595:"What really is important," Duarte Leite says, "is to know whether Pacheco arrived in Brazil before Alvares Cabral (April 22, 1500). In agreement with Luciano Pereira, such modern Portuguese historians as Faustino da Fonseca, Brito Rebelo, Lopes de Mendonça, and Jaime Cortesão say he did. . . as does Vignaud; and I believe he does not lack supporters in Brazil." "However," says Leite, "if Pacheco did discover areas east of the Line of Demarcation and did bring back news of this to Manuel , the reason which induced Don Manuel to keep secret. . . such an important discovery escapes me. As soon as Cabral returned in 1501, Manuel announced the discovery of Brazil to Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. Why would he not in 1499, after the return of
383:
484:, he was slandered by his enemies at court with accusations of theft and corruption. He was recalled to the capital and briefly imprisoned until he was exonerated by the Crown being proved innocent. But the damage was done as he had lost his governorship. Although he was acquitted his protector, King João II of Portugal had died and been replaced by a king who didn't acknowledge the value of Duarte Pacheco. Duarte Pacheco had served the previous king as a squire, and had served King Manuel merely as a high ranking servant. His distance from
1013:
ajacentes a ella, que se estende a setente graaos de ladeza da linha equinoçial contra ho pollo artico e posto que seja asaz fora, he grandemente pouorada, e do mesmo circulo equinocial torna outra vez e vay alem em vinte e oito graaos e meo de ladeza contra ho pollo antartico, e tanto se dilata sua grandeza e corre com muita longura, que de hûa parte nem da outra foy visto nem sabido ho fim e cabo della; pello qual segundo ha hordem que leua, he certo que vay en cercoyto por toda a
Redondeza.
25:
454:, which played a critical importance in the course of the Battle of Cochin, and carefully took notes on the timing of the tides. Pacheco is said to have been the first to notice their connection to the moon and to establish rules for predicting the progress of tides by reference to lunar observations. He also sifted through his data to correct and improve astronomical observations (notably correcting the average daily deviation of the moon from the
78:
360:). Having only 150 Portuguese and a small number of Malabarese auxiliaries at his disposal, Cochin was vastly outnumbered by the Zamorin's army of 60,000. Nonetheless, by clever positioning, individual heroics and a lot of luck, Duarte Pacheco successfully resisted attacks for five months, until the humiliated Zamorin finally called off his forces. His son Lisuarte (or Jusarte) took a leading part in the fight.
599:, make a similar announcement if Pacheco had already discovered Brazil? No objection could come on the part of Spain, given the division made by the Treaty of Tordesillas, as indeed none came in 1501 when Cabral's discovery was announced. I am persuaded that Pacheco neither discovered Brazil in 1498 nor was present two years later at its discovery by Cabral."
556:
greatness of the Ocean, has been discovered and navigated; this distant land is densely populated and extends 28° degrees on the other side of the
Equator towards the Antarctic Pole. Such is its greatness and length that on either side its end has not been seen or known, so that it is certain that it goes round the whole globe.
300:
Pacheco
Pereira was the son of João Pacheco and Isabel Pereira. In his youth he served as the King of Portugal's personal squire. In the year of 1475, having graduated with honors, he was awarded a study fellowship from the monarch himself. Later on, in 1488 he explored the west coast of Africa. His
1012:
Bemauenturado Príncipe, temos sabido e visto como no terceiro anno de vosso
Reinado do hanno de nosso senhor de 1498, donde nos vossa alteza mandou descobrir a parte oucidental, passando alem ha grandeza do mar oceano, onde he achada a navegada hûa tão grande terra firme, com muitas e grandes ilhas
555:
Most fortunate Prince, we have known and seen how in the third year of your reign in the year of Our Lord 1498, in which your
Highness ordered us to discover the Western region, a very large landmass with many large islands adjacent, extending 70° North of the Equator, and located beyond the
404:, which has been described as one of the first major scientific works "reporting on what was observed and experimented in the newly 'discovered' environment." Never completed, it was not published until 1892, possibly to avoid giving others information about Portugal's valuable Guinea trade.
