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1150:" While to an extent this may be true, the same could be said of most eras until the early 20th century, the Neo-Renaissance in the hands of provincial architects did develop into a style not always instantly recognisable as a derivative of the Renaissance. In this less obvious guise the Neo-Renaissance was to provide an important undercurrent in totalitarian architecture of various countries, notably in
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able to give protection from the weather, giving the staircase the appearance of being in the true renaissance open style, when it was in fact a truly internal feature. Further and more adventurous use of glass also enabled the open and arcaded
Renaissance courtyards to be reproduced as lofty halls with glazed roofs. This was a feature at Mentmore Towers and on a far larger scale at the
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in the mid 19th century, it often materialized not just in its original form first seen in Italy, but as a hybrid of all its forms according to the whims of architects and patrons, an approach typical of the mid and late 19th century. Modern scholarship defines the styles following the
Renaissance as
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was to become one of the features of Neo-Renaissance design. It became a common feature for the staircase to be not just a feature of the internal architecture but also the external. But whereas at Blois the stairs had been open to the elements in the 19th century new and innovative use of glass was
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style coupled with a strong
Italian influence represented by arches, arcades, balustrading and, in general, a more flowing line of design than had been apparent in the earlier Gothic. The Chateau de Blois's triumphal staircase was imitated almost from the moment of its completion, and was certainly
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period, which gave importance to the proportions and dignity of interiors, but still lost the comfort and internal convenience of the mannerist period. It was during the Neo-Renaissance period of the 19th century that the mannerist comforts were re-discovered and taken a step further. Not only did
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than anything found in a true
Renaissance Palazzo. The apparent Baroque style staircase at Mentmore is not without a Renaissance influence, its first flight is similar to "The staircase of the Giants" rises from the Doge's Palace Courtyard, designed when the Venetian Gothic was being uncomfortably
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with the newly invented sheets of plate glass, providing the first "picture windows", but also the blending of architectural styles allowed interiors and exteriors to be treated differently. It was at this time that the concept of "furnishing styles" manifested itself, allowing distinctions to be
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between the architect, who designed the exterior highly visible shell, and others—the artisans—who decorated and arranged the interior. The original
Italian mannerist house was a place for relaxation and entertaining, convenience and comfort of the interior being a priority; in the later Baroque
286:
Thus
Italian, French and Flemish Renaissance coupled with the amount of borrowing from these later periods can cause great difficulty and argument in correctly identifying various forms of 19th-century architecture. Differentiating some forms of French Neo-Renaissance buildings from those of the
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Gothic influences on both period and revived
Renaissance architecture are readily apparent, first as much building occurred during the period of transition from the Gothic to the Renaissance style; and also as Renaissance−era design took the form of the addition of Renaissance ornamentation to
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made between interior rooms and external appearances, and indeed between the various rooms themselves. Thus the modern concept of treating a room individually, and differently from its setting and neighbours, came into its infancy. Classic examples of this are the great
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merged with
Renaissance style. Similarly to that at Mentmore, the Staircase of the Giant's terminates on to an arcaded loggia. Perhaps not ironically the Hall and Staircase at Mentmore were designed by Paxton to display furniture formerly housed in the Doge's Palace.
527:(1851), "the Neo-Renaissance became the obligatory style for university and public buildings, for banks and financial institutions, and for the urban villas" in Germany. Among the most accomplished examples of the style were Villa Meyer in Dresden,
422:
whose work in the Neo-Renaissance style was popular in the US during the 1880s. Richardson's style at the end or the revival era was a severe mix of both
Romanesque and Renaissance features. This was exemplified by his "Marshall Field Warehouse" in
417:
above, high above this were a sequence of six tall arched windows and above these just beneath the slightly projecting roof were the small windows of the upper floor. This building foreshadows similar effects in the work of the
American architect
177:(1377–1446). Brunelleschi and his contemporaries wished to bring greater "order" to architecture, resulting in strong symmetry and careful proportion. The movement grew from scientific observations of nature, in particular, human anatomy.
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architecture, drawing instead on a variety of other classically based styles. However, there are exceptions and occasionally the two distinct styles are mixed. The sub-variety of Gothic design most frequently employed is floral
283:, but the architects of the mid 19th century understood them as part of a continuum, often simply called 'Italian', and freely combined them all, as well as Renaissance as it was first practiced in other countries.
