611:
459:
479:. Characterized by juicy citrus and floral flavours, with an emphasis on hop aroma with lower bitterness, they also have a smooth consistency or mouthfeel, and a hazy appearance. These characteristics are achieved using a combination of brewing techniques, including the use of particular strains of yeast, the timing of adding the hops, and adjusting the chemistry of the water. New England IPAs do not necessarily need to be brewed in New England. It was officially recognized as a separate beer style, the Juicy or Hazy India Pale Ale, by the Brewers Association in 2018. A variation on the style is the milkshake IPA, which adds
281:
579:
40:
207:
595:
563:
372:
2703:
627:
643:
310:
weakest beers on the bar. For instance Bass was 1.065 OG and 6.4% ABV, but in 1912 Whitbread's draught IPA was 1.049 and less than 5% ABV, at a time when the average
British beer was 1.055. Like all British beers, their strength declined during World War I and by 1923 Bass was 1.055 and Whitbread IPA was a bottled beer of 1.036 and 3.7% (compared to their standard X Mild at 1.042 and their draught bitter at 1.042).
547:
2148:
293:, 53% more than the 4/3 (21.25p; equivalent to £24) a dozen for those of porter. Some brewers dropped the term "India" in the late 19th century, but records indicated that these "pale ales" retained the features of earlier IPAs. American, Australian, and Canadian brewers manufactured beer with the label IPA before 1900, and records suggest that these beers were similar to English IPA of the era.
399:, provided strong flavours when showcased in an IPA. The boom in popularity for IPA as a style spread down the west coast of the United States, then across the United States and eventually the world. It is estimated that over 40% of craft beer brewed in the United States can be classified as an IPA.
442:
Double IPAs (also referred to as
Imperial IPAs) are a stronger, very hoppy variant of IPAs that typically have alcohol content above 7.5% by volume. The term "double" refers to the increased amount of ingredients used, particularly hops, which results in a beer that is both higher in alcohol and
309:
India pale ale was well known as early as 1815, but gained popularity in the
British domestic market sometime before then. By World War I, IPA in Britain had diverged into two styles, the premium bottled IPAs of around 1.065 specific gravity and cask-conditioned draught IPAs which were among the
288:
Demand for the export style of pale ale, which had become known as "India pale ale", developed in
England around 1840 and India pale ale became a popular product in England. In 1837, Hodgson's IPA typically cost 6/6 (32.5p; equivalent to £37 in 2023) for a dozen pint bottles, the same as
503:
Both
American and West Coast IPAs are hop-forward in character, with the West Coast variety being especially so. They often have brilliant clarity and are dry with minimal malt character. Being highly hopped, West Coast / American IPAs are typically very bitter, between 40 and 70
192:
of 18 months. Ships exported this beer to India, among them his
October beer, which benefited exceptionally from conditions of the voyage and was highly regarded among its consumers in India. The brewery came into the control of Hodgson's son early in the next century,
343:
then organised an IPA conference in 1994 at
Whitbread's brewery in London, attended by brewers from both sides of the Atlantic. The influence of this meeting persists, for instance Brooklyn Brewery's East India IPA is based on the beer that Garrett Oliver took there.
339:, in 1990. That led to a pale ale festival in 1992 and an IPA festival in 1993, for which Bass brewed a 7.2% beer inspired by Bass Continental, originally brewed for the Belgian market before World War II and based on Bass recipes going back to the 1850s. Dorber and
408:
notes: "IPA is now the signature of craft brewers worldwide. Fittingly for an export beer, brewers from
Australia to Scandinavia are creating new beers, mostly inspired by the American take on the style, but often adding a regional twist of their own."
1264:
417:
Black IPA (also known as
Cascadian Dark Ale (CDA) or American Black Ale) is not pale in colour. Black IPAs share the bitter hoppy flavours of other IPAs; however, the use of roasted malts gives them a much darker malty flavour.
296:
IPA style beers started being exported to other colonial countries, such as
Australia and New Zealand, around this time with many breweries dropping the 'I' in 'IPA' and simply calling them Pale Ales or Export Pales.
539:
inspired by India pale ale. But unlike IPAs, IPLs are fermented with a lager yeast strain at lower, and hence, colder lager fermentation temperatures. They generally combine a crisp lager finish with amplified hops.
