40:
473:
noted that the medieval writers under various names mentioned Huns and
Bulgars, and some authors mentioned them as separate ethnic categories. The cases of mixing information for Bulgars and Huns in some authors, as well as possible rapprochement of the names Avitohol – Attila and Irnik – Ernak, do
202:
thought the identification between Irnik and Ernak pointless, and they were two different persons and families. Zlatarski pointed out, which points
Runciman considered to be indisputable; if Irnik was Ernak, then both Ernak and Attila belonged to the Dulo clan, whereas, actually, no source mentions
478:
and Panos
Sophoulis concluded that claiming of Attilid descent shows the intermingling of European Huns elements with newly arrived Oğuric Turkic groups, as the number of evidence of linguistic, ethnographic and socio-political nature show that Bulgars belonged to the group of Turkic peoples.
459:, this theory is rooted in the periods of anti-Turkish sentiment in Bulgaria, and is ideologically motivated. As such the proto-Bulgar language (of the group which established the state of Bulgaria), was claimed to be of Iranian language although it is generally accepted it was Turkic of
186:
represented in the reincarnation of the cultural hero within time cycles. Jean W. Sedlar considered the Attila connection justly doubtful, and argued the possibility of a steppe dynasty which produced Hunnic rulers like Attila may have also produced rulers for the
Bulgars.
439:
claimed that the Dulo clan had the dog as its sacred animal. MacDermott considered that the
Bulgarian expression preserved to this day "he kills the dog", in the meaning "he gives the orders", is a relic of the time when the Dulo Khan sacrificed a dog to the deity
173:
shows that the clan memory and genealogy important to
Central Asian peoples was likewise significant to the Bulgars, as well the cosmological understanding of the history, as the Avitohol and Irnik were mentioned in the category of the
169:(ancestor) it derives from. Runciman considered Avitohol to be a distant mythological ancestor. Ivan Biliarsky considers that both Avitohol and Irnik were only mythic figures of the historical personalities. According to him the
207:
Irnik ruled from 437, i.e. several years before the death of Attila in 453, which is impossible. Due to be assigned a reign of 150 years, Runciman considered the inaccuracy of the date of accession as venial mistake.
307:, who was 30 years old". Historians usually interpreted the testimony as evidence of a massacre of the previous dynasty (the Dulo clan), and the rise of a new leader with no connection to the previous regime.
474:
not give reason to draw a line of equality between the two ethnic groups. According to Burmov there is no historical evidence that the
Bulgars and Huns lived in the same territory. Burmov, Peter B. Golden,
147:-Ernak is confirmed. Runciman considered the name Avitohol meaningless and its biblical origin more convincing. He considered that the missionaries were spreading
291:
river (of the Old Great
Bulgaria), while the Asparukh (c. 681–701) was the first from the southern side of the river (First Bulgarian Empire). He was followed by
347:
tribes. Many modern historians consider that the first historical Bulgar ruler Kubrat belonged to the Dulo clan of the
Western Turks - the so-called alliance of
470:
1653:
368:, the maternal uncle of Kubrat. Accurately or not, it still points to the rivalry between the Bulgars, led by Kubrat from the Dulo clan, and the
315:
The exact origin is obscure. Some researchers consider that the origin of the clan most probably was Turkic. This proposition was suggested by
74:. This state was a centralized monarchy from its inception, unlike previous Hunno-Turkic political entities, which were tribal confederations.
1760:
1254:
1560:
Medieval
History of the Bulgarian State, Vol I: History of the First Bulgarian Empire, Part I: Age of Hun-Bulgar Domination (679-852)
1563:(in Bulgarian). Sofia: Science and Arts Publishers, 2nd Edition (Petar Petrov, Ed.), Zahari Stoyanov Publishers, 4th Edition, 2006.
