Diversity of fish - Knowledge

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feed by sucking up mud containing micro-organisms and organic debris. The lamprey has well-developed eyes, while the hagfish has only primitive eyespots. The hagfish coats itself and carcasses it finds with noxious slime to deter predators, and periodically ties itself into a knot to scrape the slime

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Fish are found in nearly all natural aquatic environments. Most fish, whether by species count or abundance, live in warmer environments with relatively stable temperatures. However, some species survive temperatures up to 44.6 °C (112.3 °F), while others cope with colder waters; there are

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Venomous fish carry their venom in venom glands and use various delivery systems, such as spines, sharp fins, barbs, spikes or fangs. Venomous fish tend to be either very visible, using flamboyant colors to warn enemies, or skilfully camouflaged and may be buried in the sand. Apart from the defense

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uses its mouth to climb waterfalls by inching up rocks like a caterpillar, using its mouth as a sucker together with another sucker on its stomach. When the fish is young, it undergoes a radical transformation when it moves from saltwater to a freshwater stream. The mouth migrates over a period of

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or stamping on the bottom, as the rays detect this and swim away. The stinger usually breaks off in the wound. It is barbed, so it can easily penetrate but cannot be easily removed. The stinger causes local trauma from the cut itself, pain and swelling from the venom, and possible later infection

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shark is fast and agile enough to chase down and kill an adult swordfish. However, sometimes in the struggle the swordfish kills the shark by ramming it in the gills or belly. The shortfin mako's speed has been recorded at 50 kilometres per hour (31 mph), and there are reports that it can

1349:. This species is among the longest-living species found in freshwater, with a reported age of 60 years. They are also among the largest fish species found in freshwater, with a maximum reported length of 2.5 meters (8.2 ft) and a maximum reported weight of 159 kg (351 lb). 2744:

species cannot see this if their vision is not sensitive to ultraviolet. There is further evidence for this view that some fish use ultraviolet as a "high-fidelity secret communication channel hidden from predators", while yet other species use ultraviolet to make social or sexual signals.

3381:. There are more venomous fish than venomous snakes. In fact, there are more venomous fish than the combined total of all other venomous vertebrates. Venomous fish are found in almost all habitats around the world, but mostly in tropical waters. They wound over 50,000 people every year. 3779:. Likewise, important traditional for anchovy and sardine fisheries have operated in the Pacific, the Mediterranean, and the southeast Atlantic. The world annual catch of forage fish in recent years has been around 25 million tonnes, or one quarter of the world's total catch. 2694:

have two specially-adapted eyes which are raised above the top of their head. The eyes are divided in two different parts, and the fish floats at the water surface with only the lower half of each eye underwater. The two halves are divided by a band of tissue and the eye has two

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prey on land-based insects and other small animals by shooting them down with water droplets from their specialized mouths. Archerfish are remarkably accurate; adults almost always hit the target on the first shot. They can bring down arthropods such as grasshoppers,

7034: 232:, and no bony skeleton. Their skin is smooth and soft to the touch, and they are very flexible. Instead of a jaw, they possess an oral sucker. They use this to fasten onto other fish, and then use their rasp-like teeth to grind through their host's skin into the 2769:

eyes which are generally directed upwards to detect the silhouettes of available prey. The eyes, which dominate and protrude from the skull, may be swivelled forwards in some species. Their eyes have a large lens and a retina with an exceptional number of

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goldfish passed from generation to generation for 300 years. Scientists are sceptical. Counting growth lines on the scales of fish confined to ponds or bowls is unreliable, since they lay down extra lines. The maximum reliably reported age for a

4219:. However, despite ethnological reports dating back to the late 19th century, the first documented case of the removal of a vampire fish from a human urethra did not occur until 1997, and even that incident has remained a matter of controversy. 1104:. It has adapted fins which can grab strands of sargassum, enabling it to climb through the seaweed. It avoids threats from larger predator fish by climbing out of water onto the surface of a seaweed mat, where it can survive for some time. 506:. The chondrosteans and holosteans are among the earlier fish to evolve, and share characteristics with both teleosts and sharks. In comparison with the other chondrosteans, the holosteans are closer to the teleosts and further from sharks. 3586:. They are attractive aquarium fish, sometimes used to stock ponds, and may have been washed into the sea during a hurricane. Lionfish can aggressively dart at scuba divers and attempt to puncture their facemask with their venomous spines. 2788:

has a transparent protective dome over the top of its head, somewhat like the dome over an airplane cockpit, through which the lenses of its eyes can be seen. The dome is tough and flexible, and presumably protects the eyes from the

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Nielsen, Julius; Hedeholm, Rasmus B.; Heinemeier, Jan; Bushnell, Peter G.; Christiansen, Jørgen S.; Olsen, Jesper; Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Brill, Richard W.; Simon, Malene; Steffensen, Kirstine F.; Steffensen, John F. (2016).

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that sits on the bottom waiting for prey to approach. Instead of swimming away if disturbed, it erects the 13 venomous spines along its back. For defense, it can shoot venom from each or all of these spines. Each spine is like a

2071:. When seahorses mate, the female deposits her eggs into a special pouch on the male's belly. The pouch seals shut while he nurtures the developing eggs. Once the eggs hatch, the pouch opens and the male goes into labour. 7031: 2140:

Early fish lineages had inflexible jaws limited to little more than opening and closing. Modern teleosts have evolved protusible jaws that can reach out to engulf prey. An extreme example is the protusible jaw of the

2703:. The upper half of the eye is adapted for vision in air, while the lower half is adapted for vision in water. The lens of the eye also changes in thickness top to bottom to account for the difference in the 1370:. One individual has lived in an aquarium for at least 75 years, and is the oldest fish in captivity. According to fossil records, the Australian lungfish has hardly changed for 380 million years. 3149:, a structure in the fish's head which allows it to breathe atmospheric oxygen. Their method of terrestrial locomotion uses the gill plates as supports, and the fish pushes itself using its fins and tail. 6987:

Morin, James G.; Harrington, Anne; Nealson, Kenneth; Krieger, Neil; Baldwin, Thomas O.; Hastings, J. W. (1975). "Light for All Reasons: Versatility in the Behavioral Repertoire of the Flashlight Fish".

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In practice, feeding modes lie on a spectrum, with suction and ram feeding at the extremes. Many fish capture their prey using both suction pressure combined with a forward motion of the body or jaw.

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By contrast, poisonous fish do not bite, sting, or stab to deliver their toxins, but they are poisonous to eat because they contain toxins in their body that the digestive system does not destroy.

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or hunting value, venom helps bottom-dwelling fish by killing the bacteria that tries to invade their skin. Few of these venoms have been studied. They are a yet-to-be-tapped resource for

3120:). The fish spent 45 seconds aloft, and was able to stay aloft by occasionally beating the surface of the water with its caudal (tail) fin. The previous record was 42 seconds. 3392:

Treatment for venom stings usually includes the application of heat, using water at temperatures of about 45 °C (113 °F), since heat breaks down most complex venom proteins.

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achieve bursts of up to 74 kilometres per hour (46 mph). It can jump up to 9 meters (30 ft) in the air. Due to its speed and agility, this high-leaping fish is sought as

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on a branch of an overhanging tree 3 m (9.8 ft) above the water's surface. This is partially due to good eyesight, but also due to their ability to compensate for light

1939:, caring for their offspring by holding them in the mouth of a parent for extended periods of time. Mouthbrooding has evolved independently in several different families of fish. 1908:, bearing their young after the brood nourish themselves, both after hatching and before birth, by consuming the remnants of the yolk and other available nutrients. Some, such as 4101:, an African freshwater fish, has an exceptionally large brain-to-body weight ratio. These fish have the largest brain-to-body oxygen consumption ratio of all known vertebrates. 3611:. The stargazer buries itself and can deliver electric shocks as well as venom. It is a delicacy in some cultures (cooking destroys the venom), and can be found for sale in some 1501:

are 6.2–7.3 mm (0.24–0.29 in) long at maturity, and thus could be claimed as an even smaller species. However, these males do not survive on their own merit, only by

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with a maximum published length of 20 m (66 ft) and a maximum weight of 34 tonnes (33 long tons; 37 short tons). Whale sharks can live up to 70 years and are a

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toxin from glands on its skin when touched. The toxin is only dangerous when ingested, so the fish poses no immediate risk to human divers. However, predators as large as

8057: 3006:. Both have been recorded in a burst at over 110 kilometres per hour (68 mph). For the sailfish, that is equivalent to 12 to 15 times their own length per second. 4190:

two days from the front of its head to its chin. This allows the fish to feed by scraping algae from rocks. Pictured is the goby before and after the transformation.

2145:. Its mouth extends into a tube half as long as its body, which creates a strong suction to catch prey. The extended mouth tucks away under its body when not in use. 3863:

is big business U.S. saltwater fishers spend about $ 30 billion annually and support 350,000 jobs. Some of the more popular recreational and sport fish include

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Fish hold the records for the relative brain weights of vertebrates. Most vertebrate species have similar brain-to-body weight ratios. The deep sea bathypelagic

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and corresponding modifications in the jaw musculature. These modifications make it possible for teleosts to protrude their jaws outwards from the mouth. The

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of 7.9 mm (0.31 in) at maturity. Until recently, this was the smallest of all known vertebrates. However, in 2012 a minute Papua New Guinea frog,

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live in the deeper waters of the twilight zone, down to depths of 1000 metres, where the amount of sunlight available is not sufficient to support

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Snorkeling and scuba diving attracts millions of people to beaches, coral reefs, lakes, and other bodies of water to view fish and other marine life.

1525:, is the second smallest known fish. Females grow to a length of 8.4 millimetres (0.33 in) and males are mature at 7 millimetres (0.28 in). 1636:

is the longest bony fish. Its total length can reach 11 m (36 ft), and it can weigh up to 272 kilograms (600 lb). It is a rarely seen

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at a depth of 8,372 meters (27,467 ft). Due to the extreme pressure, this appears to be around the theoretical maximum depth possible for fish.

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of air versus water. Their diet mostly consists of the terrestrial insects which are available at the surface, where they spend most of their time.

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has been modified so it can be used like a fishing line with a lure at the end. Most anglerfish, like the one pictured, live in the darkness of the

1471:, with a standard length of 7.7 mm (0.30 in) was discovered. The slender Indonesian fish may still be the smallest vertebrate by weight. 6751: 527: 5278: 475:. They are bony fish with fleshy, lobed paired fins, which are joined to the body by a single bone. These fins evolved into the legs of the first 4292: 2877: 191:

into systems. It is complex and still evolving. Controversies over "arcane, but important, details of classification are still quietly raging".

7238: 5677: 3223:, although to only modest heights. There are some species of fish that can "walk" along the sea floor but not on land. One such animal is the 2338:

which derives its name from the way it removes small circular plugs, looking as though cut with a cookie cutter, from the flesh and skin of

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were the earliest fish to evolve. There is current debate over whether these are really fish at all. They have no jaw, no scales, no paired

6493: 5469:"Paedocypris, a new genus of Southeast Asian cyprinid fish with a remarkable sexual dimorphism, comprises the world's smallest vertebrate" 3084:

is perhaps the fastest fish for its size, attaining a speed of 19 lengths per second, reaching 78 kilometres per hour (48 mph).

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skeleton. However, their ancestors were bony animals, and were the first fish to develop paired fins. Cartilaginous fish don't have

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There is 10,000 times as much saltwater in the oceans as there is freshwater in the lakes and rivers. However, only 58 per cent of

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Munk, K. (2001) "Maximum Ages of Groundfishes in Waters off Alaska and British Columbia and Considerations of Age Determination".

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A number of species jump while swimming near the surface, skimming the water. Other species walk along the bottom on their fins.

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Lauder, GV (1980). "Evolution of the feeding mechanism in primitive actinopterygian fishes: a functional anatomical analysis of

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poisoning if eaten. Outbreaks of ciguatera poisoning in the 11th to 15th centuries from large, carnivorous reef fish, caused by

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is capable of sustained high speed cruising, and maintains high muscle temperatures so it can cruise in relatively cold waters.

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can release venom only if something strikes its spines. Although not native to the U.S. coast, lionfish have appeared around

7994:"Evolutionary novelty versus exaptation: Oral kinematics in feeding versus climbing in the waterfall-climbing Hawaiian goby 6433: 5906: 5633: 5317: 4739:. Eds. P.Saundry & C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC 7970:

Hallucinatory Fish Poisoning (Ichthyoallyeinotoxism): Two Case Reports From the Western Mediterranean and Literature Review

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Theodore W. Pietsch (1975). "Precocious sexual parasitism in the deep sea ceratioid anglerfish, Cryptopsaras couesi Gill".

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of three to fifteen females. When no male is available, the most aggressive and largest females change their sex to male.

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about 34,800 species of fish had been described as of February 2022, which is more than the combined total of all other

2579:, maintaining a near stationary position atop a coral patch for several minutes while being cleaned by cleaner fishes. 429: 129:

constitute the centre of diversity for marine fishes, whereas continental freshwater fishes are most diverse in large

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to attract tiny males. When a male finds her, he bites on to her and holds on. When a male of the anglerfish species

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is the shortest lived of all fish species. It lives at most for 59 days, which is the shortest lifespan for any

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Losey, G. S. Jr (2003). "Crypsis and communication functions of UV-visible coloration in two coral reef damselfish,

592:) with nearly 30,000 species, covering about 96 per cent of all extant fish species. They are ubiquitous throughout 588:

are the most advanced or "modern" fishes. They are overwhelmingly the dominant class of fishes (or for that matter,

4536: 4908: 512: 8298: 8235: 7144: 6390:"River and wetland food webs in Australia's wet-dry tropics: general principles and implications for management" 5134: 1640:, found in all the world's oceans at depths of between 20 m (66 ft) and 1,000 m (3,300 ft). 7107: 5540:

Rittmeyer, Eric N.; Allison, Allen; Gründler, Michael C.; Thompson, Derrick K.; Austin, Christopher C. (2012).