512:, although these are not the only hops that can be used; often breweries around the world emulating the style will use local New-World hop varieties, or may use a combination of American and local hops.
383:, which had been made in the U.S. since 1890 until the 1990s, proved inspirational. The traditional IPA style was well-suited to model the intense flavour and aroma of American hops. Bert Grant of
524:. Created in collaboration between 2 breweries; Larry Sidor the brewmaster at Oregon-based Deschutes Brewery, and Belgian-born Steven Pauwels, brewmaster at Boulevard Brewing in 2010.
1698:
328:. By the 1960s White Shield had become a cult drink brewed in small quantities for a dedicated following, but it found renewed popularity in the early 1970s when the demand for
422:
of Vermont Pub & Brewery created the first black IPA for sale on draught only in the pub in the early 1990s, but it didn't become popular in the United States until 2009.
266:
was fermented, meaning few residual sugars, and they were heavily hopped. While IPAs were formulated to survive long voyages by sea better than other styles of the time,
1323:
430:
A crisp, dry IPA, the Brut IPA was invented by Kim Sturdavant, head brewer at San Francisco's Social Kitchen and Brewery. To make a brut IPA, brewers add the enzyme
1388:
145:
The pale ales of the early 18th century were lightly hopped and quite different from today's pale ales. By the mid-18th century, pale ale was brewed mostly with
225:'s brewery's chief maltser, Job Goodhead, developed a strongly-hopped pale ale in the style of Hodgson's for export to India. Other Burton brewers, including
1567:
255:
in 1827 proved successful and a regular trade emerged with the key British agents and retailers: Griffiths & Co in Madras; Adam, Skinner and Co. in
704:
The water of Burton on Trent contains a very high concentration of sulphate which accentuates the bitterness of beer. See Daniels, Foster, and Cornell.
1412:
695:
Mark Hodgson died in 1810, leaving the Bow Brewery in the care of a trust. His only surviving son, Frederick, took control of the brewery in 1819.
1785:
379:
In the late 20th century craft beer revolution in the United States, brewers began seeking out old beer styles that had fallen out of vogue;
443:
richer in the hop character compared to a standard IPA. The style is claimed to have originated with Vinnie Cilurzo, currently the owner of
2095:
1706:
1728:
1620:
610:
1348:
728:
1592:
1543:
380:
1919:
1371:
2180:
2130:
2048:
2022:
1999:
780:
335:
The revival of IPA in modern times dates to a seminar on Burton pale ales organised by publican Mark Dorber at his pub, the
913:
1742:
1888:
1520:
491:
Triple IPAs are characterized by higher hop flavours and higher alcohol content, with alcohol content usually over 10%
301:
and many competitors sent much export beer across the world by steam ship to auction off to wholesalers upon arrival.
1308:
2152:
1290:
1150:
882:
594:
663:
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360:
562:
584:
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321:
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578:
458:
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1208:
552:
404:
1646:
1025:
1437:
17:
1463:
2173:
509:
199:
breweries lost their export market in Continental Europe, including Scandinavia and Russia, when the
1238:
626:
2032:
222:
347:
In the 21st century, US-influenced IPA is one of the most popular beer styles in the UK. In 2019,
1223:
336:
1166:
1193:
448:
324:
is an example of a historic India Pale Ale, first brewed in 1829 principally for export to the
168:
Among the first brewers known to export beer to India was George Hodgson's Bow Brewery, on the
1857:
262:
Early IPAs were only slightly higher in alcohol than other beers brewed then, but more of the
2100:
508:. As such, they commonly taste of resin as well as citrus and tropical fruit from the use of
274:
120:
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642:
616:
452:
546:
8:
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600:
280:
240:
1494:
2063:
2011:
1834:
1810:
1760:
1064:
632:
476:
471:
New England IPA (NEIPA, also referred to as Hazy IPA or Juicy IPA or, less frequently,
396:
230:
200:
177:
124:
233:, followed Allsopp's lead, taking advantage of Burton water in brewing similar beers.