447:
Some modern Bulgarian scholars, the most prominent of them, namely Peter Dobrev, argued that the Turkic names of the animals in the
190:
The second listed ruler is Irnik, who lived 150 years and also descended from the Dulo clan. It is generally considered that in the
1646:
1431:
654:
135:, who lived 300 years and descended from the Dulo clan. Josef Marquart and many other historians identified Avitohol with
99:. During the pagan period, the succession of clan leadership was based on traditions brought over to the Balkans from the
780:
303:, in 761 or 762 the Bulgars "rose up, killed their hereditary lords and set up as their king an evil-minded man called
227:. During the second half of the 7th century his sons split up the Bulgar royal family and spread over Europe, from the
1639:
1622:
1568:
1510:
1477:
1404:
1355:
1322:
1295:
1190:
1074:
1047:
969:
911:
874:
846:
822:
719:
621:
596:
1753:
455:) show that the Turkic peoples had borrowed these words from the Iranian language (Bulgars). However, according to
123:
87:
1926:
316:
2073:
1727:
1217:
746:
2083:
2098:
2009:
1746:
1469:
2123:
2108:
2093:
1906:
1901:
1769:
1666:
867:
The Bulgarian-Byzantine Wars for Early Medieval Balkan Hegemony: Silver-Lined Skulls and Blinded Armies
1538:
475:
397:). This association could further prove the link between Xiongnu and Huns (as well Huns and Bulgars).
2113:
2048:
1940:
582:
17:
2197:
2168:
2103:
2088:
328:
300:
67:
2187:
2182:
2157:
2118:
1979:
1965:
1287:
109:, who reigned as the head of state, military leader, and probably high priest of the Bulgar god,
2020:
2014:
1777:
1182:
336:
332:
264:
82:
1263:
1262:, Turkish and Middle Eastern Studies, Rutgers University, pp. footnote 37, archived from
2192:
2078:
1999:
1341:
1250:
808:
398:
33:
2053:
1974:
1886:
1876:
1871:
260:
8:
2173:
2063:
2058:
1984:
1947:
1881:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1786:
588:
The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century
2218:
2043:
1896:
1841:
1811:
1791:
1687:
1175:
304:
292:
256:
220:
143:
considered the connection possible, but suspicious and unimportant if the link between
78:
71:
2068:
1989:
1954:
1891:
1831:
1826:
1816:
1806:
1796:
1722:
1712:
1707:
1682:
1618:
1564:
1506:
1473:
1459:
1427:
1400:
1351:
1318:
1291:
1213:
1186:
1070:
1043:
965:
907:
870:
842:
818:
776:
742:
715:
660:
650:
627:
617:
592:
547:
436:
1582:
382:
further considered the connection of the name of Dulo clan with the name of the old
2150:
1917:
1821:
1446:
Golden, Peter B. (1992) An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples. p. 58
464:
418:
361:
993:
2032:
2004:
1717:
1697:
1612:
1594:
1554:
1500:
1463:
1421:
1394:
1345:
1312:
1281:
1207:
1064:
1037:
959:
817:. Editura Academiei Române; Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei. pp. 143–144.
770:
736:
709:
586:
516:
460:
448:
379:
323:(1967), implying there may be made an association of the Dulo clan with the five
216:
199:
152:
140:
100:
2134:
2026:
1702:
1598:
1496:
520:
456:
402:
248:
59:
1347:
Nomads and Their Neighbours in the Russian Steppe: Turks, Khazars and Qipchaqs
1095:
961:
The Tale of the Prophet Isaiah: The Destiny and Meanings of an Apocryphal Text
2212:
1558:
664:
532:
339:(581–593) divided into Western and Eastern Khaganate. The Western was led by
159:, the ancestor of Eurasian people, which easily modifies into the Latin name
148:
103:, which include the rulers' divine ancestry. At the head of the clan was the
631:
1994:
1933:
1692:
1631:
1608:
1170:
528:
430:
373:
161:
105:
495:
were tribal confederations, and not ruling dynasties. B. Simeonov derived
2038:
1578:
535:. Even so, all hypotheses P. B. Golden considers for now as speculative.