564:, but it has since been lost. He said: “for the better understanding of our work, we have set here a painted map of the world, with the shape and description of these lands”. The 1519 world map by
320:
The knowledge he collected from Dias expedition as well as his own explorations granted him the post of official geographer of the
Portuguese monarch. In 1494 he signed the Pope-sanctioned
492:
1023:“por que melhor se possa entender esta nossa obra, posemos aqui pintado hum mapa mundy da feiçam e descripsam d’estas terras”; Raphael Eduardo de Azaveda Basta,
804:
576:(Atlantic and Indian Oceans) enclosed by the continental Earth. The world map compiled in 1513 from Portuguese sources by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer
800:
1053:
Lisboa, Serviço de Educação-Fundação
Calouste Gulbenkian, 1991, pp.23-24; Max Justo Guedes, “A carta náutica de Piri Reis (Piri Reis Haritasi), 1513”,
488:
and his success meant he had many enemies abroad, and few friends in the capital to defend him. He lived off a pension from the King until his death.
363:
For his exploits in the defense of Cochin, Duarte
Pacheco was given a grant of arms by the Trimumpara Raja of Cochin, and greeted with honors by King
715:, ed. 69-70 (1967), p. 513. Eurípedes Simões de Paula, Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de História, Sociedade de Estudos Históricos (Brazil)
1120:
983:
847:
922:
A Commentary on Duarte
Pacheco Pereira's Account of the Lower Guinea Coastlands in His "Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis," and on Some Other Early Accounts
677:
337:
934:
375:
His diary (1506), preserved in the
Portuguese National Archive (Torre do Tombo), is probably the first European document to acknowledge that
682:
1145:
540:
1079:
503:. With the anticipation of more than two centuries, the cosmographer was responsible for calculating the value of the degree of the
1150:
1115:
446:
Duarte Pacheco Pereira was probably one of the first early modern Europeans to scientifically study the relationship between the
419:
might have been the name (or nickname) of the ship Duarte Pacheco sailed to India, that it is a corruption of the Spanish word
1125:
1075:
905:
407:(The meaning of the 'esmeraldo' in the title has been much speculated. Among the proposals, it is a reference to the
872:
623:
João Fernandes Pacheco, who married Dona Maria da Silva, without issue and had a bastard daughter married with issue
615:
He married Antónia de Albuquerque, daughter of Jorge Garcês and wife Isabel de Albuquerque Galvão, only daughter of
832:
Wilks, Ivor. Wangara, Akan, and Portuguese in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (1997). Bakewell, Peter (ed.).
831:
1010:, Part I, ch. I, translated and edited by George Herbert Tinley Kimble, London: 1937, p. 12. Original Portuguese:
292:. His accomplishments in strategic warfare, exploration, mathematics and astronomy were of an exceptional level.
984:
https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/pereira-duarte-pacheco
963:
1140:
811:
in 1444/45. See Armando Cortesão (1931) "Subsídios para a história do Descobrimento de Cabo Verde e Guiné",
1105:
637:
1135:
348:, a Portuguese protectorate in India, from a series of attacks between March and July 1504 by the ruling
46:
965:
Title; Conquerors, Author: Roger Crowley, Publisher: Random House; 1st edition, Page: 157-160 year: 2015
1130:
1110:
665:
536:
37:
301:
expedition fell ill with fever and lost their ship. Pacheco Pereira was rescued from the island of
461:
In 1508, Duarte Pacheco was commissioned by the Portuguese king to give chase to Mondragon French
670:
392:
357:
229:
1038:
Classical Models of World Geography and their Transformation following the Discovery of America,
507:
with a margin of error of only 4%, when the current error at the time varied between 7 and 15%.
42:
994:
Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de História, Sociedade de Estudos Históricos (Brazil),
587:, historians Bailey Wallys, Boyd Shafer and George Winius, based in the Portuguese historian
820:
560:
Pereira drew a map of the world setting out this concept and referred to in chapter 5 of the
341:
321:
96:
1100:
1095:
412:
364:
117:
481:
8:
724:
515:
It has also been suggested that Duarte Pacheco Pereira may have discovered the coasts of
408:
382:
281:
265:
249:
174:
162:
699:
917:
841:
803:, a treasurer of the Casa de Ceuta, who famously outfitted the slave-raiding fleet of
1071:
974:
Mathew, K.N. (1988) History of the Portuguese Navigation in India. New Delhi: Mittal.
901:
868:
500:
458:) and constructing nautical measurements to be used by future Portuguese navigators.
376:
314:
219:
386:
Portuguese presence in India and Bengal Gulf at max extent (16th and 17th centuries)
532:
470:
616:
862:
799:
Portuguese historian Armando Cortesão asserts that Duarte Pacheco was the son of
474:
310:
397:
306:
277:
729:
551:, written by Duarte Pacheco Pereira, which gives the following brief account:
1089:
893:
808:
607:
is the first European navigation script book to mention the coast of Brazil.