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and the north Pacific, yielding about 6 million tonnes, while cod amounts to about 9 million tonnes.

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feeds at the surface of the water with eyes that allow it to see above and below the surface at the same time.

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can occur to people who wade in shallow water and tread on them. This can be avoided by shuffling through the

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Most fish are food opportunists, or generalists. They eat whatever is most easily available. For example, the

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have probably been discovered and described, about 250 new ones are still discovered every year. According to

7629: 4236: 3219:, and tripod-like walking. The mudskipper is able to spend days moving about out of water and can even climb 543: 274: 7738: 6128:"Adaptive Significance of Intra- and Interspecific Differences in the Feeding Repertoires of Cichlid Fishes" 1786: 1694:

In very deep waters, it is not easy for a fish to find a mate. There is no light, so some species depend on

1536: 9349: 8383: 7121: 6055: 5882: 8283: 6612: 6375: 5862: 5385: 4563: 4295: 7260:"Venom Evolution Widespread in Fishes: A Phylogenetic Road Map for the Bioprospecting of Piscine Venoms" 6943: 2618:

in that they only consume the affected and dead areas of the skin, leaving the healthy skin to recover.

9035: 8762: 8732: 8619: 8228: 6389: 3842: 2124: 2103: 884:. Only 13 per cent of all fish species live in the open ocean, off the shelf. Of these, 1 per cent are 671: 436: 401: 56: 7863:"Brain and body oxygen requirements of Gnathonemus petersii, a fish with an exceptionally large brain" 6165:

Liem KF (1980) "Acquisition of energy by teleosts: adaptive mechanisms and evolutionary patterns". In

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environments from the deep sea to the highest mountain streams. Included are nearly all the important

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Lowry, D.; Wintzer, A.P.; Matott, M.P.; Whitenack, L.B.; Huber, D.R.; Dean, M.; Motta, P.J. (2005).

6103: 6003: 2137:, and by manipulation or biting. Nearly all fish species use one of these styles, and most use two. 9318: 9077: 7235: 6634:

Jaine, FRA; Couturier, LIE; Weeks, SJ; Townsend, KA; Bennett, MB; Fiora, K; Richardson, AJ (2012).

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Cailliet, G.M., Andrews, A.H., Burton, E.J., Watters, D.L., Kline, D.E., Ferry-Graham, L.A. (2001)

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are a family of fishes which have the ability to climb out of water and "walk" short distances. As

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are a family of small, unusual-looking mesopelagic fishes, named for their barrel-shaped, tubular,

2540: 1615:. It can weigh up to 2,300 kg (5,100 lb). It is found in all warm and temperate oceans. 9296: 9278: 8840: 8589: 8340: 4783: 1445: 1409: 1391:

has a lifespan of 392 ± 120 years. This is the longest known lifespan of all vertebrate species.

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and larger fish, including other sharks. The cookiecutter attaches to its larger prey with its

1497: 1478: 1436: 6127: 5343: 5332: 4655: 3429:, to create a delicacy called "fugu", including just enough toxin for that "special flavour". 3421:

is the most poisonous fish in the world. It is the second most poisonous vertebrate after the

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together for protection. Typical ocean forage fish feed near the bottom of the food chain on

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is used in laboratory studies because of its ease of breeding and predictable aging pattern.

901: 631:, distinguishing this group from those in which the spine extends into the upper lobe of the 7716: 5211: 1818:

that digests the skin of his mouth and her body, fusing the pair to the point where the two

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Wilson RW, Millero FJ, Taylor JR, Walsh PJ, Christensen V, Jennings S and Grosell M (2009)

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Sharks of the World: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date

6275: 5056:"Age determination and validation studies of marine fishes: do deep-dwellers live longer?" 4626: 2443: 415: 166: 8: 9072: 9015: 8815: 8702: 8491: 8198: 7969: 6497: 6357:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. pp. 521–524, 555–61, 590. 4436: 4149: 4119: 4106: 3615:

with the electric organ removed. They have been called "the meanest things in creation".

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lips, and then protrudes its teeth to remove a symmetrical scoop of flesh. Pictured is a

2142: 1917: 1900:, for example, variously follow three protocols with their brood. Most sharks, including 1367: 1354: 1273:

may be the longest lived commercial fish, with a maximum reported age of 149 years.

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or "fin rays", their fins being webs of skin supported by bony or horny spines ("rays").

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ensures that, when the female is ready to spawn, she has a mate immediately available.

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Short lived fish have particular value in genetic studies on aging. In particular, the

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Killers of the Seas: The Dangerous Creatures That Threaten Man in an Alien Environment

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Voyages of discovery or necessity? Fish poisoning may be why Polynesians left paradise

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Marine fish may be biochemically constrained from inhabiting the deepest ocean depths.

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Yanceya, P.H.; Gerringera, E.M.; Drazen, J.C.; Rowden, A.A.; and Jamieson, A. (2014).

4735: 4665:(5912) 359-362. (This article contains the first ever estimate of global fish biomass) 4640: 2035: 872:

Most oceanic species (78 per cent, or 44 per cent of all fish species), live near the

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throughout life and has limbs, if any, in the shape of fins. Unlike groupings such as

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has been described as "the largest remaining source of palatable fish in the world".

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Regan (Lophiiformes: Thaumatichthyidae) from the Eastern North Atlantic off Madeira"

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There are three basic methods by which food is gathered into the mouths of fish: by

1554:, they have an average length of 12.5 mm (0.49 in), and are threatened by 8742: 8687: 8649: 8604: 8562: 8486: 8273: 8027: 8017: 7828: 7697: 7687: 7431: 7271: 7005: 6915: 6874: 6852: 6838:"A Species of Reef Fish that Uses Ultraviolet Patterns for Covert Face Recognition" 6810: 6706: 6665: 6655: 6557: 6535: 6452: 6412: 6404: 6295: 6276:"Convergence in the feeding mechanics of ecomorphologically similar species in the 6200: 5982: 5970: 5577: 5567: 5417: 5409: 4983: 4934: 4490: 4374: 4327: 3604: 3591: 3583: 3138: 3126: 2884: 2704: 2654: 2638: 2576: 2559: 1852: 1839: 1721: 1633: 1620: 1518: 1510: 1462: 1090: 1004: 862: 624: 265: 114: 33: 7692: 7671: 7185: 5605: 3822:" and eventually the virtual abandonment of these fisheries. In modern times, the 3117: 1381: 387: 8959: 8939: 8767: 8754: 8737: 8692: 8574: 8513: 8437: 8432: 8368: 8355: 8325: 8205: 8125: 8061: 8022: 7726: 7242: 7038: 6944:

Researchers solve mystery of deep-sea fish with tubular eyes and transparent head

6660: 6468: 6134: 5681: 5637: 5572: 5542:"Ecological guild evolution and the discovery of the world's smallest vertebrate" 5493: 5321: 5314: 5303: 5285: 4779: 3892: 3560: 3537: 3224: 3204: 3200: 3146: 2906: 2830: 2208: 2130: 1856: 1743: 1695: 1689: 1550:, also a goby, is the world's smallest commercially harvested fish. Found in the 1388: 1375: 1321: 1304: 1044:, live in small desert spring systems in Mexico and the southwest United States. 1011: 998: 885: 858: 724: 714: 628: 464: 310: 82:

are very diverse animals and can be categorised in many ways. Although most fish

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Matsura, Keiichi; Tyler, James C. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).

7009: 5449:"Greenland Sharks are Longest-Lived Vertebrates on Earth, Marine Biologists Say" 3113: 2847:

have heavily armoured plate-like scales fused into a solid, triangular, boxlike

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caught in 2010, weighing 293 kg (646 lb). The Mekong giant catfish is

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longer than the lower lobe. Some cartilaginous fishes possess an organ called a

9235: 9208: 9100: 9092: 9025: 8995: 8934: 8916: 8870: 8860: 8464: 8417: 4988: 4971: 4208: 4195: 4157: 4008: 3995: 3935: 3923: 3872: 3868: 3823: 3807: 3772: 3719:. Forage fish are small fish which are eaten by larger predators. They usually 3533: 3520: 3386: 3356: 3239: 2943: 2926: 2818: 2814: 2802: 2700: 2691: 2687: 2674: 2658: 2572: 2302: 2289: 2220: 1965: 1952: 1764: 1751: 1569: 1502: 1346: 1329: 1059: 460: 359: 355: 8155: 6857: 6540: 6456: 5279:

Protective Regulations Proposed for Ancient, Imperiled Southern Green Sturgeon

4976:

The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

4939: 4922: 4132:

recognizable by the golden stripes running the length of its body, can induce

3310: 3259: 3180: 3038: 1651: 1416: 623:

is homocercal, meaning the upper and lower lobes are about equal in size. The

9365: 9337: 9240: 9154: 8974: 8949: 8944: 8900: 8895: 8850: 8845: 8825: 8697: 8476: 8395: 7941: 7913: 7885: 7779: 7599: 7551: 7523: 7468: 7390: 7342: 7211: 6959: 6765: 6583: 6325: 6234: 6099: 6075: 6051: 6027: 5999: 5941: 5902: 5878: 5793: 5765: 5734: 5693: 5512: 5386:"Eye lens radiocarbon reveals centuries of longevity in the Greenland shark ( 5355: 5297:

Contemporaries of the Dinosaurs, Sturgeon Fossils Date Back 200 Million Years

5251: 5223: 5184: 5156: 5102: 5074: 5011: 4867: 4839: 4811: 4750: 4318: 4265: 3902: 3860: 3810:) also support important fisheries. Concentrated initially in the North Sea, 3728: 3697: 3678: 3504: 3378: 3360: 3050: 3012: 2648: 2468: 2455: 2216: 2172: 1994: 1936: 1916:, bearing their young after nourishing hatchlings internally, analogously to 1905: 1868: 1739: 1699: 1608: 1595: 1580: 1342: 1270: 1255: 1243: 846: 605: 488: 456: 335: 327: 323: 7607: 7450: 7276: 7259: 6204: 5413: 2808: 9230: 9054: 8969: 8929: 8830: 8772: 8712: 8639: 8634: 8624: 8540: 8530: 8459: 8442: 8349: 8310: 8303: 8129: 8041: 7832: 7285: 6866: 6814: 6711: 6694: 6679: 6549: 6212: 5591: 5431: 4997: 4948: 4410: 4212: 4141: 4137: 3987: 3975: 3876: 3864: 3811: 3705: 3643: 3536:. It has a remarkable ability to camouflage itself amongst rocks. It is an 3459: 3367: 3290: 3284: 3275: 3196: 3142: 3000: 2794: 2737: 2615: 2551: 2534: 2367: 2355: 2335: 2295: 2155:

feeds on dead whales and nearly everything else that wriggles: other fish,

1932: 1772: 1612: 1203: 1076: 986: 877: 865:

occupying deeper twilight waters down to 1,000 meters (3,300 ft), and

854: 850: 720: 620: 452: 331: 257: 214: 162: 138: 126: 7840: 7755:

The End of the Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat

7670:

Armstrong, MJ; Gerritsenb, HD; Allenc, M; McCurdya, WJ; Peel, JAD (2004).

4179: 3160: 2978: 2756: 1284: 927: 9213: 9201: 9127: 8885: 8880: 8855: 8835: 8777: 8672: 8567: 8545: 8535: 8508: 8378: 8330: 7454: 7420:"Did ciguatera prompt the late Holocene Polynesian voyages of discovery?" 7303: 6521:"Animal Cognition:, How Archer Fish Learn to Down Rapidly Moving Targets" 6299: 4689: 4124: 3967: 3901:

is another popular pastime, and there is a large international trade for

3898: 3847: 3815: 3716: 3682: 3612: 3597: 3508: 3480: 3467: 3418: 3405: 3325: 3109: 3089: 3074: 3055: 2644: 2596: 2584: 2522: 2493: 2480: 2277: 2273: 2261: 2134: 1909: 1901: 1736: 1576: 1563: 1555: 1551: 1485: 1210: 1197: 965: 952: 593: 554: 495: 480: 407: 393: 343: 296: 184: 142: 130: 65: 4894: 4378: 3440: 3095: 2661:. These fish are adapted for an active life under low light conditions. 2405: 1335: 968:

lives at altitudes over 5,200 meters (17,100 ft) in the Himalayas.

236:. Jawless fish inhabit both fresh and salt water environments. Some are 169:, can contain more freshwater fish species than occur in all of Europe. 9263: 9062: 9030: 8964: 8954: 8875: 8865: 8550: 8518: 8503: 8449: 8422: 8405: 7672:"Variability in maturity and growth in a heavily exploited stock: cod ( 7165: 6367: 4494: 4091: 4035:) have been kept in decorative ponds for centuries in China and Japan. 3827: 3701: 3693: 3488: 3329: 3192: 3154: 3059: 2826: 2790: 2486: 2472: 2281: 2253: 2240: 2228: 2212: 2204: 2192: 2168: 2156: 2152: 2019: 1997:, gestating eggs in the uterus for 11 months before giving birth. 1913: 1803: 1780: 1492: 1454: 1317: 1188: 1168: 1120: 1027: 990: 973: 732: 728: 632: 616: 589: 534: 472: 281: 237: 158: 122: 118: 91: 7702: 6919: 6494:""Plastic flies help spitting archer fish regain aim" Telegraph.co.uk" 6417: 5422: 4678:

in Glick, P H, ed., Water in Crisis: Oxford University Press, p 13-24.

3929: 3674: 3626: 3526: 3207:

for extended periods of time. These fish may use a number of means of

2932: 2381: 2324: 958: 217:, since the tetrapod clade is within the clade of lobe-finned fishes. 9020: 9005: 8990: 8820: 8481: 8427: 8412: 8390: 8373: 8320: 7170:

Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals

6836:

Siebeck, UE; Parker, AN; Sprenger, D; Mäthger, LM; Wallis, G (2010).