391:
320:
228:
39:
287:
the Bezmer (c. 665–668) was the last Dulo ruler on the northern side of
1502:
Developing Cultural Identity in the Balkans: Convergence vs. Divergence
1314:
The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans
1122:
551:
62:
origin. It is generally considered that their elite was related to the
983:
981:
70:. Particularly, it is said that the Dulo descended from the rulers of
1801:
1738:
1525:
Golden, Peter B. (2005) "Khazarica: Notes on Some Khazar Terms", in
543:
1005:
1017:
978:
812:
356:
236:
132:
2143:
1836:
1662:
531:(1986), wondered if Dulo resulted from Slavicism of Turkic title
492:
383:
369:
348:
344:
295:(c. 700–721), and the last ruler of Bulgaria from the Dulo clan,
280:
240:
224:
156:
55:
1083:
649:. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
616:. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
441:
365:
288:
276:
272:
244:
232:
212:
136:
110:
92:
43:
1146:
433:?" yet still considers the Turkic association as speculative.
91:) claimed through descent from Attila through Irnik, possibly
1112:
1110:
591:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. pp. 66, 300.
488:
324:
296:
268:
252:
195:
144:
96:
932:
920:
1846:
814:
Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
63:
1107:
215:; c. 632–665), a member of the clan, revolted against the
614:
Late Antiquity : A Guide to the Postclassical World
354:
Some historians have even identified the Western qaghan
1134:
121:
Most of what is known about the clan is written in the
883:
839:
World and Its Peoples: Greece and the Eastern Balkans
689:
Raymond Detrez, Pieter Plas, Peter Lang, 2005, p. 29
612:
Bowersock, G. W.; Brown, Peter; Grabar, Oleg (1999).
1585:, in Lester K. Little; Barbara H. Rosenwein (eds.),
1583:"Conceptions of Ethnicity in Early Medieval Studies"
1371:
1369:
1367:
841:. New York: Marshall Cavendish. 2010. p. 1474.
611:
554:, is named after the Bulgarian ruling dynasty Dulo.
203:
Dulo clan in connection with them; according to the
194:
under Irnik was considered the third son of Attila,
645:Luttwak, Edward (2009). "Bulghars and Bulgarians".
1174:
1364:
1066:East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000-1500
2210:
1529:, ed. Lars Johanson, Harrassowitz Verlag, p. 215
1177:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250
775:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 97.
671:
519:, no such Hunnic word is attested. According to
789:
1495:
1419:
1754:
1647:
1587:Debating the Middle Ages: Issues and Readings
1661:
1310:
953:
951:
949:
947:
772:Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages
768:
507:as partly Slavicized form. Simeonov derived
401:surmises that the Xiongnu tribal surname 獨孤
1212:. Cambridge University Press. p. 261.
1002:, p. 11–12; 281, Book I; Appendix III.
741:. Cambridge University Press. p. 261.
734:
503:(big, powerful, giant; war horse), and saw
1761:
1747:
1654:
1640:
1458:
1423:Teoderico e i Goti tra oriente e occidente
647:The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire
1553:
1491:
1489:
1454:
1452:
1396:Khazaria in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1209:The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia
1140:
1116:
1035:
957:
944:
901:
738:The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia
707:
527:denotes "widow, widower". Golden, citing
1593:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1336:
1334:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1152:
1128:
1101:
1089:
1023:
1011:
999:
987:
938:
926:
864:
714:. Brill. pp. 92, 147–148, 71, 111.
38:
1600:A History of the First Bulgarian Empire
1440:
1392:
1181:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
1104:, p. 11–12, 280–281, Appendix III.
869:. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 9.
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
644:
14:
2211:
1768:
1614:The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe
1589:, Blackwell Publishers, pp. 13–24
1486:
1449:
1340:
1311:Curta, Florin; Kovalev, Roman (2008).
1249:
1226:
1062:
807:
764:
762:
760:
758:
577:
575:
573:
571:
515:(mounted, horseman), yet according to
343:(ten arrows), the five Duolu and five
1742:
1635:
1381:
1331:
1279:
1205:
1169:
1158:
860:
858:
165:(ancestral; grandfather) and Turkish
1577:
1039:Word and Power in Mediaeval Bulgaria
904:Word and Power in Mediaeval Bulgaria
795:
692:
581:
444:in the name of the whole community.
