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Bertha Smouse, a step-daughter of
Colonel Reed.” The bulletin went to reveal that no descendant of Reed's could confirm any family members’ participation in designing the seal. “And while (Bertha Smouse) could have had a hand in drawing the seal, there is no evidence to support this claim,” the National Register application states. In section 8, page 4 of the Registration Form received on June 22, 2005, to place the Reed Mansion on the National Register of Historic Places, the submitted claim for significance states: "It is said that the final sketch presented with the report, a parchment copy of which was placed in the office of the Secretary of State, was the work of Mss Bertha Smouse, a step-daughter of Colonel Reed. Bertha Smouse would have been between 16 and 20 years old at that time and while she could have had a hand in drawing the seal, there is no evidence to support this claim."
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340:, Vaughan's reputation as a learned man was well known. His private library alone was equal to the size of Harvard's. Publishing numerous articles, Vaughan devoted his life to building mills, stores, printing-offices, breweries, and advocating toward the Settlement of Kennebec County. Drawing details from Reed's description, Vaughan submitted a preliminary sketch to the legislature sub-committee. The design was nearly unanimously rejected for various reasons: the moose looked "more like a deer," and one committee member complained that his initial desire that the aurora borealis and a quote from
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317:, who was the first president of the Maine Senate, oversaw the process. Isaac Reed is credited with having written the description and explanation of the seal: “The motto, in small Roman capitals, shall be in a label (that reads) DIRIGO.” The label would be located between the star – “the mariner’s guide … over the pathless ocean to the desired haven” – and a shield featuring a moose, a pine tree, a farmer and a sailor.” Although originally from Waldoboro, Massachusetts, Reed was opposed to Maine becoming a state. In April 1816, he moved his family into a Mansion on Glidden in
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Homestead dining room. In the Sun
Journal, Vaughan is quoted to have proposed the emblems, and one of his own daughters crudely fashioned the original sketch at their dining room table. “We are the most northern state in the Union,” Vaughan said, “yet what is an ordinary star for all other states becomes the North Star for us.” Maine Historical Society Bicentennial Education Fellow, Brittany Cook, stated in a 2020 virtual hub, that the new state of Maine turned to a man named Vaughan to design the state seal, and his daughter is said to have sketched the first design.
236:, who purportedly wrote its official description and explanation. There have been variations in the details of the seal, but the overall design and images remain true to the original. The center of the seal is a shield adorned with a tranquil scene of a moose resting in a field bordered by water and woods; a pine tree stands tall directly behind the moose. On either side of the shield, a farmer rests on his scythe, and a sailor leans on an anchor. Above the shield is the motto "Dirigo" (I direct) and a stylized North Star. Below the shield is a banner that reads "
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321:, historically named: the Reed Mansion. It was there that Reed and his step-daughter, Bertha Smouse, purportedly worked on the seal together. It has been noted, however, how ironic Reed’s involvement was at the time, since he campaigned fellow townsfolk to vote against Maine becoming a state. “When sent by the town to the 1816 Constitutional Convention in Brunswick, Reed argued strongly against separation from Massachusetts, as he did again in Portland in 1819,” states a 2005 National House Register application for the Reed Mansion.
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a seaman, resting on an anchor. In the foreground, representing sea and land, and under the shield, shall be the name of the State in large Roman capitals, to wit: MAINE. The whole shall be surrounded by a crest, the North Star. The motto, in small Roman capitals, shall be in a label interposed between the shield and crest, viz.: DIRIGO.
