568: 3562: 3553: 3548: 3538: 3532: 3523: 3493: 3487: 3468: 3459: 3451: 3446: 3434:. Retrieved 3429: 3425: 3415: 3403:. Retrieved 3388: 3381: 3372: 3328:. Retrieved 3324:The Guardian 3323: 3314: 3305: 3297: 3281: 3276: 3268: 3263: 3221:. Retrieved 3216: 3207: 3199: 3194: 3185: 3142: 3136: 3097: 3052: 3043: 3009:. Retrieved 3003: 2993: 2984: 2975: 2942: 2924:Darkest Hour 2922: 2915:John Gielgud 2908: 2902: 2845: 2834: 2811: 2805: 2801: 2795: 2791: 2785: 2779: 2770: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2707: 2699: 2691: 2671: 2657:settled land 2645: 2638: 2630: 2626: 2620: 2589: 2580: 2564: 2548:Ernest Bevin 2540:Soviet Union 2532:Anthony Eden 2524: 2505:Pearl Harbor 2492: 2480: 2474: 2435: 2433: 2418: 2398: 2394: 2380:reached the 2363: 2348: 2335: 2316: 2311:Lloyd George 2303: 2277: 2254: 2250: 2244: 2225: 2200: 2176: 2157: 2144: 2135: 2124: 2109: 2090:After Munich 2080: 2073: 2061: 2041: 2024:Adolf Hitler 2006: 1999:Labour Party 1995:Soviet Union 1991:Samuel Hoare 1987: 1967: 1933: 1922: 1915:Halifax and 1893: 1878:Adolf Hitler 1875: 1859:Nazi Germany 1856: 1847:Anthony Eden 1835:J. H. Thomas 1831:Samuel Hoare 1821: 1767:Samuel Hoare 1752: 1717: 1700:Bhagat Singh 1696: 1671: 1663: 1646: 1637:Lord Reading 1633: 1623:Lord Goschen 1608: 1587:Bhagat Singh 1575:Nehru Report 1564: 1545: 1534: 1533:(R. Bernays 1524: 1507: 1484: 1457: 1426: 1414:South Africa 1407: 1390:George Lloyd 1387: 1375:Samuel Hoare 1352: 1321: 1300:January 1910 1292:Conservative 1281: 1261: 1249:Eton College 1238: 1231:as a devout 1222: 1191: 1155: 1140: 1133:Adolf Hitler 1112: 1108: 1056: 1055: 933:Conservative 917:(1959-12-23) 864:Succeeded by 841: 817:Succeeded by 803: 785: 776: 756:Succeeded by 721: 702:Succeeded by 665: 646:Succeeded by 613: 594:Succeeded by 540: 521:Succeeded by 498: 479:Succeeded by 448: 431:Succeeded by 400: 381:Succeeded by 348: 335:Anthony Eden 331:Succeeded by 324:Anthony Eden 289: 270:Succeeded by 224: 212:Succeeded by 179: 160:Succeeded by 136:Appointed by 124:Nominated by 113: 40: 11020:Wood family 10980:UK MPs 1910 10755:1959 deaths 10750:1881 births 10643:Mountbatten 10265:Hemu Kalani 10145:Bagha Jatin 10082:Vivekananda 9837:India House 9721:Act of 1935 9496:Ambedkarism 9364:British Raj 9070:John Fisher 9050:John Thomas 9040:John Thomas 8899:Henry Deane 8608:Richard Cox 8560:John Morton 8510:Henry Sever 8490:John Norton 8177:John Renham 8107:Ralph Radyn 8077:Henry Gower 7767:(1922–1923) 7748:(1922–1923) 7729:(1922–1923) 7710:(1922–1923) 7691:(1922–1923) 7672:(1922–1923) 7653:(1922–1923) 7634:(1922–1923) 7615:(1922–1923) 7596:(1922–1923) 7577:(1922–1923) 7575:Lord Curzon 7554:(1922–1923) 7535:(1922–1923) 7516:(1922–1923) 7493:(1922–1923) 7465:(1922–1923) 7440:(1922–1923) 7389:(1939–1940) 7387:Lord Hankey 7370:(1939–1940) 7351:(1939–1940) 7326:(1939–1940) 7301:(1939–1940) 7282:(1939–1940) 7263:(1939–1940) 7238:(1939–1940) 7210:(1939–1940) 7185:(1939–1940) 7179:War Cabinet 7134:(1942–1945) 7109:(1941–1942) 7071:(1943–1945) 7052:(1940–1942) 7027:(1942–1944) 7002:(1940–1945) 6983:(1942–1943) 6964:(1940–1941) 6945:(1940–1945) 6926:(1940–1945) 6901:(1943–1945) 6895:(1940–1943) 6870:(1940–1942) 6851:(1943–1945) 6845:(1940–1943) 6820:(1942–1945) 6792:(1940–1945) 6439:Chamberlain 6269:Castlereagh 5711:Londonderry 