6372:

Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals

5974: 4399: 4070: 3838: 3834: 3776: 3760: 3732: 3712: 3689: 3500: 3492: 3484: 3455: 3451: 3411: 3321: 3102: 2939: 2779: 2775: 2766: 2762: 2750: 2611: 2361: 2343: 2249: 2176: 2160: 1969: 1925: 1807: 1547: 1530: 1101: 873: 662: 647: 503: 484: 339: 150: 99: 7142: 6408: 4022: 3018: 2511: 2267: 1453:, is the smallest of all fish species. It lives in the dark-colored 1148: 1010:

Other fish are confined to single, small living spaces, such as the

9223: 9164: 9110: 9105: 8924: 8792: 8454: 8400: 8315: 7954: 7926: 7898: 7792: 7564: 7536: 7481: 7403: 7355: 6972: 6778: 6596: 6338: 6247: 6112: 6084: 6060: 6036: 6012: 5915: 5887: 5806: 5778: 5747: 5706: 5546: 5525: 5368: 5264: 5236: 5197: 5169: 5115: 5087: 5024: 4880: 4852: 4824: 4763: 4278: 4215:, have an alleged tendency to burrow into and parasitise the human 4032: 3819: 3768: 3744: 3724: 3632: 3620: 3575: 3567: 3554: 3426: 3271: 3233: 3220: 2848: 2771: 2741: 2391: 2339: 2234: 2164: 2068: 2064: 2052: 2047:

mouthbroods its fry. The fry can be seen looking out of her mouth.

2008: 1921: 1891: 1845: 1685: 1626: 1296: 1235: 1231: 1124: 1066: 940: 838: 723:

fish species live in saltwater. A disproportionate 41 per cent are

693: 573: 518: 499: 476: 468: 440: 421: 378: 374: 198: 195: 87: 60:

is a rare ambush predator known only from a single female specimen

37: 4923:"Shortest recorded vertebrate lifespan found in a coral reef fish" 4478: 4001: 3953: 979: 857:

away from the bottom. Habitats can also be vertically stratified.

48: 9196: 9191: 9169: 9142: 9137: 9132: 8677: 8629: 8523: 8293: 8288: 7669: 7508:

Reef Stonefish, Synanceia verrucosa (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)

5382: 4216: 3963: 3947: 3795: 3791: 3783: 3764: 3740: 3736: 3636: 3579: 2868: 2844: 2547: 2526: 2497: 2447: 2433: 2427: 2347: 1958: 1864: 1823: 1768: 1757: 1732: 1728: 1715: 1637: 1458: 1034: 842: 612: 585: 252: 248: 244: 233: 225: 103: 83: 69: 6518: 5539: 4690:"The amount of space available for marine and freshwater fishes" 3771:. Important herring fisheries have existed for centuries in the 1263: 1234:. The longest lived fish is the 205 years reported for the 9115: 7811:, a Deep-Sea Teleost Fish with a Minute Brain and Large Ears". 7718:

Angling Retains its Mainstream Appeal and Broad Economic Impact

7082: 6519:

Schuster, S.; Wöhl, S.; Griebsch, M.; Klostermeier, I. (2006).

4165: 4145: 4112: 3981: 3799: 3652: 3512: 3473: 2822: 2604: 2590: 2461: 2419: 2245: 2198: 1827: 1815: 1450: 1224: 569: 369:

There are over 980 species of cartilaginous fish. They include

347: 210: 146: 95: 7058:

Paxton, John R. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).

4136:-like hallucinations if it is eaten. These widely distributed 3688:

Fish are sought after by humans for their value as commercial

3332:, which act like "stilts", to perch and walk on the seafloor. 2957: 2104:

Video of a slingjaw wrasse catching prey by protruding its jaw

1983: 1896:

Fish adopt a variety of strategies for nurturing their brood.

26: 9218: 9147: 8557: 8177:

Do Fish Sleep?: Fascinating Answers to Questions about Fishes

6986: 4780:

On the Validity of the Trieste Flatfish: Dispelling the Myth.

4129: 3814:

was one of Europe's oldest fisheries, later extending to the

3756: 3748: 3352: 3212: 3081: 3068: 3062:

constitution partly accounts for its relatively great speed.

2696: 2416: 2310: 1897: 1583: 1360: 597: 370: 351: 261: 6835: 4566:. Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley 3132: 2022:, bearing its young after nourishing hatchlings internally. 72:" for its prey with a lure attached to a line from its head. 9120: 8707: 8260: 8251: 7581:"Toxic fish spine injury: Lessons from 11 years experience" 6633: 6431: 6169:(Ed. M A Ali), pp. 299–334. New York, London: Plenum Press. 4656:"Contribution of Fish to the Marine Inorganic Carbon Cycle" 3803: 3752: 3647: 3377:

A 2006 study found that there are at least 1200 species of

2985: 2680: 1522: 1176: 1116: 904:. Some fish species tolerate salinities over 10 per cent. 206: 202: 188: 107: 79: 4201: 1601: 113:

Fish species diversity is roughly divided equally between

9159: 8727: 8153: 4465: 4133: 4028: 4016: 3787: 2607: 2116:

Video of a red bay snook catching prey by suction feeding

1310: 1291: 1278: 677: 229: 8157:

The Diversity of Fishes: Biology, Evolution, and Ecology

7991: 7588:

Journal of the South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society

4911:

Florida Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2012-01-04.

4411:

Estudo das Espécies Ícticas do Parque Estadual do Cantão

3491:. Like many other apex reef fish, it is likely to cause 2599:

nibbling on the diseased skin of patients. Doctor fish (

8220: 7253: 7251: 4592:

Cohen, DM (1970). "How many recent fishes are there?".

3938:

are now being fished as a replacement for the depleted

861:

occupy sunlit waters down to 200 metres (110 fathoms),

537:, thought until 1938 to be extinct. They are deep blue. 487:. Ray finned fishes are so-called because they possess 8076: 7992:

Cullen, JA; Maie, T; Schoenfuss, HL; Blob, RW (2012).

6610: 6352: 4510:

Clack, J. A. (2002) Gaining Ground. Indiana University

849:

live on or near the bottom of oceans and lakes, while

161:

species on the Earth. Exceptionally rich sites in the

7143:

Passarelli, Nancy; Craig Knickle; Kristy DiVittorio.

5675:

Bragging Rights: The Smallest Fish Ever | LiveScience

4501:

Seventh Edition. Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco CA.

2797:

from which it is believed the barreleye steals food.

2647:

end of the spectrum, beyond the violet wavelength of

240:, moving between both fresh and salt water habitats. 40:. They are camouflaged to look like floating seaweed. 8154:

Helfman, G.; Collette; Facey, D.; Bowen, BW (2009).

7325:

Venom Runs Thick in Fish Families, Researchers Learn

7248: 6901: 6881: 5847:

Giant Catfish May Be World's Largest Freshwater Fish

4969: 1798:

anglerfish trailing atrophied males she encountered

7417: 7236:

Poisonous vs. Venomous fish: What's the difference?

5952: 2301:Other fish have developed extreme specializations. 187:is the formal description and organisation of fish 16:

Fish species categorized by various characteristics

6436:Aerial and aquatic feeding in the silver arawana, 4920: 1731:change their sex to male if no male is available. 869:inhabiting the cold and pitch black depths below. 7496:"The Stonefish – The Deadliest Fish in The World" 6387: 4594:Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 4080:has the smallest ratio of all known vertebrates. 9363: 5467:Kottelat M, Britz R, Tan HH and Witte KE (2005) 5446: 4144:, and are called "the fish that make dreams" in 1814:bites into the skin of a female, he releases an 494:There are three types of ray finned fishes: the 358:. Their tails can be asymmetric, with the upper 7087:. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 229–230. 7057: 6388:Douglas, M.M.; Bunn, S.E; Davies, P.M. (2005). 5994: 5992: 4413:, fish species survey of Cantão (in Portuguese) 4356:"New species of the ceratioid anglerfish genus 3366:Venomous fish bite, sting, or stab, causing an 3058:worldwide. This shark is highly migratory. Its 2610:, where they feed on the skin of patients with 1246:at 25–900 metres (14–492 fathoms) and exhibits 4645:The Physics Factbook. Retrieved 19 April 2008. 4333:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T17096A67622420.en 3363:contain toxins, but deliver them differently. 2603:) live and breed in the outdoor pools of some 1123:–dwelling fish. Some of the longest-lived are 342:. Because cartilaginous fish do not have bone 201:, (i.e., an animal with a backbone), that has 32:Fish come in many shapes and sizes. This is a 8236: 7489: 7231: 7229: 7208:"Cairns Museum Tour - Cairns-Kuranda Railway" 6273: 5760: 5758: 5507: 5505: 2946:, has a sprint speed of one inch per minute. 1183:, are some of the shortest lived fishes. The 149:basins. More than 5,600 fish species inhabit 7855: 7610:. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015 7257: 6939: 6937: 6750:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5989: 4561: 4522:Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 15 July 2009 2887:is camouflaged to look like floating seaweed 2778:(the "visual purple" pigment); there are no 2350:with bite wounds from a cookiecutter shark. 7806: 7653: 7651: 7461: 7119: 6897: 6895: 6893: 5863:"Deep-sea creatures: The bathypelagic zone" 5376: 4902: 4838: 1928:, laying their eggs to hatch in the water. 1179:, a type of small coral reef-dwelling fish 8243: 8229: 7226: 7062:. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 162. 5755: 5502: 4972:"Annual Fish as a Genetic Model for Aging" 4777:Jamieson, A.J., and Yancey, P. H. (2012). 4471: 4459: 4307: 3818:. Declining numbers led to international " 1657:The largest recorded freshwater fish is a 1649: 1624: 8788:Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water 8134: 8107: 8070: 8055:Meet the amazing, waterfall-climbing fish 8031: 8021: 7772: 7701: 7691: 7657: 7642: 7435: 7418:Rongo, T; Bush, M; van Woesik, R (2009). 7319: 7317: 7315: 7313: 7275: 7101: 6934: 6856: 6758: 6710: 6669: 6659: 6570: 6539: 6416: 6312: 6261: 6153: 5929: 5581: 5571: 5421: 4987: 4938: 4722: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4613: 4530: 4528: 4422: 4331: 2067:males practice pouch-brooding similar to 1972:, laying its eggs to hatch in the water. 1931:Some animals, predominantly fish such as 7968:de Haro, Luc and Pommier, Philip (2006) 7648: 6947:Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute 6902:Robison, BH; Reisenbichler, KR (2008). " 6890: 6306: 5866:Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand 5461: 4609: 4607: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 3673: 2871:with an armoured triangular shaped body 2313:have also been found in their stomachs. 1324:, with a reported age of 55 years. 880:live on or above the relatively shallow 338:(dermal denticles) that are as rough as 7940: 7912: 7884: 7778: 7550: 7522: 7467: 7389: 7341: 7245:Reef Biosearch. Retrieved 17 July 2009. 6958: 6764: 6582: 6324: 6233: 6098: 6074: 6050: 6026: 5998: 5901: 5877: 5792: 5764: 5733: 5692: 5511: 5354: 5250: 5222: 5183: 5155: 5101: 5073: 5010: 4866: 4810: 4749: 4353: 4264: 4156:, called "the fish that inebriates" in 3917: 3401: 3181:Mudskippers: The Fish That Walk on Land 2920: 2670: 2188: 2077: 1877: 1671: 1136: 1115:Some of the shortest-lived species are 913: 467:of fleshy finned fishes, consisting of 9364: 8137:Fishes, An Introduction to Ichthyology 7751: 7578: 7310: 7186:"BBC article and video of flying fish" 7180: 7178: 6906:and the Paradox of Its Tubular Eyes". 6725: 6719: 6692: 6178: 5823:"Hunt for the big fish becomes a race" 5820: 5814: 4707: 4534: 4525: 4434: 4140:became a recreational drug during the 4060: 2554:, which eat parasites off other fish. 1948: 1711: 1404: 1230:Some of the longest living fishes are 900:over 200 finfish species south of the 8224: 7800: 7124:. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research 6792: 5946: 5631:What is the smallest species of fish? 4970:Herrera, M; Jagadeeswaran, P (2004). 4604: 4591: 4578: 3826:supports an important fishery in the 3651:from bacteria. Occasionally, severed 1461:. The females of this species have a 1242:. This fish is found offshore in the 366:which also produces red blood cells. 318: 260:fish and the only animal which has a 7807:Fine, ML; Horn, MH; Cox, B (1987). " 7076: 4921:Depczynski, M; Bellwood, DR (2005). 4687: 3711:Throughout human history, important 3532:The most venomous known fish is the 2992:Among the fastesr sprinters are the 1863:where the growth and development of 1341:Some of the longest living fish are 9344: 8615:Electroreception and electrogenesis 8139:(5th ed.). Benjamin Cummings. 7175: 7147:. Florida Museum of Natural History 7136: 6695:"Ultraviolet Vision in Vertebrates" 6615:. Florida Museum of Natural History 6346: 5722:Guinness Book of World Records 2001 5650:"Smallest fish compete for honours" 5447:Enrico de Lazaro (12 August 2016). 5344:The Shedd Honors Its Oldest Residen 4888: 4319:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 4041: 3274:walks along the seafloor using its 1079:2,400 metres (1,300 fathoms) deep. 989:range over vast areas, such as the 521:can breathe in air as well as water 13: 7813:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 7720:-American Sportfishing Association 7369:Lieske, E. and Myers, R.F. (2004) 6167:Environmental Physiology of Fishes 5871: 5472:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 4909:Biological profiles: Sargassumfish 4164:, called "the chief of ghosts" in 3101: 2984: 2938:The slowest-moving fishes are the 2276:also use jets of water to uncover 964:At the other extreme, the Tibetan 194:The term "fish" describes any non- 14: 9383: 8212:The 20 weirdest fish in the ocean 8192: 5606:"Scientists find 'smallest fish'" 5131:"How to Tell Time by a Cat's Eye" 3700:and for tourism, as they attract 3462:can die from eating a trunkfish. 3389:to find drugs with medical uses. 3195:is another type of walking fish. 2942:. The slowest of these, the tiny 2643:Many species of fish can see the 1826:into nothing more than a pair of 1290:There are stories about Japanese 933:The world's deepest living fish, 9343: 9332: 9331: 9314: 9313: 8339: 8048: 7985: 7962: 7934: 7906: 7878: 7745: 7731: 7710: 7663: 7636: 7572: 7544: 7516: 7501: 7444: 7437:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02139.x 7411: 7383: 7363: 7335: 7292: 7200: 7159: 7113: 7051: 7024: 6980: 6952: 6887:Helfman et al., 2009, pp. 84-87. 6829: 6786: 6274:Norton, SF; Bainerd, EL (1993). 5040:Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin 4298:Profile. Retrieved 20 July 2009. 4200: 4178: 4111: 4090: 4069: 4021: 4000: 3980: 3952: 3928: 3852:fish used for medicinal purposes 3625: 3596: 3582:and have spread up the coast to 3559: 3525: 3472: 3439: 3410: 3305: 3289: 3254: 3238: 3175: 3159: 3131: 3094: 3073: 3033: 3017: 2977: 2956: 2931: 2892: 2876: 2856: 2807: 2755: 2740:to other fish of their species. 2717: 2679: 2589: 2564: 2539: 2510: 2485: 2460: 2432: 2404: 2380: 2360: 2323: 2294: 2266: 2233: 2197: 2110: 2098: 2057: 2034: 2007: 1982: 1957: 1844: 1785: 1756: 1720: 1650: 1625: 1600: 1568: 1535: 1484: 1431: 1415: 1380: 1359: 1334: 1309: 1283: 1262: 1223: 1202: 1163: 1147: 1089: 1058: 1026: 1003: 978: 957: 926: 727:(the remaining one per cent are 685: 670: 655: 640: 561: 542: 526: 511: 428: 414: 400: 386: 303: 288: 273: 47: 25: 8299:Environmental impact of fishing 8135:Moyle, PB; Cech, J. J. (2003). 7866:Journal of Experimental Biology 7498:, Virginia Wells, Petplace.com. 7258:Smith, WL; Wheeler, WC (2006). 6686: 6627: 6604: 6576: 6564: 6512: 6486: 6445:Environmental Biology of Fishes 6425: 6381: 6361: 6353:Leonard J. V. Compagno (1984). 6318: 6288:Journal of Experimental Biology 6267: 6255: 6227: 6172: 6159: 6147: 6120: 6092: 6068: 6044: 6020: 5935: 5923: 5895: 5855: 5840: 5821:Mydans, Seth (25 August 2005). 5786: 5727: 5714: 5686: 5668: 5642: 5624: 5598: 5533: 5480: 5348: 5337: 5326: 5308: 5290: 5272: 5244: 5216: 5205: 5177: 5149: 5123: 5095: 5067: 5048: 5032: 5004: 4963: 4914: 4860: 4832: 4804: 4789: 4771: 4743: 4728: 4681: 4668: 4648: 4633: 4619: 4555: 4513: 4504: 4484: 3661: 2736:which they appear to use as an 1110: 313:resting on bottom at 280 m 243:Extant jawless fish are either 220: 8160:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 3. 8112:. Taylor & Francis Group. 7740:Recreational Fishing Services. 7299:Venomous Fish Outnumber Snakes 7122:"Biology of the Shortfin Mako" 7108:Guinness Book of World Records 6730:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6611:Carol Martins; Craig Knickle. 6397:Marine and Freshwater Research 4842:; Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2014). 4541:. London: Chapman & Hall. 4428: 4416: 4404: 4393: 4347: 4301: 4286: 4258: 3339: 2521:eats scales off other fishes ( 1544:Guinness Book of World Records 1240:Sebastes aleutianus (pictured) 463:. The lobe-finned fish is the 350:and special tissue around the 172: 1: 8101: 7693:10.1016/j.icesjms.2003.10.005 5724:. Guinness World Records Ltd. 4562:Ben Waggoner (17 July 1995). 4237:List of long-living organisms 3570:, a venomous coral reef fish 2732:, has ultraviolet-reflecting 1366:Another living fossil is the 700: 153:freshwaters alone, such that 8384:intramembranous ossification 8208:Oceans for Youth Foundation. 8108:Bone, Q; Moore, R H (2008). 8023:10.1371/journal.pone.0053274 7579:Taylor, Geoff (March 2000). 6661:10.1371/journal.pone.0046170 6613:"Megamouth Shark- Parasites" 5868:. Updated 21 September 2007. 5573:10.1371/journal.pone.0029797 4177: 4110: 4089: 4068: 4020: 3999: 3979: 3951: 3524: 3471: 3438: 3039:What makes mako sharks fast? 2624: 2496:species crush the shells of 2056: 2033: 2006: 1981: 1956: 1843: 1784: 1755: 1719: 1599: 1457:of the Indonesian island of 1414: 824: 821: 818: 815: 812: 801: 798: 795: 792: 789: 447: 7: 7010:10.1126/science.190.4209.74 6726:Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006). 4676:World fresh water resources 4535:Benton, Michael J. (1990). 4477:Tree of life web project - 4225: 3072: 3016: 2839: 2699:, connected by part of the 2280:buried in sand or overturn 2211:. The first spine of their 1514: 1379: 1358: 1333: 1308: 1169:World's shortest lived fish 1088: 1057: 580: 334:. Their skin is covered in 157:represent about 10% of all 10: 9388: 8763:Fin and flipper locomotion 8733:Sequential hermaphroditism 8620:Jamming avoidance response 8337: 8199:Articles About Marine Life 8180:Rutgers University Press. 5636:February 20, 2009, at the 5212:Night Tarpon Fishing Trips 4435:Nelson, Joseph S. (2006). 4293:Leafy and Weedy Sea Dragon 4097:At the other extreme, the 3990:fisheries have collapsed. 3782:Higher in the food chain, 3731:. They include the family 3351:Toxic fish produce strong 2904: 2636: 2125:Aquatic feeding mechanisms 2122: 1889: 1683: 1397: 1316:One of the longest living 993:that lives in all oceans. 712: 176: 57:Lasiognathus amphirhamphus 36:, a close relative of the 9327: 9251: 9184: 9091: 9053: 9044: 8983: 8914: 8801: 8753: 8663: 8588: 8348: 8258: 8215:Christian Science Monitor 8080:; Bird, Jonathan (2003). 7680:Journal of Marine Science 7628:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 7513:. Retrieved 21 July 2009. 7371:Coral reef guide; Red Sea 6976:. September 2011 version. 6858:10.1016/j.cub.2009.12.047 6541:10.1016/j.cub.2005.12.037 6457:10.1007/s10641-005-3214-4 6438:Osteoglossum bicirrhosum" 5919:. September 2009 version. 5891:. September 2009 version. 5556:Public Library of Science 4940:10.1016/j.cub.2005.04.016 4896:Antennariidae: Frogfishes 4674:Shiklomanov, I A, (1993) 4642:Volume of Earth's Oceans. 4120:hallucinogenic dream fish 3304: 3299: 3278:, which look like hands. 3253: 3248: 3174: 3169: 3032: 3027: 2109: 2097: 2092: 1888: 1682: 1430: 1425: 1162: 1157: 1132: 756: 711: 8250: 7948:Mulloidichthys samoensis 7944:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 7916:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 7888:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 7782:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 7752:Clover, Charles (2004). 