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How it finally came to approval is unknown; but since that time, various stories, printed articles and even Maine towns have disputed authorship over the original sketch design. On June 12, 1820, The
Portland Gazette reported: "We understand that the emblems for the seal of the State were proposed by
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As stated in Maine law, Title 1 Section 201: The seal of the State shall be a shield, argent, charged with a pine tree (Americana, quinis ex uno folliculo setis) with a moose (cervus alces), at the foot of it, recumbent; supporters: on dexter side, a husbandman, resting on a scythe; on sinister side,
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has been considered the mariner's guide and director in conducting the ship over the pathless ocean to the desired haven, and as the center of magnetic attraction; as it has been figuratively used to denote the point, to which all affections turn, and as it is here intended to represent the State, it
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On March 26, 2020, the trustees of the
Waldoborough Historical Society announced that they had been chosen to receive funding to erect a sign outside of the former site of the Reed Mansion in Waldoboro, Maine to commemorate the "1820 State Seal Visual gift of Bertha Smouse." According to Lawrence, a
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In 1930, the Maine
Library Bulletin discovered that “it is generally conceded that (Reed) was the author of the detailed and somewhat flowery description of the (seal) and the symbols comprising it. It is said that the final sketch presented with the report (to the Legislature) was the work of Miss
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Shortly after Maine became a state, the official state seal was adopted on June 9, 1820. Although, “there are no records indicating how the motto was developed or selected,” according to David Chever, former Maine State archivist and vice chairman of Maine's
Bicentennial Committee, it is known that
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was not included. Despite the fact that a state seal was needed for immediate use on official documents, “no part of it was very ingeniously wrought or executed; hence people of taste and judgment have not been altogether pleased with the devices, or emblems,” says historian
William D. Williamson.
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Currently, in the Maine state archives, attached to the original Maine legislation is the original sketch for the 1820 Official Coat of Arms; however, there is no documented proof of authorship assigned to the drawing. According to Dave
Martucci, the more recognized design was drawn in 1919; and
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However, in 2020, in celebration of Maine's bicentennial, a contest was announced in partnership with the
Vaughan Woods & Historical Homestead that sought a modern interpretation of the original Maine state seal. The winning submission would be hung over the mantel in the Benjamin Vaughan
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Although Maine state historian, Herb Adams also says that a sub-committee of the Maine legislature turned to
Vaughan to design the seal, President of the Waldoboro Historical Society, Jean B. Lawrence, states that the step-daughter of Isaac Reed, Bertha Smouse, created the original design by
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Benjamin Vaughan, Esq. of Hallowell, that the sketch was executed by a young lady in this town, and that the Motto, description, explanation, &c are from the pen of Col. Isaac G. Reed, a member of the House of Representatives from Waldoborough."
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While the explanation of the seal is credited to Reed, the original first draft of the design is credited to Dr. Benjamin Vaughan from Hallowell, Maine. A distinguished doctor with degrees from
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National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Reed Mansion. June 22, 2005. NPS Form 10-900 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service.
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attributed to illustrator Henry Gibson. The seal went through various stages of design through the 1800s; however, the initial elements described in 1820 remain.
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Argent, charged with a pine tree (Americana, quinis ex uno folliculo setis) with a moose (cervus alces), at the foot of it, recumbent
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In the foreground, representing sea and land, and under the shield, the name of the State in large Roman capitals, to wit: MAINE
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stitching it in needlework. When referenced, Bertha Smouse is believed or credited as having created the state seal.
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Bertha Smouse of Thomaston is credited with drawing the first seal, based on Hallowell's Benjamin Vaughan's design
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may be considered the citizens' guide, and the object to which the patriot's best exertions should be directed".
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The resolution adopting the seal upon which this motto appears gives insight into its meaning: "...as the
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The Maine State Seal. Maine Historical Bicentennial Education Virtual Hub. Brittany Cook. April 30, 2020.
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Maine Bicentennial: Call for Proposals – State Seal Modern Interpretation. Vaughan Woods Homestead. 2020.
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On dexter side, a husbandman, resting on a scythe; on sinister side, a seaman, resting on an anchor
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17 year old Smouse created a "needlework visual" from a list of suggestions given by her father.
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805:“Bertha Smouse’s Gift to Maine” Maine Bicentennial Calendar. Jean B. Lawrence. March 14, 2020.
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228:, while the original sketch is credited to Bertha Smouse, the step-daughter of
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872:"Waldoborough Historical Society Receives Bicentennial Grant Funding"
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Seal of the Maine Department of Professional and Financial Regulation
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Seal of the Maine Department of Administrative and Financial Services
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was adopted in June 1820. The concept of the design is attributed to
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743:"Contest Seeks Modern Interpretation of Original Maine State Seal"
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First State Seal design submitted to the Legislature sub-committee
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548:"American History and Genealogy Project: The State Seal "Dirigo""
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Maine (U.S.) February 20, 2004. Joe Mc Millan. www.crwflags.com
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Vaughn, Benjamin. Maine: An Encyclopedia. August 10, 2020
781:"How The 'Great Seal Of The State Of Maine' Came To Be"
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design using the state seal on a navy blue backdrop.