153:
in the malting process, and hence produced a paler beer. One such variety of beer was
2477:
2412:
2220:
2126:
2044:
2018:
1995:
1959:
1470:
1413:"The IPA is dead, long live the IPA: Why the love-it-or-hate-it beer is here to stay"
924:
786:
776:
736:
568:
492:
315:
298:
273:
By the 1860s, India pale ales were widely brewed in England, and they were much more
196:
63:
2270:
2677:
2657:
2487:
2402:
2040:
431:
185:
73:
2312:
1927:
206:
2482:
2275:
1980:
1967:
1524:
1070:
356:
236:
140:
39:
1786:"Your guide to 5 IPAs: Decoding the different styles of this hop-intensive beer"
2667:
2397:
1075:
1071:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
384:
325:
189:
56:
371:
2722:
2687:
2645:
2337:
2332:
2292:
2265:
2235:
2089:
2086:
Hops & Glory: One Man's Search for the Beer That Built the British Empire
2058:
1597:
1528:
1474:
928:
790:
740:
267:
158:
83:
2702:
1971:
1963:
1896:
2507:
648:
392:
284:
Best India Pale Ale, bottled expressly for export by A. W. Palmer & Co.
226:
2707:
2640:
2610:
2598:
2581:
2576:
2537:
2447:
2344:
2230:
1873:
536:
419:
388:
340:
311:
215:
162:
146:
136:
1992:
Designing Great Beers: The Ultimate Guide to Brewing Classic Beer Styles
180:
traders' provisions in the late 18th century for being two miles up the
2615:
2593:
2566:
2532:
2437:
2427:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2302:
2250:
2245:
2189:
1517:
521:
520:
White IPAs combine the flavours of an American IPA and a Belgian-style
475:
IPA) was invented by John Kimmich in 2004 at the Alchemist Brewery in
211:
105:
2571:
2544:
2527:
2514:
2497:
2469:
2349:
2255:
2240:
2215:
2158:
2123:
IPA: Brewing Techniques, Recipes, and the Evolution of India Pale Ale
181:
169:
2432:
1699:"The Haze Craze: 11 Breweries Outside of New England Making NE IPAs"
2682:
2652:
2588:
2559:
2549:
2327:
2317:
1568:"The 'Haze Craze': Beer Lovers' Newfound Obsession With Murky IPAs"
329:
290:
244:
109:
1621:"How I learned to stop worrying and love hazy IPA — some hazy IPA"
203:
was imposed, and were seeking a new export market for their beer.
2672:
2442:
2322:
2210:
1544:"Hold it, which Blind Pig beer was one of the first Double IPAs?"
480:
472:
348:
252:
248:
154:
45:
2502:
2492:
2422:
2417:
2374:
2280:
2260:
2147:
1729:"New England-Style, Hazy Ales Finally Get Industry Recognition"
1374:
Gloucester, Swannay, and Wibblers Brewery take overall UK Gold.
256:
150:
483:
and occasionally fruit to make a New England IPA more creamy.
451:, California, in 1994 at the now-defunct Blind Pig Brewery in
2620:
2554:
2452:
2389:
2364:
2354:
173:
161:, who brewed it domestically; once brewed it was intended to
116:
2096:"Oregon Brewers Played an Outsized Role in Popularizing IPA"
2407:
2297:
1982:
Amber, Gold & Black: The Story of Britain's Great Beers
533:
263:
102:
351:
Punk IPA was the country's best selling craft beer in the
2202:
2105:
352:
318:
Eagle IPA (3.6%) are examples of IPAs in this tradition.
149:-fired malt, which produced less smoking and roasting of
115:
India pale ale was originally an export beer shipped to
1874:"White IPA: The Beer Born from a Brainstorming Session"
1003:, p. 154 discusses the high level of fermentation.
270:
was also successfully shipped to India and California.
1593:"It's Official: New England India Pale Ale Is a Style"
978:
375:
Ballantine's of New Jersey, brewers of Ballantine IPA
2062:
2010:
775:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 485.
875:
2720:
1761:"What Exactly Is a Milkshake IPA? • Hop Culture"
1322:Moyle, Nick; Hood, Richard (27 September 2017).
1302:
1300:
1291:"What do we really know about how to brew Bass?"