596:
491:
According to one of its most important biographers, the Portuguese historian
92:
588:
543:
in April 1500, making him the first known European explorer of present-day
528:
504:
411:
of the sea; that it is an anagram combining the names 'Emmanuel' (for King
24:
273:
77:
516:
302:
619:
by first wife Catarina de Sousa e Albuquerque, and had eight children:
565:
577:
462:
424:
353:
524:
469:
and the Portuguese coast, where they attacked the ships coming from
898:
Mathematics across cultures: the history of non-western mathematics
324:, which shared the non-Christian world between Portugal and Spain.
269:
256:
547:. This claim is based on interpretations of the cipher manuscript
633:
627:
428:
349:
539:
in January 1500, and of Diego de Lepe in February 1500; and the
520:
332:
In 1503 Duarte Pacheco Pereira departed for India as captain of
1051:
As fontes de Duarte Pacheco Pereira no Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis,
952:
The Portuguese in West Africa, 1415-1670: A documentary history
544:
531:
in 1498, preceding the possible landings of the expeditions of
496:
485:
466:
345:
285:
158:
836:. Aldershot: Variorum, Ashgate Publishing Limited. p. 13.
755:
The Lusiad of Camoens translated into English Spencerian verse
390:
Between 1505 and 1508 Duarte Pacheco Pereira composed a book,
1066:
Diffie, Bailey Wallys; Boyd C. Shafer; George Davison Winius
935:
A decifração de um enigma: o título “Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis”
289:
443:
is a pun on his own name (thus, "Pacheco's De Situ Orbis").
451:
447:
626:
Jerónimo Pacheco, who died unmarried and without issue in
580:
is a map of this type, apparently derived from Pereira's.
367:
and public festivities upon his return to Lisbon in 1505.
455:
499:
in the 1960s, Duarte Pacheco was a genius comparable to
1040:
Walter De Gruyter, Berlin & New York, 1994, p.64.
655:
Lisuarte Pacheco, a bastard son according to records.
473:. Duarte Pacheco located and cornered Mondragon off
344:. In 1504, he was placed in charge of the defence of
1027:, Lisboa, Impresa Nacional, 1892, Capitolo 5, p.10.
1025:
Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis, por Duarte Pacheco Pereira
954:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, p.44
774:Shall groan oppressed beneath the burthen great,
772:Shall feel, and all the vessel's beams and frame
1087:
632:Maria de Albuquerque, married to João da Silva,
1068:Foundations of the Portuguese empire, 1415-1580
864:Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580
678:5th Portuguese India Armada (Albuquerque, 1503)
591:and other authors, make the following comment:
585:Foundations of the Portuguese empire, 1415-1580
510:
770:When he embarks, the surging waves his weight
764:The weight it bears the ocean shall not know,
924:"History in Africa", Vol. 7 (1980), pp. 47-80
846:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
776:And in the water sink below its usual state.
683:Controversies about the discovery of Brazil
640:, and had a daughter married and with issue
610:
415:) and 'Eduardus' (of Duarte Pacheco), that
276:. He travelled particularly in the central
766:That great Pacheco who shall justly claim
748:Quando mais n' água os troncos que gemerem
698:, 1892 edition, Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional.
313:when Dias was returning from rounding the
76:
1070:University of Minnesota Press, Nov 1977
834:Mines of Silver and Gold in the Americas
477:in 1509, and defeated and captured him.
381:
1121:Captain-majors of Portuguese Gold Coast
825:
760:She sang how in his ship a man would go
753:Translation by Robert Ffrench Duff, in
1088:
768:Of Portuguese Achilles' glorious name;
762:From Belem to avenge the cruel shame.
813:Boletim da Agencia Geral das Colonias
733:(first printed in 1572), Canto X, 12:
248:
740:Sem saber o que em si ao mar traria,
480:Later in life, while away governing
18:
16:Portuguese explorer (c. 1460 – 1533)
379:built their own rudimentary tools.
327:
272:sea captain, soldier, explorer and
13:
568:set out this concept, showing the
14:
1162:
1146:15th-century Portuguese explorers
867:. University of Minnesota Press.
746:O curvo lenho e o férvido Oceano,
744:O peso sentirão, quando entraria,
742:O grão Pacheco, Aquiles Lusitano.
284:islands, along the coast of West
860:
815:, No. 75, as reprinted in 1975,
694:Duarte Pacheco Pereira (c.1509)
336:, one of the three ships in the
250:[duˈaɾtɨpɐˈʃekupɨˈɾɐjɾɐ]
23:
1060:
1057:, 17 (1) jan.-jun. 2009, p.104.
1043:
1030:
1017:
1001:
988:
977:
968:
957:
944:
750:Contra sua natureza se meterem.
