1122:
44:
134:
The drought created huge losses for cultivations of potato, rice, maize, beans. Fruit trees and vineyards were also affected. 100 thousand cattle and 1 million sheep died because of the drought. Milk, meat and wool output declined. By
September 1969 only 250 thousand goats remained from an earlier
122:
The drought faced by Chile between 1968, known as the Great
Drought of 1968, was one of the largest rainfall deficits in the country during the twentieth century, comparable only to the drought of 1924. The drought had its origin in the low amounts of precipitation that fell in 1967. The area
153:
In
Central Chile, typical river flow increases in December, but this did not happen in 1968. Chile many farmers decided to not cultivate in early summer due to this and to the known fact there was almost no snow in Andes. Later in summer the rivers did grow due to
235:
274:. The sale of water rights has been blamed as a primary factor leading to lower water levels in some areas. Chile began to experience a drought in 2010 and by 2020, precipitation was 20–45% of average nationally and 10–20% of average in the area of
214:
was far below previous record lows: in
Valdivia only 1,033.8 millimetres or 40.70 inches fell and in ConcepciĂłn just 598.6 millimetres or 23.57 inches, whereas the lowest before 1996 had been 674 millimetres (26.54 in) in 1924.
1243:
881:
1253:
1223:
1086:
1248:
142:, many farmers and communities came to lack water even for human consumption. In 1969 farmers received support of several financial institutions and state agencies including tax exemptions and a
1163:
1228:
1006:
1076:
1178:
871:
1096:
941:
88:
80:
1218:
1168:
128:
84:
1271:
1233:
91:
70% of the wheat from non-irrigated land was lost while in irrigated areas the harvest loss was of 20%. The price of railroad transport of livestock to places south of
59:
The 1770–1782 period was one of general drought in
Central Chile with a total of three non-consecutive years of extreme drought. In 1772 vineyards and cropfields along
1288:
1276:
1266:
1213:
1183:
876:
1238:
1208:
1081:
1016:
951:
1203:
1198:
1193:
991:
1173:
176:
mine was not enough to supply the need and the government authorized the import of 50 thousand tons of coal from the United States, Poland, France and
Germany.
1188:
1111:
1056:
1026:
848:
1143:
1091:
1066:
1001:
986:
956:
838:
828:
813:
551:
1158:
1153:
1106:
1046:
1021:
1011:
966:
843:
818:
798:
1061:
1031:
971:
961:
823:
803:
1148:
1036:
1071:
996:
833:
173:
770:
626:
334:"Fluctuaciones climáticas en latitudes medias de América del Sur durante los últimos 1000 años: sus relaciones con la Oscilación del Sur"
596:
24:. In the more arid parts of Chile droughts are produced when there are low amounts of snow accumulation in the Andes. Chilean coastal
931:
916:
243:
266:
In 1981, Pinochet's government rewrote laws regulating water and water use rights (CĂłdigo de Aguas), granting the sale and
704:
1325:
341:
183:
of 1969–1970 the area affected by the drought diminished from previously spanning the latitudes of 27–36° S to 27–32° S.
1330:
763:
305:
114:. Later the intendant of Coquimbo claimed that about hundred people had left the province as result of the drought.
1340:
1335:
652:
63:
in
Santiago could not be irrigated. This drought led the authorities to begin the construction of the long-planned
558:
199:
1320:
528:
502:
1345:
1101:
909:
756:
255:
1315:
785:
627:"The mystery of a disappearing lake and the struggle over water rights in Chile | DW | 08.03.2022"
1310:
902:
195:
phenomenon affected Chile during 1 year until 1998. Sea temperatures were high in the
Pacific.
333:
35:
has been affected by long-term droughts in 1280–1450, 1570–1650, 1770–1820 and 2010–present.