498:
1256:
1230:
682:The Bow Brewery was on the west bank, south of
2013:Pale Ale: History, Brewing Techniques, Recipes
1590:
527:
462:A New England IPA with typical hazy appearance
2174:
1297:
999:, pp. 17–21 discusses the hopping rate;
1389:"Bert Grant: The Godfather of Craft Brewing"
1057:
907:
905:
903:
729:"A history of the authentically global beer"
157:, a pale well-hopped brew popular among the
1743:"Brewers Association Beer Style Guidelines"
1673:"The New England Style IPA Is the Anti-IPA"
1155:. Harper & Brothers. pp. 598, 599.
2181:
2167:
1591:Alström, Jason; Alström, Todd (May 2017).
1541:
1349:"BrewDog Punk IPA sales increase by 19.7%"
1288:
1032:. Anchor Brewing Company. 14 February 2014
38:
2065:The Brewing Industry in England 1700-1830
2017:(Second ed.). Brewers Publications.
1953:
1461:
1321:
1309:"Taste the IPA that launched the revival"
1289:Boak, Jessica; Bailey, Ray (7 May 2020).
1221:
1206:
1191:
1096:"Wandsworth in the Fields. In thorough."
1067:inflation figures are based on data from
1018:
900:
833:
359:Muckle IPA won overall craft keg gold in
221:At the behest of the East India Company,
176:boundary. Its beers became popular among
2468:
1670:
1644:
669:
532:India pale lager (IPL) or Cold IPA is a
457:
370:
279:
259:and Bruce, Allen & Co. in Calcutta.
205:
2057:
2031:
1989:
1978:
1262:
1148:
1133:
1121:
1051:
1000:
984:
972:
948:
869:
857:
821:
817:
815:
806:
802:
800:
14:
2721:
2188:
2120:
2008:
1886:
1386:
1109:
1026:"In the Room: The Story of Anchor IPA"
1012:
996:
960:
845:
770:
2162:
1917:
1696:
1346:
1306:
1152:An Encyclopæaedia of Domestic Economy
1144:
1142:
1068:
911:
883:"How the India Pale Ale Got Its Name"
723:
721:
1618:
1236:
914:"Indian Pale Ale: an Icon of Empire"
812:
797:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
1438:"Let's Talk Beer Styles: Black IPA"
1265:"Drink the beer, swallow the tonic"
1263:Jackson, Michael (29 August 1992).
1237:Fort, Matthew (22 September 2007).
1192:Pattinson, Ron (13 February 2016).
921:Commodities of Empire Working Paper
24:
2075:
1835:"Beer Judge Certification Program"
1811:"Beer Judge Certification Program"
1778:
1462:Fabricant, Florence (2018-12-21).
1347:Stone, Stuart (26 November 2019).
1139:
718:
466:
277:and hopped than porters and ales.
25:
2740:
2140:
2069:. CUP Archive. GGKEY:DYD5N29F6JD.
1647:"New England IPA: The Haze Craze"
1307:Protz, Roger (14 November 2016).
753:
304:
2701:
2146:
1671:Sparhawk, Andy (2 August 2017).
1651:American Homebrewers Association
1372:Society of Independent Brewers.
1224:"Let's Brew 1923 Whitbread IPA!"
641:
625:
609:
593:
577:
561:
545:
366:
1911:
1880:
1866:
1851:
1827:
1803:
1753:
1735:
1721:
1690:
1664:
1638:
1612:
1584:
1560:
1542:Hieronymus, Stan (2013-01-14).
1535:
1511:
1487:
1455:
1430:
1405:
1380:
1365:
1340:
1315:
1282:
1222:Pattinson, Ron (2 March 2009).
1215:
1200:
1185:
1159:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1090:
1045:
1006:
990:
966:
954:
942:
698:
689:
676:
108:within the broader category of
2616:Steam beer / California Common
1887:Bernot, Kate (10 March 2016).
1645:Moorhead, John (August 2016).
1207:Pattinson, Ron (10 May 2020).
863:
851:
839:
827:
664:Craft brewery and microbrewery
13:
1:
1956:The London and Country Brewer
1946:
1918:Colby, Chris (4 April 2014).
1387:Messer, Ryan (23 June 2017).
499:American IPA / West Coast IPA
486:
445:Russian River Brewing Company
437:
2663:Beer and breweries by region
1697:Stein, Jason (8 June 2017).