5296:East India 5240:of Barnsley 5214:(1925–1959) 5200:Baron Irwin 4755:Duff Cooper 4684:Noel Buxton 4537:1803–2005: 4034:"No. 33139" 4014:"No. 32759" 3094:"No. 33117" 2668:Assessments 2623:Suez policy 2378:German army 2331:War cabinet 2297:Bournemouth 2203:Axis powers 2104:Count Ciano 1983:French Army 1816:Schorfheide 1730:in the new 1722:(he became 1535:Naked Fakir 1508:Baron Irwin 1332:West Riding 1322:Before the 1229:religiosity 1178:War cabinet 1129:appeasement 852:Preceded by 806:(inherited 799:Preceded by 744:Preceded by 690:Preceded by 639:Noel Buxton 634:Preceded by 582:Preceded by 509:Preceded by 469:Preceded by 421:Preceded by 386:Duff Cooper 369:Preceded by 319:Preceded by 258:Preceded by 200:Preceded by 148:Preceded by 10744:Categories 10673:Linlithgow 10613:Chelmsford 10603:Cornwallis 10515:Tatya Tope 10385:Nana Saheb 10290:K. Kamaraj 10240:Dhan Singh 10155:Bakht Khan 9807:Arya Samaj 9741:Quit India 9691:Salt March 9550:Events and 9526:Satyagraha 8894:John Blyth 8628:John Mason 8613:John Mason 8232:John Turke 8127:John Leech 7927:Thomas Bek 7862:Ralph Cole 7847:Ralph Cole 7651:Lord Novar 7613:Lord Derby 7031:Lord Moyne 6581:Carrington 6389:Iddesleigh 6334:Malmesbury 6319:Malmesbury 6309:Palmerston 6299:Palmerston 6294:Wellington 6289:Palmerston 6229:Hawkesbury 6107:Williamson 5796:De La Warr 5771:Lees-Smith 5706:Devonshire 5586:Pakistani 5243:1934–1959 5188:1934–1959 5157:1944–1959 5122:1957–1959 5095:1943–1959 5069:Rab Butler 5063:1947–1959 5035:1933–1959 5003:1940–1946 4971:1926–1931 4908:1935–1938 4847:1938–1940 4822:1937–1938 4795:1935–1938 4776:1935–1937 4722:1932–1935 4695:1924–1925 4668:1922–1924 4641:1921–1922 4615:John Hills 4544:Lord Irwin 4518:Faded Page 4388:References 3904:29 October 3839:Colville, 3432:(11): 9–22 3330:31 October 2919:antagonist 2687:Rab Butler 2661:Rab Butler 2577:Later life 2405:Portuguese 2295:, then in 2265:Chief Whip 2216:Phoney War 2197:Phoney War 2187:Rab Butler 2008:Guilty Men 1755:Chancellor 1272:John Keble 1038:Lend-Lease 1005:Alma mater 894:1881-04-16 869:John Hills 808:his father 10648:Wellesley 10633:Dalhousie 10495:Surya Sen 10390:P. Kakkan 10350:Mir Qasim 10325:M. N. Roy 10260:Har Dayal 10093:activists 9922:Baba Amte 9912:Ayyankali 9890:reformers 9812:Azad Hind 9552:movements 9531:Socialism 9055:John Hume 9005:Seth Ward 8340:1400–1500 7832:1224–1400 7670:Leo Amery 7632:Lord Peel 7491:Lord Cave 7463:Bonar Law 7438:Bonar Law 6566:Callaghan 6494:Macmillan 6444:Henderson 6434:MacDonald 6414:Lansdowne 6409:Salisbury 6404:Kimberley 6394:Salisbury 6379:Salisbury 6374:Granville 6369:Salisbury 6359:Granville 6354:Clarendon 6344:Clarendon 6329:Clarendon 6314:Granville 6264:Wellesley 6224:Grenville 6127:Malthouse 6080:Education 5975:Education 5961:MacGregor 5853:Horsbrugh 5848:Tomlinson 5843:Wilkinson 5766:Trevelyan 5756:Trevelyan 5736:Henderson 5631:George VI 4630:Leo Amery 4549:Biography 4482:Historian 4375:Historian 4294:Churchill 4108:0362-4331 3843:, p. 321. 