477:
416:
946:
793:
224:
207:
169:
172:, Renca and Laguna Verde function at maximum capacity. National coal production from the
8:
1130:
1041:
859:
279:
32:
679:
485:
ACTAS DEL SEMINARIO REGIONAL SOBRE HIDROLOGIA DE SEQUIAS (Lima, 21-27 de julio de 1970)
278:. By 2022, Chile was ranked 16th of 164 for water stress in the world according to the
139:
96:
95:
was lowered by 40% as there was hardly any grass or plant buds for livestock to eat in
1051:
976:
180:
164:
The decline in hydroelectric power generation (The hydroelectric deficit was of 200
329:
263:
259:
124:
64:
47:
741:
705:"Chile announces unprecedented plan to ration water as drought enters 13th year"
234:
631:
143:
25:
597:"'Consequences will be dire': Chile's water crisis is reaching breaking point"
1304:
310:
267:
60:
107:
748:
710:
601:
271:
894:
246:
68:
203:
192:
161:, causing many farmers to repent albeit it was too late to cultivate.
1135:
50:
in picture begun to be built in 1772 in response to years of drought.
92:
1121:
275:
211:
165:
158:
43:
28:
without snow accumulation are particularly vulnerable to drought.
360:
155:
103:
21:
168:) was partly compensated by having the thermoelectric plants of
147:
111:
735:
17:
102:
Rural people in
Coquimbo Region flocked around the towns of
657:
417:"Algunos antecedentes hidrolĂłgicos de la sequĂa en Chile"
736:
Urrutia de HazbĂşn, Rosa; Lanza
Lazcano, Carlos (1993).
424:
Acta del Seminario Regional sobre HidrologĂa de SequĂas
206:. The energy shortage was worsened by problems in the
361:"La megasequĂa 2010-2019: una lecciĂłn para el futuro"
282:. In April 2022, Chile began a plan to ration water.
581:
Article 19, number 24, last paragraph (in Spanish).
414:
198:The drought of 1998 caused an energy shortage in
1302:
270:of water use rights in a manner similar to the
303:
910:
764:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
443:
441:
439:
401:
399:
397:
395:
299:
297:
295:
1244:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
883:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
778:
924:
385:
383:
381:
917:
903:
771:
757:
436:
392:
365:Center for Climate and Resilience Research
292:
210:driven by natural gas. Annual rainfall in
496:
494:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
378:
328:
117:
42:
322:
218:
1303:
591:
589:
587:
523:
521:
491:
460:
457:Urrutia & Lanza 1993, pp. 337-340.
405:Urrutia & Lanza 1993, pp. 201-203.
306:"El agua en las zonas áridas de Chile"
38:
898:
752:
621:
619:
123:affected by the drought spanned from
54:
475:
389:Urrutia & Lanza 1993, pp. 67-68.
584:
518:
500:
342:Revista Chilena de Historia Natural
13:
653:"A Strained Water System in Chile"
645:
616:
186:
74:
14:
1357:
79:In 1924 a drought spread between
1120:
1087:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
738:Catástrofes en Chile 1541 - 1992
304:Astaburuaga G., Ricardo (2004),
233:
697:
672:
575:
552:"'Estadistica Climatologia II'"
544:
478:"HIDROLOGIA DE SEQUIA EN CHILE"
262:recognizes water use rights as
408:
353:
249:at 40% capacity in March 2020
191:Beginning in January 1997 the
1:
285:
67:in 1772 to divert water from
135:population of 650 thousand.
7:
530:Crisis de Chile (1998-1999)
415:EspĂldora, Basilio (1972),
10:
1362:
1326:Natural disasters in Chile
222:
20:was regularly affected by
1331:Droughts in South America
1262:
1229:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1129:
1118:
930:
857:
784:
709:Reuters in Santiago, via
1249:Turks and Caicos Islands
779:Drought in South America
686:(in Spanish). 2022-05-02
1341:Climate change in Chile
1336:Weather events in Chile
925:Drought in the Americas
258:created under dictator
1164:British Virgin Islands
476:Lobo, Eugenio (1972),
51:
1077:Saint Kitts and Nevis
744:: Editorial La Noria.