394:'s panegyrics to architectural wonders of Venice and Florence in the 1850s contributed to shifting "the attention of scholars and designers, with their awareness heightened by debate and restoration work" from
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As mentioned above, the Neo-Renaissance style was in reality an eclectic blending of past styles, which the architect selected on the whims of his patrons. In the true Renaissance era there was a
566:, where whole streets and blocks were built in the so-called Neo-Renaissance style, in reality, a classicizing conglomeration of elements liberally borrowed from different historical periods.
488:
While the beginning of Neo-Renaissance period can be defined by its simplicity and severity, what came later was far more ornate in its design. This period can be defined by some of the great
816:, where the large glazed court contained a monumental staircase. The "Warsaw University of Technology staircase", though if Renaissance in spirit at all, is more in the lighter, more
1146:
In England it was so common that today one finds "Renaissance Italian Palazzi" serving as banks or municipal buildings in the centres of even the smallest towns. It has been said "
735:
mansions exemplify the ambitions of wealthy Americans in equaling and surpassing the ostentatious lifestyles of European aristocrats. During the latter half of the 19th century
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Gothic−era buildings thus creating an accretion of details from disparate sources. Architects who designed in the Renaissance Revival style usually avoided any references to
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Neo-Renaissance architecture, because of its diversity, is perhaps the only style of architecture to have existed in so many forms, yet still common to so many countries.
1722:
116:. Self-applied style designations were rife in the mid- and later 19th century: "Neo-Renaissance" might be applied by contemporaries to structures that others called "
139:, has added to the difficulty of defining and recognizing Neo-Renaissance architecture. A comparison between the breadth of its source material, such as the English
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By the beginning of the 20th century, Neo-Renaissance was a commonplace sight on the main streets of thousands of towns, large and small, around the world. In
1240:
1922:
401:
Like all architectural styles, the Neo-Renaissance did not appear overnight fully formed but evolved slowly. One of the first signs of its emergence was the
676:(1890–1892) were executed with emphasis on Florentine and Venetian décor. While the Neo-Renaissance is associated primarily with secular buildings, Princes
223:(1568–1580). Often these buildings had symmetrical towers which hint at the evolution from medieval fortified architecture. This is particularly evident at
1092:", and in the case of Mentmore Towers a huge central hall, resembling the arcaded courtyard of a Renaissance villa, conveniently glazed over, furnished in
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1882:
1259:
500:. This ornate form of the Neo-Renaissance, originating from France, is sometimes known as the "Second Empire" style, by now it also incorporated some
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were redesigned in the Renaissance Revival style then popular in colonial India, though this version was remarkable in its unique design. Loggias of
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is an outstanding ensemble of Neo-Renaissance townhouses from the last decades of the 19th century. The most famous Hungarian architect of the age,
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feature introduced into the Renaissance Revival styles was the "imperial staircase" (a single straight flight dividing into two separate flights).
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to take "a story-by-story approach to façade ornamentation, in contrast to the classical method, where the façade was conceived as a unit."
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in 1584, thus demonstrating that architects wherever their location were selecting their Neo-Renaissance styles regardless of geography
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elements. By 1875 it had become the accepted style in Europe for all public and bureaucratic buildings. In England, where Sir
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cupola. This is why so many buildings of the early English Neo-Renaissance style often have more of a "castle air" than their
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1989:
1936:
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First Congregational Church in Toledo, Ohio, 2019, built in the Italian Renaissance style and featuring windows created by
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Paris is home to many historicist buildings that partake equally from Renaissance and Baroque source material, such as the
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645:, the most popular Russian architect of the time, used Italianate elements profusely for decorating some interiors of the
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roof. In what at first glance appears an Indian building, on closer examination shows a Historicist example of Classical
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378:. If a building were of several floors, the uppermost floor usually had small square windows representing the minor
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One of the most widely copied features of Renaissance architecture were the great staircases from the chateaux of
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970:
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657:(1839–1844), with "the faceted rough-hewn stone of the first floor" reminiscent of 16th-century Italian palazzi.
