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384:(green trace) distorts the shape of a square wave by reducing its low frequency components. This is the cause of the "droop" seen on the top of the pulses. This "pulse distortion" can be very significant when a train of pulses must pass through an AC-coupled (high-pass filtered) amplifier. As the sine wave contains only one frequency, its shape is unaltered.
654:
reduce the magnitude of even harmonics generated by the non-linearities of the amplifier's components, by combining two signals from opposite halves of the circuit where distortion components that are roughly the same magnitude but out of phase. Examples include
879:
a distortion is any change made by an artist to the size, shape or visual character of a form in order to express an idea, convey a feeling, or enhance visual impact. Such distortions or "abstractions" primarily refer to purposeful deviations from
354:, for instance a filter whose gain and/or delay varies with frequency, the signal suffers linear distortion. Linear distortion does not introduce new frequency components to a signal but does alter the balance of existing ones.
547:
is an example of frequency distortion. In the audio case, this is mainly caused by room acoustics, poor loudspeakers and microphones, long loudspeaker cables in combination with frequency dependent loudspeaker
610:
As the system output is given by y(t) = F(x(t)), then if the inverse function F can be found, and used intentionally to distort either the input or the output of the system, then the distortion is corrected.
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has flat spots (the inverse would map multiple input points to a single output point). This produces an uncorrectable loss of information. Such a situation can occur when an amplifier is overdriven—causing
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transfer function (red) generates high order harmonics. Parts of the transfer function are flat, which indicates that all information about the input signal has been lost in this region.
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Amplitude distortion is distortion occurring in a system, subsystem, or device when the output amplitude is not a linear function of the input amplitude under specified conditions.
570:. Here, all the components of the input signal are not amplified with the same phase shift, hence making some parts of the output signal out of phase with the rest of the output.
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892:" by El Greco, whose human subject matters are irregularly and (as is often with physical distortions) asymmetrically proportioned in a way that is not possible in standard
261:
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99:, then it is symmetrically "undistorted" after passing through a noisy communication channel, reducing the noise in the received signal. Distortion is also used as a
513:(THD), as a percentage. The level at which harmonic distortion becomes audible depends on the exact nature of the distortion. Different types of distortion (like
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87:
Distortion is usually unwanted, and so engineers strive to eliminate or minimize it. In some situations, however, distortion may be desirable. For example, in
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The transfer function of an ideal amplifier, with perfect gain and delay, is only an approximation. The true behavior of the system is usually different.
493:
multiples of a sound wave's frequencies. Nonlinearities that give rise to amplitude distortion in audio systems are most often measured in terms of the
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679:, distortion is the shifting of the significant instants of the signal pulses from their proper positions relative to the beginning of the start
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Non-flat frequency response is a form of distortion that occurs when different frequencies are amplified by different amounts in a
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391:(blue trace) rounds the pulses by removing the high frequency components. All systems are low pass to some extent. Note that the
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behavior of electronic components and power supply limitations. Terms for specific types of nonlinear audio distortion include:
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The first trace (in black) shows the input. It also shows the output from a non-distorting transfer function (straight line).
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With respect to audio, distortion refers to any kind of deformation of an output waveform compared to its input, usually
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fed to the system. Harmonic distortion may be expressed in terms of the relative strength of individual components, in
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distortion when, for a moment, the amplifier characteristics alone and not the input signal determine the output.
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of the sine wave is different for the lowpass and the highpass cases, due to the phase distortion of the filters.
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95:, an audio signal is deliberately distorted in ways that emphasize aspects of the signal that are subject to
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transfer function (purple), this one gently compresses the peaks of the sine wave, as may be typical of a
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are sometimes included in noise. Quality measures that reflect both noise and distortion include the
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This article is about technology, especially electrical engineering. For other uses, see
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Telegraphic distortion is a similar and older problem, distorting the ratio between
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An audio example of a short sample followed by different distorted versions of it.