1167:"IPA: the executive summary"
773:The Oxford Companion to Beer
711:
515:
412:
7:
1495:"The Birth of the Brut IPA"
1209:"Bass Pale Ale 1851 - 1994"
657:
528:India pale lager / Cold IPA
425:
337:White Horse, Parson's Green
10:
2745:
1619:Noel, Josh (5 July 2017).
385:Yakima Brewing and Malting
322:Worthington's White Shield
134:
130:
125:British East India Company
27:Beer with high hop content
2696:
2633:
2523:
2461:
2388:
2201:
1958:. London: Thomas Astley.
1889:"What the hell's an IPL?"
363:Independent Beer Awards.
82:
72:
62:
52:
37:
32:
2125:. Brewers Publications.
1994:. Brewers Publications.
1979:Cornell, Martyn (2008).
1532:. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
1499:Craft Beer & Brewing
1149:Webster, Thomas (1815).
771:Oliver, Garrett (2012).
405:Oxford Companion to Beer
210:19th century poster for
188:, and Hodgson's liberal
2037:The World Guide to Beer
1924:Beer & Wine Journal
1069:Clark, Gregory (2017).
395:hops, grown locally in
2121:Steele, Mitch (2012).
2009:Foster, Terry (1999).
1393:Yakima Herald-Republic
686:with a wharf opposite.
463:
376:
285:
243:'s trial shipments of
218:
2101:All Things Considered
1990:Daniels, Ray (1996).
1518:"American Double IPA"
1377:Retrieved 23 May 2020
1100:, 15 June 1837, p. 2.
670:Explanatory footnotes
461:
374:
291:Guinness Double Stout
283:
209:
2308:Kentucky common beer
2155:at Wikimedia Commons
1985:. Zythography Press.
912:Pryor, Alan (2009).
887:Smithsonian Magazine
2226:Australian pale ale
1747:Brewers Association
1709:on 27 December 2019
1030:Anchor Brewing Blog
214:, an IPA brewer in
201:Napoleonic blockade
1954:Anonymous (1744).
1920:"India Pale Lager"
1899:on 8 November 2020
1876:. 4 November 2015.
1858:What is White IPA?
1523:2014-12-07 at the
1467:The New York Times
1464:"Meet Brut I.P.A."
1353:Morning Advertiser
1065:Retail Price Index
477:Waterbury, Vermont
464:
434:to remove sugars.
397:Yakima, Washington
377:
286:
247:of "India Ale" to
219:
178:East India Company
44:Hardcore IPA from
2716:
2715:
2629:
2628:
2478:American wild ale
2413:Dortmunder Export
2221:American pale ale
2151:Media related to
2132:978-1-938469-00-8
2050:978-0-345-27408-3
2024:978-0-937381-69-4
2001:978-0-937381-50-2
1790:Los Angeles Times
1442:pastemagazine.com
1124:, pp. 157–58
782:978-0-19-536713-3
510:American "C" hops
299:Kirkstall Brewery
121:under the control
92:
91:
64:Alcohol by volume
53:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
2736:
2706:
2705:
2678:Low-alcohol beer
2658:Barrel-aged beer
2488:Flanders red ale
2466:
2465:
2403:Australian lager
2183:
2176:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2150:
2136:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2070:
2068:
2054:
2041:Ballantine Books
2033:Jackson, Michael
2028:
2016:
2005:
1986:
1975:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1926:. Archived from
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1895:. Archived from
1884:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1864:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1731:. 20 March 2018.
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1705:. Archived from
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1642:
1636:
1635:
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1616:
1610:
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1607:
1605:
1588:
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1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1548:Appellation Beer
1539:
1533:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1491:
1485:
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1482:
1481:
1459:
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1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
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1378:
1369:
1363:
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1360:
1359:
1344:
1338:
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1313:
1312:
1304:
1295:
1294:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1171:Zythophile.co.uk
1163:
1157:
1156:
1146:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
939:
937:
935:
918:
909:
898:
897:
895:
893:
879:
873:
872:, pp. 97–98
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
836:, pp. 72–73
831:
825:
819:
810:
804:
795:
794:
768:
751:
750:
748:
747:
725:
705:
702:
696:
693:
687:
680:
645:
629:
613:
597:
581:
565:
549:
432:amyloglucosidase
387:identified that
332:grew in the UK.