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completed in 1913, in a heavy French Neo-Renaissance manner was one of the last notable buildings in this style.
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17:
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but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes. Under the broad designation
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1952:
1927:
1638:
853:
672:, the Neo-Renaissance was less prevalent than in the Northern capital, although interiors of the neo-Muscovite
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combined with the French Renaissance, a uniquely distinctive interpretation of the Renaissance Revival style.
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Neo-Renaissance architecture is formed by not only the original Italian architecture but by the form in which
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wing, completed in 1524, of which the staircase is an integral part was one of the earliest examples of
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Reviving the Renaissance: The Use and Abuse of the Past in Nineteenth-Century Italian Art and Decoration
155:—all deemed "Renaissance"—illustrates the variety of appearances the same architectural label can take.
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features not found in the original Renaissance architecture which was often more severe in its design.
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can at times be especially tricky, as both styles were simultaneously popular during the 19th century.
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Il recupero del Rinascimento. Arte, politica e mercato nei primi decenni di Roma capitale (1870-1911)
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700:
409:. It included a heavily rusticated ground floor, alleviated by one semicircular arch, with a curious
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during the 16th century. During the early years of the 16th century, the French were involved in the
81:
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of the original Renaissance designs. However, the Neo-renaissance style later came to incorporate
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but with ornament in the forms of pediments, arcades, shallow pilasters and entablatures from the
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style, complete with the steeply pitched roofs and towers, as it was a reconstruction, completed
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The divergent forms of Renaissance architecture in different parts of Europe, particularly in
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completed in 1547. Variations of this design became a popular feature of the Neo-Renaissance.
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8:
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in Series: Cambridge Studies in Italian History and Culture (Cambridge University Press)
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Reviving the Renaissance: The Use and Abuse of the Past in Nineteenth-Century Italian Art
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influence on French Renaissance design. A basket-handle portal is surmounted by a floral
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440:
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715:, where it became a favourite domestic architectural style of the wealthiest Americans.
543:; the German version of Neo-Renaissance culminated in such projects as the Town Hall in
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1734:
1046:
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334:(1829–1832). Other early but typical, domestic examples of the Neo-Renaissance include
232:
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19th-century architects and critics went beyond the architectural style which began in
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designed by Bronisław Rogóyski and Stefan Szyller (late 19th century), both rise from
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2020:
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797:
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347:
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66:
747:, all designed in Neo-Renaissance styles. Most of these have since been demolished.
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As a consequence, a self-consciously "Neo-Renaissance" manner first began to appear
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1485:"Ideals Versus Realities: Nineteenth-Century Decadent Identity and the Renaissance"
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Neo-Renaissance Russian style: a little recorded, Neo-Renaissance building showing
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It is a well-known fact that the nineteenth century had no art style of its own.
219:, the Renaissance tended to manifest itself in large square tall houses such as
39:
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1511:. The first assessment of the Renaissance Revival in post-Unification Italy.
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to be decorated in strict imitation of the 16th-century Venetian churches.
591:
406:
306:
197:
185:
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many monumental public buildings were built in Neo-Renaissance style like
427:(completed in 1887, now demolished). Neo-Renaissance was adopted early in
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2574:
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1826:
1603:
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489:
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367:
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117:
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2005:
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deceptively form an almost Indian appearance, yet they sit beneath a
926:
858:
598:, Netherlands, 1913. One of the last notable buildings in this style.
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524:
513:
302:
109:
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were all features frequently reproduced in the 19th century revival.
1025:
994:
558:, the founder of the Viennese College of Arts and Crafts (today the
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2926:
1652:
1598:
1038:
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the predecessor of the "double staircase" (sometimes attributed to
791:. French renaissance architecture was a combination of the earlier
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520:
371:
350:
banking family. The style is characterized by original Renaissance
193:
97:
1545:, Cinisello Balsamo, Silvana Editoriale, 2020, ISBN 9788836645435.
