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398:, a garden used to supply the court, still fulfilled one of its functions, as indicated by the name, as a narrow defensive area between the outer and inner defensive walls. This was no longer the case when work on the present-day Zwinger palace began in the early 18th century, nevertheless the name was transferred to the new building. Admittedly the southwestern parts of the building of the baroque Dresden Zwinger including the
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230:; therefore, the Zwinger remained undeveloped on the Elbe side (provisionally closed with a wall). The plans for a new castle were abandoned after the death of Augustus the Strong, and with the departure from the Baroque period, the Zwinger initially lost importance. It was only over a century later that the architect Gottfried Semper completed it with the Semper Gallery towards the Elbe.
491:. At the time, the outer shells of the buildings had already been erected and, with their pavilions and arcaded galleries, formed a striking backdrop to the event. It was not until the completion of their interiors in 1728, however, that they could serve their intended functions as exhibition galleries and library halls.
422:. The embankments needed in the area of the river confluence proved to be a major challenge. In spring 1570 the Weißeritz caused severe flood damage at an embankment, which hampered the building project for a short time. Then, in 1572, the rebuilding work by the fortifications came to a temporary halt.
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of 13–15 February 1945. The art collection had been previously evacuated, however. Reconstruction, supported by the Soviet military administration, began in 1945; parts of the restored complex were opened to the public in 1951. By 1963 the
Zwinger had largely been restored to its pre-war state.
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goes back to the common medieval German term for that part of a fortification between the outer and inner defensive walls, or "outer ward". Archaeological evidence indicates that the construction of the first city wall took place in the last quarter of the 12th century. A documentary entry as
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The death of
Augustus in 1733 put a halt to the construction because the funds were needed elsewhere. The palace area was left open towards the Semperoper square (Theatre Square) and the river. Later the plans were changed to a smaller scale, and in 1847–1855 the area was closed by the
260:(Royal Cabinet of Mathematical and Physical Instruments) have opened to the public. The original intended use as an orangery, garden and as a representative festival area has taken a back seat; the latter continues to be cultivated with the performance of music and theater events.
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The
Sempergalerie, opened in 1855, was one of the most important German museum projects of the 19th century and made it possible to expand the use of the Zwinger as a museum complex, which had grown under the influence of time since the 18th century. The
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from that period is only imprecisely known to be between the fortifications on the western side of the city. Its extent varied in places as a result of subsequent improvements to the fortifications and is depicted differently on the various maps.
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The
Zwinger was built in 1709 as an orangery and garden as well as a representative festival area. Its richly decorated pavilions and the galleries lined with balustrades, figures and vases testify to the splendor during the reign of
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The name "Zwinger" goes back to the name used in the Middle Ages for a fortress part between the outer and inner fortress walls, even though the
Zwinger no longer had a function corresponding to the name at the start of construction.
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before 1711, covered the space of the present complex of palace and garden, and also included as gardens the space down to the Elbe river, upon which the
Semperoper and its square were built in the nineteenth century.
471:(1697), he wanted something similarly spectacular for himself. The fortifications were no longer needed and provided readily available space for his plans. The original plans, as developed by his court architect
418:. In 1569, major work began on redevelopment and new buildings by the fortifications west of the castle based on plans by master builder, Rochus Quirin, Count of Lynar, who came from
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Until well into the 16th century, the area of the present-day
Zwinger complex was still outside the city fortifications. Close by ran an old stretch of the
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on
February 13 and 14, 1945 hit the Zwinger extensively and led to extensive destruction. Since the reconstruction in the 1950s and 1960s, the
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274:("inner old town") that is part of the historic heart of Dresden. It is located in the immediate vicinity of other famous sights, including
226:. In the original conception of the elector, the Zwinger was the forecourt of a new castle that would take up the area between it and the
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378:, work began on strengthening the city's defences and they were enhanced by a second – outer – wall. These improvements began near the
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and, in the vicinity of the castle, was utilised by the royal court at
Dresden for garden purposes. The location of the so-called
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construction of the gallery wing now separating the
Zwinger from the Theatre Square. The architect of this building, later named
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gate stand on parts of the outer curtain wall that are still visible today; but there is no longer any trace of the inner wall.
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gate. Step by step the old moat had to be filled in and moved. The area between the two walls was generally referred to as the
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to the northeast, the Semper Opera to the north and the former royal stables to the northwest. Within view lie the
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The Zwinger was designed by Pöppelmann and constructed in stages from 1710 to 1728. Sculpture was provided by
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in 1216 points to the existence of an enclosed Dresden Fortification at that time. In 1427, during the
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483:. The Zwinger was formally inaugurated in 1719, on the occasion of the electoral prince
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Adolph Menzel, Atlases on the Wallpavillon of the Dresden Zwinger, 1880, NGA 139216,
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Dresden before 1519 with the course of the nearby Weißeritz river (top left)
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487:'s marriage to the daughter of the Habsburg emperor, the Archduchess
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through France and Italy in 1687–89, just at the moment that
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river that no longer exists, which emptied into the Elbe by the
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The crown gate with the long galleries adjoining on both sides
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hotel to the southeast, the west wing of the palace with its
467:. On his return to Dresden, having arranged his election as
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The Zwinger covers an area on the northwestern edge of the
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Early development of the city in the area of the Zwinger
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river are located 200 metres northeast of the Zwinger.
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and the Duchess Garden with the remnants of the former
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550:– Hunting lodge of the electors and kings of Saxony
202:, it is one of the most important buildings of the
446:Coat of arms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
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340:building in the west. The terraced banks of the
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794:1728 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
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592:Verfassungsgeschichte der Stadt Dresden
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705:Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden
696:Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden
594:. Volume One. Dresden 1885, p. 8–9
515:Ruins of the wall pavilion in 1945
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632:. Technische Universität Dresden
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784:Residences of Polish monarchs
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710:Schlösser und Gärten Dresden
630:"Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann"
282:. The Zwinger is bounded by
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603:Dehio, Dresden, 2005. p. 52
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264:Current inner city location
252:Dresdener Porzellansammlung
242:Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister
206:in Germany. Along with the
187:[ˈdʁeːzdnɐˈt͡svɪŋɐ]
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789:Royal residences in Saxony
559:List of Baroque residences
507:Destruction and rebuilding
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198:. Designed by architect
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436:National Gallery of Art
120:Design and construction
657:. Museums of the World
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448:on the Wallpavillon
220:Augustus the Strong
56:Architectural style
51:General information
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680:Map of the Zwinger
616:, H. 2, p. 327–328
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353:Origin of the name
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394:This royal
318:Green Vault
294:Ostra-Allee
155:photochrome
753:Categories
724:13°44′02″E
721:51°03′11″N
565:References
465:Versailles
457:grand tour
416:Old Castle
280:Semperoper
254:) and the
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577:Gurlitt:
461:Louis XIV
412:Weißeritz
400:Kronentor
365:The name
334:Postplatz
290:Postplatz
92:Completed
701:Homepage
688:Archived
536:See also
420:Florence
338:orangery
278:and the
70:Location
384:Zwinger
372:civitas
367:Zwinger
348:History
196:Germany
192:Dresden
171:Zwinger
144:Zwinger
78:Germany
74:Dresden
64:Baroque
33:Zwinger
499:, was
175:German
100:Client
110:Owner
663:2021
638:2021
342:Elbe
228:Elbe
183:IPA:
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