186:East India Docks
74:Original gravity
42:
30:
29:
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2708:Beer portal
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2483:Berliner Weisse
2457:
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2197:
2187:
2153:India Pale Ales
2143:
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2109:
2094:
2078:
2076:Further reading
2073:
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2002:
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1239:"Vintage beers"
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1173:. 31 March 2010
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572:Two Hearted Ale
571:
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550:
530:
518:
501:
489:
469:
467:New England IPA
455:, California.
440:
428:
415:
369:
314:IPA (3.7%) and
307:
237:London East End
143:
141:Burton-on-Trent
133:
48:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2742:
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2668:Beer sommelier
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2288:India pale ale
2285:
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2271:Bière de Garde
2263:
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2141:External links
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2059:Mathias, Peter
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1930:on 20 May 2022
1910:
1893:Draft Magazine
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1703:Paste Magazine
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1324:"10 best IPAs"
1314:
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1102:
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1076:MeasuringWorth
1056:
1044:
1017:
1005:
989:
987:, p. 190.
977:
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834:Anonymous 1744
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652:India Pale Ale
647:
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620:120 Minute IPA
615:
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604:India Pale Ale
599:
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381:Ballantine IPA
368:
365:
326:British Empire
306:
305:United Kingdom
303:
132:
129:
95:India pale ale
90:
89:
86:
80:
79:
76:
70:
69:
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57:United Kingdom
54:
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43:
35:
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33:India pale ale
26:
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2:
2741:
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2688:Seasonal beer
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2338:Baltic porter
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2108:. 1 June 2024
2107:
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2090:Pan Macmillan
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1677:CraftBeer.com
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1598:Beer Advocate
1594:
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1529:Beer Advocate
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1203:
1195:
1194:"English IPA"
1188:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1143:
1136:, p. 112
1135:
1130:
1123:
1118:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1093:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:, p. 156
1053:
1048:
1031:
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1014:
1009:
1002:
998:
993:
986:
981:
975:, p. 102
974:
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945:
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926:
922:
915:
908:
906:
904:
888:
884:
878:
871:
866:
860:, p. 154
859:
854:
847:
842:
835:
830:
824:, p. 104
823:
818:
816:
809:, p. 155
808:
803:
801:
792:
788:
784:
778:
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767:
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761:
759:
757:
742:
738:
734:
733:The Economist
730:
724:
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661:
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644:
639:
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623:
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585:Southern Tier
580:
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367:United States
364:
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319:
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316:Charles Wells
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159:landed gentry
156:
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142:
138:
128:
126:
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118:
113:
111:
107:
104:
100:
96:
87:
85:
84:Final gravity
81:
77:
75:
71:
67:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2462:Other styles
2287:
2122:
2110:. Retrieved
2099:
2085:
2064:
2039:. New York:
2036:
2012:
1991:
1981:
1955:
1932:. Retrieved
1928:the original
1923:
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1897:the original
1892:
1882:
1868:
1861:
1853:
1842:. Retrieved
1839:www.bjcp.org
1838:
1829:
1818:. Retrieved
1815:www.bjcp.org
1814:
1805:
1794:. Retrieved
1792:. 2014-02-22
1789:
1780:
1769:. Retrieved
1767:. 2020-01-20
1764:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1723:
1711:. Retrieved
1707:the original
1702:
1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1676:
1666:
1654:. Retrieved
1650:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1624:
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1596:
1586:
1575:. Retrieved
1571:
1562:
1551:. Retrieved
1547:
1537:
1527:
1513:
1502:. Retrieved
1498:
1489:
1478:. Retrieved
1466:
1457:
1446:. Retrieved
1444:. 2016-04-20
1441:
1432:
1421:. Retrieved
1419:. 2022-04-26
1416:
1407:
1396:. Retrieved
1392:
1382:
1373:
1367:
1356:. Retrieved
1352:
1342:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:
1317:
1284:
1272:. Retrieved
1268:
1258:
1246:. Retrieved
1243:The Guardian
1242:
1232:
1217:
1202:
1187:
1175:. Retrieved
1170:
1161:
1151:
1134:Cornell 2008
1129:
1122:Daniels 1996
1117:
1112:, p. 65
1105:
1097:
1092:
1080:. Retrieved
1074:
1059:
1052:Daniels 1996
1047:
1034:. Retrieved
1029:
1020:
1015:, p. 21
1008:
1001:Daniels 1996
992:
985:Mathias 1959
980:
973:Cornell 2008
968:
963:, p. 26
956:
951:, p. 98
949:Cornell 2008
944:
932:. Retrieved
920:
890:. Retrieved
886:
877:
870:Cornell 2008
865:
858:Daniels 1996
853:
848:, p. 13
841:
829:
822:Cornell 2008
807:Daniels 1996
772:
744:. Retrieved
732:
700:
691:
678:
617:Dogfish Head
553:Great Divide
531:
519:
502:
490:
470:
441:
429:
416:
403:
401:
378:
346:
334:
320:
308:
295:
287:
272:
261:
235:
220:
195:
167:
155:October beer
144:
127:until 1858.