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Correction is not possible if the inverse does not exist—for instance if the
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In most fields, distortion is characterized as unwanted change to a signal.
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683:. The magnitude of the distortion is expressed in percent of an ideal unit
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the output is undistorted. Distortion occurs when the transfer function
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varies with frequency. In a filter, group delay tends to peak near the
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is the alteration of the original shape (or other characteristic) of a
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543:. For example, the non-uniform frequency response curve of AC-coupled
521:) even if the THD measurements are identical. Harmonic distortion in
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A graph of a waveform and the distorted version of the same waveform
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Graph of a waveform and some distorted versions of the same waveform
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perspective or from realistic proportionality. Examples include "
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1046:"Telegraphic Type Services Standard Interface Specifications"
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437:) are a common source of non-linear distortion; in passive
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This diagram shows the behaviour of a signal (made up of a
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373:) as it is passed through various distorting functions.
449:), linear distortion can be caused by inhomogeneities,
406:. This generates small amounts of low order harmonics.
122:) is not considered distortion, though the effects of
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When the transfer function comprises only a perfect
622:transmissions are deliberately pre-emphasised by a
1021:Sound Check: The Basics of Sound and Sound Systems
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1072:Audio Electronics by John Linsley Hood; page 162
914:, image/optical distortion is a divergence from
598:, group delay distortion had to be corrected in
528:
80:representing images, in an electronic device or
614:An example of a similar correction is where LP/
646:Cancellation of even-order harmonic distortion
37:"Distort" redirects here. For other uses, see
1825:
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796:Other forms of audio distortion are non-flat
566:This form of distortion mostly occurs due to
27:Alteration of the original shape of a signal
605:
1832:
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187:can be written as a function of the input
573:
525:applications is rarely expressed as THD.
2259:Output power of an analog TV transmitter
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1631:Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio
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1447:Equivalent pulse code modulation noise
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2289:Direct-broadcast satellite television
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517:) are more audible than others (like
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1570:(energy per symbol to noise density)
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132:total harmonic distortion plus noise
2179:Vestigial sideband modulation (VSB)
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24:
1641:Signal-to-quantization-noise ratio
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922:with increasing distance from the
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346:is more complicated than this. If
332:{\displaystyle y(t)=A\cdot x(t-T)}
25:
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1555:(energy per bit to noise density)
1523:Carrier-to-receiver noise density
1437:Effective input noise temperature
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687:length. This is sometimes called
667:Teletypewriter or modem signaling
1166:(physics and telecommunications)
1120:
1085: This article incorporates
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1062:from the original on 2022-10-09.
836:, except that it may affect the
756:Problems playing this file? See
738:
2174:Quadrature amplitude modulation
1778:Block-matching and 3D filtering
1626:Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)
1477:Noise, vibration, and harshness
1098:General Services Administration
849:intentionally used as an effect
421:in the transfer function of an
64:it means the alteration of the
2499:Audio amplifier specifications
2338:Television channel frequencies
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890:The Adoration of the Shepherds
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128:signal-to-noise and distortion
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2309:Digital television transition
2138:Multichannel television sound
1311:Additive white Gaussian noise
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529:Frequency response distortion
2381:Field strength in free space
2082:Horizontal blanking interval
1687:Interference (communication)
1594:Signal-to-interference ratio
1584:Signal, noise and distortion
832:. The human ear cannot hear
509:of all harmonic components:
497:(overtones) added to a pure
473:Clipping (signal processing)
256:{\displaystyle y(t)=F(x(t))}
7:
2279:Superheterodyne transmitter
1442:Equivalent noise resistance
1024:. Hal Leonard. p. 55.