81:(632–668) and the first half of the
1607:
1375:
889:
755:
677:
568:
116:
85:(681–1018), in their prince lists (
24:
1539:Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica:
1069:. University of Washington Press.
855:
131:lists as the first ruler mythical
25:
2230:
728:
54:clan was a ruling dynasty of the
1350:. Ashgate/Variorum. p. 71.
1131:, p. 280–281, Appendix III.
124:Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans
88:Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans
1532:
1519:
1413:
1304:
1273:
1199:
1056:
1029:
895:
831:
801:
711:Byzantium and Bulgaria, 775–831
417:) possibly reflects underlying
77:The royal family and rulers of
1617:. Cambridge University Press.
906:. Leiden: BRILL. p. 218.
683:
638:
605:
13:
1:
1603:. G. Bell & Sons, London.
1399:. Brill. pp. 50, 52–53.
1014:, p. 11–12, 281, Book I.
557:
463:branch and related to modern
1026:, p. 281, Appendix III.
990:, p. 280, Appendix III.
482:
7:
1470:Jessica Kingsley Publishers
964:. Brill. pp. 255–257.
487:B. Zhivkov emphasized that
299:(c. 721–737). According to
223:on the territory of modern
10:
2235:
1547:
1505:. Peter Lang. p. 29.
1280:Brook, Kevin Alan (2006).
182:, the mythological divine
31:
2167:
2132:
1964:
1915:
1776:
1673:
865:Hupchick, Dennis (2017).
708:Sophoulis, Panos (2011).
538:
335:(552–581) was during the
327:(or To-lu) tribes of the
310:
1288:Rowman & Littlefield
1092:, p. 11–12, Book I.
1063:Sedlar, Jean W. (2011).
1036:Biliarsky, Ivan (2011).
958:Biliarsky, Ivan (2013).
902:Biliarsky, Ivan (2011).
562:
68:Western Turkic Khaganate
1420:Antonio Carile (1995).
1393:Zhivkov, Boris (2015).
1155:, p. 2–24, Book I.
155:, as well the story of
1465:Bulgarian Folk Customs
1317:. Brill. p. 288.
1042:. Brill. p. 218.
333:First Turkic Khaganate
319:, and was prompted by
83:First Bulgarian Empire
47:
2171:(1878–1908) and
1728:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1426:. Longo. p. 28.
1206:Sinor, Denis (1990).
941:, p. 12, Book I.
929:, p. 11, Book I.
769:Sanping Chen (2012).
42:
34:Dulo (disambiguation)
1283:The Jews of Khazaria
735:Denis Sinor (1990).
583:Fine, John V. A. Jr.
32:For other uses, see
2133:Rebels against the
1916:Rebels against the
1555:Zlatarski, Vasil N.
451:(also found in the
151:stories around the
2074:Theodore Svetoslav
1770:Bulgarian monarchs
1472:. pp. 21–22.
1460:MacDermott, Mercia
892:, p. 59, 142.
221:Old Great Bulgaria
79:Old Great Bulgaria
72:Old Great Bulgaria
48:
2206:
2205:
2176:(1908–1946)
2027:Constantine I Tih
1968:(1185–1422)
1955:Constantine Bodin
1736:
1735:
1433:978-88-8063-057-9
1256:Oq and Oğur~Oğuz*
656:978-0-674-05420-2
548:Livingston Island
471:Aleksandar Burmov
437:Mercia MacDermott
337:Göktürk civil war
317:Mikhail Artamonov
231:to the shadow of
46:of the Dulo clan.
16:(Redirected from
2226:
2151:Ivan Shishman II
2084:Michael Asen III
2079:George Terter II
1780:(680–1018)
1763:
1756:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1604:
1595:Runciman, Steven
1590:
1574:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1527:Turkic Languages
1523:
1517:
1516:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1456:
1447:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1417:
1411:
1410:
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1362:
1361:
1342:Golden, Peter B.