7554:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 7526:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 7471:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 7393:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 7345:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 7188:. bbc.co.uk. 20 May 2008 6962:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 6768:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 6590:Osteoglossum bicirrhosum 6586:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 6328:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 6237:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 6133:August 28, 2008, at the 6102:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 6078:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 6054:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 6030:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 6002:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 5905:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 5881:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 5796:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 5768:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 5737:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 5700:Schindleria brevipinguis 5696:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 5515:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 5358:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 5254:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 5226:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 5187:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 5159:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 5105:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 5077:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 5014:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 4989:10.1093/gerona/59.2.b101 4899:Tree of Life Web Project 4870:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 4814:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 4753:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 4268:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 4252: 4187:Nopoli rockclimbing goby 4174:Nopoli rockclimbing goby 4162:Mulloidichthys samoensis 4053: 3499:, could be a reason why 3454:, secretes a colourless 3324:use their very elongate 2793:(stinging cells) of the 2782:. The barreleye species 1575:The largest fish is the 1491:Male individuals of the 1033:Equally isolated desert 611:Teleosts have a movable 9279:Glossary of ichthyology 8841:Diel vertical migration 8217:. 22 February 22, 2010. 7958:. October 2009 version. 7930:. October 2009 version. 7902:. October 2009 version. 7796:. January 2014 version. 7424:Journal of Biogeography 6205:10.1002/jmor.1051630305 6056:"Family Scyliorhinidae" 5883:"Family Batrachoididae" 5519:Paedocypris progenetica 5414:10.1126/science.aaf1703 5388:Somniosus microcephalus 5302:April 17, 2009, at the 5109:Hoplostethus atlanticus 4801:PNAS 111(12): 4461–4465 4784:The Biological Bulletin 4757:Abyssobrotula galatheae 4734:C.Michael Hogan. 2011. 4538:Vertebrate Paleontology 3211:, including springing, 1822:join up. The male then 1579:. It is a slow-moving, 1446:Paedocypris progenetica 1410:Paedocypris progenetica 1185:seven-figure pygmy goby 1143:Seven-figure pygmy goby 1096:The highly camouflaged 936:Abyssobrotula galatheae 921:Abyssobrotula galatheae 280:Lampreys attached to a 8645:Surface wave detection 8610:Hydrodynamic reception 8284:Diseases and parasites 8174:Weis, Judith S (2011) 7833:10.1098/rspb.1987.0018 7558:Uranoscopus sulphureus 7373:London, HarperCollins 7085:Encyclopedia of Fishes 7060:Encyclopedia of Fishes 6815:10.1006/anbe.2003.2214 5498:Natural History Museum 5333:The Oldest Living Fish 5018:Cynolebias nigripinnis 4818:Triplophysa stoliczkai 4697:NOAA: Fishery Bulletin 4354:Pietsch, T.W. (2005). 3685: 3609:Uranoscopus sulphureus 3574:. Unlike stonefish, a 3355:in their bodies. Both 3106: 2989: 2774:and a high density of 1505:on the larger female. 1498:Photocorynus spiniceps 1479:Photocorynus spiniceps 8783:Undulatory locomotion 8600:Ampullae of Lorenzini 7996:Sicyopterus stimpsoni 7658:Bone & Moore 2008 7643:Bone & Moore 2008 7397:Gymnothorax javanicus 7349:Lactophrys bicaudalis 7277:10.1093/jhered/esj034 6966:Macropinna microstoma 6904:Macropinna microstoma 6571:Bone & Moore 2008 6313:Bone & Moore 2008 6262:Bone & Moore 2008 6154:Bone & Moore 2008 5930:Moyle & Cech 2003 5680:July 6, 2008, at the 5487:World's smallest fish 5362:Neoceratodus forsteri 5320:June 4, 2009, at the 4723:Bone & Moore 2008 4614:Bone & Moore 2008 4443:John Wiley & Sons 4423:Moyle & Cech 2003 4326:: e.T17096A67622420. 3940:southern bluefin tuna 3677: 3655:or death can result. 3635:can sting with their 3322:Deepsea tripod fishes 3112:have unusually large 3105: 2994:Indo-Pacific sailfish 2988: 2973:Indo-Pacific sailfish 2965:Atlantic bluefin tuna 2952:Atlantic bluefin tuna 2785:Macropinna microstoma 2730:Dascyllus reticulatus 2726:two stripe damselfish 2713:Two stripe damselfish 2123:Further information: 2044:Cyphotilapia frontosa 2029:Cyphotilapia frontosa 1663:critically endangered 1468:Paedophryne amauensis 1437:World's smallest fish 1248:negligible senescence 902:Antarctic Convergence 892:, and 7 per cent are 177:Further information: 9011:Genetically modified 8204:27 July 2011 at the 7568:. July 2009 version. 7540:. July 2009 version. 7485:. July 2009 version. 7407:. July 2009 version. 7359:. July 2009 version. 6712:10.1093/icb/32.4.544 6600:. July 2009 version. 6342:. July 2009 version. 6300:10.1242/jeb.176.1.11 6251:. July 2009 version. 5810:. July 2009 version. 5782:. July 2009 version. 5751:. July 2009 version. 5710:. July 2009 version. 5529:. July 2009 version. 5372:. July 2009 version. 5268:. July 2009 version. 5258:Megalops cyprinoides 5240:. July 2009 version. 5201:. July 2009 version. 5173:. July 2009 version. 5119:. July 2009 version. 5091:. July 2009 version. 5028:. July 2009 version. 4884:. July 2009 version. 4874:Thermichthys hollisi 4828:. July 2009 version. 4767:. July 2009 version. 4282:. July 2009 version. 3566:Head on view of the 3497:harmful algal blooms 3314:Okeanos Explorer ROV 3203:and can travel over 2614:. The fish are like 2388:Chinese algae eaters 2078:By feeding behaviour 2016:scalloped hammerhead 2003:Scalloped hammerhead 1878:By brooding behavior 1861:asexual reproduction 1851:Some sharks such as 1767:"sing" at up to 100 1672:By breeding behavior 1659:Mekong giant catfish 1646:Mekong giant catfish 1072:Thermichthys hollisi 1039:Death Valley pupfish 256:off. It is the only 135:tropical rainforests 8816:Aquatic respiration 8703:Life history theory 8084:. The Lyons Press. 8078:Ricciuti, Edward R. 8014:2013PLoSO...853274C 7973:Clinical Toxicology 7825:1987RSPSB.230..257F 7676:) in the Irish Sea" 7475:Synanceja verrucosa 7264:Journal of Heredity 7042:Scientific American 7032:"Flashlight fishes" 7030:McCosker JE (1977) 7002:1975Sci...190...74M 6949:, 23 February 2009. 6782:. Mar 2007 version. 6728:Fishes of the World 6693:Jacobs, GH (1992). 6652:2012PLoSO...746170J 6241:Epibulus insidiator 6080:"Family Apogonidae" 6032:"Order Lamniformes" 5967:1975Natur.256...38P 5850:National Geographic 5564:2012PLoSO...729797R 5406:2016Sci...353..702N 5230:Megalops atlanticus 5081:Sebastes aleutianus 4466:Helfman et al. 2009 4438:Fishes of the World 4425:, p. Chapter 1 4379:10.1643/ci-04-184r1 4308:Pollom, R. (2017). 4296:National Geographic 4207:Smaller species of 4150:hallucinogenic fish 4107:Hallucinogenic fish 3715:have been based on 3042:National Geographic 2865:humpback turretfish 2376:Chinese algae eater 1918:mammalian gestation 1857:parthenogenetically 1820:circulatory systems 1368:Australian lungfish 1355:Australian lungfish 606:recreational fishes 8655:Weberian apparatus 8067:, 13 January 2013. 8060:2013-02-24 at the 7809:Acanthonus armatus 7786:Acanthonus armatus 7725:2008-05-13 at the 7329:The New York Times 7241:2009-10-30 at the 7172:, Greenwood Press. 7037:2012-05-02 at the 6138:American Zoologist 6104:"Species in genus 6004:"Species in genus 5852:, 28 October 2010. 5827:The New York Times 5492:2008-12-01 at the 5284:2011-09-28 at the 5137:on 5 December 2006 4846:Astyanax mexicanus 4247:Smallest organisms 4078:bony-eared assfish 4065:Bony-eared assfish 3686: 3681:size up schooling 3547:Stokes's sea snake 3487:at the top of the 3217:lateral undulation 3107: 2990: 2705:refractive indices 2655:Mesopelagic fishes 2394:to control algae. 2370:eat smaller fish. 2332:cookiecutter shark 2319:Cookiecutter shark 1855:are able to breed 1812:Haplophryne mollis 1795:Haplophryne mollis 1775:to attract mates. 1299:is 41 years. 1119:, which are small 1100:lives in drifting 1098:sargassum frogfish 1085:Sargassum frogfish 1014:in North America. 945:Puerto Rico Trench 324:Cartilaginous fish 319:Cartilaginous fish 155:Neotropical fishes 9359: 9358: 9269:Fish common names 9180: 9179: 8811:Aquatic predation 8635:Capacity for pain 8364:Age determination 8167:978-1-4051-2494-2 8146:978-0-13-100847-2 8119:978-0-415-37562-7 8110:Biology of Fishes 8091:978-1-58574-869-3 7861:Nilsson G (1996) 7819:(1259): 257–265. 7765:978-0-09-189780-2 7511:Australian Museum 7307:, 22 August 2006. 7214:on 8 January 2015 7120:R. Aidan Martin. 7094:978-0-12-547665-2 7069:978-0-12-547665-2 6920:10.1643/CG-07-082 6795:Dascyllus aruanus 6772:Anableps anableps 6737:978-0-471-25031-9 5656:. 31 January 2006 5612:. 25 January 2006 5191:Carassius auratus 4688:Horn, MH (1972). 4548:978-0-412-54010-3 4452:978-0-471-25031-9 4242:Maximum life span 4232:Largest organisms 4223: 4222: 4099:elephantnose fish 4086:Elephantnose fish 4039: 4038: 3913: 3912: 3659: 3658: 3543:hypodermic needle 3448:spotted trunkfish 3435:Spotted trunkfish 3397: 3396: 3337: 3336: 3319: 3318: 3268: 3267: 3189: 3188: 3145:, they possess a 3047: 3046: 2916: 2915: 2837: 2836: 2666: 2665: 2622: 2621: 2519:bucktoothed tetra 2506:Bucktoothed tetra 2413:Emperor angelfish 2400:Emperor angelfish 2184: 2183: 2121: 2120: 2075: 2074: 1991:great white shark 1978:Great white shark 1944: 1943: 1875: 1874: 1832:sexual dimorphism 1707: 1706: 1669: 1668: 1542:According to the 1503:sexual parasitism 1442: 1441: 1395: 1394: 1236:rougheye rockfish 1219:Rougheye rockfish 1174: 1173: 1108: 1107: 1102:sargassum seaweed 909: 908: 888:, 5 per cent are 882:continental shelf 867:bathypelagic fish 837:Fish can also be 831: 830: 665:are also teleosts 551:Atlantic sturgeon 179:Evolution of fish 167:Cantão State Park 137:, especially the 9379: 9347: 9346: 9335: 9334: 9317: 9316: 9051: 9050: 8343: 8274:Ethnoichthyology 8245: 8238: 8231: 8222: 8221: 8171: 8150: 8123: 8096: 8095: 8074: 8068: 8052: 8046: 8045: 8035: 8025: 7989: 7983: 7966: 7960: 7959: 7938: 7932: 7931: 7910: 7904: 7903: 7882: 7876: 7859: 7853: 7852: 7804: 7798: 7797: 7776: 7770: 7769: 7749: 7743: 7737:NOAA Fisheries: 7735: 7729: 7714: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7695: 7667: 7661: 7655: 7646: 7640: 7634: 7633: 7627: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7585: 7576: 7570: 7569: 7548: 7542: 7541: 7530:Pterois volitans 7520: 7514: 7505: 7499: 7493: 7487: 7486: 7465: 7459: 7448: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7430:(8): 1423–1432. 7415: 7409: 7408: 7387: 7381: 7367: 7361: 7360: 7339: 7333: 7321: 7308: 7296: 7290: 7289: 7279: 7255: 7246: 7233: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7210:. Archived from 7204: 7198: 7197: 7195: 7193: 7182: 7173: 7163: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7140: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7129: 7117: 7111: 7105: 7099: 7098: 7080: 7074: 7073: 7055: 7049: 7028: 7022: 7021: 6984: 6978: 6977: 6956: 6950: 6941: 6932: 6931: 6899: 6888: 6885: 6879: 6878: 6860: 6842: 6833: 6827: 6826: 6803:Animal Behaviour 6790: 6784: 6783: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6749: 6741: 6723: 6717: 6716: 6714: 6690: 6684: 6683: 6673: 6663: 6631: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6580: 6574: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6543: 6525: 6516: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6490: 6484: 6483: 6481: 6479: 6473: 6467:. Archived from 6442: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6394: 6385: 6379: 6365: 6359: 6358: 6350: 6344: 6343: 6322: 6316: 6310: 6304: 6303: 6271: 6265: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6231: 6225: 6224: 6176: 6170: 6163: 6157: 6151: 6145: 6124: 6118: 6117: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6072: 6066: 6065: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6024: 6018: 6017: 5996: 5987: 5986: 5975:10.1038/256038a0 5950: 5944: 5942:Anglerfish Video 5939: 5933: 5927: 5921: 5920: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5875: 5869: 5859: 5853: 5844: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5800:Regalecus glesne 5790: 5784: 5783: 5762: 5753: 5752: 5731: 5725: 5718: 5712: 5711: 5690: 5684: 5672: 5666: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5646: 5640: 5628: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5585: 5575: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5509: 5500: 5484: 5478: 5465: 5459: 5456: 5443: 5425: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5352: 5346: 5341: 5335: 5330: 5324: 5312: 5306: 5294: 5288: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5220: 5214: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5133:. Archived from 5127: 5121: 5120: 5099: 5093: 5092: 5071: 5065: 5064: : 739–764. 5052: 5046: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4991: 4982:(2): B101–B107. 4967: 4961: 4960: 4942: 4933:(8): R288–R289. 4918: 4912: 4906: 4900: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4864: 4858: 4857: 4836: 4830: 4829: 4808: 4802: 4793: 4787: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4747: 4741: 4732: 4726: 4720: 4705: 4704: 4694: 4685: 4679: 4672: 4666: 4652: 4646: 4637: 4631: 4623: 4617: 4611: 4602: 4601: 4589: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4532: 4523: 4517: 4511: 4508: 4502: 4488: 4482: 4475: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4432: 4426: 4420: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4364: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4335: 4312:Phycodurus eques 4305: 4299: 4290: 4284: 4283: 4272:Phycodurus eques 4262: 4211:, native to the 4204: 4182: 4115: 4094: 4073: 4058: 4057: 4042:By vulnerability 4025: 4004: 3984: 3956: 3932: 3915: 3914: 3666: 3665: 3629: 3600: 3563: 3529: 3476: 3443: 3423:golden dart frog 3414: 3399: 3398: 3344: 3343: 3309: 3308: 3297: 3296: 3293: 3258: 3257: 3246: 3245: 3242: 3179: 3178: 3167: 3166: 3163: 3143:labyrinth fishes 3139:Climbing perches 3135: 3127:Climbing perches 3098: 3077: 3037: 3036: 3025: 3024: 3021: 2981: 2960: 2935: 2918: 2917: 2897: 2896: 2885:leafy sea dragon 2880: 2860: 2811: 2759: 2721: 2683: 2668: 2667: 2639:Vision in fishes 2629: 2628: 2593: 2577:cleaning station 2568: 2560:Cleaning station 2546:These two small 2543: 2514: 2489: 2464: 2436: 2408: 2384: 2364: 2327: 2298: 2270: 2237: 2209:ambush predators 2207:are lie-in-wait 2201: 2186: 2185: 2114: 2113: 2102: 2101: 2090: 2089: 2082: 2081: 2061: 2038: 2011: 1986: 1961: 1946: 1945: 1882: 1881: 1848: 1789: 1760: 1742:, who school in 1724: 1709: 1708: 1676: 1675: 1654: 1634:king of herrings 1629: 1621:King of herrings 1611:is the heaviest 1604: 1572: 1539: 1519:stout infantfish 1511:Stout infantfish 1488: 1435: 1434: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1402: 1401: 1384: 1363: 1338: 1313: 1287: 1266: 1227: 1206: 1167: 1166: 1155: 1154: 1151: 1130: 1129: 1093: 1062: 1030: 1007: 982: 961: 930: 916: 911: 910: 863:mesopelagic fish 742: 741: 705: 704: 689: 680:are teleosts too 674: 659: 644: 565: 546: 530: 515: 457:lobe-finned fish 432: 418: 404: 390: 307: 292: 277: 266:vertebral column 51: 29: 9387: 9386: 9382: 9381: 9380: 9378: 9377: 9376: 9362: 9361: 9360: 9355: 9323: 9247: 9176: 9087: 9040: 8979: 8910: 8803: 8797: 8749: 8693:Ichthyoplankton 8659: 8591: 8584: 8580:Digital Library 8575:Teleost leptins 8514:Shark cartilage 8438:pharyngeal slit 8433:pharyngeal arch 8369:Anguilliformity 8354: 8352: 8344: 8335: 8254: 8249: 8206:Wayback Machine 8195: 8168: 8147: 8120: 8104: 8099: 8092: 8075: 8071: 8062:Wayback Machine 8053: 8049: 7990: 7986: 7967: 7963: 7939: 7935: 7911: 7907: 7883: 7879: 7860: 7856: 7805: 7801: 7777: 7773: 7766: 7758:. Ebury Press. 