955:
824:from analog media such as
32:Distortion (disambiguation)
10:
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2117:Vertical blanking interval
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775:intermodulation distortion
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154:can be characterised by a
114:or other outside signals (
68:of an information-bearing
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2092:Nominal analogue blanking
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1737:Total variation denoising
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973:Audio system measurements
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511:Total harmonic distortion
485:Harmonic distortion adds
606:Correction of distortion
76:representing sound or a
39:Distort (disambiguation)
2411:Television interference
2284:Television receive-only
1651:Contrast-to-noise ratio
791:slew-induced distortion
158:, such that the output
124:quantization distortion
2333:Microwave transmission
2299:Terrestrial television
2294:Television transmitter
2254:Intermediate frequency
2047:Chrominance subcarrier
1574:Modulation error ratio
1509:Carrier-to-noise ratio
1472:Noise spectral density
1093:Federal Standard 1037C
1087:public domain material
968:Attenuation distortion
926:of an optical system.
918:caused by a change in
916:rectilinear projection
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574:Group delay distortion
435:operational amplifiers
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2205:Broadcast transmitter
1789:Denoising autoencoder
1763:Anisotropic diffusion
1608:Signal-to-noise ratio
1452:Impulse noise (audio)
1367:Johnson–Nyquist noise
1255:Government regulation
1106: (in support of
1018:Moscal, Tony (1994).
781:phenomena) caused by
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578:Can be found only in
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202:
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82:communication channel
2447:Zero reference pulse
2432:Field strength meter
2169:Frequency modulation
2077:Horizontal scan rate
1672:List of noise topics
1129:at Wikimedia Commons
983:Distortion synthesis
855:signal in styles of
787:crossover distortion
657:push-pull amplifiers
568:electrical reactance
515:crossover distortion
467:Amplitude distortion
461:Amplitude distortion
404:tube audio amplifier
287:
214:
191:
180:{\displaystyle y(t)}
162:
103:, particularly with
2386:Noise (electronics)
2249:Intercarrier method
2209:Transmitter station
1844:broadcasting topics
1432:Circuit noise level
1427:Channel noise level
946:Mercator projection
906:Distortion (optics)
851:when applied to an
845:Distortion in music
771:harmonic distortion
734:Distorted waveforms
652:electronic circuits
481:Harmonic distortion
453:, and so on in the
2514:Geometrical optics
2274:Split sound system
2224:Differential phase
1488:Pseudorandom noise
1378:Quantization error
1189:Noise cancellation
888:" by Picasso and "
814:quantization noise
798:frequency response
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596:12 channel carrier
535:Frequency response
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144:telecommunications
138:Electronic signals
130:(SINAD) ratio and
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2401:Radiation pattern
2219:Differential gain
1841:Analog television
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1742:Wavelet denoising
1702:Thermal radiation
1697:Spectrum analyzer
1493:Statistical noise
1317:Atmospheric noise
1214:Noise temperature
1199:Noise measurement
1179:Acoustic quieting
1125:Media related to
998:Lossy compression
886:The Weeping Woman
871:Distortion in art
743:
661:long-tailed pairs
650:Many symmetrical
631:transfer function
592:cut-off frequency
545:cascade amplifier
200:{\displaystyle x}
156:transfer function
148:signal processing
91:systems like the
46:signal processing
16:(Redirected from
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2328:Frequency offset
2269:Residual carrier
2214:Cavity amplifier
2112:Television lines
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1795:Deep Image Prior
1784:Shrinkage Fields
1768:Bilateral filter
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1322:Background noise
1219:Phase distortion
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1100:. Archived from
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580:dispersive media
562:Phase distortion
556:Phase distortion
507:root mean square
382:high-pass filter
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1115:External links
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1104:on 2022-01-22.