1338:
1329:
1328:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1261:
1251:Golden, Peter B.
1247:
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1203:
1197:
1196:
1180:
1167:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1119:, p. 79–80.
1114:
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1087:
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1080:
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1054:
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853:
852:
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809:Golden, Peter B.
805:
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732:
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705:
690:
687:
681:
675:
669:
668:
642:
636:
635:
609:
603:
602:
579:
511:from Old Hunnic
386:ruling house 屠各
257:Balkan Macedonia
219:and founded the
184:ancestor-creator
153:Eurasian Steppes
117:Research history
95:'s attested son
21:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2172:
2163:
2128:
2099:Michael Asen IV
2054:George Terter I
2039:Michael Asen II
2033:Jacob Svetoslav
2010:Kaliman Asen II
1960:
1911:
1772:
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541:
517:Peter B. Golden
485:
449:Bulgar calendar
399:Peter B. Golden
380:Omeljan Pritsak
313:
265:Danube Bulgaria
217:Pannonian Avars
200:Vasil Zlatarski
141:Steven Runciman
119:
101:Eurasian Steppe
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2154:
2147:
2139:
2137:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2124:Constantine II
2121:
2116:
2111:
2109:Ivan Sratsimir
2106:
2101:
2096:
2094:Ivan Alexander
2091:
2086:
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2066:
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2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2029:
2024:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2005:Michael Asen I
2002:
2000:Kaliman Asen I
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1922:
1920:
1913:
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1907:Ivan Vladislav
1904:
1902:Gavril Radomir
1899:
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1518:
1511:
1497:Raymond Detrez
1485:
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457:Raymond Detrez
429:"tribe of the
312:
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249:Volga Bulgaria
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58:, who were of
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2114:Ivan Shishman
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2049:Ivan Asen III
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1966:Second Empire
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1609:Kim, Hyun Jin
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1149:
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1142:
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939:Runciman 1930
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371:
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351:and Bulgars.
350:
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329:Western Turks
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149:Old Testament
146:
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45:
41:
35:
27:
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2169:Principality
2158:Rostislav II
2156:
2149:
2142:
2104:Ivan Asen IV
2089:Ivan Stephen
2031:
2019:
1995:Ivan Asen II
1953:
1946:
1939:
1934:Petar Delyan
1932:
1925:
1778:First Empire
1677:
1663:Royal houses
1613:
1599:
1586:
1579:Pohl, Walter
1559:
1534:
1526:
1521:
1501:
1464:
1442:
1422:
1415:
1395:
1346:
1313:
1306:
1282:
1275:
1264:the original
1255:
1208:
1201:
1176:
1148:
1136:
1124:
1097:
1085:
1065:
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1031:
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791:
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685:
673:
646:
640:
613:
607:
587:
542:
529:Lajos Ligeti
524:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:from Turkic
496:
486:
476:Gyula Németh
469:
452:
446:
435:
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422:
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394:
387:
378:
355:
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210:
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128:
122:
120:
104:
86:
76:
51:
49:
26:
2188:Ferdinand I
2183:Alexander I
2119:Ivan Asen V
2021:Rostislav I
1980:Ivan Asen I
392:Old Chinese
362:Külüg Sibir
321:Lev Gumilev
235:mountains:
229:Volga river
29:Bulgar Clan
2015:Mitso Asen
1927:Presian II
1918:Byzantines
1723:Battenberg
1688:Cometopuli
1541:Dulo Hill.
1219:0521243041
748:0521243041
558:References
552:Antarctica
521:G. Clauson
301:Theophanes
283:). In the
2219:Dulo clan
2198:Simeon II
2193:Boris III
1862:Presian I
1802:Kormisosh
1713:Sratsimir
796:Pohl 1998
665:648760614
585:(1991) .
544:Dulo Hill
483:Etymology
453:Nominalia
285:Nominalia
205:Nominalia
192:Nominalia
171:Nominalia
139:the Hun.