1151:16th-century Portuguese people
1116:Portuguese Renaissance writers
1049:Joaquim Barradas de Carvalho,
927:
911:
887:
854:
793:
780:
738:Em Belém o remédio deste dano,
718:
706:
370:
253:; c. 1460 – 1533), called the
1:
933:Barradas de Carvalho (1964),
736:E canta como lá se embarcaria
688:
295:
1126:Maritime history of Portugal
527:island and the mouth of the
511:Possible discovery of Brazil
493:Joaquim Barradas de Carvalho
172:1533 (aged 72–73)
7:
659:
465:which operated between the
423:(meaning "guide"), that in
36:to comply with Knowledge's
10:
1167:
998:(1965), ed. 61-64, p. 350
666:First Luso-Malabarese War
603:Duarte Pacheco Pereira's
246:Portuguese pronunciation:
235:
225:
215:
210:
188:
180:
168:
152:
147:
143:
133:
123:
113:
102:
91:
87:
75:
68:
788:The forgotten Portuguese
611:Marriage and descendants
495:, who lived in exile in
49:may contain suggestions.
34:may need to be rewritten
1055:Anais do Museu Paulista
1008:Esmeraldo de situ orbis
900:Springer (31 Oct 2000)
861:Diffie, Bailey (1977).
696:Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis
671:Battle of Cochin (1504)
605:Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis
549:Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis
393:Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis
358:Battle of Cochin (1504)
601:
558:
450:and the phases of the
387:
242:Duarte Pacheco Pereira
192:João Fernandes Pacheco
184:Antónia de Albuquerque
82:Duarte Pacheco Pereira
70:Duarte Pacheco Pereira
1141:16th century in Ghana
643:Isabel de Albuquerque
593:
553:
431:gemstone is known as
385:
342:Afonso de Albuquerque
322:Treaty of Tordesillas
198:Isabel de Albuquerque
139:Afonso de Albuquerque
97:Portuguese Gold Coast
807:that devastated the
570:OCEANUS MERIDIONALIS
537:Vicente Yáñez Pinzon
413:Manuel I of Portugal
365:Manuel I of Portugal
317:for the first time.
196:Maria de Albuquerque
129:Fernão Lopes Correia
118:Manuel I of Portugal
1106:Explorers of Africa
996:Revista de História
939:Revista de história
713:Revista de História
541:Cabral's expedition
175:Kingdom of Portugal
163:Kingdom of Portugal
1136:People from Lisbon
950:M. Newitt, (2010)
918:John Donnelly Fage
819:, vol. 1, Coimbra.
805:Dinis Eanes de Grã
388:
1131:History of Kerala
1111:Explorers of Asia
1076:978-0-8166-0782-2
906:978-0-7923-6481-8
501:Leonardo da Vinci
482:São Jorge da Mina
315:Cape of Good Hope
239:
238:
220:Portuguese Empire
64:
63:
38:quality standards
1158:
1081:
1064:
1058:
1047:
1041:
1036:W.G.L. Randles,
1034:
1028:
1021:
1015:
1005:
999:
992:
986:
981:
975:
972:
966:
961:
955:
948:
942:
931:
925:
915:
909:
891:
885:
884:
882:
881:
858:
852:
851:
845:
837:
829:
823:
797:
791:
784:
778:
757:(1880), p. 365:
722:
716:
710:
533:Amerigo Vespucci
471:Portuguese India
328:Pacheco in India
262:Aquiles Lusitano
252:
247:
230:Battle of Cochin
211:Military service
206:Lisuarte Pacheco
194:Jerónimo Pacheco
148:Personal details
136:
126:
107:
80:
66:
65:
59:
56:
50:
27:
19:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1065:
1061:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1018:
1006:
1002:
993:
989:
982:
978:
973:
969:
962:
958:
949:
945:
941:28(58):339–348.