487:(in Spanish): 226–229
256:Constitution of Chile
118:Great Drought of 1968
46:
16:Through its history,
1321:Environment of Chile
680:"La crisis del agua"
225:Chilean water crisis
219:Chilean water crisis
208:Nehuenco Power Plant
1346:Droughts by country
1254:U.S. Virgin Islands
1097:Trinidad and Tobago
942:Antigua and Barbuda
280:University of Chile
39:Historical droughts
1007:Dominican Republic
501:Puentes, Edgardo,
426:, pp. 181–184
71:to Mapocho River.
55:Drought of 1770–82
52:
1298:
1297:
892:
891:
864:other territories
504:El Niño y la Niña
330:Villalba, Ricardo
247:El Yeso reservoir
181:hydrological year
138:Throughout rural
89:Coquimbo Province
31:The territory of
1353:
1316:Climate of Chile
1219:Saint Barthélemy
1179:Falkland Islands
1124:
919:
912:
905:
896:
895:
884:
872:Falkland Islands
786:Sovereign states
773:
766:
759:
750:
749:
745:
723:
722:
720:
719:
701:
695:
694:
692:
691:
676:
670:
669:
667:
666:
649:
643:
642:
640:
639:
623:
614:
613:
611:
610:
593:
582:
579:
573:
572:
570:
569:
563:
557:. Archived from
556:
548:
542:
541:
540:
538:
525:
516:
515:
514:
512:
498:
489:
488:
482:
473:
458:
455:
434:
433:
432:
431:
421:
412:
406:
403:
390:
387:
376:
375:
373:
372:
357:
351:
350:
338:
326:
320:
319:
301:
264:private property
260:Augusto Pinochet
237:
127:in the north to
125:Atacama Province
65:San Carlos Canal
48:San Carlos Canal
1361:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1272:Central America
1258:
1133:
1125:
1116:
933:
926:
923:
893:
888:
882:
865:
863:
853:
780:
777:
727:
726:
717:
715:
703:
702:
698:
689:
687:
678:
677:
673:
664:
662:
651:
650:
646:
637:
635:
625:
624:
617:
608:
606:
595:
594:
585:
580:
576:
567:
565:
561:
554:
550:
549:
545:
536:
534:
527:
526:
519:
510:
508:
499:
492:
480:
474:
461:
456:
437:
429:
427:
419:
413:
409:
404:
393:
388:
379:
370:
368:
359:
358:
354:
336:
327:
323:
302:
293:
288:
252:
251:
250:
245:
240:
239:
238:
227:
221:
202:, Chile's main
189:
187:Drought of 1998
120:
77:
75:Drought of 1924
57:
41:
26:drainage basins
12:
11:
5:
1359:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1311:Water in Chile
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1234:Sint Eustatius
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1169:Cayman Islands
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
938:
936:
928:
927:
922:
921:
914:
907:
899:
890:
889:
887:
886:
879:
874:
868:
866:
858:
855:
854:
852:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
790:
788:
782:
781:
776:
775:
768:
761:
753:
747:
746:
740:(in Spanish).
725:
724:
696:
671:
644:
632:Deutsche Welle
615:
583:
574:
543:
517:
490:
459:
435:
407:
391:
377:
352:
345:(in Spanish),
321:
314:(in Spanish),
290:
289:
287:
284:
242:
241:
232:
231:
230:
229:
228:
223:Main article:
220:
217:
188:
185:
144:line of credit
131:in the south.