119:, which was
114:
98:
94:
93:
2729:Beer styles
2641:Abbey beers
2611:Spruce beer
2599:Smoked beer
2577:Millet beer
2538:Banana beer
2448:Schwarzbier
2345:Pumpkin ale
2231:Barley wine
2190:Beer styles
2082:Brown, Pete
1934:25 November
1903:25 November
1765:Hop Culture
1713:25 November
1682:25 November
1656:25 November
1630:25 November
1328:Independent
1110:Foster 1999
1013:Foster 1999
997:Foster 1999
961:Foster 1999
934:17 February
846:Foster 1999
420:Greg Noonan
341:Roger Protz
312:Greene King
241:Charrington
231:Salt and Co
216:Northampton
190:credit line
165:two years.
137:Bow, London
88:1.000–1.025
78:1.050–1.090
2594:Small beer
2567:Light beer
2533:Fruit beer
2438:Pale lager
2428:Kellerbier
2380:Wheat beer
2370:Strong ale
2360:Scotch ale
2303:Grodziskie
2251:Copper ale
2246:Burton ale
1947:References
1862:The Manual
1844:2023-07-12
1820:2023-09-15
1796:2020-04-12
1771:2020-04-12
1604:6 November
1577:2020-04-12
1553:2022-10-21
1504:2020-04-12
1480:2020-04-12
1448:2020-04-12
1423:2022-08-09
1398:2020-04-11
1358:2020-05-23
1333:2020-05-23
1177:6 November
892:6 November
746:2020-04-11
684:Bow bridge
633:Nils Oscar
537:beer style
522:wheat beer
487:Triple IPA
449:Santa Rosa
438:Double IPA
275:attenuated
135:See also:
106:beer style
18:Double IPA
2604:Rauchbier
2572:Malt beer
2545:Hard soda
2528:Corn beer
2515:Oud bruin
2498:Framboise
2470:Sour beer
2350:Quadrupel
2256:Cream ale
2241:Brown ale
2216:Amber ale
1972:24190346M
1475:0362-4331
1098:The Times
929:1756-0098
791:706025045
741:0013-0613
712:Citations
636:India Ale
556:Titan IPA
516:White IPA
413:Black IPA
357:Swannay's
349:Brewdog's
245:hogsheads
184:from the
170:Middlesex
2723:Category
2683:Real ale
2653:Adjuncts
2646:Trappist
2634:See also
2589:Rye beer
2560:Podpiwek
2550:Ice beer
2328:Pale ale
2318:Mild ale
2276:Grisette
2084:(2009),
2061:(1959).
2035:(1978).
1964:22476249
1521:Archived
1274:12 April
1248:12 April
1036:28 April
658:See also
601:Fuller's
453:Temecula
426:Brut IPA
353:on-trade
330:real ale
253:Calcutta
123:of the
110:pale ale
2673:Brewery
2443:Pilsner
2323:Old ale
2211:Altbier
1572:NPR.org
649:Nøgne Ø
481:lactose
473:Vermont
402:As the
393:Chinook
389:Cascade
239:brewer
223:Allsopp
131:History
101:) is a
68:4.5–20%
46:BrewDog
2503:Gueuze
2493:Lambic
2433:Märzen
2423:Helles
2418:Dunkel
2375:Tripel
2333:Porter
2313:Kölsch
2281:Saison
2261:Dubbel
2236:Bitter
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