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Official government emblem of the U.S, state of Maine
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380:The State of Maine first adopted its state flag in
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830:Maine: State Flag. states101.com August 10, 2020
498:Seal of the Maine Department of Marine Resources
636:"The Reed Mansion: Its creator and his family"
288:. The motto was also used for the name of the
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510:Seal of the Maine Bureau of Veterans Services
474:Seal of the Maine Department of Public Safety
356:More commonly recognized Seal of Maine design
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486:Seal of the Maine Bureau of Highway Safety
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993:State coats of arms of the United States
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843:"Maine State Museum: Statehood Achieved"
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870:News, Lincoln County (March 26, 2020).
841:Museum, Maine State (January 1, 2018).
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678:"On this date in Maine history: June 9"
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840:
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607:"How did Dirigo become Maine's motto?"
605:Bouchard, Kelley (February 17, 2020).
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128:Coat of arms according to Ströhl, 1899
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574:"The American Heraldy Society: Maine"
161:A mullet (the North Star), shining Or
957:The Great Seal of the State of Maine
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572:McMillan, Joseph (August 10, 2020).
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634:Lawrence, Jean B. (April 8, 2017).
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292:which oversaw the state of Maine's
284:The motto and seal are used by the
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927:Martucci, Dave (January 1, 1997).
702:Martucci, Dave (January 1, 1997).
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546:Axtman, Debbie (January 1, 2011).
25:
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296:system before the passage of the
271:As Maine goes, so goes the nation
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1365:State seals of the United States
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218:Great Seal of the State of Maine
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929:"Maine State Symbols: Overview"
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257:"I direct" or "I lead") is the
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779:Gratz, Irwin (June 9, 2020).
676:Owen, Joseph (June 9, 2020).
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7:
522:List of Maine state symbols
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438:Seal of the Maine treasurer
425:Maine State Planning Office
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2338:Coats of arms with anchors
2333:Coats of arms with sickles
2318:United States state seals
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210:: "I direct" or "I lead")
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79:: "I direct" or "I lead")
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2343:Coats of arms with stars
2323:Coats of arms with trees
1685:Northern Mariana Islands
1313:Northern Mariana Islands
847:www.mainestatemuseum.org
578:www.americanheraldry.org
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2328:Coats of arms with deer
1784:Congressional districts
269:, Republicans claimed "
114:Historical coat of arms
392:Other symbols of Maine
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704:"Maine State Symbols"
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88:Coat of arms of Maine
290:Dirigo Health Agency
1819:Tourist attractions
1695:U.S. Virgin Islands
1323:U.S. Virgin Islands
1269:Coat of arms of the
876:www.mainepublic.org
785:www.mainepublic.org
640:www.villagesoup.com