941:
of true Renaissance courtyards. Both staircases seem more akin to
692:
680:
commissioned the interior of their palace church (1909–1916) near
512:
in this style between 1860 and 1875, it also incorporated certain
431:, often based directly on Italian Palazzi, first appearing in the
30:"Neo-Renaissance" redirects here. For the style of jewellery, see
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1081:
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introduced the Neo-Renaissance to England with his design of the
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54:
1537:"History & styles: The other neo-styles of the 19th century"
891:
1212:
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were secondary to outward appearance. This was followed by the
896:
843:
817:
681:
669:
563:
536:
428:
1119:. However, it was still extensively practiced in the 1910s in
235:
contemporaries, which can add again to the confusion with the
1060:
532:
410:
228:
136:
1068:
1037:: the curved staircase, tall segmented windows, and marble
867:
825:
554:
In Austria, it was pioneered by such illustrious names as
2290:
807:
A Grand Staircase whether based on that of Blois, or the
743:
was lined with "Renaissance" French chateaux and Italian
1059:
the improved building techniques of the 1850s allow the
266:
When the revival of Renaissance style architecture came
258:
Neo-Renaissance completed in 1854, derives motifs from
227:(1607–1612), where medieval towers jostle with a large
660:
The style was further elaborated by architects of the
405:
Women's Prison, which was erected in 1809 designed by
158:
108:; they also included styles that can be identified as
606:
in the 1870s and 1880s. In the fast-growing capital,
1112:
the Neo-Renaissance style began to fall from favour
1454:
1452:
1380:
Mapping St. Petersburg: Imperial Text and Cityshape
1088:, all with interiors ranging from "Versailles" to "
439:, then adopted as a state style under the reign of
27:Group of 19th-century architectural revival styles
496:'s Burgtheater in Vienna, and his Opera house in
3193:
1449:
1356:The Cambridge Companion to Modern German Culture
1020:
824:'s (named il Mascherino) staircase designed for
779:. Blois had been the favourite residence of the
602:Neo-Renaissance was also the favourite style in
301:. By 1890 this movement was already in decline.
862:This Renaissance Revival doorway illustrates a
398:and Gothic Revival to the Italian Renaissance.
242:
933:designed by Joseph Paxton, and the one at the
583:in an unequivocal French Neo-Renaissance style
104:in the early 15th century as an expression of
2249:
1564:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
892:Baroque influences on the Renaissance Revival
354:, taken from such Quattrocento architects as
1519:Wokół neorenesansu w architekturze XIX wieku
1096:style and heated by a fireplace designed by
981:
962:
946:
844:Gothic influences on the Renaissance Revival
649:(1837–1851). Another fashionable architect,
458:
182:Renaissance architecture developed in France
2263:
204:building was carried out using traditional
2256:
2242:
1571:
1557:
1308:
1374:
1372:
1024:
895:
857:
754:
691:
626:preferred Neo-Renaissance in his works.
586:
568:
562:). The style found particular favour in
467:
311:
246:
53:
38:
838:
188:, bringing back to France not just the
14:
3194:
1487:. 2004-01. Accessed 10 November 2013.
1369:
629:In Russia, the style was pioneered by
2237:
1552:
1382:. Princeton University Press, 2004.
1358:. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
1338:. Cambridge University Press, 1997.
447:(1826–36), the Konigbau wing of the
279:, two very different, even opposing
1586:in architecture and decorative arts
1158:, as seen in some pavilions of the
1074:Rothschild house in Buckinghamshire
196:, but also stylistic ideas. In the
159:Origins of Renaissance architecture
24:
945:'s great Baroque staircase at the
664:(1867–1872) and culminated in the
25:
3238:
3227:20th-century architectural styles
3222:19th-century architectural styles
1493:
560:University of Applied Arts Vienna
3202:Renaissance Revival architecture
1258:
1239:
1224:
1200:
1170:
783:throughout the renaissance. The
731:in 1892; it and contemporaneous
687:
342:, both designed in the 1850s by
74:Renaissance Revival architecture
1477:
1465:
969:faithfully replicates the true
935:Warsaw University of Technology
902:Warsaw University of Technology
888:courtyard, built in the 1480s.
814:Warsaw University of Technology
551:in Berlin (completed in 1894).