7750: 7746: 7736: 7732: 7727:Wayback Machine 7715: 7711: 7674:Gadus morhua L. 7668: 7664: 7656: 7649: 7641: 7637: 7621: 7620: 7613: 7611: 7583: 7577: 7573: 7549: 7545: 7521: 7517: 7506: 7502: 7494: 7490: 7466: 7462: 7449: 7445: 7416: 7412: 7388: 7384: 7368: 7364: 7340: 7336: 7332:22 August 2006. 7322: 7311: 7297: 7293: 7256: 7249: 7243:Wayback Machine 7234: 7227: 7217: 7215: 7206: 7205: 7201: 7191: 7189: 7184: 7183: 7176: 7164: 7160: 7150: 7148: 7145:"SHORTFIN MAKO" 7141: 7137: 7127: 7125: 7118: 7114: 7106: 7102: 7095: 7081: 7077: 7070: 7056: 7052: 7039:Wayback Machine 7029: 7025: 6996:(4209): 74–76. 6985: 6981: 6957: 6953: 6942: 6935: 6900: 6891: 6886: 6882: 6845:Current Biology 6840: 6834: 6830: 6791: 6787: 6763: 6759: 6743: 6742: 6738: 6724: 6720: 6691: 6687: 6632: 6628: 6618: 6616: 6609: 6605: 6581: 6577: 6569: 6565: 6528:Current Biology 6523: 6517: 6513: 6503: 6501: 6492: 6491: 6487: 6477: 6475: 6474:on 17 June 2009 6471: 6440: 6430: 6426: 6409:10.1071/mf04084 6392: 6386: 6382: 6376:Greenwood Press 6366: 6362: 6351: 6347: 6332:Prionace glauca 6323: 6319: 6311: 6307: 6272: 6268: 6260: 6256: 6232: 6228: 6177: 6173: 6164: 6160: 6152: 6148: 6135:Wayback Machine 6126:Liem KF (1980) 6125: 6121: 6097: 6093: 6073: 6069: 6049: 6045: 6025: 6021: 5997: 5990: 5961:(5512): 38–40. 5951: 5947: 5940: 5936: 5928: 5924: 5900: 5896: 5876: 5872: 5860: 5856: 5845: 5841: 5831: 5829: 5819: 5815: 5791: 5787: 5763: 5756: 5741:Rhincodon typus 5732: 5728: 5720:Foot, T (2000) 5719: 5715: 5691: 5687: 5682:Wayback Machine 5673: 5669: 5659: 5657: 5648: 5647: 5643: 5638:Wayback Machine 5629: 5625: 5615: 5613: 5604: 5603: 5599: 5538: 5534: 5510: 5503: 5494:Wayback Machine 5485: 5481: 5466: 5462: 5400:(6300): 702–4. 5381: 5377: 5353: 5349: 5342: 5338: 5331: 5327: 5322:Wayback Machine 5313: 5309: 5304:Wayback Machine 5295: 5291: 5286:Wayback Machine 5277: 5273: 5249: 5245: 5221: 5217: 5210: 5206: 5182: 5178: 5163:Cyprinus carpio 5154: 5150: 5140: 5138: 5129: 5128: 5124: 5100: 5096: 5072: 5068: 5053: 5049: 5037: 5033: 5009: 5005: 4968: 4964: 4927:Current Biology 4919: 4915: 4907: 4903: 4893: 4889: 4865: 4861: 4837: 4833: 4809: 4805: 4794: 4790: 4786:222(3): 171-175 4776: 4772: 4748: 4744: 4733: 4729: 4721: 4708: 4692: 4686: 4682: 4673: 4669: 4653: 4649: 4638: 4634: 4624: 4620: 4612: 4605: 4590: 4579: 4569: 4567: 4560: 4556: 4549: 4533: 4526: 4518: 4514: 4509: 4505: 4489: 4485: 4476: 4472: 4464: 4460: 4453: 4433: 4429: 4421: 4417: 4409: 4405: 4398: 4394: 4362: 4352: 4348: 4338: 4336: 4306: 4302: 4291: 4287: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4228: 4128:, a species of 4056: 4044: 3919: 3692:, recreational 3664: 3538:ambush predator 3511:, and possibly 3342: 3311:Fish that perch 3306: 3300:External videos 3255: 3249:External videos 3176: 3170:External videos 3147:labyrinth organ 3034: 3028:External videos 2922: 2909: 2907:Fish locomotion 2895: 2888: 2881: 2872: 2861: 2842: 2833:in other fish. 2815:Flashlight fish 2803:Flashlight fish 2641: 2627: 2143:slingjaw wrasse 2131:suction feeding 2127: 2111: 2099: 2093:External images 2080: 1924:and others are 1894: 1880: 1830:. This extreme 1696:bioluminescence 1692: 1690:Ichthyoplankton 1674: 1463:standard length 1432: 1400: 1389:Greenland shark 1376:Greenland shark 1322:Atlantic tarpon 1305:Atlantic tarpon 1257: 1164: 1138: 1113: 1052: 1021: 1012:blind cave fish 999:Blind cave fish 943:, lives in the 939:, a species of 914: 859:Epipelagic fish 782:million tonnes 725:freshwater fish 717: 715:Marine habitats 703: 696: 690: 681: 675: 666: 660: 651: 645: 629:caudal peduncle 583: 576: 566: 557: 547: 538: 531: 522: 516: 461:ray finned fish 450: 443: 433: 424: 419: 410: 405: 396: 391: 356:red blood cells 321: 314: 311:Pacific hagfish 308: 299: 293: 284: 278: 223: 181: 175: 77: 76: 75: 74: 73: 52: 43: 42: 41: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9385: 9375: 9374: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9353: 9341: 9328: 9325: 9324: 9322: 9321: 9311: 9306: 9305: 9304: 9299: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9255: 9253: 9249: 9248: 9246: 9245: 9244: 9243: 9238: 9228: 9227: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9206: 9205: 9204: 9199: 9188: 9186: 9182: 9181: 9178: 9177: 9175: 9174: 9173: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9152: 9151: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9125: 9124: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9097: 9095: 9093:Wild fisheries 9089: 9088: 9086: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9059: 9057: 9048: 9042: 9041: 9039: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9016:Hallucinogenic 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8987: 8985: 8981: 8980: 8978: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8921: 8919: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8891:Schooling fish 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8851:Filter feeders 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8826:Bottom feeders 8823: 8818: 8813: 8807: 8805: 8799: 8798: 8796: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8759: 8757: 8751: 8750: 8748: 8747: 8746: 8745: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8669: 8667: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8596: 8594: 8586: 8585: 8583: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8571: 8570: 8565: 8555: 8554: 8553: 8548: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8527: 8526: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8495: 8494: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8472:Leydig's organ 8469: 8468: 8467: 8465:pharyngeal jaw 8462: 8452: 8447: 8446: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8418:branchial arch 8410: 8409: 8408: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8387: 8386: 8381: 8371: 8366: 8360: 8358: 8346: 8345: 8338: 8336: 8334: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8307: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8265: 8263: 8256: 8255: 8248: 8247: 8240: 8233: 8225: 8219: 8218: 8209: 8194: 8193:External links 8191: 8190: 8189: 8172: 8166: 8151: 8145: 8132: 8118: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8097: 8090: 8069: 8047: 7984: 7961: 7942:Froese, Rainer 7933: 7920:Siganus spinus 7914:Froese, Rainer 7905: 7886:Froese, Rainer 7877: 7872:(3): 603-607. 7854: 7799: 7780:Froese, Rainer 7771: 7764: 7744: 7730: 7709: 7662: 7647: 7635: 7571: 7552:Froese, Rainer 7543: 7524:Froese, Rainer 7515: 7500: 7488: 7469:Froese, Rainer 7460: 7458:, 18 May 2009. 7443: 7410: 7391:Froese, Rainer 7382: 7362: 7343:Froese, Rainer 7334: 7323:Grady, Denise 7309: 7291: 7270:(3): 206–217. 7247: 7225: 7199: 7174: 7158: 7135: 7112: 7100: 7093: 7075: 7068: 7050: 7023: 6979: 6960:Froese, Rainer 6951: 6933: 6914:(4): 780–784. 6889: 6880: 6851:(5): 407–410. 6828: 6809:(2): 299–307. 6799:D. reticulatus 6785: 6766:Froese, Rainer 6757: 6736: 6718: 6705:(4): 544–554. 6685: 6646:(10): e46170. 6626: 6603: 6584:Froese, Rainer 6575: 6563: 6534:(4): 378–383. 6511: 6500:. 11 July 2002 6485: 6451:(4): 453–462. 6424: 6403:(3): 329–342. 6380: 6360: 6345: 6326:Froese, Rainer 6317: 6305: 6266: 6254: 6235:Froese, Rainer 6226: 6199:(3): 283–317. 6171: 6158: 6146: 6119: 6100:Froese, Rainer 6091: 6076:Froese, Rainer 6067: 6052:Froese, Rainer 6043: 6028:Froese, Rainer 6019: 6000:Froese, Rainer 5988: 5945: 5934: 5922: 5903:Froese, Rainer 5894: 5879:Froese, Rainer 5870: 5854: 5839: 5813: 5794:Froese, Rainer 5785: 5766:Froese, Rainer 5754: 5735:Froese, Rainer 5726: 5713: 5694:Froese, Rainer 5685: 5667: 5641: 5623: 5597: 5532: 5513:Froese, Rainer 5501: 5479: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5375: 5356:Froese, Rainer 5347: 5336: 5325: 5307: 5289: 5271: 5252:Froese, Rainer 5243: 5224:Froese, Rainer 5215: 5204: 5185:Froese, Rainer 5176: 5157:Froese, Rainer 5148: 5122: 5103:Froese, Rainer 5094: 5075:Froese, Rainer 5066: 5059:Exp. Gerontol. 5047: 5031: 5012:Froese, Rainer 5003: 4962: 4913: 4901: 4887: 4868:Froese, Rainer 4859: 4840:Froese, Rainer 4831: 4812:Froese, Rainer 4803: 4788: 4770: 4751:Froese, Rainer 4742: 4727: 4706: 4680: 4667: 4647: 4639:Elert, Glenn 4632: 4625:CIA Factbook: 4618: 4603: 4600:(17): 341–346. 4577: 4554: 4547: 4524: 4512: 4503: 4491:N. A. Campbell 4483: 4470: 4458: 4451: 4427: 4415: 4403: 4392: 4346: 4300: 4285: 4266:Froese, Rainer 4256: 4254: 4251: 4250: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4205: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4183: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4158:Reunion Island 4154:Siganus spinus 4116: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4095: 4088: 4082: 4081: 4074: 4067: 4062: 4055: 4052: 4051: 4050: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4036: 4026: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4009:Alaska pollock 4005: 3998: 3996:Alaska pollock 3992: 3991: 3985: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3957: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3936:Yellowfin tuna 3933: 3926: 3924:Yellowfin tuna 3921: 3911: 3910: 3854: 3853: 3850: 3845: 3824:Alaska pollock 3773:North Atlantic 3759:), as well as 3729:filter feeding 3670: 3669: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3630: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3601: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3564: 3557: 3551: 3550: 3534:reef stonefish 3530: 3523: 3521:Reef stonefish 3517: 3516: 3477: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3444: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3415: 3408: 3403: 3395: 3394: 3387:bioprospecting 3375: 3374: 3371: 3357:poisonous fish 3348: 3347: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3317: 3316: 3302: 3301: 3294: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3266: 3265: 3260:Fish that walk 3251: 3250: 3243: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3225:flying gurnard 3187: 3186: 3172: 3171: 3164: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3136: 3129: 3123: 3122: 3099: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3078: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3045: 3044: 3030: 3029: 3022: 3015: 3009: 3008: 2982: 2975: 2969: 2968: 2961: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2944:dwarf seahorse 2936: 2929: 2927:Dwarf seahorse 2924: 2914: 2913: 2901: 2900: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2889: 2882: 2875: 2873: 2862: 2855: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2819:retroreflector 2812: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2760: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2722: 2715: 2709: 2708: 2692:Four-eyed fish 2688:four-eyed fish 2684: 2677: 2675:Four-eyed fish 2672: 2664: 2663: 2659:photosynthesis 2637:Main article: 2633: 2632: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2594: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2573:reef manta ray 2569: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2544: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2515: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2490: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2465: 2458: 2452: 2451: 2437: 2430: 2424: 2423: 2409: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2385: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2365: 2358: 2352: 2351: 2328: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2305:, also called 2303:Silver arowana 2299: 2292: 2290:Silver arowana 2286: 2285: 2271: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2238: 2231: 2225: 2224: 2221:bioluminescent 2202: 2195: 2190: 2182: 2181: 2119: 2118: 2107: 2106: 2095: 2094: 2086: 2085: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2062: 2055: 2049: 2048: 2039: 2032: 2024: 2023: 2012: 2005: 1999: 1998: 1987: 1980: 1974: 1973: 1966:chain catshark 1962: 1955: 1953:Chain catshark 1950: 1942: 1941: 1886: 1885: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1867:occur without 1849: 1842: 1836: 1835: 1790: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1761: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1740:hermaphrodites 1725: 1718: 1713: 1705: 1704: 1700:hermaphrodites 1680: 1679: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1655: 1648: 1642: 1641: 1630: 1623: 1617: 1616: 1605: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1581:filter-feeding 1573: 1566: 1560: 1559: 1540: 1533: 1527: 1526: 1515: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1489: 1482: 1474: 1473: 1440: 1439: 1428: 1427: 1426:External image 1420: 1413: 1406: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1385: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1364: 1357: 1351: 1350: 1347:green sturgeon 1345:, such as the 1343:living fossils 1339: 1332: 1330:Green sturgeon 1326: 1325: 1314: 1307: 1301: 1300: 1288: 1281: 1275: 1274: 1267: 1260: 1252: 1251: 1228: 1221: 1215: 1214: 1207: 1200: 1194: 1193: 1172: 1171: 1160: 1159: 1158:External image 1152: 1145: 1140: 1134: 1133: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1094: 1087: 1081: 1080: 1063: 1056: 1046: 1045: 1031: 1024: 1016: 1015: 1008: 1001: 995: 994: 983: 976: 970: 969: 962: 955: 949: 948: 931: 924: 917: 907: 906: 835: 834: 833: 832: 829: 828: 826: 823: 820: 817: 814: 811: 807: 806: 803: 800: 797: 794: 791: 788: 784: 783: 780: 777: 774: 771: 770:million cu km 768: 765: 762: 761: 758: 755: 752: 749: 746: 709: 708: 702: 699: 698: 697: 691: 684: 682: 676: 669: 667: 661: 654: 652: 646: 639: 582: 579: 578: 577: 567: 560: 558: 548: 541: 539: 532: 525: 523: 517: 510: 449: 446: 445: 444: 434: 427: 425: 420: 413: 411: 406: 399: 397: 392: 385: 364:Leydig's organ 336:placoid scales 320: 317: 316: 315: 309: 302: 300: 294: 287: 285: 279: 272: 222: 219: 174: 171: 117:(oceanic) and 53: 46: 45: 44: 31: 24: 23: 22: 21: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9384: 9373: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9352: 9351: 9342: 9340: 9339: 9330: 9329: 9326: 9320: 9319:more lists... 