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419:Nonlinearities
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2264:Pre-emphasis
2188:Transmission
2153:Zweikanalton
2057:Color killer
1982:Clear-Vision
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1457:Noise figure
1418:Engineering
1407:Worley noise
1337:Cosmic noise
1260:Human health
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1102:the original
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274:and perfect
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120:interference
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93:Dolby system
86:
78:video signal
74:audio signal
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2509:Cartography
2442:VIT signals
2437:Vectorscope
2376:Earth bulge
2358:Propagation
2321:& bands
2319:Frequencies
2102:Raster scan
2042:Chrominance
2032:Black level
2027:front porch
1483:Phase noise
1462:Noise floor
1397:Value noise
1389:White noise
1332:Burst noise
1250:Environment
1245:Electronics
1228:Noise in...
1204:Noise power
1108:MIL-STD-188
1053:The Mindway
942:cartography
894:perspective
877:visual arts
861:heavy metal
802:compression
704:intervals.
455:propagation
451:reflections
441:(such as a
431:transistors
398:A slightly
367:square wave
62:electronics
2493:Categories
2371:Distortion
2304:Transposer
2239:Dummy load
2195:Amplifiers
2162:Modulation
2052:Colorburst
2023:Back porch
1751:2D (Image)
1384:Shot noise
1373:Pink noise
1357:Infrasound
1352:Grey noise
1184:Distortion
1127:Distortion
1005:References
857:rock music
806:modulation
783:non-linear
758:media help
671:In binary
533:See also:
471:See also:
439:components
400:non-linear
50:distortion
2478:Sparklies
2463:Dot crawl
2456:Artifacts
2396:Path loss
2391:Null fill
2366:Beam tilt
2107:Safe area
1677:Acoustics
1240:Buildings
865:punk rock
847:is often
673:signaling
640:slew rate
600:repeaters
584:waveguide
550:impedance
505:, or the
495:harmonics
489:that are
487:overtones
425:(such as
371:sine wave
321:−
309:⋅
270:constant
134:(THD+N).
2468:Ghosting
2229:Diplexer
2097:Overscan
2062:Color TV
1955:System F
1951:System E
1947:819-line
1941:System N
1937:System L
1933:System K
1929:System I
1925:System H
1921:System G
1917:System D
1913:System C
1909:System B
1905:625-line
1899:System M
1895:525-line
1890:455-line
1885:441-line
1879:System A
1875:405-line
1870:375-line
1865:343-line
1860:180-line
1711:Denoise
1057:Archived
963:Aliasing
956:See also
950:latitude
859:such as
810:aliasing
767:clipping
675:such as
636:clipping
620:FM audio
503:decibels
499:sinewave
411:clipping
66:waveform
2420:Testing
2002:PALplus
1852:Systems
1720:General
1713:methods
1618:,
1172:General
875:In the
822:flutter
793:(SID).
582:. In a
552:, etc.
409:A hard-
18:Distort
1977:NTSC-J
1780:(BM3D)
1502:Ratios
1362:Jitter
1313:(AWGN)
1265:Images
1028:
988:Fading
912:optics
900:Optics
779:mixing
541:filter
457:path.
433:, and
152:system
70:signal
56:. In
54:signal
2143:NICAM
2131:Sound
2016:Video
2007:SECAM
1997:PAL-S
1992:PAL-M
1791:(DAE)
1588:SINAD
1538:dBrnC
1479:(NVH)
1420:terms
1295:Video
1280:Ships
1275:Rooms
1270:Radio
1235:Audio
1164:Noise
1089:from
1060:(PDF)
1049:(PDF)
773:, or
701:space
685:pulse
681:pulse
616:vinyl
393:phase
350:is a
276:delay
112:noise
2406:Skew
2087:Luma
2025:and
1972:NTSC
1645:SQNR
1635:SINR
1026:ISBN
863:and
828:and
820:and
789:and
699:and
697:mark
659:and
268:gain
146:and
60:and
2348:VHF
2343:UHF
1987:PAL
1655:CNR
1620:SNR
1578:MER
940:In
910:In
818:wow
677:FSK
638:or
445:or
207:as
142:In
116:hum
44:In
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1953:,
1939:,
1935:,
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172:t
169:(
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