3212:Victorian architectural styles
1499:Rosanna Pavoni, editor (1997)
1427:
1405:
1393:
1349:
1328:
1286:
854:Scottish baronial architecture
703:(United States), owned by the
80:") is a group of 19th-century
13:
1:
2516:Anatolian Seljuk architecture
1280:
1113:
1021:Renaissance Revival interiors
974:
577:
295:
3207:Revival architectural styles
1321:Copplestone, Trewin (1963).
1187:of 1870, incorporating both
1160:All-Soviet Exhibition Centre
914:Baroque Revival architecture
254:in Buckinghamshire. English
243:Birth of the Neo-Renaissance
82:architectural revival styles
50:(Germany), completed in 1857
7:
1458:Dal Lago, Adalbert (1966).
850:Gothic Revival architecture
750:
616:Hungarian State Opera House
173:is generally accredited to
76:(sometimes referred to as "
10:
3243:
911:
847:
443:for such landmarks as the
162:
29:
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2458:
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2087:
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2055:
2029:
1998:
1982:
1961:
1945:
1860:
1819:
1748:
1591:
1462:. Milan: Fratelli Fabbri.
1272:) from 1885, designed by
1103:
1100:for his house in Antwerp
982:
963:
723:, was a residence of the
701:Asheville, North Carolina
463:
459:Development and expansion
317:Prague's National Theatre
3217:Renaissance architecture
2218:Richardsonian Romanesque
1820:Germany, Austria-Hungary
1730:Spanish Colonial Revival
961:. However, the Parisian
804:just a few years later.
612:Saint Stephen's Basilica
358:. These motifs included
171:Renaissance architecture
165:Renaissance architecture
94:Renaissance architecture
2281:History of construction
2265:History of architecture
2126:Serbo-Byzantine Revival
2088:Russian Empire and USSR
2011:National Romantic style
1937:Black-and-white Revival
1402:retrieved 19 April 2006
1250:from 1886, designed by
1246:Neo-Renaissance-styled
1080:of various Renaissance
651:Andrei Stackenschneider
420:Henry Hobson Richardson
192:treasures as their war
65:(England), seat of the
2276:Architectural timeline
2208:Polish cathedral style
2173:Dutch Colonial Revival
1893:Indo-Saracenic Revival
1195:architectural features
1152:Stalinist architecture
1127:by such architects as
1086:English country houses
1042:
947:
909:
871:
768:
708:
653:, was responsible for
631:Auguste de Montferrand
599:
584:
485:
480:, Russia, redolent of
453:Bavarian State Library
320:
319:(Czech Republic), 1862
281:styles of architecture
263:
124:features are present (
70:
51:
32:Holbeinesque jewellery
2818:America and Australia
2438:Medieval Scandinavian
2193:Mediterranean Revival
2047:Soft Portuguese style
1990:Traditionalist School
1533:on the author's page.
1529:. General study. See
1233:Louis Comfort Tiffany
1133:Marian Peretyatkovich
1050:designs, comfort and
1028:
900:The staircase at the
899:
861:
758:
721:Newport, Rhode Island
695:
637:(1835), the first in
590:
574:Paris' Hôtel de Ville
572:
484:'s designs, 1867–1872
471:
370:and doors crowned by
315:
250:
57:
42:
3060:Critical regionalism
2158:American Renaissance
2100:Neoclassical Revival
1801:Louis Philippe style
1296:. Greatbuildings.com
839:Combined historicism
711:The style spread to
647:Grand Kremlin Palace
547:(1886–1897) and the
539:, Villa Meissner in
508:designed the London
506:George Gilbert Scott
366:, windows framed by
340:Château de Ferrières
237:Gothic Revival style
233:continental European
206:French Gothic styles
175:Filippo Brunelleschi
106:Renaissance humanism
2999:Stripped Classicism
2974:International style
2957:Rationalist-Fascist
2606:Portuguese Colonial
2356:Pre-Islamic Persian
2223:Territorial Revival
1806:Second Empire style
1678:Renaissance Revival
1483:Lessenich, Rolf P.