9312: 9310: 9307: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9274:Fish families 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9259:Aquarium life 9257: 9256: 9254: 9250: 9242: 9241:fleshy-finned 9239: 9237: 9234: 9233: 9232: 9229: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9211: 9210: 9209:Cartilaginous 9207: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9194: 9193: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9183: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9157: 9156: 9153: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9130: 9129: 9126: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9103: 9102: 9099: 9098: 9096: 9094: 9090: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9043: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8988: 8986: 8982: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8922: 8920: 8918: 8913: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8846:Electric fish 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8808: 8806: 8800: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8756: 8752: 8744: 8741: 8740: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8666: 8662: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8597: 8595: 8593: 8587: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8560: 8559: 8556: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8543: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8525: 8522: 8521: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8493: 8490: 8489: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8477:Mauthner cell 8475: 8473: 8470: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8457: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8415: 8414: 8411: 8407: 8404: 8403: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8396:Chromatophore 8394: 8392: 8389: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8376: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8357: 8351: 8347: 8342: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8291: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8266: 8264: 8262: 8257: 8253: 8246: 8241: 8239: 8234: 8232: 8227: 8226: 8223: 8216: 8213: 8210: 8207: 8203: 8200: 8197: 8196: 8187: 8186:9780813549415 8183: 8179: 8178: 8173: 8169: 8163: 8159: 8158: 8152: 8148: 8142: 8138: 8133: 8131: 8127: 8126: 8121: 8115: 8111: 8106: 8105: 8093: 8087: 8083: 8079: 8073: 8066: 8063: 8059: 8056: 8051: 8043: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8015: 8011: 8008:(1): e53274. 8007: 8003: 7999: 7997: 7988: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7971: 7965: 7957: 7956: 7951: 7949: 7943: 7937: 7929: 7928: 7923: 7921: 7915: 7909: 7901: 7900: 7895: 7893: 7887: 7881: 7875: 7871: 7867: 7864: 7858: 7850: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7834: 7830: 7826: 7822: 7818: 7814: 7810: 7803: 7795: 7794: 7789: 7787: 7781: 7775: 7767: 7761: 7757: 7756: 7748: 7742: 7741: 7734: 7728: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7713: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7686:(1): 98–112. 7685: 7681: 7677: 7675: 7666: 7660:, p. 443 7659: 7654: 7652: 7645:, p. 442 7644: 7639: 7631: 7625: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7582: 7575: 7567: 7566: 7561: 7559: 7553: 7547: 7539: 7538: 7533: 7531: 7525: 7519: 7512: 7509: 7504: 7497: 7492: 7484: 7483: 7478: 7476: 7470: 7464: 7457: 7456: 7452: 7447: 7438: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7414: 7406: 7405: 7400: 7398: 7392: 7386: 7380: 7379:0-00-715986-2 7376: 7372: 7366: 7358: 7357: 7352: 7350: 7344: 7338: 7331: 7330: 7326: 7320: 7318: 7316: 7314: 7306: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7287: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7254: 7252: 7244: 7240: 7237: 7232: 7230: 7213: 7209: 7203: 7187: 7181: 7179: 7171: 7167: 7162: 7146: 7139: 7123: 7116: 7109: 7104: 7096: 7090: 7086: 7079: 7071: 7065: 7061: 7054: 7047: 7043: 7040: 7036: 7033: 7027: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6991: 6983: 6975: 6974: 6969: 6967: 6961: 6955: 6948: 6945: 6940: 6938: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6898: 6896: 6894: 6884: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6839: 6832: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6789: 6781: 6780: 6775: 6773: 6767: 6761: 6753: 6747: 6739: 6733: 6729: 6722: 6713: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6689: 6681: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6630: 6614: 6607: 6599: 6598: 6593: 6591: 6585: 6579: 6573:, p. 197 6572: 6567: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6522: 6515: 6499: 6498:The Telegraph 6495: 6489: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6439: 6437: 6428: 6419: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6391: 6384: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6364: 6356: 6349: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6333: 6327: 6321: 6315:, p. 189 6314: 6309: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6283: 6279: 6278:Centrarchidae 6270: 6264:, p. 190 6263: 6258: 6250: 6249: 6244: 6242: 6236: 6230: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6175: 6168: 6162: 6155: 6150: 6143: 6139: 6136: 6132: 6129: 6123: 6115: 6114: 6109: 6107: 6101: 6095: 6087: 6086: 6081: 6077: 6071: 6063: 6062: 6057: 6053: 6047: 6039: 6038: 6033: 6029: 6023: 6015: 6014: 6009: 6007: 6001: 5995: 5993: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5949: 5943: 5938: 5931: 5926: 5918: 5917: 5912: 5910: 5904: 5898: 5890: 5889: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5867: 5864: 5858: 5851: 5848: 5843: 5828: 5824: 5817: 5809: 5808: 5803: 5801: 5795: 5789: 5781: 5780: 5775: 5773: 5767: 5761: 5759: 5750: 5749: 5744: 5742: 5736: 5730: 5723: 5717: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5701: 5695: 5689: 5683: 5679: 5676: 5671: 5655: 5651: 5645: 5639: 5635: 5632: 5627: 5611: 5607: 5601: 5593: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5548: 5543: 5536: 5528: 5527: 5522: 5520: 5514: 5508: 5506: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5488: 5483: 5476: 5473: 5470: 5464: 5454: 5450: 5445: 5444: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5389: 5379: 5371: 5370: 5365: 5363: 5357: 5351: 5345: 5340: 5334: 5329: 5323: 5319: 5316: 5311: 5305: 5301: 5298: 5293: 5287: 5283: 5280: 5275: 5267: 5266: 5261: 5259: 5253: 5247: 5239: 5238: 5233: 5231: 5225: 5219: 5213: 5208: 5200: 5199: 5194: 5192: 5186: 5180: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5164: 5158: 5152: 5136: 5132: 5126: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5110: 5104: 5098: 5090: 5089: 5084: 5082: 5076: 5070: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5051: 5044: 5041: 5035: 5027: 5026: 5021: 5019: 5013: 5007: 4999: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4966: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4917: 4910: 4905: 4898: 4897: 4891: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4875: 4869: 4863: 4855: 4854: 4849: 4847: 4841: 4835: 4827: 4826: 4821: 4819: 4813: 4807: 4800: 4799: 4792: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4774: 4766: 4765: 4760: 4758: 4752: 4746: 4740: 4738: 4731: 4724: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4702: 4698: 4691: 4684: 4677: 4671: 4664: 4660: 4657: 4651: 4644: 4643: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4622: 4615: 4610: 4608: 4599: 4595: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4565: 4558: 4550: 4544: 4540: 4539: 4531: 4529: 4521: 4516: 4507: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4487: 4480: 4474: 4467: 4462: 4454: 4448: 4445:. p. 2. 4444: 4440: 4439: 4431: 4424: 4419: 4412: 4407: 4401: 4396: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4361: 4359: 4350: 4334: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4320: 4315: 4313: 4304: 4297: 4294: 4289: 4281: 4280: 4275: 4273: 4267: 4261: 4257: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4203: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4193: 4188: 4184: 4181: 4175: 4172: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4126: 4121: 4117: 4114: 4108: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4093: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4072: 4066: 4063: 4059: 4049: 4046: 4045: 4034: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4003: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3962: 3958: 3955: 3949: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3916: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3903:aquarium fish 3900: 3896: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3885:smelt whiting 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3861:sport fishing 3858: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3698:aquarium fish 3696:, decorative 3695: 3691: 3684: 3680: 3679:Predator fish 3676: 3672: 3671: 3668: 3667: 3654: 3649: 3645: 3644:envenomations 3641: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3599: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3562: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3528: 3522: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3505:Easter Island 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3442: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3413: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3382: 3380: 3379:venomous fish 3372: 3369: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3361:venomous fish 3358: 3354: 3350: 3349: 3346: 3345: 3333: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3315: 3312: 3303: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3276:pectoral fins 3273: 3264: 3261: 3252: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3185: 3182: 3173: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3114:pectoral fins 3111: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3052: 3051:shortfin mako 3043: 3040: 3031: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3014: 3013:Shortfin mako 3011: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 2998: 2995: 2987: 2983: 2980: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2959: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2934: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2919: 2912: 2908: 2903: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2893:By locomotion 2886: 2879: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2859: 2854: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2846: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2795:siphonophores 2792: 2787: 2786: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2768: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2720: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2682: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2669: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2650: 2649:visible light 2646: 2640: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2567: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2513: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2469:mangrove jack 2466: 2463: 2459: 2457: 2456:Mangrove jack 2454: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2326: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2297: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2256:when aiming. 2255: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2187: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2173:Ocean sunfish 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2126: 2117: 2108: 2105: 2096: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2070: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2045: 2040: 2037: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1996: 1995:ovoviviparous 1992: 1988: 1985: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1960: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1940: 1938: 1937:mouthbrooding 1934: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1906:ovoviviparous 1903: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1884: 1883: 1870: 1869:fertilization 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1802:. The female 1801: 1797: 1796: 1791: 1788: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1773:swim bladders 1770: 1766: 1762: 1759: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1723: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1703: 1701: 1698:. Others are 1697: 1691: 1687: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1628: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1609:ocean sunfish 1606: 1603: 1597: 1596:Ocean sunfish 1594: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1538: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1499: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1481: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1447: 1438: 1429: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1412: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1362: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1337: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1312: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1272: 1271:orange roughy 1268: 1265: 1261: 1259: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1244:North Pacific 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1170: 1161: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1092: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1078: 1077:thermal vents 1075:lives around 1074: 1073: 1068: 1064: 1061: 1055: 1054: 1048: 1047: 1043: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1023: 1018: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1006: 1002: 1000: 997: 996: 992: 988: 984: 981: 977: 975: 972: 971: 967: 963: 960: 956: 954: 951: 950: 946: 942: 938: 937: 932: 929: 925: 923: 922: 918: 912: 905: 903: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 847:Demersal fish 844: 840: 827: 809: 808: 804: 786: 785: 781: 778: 775: 772: 769: 766: 764: 763: 760:Fish biomass 759: 753: 750: 747: 744: 743: 740: 739: 738: 737: 736: 734: 730: 726: 722: 716: 710: 707: 706: 695: 688: 