3816:1 January 3786:Churchill 3699:2 January 3282:Historian 3223:28 August 3011:1 January 2884:in Egypt) 2812:1946–1959 2802:1944–1946 2413:Yorkshire 2327:George VI 2042:Hitler's 1890:Pomerania 1611:June 1929 1599:14 points 1433:Bonar Law 1202:Yorkshire 924:, England 907:, England 905:Exminster 842:In office 749:Leo Amery 722:In office 681:Bonar Law 666:In office 614:In office 541:In office 503:1933–1959 499:In office 449:In office 401:In office 349:In office 290:In office 225:In office 180:In office 141:George VI 114:In office 10678:Hastings 10638:Bentinck 9857:Jugantar 9501:Gandhism 6679:Cleverly 6626:Miliband 6571:Crosland 6484:Morrison 6399:Rosebery 6384:Rosebery 6304:Aberdeen 6284:Aberdeen 6259:Bathurst 6239:Mulgrave 6234:Harrowby 6204:Grantham 6122:Cleverly 6097:Greening 6008:Blunkett 6003:Shephard 5987:Shephard 5946:Carlisle 5941:Williams 5931:Prentice 5926:Thatcher 5911:Crosland 5863:Hailsham 5801:Soulbury 5791:Stanhope 5726:Runciman 4520:(Canada) 4129:"Gandhi" 4113:21 April 4080:Archived 3599:(1950). 3436:27 April 3405:27 April 3217:Guardian 2935:See also 2703:Quisling 2672:Halifax 2641:Garrowby 2436:de facto 2422:Prussian 2403:and the 2343:Sinclair 2245:At 10.15 2120:tungsten 1964:Analysis 1628:Dominion 1579:dominion 1527:Cecilian 1499:George V 1288:Liberals 1274:(1909). 1245:Garrowby 1139:. After 968:Children 922:Garrowby 554:George V 10598:Canning 10017:Periyar 9666:Bardoli 9434:Gwalior 9336:History 7434:Cabinet 6684:Cameron 6641:Johnson 6636:Hammond 6621:Beckett 6606:Rifkind 6556:Stewart 6529:Stewart 6519:Stewart 6469:Halifax 6449:Reading 6424:Balfour 6349:Stanley 6339:Russell 6324:Russell 6274:Canning 6254:Canning 6117:Donelan 6039:Johnson 5906:Stewart 5786:Stanley 5776:Maclean 5721:McKenna 5716:Birrell 5558:Indian 5298:Company 5235:Baronet 4933:in the 4902:in the 4571:of the 4567:in the 4534:Hansard 4526:at the 2819:Honours 2711:at the 2482:Potomac 2409:Finnish 2390:Dunkirk 2366:Belgium 2307:Asquith 2278:At 4.30 2140:atheism 2032:Berghof 1953:obloquy 1898:Austria 1894:Halali! 1593:leader 1556:Diarchy 1514:in the 1437:Cabinet 1176:of the 1166:Dunkirk 983:Parents 962: 950: 550:Monarch 10668:Cripps 10663:Outram 10653:Lytton 10618:Curzon 10593:Wavell 9888:Social 9541:Swaraj 9424:Second 9409:Fourth 9399:Second 9250:Vacant 8683:Vacant 7773:(1923) 7332:(1940) 7307:(1940) 7244:(1940) 7128:(1942) 7090:(1941) 7033:(1944) 7021:(1942) 6920:(1940) 6876:(1942) 6839:(1940) 6509:Butler 6429:Curzon 6279:Dudley 6249:Howick 6214:Temple 6132:Keegan 6112:Zahawi 6092:Morgan 6071:Denham 6029:Clarke 6024:Morris 5982:Patten 5966:Clarke 5951:Joseph 5936:Mulley 5873:Eccles 5858:Eccles 5833:Butler 5806:Butler 5746:Fisher 5548:(1947) 5336:(1805) 4489:online 4453:. 1941 4352: 4333: 4318: 4300: 4282: 4267: 4167:1 July 4140:1 July 4106: 4063: 3792: 3626: 3500: 3475: 3396: 2910:Gandhi 2723:Styles 2425:raped. 2374:France 2372:, and 2319: 2280: 2247: 2015:Munich 1979:France 1929:Danzig 1906:Poland 1520:Bombay 1365:, and 1151:Poland 975:, and 956: 939:Spouse 10658:Clive 10628:Minto 10623:Ripon 10608:Irwin 10042:Shahu 9429:Third 9419:First 9404:Third 9394:First 6689:Lammy 6674:Truss 6631:Hague 6616:Straw 6596:Major 6524:Brown 6499:Lloyd 6479:Bevin 6459:Hoare 6454:Simon 6364:Derby 6219:Leeds 6102:Hinds 6055:Balls 6034:Kelly 5956:Baker 5921:Short 5878:Boyle 5868:Lloyd 5781:Irwin 5761:Percy 5741:Crewe 5731:Pease 4939:1940 4874:1940 4749:1935 4599:Ripon 3812:. 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Knowledge

Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax

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