1437:. Aviewoncities.com
1400:Chateau de Chambord
1137:Francisco Tamburini
1084:, and 16th century
802:Château de Chambord
765:Château de Chambord
729:Richard Morris Hunt
535:, Palais Borsig in
492:of Europe, such as
451:(1825–35), and the
441:Ludwig I of Bavaria
433:Palais Leuchtenberg
346:for members of the
210:Italian Renaissance
149:Château de Chambord
84:which were neither
3004:Postconstructivism
2947:Streamline Moderne
1923:Romanesque Revival
1913:Queen Anne Revival
1735:Swiss chalet style
1705:Romanesque Revival
1413:"Chateau de Blois"
1378:Julie A. Buckler.
1323:World Architecture
1185:Semper Opera House
1047:division of labour
1043:
980:, of the previous
971:French Renaissance
910:
872:
789:French Renaissance
769:
709:
604:Kingdom of Hungary
600:
585:
556:Rudolf Eitelberger
519:Starting with the
486:
472:The façade of the
396:Late Neoclassicism
321:
264:
262:completed in 1588.
151:, and the Russian
71:
52:
3189:
3188:
2231:
2230:
2163:Collegiate Gothic
2021:Nordic Classicism
1953:Mycenaean Revival
1928:Scottish Baronial
1878:Edwardian Baroque
1873:Bristol Byzantine
1842:Nazi architecture
1639:French Provincial
1063:of formerly open
999:Writers' building
949:Würzburg Residenz
943:Balthasar Neumann
884:, as seen in the
833:Palazzo Quirinale
798:Leonardo da Vinci
763:staircase at the
725:Vanderbilt family
705:Vanderbilt family
67:Rothschild family
16:(Redirected from
3234:
3081:Deconstructivism
2840:Spanish Colonial
2601:Spanish Colonial
2501:Western Chalukya
2309:Ancient Egyptian
2258:
2251:
2244:
2235:
2234:
2213:Queen Anne style
2168:Colonial Revival
2079:Romanian Revival
1999:Nordic countries
1888:Georgian Revival
1883:Egyptian Revival
1791:Directoire style
1766:Louis XIII style
1634:Egyptian Revival
1629:Carpenter Gothic
1573:
1566:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1517:Marek Zgórniak,
1488:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1435:"Hôtel de Ville"
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1376:
1367:
1353:
1347:
1334:Rosanna Pavoni.
1332:
1326:
1319:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1290:
1262:
1248:Kuopio Town Hall
1243:
1228:
1204:
1178:Gottfried Semper
1174:
1121:Saint Petersburg
1118:
1115:
985:
984:
979:
976:
968:
967:
952:
668:(1885–1896). In
666:Stieglitz Museum
655:Mariinsky Palace
639:Saint Petersburg
582:
579:
494:Gottfried Semper
478:Saint Petersburg
413:style miniature
300:
297:
153:Palace of Facets
120:", or when many
21:
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3235:
3233:
3232:
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3192:
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3190:
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3069:
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2952:Totalitarianism
2942:New Objectivity
2883:
2736:Serbo-Byzantine
2731:Russo-Byzantine
2620:
2579:
2454:
2431:Islamic Persian
2367:
2285:
2267:
2262:
2232:
2227:
2198:Mission Revival
2146:
2130:
2114:
2105:Russian Revival
2083:
2067:
2051:
2025:
2016:Gustavian style
1994:
1978:
1969:Stile Umbertino
1957:
1941:
1856:
1815:
1781:Louis XVI style
1771:Louis XIV style
1744:
1663:Moorish Revival
1614:Baroque Revival
1609:Arts and Crafts
1587:
1577:
1521:, Kraków 1987.
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1297:
1294:"Wollaton Hall"
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1110:southern Europe
1106:
1052:interior design
1023:
977:
931:Mentmore Towers
916:
906:Baroque Revival
894:
882:Venetian Gothic
856:
846:
841:
822:Ottaviano Nonni
753:
690:
662:Vladimir Palace
643:Konstantin Thon
620:Andrássy Avenue
580:
474:Vladimir Palace
466:
461:
449:Munich Residenz
445:Alte Pinakothek
380:mezzanine floor
336:Mentmore Towers
328:Travellers Club
298:
252:Mentmore Towers
245:
190:Renaissance art
167:
161:
78:Neo-Renaissance
63:Buckinghamshire
59:Waddesdon Manor
44:Schwerin Palace
35:
28:
23:
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18:Neo-renaissance
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2937:Constructivism
2934:
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2910:Prairie School
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2443:Pre-Romanesque
2440:
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2373:1st millennium
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2203:Pueblo Revival
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2063:Zakopane Style
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1776:Louis XV style
1773:
1768:
1763:
1761:Henry IV style
1758:
1756:Henry II style
1752:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1723:North American
1720:
1715:
1709:Second Empire
1707:
1702:
1700:Rococo Revival
1697:
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1655:
1646:
1644:Gothic Revival
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1494:External links
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1327:
1307:
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1274:Pierre Cuypers
1264:
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1255:
1252:F. A. Sjöström
1245:
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1221:
1215:influences in
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1022:
1019:
1007:Serlian arches
983:Hôtel de Ville
965:Hôtel de Ville
904:, with strong
893:
890:
877:Gothic Revival
870:hood moulding.