129:Nominalia
18:Dulo clan
2213:Category
2135:Ottomans
1975:Peter II
1887:Boris II
1877:Simeon I
1872:Vladimir
1708:Shishman
1667:Bulgaria
1611:(2013).
1597:(1930).
1581:(1998),
1557:(1918).
1499:(2005).
1462:(1998).
1376:Kim 2013
1344:(2003).
1253:(2012),
1173:(2006).
890:Kim 2013
811:(2011).
678:Kim 2013
632:41076344
513:dul + lu
415:d'o-klâk
409:) or 屠各
407:d'uk-kuo
395:d'o-klâk
305:Teletzes
261:Asparukh
133:Avitohol
66:and the
2174:Kingdom
2144:Fruzhin
2064:Ivan II
2059:Smilets
1985:Kaloyan
1948:Alusian
1941:Tihomir
1882:Peter I
1867:Boris I
1857:Malamir
1852:Omurtag
1837:Telerig
1787:Asparuh
1718:Ottoman
1698:Smilets
1548:Sources
550:, near
501:dul/tul
493:Nushibi
465:Chuvash
461:Oghuric
384:Xiongnu
370:Khazars
364:) with
357:Moheduo
349:Onogurs
345:Nushibi
281:Isernia
241:Ukraine
225:Ukraine
180:founder
176:creator
157:Japheth
56:Bulgars
2044:Ivaylo
1897:Samuel
1842:Kardam
1812:Telets
1792:Tervel
1703:Terter
1621:
1567:
1509:
1476:
1430:
1403:
1354:
1321:
1294:
1216:
1189:
1185:, 85.
1073:
1046:
968:
910:
873:
845:
821:
779:
745:
718:
663:
653:
630:
620:
595:
539:Legacy
509:*Dullu
442:Tangra
427:Tuğlağ
419:Turkic
413:(<
405:(<
376:clan.
374:Ashina
366:Organa
331:. The
311:Origin
293:Tervel
289:Danube
277:Bojano
273:Sepino
267:) and
245:Kotrag
237:Bezmer
233:Matese
213:Kubrat
211:Kurt (
162:Avitus
137:Attila
127:. The
111:Tangra
93:Attila
60:Turkic
44:Tamgha
2069:Chaka
1990:Boril
1892:Roman
1832:Pagan
1827:Toktu
1817:Sabin
1807:Vineh
1797:Sevar
1267:(PDF)
1260:(PDF)
563:Notes
489:Duolu
423:Tuğqu
325:Duolu
297:Sevar
269:Alcek
253:Kuber
196:Ernak
145:Irnik
97:Ernak
1847:Krum
1822:Umor
1693:Asen
1683:Krum
1678:Dulo
1619:ISBN
1565:ISBN
1507:ISBN
1474:ISBN
1428:ISBN
1401:ISBN
1352:ISBN
1319:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1214:ISBN
1187:ISBN
1071:ISBN
1044:ISBN
966:ISBN
908:ISBN
871:ISBN
843:ISBN
819:ISBN
777:ISBN
743:ISBN
716:ISBN
661:OCLC
651:ISBN
628:OCLC
618:ISBN
593:ISBN
533:Yula
505:Dulo
497:Dulu
491:and
425:or *
411:Tuge
403:Dugu
390:(in
388:Tuge
341:Onoq
178:and
167:Awit
106:Khan
64:Huns
52:Dulo
50:The
1665:of
546:on
525:tul
431:tuğ
259:),
251:),
243:),
2215::
1488:^
1468:.
1451:^
1383:^
1366:^
1333:^
1286:.
1228:^
1183:79
1160:^
1109:^
980:^
946:^
857:^
757:^
694:^
659:.
626:.
570:^
467:.
279:,
275:,
198:.
113:.
1762:e
1755:t
1748:v
1655:e
1648:t
1641:v
1627:.
1573:.
1515:.
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1222:.
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1079:.
1052:.
974:.
916:.
879:.
851:.
827:.
798:.
785:.
751:.
724:.
667:.
634:.
601:.
421:*
360:(
271:(
263:(
255:(
247:(
239:(
36:.
20:)
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