119:
116:
87:provinces. In
76:
73:
56:
53:
40:
37:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1358:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1291:
1290:
1289:South America
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1267:North America
1265:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:French Guiana
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1102:United States
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
937:
935:
929:
920:
915:
913:
908:
906:
901:
900:
897:
885:
880:
878:
877:French Guiana
875:
873:
870:
869:
867:
861:
856:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
789:
787:
783:
774:
769:
767:
762:
760:
755:
754:
751:
743:
739:
734:
733:
732:
731:
713:
712:
706:
700:
685:
684:Interferencia
681:
675:
660:
659:
654:
648:
634:
633:
628:
622:
620:
604:
603:
598:
592:
590:
588:
578:
564:on 2012-04-17
560:
553:
547:
532:
531:
524:
522:
506:
505:
497:
495:
486:
479:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
454:
452:
450:
448:
446:
444:
442:
440:
425:
418:
411:
402:
400:
398:
396:
386:
384:
382:
366:
362:
356:
348:
344:
343:
335:
331:
325:
317:
313:
312:
307:
300:
298:
296:
291:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:privatization
265:
261:
257:
248:
244:
236:
226:
216:
213:
209:
205:
201:
196:
194:
184:
182:
177:
175:
174:Lota-Schwager
171:
167:
162:
160:
157:
151:
149:
145:
141:
136:
132:
130:
126:
115:
113:
109:
105:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
72:
70:
66:
62:
61:Mapocho River
49:
45:
36:
34:
33:Central Chile
29:
27:
23:
19:
1287:
1239:Sint Maarten
1224:Saint Martin
1131:Dependencies
981:
860:Dependencies
808:
737:
730:Bibliography
729:
728:
716:. Retrieved
714:. 2022-04-11
711:The Guardian
708:
699:
688:. Retrieved
683:
674:
663:. Retrieved
661:. 2020-04-14
656:
647:
636:. Retrieved
630:
607:. Retrieved
605:. 2022-06-01
602:The Guardian
600:
577:
566:. Retrieved
559:the original
546:
535:, retrieved
533:(in Spanish)
529:
509:, retrieved
507:(in Spanish)
503:
484:
428:, retrieved
423:
410:
369:. Retrieved
367:(in Spanish)
364:
355:
346:
340:
324:
315:
309:
272:stock market
253:
197:
190:
178:
163:
152:
137:
133:
121:
101:
78:
58:
30:
15:
1209:Puerto Rico
1136:territories
1082:Saint Lucia
1017:El Salvador
140:Norte Chico
97:Norte Chico
69:Maipo River
1305:Categories
1204:Montserrat
1199:Martinique
1194:Guadeloupe
992:Costa Rica
718:2022-06-08
690:2022-06-08
665:2022-06-08
638:2022-06-08
609:2022-06-08
568:2016-08-21
430:2011-02-14
371:2022-10-31
286:References
204:power grid
108:Combarbalá
1277:Caribbean
1189:Greenland
1112:Venezuela
1057:Nicaragua
1027:Guatemala
947:Argentina
932:Sovereign
849:Venezuela
794:Argentina
349:: 453–561
254:The 1980
1144:Anguilla
1092:Suriname
1067:Paraguay
1042:Honduras
1002:Dominica
987:Colombia
957:Barbados
839:Suriname
829:Paraguay
814:Colombia
742:Santiago
537:July 30,
511:July 30,
332:(1994),
276:Santiago
212:Zona Sur
170:Ventanas
159:ablation
81:Coquimbo
22:droughts
1174:Curaçao
1159:Bonaire
1154:Bermuda
1107:Uruguay
1047:Jamaica
1022:Grenada
1012:Ecuador
967:Bolivia
952:Bahamas
844:Uruguay
819:Ecuador
799:Bolivia
318:: 68–73
193:El Niño
179:In the
156:glacier
146:to buy
104:Illapel
1062:Panama
1052:Mexico
1032:Guyana
977:Canada
972:Brazil
962:Belize
934:states
824:Guyana
804:Brazil
148:forage
112:Ovalle
93:CuricĂł
1149:Aruba
1037:Haiti
982:Chile
809:Chile
562:(PDF)
555:(PDF)
481:(PDF)
420:(PDF)
337:(PDF)
129:Ă‘uble
85:Maule
18:Chile
1214:Saba
1134:and
1072:Peru
997:Cuba
834:Peru
658:NASA
539:2013
513:2013
110:and
83:and
862:and
311:ARQ
200:SIC
1307::
707:.
682:.
655:.
629:.
618:^
599:.
586:^
520:^
493:^
483:,
462:^
438:^
422:,
394:^
380:^
363:.
347:67
339:,
316:57
308:,
294:^
166:MW
150:.
106:,
99:.
918:e
911:t
904:v
772:e
765:t
758:v
721:.
693:.
668:.
641:.
612:.
571:.
374:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