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842:
840:
837:
752:
749:
697:Biltmore House
689:
686:
510:Foreign Office
465:
462:
460:
457:
437:Leo von Klenze
435:(1817–21), by
289:Gothic revival
244:
241:
225:Hatfield House
221:Longleat House
169:The origin of
163:Main article:
160:
157:
122:French Baroque
90:Gothic Revival
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2773:Monumentalism
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2037:Neo-Manueline
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3096:Contemporary
3074:2000–present
3065:Neo-futurism
3045:Blobitecture
2872:Modern Style
2824:
2788:Neoclassical
2536:Indo-Islamic
2511:Great Seljuk
2496:Vijayanagara
2390:East Slavic
2304:Mesopotamian
2188:Jeffersonian
2006:Dragon style
1847:Resort style
1811:Belle Époque
1796:Empire style
1683:Châteauesque
1677:
1668:Neoclassical
1542:
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1107:
1056:Neoclassical
1044:
1039:balustrading
1015:Palladianism
997:of the 1777
988:
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924:
917:
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829:Gregory XIII
806:
781:French Kings
770:
727:designed by
717:The Breakers
710:
659:
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592:Peace Palace
576:, completed
553:
518:
490:opera houses
487:
407:Peter Speeth
400:
376:entablatures
362:masonry and
322:
307:Peace Palace
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198:Loire valley
186:Italian Wars
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3009:PWA Moderne
2895:Rationalism
2857:Art Nouveau
2845:Territorial
2825:Renaissance
2809:Queen Anne
2682:Elizabethan
2575:Plateresque
2570:Renaissance
2553:Sondergotik
2448:Carolingian
2394:Kievan Rus'
2142:Neo-Mudéjar
2042:Neo-Mudéjar
1983:Netherlands
1832:Gründerzeit
1827:Biedermeier
1604:Art Nouveau
1580:Historicism
1471:Sotheby's.
1366:. Page 283.
1266:Rijksmuseum
1193:Renaissance
1129:Leon Benois
1117: 1900
1031:Renaissance
991:British Raj
978: 1880
908:influences.
761:Renaissance
707:, 1888–1895
581: 1880
455:(1831–43).
392:John Ruskin
368:architraves
299: 1840
48:Mecklenburg
3196:Categories
3166:Portuguese
3040:Postmodern
2989:Organicism
2877:Modernisme
2862:Jugendstil
2721:Revivalism
2709:Industrial
2692:Portuguese
2466:Romanesque
2361:Achaemenid
2183:Greco Deco
1903:Jacobethan
1837:Jugendstil
1740:Vernacular
1688:Italianate
1619:Beaux-Arts
1584:Revivalism
1346:. Page 73.
1281:References
912:See also:
848:See also:
831:at Rome's
737:5th Avenue
733:Gilded Age
624:Miklós Ybl
529:Villa Haas
516:features.
384:Romanesque
360:rusticated
348:Rothschild
256:Jacobethan
200:a wave of
143:, Italian
118:Italianate
3127:Dravidian
3086:Neomodern
3050:High-tech
3030:Brutalism
3023:1950–2000
2967:Stalinist
2900:Mycenaean
2888:1900–1950
2726:Byzantine
2702:Ukrainian
2687:Naryshkin
2652:Edwardian
2625:1750–1900
2596:Palladian
2591:Manueline
2584:1500–1750
2459:1000–1500
2399:Muscovite
2386:Byzantine
2334:Classical
2322:Mycenaean
2299:Neolithic
2110:Stalinist
1868:Adamesque
1325:. Hamlyn.