683: 679: 673: 668: 664: 658: 653: 649: 643: 638: 637: 636: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 609: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 575: 571: 564: 559: 556: 552: 545: 540: 536: 529: 524: 520: 514: 509: 508: 507: 505: 501: 497: 496:chondrosteans 492: 490: 489:lepidotrichia 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 442: 438: 437:elephant fish 431: 426: 423: 417: 412: 409: 403: 398: 395: 389: 384: 383: 382: 380: 376: 372: 367: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 332:swim bladders 329: 328:cartilaginous 325: 312: 306: 301: 298: 291: 286: 283: 276: 271: 270: 269: 267: 263: 259: 254: 250: 246: 241: 239: 235: 231: 227: 218: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 197: 192: 190: 186: 180: 170: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 111: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 71: 67: 63: 59: 58: 54:The deep sea 50: 39: 35: 28: 19: 9348: 9336: 9236:spiny-finned 9185:Major groups 9000: 8906:Intelligence 8886:Scale eaters 8831:Cleaner fish 8713:Mouthbrooder 8665:Reproduction 8640:Schreckstoff 8625:Lateral line 8541:Swim bladder 8531:Spiral valve 8460:hyomandibula 8443:pseudobranch 8326:Hypoxia in - 8268: 8214: 8176: 8156: 8136: 8130:Google Books 8124: 8109: 8081: 8072: 8064: 8050: 8005: 8001: 7995: 7987: 7976: 7972: 7964: 7953: 7947: 7936: 7925: 7919: 7908: 7897: 7891: 7880: 7869: 7865: 7857: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7802: 7791: 7785: 7774: 7754: 7747: 7739: 7733: 7717: 7712: 7683: 7679: 7673: 7665: 7638: 7624:cite journal 7612:. Retrieved 7591: 7587: 7574: 7563: 7557: 7546: 7535: 7529: 7518: 7503: 7491: 7480: 7474: 7463: 7453: 7446: 7427: 7423: 7413: 7402: 7396: 7385: 7370: 7365: 7354: 7348: 7337: 7327: 7302: 7294: 7267: 7263: 7216:. Retrieved 7212:the original 7202: 7190:. Retrieved 7169: 7161: 7149:. Retrieved 7138: 7126:. Retrieved 7115: 7103: 7084: 7078: 7059: 7053: 7045: 7041: 7026: 6993: 6989: 6982: 6971: 6965: 6954: 6946: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6883: 6848: 6844: 6831: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6788: 6777: 6771: 6760: 6727: 6721: 6702: 6698: 6688: 6643: 6639: 6629: 6617:. Retrieved 6606: 6595: 6589: 6578: 6566: 6531: 6527: 6514: 6502:. Retrieved 6488: 6476:. 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Retrieved 4323: 4317: 4311: 4303: 4288: 4277: 4271: 4260: 4213:Amazon River 4209:vampire fish 4196:Vampire fish 4161: 4153: 4142:Roman Empire 4138:coastal fish 4123: 3988:Atlantic cod 3976:Atlantic cod 3907: 3897: 3857:Recreational 3855: 3812:Atlantic cod 3781: 3710: 3706:scuba divers 3687: 3662:By human use 3639: 3613:fish markets 3608: 3571: 3503:migrated to 3460:nurse sharks 3391: 3383: 3376: 3368:envenomation 3320: 3313: 3269: 3262: 3197:Walking fish 3190: 3183: 3108: 3048: 3041: 3003: 3001:black marlin 2996: 2991: 2910: 2843: 2783: 2738:alarm signal 2729: 2653: 2642: 2616:cleaner fish 2600: 2552:cleaner fish 2535:Cleaner fish 2390:are kept in 2368:Striped bass 2356:Striped bass 2306: 2278:sand dollars 2150: 2147: 2139: 2128: 2042: 2027: 1933:cardinalfish 1930: 1895: 1859:, a type of 1811: 1799: 1793: 1693: 1521:, a type of 1496: 1477: 1466: 1449:, a type of 1444: 1443: 1408: 1239: 1180: 1175: 1114: 1111:By life span 1070: 1051:Thermichthys 1049: 1041: 1020:Death Valley 987:pelagic fish 985:Some marine 934: 919: 898: 878:coastal fish 871: 855:water column 853:inhabit the 851:pelagic fish 836: 796:3.8 km 718: 650:are teleosts 627:ends at the 610: 584: 555:chondrostean 493: 455:include the 451: 368: 322: 258:invertebrate 242: 226:Jawless fish 224: 221:Jawless fish 215:paraphyletic 193: 182: 163:Amazon basin 131:river basins 127:Indo-Pacific 121:ecosystems. 112: 78: 61: 55: 18: 9372:Ichthyology 9350:WikiProject 9309:Prehistoric 9293:Threatened 8984:Other types 8881:Sardine run 8856:Forage fish 8836:Corallivory 8688:Development 8673:Bubble nest 8546:physoclisti 8536:Suckermouth 8509:Root effect 8331:Ichthyology 7892:Sarpa salpa 7455:PhysOrg.com 7304:LiveScience 7218:26 February 7166:Piper, Ross 6368:Piper, Ross 6185:Lepisosteus 5932:, p. 4 4616:, p. 3 4495:J. B. Reece 4468:, p. 3 4339:12 November 4125:Sarpa salpa 3968:forage fish 3899:Fishkeeping 3848:Farmed fish 3816:Grand Banks 3727:, often by 3717:forage fish 3683:forage fish 3509:New Zealand 3501:Polynesians 3481:giant moray 3468:Giant moray 3419:puffer fish 3406:Puffer fish 3340:By toxicity 3326:pelvic fins 3285:Tripod fish 3110:Flying fish 3090:Flying fish 2827:photophores 2821:behind the 2791:nematocysts 2734:colouration 2645:ultraviolet 2601:nibble fish 2597:Doctor fish 2585:Doctor fish 2523:lepidophagy 2494:puffer fish 2481:Puffer fish 2473:crustaceans 2334:is a small 2307:monkey fish 2282:sea urchins 2274:Triggerfish 2262:Triggerfish 2250:butterflies 2219:and have a 2169:crustaceans 2157:cephalopods 2135:ram feeding 2041:The female 1935:, practice 1910:hammerheads 1902:lamniformes 1853:hammerheads 1840:Hammerheads 1771:with their 1737:protogynous 1577:whale shark 1564:Whale shark 1556:overfishing 1552:Philippines 1455:peat swamps 1211:ram cichlid 1198:Ram cichlid 1037:, like the 966:stone loach 953:Stone loach 810:Freshwater 767:million km 594:fresh water 590:vertebrates 533:Model of a 481:vertebrates 473:coelacanths 408:Whale shark 394:Tiger shark 297:sea lamprey 295:Mouth of a 251:. Juvenile 213:, fish are 185:systematics 173:By taxonomy 151:Neotropical 123:Coral reefs 66:angler fish 64:. It is an 8965:Groundfish 8960:Freshwater 8955:Euryhaline 8940:Coral reef 8876:Salmon run 8866:Paedophagy 8768:Amphibious 8755:Locomotion 8563:pharyngeal 8551:physostome 8504:Photophore 8450:Glossohyal 8423:gill raker 8406:dorsal fin 8356:physiology 8102:References 7979::185–188. 7703:10379/8836 7594:(1): 7–8. 7048:: 106–115. 6619:9 February 6418:10072/4430 6193:J. Morphol 6181:Polypterus 5558:: e29797. 5423:2022/26597 4564:"Telostei" 4048:resilience 3828:Bering Sea 3702:snorkelers 3694:sport fish 3640:(pictured) 3572:(pictured) 3489:food chain 3330:caudal fin 3209:locomotion 3201:amphibious 3199:are often 3193:mudskipper 3155:Mudskipper 3060:exothermic 2940:sea horses 2905:See also: 2829:to detect 2780:cone cells 2767:telescopic 2763:Barreleyes 2254:refraction 2241:Archerfish 2229:Archerfish 2213:dorsal fin 2205:Anglerfish 2193:Anglerfish 2161:gastropods 2153:blue shark 2020:viviparous 1914:viviparous 1890:See also: 1808:pheromones 1804:anglerfish 1800:(pictured) 1781:Anglerfish 1684:See also: 1588:vulnerable 1493:anglerfish 1318:sport fish 1189:vertebrate 1181:(pictured) 1121:coral reef 1069:vent fish 1042:(pictured) 991:blue shark 974:Blue shark 894:deep water 886:epipelagic 819:87 m 805:800–2,000 787:Saltwater 733:speciation 729:anadromous 713:See also: 701:By habitat 633:caudal fin 621:caudal fin 617:premaxilla 602:commercial 535:coelacanth 500:holosteans 485:amphibians 282:lake trout 238:anadromous 165:, such as 159:vertebrate 119:freshwater 100:amphibians 92:vertebrate 62:(pictured) 34:sea dragon 9214:chimaeras 9101:Predatory 9078:Salmonids 9036:Whitefish 9026:Poisonous 9001:Diversity 8935:Coldwater 8871:Predatory 8861:Migratory 8821:Bait ball 8804:behaviour 8723:Pregnancy 8718:Polyandry 8492:papillare 8487:Operculum 8482:Meristics 8428:gill slit 8391:Cleithrum 8321:Fish kill 8311:Fear of - 8304:- as food 8294:Fisheries 8279:Evolution 8269:Diversity 7600:0813-1988 7151:6 October 7128:12 August 6823:140204848 6746:cite book 6282:Cichlidae 5772:Mola mola 5477::895-899. 5440:206647043 5315:Sturgeons 4479:Chordates 3961:schooling 3889:swordfish 3881:mahi-mahi 3843:whitefish 3839:Oily fish 3835:Food fish 3777:North Sea 3769:halfbeaks 3761:anchovies 3733:Clupeidae 3713:fisheries 3690:food fish 3633:Stingrays 3605:stargazer 3592:Stargazer 3493:ciguatera 3485:reef fish 3456:ciguatera 3452:reef fish 3402:Toxicity 3221:mangroves 3184:BBC Earth 3118:see video 2845:Boxfishes 2776:rhodopsin 2772:rod cells 2751:Barreleye 2742:Predatory 2625:By vision 2612:psoriasis 2442:herrings 2440:Schooling 2415:feeds on 2344:suctorial 2340:cetaceans 2177:jellyfish 2165:ascidians 2069:kangaroos 2053:Seahorses 1970:oviparous 1949:Brooding 1926:oviparous 1922:Catsharks 1824:atrophies 1806:releases 1712:Breeding 1613:bony fish 1548:sinarapan 1531:Sinarapan 874:shoreline 779:per cent 694:seahorses 663:Rose fish 648:Swordfish 574:holostean 453:Bony fish 448:Bony fish 354:produces 340:sandpaper 94:species: 9366:Category 9338:Category 9289:Smallest 9202:lampreys 9165:flatfish 9155:Demersal 9111:mackerel 9106:billfish 9046:Commerce 8975:Tropical 8950:Demersal 8945:Deep-sea 8901:Venomous 8793:RoboTuna 8743:triggers 8738:Spawning 8698:Juvenile 8683:Egg case 8316:FishBase 8202:Archived 8058:Archived 8042:23308184 8002:PLOS ONE 7981:Download 7955:FishBase 7927:FishBase 7899:FishBase 7874:Download 7849:19183523 7793:FishBase 7723:Archived 7608:16986801 7565:FishBase 7537:FishBase 7482:FishBase 7404:FishBase 7356:FishBase 7286:16740627 7239:Archived 7168:(2007), 7035:Archived 7018:83905458 6973:FishBase 6928:85768623 6867:20188557 6779:FishBase 6699:Am. Zool 6680:23056255 6640:PLOS ONE 6597:FishBase 6550:16488871 6465:43389710 6370:(2007), 6339:FishBase 6248:FishBase 6221:26805223 6213:30170473 6131:Archived 6113:FishBase 6085:FishBase 6061:FishBase 6037:FishBase 6013:FishBase 5916:FishBase 5888:FishBase 5807:FishBase 5779:FishBase 5748:FishBase 5707:FishBase 5678:Archived 5654:BBC News 5634:Archived 5610:BBC News 5592:22253785 5547:PLoS ONE 5526:FishBase 5490:Archived 5432:27516602 5369:FishBase 5318:Archived 5300:Archived 5282:Archived 5265:FishBase 5237:FishBase 5198:FishBase 5170:FishBase 5116:FishBase 5088:FishBase 5025:FishBase 4998:14999022 4957:22684907 4949:15854891 4881:FishBase 4853:FishBase 4825:FishBase 4764:FishBase 4737:Ross Sea 4497:(2005). 4400:FishBase 4387:84572467 4279:FishBase 4226:See also 4148:. Other 4033:goldfish 3820:cod wars 3775:and the 3745:menhaden 3741:sardines 3737:herrings 3725:plankton 3653:arteries 3621:Stingray 3584:New York 3576:lionfish 3568:lionfish 3555:Lionfish 3427:blowfish 3272:handfish 3234:Handfish 2999:and the 2849:carapace 2840:By shape 2831:eyeshine 2527:molluscs 2498:molluscs 2448:copepods 2444:ram feed 2217:deep sea 2189:Feeding 2065:Seahorse 1892:Spawning 1769:decibels 1765:toadfish 1752:Toadfish 1729:groupers 1686:Spawning 1495:species 1297:goldfish 1232:rockfish 1125:rockfish 1067:bythitid 941:cusk eel 876:. These 839:demersal 757:Species 745:Habitat 586:Teleosts 581:Teleosts 519:Lungfish 504:teleosts 477:tetrapod 469:lungfish 459:and the 441:chimaera 422:Stingray 379:chimaera 199:chordate 196:tetrapod 104:reptiles 88:FishBase 38:seahorse 9284:Largest 9197:hagfish 9192:Jawless 9170:pollock 9143:sardine 9138:herring 9133:anchovy 9083:Tilapia 9073:Octopus 9068:Catfish 9055:Farming 8970:Pelagic 8930:Coastal 8917:habitat 8773:Walking 8678:Clasper 8630:Otolith 8592:systems 8590:Sensory 8524:ganoine 8499:Papilla 8350:Anatomy 8289:Fishing 8065:Science 8033:3537660 8010:Bibcode 7841:2884671 7821:Bibcode 7614:10 June 6998:Bibcode 6990:Science 6875:3743161 6671:3463571 6648:Bibcode 6558:1139246 6478:18 July 5983:4226567 5963:Bibcode 5861:Ryan P 5832:3 March 5583:3256195 5560:Bibcode 5402:Bibcode 5394:Science 5141:15 July 4659:Science 4520:Teleost 4499:Biology 4217:urethra 3964:anchovy 3948:Anchovy 3893:walleye 3808:whiting 3796:haddock 3792:pollock 3784:Gadidae 3765:capelin 3642:. Such 3637:stinger 3580:Florida 3353:poisons 3004:(right) 2923:motion 2869:boxfish 2671:Vision 2605:Turkish 2548:wrasses 2428:Herring 2420:sponges 2392:aquaria 2348:pomfret 2336:dogfish 2246:spiders 2175:prefer 1865:embryos 1792:Female 1733:Grouper 1727:Female 1716:Grouper 1638:oarfish 1459:Sumatra 1398:By size 1320:is the 1053:hollisi 1035:pupfish 1022:pupfish 915:Habitat 890:pelagic 843:pelagic 822:13,000 799:18,000 793:1370.8 773:(mean) 751:Volume 692:So are 613:maxilla 326:have a 264:but no 253:lamprey 249:hagfish 245:lamprey 234:viscera 211:mammals 125:in the 96:mammals 84:species 9302:sharks 9219:sharks 9148:sprats 9128:Forage 9116:salmon 8996:Coarse 8778:Flying 8650:Vision 8605:Barbel 8519:Scales 8379:dermal 8259:About 8184: 8164: 8143: 8116: 8088: 8040: 8030: 7847: 7839: 7762: 7606: 7598: 7377: 7284: 7192:20 May 7110:(2009) 7091: 7066: 7016: 6926: 6908:Copeia 6873: 6865: 6821: 6734: 6678: 6668: 6556: 6548: 6504:24 May 6463: 6219: 6211: 5981: 5955:Nature 5660:23 May 5616:23 May 5590: 5580: 5496:2006, 5438: 5430: 4996: 4955: 4947: 4628:World. 4570:8 June 4545: 4449: 4385: 4367:Copeia 4166:Hawaii 4160:, and 4146:Arabic 4061:Other 3959:These 3891:, and 3873:porgie 3869:marlin 3800:saithe 3757:sprats 3721:school 3513:Hawaii 3215:-like 2997:(left) 2823:retina 2817:use a 2697:pupils 2525:) and 2311:snakes 2223:lure. 1912:, are 1904:, are 1898:Sharks 1828:gonads 1816:enzyme 1744:harems 1590:fish. 1546:, the 1451:minnow 1258:roughy 1256:Orange 1177:Gobies 1117:gobies 776:count 754:Depth 721:extant 598:marine 570:bowfin 502:, and 371:sharks 352:gonads 348:spleen 346:, the 344:marrow 147:Mekong 145:, and 139:Amazon 115:marine 70:angles 68:that " 9264:Blind 9252:Lists 9031:Rough 8896:Sleep 8802:Other 8568:shark 8558:Teeth 7845:S2CID 7584:(PDF) 7014:S2CID 6924:S2CID 6871:S2CID 6841:(PDF) 6819:S2CID 6554:S2CID 6524:(PDF) 6472:(PDF) 6461:S2CID 6441:(PDF) 6393:(PDF) 6217:S2CID 5979:S2CID 5554:(1). 5436:S2CID 4953:S2CID 4693:(PDF) 4383:S2CID 4363:(PDF) 4253:Notes 4130:bream 4054:Other 4031:(and 3918:Human 3749:hilsa 3483:is a 3263:CSIRO 3213:snake 3082:wahoo 3069:Wahoo 2921:Loco- 2867:is a 2575:at a 2492:Many 2471:eats 2417:coral 2167:, or 2133:, by 1763:Male 1584:shark 1405:Size 1139:span 816:0.13 748:Area 625:spine 572:is a 568:This 553:is a 549:This 479:land 465:class 439:is a 435:This 262:skull 207:birds 203:gills 183:Fish 143:Congo 108:birds 9297:rays 9231:Bony 9224:rays 9121:tuna 9063:Carp 9021:Oily 9006:Game 8991:Bait 8925:Cave 8708:Milt 8413:Gill 8401:Fins 8374:Bone 8261:fish 8252:Fish 8182:ISBN 8162:ISBN 8141:ISBN 8114:ISBN 8086:ISBN 8038:PMID 7837:PMID 7760:ISBN 7630:link 7616:2015 7604:OCLC 7596:ISSN 7375:ISBN 7282:PMID 7220:2015 7194:2008 7153:2008 7130:2006 7089:ISBN 7064:ISBN 6912:2008 6863:PMID 6797:and 6752:link 6732:ISBN 6676:PMID 6621:2009 6546:PMID 6506:2009 6480:2009 6280:and 6209:PMID 6189:Amia 6187:and 6106:2006 6006:2006 5834:2013 5662:2010 5618:2010 5588:PMID 5428:PMID 5143:2009 4994:PMID 4945:PMID 4572:2006 4543:ISBN 4493:and 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