611:www.pressherald.com
298:Affordable Care Act
286:University of Maine
33:Great Seal of Maine
901:has generic name (
749:. January 27, 2020
747:www.sunjournal.com
682:www.sunjournal.com
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334:Harvard University
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1950:Western Mountains
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410:governor of Maine
313:William Moody of
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2136:Presque Isle
1968:Androscoggin
1925:Lake Country
1860:Demographics
1749:
1690:Puerto Rico
1579:South Dakota
1569:Rhode Island
1564:Pennsylvania
1544:North Dakota
1468:
1318:Puerto Rico
1207:South Dakota
1197:Rhode Island
1192:Pennsylvania
1172:North Dakota
936:. Retrieved
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552:www.ahgp.org
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423:Seal of the
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151:June 9, 1820
71:
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2239:Scarborough
2018:Piscataquis
1935:North Woods
1880:LGBT rights
1667:Territories
1494:Mississippi
1409:Connecticut
1295:Territories
1122:Mississippi
1037:Connecticut
899:|last=
294:health care
259:state motto
187:Compartment
2307:Categories
2161:Waterville
2038:Washington
1978:Cumberland
1779:Government
1609:Washington
1529:New Mexico
1524:New Jersey
1399:California
1237:Washington
1157:New Mexico
1152:New Jersey
1027:California
938:August 10,
881:August 10,
852:August 10,
790:August 10,
753:August 10,
713:August 10,
687:August 10,
645:August 10,
616:August 10,
583:August 10,
557:August 10,
533:References
278:Polar Star
177:Supporters
2244:Skowhegan
2209:Kennebunk
2189:Brunswick
2166:Westbrook
2116:Hallowell
2106:Ellsworth
2086:Biddeford
2023:Sagadahoc
2013:Penobscot
1973:Aroostook
1930:Mid Coast
1915:Highlands
1910:Down East
1870:Education
1789:Governors
1774:Geography
1754:(capital)
1619:Wisconsin
1584:Tennessee
1489:Minnesota
1464:Louisiana
1247:Wisconsin
1212:Tennessee
1117:Minnesota
1092:Louisiana
2249:Standish
2199:Falmouth
2184:Bridgton
2141:Rockland
2131:Portland
2126:Old Town
2121:Lewiston
2111:Gardiner
2101:Eastport
2028:Somerset
1993:Kennebec
1983:Franklin
1960:Counties
1885:Politics
1875:Gun laws
1845:Cannabis
1840:Abortion
1604:Virginia
1554:Oklahoma
1534:New York
1509:Nebraska
1499:Missouri
1484:Michigan
1474:Maryland
1459:Kentucky
1439:Illinois
1414:Delaware
1404:Colorado
1394:Arkansas
1232:Virginia
1182:Oklahoma
1162:New York
1137:Nebraska
1127:Missouri
1112:Michigan
1102:Maryland
1087:Kentucky
1067:Illinois
1042:Delaware
1032:Colorado
1022:Arkansas
891:cite web
516:See also
342:St. Paul
267:New Deal
102:Versions
2269:Winslow
2264:Windham
2254:Topsham
2234:Sanford
2214:Kittery
2151:Sanford
2081:Belfast
2066:Augusta
2003:Lincoln
1988:Hancock
1902:Regions
1865:Economy
1855:Culture
1833:Society
1814:Symbols
1804:Islands
1794:History
1751:Augusta
1624:Wyoming
1599:Vermont
1504:Montana
1444:Indiana
1424:Georgia
1419:Florida
1389:Arizona
1379:Alabama
1252:Wyoming
1227:Vermont
1132:Montana
1072:Indiana
1052:Georgia
1047:Florida
1017:Arizona
1007:Alabama
408:of the
148:Adopted
139:Armiger
57:Adopted
48:Armiger
2219:Lisbon
2204:Gorham
2096:Calais
2091:Brewer
2071:Bangor
2061:Auburn
2053:Cities
2008:Oxford
1809:People
1799:Images
1761:Topics
1559:Oregon
1514:Nevada
1454:Kansas
1429:Hawaii
1384:Alaska
1372:States
1187:Oregon
1142:Nevada
1082:Kansas
1057:Hawaii
1012:Alaska
1000:States
304:Design
250:DÄ«rigĹŤ
203:Dirigo
167:Shield
116:(1876)
72:Dirigo
18:Dirigo
2259:Wells
2229:Orono
2033:Waldo
1769:Index
1741:Maine
1737:State
1589:Texas
1469:Maine
1434:Idaho
1217:Texas
1097:Maine
1062:Idaho
263:Maine
255:Latin
244:Motto
238:Maine
208:Latin
197:Motto
157:Crest
77:Latin
66:Motto
2274:York
2146:Saco
2076:Bath
2043:York
1998:Knox
1680:Guam
1594:Utah
1549:Ohio
1449:Iowa
1308:Guam
1222:Utah
1177:Ohio
1077:Iowa
940:2020
903:help
883:2020
854:2020
792:2020
755:2020
715:2020
689:2020
647:2020
618:2020
585:2020
559:2020
406:Seal
386:flag
382:1901
336:and
315:Saco
273:.")
216:The
1739:of
261:of
232:of
224:of
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