1270:Amsterdam
1217:Yaroslavl
939:pastiches
927:staircase
918:A common
820:style of
800:) at the
785:Francis I
674:City Duma
596:The Hague
549:Reichstag
525:Sanssouci
514:Palladian
372:pediments
332:Pall Mall
303:The Hague
273:Mannerist
110:Mannerist
3139:Japanese
3117:Colonial
3105:Regional
3055:Arcology
2994:Art Deco
2984:Futurism
2927:De Stijl
2830:Romanian
2748:Egyptian
2743:Colonial
2697:Siberian
2507:Islamic
2476:Ottonian
2471:Galician
2381:Sasanian
2349:Herodian
2329:Etruscan
2030:Portugal
1718:European
1653:Neo-Grec
1599:Art Deco
1531:abstract
1473:Mentmore
1219:, Russia
1094:Venetian
1082:chateaux
818:columned
777:Chambord
751:Features
614:and the
608:Budapest
521:orangery
411:Egyptian
403:Würzburg
338:and the
268:en vogue
98:Florence
3176:Spanish
3171:Russian
3112:Chinese
2932:Bauhaus
2835:Russian
2813:Britain
2795:Moorish
2778:Baroque
2768:Mission
2714:British
2677:Petrine
2672:Maltese
2667:Italian
2657:English
2632:Baroque
2531:Ottoman
2526:Timurid
2491:Hoysala
2487:Indian
2426:Fatimid
2421:Abbasid
2416:Moorish
2411:Umayyad
2406:Islamic
2313:Aegean
2072:Romania
1918:Regency
1441:11 June
1419:11 June
1300:11 June
1209:Baroque
1189:Baroque
1182:Dresden
1154:of the
1141:picture
1078:hybrids
1065:loggias
1061:glazing
1011:mansard
1003:Kolkata
995:façades
989:In the
920:Baroque
745:palazzi
678:Yusupov
633:in the
545:Hamburg
541:Leipzig
502:Baroque
498:Dresden
482:Alberti
425:Chicago
415:portico
388:Baroque
356:Alberti
277:Baroque
229:Italian
217:England
202:chateau
114:Baroque
3181:Somali
3161:Newari
3144:Korean
3122:Indian
3014:Googie
2920:Cubism
2905:Modern
2805:Pueblo
2783:Rococo
2753:Gothic
2662:French
2637:Andean
2611:Mughal
2548:Gothic
2521:Mamluk
2481:Norman
2317:Minoan
2119:Serbia
2056:Poland
1946:Greece
1749:France
1713:French
1525:
1507:
1386:
1362:
1342:
1213:Rococo
1104:Legacy
1098:Rubens
1090:Medici
1069:arches
1033:: The
864:Gothic
793:Gothic
682:Moscow
670:Moscow
564:Vienna
537:Berlin
464:Europe
429:Munich
364:quoins
352:motifs
133:France
69:, 1874
3132:Hindu
2850:Tudor
2758:Mayan
2647:Dutch
2642:Czech
2565:Aztec
2560:Incan
2135:Spain
1974:Milan
1962:Italy
1135:, or
1029:True
773:Blois
533:Hesse
194:booty
137:Italy
3154:Maya
2962:Nazi
2616:Sikh
1582:and
1523:ISBN
1505:ISBN
1443:2011
1421:2011
1384:ISBN
1360:ISBN
1340:ISBN
1302:2011
1211:and
1191:and
1123:and
1067:and
925:The
868:ogee
852:and
826:Pope
775:and
386:and
374:and
275:and
135:and
100:and
88:nor
2291:BCE
1180:'s
1143:).
1001:in
929:at
739:in
719:in
699:in
594:in
531:in
523:of
476:in
305:'s
215:In
128:).
112:or
61:in
46:in
3198::
1935:/
1651:/
1451:^
1371:^
1310:^
1162:.
1131:,
1114:c.
1076:,
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759:A
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578:c.
330:,
296:c.
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1304:.
1268:(
1139:(
34:.
20:)
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