932:
928:
916:
912:
892:
888:
879:
877:
875:
859:
855:
839:
838:
830:
826:
801:Gonçalo Pacheco
798:
794:
785:
781:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
758:
752:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
734:
723:
719:
711:
707:
691:
662:
613:
513:
475:Cape Finisterre
373:
330:
311:Bartolomeu Dias
298:
245:
205:
203:
201:
199:
197:
195:
193:
173:
157:
134:
124:
108:
103:
83:
71:
60:
54:
51:
41:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1164:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1083:
1082:
1059:
1042:
1029:
1016:
1000:
987:
976:
967:
956:
943:
926:
910:
894:Selin, Helaine
886:
873:
853:
824:
792:
790:(1998), p. 153
779:
725:Luís de Camões
717:
704:
703:
702:
690:
687:
686:
685:
680:
675:
674:
673:
661:
658:
657:
656:
653:
652:Duarte Pacheco
650:
649:Gaspar Pacheco
647:
646:Garcia Pacheco
644:
641:
630:
624:
612:
609:
583:In their book
512:
509:
398:Pomponius Mela
396:, inspired on
372:
369:
334:Espírito Santo
329:
326:
307:Gulf of Guinea
297:
294:
278:Atlantic Ocean
264:) by the poet
237:
236:
233:
232:
227:
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
208:
207:
204:Duarte Pacheco
202:Gaspar Pacheco
200:Garcia Pacheco
190:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
170:
166:
165:
154:
150:
149:
145:
144:
141:
140:
137:
131:
130:
127:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
100:
99:
89:
88:
85:
84:
81:
73:
72:
69:
62:
61:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1163:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1039:
1033:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1009:
1004:
997:
991:
985:
980:
971:
964:
960:
953:
947:
940:
936:
930:
923:
919:
914:
907:
903:
899:
895:
890:
876:
874:0-8166-0782-6
870:
866:
865:
857:
849:
843:
835:
828:
822:
818:
814:
810:
809:Bay of Arguin
806:
802:
796:
789:
783:
777:
756:
751:
732:
731:
726:
721:
714:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
692:
684:
681:
679:
676:
672:
669:
668:
667:
664:
663:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
635:
631:
629:
625:
622:
621:
620:
618:
617:Duarte Galvão
608:
606:
600:
598:
597:Vasco da Gama
592:
590:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:emerald green
405:
403:
402:De situ Orbis
399:
395:
394:
384:
380:
378:
368:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
325:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:
251:
243:
234:
231:
228:
224:
221:
218:
214:
209:
191:
187:
183:
179:
176:
171:
167:
164:
160:
155:
151:
146:
142:
138:
132:
128:
122:
119:
116:
112:
106:
101:
98:
94:
93:Captain-major
90:
86:
79:
74:
67:
58:
55:February 2022
48:
44:
39:
35:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1067:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1037:
1032:
1024:
1019:
1011:
1007:
1003:
995:
990:
979:
970:
959:
951:
946:
938:
929:
921:
913:
897:
889:
878:. Retrieved
863:
856:
833:
827:
816:
812:
795:
787:
786:Manuel Mira
782:
759:
754:
735:
728:
720:
712:
708:
695:
614:
604:
602:
594:
589:Duarte Leite
584:
582:
574:INDICUM MARE
573:
569:
561:
559:
554:
548:
535:in 1499, of
529:Amazon River
514:
505:meridian arc
490:
479:
460:
445:
440:
436:
432:
420:
416:
406:
401:
391:
389:
374:
362:
338:fleet headed
333:
331:
319:
299:
280:west of the
274:cartographer
261:
254:
241:
240:
226:Battles/wars
135:Succeeded by
104:
52:
43:You can help
33:
1101:1533 deaths
1096:1460 births
730:The Lusiads
439:, and thus
377:chimpanzees
371:After India
255:Portuguese
125:Preceded by
1090:Categories
880:2011-08-15
689:References
566:Lopo Homem
296:Background
282:Cape Verde
270:Portuguese
216:Allegiance
842:cite book
578:Piri Reis
562:Esmeraldo
463:privateer
441:Esmeraldo
425:Malayalam
417:Esmeralda
109:1519–1522
105:In office
47:talk page
817:Esparsos
660:See also
636:-Mór of
517:Maranhão
421:esmerado
303:Príncipe
268:, was a
257:Achilles
189:Children
1078:p. 452
896:, ed.,
634:Alcaide
628:Tangier
429:emerald
356:. (see
354:Calicut
350:Zamorin
305:in the
288:and to
114:Monarch
1074:
904:
871:
700:online
545:Brazil
525:Marajó
497:Brazil
486:Lisbon
467:Azores
437:pachec
346:Cochin
286:Africa
266:Camões
181:Spouse
159:Lisbon
45:. The
727:, in
638:Soure
448:tides
433:pache
427:, an
290:India
1072:ISBN
908:p.86
902:ISBN
869:ISBN
848:link
821:p.10
572:and
523:and
521:Pará
452:moon
169:Died
156:1460
153:Born
456:sun
435:or
400:'s
352:of
340:by
309:by
95:of
1092::
937:,
920:,
844:}}
840:{{
519:,
161:,
883:.
850:)
260:(
244:(
57:)
53:(
40:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
